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    Palvi Training Report

    Загружено:

    Palvi Raina

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате DOCX, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 27

    BACHELORS OF TECHNOLOGY (B.

    TECH)
    IN
    COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
    (SESSION: 2018-2022)
    REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING (CSE)

    SUBMITTEDBY
    PALVI RAINA
    (2318008)

    Submitted to

    Department of Computer Science & Engineering


    Ambala College of Engineering & Applied Research,
    Devsthali, Ambala(Haryana)
    AffiliatedtoKurukshetraUniversity,Kurukshetra
    DECLARATION

    I, PALVI RAINA, student of Bachelor of Technology (Computer Science &


    Engineering),in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering Ambala
    College of Engineering & Applied Research, Devsthali, Ambala (Haryana) under
    class Roll No.2318083,for the session 2018-2022, hereby, declare that the
    Summer TrainingReport entitled “REPOERT ON SUMMER TRAINING”has been
    completed by me after completing the 4 weeks training after 2nd Sem.
    The mattered bodied in this training report has been the original work of me / team
    and is done with sincere and continuous effort.

    PALVI RAINA
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    I would like to place on record with my deep sense of gratitude to my Supervisors


    for their stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement and supervision for the
    submission of the training report and presentation. Thank you so much for all of
    the academic, professional and personal advice that you have given me.

    I express my sincerer attitude to Er. Manjit Singh, Senior Associate Professor &
    Head of the Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Ambala College Of
    Engineering & Applied Research, Devsthali, Mithapur (Ambala),for his generous
    guidance, help and useful suggestions.

    The completion this training would not have been possible without the bound
    lessen ecouragement and support of my family. My parents have spent their lives
    encouraging my intellectual and personal growth From you all, I have learned to
    take pride in my work and to enjoy the simple pleasure of a job well done

    Thank you for everything that you have given me.

    Palvi Raina
    (2318008
    OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING
    TABLE OF CONTENTS:-

    1.Computer science and engineering department:

     Introduction to HTML
     Tags
     Features
     Advantages & Disadvantages
     Introduction to HTML 5

    2.Biotechnology Department:

     Blood Group
     Blood Group System
     ABO Blood Group System

    3.Electronics and Communication Department:

     Basic components of electronics:-

     Resistor

     Capacitor

     Inductor

    4.Mechanical Department:

     CAD/CAM
    COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

    ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
    INTRODUCTION TO HTML
    (HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)
    HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup
    Language. It is used to design web pages using markup
    language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup
    language. Hypertext defines the link between the web pages.
    Markup language is used to define the ent to display it in required
    format.

    HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is used to


    design web pages using markup language. HTML is the
    combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext
    defines the link between the web pages. Markup language is used
    to define the text document within tag which defines the
    structure of web pages. This language is used to annotate (make
    notes for the computer) text so that a machine can understand it
    and manipulate text accordingly. Most of markup (e.g. HTML)
    languages are human readable. Language uses tags to define
    what manipulation has to be done on the text.
    HTML is a markup language which is used by the browser to
    manipulate text, images and other content to display it in
    required format. HTML was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991.
    The first ever version of HTML was HTML 1.0 but the first
    standard version was HTML 2.0 which was published in 1999.
    text document within tag which defines the structure of web
    pages.
    HTML is a markup language which is used by the browser to
    manipulate text, images and other contents.
    YEAR HTML VERSION

    1991 HTML 1.0

    1995 HTML 2.0

    1997 HTML 3.2

    1999 HTML 4.01

    2000 XHTML

    2014 HTML 5
    TAGS

    <DOCTYPE! html>: This tag is used to tells the HTML


    version. This currently tells that the version is HTML 5.
    <html>: This is called HTML root element and used to wrap all
    the code.
    <head>: Head tag contains metadata, title, page CSS etc. All
    the HTML elements that can be used inside the <head> element
    are:
     <style>
     <title>
     <base>
     <noscript>
     <script>
     <meta>
     <title>
    <body>: Body tag is used to enclosed all the data which a web
    page has from texts to links. All of the content that you see
    rendered in the browser is contained within this element.

    Example: HTML page can be created using any text editor


    (notepad). Then save that file using .htm or .html extension and
    open that file in browser. It will get the HTML page response.
    Features of HTML:
     It is easy to learn and easy to use.
     It is platform independent.
     Images, video and audio can be added to a web page.
     Hypertext can be added to text.
     It is a markup language.
    Why learn HTML?
     It is a simple markup language. Its implementation is easy.
     It is used to create a website.
     Helps in developing fundamentals about web programming.
     Boost professional career.

     Learning HTML can be used for situations like formatting a


    blog or email, working with a CMS, embedding external

    content on your site, and creating usable content.

     It is a form of programming language that is used to make


    web pages on the internet viewable. So it can be said that it
    is because of HTML that web pages are interesting to look
    at.

    Advantages:-
    1. HTML is Easy to Learn and Use:-
    HTML is very easy to learn HTML is the first and foremost language

    that the person will go through. It has simple tags.


    2. HTML is Free:-
    One of the biggest advantages of HTML is that it is free of cost

    and there is no need to purchase specific softwar So it is very

    cost effective as per business perspective as there is no cost of

    purchasing the license if the whole website is developed in HTML

    language.

    3. HTML is Supported by all Browsers:-


    Almost all the browsers around the globe are supported by HTML.

    So there is no need to worry about the website written in HTML

    for the browser support as the website would easily show up in all

    the browsers if the program keeps in mind to optimize the

    website for the different browsers. HTML provides an easy way to

    optimize the website in HTML according to browsers to the web

    developers.
    4. HTML is the Most Friendly Search Engine:-
    HTML is one of the most friendly search engines in comparison to

    all the programming languages available in the market (Search

    Engine friendly means delivering users quality websites

    withrelevant information when searched for a particular one).

    5. HTML is Simple to Edit:-


    HTML is very easy to edit as there is no need to have a special

    interface or platform to edit it. It is written in simple Notepad and

    hence can be simply edited in any text editor like

    Notepad, Notepad++, etc.

    Disadvantages:
     HTML can create only static webpages so for dynamic web
    page other languages have to be used.
     Large amount of code has to be written to create a simple
    web page.
     Security feature is not good.
    HTML 5 INTRODUCTION

    Introduction: HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.


    It is used to design web pages using markup language. HTML is
    the combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext
    defines the link between the web pages. Markup language is used
    to define the text document within tag which defines the
    structure of web pages. HTML 5 is the fifth and current version of
    HTML. It has improved the markup available for documents and
    has introduced application programming interfaces(API) and
    Document Object Model(DOM).

    Features:
     It has introduced new multimedia features which supports
    audio and video controls by using <audio> and <video> tags.
    There are new graphics elements including vector graphics
    and tags.
     Enrich semantic content by including <header><footer>,
    <article>, <section> and <figure> are added.
     Drag and Drop- The user can grab an object and drag it
    further dropping it on a new location.
     Geo-location services- It helps to locate the geographical
    location of a client.
     Web storage facility which provides web application methods
    to store data on web browser.
     Uses SQL database to store data offline.
     Allows to draw various shapes like triangle, rectangle, circle,
    etc.
     Capable of handling incorrect syntax.
     Easy DOCTYPE declaration i.e. <!doctype html>
     Easy character encoding i.e. <meta charset=”UTF-8″>
    Removed elements from HTML 5: There are many
    elements which are depreciated from HTML 5 are listed
    below:
    REMOVED ELEMENTS USE INSTEAD ELEMENTS

    <acronym> <abbr>

    <applet> <object>

    <basefont> CSS

    <big> CSS

    <center> CSS

    <dir> <ul>

    <font> CSS

    <frame>

    <frameset>
    REMOVED ELEMENTS USE INSTEAD ELEMENTS

    <noframes>

    <isindex>

    <strike> CSS, <s> or <del>

    <tt> CSS

    Advantages:
     All browsers supported.
     More device friendly.
     Easy to use and implement.
     HTML 5 in integration with CSS, JavaScript, etc can help
    build beautiful websites

    Disadvantages:
     Long codes have to be written which is time consuming.
     Only modern browsers support it.

    Supported Browsers: It is supported by all modern


    browsers.
    Department of
    Biotechnology Engineering
    Blood Group

    A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification


    of blood, based on the presence and absence
    of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface
    of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may
    be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids,
    depending on the blood group system. Some of these antigens
    are also present on the surface of other types of cells of
    various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens
    can stem from one allele (or an alternative version of a gene) and
    collectively form a blood group system. Blood types are inherited
    and represent contributions from both parents. A total of
    36 human blood group systems and 346 antigens are now
    recognized by the International Society of Blood
    Transfusion (ISBT). The two most important blood group systems
    are ABO and Rh; they determine someone's blood type (A, B, AB
    and O, with +, − or null denoting RhD status) for suitability
    in blood transfusion.

    Blood Group System


    A complete blood type would describe a full set of 30 substances
    on the surface of red blood cells, and an individual's blood type
    is one of many possible combinations of blood-group antigens.
    Across the 36 blood group systems, 308 different blood-group
    antigens have been found. Almost always, an individual has the
    same blood group for life, but very rarely an individual's blood
    type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen
    in infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease. Another more
    common cause of blood type change is a bone marrow transplant.
    Bone-marrow transplants are performed for
    many leukemias and lymphomas, among other diseases. If a
    person receives bone marrow from someone who is a different
    ABO type (e.g., a type A patient receives a type O bone marrow),
    the patient's blood type will eventually convert to the donor's
    type.
    Some blood types are associated with inheritance of other
    diseases; for example, the Kell antigen is sometimes associated
    with McLeod syndrome. Certain blood types may affect
    susceptibility to infections, an example being the resistance to
    specific malaria species seen in individuals lacking the Duffy
    antigen. The Duffy antigen, presumably as a result of natural
    selection, is less common in racial groups from areas with a high
    incidence of malaria.

    ABO Blood Group System


    The ABO blood group system involves two antigens and two
    antibodies found in human blood. The two antigens are antigen A
    and antigen B. The two antibodies are antibody A and antibody B.
    The antigens are present on the red blood cells and the
    antibodies in the serum. Regarding the antigen property of the
    blood all human beings can be classified into 4 groups, those with
    antigen A (group A), those with antigen B (group B), those with
    both antigen A and B (group AB) and those with neither antigen
    (group O). The antibodies present together with the antigens are
    found as follows:

    1. Antigen A with antibody B


    2. Antigen B with antibody A
    3. Antigen AB has no antibodies
    4. Antigen nil (group O) with antibody A and B.
    Department of Electronics and
    Communication Engineering
    Basics Components of Electronics
    Resistor: A resistor is an electronic component which is used to
    resist the flow of current and cause a reduction in potential. It
    consists of a low conductive component joined by conducting
    wires at both its ends. When current flows through the resistor,
    the electrical energy is absorbed by the resistor and dissipated in
    form of heat. The resistor thus offers a resistance or opposition to
    the flow of current.
    The resistance is given as R = V/I, where V is the voltage drop
    across the resistance and I is the current flowing through the
    resistor.
    Types of Resistors

    Fixed Resistors: Resistors whose resistance value is fixed


    and are used to provide a opposition to the flow of current.
    They can be carbon composition resistors which are made up of
    mixture of carbon and ceramic.
    They can be carbon film resistors which consists of carbon film
    deposited on an insulated substrate.

    Variable Resistors: They provide a variation in their


    resistance value. They are generally used in voltage division.
    They can be potentiometers or presets. The resistance can be
    varied by controlling thewiper movement. The variable resistor
    insulated substrate or variable resistance, which is consist three
    connections. Generally used as an adjustable voltage divider. It is
    a resistor with a movable element positioned by a manual knob
    or lever.
    The movable element is also called as wiper; it creates a contact
    with a resistive strip at any point which is selected by the manual
    control.

    Capacitors: A capacitor is a linear passive component which is


    used to store electrical charge. A capacitor generally provides
    reactance to the flow of current. Basically a capacitor consists of
    a pair of electrodes between which there is an insulated dielectric
    material.
    The stored charge is given by :-

    Q = CV where C is the capacitive reactance and V is the applied


    voltage.

    Types of Capacitors
    Fixed Capacitors: They offer a fixed reactance to the flow of
    current. They can be Mica capacitor which consists of mica as the
    insulating material. They can be non polarized ceramic capacitors
    which consist of ceramic plates coated with silver. They can be
    electrolyte capacitors which are polarized and used where high
    value of capacitance is required.

    Variable Capacitors: They offer capacitance which can be


    varied by varying the distance between the plates. They can be
    air gap capacitors or vacuum capacitors.

    Inductors: An inductor is a passive electronic component


    which stores energy in form of a magnetic field. It generally
    consists of a conductor coil, which offers a resistance to the
    applied voltage. It works on the basic principle of Faraday’s law of
    inductance, according to which a magnetic field is created when
    current flows through the wire and the electromotive force
    developed opposes the applied voltage.
    Department of Mechanical
    Engineering
    Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) also known
    as ComputeraidedModeling or Computer-aided Machining is
    the use of software to control machine tools and related ones in
    the manufacturing of workpieces. This is not the only definition
    for CAM, but it is the most common; CAM may also refer to the
    use of a computer to assist in all operations of a manufacturing
    plant, including planning, management, transportation and
    storage. Its primary purpose is to create a faster production
    process and components and tooling with more precise
    dimensions and material consistency, which in some cases, uses
    only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing
    waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption.

    CAM is now a system used in schools and lower educational


    purposes. CAM is a subsequent computer-aided process
    after computer-aided design (CAD) and sometimes computer-
    aided engineering (CAE), as the model generated in CAD and
    verified in CAE can be input into CAM software, which then
    controls the machine tool.

    CAM is used in many schools alongside Computer-Aided Design


    (CAD) to create objects.
    REFERENCES

    1) Creative Way
    2) Our Worthy Teachers
    3) https://www.google.co.in/

    4) http://www.easytuts4you.com/

    5) https://www.mysirg.com/

    6) https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/

    7) https://www.w3schools.com/

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