BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens) AS BIOCONVERSION OF

VEGETABLE WASTE FROM TRADITIONAL MARKET AND THE

EFFECTS OF COMPOST COMBINATION IN A TREATMENT

Wahyuni Sukanti 1, Diananto Prihandoko2, Agus Suyanto3

1)
Student of Environmental Engineering of Yogyakarta Institute Technology
(STTL YLH) e-mail: wahyuni.sukanti@gmail.com 2,3)Lecturer of Environmental
Engineering of Yogyakarta Institute Technology (STTL YLH)

ABSTRACT

One of the technological innovations that can reduce organic waste is the use
of larvae of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) as the subject of waste reduction. This research
aimed to determine the value of the best reduction efficiency and bioconversion rate
from the bioconversion process of vegetable waste using BSF larvae and the effects
of adding organic compost in one of the treatment doses.
The number of larvae used in each treatment dose was 576 larvae. The doses
given were 22 mg dry weight/larvae/day (D22), 32 mg dry weight/larvae/day
(D32), 42 mg dry weight/larvae/day (D42) and 52 mg dry weight/larvae/day (D52).
The addition of organic compost to D22 with a ratio (50:50) of vegetable waste and
compost is called K22.
The results showed that within 14 days, BSF larvae were able to reduce
organic waste by 98.65% to provide organic waste as much as 22 mg of dry
weight/larvae/day. Whereas in the K22 treatment, the value of reduction efficiency
was 58.22% and the biomass conversion rate was 1.56%, so that the addition of
compost did not increase the bioconversion process of vegetable waste
significantly. The results of economic analysis on the processing of the Kotagede
Market scale have an NPV value of 7,183,710 which means that the value of
NPV>0 and the IRR value of 12.87% means IRR> MARR so that processing is
feasible. In TPA Piyungan scale processing has value of NPV 45.934.557.342
which means that the value of NPV>0 and the IRR value is 941.10% means
IRR>MARR so that processing of bioconversion can be accepted and feasible.

Keywords: Black Soldier Fly Larva, organic waste, economic analysis, organic
compost

INTRODUCTION about 65 million tons of waste per day

Background produced by the people of Indonesia.
The Ministry of Environment and This amount increased one ton
Forestry states that by 2016 there are compared to 2015 production of about

1
64 million tons of waste per day. If the
issue of waste is not immediately
addressed by the government and the
community then in 2020 the volume of
waste in Indonesia will increase until
fivefold (IRSDP BAPPENAS, 2011).
The conversion of organic wastes
with black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia
illucens L.) is an interesting organic
waste processing and new recycling
technology that should be developed
in Indonesia. According to Makkar et
al. in Dortmans, 2015, the Black
Soldier Fly (BSF) originates from
southern parts of the USA and South
America and, through human activity,
is now spread over the tropic, sub-
tropic and warm temperate regions of
the world. The reason why BSF adapt
so easily in other regions is because of
their wide range of habitats.
Based on the research of Zanna
(2017) on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia
illucens) as Bioconversion of Organic
Waste about measuring the value of
reduction efficiency and amount of
waste that capable to reduce by BSFL
with Dose treatment (52, 95, 134, 182)
mg dry weight/larvae/day during 8
days with the waste of food from
household restaurant. The result
shows that the highest efficiency value
is achieved in D52 which is 71,35%,
while the lowest efficiency happened
at D182 that is 47,08%. The more the
amount of organic waste is given the
smaller the efficiency of reduction can
be achieved. The immediate research
that done by Prihandoko et al. (2017)
about BSFL conducted with the
organic waste from household waste
and the dose treatment are 52, 42, 32,
and 22 mg dry weight/larvae/day
during 14 days. The research resulted
that the best reduction efficiency is
78% from the dose of 22 mg dry
weight/larvae/day.
According to the aforementioned
research, the writer will test the
reduction efficiency of BSFL and
change the waste of household to the
vegetable waste from traditional
market. The writer will add the
additional treatment that the vegetable
waste of D22 combine with organic
compost. Furthermore, economic
analysis will be conducted to see the
cost comparison between organic
waste processing in market scale
processing and Piyungan landfill.
Objevtives
1. To determine the best value of
reduction efficiency made by BSFL
on organic waste indicated the
value from Dry Matter Reduction
(DMR) from each treatment (D22,
D32, D42, D52) expressed in mg
dry weight/larvae/day
2. To find out the bioconversion rate
of organic waste made by BSFL
indicated from the value of
Biomass Conversion Rate (BCR)
from each treatment (D22, D32,
D42, D52) expressed in mg dry
weight/larvae/day.
3. To find out the effectiveness of
adding organic compost to organic
waste D22 with ratio 50:50 (K22)
2
 based on the value of reduction
efficiency and bioconversion rate.
4. To know the result of economic
analysis of organic vegetable waste
bioconversion process made by
BFSL for market and TPA
Piyungan scale processing?
Benefits of Research
The implementation of this research is
expected to provide these following
benefits:
1. Minimize the accumulation of
waste, especially organic waste that
exist from traditional markets.
2. This research is expected to be one
solution of organic waste
processing that is effective and
efficient both for society and
government.
3. Increase scientific knowledge of
the author in applying the
knowledge that has been obtained
in the real fields.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Location
1. Research is conducted in the
boarding house of researcher in
Jalan Tamansiswa, Margoyasan PA
II/486,RT.29/RW.07,Gunungketur,
Pakualaman, Yogyakarta.
2. Vegetable waste sampling is taken
from Kota Gede traditional market
that located in Jalan Mandorakan
172 B, Kota Gede, Yogyakarta.
3. The measurement of some
parameters that become indicators
of research will be conducted at
Environmental Engineering
Laboratory of Institute Technology
of Yogyakarta (STTL “YLH”).
Research Period
The research is conducted since
October 2017 - May 2018.
Research Object
The object of research is the
amount of organic vegetable waste
derived from the traditional market
which is converted by the Black
Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) and its
economic analysis.
Technique of Data Collection
1. Primary Data
Primary data is obtained directly
from experimental observation and
laboratory analysis data, such as
weight of larvae and prepupae, weight
of residue, temperature and pH.
2. Secondary Data
Secondary data is obtained from
research-related studies and derived
from proven and accountable sources.
Research Variables
1. Independent Variables
a. The amount of organic waste
that be reduced of BSFL are
Dose of (22, 32, 42, 52) and 22
mg dry weight mixed of organic
waste and organic compost with
weight ratio 50:50 (K22)
b. The type of waste that feeds to
BSFL is vegetable waste from
Kotagede traditional market.
2. Dependent Variables
Fixed variables (dependent
variables) of this research are biomass
conversion rate, treatment efficiency,
3
weight of pre-pupae formed, organic
waste residue and economic analysis
Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal
Rate Return (IRR).
Research Tools
1. A temperature gauge to ensure the
stability of the ambient
temperature.
2. Organic waste disposal equipment,
in this activity used knife to ensure
uniform size of organic waste
provided.
3. Digital weighing scale of gram
unit with precision 2 digits of
numbers behind commas to weigh
the weight of larva, pre-pupa and
pupa.
4. Weighing scale of gram units
without numbers behind the
comma to weigh the weight of
organic waste fed and the residual
organic waste generated
5. The container for BSFL process
with the dimension 50 x 37 x 30
cm
6. The cover of BSFL container
7. Pre-pupae container
8. Gloves and masks as Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE).
Bahan Penelitian
1. Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL)
2. Vegetable waste from traditional
market
3. Organic compost
Research Preparation
1. Preparation of BSFL (Black
Soldier Fly Larva)
The BSFL used in this research
activity is larvae that have been 7 days
from the beginning of hatching time. It
aims to ensure that the larvae is in the
best condition to consume the organic
waste, or in the other words, the larvae
aged 3 days after being mini larva (4
days after hatching). Bioconversion
activity begins on the 8th day and will
end when the larvae begin to change
into pre-pupa and leave the container.
The bioconversion activity is expected
to end on the 21th day, because this
study was carried out for 14 days.
2. Preparation of Organic Waste
Conversion Process Container
The container used has a size (50
x 37 x 30) cm. Another criterion that
must be considered is the maximum
height of the garbage pile that is 7.5-
10 cm. This must be considered to
avoid anaerobic conditions during the
bioconversion process. The container
used has 3 channels, consisting of two
channels located on the top side on the
left and right sides. The channel on the
top side of the top serves as a place for
Prepupa to walk out by passing the
semicircular channel installed with a
slope of 35o. The diameter of the pipe
that is used as a leachate for the
conditions in the container is not
submerged in water which can cause
odor. At the bottom of this hole a filter
wire with a diameter of 0.2 cm is
installed to prevent the larvae from
running out.
4
  K22 treatment is dose 22 mg dry
weight of organic waste/larvae/day
plus organic compost = 53 g wet
weight/day. So that the amount of
organic compost (50%) used is the
same as the amount of organic
waste (50%) is 26.5 g wet weight.

Conducting Research
Figure of BSFL Feeding Bucket
1. Description
Design
The research was conducted
using five process containers that were
3. Preparation of Organic Waste
separated from each other. Organic
Organic waste to be used in this
waste will be given once according to
research activities is organic vegetable
the required dose for 14 days. The
waste from traditional markets
treatment that will be studied consists
consisting of various types of
of 5 treatments, namely 4 treatments
vegetable waste such as kale, spinach,
that are distinguished from the amount
cabbage, and others that took from
of organic waste that will be given and
traditional market. Waste that has
one more treatment will be added
large size will be chopped or crushed
organic compost.
to get the uniform size. The number of
larvae given for each treatment was
576 larvae for each treatment.
According to Zanna (2017), the
calculation of amount of organic waste
in dry weight that will be given for
each treatment dose are: Table of Input Value of BSFL Container
 Dose of 22 mg dry weight in Each Treatment
vegetable waste /larvae/day = 53 gr
wet weight/day 2. Sampling for Parameters
 Dose of 32 mg dry weight Measurements
vegetable waste /larvae/day = 77 gr The first sample taken on the 1st
wet weight/day day of the research activity begins (8th
 Dose of 42 mg dry weight day of larvae age), and considered as
vegetable waste /larvae/day = 101 input data. Data measurement
gr wet weight/day performed on the input is the amount
 Dose of 52 mg dry weight and weight of vegetable waste fed, as
vegetable waste /larvae/day = 125 well as the weight of larvae in wet and
gr wet weight/day dry conditions. The second sample

5
will be taken on 14th day (21st day of
larvae age), considered as output. The
measured data at the output is the
weight of the vegetable waste residue
and the weight of the larvae in wet and
dry conditions. According to WHO
2005, the amount of sample taken for
larval research is 20-30 larvae.
Temperature and pH measurement
will be done to maintain the ideal
condition of BSFL process.
Measurement and analysis procedures
of several parameters in the study:
 The measurements of pH done
using pH tester
 Temperature measurement is done
by using Hg thermometer
 The weight of the larvae is analyzed
by weighing the weight of the larva
and the pre-pupa by the number of
each sample amounting to 20-30
larvae when it becomes the larva
(input) and when it becomes pre-
pupa (output) to then averaged.
 Weight determination in dry weight
is carried out by inserting into the
oven at 105°C for 24 hours.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Bioconversion Process Observation
Observation on BSFL (Black
Soldier Fly Larvae) ability in
bioconversion of organic waste was
conducted for 14 days. The BSFL used
in the research is 7 days after hatching
so that the research activity ends at the
age of 25 days larvae. The end of
research activity is marked by the
change of skin color BSFL from white
to dark brown that is when the larvae
turned into pre-pupa.
1. Organic Vegetable Waste Feeds
to BSFL
Organic vegetable waste used in
this research activities is organic
vegetable waste from traditional
market. It consisted of various types of
vegetables such as leafy vegetable
(Ipomoea aquatica), spinach
(Amaranthus sp), china cabbage
(Brassica rapa) and cabbage
(Brassica oleracea).
- Organic waste feed to BSFL in D22
treatment is 742 gram wet weight
and consists of different types of
vegetables, which are 371 g of china
cabbage (50%), 113 g of leafy
vegetable (15%), 185 g of cabbage
(25%) and 74,2 g of spinach (10%).
- Organic waste feed to BSFL in D32
treatment is 1078 gram wet weight
and consists of different types of
vegetables, which are 431,2 g of
china cabbage (40%), 269,5 g of
leafy vegetable (25%), 215,6 g of
cabbage (20%) and 161,7 g of
spinach (15%).
- Organic waste feed to BSFL in D42
treatment is 1414 gram wet weight
and consists of different types of
vegetables, which are 636,6 g of
china cabbage (45%), 141,4 g of
leafy vegetable (10%), 424,2 g of
cabbage (30%) and 212,1 g of
spinach (15%).
- Organic waste feed to BSFL in D52
treatment is 1750 gram wet weight
and consists of different types of
vegetables, which are 1050 g of
6
 china cabbage (60%), 175 g of leafy
vegetable (10%), 350 g of cabbage
(20%) and 175 g of spinach (10%).
- On K22 treatment, feed consist of
organic compost 371 g and organic
vegetable 371 g. Its organic
vegetable waste consists of different
types of vegetables, which are 222,6
g of china cabbage (30% of total
feed), 51,94 g of leafy vegetable (7%
of total feed), 58,36 g of cabbage
(8% of total feed) and 37,1 g of
spinach (5% of total feed).
2. Environmental Factors
Observation (pH and
Temperature)
The environmental factors
monitored during the bioconversion
process in this research are pH and
temperature. Those parameters are
used to ensure that BSFL is in
optimum condition so that it can
perform maximum bioconversion
process. The pH and temperature
measurements are performed daily
starting on 1st day to 14th day.
Table of Results Measurement of pH
And Temperature on 1st day until 14th
day Observation Process
Residu
The result of BSFL
bioconversion process of organic
waste used is residue. Weight of
residue is value of output vegetable
waste in the calculation formula.The
residue is further likely to be utilized
as compost or organic fertilizer due to
the residue of bioconverted organic
waste in the form of organic matter,
containing micro and micro nutrients.
However, the type and amount of
substances contained will of course
depend on the type of organic waste
feed to BSFL. In this study, the
organic waste feed to BSFL is
vegetable organic waste that vary
types of vegetable. The parameters
that analyze are pH, temperature, color
and odor
Tabel of Result Analysis of Residue
Reduction Efficiency of Organic
Vegetable Waste
One of the objectives of this
research is to know the efficiency that
could be achieved by BSFL in organic
vegetable waste bioconversion. This
research varies the dosage of organic
vegetable waste fed to BSFL in order
to know the best efficiency value or
known as Dry Matter Reduction
(DMR). DMR shows the reduction
efficiency in dry weight. The dosage
7
variation of organic vegetable waste
are D22, D32, D42 and D52. After the
14th day, it can be compared between
the weight of the organic vegetable
waste fed to BSFL (input) and the
weight of waste remaining
(output/residue). Through this
comparison value, it obtained the
ability of BSFL in reducing organic
waste.
Table of Weight of Organic
Vegetable Waste Input and Output,
Efficiency and Organic Waste
Reduction in Each Treatment
Based on Table above, the value
of the efficiency of bioconverted
organic waste in dry weight or Dry
Matter Reduction (DMR) is obtained
98.65% for treatment D22, 97.22% for
treatment D32, 97.17% for treatment
D42, and 96.86% for treatment D52.
Therefore, the highest efficiency of
organic vegetable waste
bioconversion is treatment D22 and
the lowest is treatment D52. The value
of efficiency shows the percentage of
success of a process in achieving the
desired target. From those values, it is
known that the lower the dosage of
organic vegetable waste feed, the
higher the BSFL bioconversion
efficiency. This is due to the high
competition among larvae to get
nutrients from organic waste.
Bioconversion
The bioconversion carried out
by BSFL on organic waste will
convert the organic vegetable waste
into mass in BSFL, volatile gases or
emissions released into the air and
organic matter residues from un-
converted organic waste. BSFL
weight data can be obtained from
laboratory results. Input data of BSFL
was gained from 25 larvae of 7th day
larvae age and weighed by digital
scale. Meanwhile output data of BSFL
was gained from 25 pre-pupae of 21st
day larvae age taken randomly and
weighed by digital scale
1. Biomass Conversion
To express the biomass
conversion during the bioconversion
process, BSFL consumed organic
vegetable waste that resulted weight
gain. The weight gain of BSFL can be
measured from the weight of larvae in
the beginning (input) and the weight
of pre-pupae at the end of
bioconversion process (output).
Table Laboratory data of BSFL’s
Weight for Each Treatment
8
 Table Weight of Total Larvae in
Treatment
Table Percentage (%) of BSFL
Weight Gain
Based on tables above, it is
known that the highest percentage of
BSFL weight gain is in treatment D52
which is 61,43% in dry weight, while
the lowest is in treatment D22 which
is 32,50% in dry weight. The more the
amount of organic waste fed to the
BSFL, the higher the percentage
BSFL weight gain. This is due to the
difference in competence among
BSFL in each treatment. The level of
BSFL competition in getting nutrition
on treatment D52 will be lower when
compared to the BSFL competition on
treatment of D22.
2. Bioconversion of Organic
Vegetable Waste
The organic waste bioconversion
process by BSFL can be known from
weighing the amount of organic waste
on the first day (input) until the last
day (output) of bioconversion process
and expressed by grams in dry weight
and wet weight.
Figure Mass Balance Chart of
Bioconversion Process in Each
Treatment (a) D22, (b) D32, (c) D42,
(d) D52
Vegetable waste residue and
vegetable waste consumed are
calculated as percentages of the
vegetable waste added; vegetable
waste consumed is further divided into
pre-pupae weight and other (emissions
to the air, etc), both expressed as
percentages of the consumed feed
9
 Table Distribution of Vegetable Figure Mass Balance Flow Chart of
Waste Loss in Bioconversion Process Vegetable Waste Loss Distribution
(a) D22, (b) D32, (c) D42, (d) D52

3. Biomass Conversion Rate (BCR)

The value of Biomass Conversion
Rate (BCR) indicates the rate of
biomass conversion that occurs during
the bioconversion process of organic
vegetable waste. Biomass in the
bioconversion process by BSFL is an
organic vegetable waste that is
converted into pre-pupae weight or the
weight gain of larvae in the last day of
research.
Table BCR of Each Dose Treatment

The Effectiveness of Adding

Organic Compost in Dose
Treatment D22
Vegetable Waste Reduction
Efficiency of K22
This bioconversion research also
aims to see the effectiveness of
organic compost addition to the dose
treatment of 22 mg vegetable waste
dry weight/larvae/day (K22) to
compare to D22 treatments so that it
will get the best efficiency value.

10
 Table Weight of Organic Vegetable Table Weight of Total Larvae in K22
Waste Input and Output, Efficiency and D22 Treatment
and Organic Waste Reduction in
Treatment of D22 and K22

Table Percentage (%) of BSFL

Weight Gain in K22 and D22
Treatment
Bioconversion Result of K22
Treatment
The bioconversion result made by
BSFL at the treatment of additional
organic compost named K22.
Bioconversion result is discussed in
terms of biomass conversion,
bioconversion of organic vegetable 2. Bioconversion of Organic
waste and Biomass Conversion Vegetable Waste of K22
Reduction (BCR). Then it would be Treatment
compared to the treatment of D22. Bioconversion of organic
1. Biomass Conversion of K22 vegetable waste can be seen from the
The biomass conversion is the mass balance that calculated by
actual weight of the pre-pupae after weighing the amount of initial organic
feeding. The weight gain of BSFL can vegetable waste (input) and residue of
be known from the beginning of the vegetable waste conversion (output).
bioconversion process (input) to the
end of the bioconversion process
(output).
Table Laboratory data of BSFL’s
Weight for K22 and D22 Treatment

Figure Mass Balance Chart of

Bioconversion Process in K22
Treatment
Furthermore, bioconversion of
organic vegetable waste separated into
vegetable waste residue and vegetable

11
waste consumed that finally converted
to biomass and emissions.
Table 4.1 Distribution of Vegetable
Waste Loss in Bioconversion Process
Figure Mass Balance Flow Chart of
Vegetable Waste Loss Distribution of
K22 Treatment
3. Bioconversion of Organic
Vegetable Waste of K22
The value of Biomass Conversion
Rate (BCR) indicates the rate of
biomass conversion that occurs during
the bioconversion process of organic
vegetable waste.
Table BCR of Each Dose Treatment
Based on the result of comparison
between treatment K22 and D22
research showed that the additional of
organic compost on the treatment
cannot increase the value of BCR. So
it can be concluded that the percentage
of BCR is strongly influenced by the
type of nutrients contained in the
organic waste feed to BSFL.
Economic Analysis of Organic
Waste Treatment Using BSFL
Economic analysis of the
bioconversion process of organic
waste by BSFL for market and TPA
Piyungan scale processing. Economic
analysis of organic waste using BSFL
is conducted because of promising
investment and also helps the
government to overcome organic
waste problem especially in
Yogyakarta. Data needed in this
economic analysis are Process
Equipment, Land and Building,
Manpower, Raw Material (organic
waste and BSFL eggs) and Product.
The data processing of economic
analysis will use data analysis Internal
Rate Return (IRR) and Net Present
Value (NPV).
Data Needed in BSFL Economic
Analysis
1. Equipment Needed
According Hakim in Pangestu
(2017), the equipment used in the
production of BSFL is in terms of
Rearing Area, Larva reactor, Breeding
House, Packing Equipment, Sitting
Scale, Trolley, Water Pump and
Reservoir.
12
 Table Equipment Needed
2. Land and Building
The location of the organic waste
treatment unit will be conducted at
Kota Gede Market and TPA Piyungan.
So it means that purchasing the land is
not necessary, because it is provided in
the market and Piyungan landfill.
According to the Hakim in Pangestu
(2017), the assumption of the building
price is about Rp.1,000,000,- per m2.
So the building for Kota Gede market
scale is about 10 m2, with total cost
Rp.10.000.000,- and for TPA
Piyungan scale is about 500 m2 with
total cost Rp.500,000,000,-.
3. Raw Materials
Raw materials used are organic
waste from garbage of Kota Gede
market and TPA Piyungan.
a. Kotagede Market
According to Mariana Jawa (2017)
the average of organic waste in Kota
Gede market is 156,25 kg/day or
57.031,25 kg/year. The type of
organic waste consists of vegetables,
fruits, fish, meat, chicken, and others.
b. TPA Piyungan
Based on data from Sekber
Kartamantul in Kurniawati (2014) the
amount of waste generation in 2013 is
145.215.194 kg/year or
397,850kg/day or ± 400,000kg/day.
Based on the BPLH of DKI Jakarta in
Kurniawati (2014), the composition of
garbage in several cities in Indonesia
is mostly organic material that has a
percentage of 75%. So if using the
data the amount of organic waste in
TPA piyungan is ± 300.000 kg/day.
In addition to organic waste,
other raw materials are BSF eggs.
According to Putranto in Pangestu
(2017), 1 gram of black soldier fly
eggs can produce 3000 larvae, and for
1 kg of garbage can be converted by
10,000 BSF larvae per day. While
According to Hakim in Pangestu
(2017), it takes 5-10 grams of eggs
each processing 1 ton of waste.
4. Manpower
Based on the amount of organic
waste, the manpower needed in Kota
Gede market is less than TPA
Piyungan. The less amount of organic
waste treats, the less office hours and
salary of manpower.
Table Manpower Needed in Kota
Gede Market
Table Manpower Needed in TPA
Piyungan
13
5. Product
The production of BSFL in this
unit produces the product in the form
of semi-compost that means the
compost from bioconverted residue
needs further compost process to make
it in accordance with the standard of
compost quality. The best value of
residue (product) from total waste
input in this research is in D52
treatment which has percentage of
3,14 %. The amount of residue can be
estimated from the results of the study
are:
a. Kotagede Market
The organic waste in the Kotagede
market is 156,25 kg per day. It means
that from 156,25 kg/day organic waste
will be residue (products) of 4,9
kg/day or 1.791 kg/year.
b. TPA Piyungan
The amount of organic waste in TPA
Piyungan ± 300.000 kg/day. It means
that from 300,000 kg/day of organic
waste will be residue of 9.420 kg/day
or 3.438.300 kg/year.
The residue will be sold at a
cheaper price than the organic
compost price. Expect organic waste
residues will be processed into better
quality compost at the composting
site. The selling price of semi-compost
products (residues) is Rp.2.500 per kg.
Hence the total sales of semi-compost
on the scale of Kotagede market is
Rp.4.477.500,- and at TPA Piyungan
scale is Rp.8.595.750.000,-.
In addition to semi-compost
(residue) sales, there are also larvae
(pre-pupae) sales from the
bioconversion process as animal feed.
It prices Rp.10,000 per kilogram for
BSF pre-pupae. On the scale of
Kotagede market, it sales
Rp.4.277.344,- and TPA Piyungan
scale is Rp.8.212.500.000,-.
BSFL Economic Analysis Result
The economic analysis will
analyze the data above by using Net
Present Value (NPV) and Internal
Rate Return (IRR) method. Its
calculation will be conducted on the
scale of Kotagede Market and TPA
Piyungan.
Table Results of BSF Economic
Analysis
a. Kotagede Market
The results of economic analysis
of BSFL in Kotagede Market scale as
follows:
 Net present value (NPV) in the
period of 10 years is 7.183.710
means that the value of NPV>0,
then organic waste treatment using
BSFL is feasible and may be
implemented.
 The value of Internal Rate Return
(IRR) is 12,87%. It means the value of
IRR > MARR specified as 10%, then
organic waste treatment using
BSFL is feasible and may be
implemented
b. TPA Piyungan
14
 The results of economic analysis
of BSFL in TPA Piyungan scale as
follows:
 Net present value (NPV) in the
period of 10 years is
45.934.557.342 means that the
value of NPV > 0, then organic
waste treatment using BSFL is
feasible and may be implemented.
 The value of Internal Rate Return
(IRR) is 941.10%. It means the value
of IRR > MARR specified as 10%,
then organic waste treatment using
BSFL is feasible and highly
recommended to implement.
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Kesimpulan
1. The efficiency value that can be
done by BSFL in converting the
organic vegetable waste is
inversely proportional to the
amount of waste fed. The value of
efficiency will be higher if the
amount of waste provided less and
vice versa. The highest efficiency
that seen from DMR value is at
treatment D22 that is equal to
98,65% and the lowest is at
treatment D52 that is equal to
96,86%.
2. The highest biomass conversion
rate based on BCR values on each
treatment is at treatment of D52 that
is 2,36%. The other treatment D22,
D32, D42 respectively were 1,68%,
2,22%, 2,25%. The percentage of
larval weight gain of each treatment
that D22, D32, D42, D52
respectively are 32,50%, 48,08%,
55,12% and 61,43%
3. K22 treatment which is using the
same dose as treatment of D22 with
additional of organic compost ratio
50:50 has the value of reduction
efficiency that seen from DMR
value is equal to 58,22. Biomass
conversion based on BCR values is
1,56%. Larval weight gain of K22
treatment is 30,77%. These values
are lower than D22 treatment. It
means that the usage of organic
compost addition is not really
effective in increasing the process
of organic vegetable waste
bioconversion.
4. Economic analysis result using Net
Present Value (NPV) and Internal
Rate Return (IRR) of Kota Gede
Market and TPA Piyungan scale.
The organic vegetable waste BSFL
bioconversion on Kota Gede
Market scale has a value of NPV of
7.183.710 which means the value
NPV > 0 and the value of IRR is
12,87% which means the value of
IRR > MARR (10%) then the
project is feasible. On the scale of
TPA Piyungan, it has value of NPV
of 45.934.557.342 which means the
value NPV > 0 and the value of IRR
is 941,10% which means the value
of IRR > MARR (10%) then the
project is feasible and highly
recommended to implement.
5. These values of calculation are only
valid for certain percentage and
types of vegetable waste in
accordance to this research, due to
15
 the differences value among
percentage of each treatments.
Recommendations
1. Apart from the organic waste,
perhaps the process could be tried
on other kind of waste that also
contain nutrients that BSFL needs,
such as human or animal excreta.
2. There is need to investigate the
emissions of BSFL products to
ascertain what is being released
from the process, to find out the
exact value of emission released
and whether those emissions pose
any danger or not.
3. There is need to consider the value
of leachate (residue) to ascertain
how much it affects to the value of
other residue and bioconversion
process.
4. BSFL process container needs
better design that make the leachate
of organic waste doesn’t disturb the
amenities of larvae, so that BSFL
will be able to do optimum
bioconversion process.
5. There is need further study to
utilize the bioconversion residue of
organic waste as organic compost
that could be apply directly to the
soil.
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