Fuels

CFM, CFM56, LEAP and the CFM logo are trademarks of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between Snecma (Safran group) and GE. The information in this document is CFM Proprietary Information and is disclosed in confidence. It is the property
of CFM International and its parent companies, and shall not be used, disclosed to others or reproduced without the express written consent of CFM. If consent is given for reproduction in whole or in part, this notice shall appear in any such reproduction in
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Specification Information

The type certificate states that fuel specifications which conform to the
requirements of GE Spec D50TF2 are approved for use
D50TF2 is consistent with ASTM 1655
ASTM D7566 provides guidance on synthetic blends:
• Including the requirements for producing a synthetic blending material by
Fischer-Tropsch or by hydro-treating esters and fatty acids.
• These materials are then required to be blended with a petroleum based
Jet A or Jet A-1 fuel and can be blended up to 50% by volume
• This blended fuel then has to meet the requirements of Table 1 in D7566
and is then the finished fuel

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Maintenance Actions

Fuel Blends meeting the requirements of Table 1 of ASTM

D7566 are exactly the same requirements as Table 1 of ASTM
D1655 (and GE Fuel Spec D50TF2).
The ASTM D7566 final product can be re-certified by the fuel
provider as a ASTM D1655 fuel and delivered to the supply
system
ASTM D1655 compliant fuel requires no additional
maintenance actions

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Shell GTL Fuel

• Shell GTL fuel is a blend of conventional Jet A/A1 and

synthetic fuel produced by the conversion of natural gas to
liquid fuel
• Shell GTL fuel is the only fuel available at Doha International
Airport (Doha, Qatar)
• Shell reports GTL fuel complies with ASTM D 1655 and
ASTM D 7566.
• These specifications provide full compliance with the GE/CFM fuel
specification, D50TF2

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TS1 Fuel

Some oil suppliers in states that are former members of the

Soviet Bloc and its allies continue to produce TS-1 Type Fuel
Operators are reminded that operation of TS-1 Type Fuel
require additional maintenance of the HMU as Defined by
Service Bulletins
• CFM56-5A SB 73-0182
• CFM56-5B SB 73-0122
• CFM56-5C SB 73-0141

These bulletins apply to engines which have uploaded 50 to 100

percent of the time based on any one year average, since last
hydromechanical unit (HMU) shop visit

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Biodiesel (FAME)

Biodiesel is largely composed of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

(FAME)
Increased use of Biodiesel for automotive use
In multiproduct pipelines, FAME can stick to pipeline walls and
then contaminate Jet fuel
• Tests have demonstrated that carryover possible to Jet Fuel
and several contamination events have occurred in Airport
supply tanks
• Current Jet Fuel specifications only allow up to 5ppm of
FAME

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FAME Testing Program

Program was launched in 2009 by Energy Institute to

substantiate the continuous use of 100ppm FAME in jet fuel
CFM supported overall test program by running 5,000 engine
endurance cycles with 400 ppm FAME
CFM recommends operators use FAA SAIB 30 ppm limit until EI
project concludes

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SAIB NE-09-25R1 on 09-Aug-2009 FAME
Guidance

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Fame Testing

CFM has conducted testing beyond this level.

• 430 hours, 2,381 cycles were run between May and August 2010 on a
CFM56 engine
• 356 hours, 2,423 cycles completed between early September and mid
October 2009 on a CFM56-5B engine
• Fuel: Jet A containing 400 ppm of a FAME which was composed 100 ppm
each of a Soy methyl ester, a Rapeseed methyl ester, a Tallow methyl
ester and a Palm oil methyl ester
• 356 hours, 2,423 cycles completed between early September and mid
October 2009 on a CFM56-5B engine

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 FAME Test Results
Engine Operation
• Pre and post-test power calibrations – no change in thrust due to FAME
• No anomalies noted during cycles and during a special test consisting of an extended low power dwell and burst sequence
BSI results
• Nothing unusual noted on combustor and hot section components
• Higher than normal rate of coke build up noted on combustor swirlers.
– Coke shed during testing

Engine Thrust N1 Relationship

• No significant change in Thrust versus Corrected Speed was noted during testing.
Engine Acceleration
• No change in engine acceleration capability noted during testing. Engine met FAA requirement for thrust at 5 seconds after 2423 cycles
running on 400ppm FAME.
Fuel Nozzle Flows and Spray Patterns
• Met component maintenance manual limits for continued operation
Fuel Controls
• Passed ATP
• No internal staining or build up
Fuel System Components
• No leaks
• No FADEC faults during testing

Additional testing summer 2012 at 100ppm FAME levels

Current allowance of two uploads with FAME below 30ppm
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 QUESTIONS / DISCUSSION
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