TABLE OF CONTENT

a) Introduction to Machinery Lubrication ……………………2

b) Viscosity Grade…………………………………………….3

c) Lathe Machine……………………………………………...4

d) Advantages of Machinery Lubrication……………………..5

e) Conclusion………………………………………………….6

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 INTRODUCTION TO MACHINERY LUBRICATION

Lubrication is the process or technique employed to reduce friction between, and wear of one
or both, surfaces in proximity and moving relative to each other, by interposing a substance
called a lubricant in between them. Friction is the force that resists relative motion between
two bodies in contact. If friction didn’t exist, nothing would ever stop moving. We need
friction to function, but there are instances where you want to be able to reduce the amount of
friction presentby using lubrication. The lubricant can be a solid, a solid/liquid dispersion, a
liquid such as oil or water, a liquid-liquid dispersion (a grease) or a gas.

With fluid lubricants the applied load is either carried by pressure generated within the liquid
due to the frictional viscous resistance to motion of the lubricating fluid between the surfaces,
or by the liquid being pumped under pressure between the surfaces.

Lubrication can also describe the phenomenon where reduction of friction occurs
unintentionally, which can be hazardous such as hydroplaning on a road.

There are a lot of considerations that must be applied when selecting the type of lubricant we
need to use: viscosity, properties, and more.

There are 3 viscosity grade that commonly used, grade 32, 46 and 68. In this study, we will
explain more on what is viscosity grade, what its difference between the 3 different grades
and more.

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 VISCOSITY GRADE

Viscosity grade is an arbitrary measure for the change of viscosity with variations in
temperature. The lower the viscosity grade, the greater the change of viscosity of the oil with
temperature and vice versa. It is used to characterize viscosity changes with relation to
temperature in lubricating oil.

The viscosity of liquids decreases as temperature increases. The viscosity of a lubricant is

closely related to its ability to reduce friction. Generally, the least viscous lubricant which
still forces the two moving surfaces apart is desired. If the lubricant is too viscous, it will
require a large amount of energy to move, if it is too thin, the surfaces will come in contact
and friction will increase.

The grade commonly used are grade 32, 46 & 68. This is an explanation on the type of grade
and the function to each type of viscosity grade.

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 APPLICATION OF LUBRICATION ON LATHE MACHINE

For lathe machine, we use viscosity grade 46 for their lubricant. For trouble-free operation,
keep the lathe clean and regularly maintained. Use the generic lubrication chart below to
locate and maintain a regular lubrication schedule

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 ADVANTAGES OF MACHINERY LUBRICATION

1. Keep Friction And Wear At Bay

Lubrication does more than make surfaces slick and slippery. It provides a coating to prevent metal-
on-metal contact between the surfaces of moving parts. No matter how polished and smooth these
surfaces may appear, they actually have rough surfaces at a microscopic level. Tiny peaks (called
asperities) stick out and scrape against opposing surfaces, causing friction. Friction interferes with
smooth motion. It also causes heat, increases surface wear and can lead to equipment failure. Proper
lubrication creates a layer of film between moving parts to thwart friction, thereby promoting
smoother operation and longer equipment life.

2. Protect Equipment
The protective layer formed by lubrication helps safeguard component surfaces against rust and
corrosion by preventing them from coming in contact with water or other corrosive substances.
Lubricants also serve as conduits that suspend and carry away contaminants to filters or other
separators in the system where they can be removed and not harm components.

3. Enhance Temperature Control

Lubricants absorb heat, drawing it away from surfaces. Depending on the application, a lubricant
either dissipates the heat or transports it to a cooling device. In either case, lubricants help keep
operational temperatures in balance and reduce the risk of heat-related component damage.

4. Improve The Life Span, Efficiency And Reliability Of Machinery

By minimizing friction, wear, excessive heat, rust, corrosion, contamination and more, lubrication
helps equipment do its job longer, more consistently and more effectively. Lubrication significantly
reduces exposure to many causes of potentially costly equipment breakdowns and failures.

5. Reduce The Downtime And Costs Associated With Maintenance And Repair
Because properly lubricated equipment runs longer and more reliably, operations don’t need to be
interrupted as frequently for maintenance and repairs. Therefore, lubrication reduces costs to
maintain, repair and replace equipment and parts. Plus, minimizing operational interruptions helps
improve productivity which, in turn, increases revenue potential

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 CONCLUSION

So a lubricant is a substance that reduces friction, heat, and wear when introduced as a film
between solid surfaces.With a basic understanding of lubrication, we can see there are quite a
few advantages of using the proper lubrication in your machines. Higher efficiency, longer
life, better reliability, and less money spent on maintenance are goals that every company
strives to achieve.