Technical Description of Sewage Treatment Plant for up to 500 PE

Content

1. Treatment
1.1. The SBR Wastewater Treatment Technology
1.2. The Treatment Process
1.3. Advanced Treatment Options

2. The Technology
2.1. Electronic Control Element
2.2. Air Compressor
2.3. Magnetic Valves
2.4. Bubble Diffuser
2.5. Air Lift Pump (Mammut Principle)

3. Technical Treatment Calculation

4. Tanks

1. The Treatment

1.1. The SBR Wastewater Treatment Technology (SBR = Sequential Batch Reactor)

Within a certain time frame a certain amount of wastewater is being treated within an enclosed chamber.
Following the treatment cycle the treated water is being pumped out of the reactor and another batch of
wastewater is being pumped into the reactor.

1.2. The Treatment Process

1.2.1. The wastewater enters the pre-treatment chamber (also called sludge chamber).
This chamber is needed to allow sedimentation of coarse material. It is also known as mechanical pre-
treatment. Coarse materials sink to the bottom and the pre-treated effluent flows over into the next
chamber with the help of a natural gradient.

1.2.2. The second chamber is the buffer tank serving as storage until the effluent is being pumped into
the reactor.

1.2.3. The SBR Reactor

Within the SBR Reactor the wastewater is being treated in three eight hour cycles per day. One cycle
consists of:

1. Filling of the reactor

2. Aeration phase
3. Sedimentation phase
4. Removal of treated wastewater

Initially, the reactor will be filled with a certain amount of water with the help of the air lift pumps. To treat
the effluent, micro organisms are required which are responsible for the decomposition of the organic
waste within the effluent. Due to controlled infusion of air the micro organisms multiply, resulting in a
rapid reduction of the organic substances in the effluent.

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Tel. 0049 4523 790060 – Fax 0049 4523 7900669 – Email: info@klaertechnik.net www.klaertechnik.net 1
Oxygen plays a decisive role in the treatment of wastewater. Without it the wastewater cannot be purified.

Within the metabolism of the bacteria the volatile dirt particles will be converted to oxides. This oxidisation
is a biological process which can function only with the infusion of oxygen.

Therefore, wastewater has a bio-chemical oxygen need (BOD5) and a chemical oxygen need (COD).
Both BOD5 and COD are measurable parameters for incoming and treated wastewater and provide
information about the treatment result of the plant.

The carrier for the biological wastewater treatment within the SBR system is the sludge in the reactor,
activated with bacteria. The technical task is to spread the activated sludge evenly and control the sludge
concentration in such a way that it will always maintain its full treatment capacity. To ensure this, oxygen
is being added in controlled intervals which results in a holistic mix within the reactor. Surplus sludge will
be pumped into the sludge storage.

A further advantage of the SBR method is the periodical change of availability and shortage of dissolved
oxygen and the organic substrate will also result in the development of nitrifiers and denitrifiers as well as
phosphate-storing bacteria. Apart from the reduction of organic matters a partial elimination of the plant
nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus is achieved.

The aeration phase is followed by a 75 minute sedimentation phase. The activated sludge sinks to the
bottom of the chamber whilst lighter matter floats on the surface. Between these layers a clear water zone
is created which will be pumped out at the end of the cycle.

The decisive advantage of the SBR method is that all treatment phases take place in a single
chamber.

Illustration of the treatment phases

Filling Phase Aeration Phase Sedimentation Phase Clear Water

Removal Phase

1.3. Advanced Treatment Options

1.3.1. Nitrification, Denitrification

Nitrogen is found in wastewater predominately organically bound and as ammonium. The elimination of
ammonium nitrogen takes place in two steps:

1. In the first step the ammonium nitrogen (ammoniac) is oxidised to nitrate (nitrification).
2. In the second step the nitrogen contained in the nitrate [CO3] is converted to molecular nitrogen
[N2] (denitrification).

Due to its low solubility the molecular nitrogen can easily be expelled from the wastewater. In the process
technology this means a high oxygen need in the first phase and no oxygen need in the second phase.
This will be achieved through a change in the process control and the use of larger compressors.

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Klärtechnik Reinhardt GmbH – Albert-Einstein-Str. 20 – D-23701 Eutin – Germany
Tel. 0049 4523 790060 – Fax 0049 4523 7900669 – Email: info@klaertechnik.net www.klaertechnik.net
1.3.2 Phosphate Precipitation

In the course of the normal biological treatment the phosphate content in the wastewater is being reduced
which is usually sufficient for small domestic installations.

In the event of a higher concentration of phosphate, chemical substances are being added which
precipitate the phosphate. In most cases one uses ferric chloride or aluminium sulphate. Through the use
of precipitation agents dissolved phosphates can be converted into unsolved phosphates and then be
removed from the wastewater as solids. This happens during the pumping of the surplus sludge into the
sludge storage.

Dosage pump for phosphate precipitation

1.3.3 Sanitation

Sanitation is the post treatment of the treated wastewater with UV light which kills off coli bacteria.

1.3.4. Polishing Pond

A post treatment of the biologically purified water can be achieved in shallow ponds up to 1.5 m in depth
and a volume around 2 ½ days x drained effluent per day resulting in a further reduction of suspended
matter. Algae growth is being promoted which promotes further elimination of nutrients.

2.0 The Technology

2.1 Control Cabinet

The control cabinet is the central control unit for the complete technology of the plant. It contains all
electronic controls, the compressor, the magnetic valves and the pressure hose connections.

The control cabinet is usually mounted on a concrete base.

Botoneira
.EmergencydeSwitch
emergência

Controlador
Electronic Electrónico
Control Box

Fusiveis
Fuses ande relais
Relays

Válvulas magnéticas
Magnetic Valves

Ligações para
Pressure Hoseas mangueiras de pressão
Connectors

Compressor
Compressor

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Klärtechnik Reinhardt GmbH – Albert-Einstein-Str. 20 – D-23701 Eutin – Germany
Tel. 0049 4523 790060 – Fax 0049 4523 7900669 – Email: info@klaertechnik.net www.klaertechnik.net
Measurements of Control Cabinets

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4

Breite 806 mm 806 mm 1136 mm 1136 mm
Höhe 1100 mm 1100 mm 1100 mm 1100 mm
Tiefe 478 mm 676 mm 478 mm 676 mm

All control cabinets are manufactured from fibreglass-reinforced plastic FS 8334, according to EN 14598
and standards DIN EN 60439 – 5, DIN EN 60529
Crash safety VEW Euro Test, test procedure PP 005

2.2 Compressors

For our wastewater treatment plants we use either side channel blowers or rotary vane compressors. The
choice depends on the required air volume and the required pressure. Both compressors are durable and
require little maintenance.

Side Channel Blower Rotary Vane Compressor

Side channel blowers produce higher air volume, rotary vane compressors produce higher pressure.

Technical Data for the Compressors

DT 4.16 DT 4.25 DT 4.40 RT 23009 RT 33019 RT 43037
Energy use 0,55 kW 1,10 kW 1,85 kW 0,75 kW 1,75 kW 3,40 kW
Air pressure 1,0 bar 1,0 bar 1,0 bar 240 mbar 320 mbar 410 mbar
Air volume 16,00 m³/h 25,00 m³/h 40,00 m³/h 96,00 m³/h 156,00 m³/h 222,00 m³/h
Connector G 1/2 " G 3/4 " G 3/4 " G 1 1/4 " G 1 1/2 " G2"
Noise level 62 dB 65 dB 67 dB 60 dB 66 dB 74 dB

The flexible connection of the compressor and the cable for the
Motor protection switch.

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Klärtechnik Reinhardt GmbH – Albert-Einstein-Str. 20 – D-23701 Eutin – Germany
Tel. 0049 4523 790060 – Fax 0049 4523 7900669 – Email: info@klaertechnik.net www.klaertechnik.net
2.3 Magnetic Valves

The size of the magnetic valves will be matched to the size of the compressor connectors. Valves from ¾” to 2”
are being used.

Technical Data of the Magnetic Valves

Working pressure: 0 – 12 bar

Medium temperature: -10° C to +80° C
Environment temperature: -10° C to +40° C
Connector plug according to: EN 175301 - 803
Viscosity for hot and cold
water, oil and air: 22 mm”/s

Connection for
Ligação ao compressor
compressor

Válvula Magnética
Magnetic valve

Cabo de ligação
Connecting plug

Pressure hose
Ligação para
connector
mangueiras
de pressão

2.4 Membrane Disk Diffuser

For the aeration in the reactor we use membrane disk diffusers MT 300. The support construction of the disk
diffuser MT is a fibreglass-reinforced polypropylene disk. The membrane is being mounted on the disk with a
neatly fitted fibreglass-reinforced plastic ring

Membrane disk diffusers OXYFLEX MT can be installed on all pipe variations and dimensions and are suited
also for intermittent operation as they are fitted with an integrated return valve.

 Free membrane diameter 300 mm Ø.

 MT membrane disk diffusers are resistant to soiling.
 MT membrane disk diffusers produce fine bubbles with a diameter of > 2 mm.

The big advantage of the disk diffusers is that the entire diffuser surface is on one level which ensures that the
whole area is evenly aerated. The disk diffusers have a control range of 0 – 10 Nm³/h.

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Klärtechnik Reinhardt GmbH – Albert-Einstein-Str. 20 – D-23701 Eutin – Germany
Tel. 0049 4523 790060 – Fax 0049 4523 7900669 – Email: info@klaertechnik.net www.klaertechnik.net
Membrane Disk Diffuser fitted to a Membrane Disk diffuser with Concrete Base
PE Pipe

The number of disk diffusers needed is determined by the surface area of the effluent in the tank. Important is
an even spread of the airflow to each of the disk aerators.

Distributor for Disk Diffusers with Concrete Base

2.5 Air Lift Pump

The compressors provide the pressurised air to operate the air lift pumps. Pressurised air pushes the effluent
from one chamber to the next. The volume of effluent with each pump sequence can be calculated and flow can
thus be controlled.

The pipe diameter of the air lift pumps depends on the volume of the effluent required to be pumped per
pumping sequence.

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Klärtechnik Reinhardt GmbH – Albert-Einstein-Str. 20 – D-23701 Eutin – Germany
Tel. 0049 4523 790060 – Fax 0049 4523 7900669 – Email: info@klaertechnik.net www.klaertechnik.net
 DescargaOutflow
Effluent de efluente

Ventilation
Entrada de arInlet
(ventilação)

Admissão de efluente
Effluent Inflow

Direção do fluxo
Flow direction of
Effluent

Entrada de ar
comprimido
Pressurised Air
Connection

3. Technical Treatment Calculation

For each wastewater treatment plant a separate technical calculation is required.

Sample Calculation for a 350 PE Plant

Wastewater calculation based on ATV-A 122, ATV-M 210, Class German D

No. of inhabitants PE 350
Daily BOD5 load [kg/d] Bd, BSB5=40g/(PE*d) 21
Infiltration water (%) 0
Daily sewage inflow Qd [m³/d] Qd=0,15*PE 63
Peak sewage inflow Q10 [m³/h] Q10=Qd/10 6,3
No. of SBR reactors n 2
Hours per cleaning cycle [h] tz 8
Nitrifikationsphase [h] tn 3
Denitrifikationsphase [h] td 3
Ratio Denitrifakation / Nitrifikation Vd/VBB 0,5
Hours of active cleaning [h] tr=tn+td 6
No. of cleaning cycles per day mz 3
Sewage volume per cycle [m³] Vz=Qd/(mz*n) 10,5
Dry substance contents [kgTS/m³] TSr 4

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Klärtechnik Reinhardt GmbH – Albert-Einstein-Str. 20 – D-23701 Eutin – Germany
Tel. 0049 4523 790060 – Fax 0049 4523 7900669 – Email: info@klaertechnik.net www.klaertechnik.net
ISV [l/kg*TS] 100
Pollution to Volume loading [kgBSB/m³] Br=Bd, BSB5/VR 0,15
Surplus sludge [kg/d] ÜSd=ÜSBSB5*Bd, BSB5 16,80
Pre-settlement / sludge storage
Sludge storage [m³] VSS=0,1m³/PE 35
Buffer volume
Volume to buffer [m³] Vp=(tz-(tr/2))*Q10 31,5
SBR Reactor (SBR)
SBR reactor volume [m³] VR=((tTS*ÜSd)/(TSR*n))*(tz/tr) 70,00
Total biological volume [m³] VBB=VR*n 140,00
Min. volume of reaktor [m³] Vmin=VR-Vz 59,50
Max. reactor water level [m] hwmax 4,00
Min. reactor water level [m] hwmin -
Reactor exchange relationship fA=(VR-Vmin)/VR 0,15
Sludge age [d] 25
Oxygen Demand
QL [m³/h] 73,24
QL [l/min] 1220,70
Pressure [Bar] 0,48

4.0. Tanks

The size of the tanks is determined by the technical treatment calculation. Both plastic and concrete tanks can
be used. If plastic tanks are used, multiple tanks can be combined to achieve the required volume.

Schematic Drawing of 500 PE Wastewater Treatment Plant

__________________________________________________________________________ 8
Klärtechnik Reinhardt GmbH – Albert-Einstein-Str. 20 – D-23701 Eutin – Germany
Tel. 0049 4523 790060 – Fax 0049 4523 7900669 – Email: info@klaertechnik.net www.klaertechnik.net