IDEAL GAS EQUATION

𝑷𝑽 𝒏𝑹𝑻
Where 𝑃 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑉 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑅 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 8.314
∙
𝑇 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

Here we write 𝑁 6.023 10 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠

So total number of molecules 𝑁 in sample,

𝑁 𝑛 𝑁
𝑁
∴𝑛
𝑁

Putting this in ideal gas equation

𝑁
𝑃𝑉 𝑅𝑇
𝑁
𝑅
∴ 𝑃𝑉 𝑁 𝑇
𝑁

∴ 𝑃𝑉 𝑁𝑘𝑇
Where 𝑘 𝐵𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 1.381 10

𝑛𝑅 𝑁𝑘
𝑅 𝑘
∴
𝑁 𝑛
 Boyle's Law

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas with constant mass is inversely
proportional to its volume provided the temperature of the gas is kept
constant.

Formula of Boyle's Law

Example 1: Figure (a) above shows

a capillary tube with a thread of
mercury 2cm long. The length of the
air trapped in the tube is 10cm.
Find the length of the trapped air if
the tube is inverted as shown in
figure (b). [Atmospheric pressure =
76cmHg]

Answer:

In case (a), the pressure of the gas

trapped in the capillary is equal to
the atmospheric pressure + the
pressure caused by the mercury
thread.

P1 = 76 + 2 = 78 cm Hg

V1 = 10cm

In case (b), the pressure of the gas trapped in the capillary is equal to the
atmospheric pressure - the pressure caused by the mercury thread.

P2 = 76 - 2 = 74 cm Hg

V2 = ?

By using Boyle's Law's formula

P1V1 = P2V2

(78)(10) = (74)V2

V2 = 10.54cm

The length of the trapped air in figure (b) is 10.54cm

Graph of Boyle's Law

According to Boyle's Law, gas pressure (P) is inversely proportional to the

volume of the gas (V) or P is directly proportional to 1/V.

Pressure Law

Pressure states that for a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of the gas is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature if the volume remains constant.
Formula of Pressure Law

Notes: The temperature must be the absolute temperature (Kelvin Scale)

A gas in a container with a constant volume has a pressure of 200,000Pa at

a temperature of 30oC. What is the pressure of the gas if the temperature is
increased to 60oC?

Answer:

At 30oC,

P1 = 200,000Pa

T1 = 30oC = 273 + 30= 303K

(Note: the temperature must be in Kelvin scale)

At 60oC,

P2 = ?

T2 = 60oC = 273 + 60 = 333K

By using the formula of Pressure Law,

Graph of Pressure Law

Pressure is directly proportional to the temperature.

Charle's Law

Charles’s Law states that for a fixed mass of gas, the volume of the gas is
directly proportional to the absolute temperature provided the pressure
remains constant.

Formula of Charle's Law

Notes: The temperature must be the absolute temperature (Kelvin Scale)

A balloon is filled with 2000cm3 of gas at 27oC. The balloon is immersed in

a container filled with water and the water is then heated. If the pressure in
the balloon remain constant, find the volume of the gas when its temperature
is 57oC.
Answer:

At 27oC,

V1 = 2000cm3

T1 = 27oC = 27 + 273 = 300K

At 57oC,

V2 = ?

T2 = 57oC = 57 + 273 = 330K

By using the formula of Charle's Law,

Graph of Charle's Law

Volume of gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.

Formula of Universal Gas Law

Question 1

A balloon contains 4 moles of an ideal gas with a volume of 5.0 L. If an

additional 8 moles of the gas is added at constant pressure and temperature,
what will be the final volume of the balloon?

Question 2

What is the density (in g/L) of a gas with a molar mass of 60 g/mol at 0.75
atm and 27 °C?

Question 3

A mixture of helium and neon gases is held in a container at 1.2 atmospheres.

If the mixture contains twice as many helium atoms as neon atoms, what is
the partial pressure of helium?

Question 4

4 moles of nitrogen gas are confined to a 6.0 L vessel at 177 °C and 12.0 atm.
If the vessel is allowed to expand isothermally to 36.0 L, what would be the
final pressure?

Question 5

A 9.0 L volume of chlorine gas is heated from 27 °C to 127 °C at constant

pressure. What is the final volume?

Question 6

The temperature of a sample of an ideal gas in a sealed 5.0 L container is

raised from 27 °C to 77 °C. If the initial pressure of the gas was 3.0 atm, what
is the final pressure?
Question 7

A 0.614 mole sample of ideal gas at 12 °C occupies a volume of 4.3 L. What

is the pressure of the gas?

Question 8

Helium gas has a molar mass of 2 g/mol. Oxygen gas has a molar mass of 32
g/mol. How much faster or slower would oxygen effuse from a small opening
than helium?

Question 9

What is the average velocity of nitrogen gas molecules at STP?

Molar mass of nitrogen = 14 g/mol

Question 10

A 60.0 L tank of chlorine gas at 27 °C and 125 atm springs a leak. When the
leak was discovered, the pressure was reduced to 50 atm. How many moles
of chlorine gas escaped?

Answers

1. 15 L

O
He

10. 187.5 moles