IEEE ICC 2009

Workshop on Green Communications

Dresden, Germany – June 2009

Green Communications –
Management Included
Dr. Douglas N. Zuckerman
Telcordia Technologies (Ret.)
w2xd@aol.com
From
NOMS 2008 - Salvador, BRAZIL - April 2008
“Outrageous Opinion” Session

Green Network Operations

and Management
Dr. Douglas N. Zuckerman
Telcordia Technologies (Ret.)
w2xd@aol.com
World Class Global Drivers

It is cool to save the planet

Current protocols are energy intensive –
not cool

Other industries are “going green” (e.g.,
transportation, lodging, utilities) – why not
NOM?

Network Management can make a
difference

3
We need a Green Protocol

Selection criteria

Reduce carbon footprint by at least 10%

Backwards compatible with CMIP, SNMP and all
other protocols

Freely available via open source (e.g., “back of
truck” and “off the shelf”)

Two main contenders

SIPP – Simple Integrated Protocol of Protocols

SLURP – Simple Logical Ubiquitous
Reconfigurable Protocol

4
 SIPP vs. SLURP
Uses refined “sipping tea” Uses powerful “slurping
paradigm soup” paradigm
Offers “protocol of Offers quasi-infinite set of
protocols” “reconfigurable” protocols
“Simple” is in the name “Simple” and “Logical” are in
the name
Batteries not included Batteries included

SIPP available 12/7 (e.g., as SLURP available 24/7 (e.g.,

at Starbucks) – with COFF- as at 7-11) - stand alone as
ee SLURP-ee

5
Next Steps

SIPP vs. SLURP is our generation’s SNMP vs.
CMIP

IM 2009 (at least) must prepare to catalyze the
Green Protocol

Include Technology Centers for SIPP & SLURP

Invite key SIPP & SLURP experts to actively participate

Plan for double number of attendees

Encourage incredible SDOs to get involved in
standardizing the Green Protocol

6
Conclusion

The NOMS/IM community can help save
the planet by creating a Green Protocol

SIPP and SLURP hold the most promise
for our generation (and those to come…)

This could be the biggest – and most
audacious – undertaking to hit NM since
“CMIP vs. SNMP”

Are we up to it?
7
Disclaimer
The views are solely that of the author and
have not had any peer (or even non-peer)
review. Real protocols were not used, and
any resemblance or relationship to such
was purely coincidental and unintentional.
Live animals were not used. Do not try at
home.
[End of NOMS 2008 Presentation]

8
Industry Activities in Energy
Efficient Networking

Have started to see entities such as the
Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF)
considering energy efficient networking

The following slides were originally
presented at an OIF meeting by its
president (Hans-Martin Foisel)

Source: Optical Internetworking Forum 9

Motivation #1

With the broadband initiatives of multiple carriers around the world
the power consumption in telecommunication increases significantly

Power consumption and the related heat dissipation will become
more and more a critical factor of

Communication networks

IT facilities

Data centers

High performance network elements

Efficient power design enable

OPEX reductions

Increase of performance/reliability

10
Motivation #2

Estimated distribution of global CO2 emissions from ICTs

Source: Source: Kumar, Rakesh and Mieritz, Lars (2007) “Conceptualizing “Green IT” and data
centre power and cooling issues”, Gartner Research Paper No. G00150322

11
Motivation #3
Magic formula to convince end customers

115 watts (Sleep mode, standby,..)

x 24 hours x 365 days
= 1000 Kwatt-hour (1 Mwatt-hour)
x € 0.10 = € 100
Source: ETSI Green Agenda

12
 LCA: Life Cycle Assessment

Raw materials & Fabrication Use phase End of life

chemicals Transports Products energy consumption Collection /
Manufacturing & office Office & manufacturing sites Offices & stores treatment
sites Business travel Vehicle fleet Recycling of metals
Transports Landfill
Resource depletion

Source: Ericsson

13
 Holistic Approach for Power Saving Opportunities for ICT in the Use
Phase
Access Network
Home
Network
End devices
Power efficient end devi-
ces with significant lower
power consumption;
intelligent sleep mode
(fast wake up); reduction
of functions in the end
device, shifting functions
into the network  Thin
Clients
Source: Piet Demeester
Access Aggregation
Core Network
Application/
Content Server
Energy reduction
solutions e.g. Power
High sharing ratio of pro- management based on
fessional servers; power usage, e.g. day – night
Power adaptive access profiles, usage profiles
network; guarantees management of servers
always basic communi- based on usage; off-
cations; adaptive power loading end devices from
control of components application/graphical pro-
based on communication cessing and content sto-
requirements; power rage; optimized content
efficient architecture and allocation among servers
technology
14
Power Consumption Reduction in Access Networks
WirelineAccess Network Technologies
NT APL Cabinet Office
Access
Network
Reference
First Mile

ADSL2/ 2+

FTTCab
+ VDSL

FTTB
+ VDSL

FTTH

xDSL Optical

Source: Christoph Lange et al., OFCNFOEC 2008, paper JWA105

15
Energy Efficient Networking #1
EU Standby Initiative:

Code of Conduct for Data Centers

Code of Conduct for Digital TV Services

Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband
Communication Equipment

Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies

Code of Conduct on AC Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)

Formore information please see:

http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative.htm

16
Energy Efficient Networking #2
Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband
Equipment, Draft Version 3, Issue 11 – 23 June 2008, issued
by the European Commission, JRC, Institute for the
Environment and Sustainability, Renewable Energies Unit

Total European consumption of up to 50 TWh per year can be
estimated for the year 2015

With the implementation of this Code of Conduct the (max) electricity
consumption could be limited to 25 TWh per year, this is equivalent
to total saving of about € 7.5 Billions per year

Code of Conduct covers customer premises (CPE, ONT) and
network (xDSL, OLT) equipment and sets targets for 2009..11

For more information please see:
http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative_bro
adband%20communication.htm

17
Energy Efficient Networking #3
Europe: Energy Efficiency Through ICT
First focus on three areas:

Power grid

Lighting

Buildings
EC will encourage the ICT industry to cut its own emissions and create
products and services that can benefit the E.U.'s environmental
footprint
 Without widespread action, the E.U.'s energy use is expected to rise
25 percent by 2012

For more information please see:
http://www.climatebiz.com/news/2008/05/14/european-union-
promote-ict-energy-efficiency

18
Energy Efficient Networking #4
Energy Star Initiative:
ENERGY STAR is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy aiming at
saving money and protect the environment through energy efficient
products and practices

Results are already adding up. Americans, with the help of
ENERGY STAR, saved enough energy in 2007 alone to avoid
greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from 27 million cars
— all while saving $16 billion on their utility bills

Setup of programs for private homes and businesses

Setup a cooperation with EC Standby Initiative

For more information please see: http://www.energystar.gov/

19
Energy Efficiency and
Standardization Bodies
Energy Efficiency and Standardization
Bodies
Energy efficiency is a topic which can be found at
every international standardization level, e.g.:

ISO, IEC

ITU-T

ETSI

IEEE

ATIS

Source: http://www.leonardo-energy.org/drupal/standards-ETSI_ITUT

21
ITU-T
ITU Symposia on ICTs and Climate Change

Kyoto, Japan, 15-16 April 2008, MIC

London, UK, 17-18 June 2008, BT

For more information please see: http://www.itu.int/ITU-
T/worksem/climatechange/index.html

ITU-T SG15, Power saving tutorials, Feb 13-15, 2008; Strategic issues
for ITU-T:

Assessment of existing and new ITU-T Rec. in the light of climate
change

Identifying requirements for further ICT standardization work and
gaps in current portfolio of Rec.

Setting target for reductions of greenhouse gases that can be
achieved by using ICTs, incl. through implementation of ITU-T Recs.

Source: ITU-T and Climate Change,

Dr Tim Kelly, Head, Standardization
Policy Division (ITU-T)

22
IEEE
Energy Efficient Ethernet - IEEE P802.3az objectives

Define a mechanism to reduce power consumption during periods of low
link utilization for the following PHYs

100BASE-TX (Full Duplex)

1000BASE-T (Full Duplex)

10GBASE-T

10GBASE-KR

10GBASE-KX4

Define a protocol to coordinate transitions to or from a lower level of power
consumption

The link status should not change as a result of the transition

No frames in transit shall be dropped or corrupted during the transition to
and from the lower level of power consumption

The transition time to and from the lower level of power consumption
should be transparent to upper layer protocols and applications

Any new twisted-pair and/or backplane PHY for EEE shall include legacy
compatible auto negotiation

23
IEEE: Energy Efficient Ethernet Roadmap

For more information please see: http://www.ieee802.org/3/az/index.html

24
ETSI

ETSI Green Agenda is one of the ETSI strategic topics for 2008

ETSI will implement the ISO 14001:2004 and 14004:2004 standards

ISO 14001 - The Environmental Management Standards

ETSI Environmental Engineering (EE)

'DTR/EE-00002 Work Item‘ TR 102 530, reduction of energy
consumption in telecommunications equipment and related
infrastructure

'DTR/EE-00004' Work Item; TR 102 532, use of alternative energy
sources in telecommunication installations

DTS/EE-00005' Work Item ; TS 102 533, Energy consumption in BB
Telecom Network Equipment

'DTS/EE-00006' Work Item, Environmental consideration for
equipment installed in outdoor location

ETSI Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM)

'DTR/ATTM-06002' Work Item: Power Optimization for xDSL
transceivers

For more information please see: www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-
t/oth/06/0F/T060F0000090032PDFE.pdf
Source: ETSI Green Agenda, Bernard Dugerdil

25
ATIS: NIPP
Network Interface, Power, and Protection Committee

ATIS starts a “Green Initiative” beginning 2008

“Green” activities are focused in NIPP; specific standards activities:

Power consumption reduction through energy efficiency improvements.
Goal: Produce a document or suite of documents that may be used by
Service Providers to assess the true energy needs of telecom
equipment

Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic
equipment (RoHS):

Pb-Free Acceptance Criteria for Modules

Pb-Free Acceptance Criteria for Pb-Free Assemblies

Accelerated Pb-Free Robustness Check

Reducing power consumption for DSL modems. Investigating methods
to reduce power consumption for DSL modems at both the network and
customer ends of the line

For more information please see: http://www.atis.org/0050/index.asp

26
TIA:Green Initiative

EIA starts a “Green Initiative” beginning 2008 –
EIATRACK

Highlights include:

Key product compliance issues such as Take-back, Batteries, Restricted
Substances, Design for Environment and Packaging

More than 1,500 pieces of legislation tracked from proposal through
implementation

Coverage in all major regions of Europe, Asia Pacific, North America and South
America

Accurate, up-to-date content provided by a wide range of internationally-based
legal and technical subject-matter experts.

WEEE and RoHS expertise in Europe and other jurisdictions

For more information please see: http://tiaonline.org/environment/

27
Positioning attempt of the OIF in the
Energy Efficient Network Activity Area

“Green” strategy of the OIF

Scan the OIF IAs with respect to the EEN aspects

ASON/GMPLS control plane  increasing network efficiency 
increasing its energy efficiency; supports capability to chose the
most energy efficient network layer for transporting data;

PLL: Energy efficient 40GE/100GE interface aspects, e.g.
comparison of multi-lane and serial interfaces, optical and
electrical interfaces, …  support and work on the most EEN
solutions

MA&E activity

Others?

28
Source: OFC/NFOEC 2009 presentation by Bill St. Arnaud
PROMPT – Next Generation Internet to
Reduce Global Warming
 Research on router, optical, W/W-less and
distributed computing architectures,
applications, grids, clouds, Web services,
virtualization, dematerialization, remote
instrumentation and sensors, etc.
 Share infrastructure & maximize lower cost
power by “following wind & sun” networks.

Sources: GENI and Inocybe

27
 Possible research areas
> Dynamic all optical networks with solar or wind powered optical repeaters

> Wireless mesh ad-hoc networks with mini-solar panels at nodes

> New shortest energy path Internet architectures with servers, computers
and storage collocated at remote renewable energy sites such as hydro
dams, windmill farms, etc

> Topology and architecture issues to stretch the network and move routers
and switches from major intersections

> New routing and resiliency architectures for wired and wireless networks
for massively disruptive topology changes due to setting sun or waning
winds that power routers and servers

> New stats and measurement analysis of bits per carbon (bpc) utilization,
optimized “carbon” routing tables, etc
Source: OFC/NFOEC 2009 presentation by Bill St. Arnaud
Cool Example: Switch Communications

“SuperNAP” compound will house servers and storage
systems owned by many prominent companies in huge
computing compound

Specifics

407,000 square feet

150 MVA Switch owned substation

84 MVA of UPS supply

30,000 tons of system plus system cooling

4,5000,000 CFM

30 cooling towers

1,500 watts per sq. ft. density

7,000+ cabinets
Ref: www.switchnap.com and http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/24/switch_supernap/

31
Switch Communications: Connectivity

Connects enterprises to major carriers in Las Vegas hub
at greatly reduced costs

AT&T
Verizon
Qwest
Cox
Time-
Warner
etc

Zero mile, on-net, diverse, national fiber backbone gateways.

Lit services including DWDM, GigE, MPLS, POS, ATM, & Frame Relay.

32
Switch Communications: Cooling Systems

Will use more power than three mega-casinos – to get power from
Hoover Dam and California power plants

For more efficient cooling will use T-SCIF (Thermal Separate
Compartment in a Facility) – no raised floors

Colocation and energy efficient techniques reduce

costs while being green

33
Greening the Management

Use “green” data center best practices for hardware and
networking configurations

Optimize cooling requirements

Minimize “Management Control Network” requirements

“Power down” when not in use

Develop more efficient protocols

Optimize interactions with managed systems

Simplify interactions

Consider power requirements for “remote vs. central”
functionality

Self healing networks may reduce truck rolls and save power

Will emerging “control plane” networks save power?

34
Managing the Green

Telecom industry has over 25 years experience with
OSS-based network operations and management

Managing “network elements” (load balancing,
reservation scheduling, work force management, etc.)
can be generalized

Use OSS approach to manage

Home networks and appliances

Power use determined by sensor networks (e.g., “smart grid”)

Facilitate more time efficient and cost effective
telecommuting

Trade off smaller facilities and less travel vs. more power while
telecommuting

35
Conclusion

The communications industry has the knowledge,
experience and resources to enable a green world -> How
can IEEE Communications Society “energize” research,
development and deployment of green enablers?

Standards will to continue evolve -> Will these help or
hinder?

Fundamental architecture transformations can have
profound impact -> Will “greenness” be a major driver or
incidental to other drivers (e.g., increasing ROI)?

36