PAPER ASSIGNMENT

“ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE”

MEMBERS OF THE GROUP :

1. ALIF ZUHFA ANINDA
2. ALWI HARTONO
3. LATIFAH KURNIA SARI

COURSES : ENGLISH 1
SUPPORTING LECTURER :
MRS. ANNI NURUL HIDAYATI, S.Pd., M.Pd

NAHDLATUL ULAMA UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2019
 FOREWORD

Our gratitude extends the presence of Allah Almighty who has bestowed his grace, guidance and
inayah so that we can complete a paper entitled “Active and Passive Voice” as one of the
assignment of English course groups.
In completing this paper, we got so much guidance from various parties, for that I say many thanks
to anyone who helped in completing this paper.
Hopefully this paper can provide benefits in all forms of teaching and learning, so that it can
facilitate the achievement of national education goals. But this paper is still not perfect , so I hope
that criticsm and suggestions will make paper better

Surakarta, November 2019

Authors
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY
A. Background
B. Formulation Of The Problem
C. Writing Purpose
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A. Active and Passive Voice
B. Formula 16 Tenses
CHAPTER III CLOSING
A. Conclusions
B. Suggestions
C. References
 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY

A. Background
Passive voice is one of the sentences that is often used in English. Passive voice is also
found in Indonesian, for example eating becomes eaten, drinking becomes drunk. How to form
passive sentences is as follows : Changing the active obejct main verb in the passive form before
the subject, The verb used is verb 3 which is preceded to be, and Arranging the sentence to adjust
tenses. In English there are forms, namely : Present Passive Voice, Past Passive Voice, Future
Passive Voice, and Capital Auxiliary Passive Voice
B. Formulation Of The Problem
1. What are the definitions of active and passive voice
2. What are the active and passive voice formulas ?
3. How to apply active and passive voice into tenses ?
C. Writing Purpose
1. Know the definitions of active and passive voice
2. Know the formulas in active and passive voice
3. Knowing some examples of active and passive voice
4. Knowing the application of active and passive voice into tenses
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Active & Passive Voice

Active voice as a sentence where the subject does work, conversely, a passive voice as a sentence
where the subject is subject to work by the object of the sentence. Active voice is more often used
in daily life compared to passive voice. However, we often find passive voice in newspapers,
articles in magazines and scientific writings. Passive voice is used because the object of active
voice is more important information than the subject.

Example:
Active: We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
From this example we can see that:
The object of active voice (the soil) becomes the subject of passive voice

The subject of active voice (we) becomes the object of passive voice. Also note that there is a
change from the subject pronoun 'we' to the object pronoun 'us'. Verb1 (fertilize) on active voice
becomes verb3 (fertilized) on passive voice. He added be ‘is’ in front of verb3. Be used is
dependent on the subject passive voice and tenses used. (Note the passive voice patterns below).
Added the word 'by' behind verb3. However, if the object of passive voice is considered
unimportant or unknown, then the object is usually not stated and so is the word 'by'. Specifically
for progressive sentences (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, and past future perfect
continuous, it is necessary to add 'being' in front of verb3). If you don't add "being", the tensis will
change, not progressive / continuous anymore. Consider the examples in point h - o below.

Based on the six points above, the passive voice follows the following pattern:

Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Active and passive voice patterns in each tensis

A). If the active voice is simple present tense, then the 'be' passive voice is is, am or are.
Example:
Active: He meets them everyday.
Passive: They are met by him everyday.
Active: She waters this plant every two days.
Passive: This plant is watered by her every two days.

B). If the active voice is simple past tense, then the 'be' passive voice is was or were
Example:
Active: He met them yesterday
Passive: They were met by him yesterday
Active: She watered this plant this morning
Passive: This plant was watered by her this morning

C). If the active voice in the present perfect tense, then the 'be' passive voice is already placed
after the auxiliary has or has, so that it becomes 'has been' or 'have been'
Example:
Active: He has met them
Passive: They have been met by him
Active: She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive: This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

D). If the active voice in the past is perfect tense, then the ‘be’ passive voice is already placed
after the auxiliary had, so it had been
Example:
Active: He had them before I came.
Passive: They had been met by him before I came.
Active: She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive: This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

E). If the active voice is in simple future tense, then the ‘be’ passive voice is be
Example:
Active: He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive: They will be met by him tomorrow.
Active: She will water this plant this afternoon.
Passive: This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
Active: The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
Passive: The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

F). If the active voice in the future perfect tense, then the 'be' passive voice is already placed
after the auxiliary will have, so it will become 'will have been'
Example:
Active: He will have them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive: They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
Active: She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive: This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

G). If the active voice in the past future is perfect tense, then the 'be' passive voice is already
placed after the auxiliary would have, so it becomes 'would have been'.
Example:
Active: He would have met them.
Passive: They would have been met by him.
Active: She would have watered this plant.
Passive: This plant would have been watered by her.

H). If the active voice in the present continuous tense, then the 'be' passive voice is (is, am or
are) + being.
Example:
Active: He is meeting them now.
Passive: They are being met by him now.
Active: She is watering this plant now.
Passive: This plant is being watered by her now.

I). If the active voice in the past continuous tense, then the 'be' passive voice is (was or were)
+ being.
Example:
Active: He was meeting them.
Passive: They were being met by him.
Active: She was watering this plant.
Passive: This plant was being watered by her.

J). If the active voice is in perfect continuous tense, then the ‘be’ passive voice is (has / has)
been + being.
Example:
Active: He has been meeting them.
Passive: They have been being met by him.
Active: She has been watering this plant.
Passive: This plant has been being watered by her.

K). If the active voice in the past is perfect continuous tense, then the 'be' passive voice is had
been + being.
Example:
Active: He had been meeting them.
Passive: They had been being met by him.
Active: She had been watering this plant.
Passive: This plant had been watered by her.

L). If the active voice in the future continuous tense, then the 'be' passive voice is will be +
being.
Example:
Active: He will be meeting them.
Passive: They will be being met by him.
Active: She will be watering this plant.
Passive: This plant will be watered by her.

M). If the active voice in past future continuous tense, then the ‘be’ passive voice is would be
+ being.
Example:
Active: He would be meeting them.
Passive: They would be being met by him.
Active: She would be watering this plant.
Passive: This plant would be watered by her.
N). If the active voice in the future perfect continuous tense, then the 'be' passive voice is will
have been + being.
Example:
Active: He will have been meeting them.
Passive: They will have been being met by him.
Active: She will have been watering this plant.
Passive: This plant will have been watered by her.

O). If the active voice in the past future is perfect continuous tense, then the ‘be’ passive voice
is would have been + being.
Example:
Active: He would be meeting them.
Passive: They would be being met by him.
Active: She would be watering this plant.
Passive: This plant would be watered by her.

B. Formula 16 Tenses

 Verb
Verbs are a core part of English Tenses. Verbs or Verbs in Tenses formulas on this blog,
Verbs or Verbs I often just short V. So if V + ing means the same as Verb + ing, often I also write
it as "Ving" for easy.

 Verbs in English have many forms: V1, V2, V3, Ving.

Verbs 1 or I have a short form of V1, namely basic verbs, such as: drink, go, write, read,
participate, learn, study, and so on. There is a verb form 2, often I am short V2. The verb form 3
is yes V3. As well as the verb form ING or I briefly Ving. How do you use the verb forms? There
are in each English Tenses lesson.

 Change of Verb Form

Change the form of the verb form 1 (V1) to the second form (V2) and the third form (V2) there
are regular (there are formulas) and some are irregular (there is no formula).

 Regular Verbs:
It means that it has regular form, there is a formula for example added "D" or "ED" such
as: live - lived - lived, play, played, played. Although there are rules, there are still a number of
rules for the changes. The list of regular verbs is very long. I suggest you have an English Grammar
book even though it is small and simple, usually there. Do you want to write here one by one.

 Irregular Verbs:
For example the verb "drink" in a row for the form 1 to 3: drink-drank-drunk. One more
example: break-broken-broken. Do you still remember V1, V2, V3 and Ving? Don't forget what
that means, because it will often be used in every English tenses
1. Present Tense

a. Simple Present Tense (Simple Current Time)

Formula :
+} S + V1 + O / C
-} S + Do / does + not + V1 + O / C
?} Do / does + S + V1 + O / C
Example:
+} Sisca Reads book everyday
-} Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca read book everyday ?

Yes >> He does / No >>He doesn't

For I, We, You, They = do
He, She, It = Does

Example of sentences :
(+) She is a new people here.
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) She isn't a new people here.
(-) He doesn't play football every morning.
(?) Is she a new people here?
(?) How playing football every morning?

b. Present Continuous Tense (Time Lasts Now)

Explain an action that is ongoing at the present time.
Formula :
+} S + Be + V1 + ing + O / C >> +} They are playing badmintoon now
-} S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O / C >> -} They are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O / C >>? } Are they palaying badmintoon now?
Yes >> They are / no>> they are not
For I = am
They, we, you = are
He, She, It = Is

Example in the sentence:

(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn't playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.

c. Present Perfect Tense (Perfect Time Now)

Formula :
subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
Example:
(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome
(?) have you finished?

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Time Lasts Perfect Now)

Formula :
(+): S + have / has + been + Ving
(-): S + have / has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have / has + S + been + Ving
Example:
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn't been going to Malang since evening.
(-) We haven't been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Has she been going to Malang?
(?) Have he been riding a horse for three days?

2. Past Tense

a. Simple Past Tense (Simple Past Time)

Formula :
+} S + Be + Was / Were + O / C
-} S + Be + Was / Were + not + O / C
?} Be + Was / Were + S + O / C
Example:
+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday?

For I, He, She, It = Was

They, we, you = were

Example:
(+) I saw a good movie last night
(+) He came here last month
(-) I saw not a good movie last night
(-) He came not last month
(?) Saw I a good movie last night ?
(?) Came He here last month

b. Past Continuous Tense (Time Lasts Past)

Formula :
(+): S + was / were + Ving
(-): S + was / were + NOT + Ving
(?): Was / Were + S + Ving
Example:
(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week
(+) They were talking about sports when I met him
(-) He wasn't watching television all afternoon last week
(-) They weren't talking about sports when I met him
(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week
(?) Were they talking about sports when I met him

c. Past Perfect Tense

Formula :
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
(+): S + had + V3
(-): S + had + not + V3
(?): Had + S + V3
Example:
(+) When my brother arrived, I had painted my motor cycle
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) When my brother arrived, I hadn't painted my motor cycle
(-) The ship hadn't left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor cycle, when my brother arrived?
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Formula :
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + auxiliary verb BE + main verb
Example:
(+) They had been living there for two months
(+) When they washed my drees, your father had been playing badminton
(-) They hadn't been living there for two months
(-) When they washed my dress, your father hadn't been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two months?
(?) When they washed my dress, had your father been playing badminton?

3. Future Tense

a. Simple Future Tense

Formula :
subject + auxiliary verb WILL + main verb
Example:
(+) I will visit to Yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Netherlands the day after tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Netherlands the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

b. Future Continuous Tense Formula:

subject + auxiliary verb WILL + auxiliary verb BE + main verb
Example:
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not write a comic.
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be writing a comic?
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night?

c. Future Perfect Tense (The Perfect Time Is Coming)

Formula :
subject + auxiliary verb WILL + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
Example:
(+) Iwill have finishedby 10am.
(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-) Wewillnothaveleft.
(?) Willyou havearrived?
(?) Willthey havereceivedit?

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Formula :
subject + auxiliary verb WILL + auxiliary verb HAVE + auxiliary verb BE + main verb
Example:
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(+) He will have been listening to music.
(-) I wouldn't have read a news paper.
(-) He won't listen to music.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper?
(?) Will He have listening to music?

4. Past Future Tense (Coming in the Past)

a. Past Future Tense (The Time Will Come In The Past)

Formula :
Positive: S + would + V1
Negative: S + would + not + V1
Question: Would + S + V1
Example:
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn't come if invited him.
(-) They wouldn't buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He come if invited him?
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day?
b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Time Will Be Happen in the Past)
Formula :
Positive: S + would + be + ving
Negative: S + would + not + be + ving
Question: Would + S + be + Ving
Example:
(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o'clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn't be swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I wouldn't be sleeping at 10 o'clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day?
(?) Shall I be sleeping at 10 oclock tomorrow?

c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Time Will Be Over In The Past)

Formula :
Positive: S + would + have + V3
Negative: S + would + not + have + V3
Question: Would + S + have + V3
Example:
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.
(-) He wouldn't have gone if he had met his darling
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling?
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week?

d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(Time That Was Past On The Past)
Formula :
Positive: S + would + have + been + ving
Negative: S + would + not + have + been + ving
Question: Would + S + have + been + Ving
Example:
Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn't have been walking here for seventeen years
(-) Rianawati wouldn't have been speaking English for two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion

Transitive verbs have two voices (grammatical variety), namely active voice (active) and passive voice
(passive). The active voice sentence is the subject that does the work while the passive voice sentence is
the subject that is at work. Some things that need to be considered in changing the form of active voice
sentences to the form of a passive voice sentence are the change in tenses and also the time signatures.

B. Suggestions
We must be careful in determining or working on problems about passive voice or active voice, because in
this case more knowledge about tenses and time signals must be required. In English, the pattern of passive
voice forms greatly influences the pronunciation of English sentences, so this lesson can help in solving the
problem.
C. References
https://simba-corp.blogspot.com/2013/08/active-and-passive-voice.html?m=1