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Heart – the heart is the main blood pump of the body, thereby, maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory
system.
Pericardium
Double layered closed sac that surrounds the heart and anchors it.
Myocardium
Composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for the ability of the heart to contract.
Endocardium
Heart chambers
Heart valves
1. Atrioventricular valves
Allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles but prevent it from flowing back into the atria.
Tricuspid valve – AV between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Bicuspid valve – AV between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
2. Pulmonary semilunar valve
Closes the pulmonary trunk and keeps blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.
3. Aortic semilunar valve
Closes the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
It supplies blood to and provides drainage from the tissues of the heart.
Pulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Circuit of vessels supplying oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body and returning deoxygenated blood from the said
tissues to the heart.
Renal Circulation
Nourishes the kidneys and discharges water, salts, and nitrogenous cell materials.
Portal Circulation
Involves an extensive system of veins that lead from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, and colon. Blood
flowing from the digestive organs transports digested food and water.
Blood Vessels
1. Arteries – blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
2. Veins – blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.
3. Capillaries – nutrient and waste product exchange is its principal function.
Blood pressure
Measure of the force blood exerts against the blood vessel walls.
1. Systolic pressure – ventricles contract, blood is forced into the arteries, pressure reaches a maximum.
2. Diastolic pressure – ventricles relax, blood pressure in the arteries falls to a minimum value.
RBC are disk shaped cells containing hemoglobin, which transports oxygen. RBC also contain carbonic anhydrase, which
is involved in carbon dioxide transport.
Spherical cells that are whitish in color because they lack hemoglobin.
Can leave the blood and move by amoeboid movement through the tissues.
They protect the body against invading microorganisms. They also remove dead cells and debris from the tissues by
phagocytosis.
Platelets or Thrombocytes
Minute fragments of cells, each consisting of a small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane.
Play an important role in preventing blood loss by forming clots and plugs.