Reduction-Oxidation Reactions and Electrochemistry

1. In recitation, you studied the electrochemistry involved in the "fruit

clock". If an orange is used to power the fruit clock, which of the
following statements is TRUE?
a. Free electrons flow through the orange to maintain electrical
neutrality.
b. The orange allows the Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions produced in the reaction
to mix thereby maintaining electrical neutrality.
c. The orange functions as the anode.
d. The orange functions as the salt bridge by maintaining electrical
neutrality.
e. The acids present in the orange are oxidized at the anode to
produce hydrogen gas.
2. Which of the following reactions IS a reduction-oxidation reaction?
a. formation of N2 in automobile airbags: 2NaN3(s) --> 2Na(l) +
3N2(g)
b. combustion of propane in a gas grill: C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) -->
3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
c. decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by light: 2H2O2(aq)
--> 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
d. All of these are reduction-oxidation reactions.
e. None of these are reduction-oxidation reactions.
3. Which of the following metals could be used successfully to galvanize
iron?
a. Ni
b. Cu
c. Sn
d. Co
e. Mn
4. Calculate the standard cell potential (in V) for the following reaction at
25oC.

2Cr(s) + 3Ni2+(aq) --> 2Cr3+(aq) + 3Ni(s)

5. The layer of zinc on a piece of galvanized iron can be removed by

placing it in a concentrated solution of acid. Calculate the standard cell
potential (in V) for this reaction.
6. A beaker contains a small amount of gold dust (Au(s)). Which of the
following aqueous solutions, when added to the beaker, would dissolve
the gold dust (i.e., convert Au(s) to Au3+(aq))?
a. Cr2O72- (acidic solution)
b. H2O2 (acidic solution)
c. Br2
d. Zn2+
e. Al3+
7. Which of the following statements best describes what will happen when
liquid bromine (Br2) is poured into a beaker containing aluminum metal?
a. Br2 will be reduced; Al will be oxidized
b. Br2 will be oxidized; Al will be reduced
c. Br2 will function as the reducing agent; Al will function as the
oxidizing agent
d. A reaction will not occur.
e. It is impossible to tell.
8. Consider the following galvanic cell reaction at 25oC,

4Cr2+(aq) + O2(g) + 4H3O+(aq) --> 4Cr3+(aq) + 6H2O(l)

Which of the following statements best describes what would happen to

the cell potential if the concentration of Cr2+ is increased?

a. The cell potential would become less positive.

b. The cell potential would become more positive.
c. The cell potential would remain the same.
d. It is impossible to tell.
9. Which of the following half-reactions is involved in the STANDARD
HYDROGEN ELECTRODE?
a. Pt2+(aq) + 2e- --> Pt(s)
b. 2H3O+(aq) + 2e- --> 2H2O(l) + H2(g)
c. H2O2(aq) + 2H3O+(aq) + 2e- --> 4H2O(l)
d. O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e- --> 4OH-(aq)
e. None of the above.
10. A concentration cell containing aqueous solutions of Cu(NO3)2 and solid
copper metal is constructed so that the Cu2+ ion concentration in the
cathode half-cell is 0.66 M. Calculate the concentration of the Cu2+ ion in
the anode half-cell if the cell potential for the concentration cell at 25oC
is 0.034 V.
11.Consider a galvanic cell based on the following overall reaction,

Fe(s) + 2Ag+(aq) --> Fe2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)

 Calculate the cell potential (in V) for this reaction at 25oC when the
concentration of Ag+ ions is 0.050 M and the concentration of Fe2+ ions
is 1.50 M.

12. Which of the following metal ions will plate out on a piece of galvanized
iron which has NOT had the layer of Zn metal removed?
a. Cu2+
b. Au3+
c. Ni2+
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
13.Which of the following best explains why concentration cells must be
run under non-standard conditions in order for them to do electrical
work?
a. A concentration cell can only do electrical work when either NH3
or NaOH is added to one of the half-cells.
b. A concentration cell cannot do electrical work at 25oC.
c. The change in free energy for a concentration cell is always
negative under standard conditions.
d. A concentration cell has a cell potential equal to zero under
standard conditions.
e. A concentration cell can only do electrical work when the cell is
run under standard conditions.
14. Which of the following statements about a salt bridge in a voltaic cell is
TRUE?
a. Free electrons flow through the salt bridge to maintain electrical
neutrality in the two half-cells.
b. The salt bridge allows the ions present in the two half-cells to mix
extensively.
c. The wire must be connected directly to the salt bridge in order for
the salt bridge to be able to maintain electrical neutrality in the
two half-cells.
d. In some cases, a salt bridge functions as the anode.
e. Ions from the electrolyte in the salt bridge flow into each half-cell
to maintain electrical neutrality.
15.Which of the following reactions can be used to construct a voltaic cell?
a. H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq) <==> 2H2O(l)
b. HF(g) + H2O(l) <==> H3O+(aq) + F-(aq)
c. Cu2+(aq) + 4F-(aq) <==> CuF42-(aq)
d. O2(g) + 4H3O+(aq) + 4I-(aq) <==> 2I2(aq) + 6H2O(l)
e. 2NO2(g, nitrogen dioxide) <==> N2O4(g, dinitrogen tetroxide)
16.Consider the following standard reduction potentials,

half reaction Eo, V

Fe3+(aq) + e- <==> Fe2+(aq) 0.77
- -
H2O2(aq) + 2e <==> 2OH (aq) 0.88
2+
17. For the voltaic cell reaction below, calculate the Fe concentration (in
M) that would be needed to produce a cell potential equal to 0.16 V at
25oC when (OH-) = 0.10 M, (Fe3+) = 0.50 M and (H2O2) = 0.35 M.
18. 2Fe2+(aq) + H2O2(aq) --> 2Fe3+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
19.Consider the following standard reduction potentials,

half reaction E o, V
Ni2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Ni(s) -0.23
Co2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Co(s) -0.28
Fe2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Fe(s) -0.41
Cr3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Cr(s) -0.74
2+ -
Mn (aq) + 2e <==> Mn(s) -1.03
20.which of the following metals could be used successfully to galvanize
steel?
a. Ni only
b. Ni and Co
c. Fe only
d. Mn only
e. Mn and Cr
21.Consider the following standard reduction potentials,

half reaction Eo, V

Ag+(aq) + e- <==> Ag(s) 0.800
- -
AgI(s) + e <==> Ag(s) + I (aq) -0.164
22. Calculate the value of the solubility product equilibrium constant, Ksp, at
25oC for silver iodide (AgI).
23. AgI(s) <==> Ag+(aq) + I-(aq)
24. Which of the following is TRUE for an operating voltaic cell?
a. G>0;E=0
b. G<0;E<0
c. G=0;E>0
d. G=0;E=0
e. G<0;E>0
25.Consider the following standard reduction potentials,

half reaction Eo, V

Cu2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Cu(s) 0.34
MnO4-(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 3e- <==> MnO2(s) + 4OH-(aq) 0.59
O2(g) + 2H3O+(aq) + 2e- <==> H2O2(aq) + 2H2O(l) 0.68
26.and the following redox reactions,

27.i. H2O2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cu2+(aq) <==> O2<(g) + 2H3O+(aq) + Cu(s)

28.
29.ii. 2MnO4-(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 3Cu(s) <==> 3Cu2+(aq) + 2MnO2(s) +
8OH-(aq)
30.
31.iii. 2MnO4-(aq) + 10H2O(l) + 3H2O2(aq) <==> 3O2(g) + 6H3O+(aq) +
2MnO2(s) + 8OH-(aq)

32.Which of the redox reactions above will be spontaneous under standard

conditions?
a. i only
b. ii only
c. i and iii
d. ii and iii
e. None of these.
33. In recitation, you saw that silver tarnish (Ag2S(s)) can be converted to
silver metal (Ag(s)) by placing the tarnished silver piece in a dilute
solution of baking soda contained in an aluminum pan. The following
half-reactions are thought to be involved,

Ag2S(s) + 2H3O+(aq) + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + H2S(g) + 2H2O(l)

Al3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Al(s)

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. As the silver piece is being cleaned, H3O+ ions are produced and
H2S gas is consumed.
b. It is necessary that the silver piece and the aluminum pan touch so
that electrons can be transferred.
c. As the silver piece is being cleaned, Al3+ ions in the solution are
reduced to Al metal.
d. The silver piece being cleaned functions as the anode.
 e. All of the above are TRUE.
34. Calculate the cell potential (in V) at 25oC for a copper concentration cell
in which the Cu2+ concentration in one half-cell is equal to 0.050 M and
the Cu2+ concentration in the other half-cell is equal to 1.5 M. Note: the
number of moles of electrons transferred is equal to 2.
35.Which of the following is a correctly balanced oxidation/reduction
reaction.
a. Fe2+ + Au3+ <=> Fe3+ + Au
b. 2 Fe2+ + Au3+ <=> 2 Fe3+ + Au
c. Fe2+ + 3 Au3+ <=> Fe3+ + 3 Au
d. 3 Fe2+ + Au3+ <=> 3 Fe3+ + Au
e. The correct response is not given.
36. In acid solution, dichromate ion oxidizes ferrous iron to ferric iron as
illustrated in the partial equation:

Fe2+ + Cr2O72- <=> Fe3+ + Cr3+

When this equation is balanced, the right side of the equation will be as
follows:

a. <=> Fe3+ + 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O

b. <=> 6 Fe3+ + 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O
c. <=> 3 Fe3+ + 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O
d. <=> Fe3+ + 2 Cr3+ + H2O
e. The correct response is not given.
37. You have observed all of the reactions listed below. Which of these
reactions IS a reduction-oxidation reaction?
a. HCl(aq) + H2O(l) --> H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
b. Fe2O3(s, iron oxide) + 2Al(s) --> 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s, aluminum
oxide)
c. Cu2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq) --> Cu(NH3)42+(aq)
d. NH4NO3(s, ammonium nitrate) --> NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
e. None of these is a reduction-oxidation reaction.
38. In an electrochemical process called "electrolysis", H2 gas and O2 gas
can be obtained by passing an electric current through liquid water,

2H2O(l) --> 2H2(g) + O2(g)

Which species is the OXIDIZING AGENT and which species is the

REDUCING AGENT in this reaction, respectively?

a. H2O(l) ; H2(g)
 b. O2(g) ; H2O(l)
c. H2O(l) ; H2O(l)
d. O2(g) ; H2(g)
e. H2(g) ; H2O(l)
39. In recitation, you saw that silver tarnish (Ag2S(s)) can be converted to
silver metal (Ag(s)) by placing the tarnished silver piece in a dilute
solution of baking soda contained in an aluminum pan. The following
half-reactions are involved,

Ag2S(s) + 2H3O+(aq) + 2e- --> 2Ag(s) + H2S(g) + 2H2O(l)

Al3+(aq) + 3e- --> Al(s)

Which of the following is the correct overall balanced equation for the
reaction?

a. Ag2S + 2H3O+ + Al --> 2Ag + H2S + Al3+ + 2H2O

b. 6Ag + 3H2S + 6H2O + 2Al3+ --> 2Al + 3Ag2S + 6H3O+
c. Ag2S + Al --> Ag + Al3+
d. 2Al + 3Ag2S + 6H3O+ --> 6Ag + 3H2S + 6H2O + 2Al3+
e. Ag2S + 2H3O+ + Al --> 2Ag + H2S + 2H2O + Al3+ + e-
40. Which of the following statements about porous disks in voltaic cells is
TRUE?
a. Free electrons flow through the porous disk to maintain electrical
neutrality in the two half-cells.
b. Ions present in the two half-cells flow through the porous disk to
maintain electrical neutrality in both half-cells.
c. A porous disk contains a strong electrolyte like potassium
chloride (KCl).
d. The wire must be connected directly to the porous disk in order
for the porous disk to be able to maintain electrical neutrality in
the two half-cells.
e. In some cases, a porous disk functions as the cathode.
41.In the Standard Hydrogen Electrode, a platinum wire is used as the
electrode. Consider the following standard reduction potentials,

half reaction E o, V
Zn (aq) + 2e- --> Zn(s)
2+
-0.76
2H3O+(aq) + 2e- --> 2H2O(l) + H2(g) 0.00
Pt2+(aq) + 2e- --> Pt(s) 1.20
42.Which of the following statements best describes what would happen if
the platinum wire in the Standard Hydrogen Electrode were replaced
with a zinc wire? Note: assume that this is the only change made to the
half-cell.
a. Zinc ion in the solution would be reduced; the mass of the zinc
electrode would increase.
b. The pH of the solution would decrease.
c. The zinc electrode would be oxidized; the mass of the zinc
electrode would decrease.
d. This change would have no effect - the Standard Hydrogen
Electrode would continue to function properly.
e. It is impossible to tell.
43.In recitation, you examined a diagram of a voltaic cell constructed from
zinc and copper in which a tube containing a porous disk and a solution
of KCl was placed in each half-cell (recall, the two tubes were not
connected). Which of the following statements best describes why this
cell has a cell potential of 0.00 V?
a. The sum of the zinc and copper half-cell potentials is equal to
0.00 V.
b. Electrical neutrality cannot be maintained in the half-cells and the
KCl tubes.
c. All voltaic cells which use zinc in one of the half-cells have a cell
potential of 0.00 V.
d. The tubes needed to contain a weak electrolyte, like AgCl, in
order for the cell to function.
e. There was not enough information given to solve the problem.
44. Which of the following statements best describes what will happen when
magnesium metal is added to an aqueous solution containing 1.0 M
ferric ion (Fe3+) at 25oC?

half reaction Eo, V

Mg2+(aq) + 2e- --> Mg(s) -2.375
3+ -
Fe (aq) + 3e --> Fe(s) -0.036
3+
a. Mg(s) will be oxidized; Fe (aq) will be reduced; the standard cell
potential will be 2.339 V.
b. Mg(s) will be oxidized; Fe3+(aq) will be reduced; the standard cell
potential will be -2.339 V.
c. Fe3+(aq) will be oxidized; Mg(s) will be reduced; the standard cell
potential will be -2.339 V.
 d. Fe3+(aq) will be oxidized; Mg(s) will be reduced; the standard cell
potential will be 2.339 V.
e. There is not enough information given to answer the question.
45.In recitation, you explored the electrochemistry of the "fruit clock".
Which of the following statements best describes why the clock
functions best when citrus fruits (i.e., lemons, oranges, limes, etc.) are
used?
a. Citrus fruits work best because they are often brightly colored.
b. Only fruits and vegetables that grow on trees can be used to power
the fruit clock.
c. Citrus fruits contain very high concentrations of copper ion.
d. Acid is a product in one of the half-reactions involved.
e. Acid is a reactant in one of the half-reactions involved.
46.Suppose you have been given the task of selecting a metal to be used as
the sacrificial anode for the cathodic protection of a buried iron fuel
tank. Considering the following standard reduction potentials,

half reaction E o, V
Pd2+(aq) + 2e- --> Pd(s) 0.99
Ag+(aq) + e- --> Ag(s) 0.80
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- --> Cu(s) 0.34
Ni2+(aq) + 2e- --> Ni(s) -0.23
2+ -
Fe (aq) + 2e --> Fe(s) -0.41
47.which of the following metals could be used as the sacrificial anode in
this application?
a. Pd
b. Ag
c. Cu
d. Ni
e. None of these.
48.In lecture, one area of current research in electrochemistry was
described: the development of improved batteries for use in electric cars.
Which of the following properties of batteries are researchers currently
trying to improve?
a. range (the number of miles that can be driven before the batteries
must be recharged)
b. cost
c. lifetime (the number of times the batteries can be recharged before
they must be replaced)
d. recharge time (the time required to fully recharge the batteries)
 e. Researchers are currently trying to improve all of the above.
49. Use the Standard Reduction Potentials given below to calculate Kf for
Zn(NH3)42+ at 25oC.

Zn2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq) <==> Zn(NH3)42+(aq), Kf = ??

half reaction Eo, V

Zn(NH3)42+(aq) + 2e- <==> Zn(s) + 4NH3(aq) -1.04
Zn2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Zn(s) -0.76

50. The cell potential for the electrochemical reaction shown below depends
upon the Cl- and Cu2+ concentrations. Calculate the cell potential (in V)
at 25oC if [Cu2+] = 3.5 M and [Cl-] = 1.7 M. Note: the number of moles
of electrons transported in this reaction is equal to 2.

Cu2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + 2Ag(s) --> Cu(s) + 2AgCl(s), Eo = 0.12 V

51.Consider the following standard reduction potentials,

half reaction E o, V
I3-(aq) + 2e- --> 3I-(aq) 0.53
3+ - 2+
Cr (aq) + e --> Cr (aq) -0.41
o o
52. Calculate G (in kJ) for the following reaction at 25 C.
53. Cr2+(aq) + I3-(aq) --> Cr3+(aq) + I-(aq)
54. In which of the following reactions does the oxidation number of the
sulfur atom NOT CHANGE?
a. 3S2- + 8H+ + 2NO3- (nitrate ion) --> 2NO + 3S + 4H2O
b. 2SO2 (sulfur dioxide) + O2 --> 2SO3 (sulfur trioxide)
c. 2H2S + 3O2 --> 2SO2 (sulfur dioxide) + 2H2O
d. S8 + 8O2 --> 8SO2 (sulfur dioxide)
e. SO2 (sulfur dioxide) + H2O --> H2SO3 (sulfurous acid)
55. Which of the following reactions IS a reduction-oxidation reaction?
a. NH3(aq) + H2O(l) --> NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
b. Cu2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq) --> Cu(NH3)42+(aq)
c. AgF(s) --> Ag+(aq) + F-(aq)
d. 2Cu+(aq) --> Cu2+(aq) + Cu(s)
e. 2NO2(g, nitrogen dioxide) --> N2O4(g, dinitrogen tetroxide)
56.Which of the following statements explains why a definition of standard
state conditions is needed in electrochemistry?
a. Cell potentials vary with concentration.
 b. Cell potentials vary with temperature.
c. Cell potentials vary with partial pressures of gases.
d. Responses (a) and (c) are correct.
e. Responses (a), (b) and (c) are all correct.
57.Consider the following reaction and standard cell potential,

Ni2+(aq) + 6NH3(aq) --> Ni(NH3)62+(aq), Eo = +0.25 V

Which of the following best describes what would happen in a solution

that initially contains 1.0 M Ni2+, 0.01 M NH3 and 6.0 M Ni(NH3)62+ at
25oC? (Assume that the number of moles of electrons transported in this
reaction is equal to 2.)

a. The concentrations of both Ni2+ and NH3 would decrease and the
concentration of Ni(NH3)62+ would increase.
b. The concentrations of both Ni2+ and NH3 would increase and the
concentration of Ni(NH3)62+ would decrease.
c. The concentration of Ni(NH3)62+ would decrease, the
concentration of NH3 would increase and the concentration of Ni2+
would remain the same.
d. The concentrations of Ni2+, NH3 and Ni(NH3)62+ would all remain
the same.
e. It is impossible to tell.
58.Consider the following standard reduction potentials,

half reaction Eo, V

Ca2+ + 2e- --> Ca -2.76
Pb2+ + 2e- --> Pb -0.13
Cu2+ + 2e- --> Cu +0.34
2+ -
Hg2 + 2e --> Hg +0.80
2+ -
Pt + 2e --> Pt +1.20
59. Which of the following metals is the strongest REDUCING AGENT?
a. Ca
b. Pb
c. Cu
d. Hg
e. Pt
60.Consider the following standard reduction potentials,
 half reaction E o, V
Fe2+ + 2e- --> Fe -0.4090
Ag+ + e- --> Ag 0.7996
O2 + 2H2O + 4e- --> 4OH- +0.4010
61.Which of the following statements best describes what would happen if a
block of silver metal were connected to a buried iron pipe via a wire
(i.e., as in a cathodic protection process).
a. The silver metal would corrode, a current would be produced in
the wire, and O2 would be reduced on the surface of the iron pipe.
b. The silver metal would corrode, a current would be produced in
the wire, and Fe2+ would be reduced on the surface of the iron
pipe.
c. The iron pipe would corrode, a current would be produced in the
wire, and Ag+ would be reduced on the surface of the silver metal.
d. The iron pipe would corrode, no current would be produced in the
wire, and O2 would be reduced on the surface of the iron pipe.
e. Neither the iron pipe nor the silver metal would be oxidized but
O2 would be reduced.
62.Consider the following reduction-oxidation reaction,

Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) --> Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq), Eo = +1.10 V

When the components of the two half-reactions involved in this reaction

are correctly separated, this reaction can be used to do electrical work
and the change in internal energy of the system decreases. Which of the
following statements best describes what will happen if Zn(s) is added to
a solution containing Cu2+(aq) at constant volume at 25oC?

a. The reaction will occur and the temperature of the solution will
increase.
b. The reaction will occur and the temperature of the solution will
decrease.
c. The reaction will occur and the temperature of the solution will
remain the same.
d. The reaction will not occur and the temperature of the solution
will remain the same.
e. The reaction will not occur but the temperature of the solution
will increase.
63.Using the following standard reduction potentials,
 half reaction Eo, V
Cl2 + 2e- --> 2Cl- +1.36
Cr3+ + 3e- --> Cr -0.74
64. calculate Go (in kJ) for the reaction,
65. 3Cl2 + 2Cr --> 6Cl- + 2Cr3+
66. Use the following information to answer the next four (4) questions.
67. A galvanic cell is constructed from a half cell containing a solid copper
electrode in 1.0 M Cu(NO3)2 solution and a half cell containing a solid
aluminum electrode in 1.0 M Al(NO3)3 solution at standard conditions.
The half cells are linked by an external circuit and by a KCl salt bridge.
68.The balanced overall (net) cell reaction for a spontaneous process is:
a. Cu(s) + Al3+(aq) --> Cu2+(aq) + Al(s)
b. 3 Cu(s) + 2 Al3+(aq) --> 3 Cu2+(aq) + 2 Al(s)
c. 3 Cu2+(aq) + 2 Al(s) --> 3 Cu(s) + 2 Al3+(aq)
d. Cu2+(aq) + Al(s) --> Cu(s) + Al3+(aq)
e. The reaction is not spontaneous.
69.Which of the following statements is TRUE about this cell?
a. The aluminum electrode is the anode; the copper electrode is the
cathode.
b. The electrons flow from the copper electrode to the aluminum
electrode.
c. The cell diagram is |Cu solid|Cu2+, 1.0 M|salt bridge|Al solid|Al3+,
1.0 M|
d. G is greater than zero.
e. S is the driving force of this reaction.
70.This cell generates a standard potential of:
a. +1.32 V
b. -2.00 V
c. -1.32 V
d. +2.00 V
e. The cell is at equilibrium.
71. An expression for the equilibrium constant of this reaction at 25oC is:
a. e205
b. e298
c. e467
d. e831
e. e965
72.You have installed a new hot water heater in your house, and you notice
that the iron tank has a large metal bar bolted to it on the inside. You
conclude that this bar is a sacrificial anode and that it could be made of:
 a. Ag
b. Ni
c. Pb
d. Sn
e. Mg
73.We used copper and zinc electrodes stuck in an apple to run a small
clock. Which of the following statements must be TRUE?
a. The zinc strip was the anode.
b. The apple was the salt bridge.
c. Ecell > 0.
d. G < 0.
e. All of these statements are true.