334 CSEE JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS, VOL. 3, NO.
4, DECEMBER 2017
Analysis and Recommendations for the Adaptability
of China’s Power System Security and Stability
Relevant Standards
Yinbiao Shu, Senior Member, IEEE, Yong Tang, Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract—In developing power grids, setting standards is criti-
cal to its success. The development of China’s power industry has
proposed new requirements for power systems to ensure secure
and stable operations. The principal standards for the security
and stability of China’s current power systems are analyzed in
terms of operational control, generator-grid coordination and
simulation. The shortcomings are pointed out and the directions
of future development are discussed. In the end, the study high-
lighted the following key areas that require further research and
improvement: the evaluation criteria of power system security
and stability should be improved to ensure the secure and stable
operation of China’s power systems; the operational control
standards should be constantly enhanced to increase the relia-
bility and flexibility of operational control strategies; generator-
grid coordination standards should be upgraded to improve the
coordination between the generator control protection system and
the grid; and the simulation methodology should be standardized
in future power system security and stability research.
Index Terms—Generator-grid coordination, operational
control, planning and design, power system security and
stability standards, simulation.
I. I NTRODUCTION
T HE secure and stable operation of power systems is a
worldwide problem that directly relates to the national
economy as well as people’s livelihood, therefore it has always
been a great concern of governments and electric power
enterprises. In order to avoid the enormous economic losses
caused by large-scale power outages, electric power enterprises
have invested manpower and financial resources to study the
relevant problems and have already made remarkable achieve-
ments [1], [2]. However, the stability of large power grids
is extremely complex. There are many influencing factors,
including the equipment quality, maintenance level, level of
relevant personnel technical capabilities, as well as meteo-
rological, geological conditions and various other external
factors, etc. Hence, it is an arduous task to completely avoid
large-scale blackouts. In 2015 and 2016, due to the unfavorable
conditions in the grid structure, gaps in operation management,
Manuscript received May 27, 2017; revised September 12, 2017; accepted
November 23, 2017. Date of publication December 30, 2017; date of current
version November 30, 2017.
Y. B. Shu is with State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing 100031, China.
Y. Tang (corresponding author, e-mail: tangyong@epri.sgcc.com.cn) is with
China Electric Power Research Insitute, Beijing 100192, China.
DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2017.00650
2096-0042 © 2017 CSEE
defective equipment in the three defensive lines and natural
disasters etc., six large-scale blackouts occurred around the
world [3], [4].
China has always paid great attention to the secure and sta-
ble operation of the power systems; the nation has constantly
promoted the formulation and revision of relevant standards
to make them more comprehensive. Aside from the follow-
up research and revisions made on the universal “Guidelines
for Power System Security and Stability,” [5] China has
established special standards in the aspects of operational
control, generator-grid coordination and simulation etc., in
order to refine the relevant technology and management. These
standards play an important role to assure secure and stable
operation of China’s power systems. Taking the guidelines
that were issued in 1981 and revised in 2001 as an example,
the implementation has greatly reduced the accident rates of
China’s power systems and has achieved a more secure and
stable operation of China’s power systems [6].
In recent years, with the gradual expansion of power grids,
the rapidly increasing renewable energy and the gradual for-
mation of a high-capacity AC-DC hybrid power grid, the
operational characteristics have changed dramatically, thereby
bringing new challenges to the security and stability of China’s
power system operations [7]. In conjunction with the rapid de-
velopment of power grids, the management system of China’s
power industry as well as China’s external environment has
also experienced great changes. A series of major events such
as the Electric Power Enterprise Reform in 1998, “Regulations
on Accident-investigation and Protocol for Handling Com-
promised Electrical Safety” [8] issued in 2011 etc., have put
forward new requirements for the secure and stable operation
and management of China’s power systems.
This paper analyzes the new requirements for the power
system to ensure secure and stable operation of China’s
power industry. Through investigating the operational control,
generator-grid coordination, and simulation, the shortcomings
of current standards are illustrated, and the future development
directions are suggested. In the end, several key issues on the
standards that are relevant to ensuring China’s power system
security and stability are proposed for further research.
II. C URRENT S ITUATION OF THE D EVELOPMENT OF
P OWER S YSTEM S ECURITY AND S TABILITY S TANDARDS
With the rapid development of power systems, there have
SHU et al.: ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ADAPTABILITY OF CHINA’S POWER SYSTEM SECURITY AND STABILITY RELEVANT STANDARDS
been constant changes in China’s power industry management
and also in the shifting external environment. A series of
major events such as the Electric Power Enterprise Reform
in 1998, “Regulations on Accident-Investigation and Protocol
for Handling Compromised Electrical Safety” issued in 2011
and “Policy Suggestions for Further Power System Reform”
issued in 2015 etc., have proposed higher requirements regard-
ing secure and stable operations and management of power
systems [9], [10].
A. Impact of Power Development
Energy demand has promoted the need for wide-area in-
tensive development in the power industry. In order to solve
problems such as the ecological environment deterioration,
the rising cost of energy supply, lower capability to assure
the energy security etc., it is anticipated that the generation
mix should first be adjusted. Then hydropower, nuclear power,
renewable power including wind and solar power should be
developed orderly, efficiently, safely and rapidly. Secondly,
the optimal power generation expansion planning should be
taken into account. It is suggested that the construction of
large power plants in northern and western China should
be promoted and to also make full use of advanced UHV
transmission technology to expand the scale of west-to-east
power transmission, north-to-south power transmission and
nationwide interconnection.
The distributed configuration of source and load centers
makes it more difficult for power system coordinated control.
New features, such as centralized connections of intensive
large power sources, remote-distance large-capacity power
supplies, centralized platform and distributed consumption,
have emerged, which change the characteristics of power sys-
tem security and stability. The relationships, between sources
and loads, AC and DC systems, 500kV EHV and 1000kV
UHV grids, regional and UHV cross-region synchronous grids,
will create a more close and complicated relationship, which
raises the difficulties in coordination.
B. Impact of Power System Reform
First, under the split regime of power grids and power
factories, generation-grid coordination requires the need for
standards and specifications to replace administrative orders.
In 2002, power system reform came into a new era. The
transmission and distribution systems were separated from
the generation system. The generation and grid are closely
coordinated due to strong administrative orders. They need to
have the same obligations and responsibilities. In the original
regime, the generation-grid coordination is close due to the
strong administrative orders. After the split, new and large-
capacity generation units participated in the power grids.
Without the standards and specifications, the potential safety
hazards of generation-grid coordination cannot be easily iden-
tified and corrected, which leads to an increase of accidents.
With the construction and operation of large power plants
and large-capacity UHV DC transmission, the risk of such
accidents rises and results in even worse consequences.
335
Secondly, power system reform is progressing quickly
which will allow for the gradual realization of power system
marketization.
In 2015, “Several Opinions on Further Deepening the
Reform of Power System” was issued. Since this year, the
central government has emphasized the specialized supervi-
sion on power system reform. Under the leadership of the
National Development and Reform Commission and National
Energy Administration, this reform has accelerated and the
relatively independent electric power exchange agencies in
each province have been established. Policies and documents
that are directly related to power dispatch, such as “Priority
Generation Trial Methods of Peak Shaving Units for Renew-
able Energy,” have been issued. Pilot projects in each province
have been addressed. Power system reform has come to the
implementation stage in each province. Power market reform
proposes higher requirements for power system dispatch. The
execution of transactions directly affects the benefits of each
market player, which makes the benefit re-adjustment more
difficult. Therefore, it is of great importance to the standard-
ized and normalized operations of the power system dispatch.
C. Impact of National Laws and Regulations
The State Council of the People’s Republic of China, Order
No. 599, “Regulations on Accident Investigation and Handling
of Electricity Safety Emergency” was issued in June 2011.
The regulations define four levels of accidents: extraordinary
serious accidents, serious accidents, greater accidents and
ordinary accidents, based on the load shedding proportions and
blackout user proportions in different regions. The regulations
promote higher responsibility for power system security and
stability. The guidelines have been used for a long time as
the highest priority in power system planning and operations
for power system security and stability. With the execution of
the regulations, the defense levels of important load centers
should be improved.
III. S TANDARDS OF O PERATIONAL C ONTROL
Security and stability is the priority of power systems.
During the 1970s and 1980s, incidents that compromised the
safety and security of the power grid happened frequently in
China. After the “Guidelines for Power System Security and
Stability” were proposed and executed in the 1980s, more
attention was focused on the analysis and management of
power system stability. As a result, accident rates decreased
dramatically. At present, China’s standards of operational
control include: “Guidelines for Power System Security and
Stability,” “Guidelines for Power System Security and Stability
Control Technology,” “Criteria for Power System Operation,”
“Guidelines for Power System Voltage and Reactive Power
Technology (Trial),” “Principles of Power System Reactive
Power Compensation Allocation Technology (Trial),” “Guide-
lines for 1000 kV AC System Voltage and Reactive Power
Technology,” “Technical Regulations for Power System Low-
frequency Load Shedding” and “Technical Regulations for
Power System Low-voltage Load Shedding,” etc [11]–[19].
This series of standards are used to guide the planning, design,
336 CSEE JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS, VOL. 3, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2017
construction, operation, and experimentation of power system
security and stability protocol in order to improve power
system stability and reduce accident rates.
The standards of operational control have been developed
for several years and have now reached a mature level of
acceptance. They have had a very positive effect on power
system security and stability operations. However, since such
standards are closely related to power system daily operations,
they should be improved and perfected with the new features
of power system operation and control. In recent years, with
the quick development of power grids and the wide application
of new technology in power grids, the characteristics and the
control of power system security and stability have changed
significantly, which suggests that new requirements should
follow:
With the implementation of nationwide interconnections,
the placement numbers and power proportions of the DC
receive-side become greater. The voltage stability issues at
the receiving ends are realized. The power exchange be-
tween different regions becomes larger and the fast automatic
regulators of the generation unit exciters are more widely
used, which changes the major oscillation modes from single-
generation modes to inter-area modes and thereby limits the
power transmission capabilities. Although the definition and
analysis of voltage stability and dynamic stability are given in
relevant standards, it still shows a lack of quantitative indices,
which makes it difficult to be applied in power system planning
and operational control.
“Regulations on Accident Investigation and Handling of
Electricity Safety Emergency” is the first specific adminis-
trative regulation for accident investigation and handling of
electricity safety emergencies. There are specific stipulations
for the various levels, reports, investigations, disposals of
accidents and legal liabilities. The considerations of the reg-
ulations and other relevant standards are identical, which is
to ensure secure and stable operations and reliable power
supplies. However, there is also discordance between several
stipulations. According to current standards, during serious
disturbances, generation shedding and load shedding must be
taken into consideration. Since the regulations were issued late,
current standards have not taken into account the criteria of
the regulations. The load shedding amount may be beyond
the accident levels in the regulations, which is bad for the
formulation and participation of security and stability control
strategies. It may also influence the secure and stable operation
and limit the transmission capabilities.
The complicated system characteristics make the require-
ments higher for coordinated control. Large-scale intermit-
tent renewable energy integration, more levels in the grid
side, large-capacity AC-DC hybrid interconnections and multi-
infeed HVDC have made power system operations more
complicated. From simulations, a single measure is unable to
assure security and stability in some occasions, while multiple
measures must be adopted. For example, during the De Bao
DC blocking faults, DC emergency power supply and load
shedding were simultaneously adopted. In current standards,
the coordinated principles between different control strategies
are not stated. Therefore, the strategies in real operations are at
random, and not able to involve the advantages of coordinated
control.
The control strategies of the second and third lines of
defense should be more flexible. In current three defensive
lines systems, the second and the third lines are for different
types of faults. The bond between them is clear. With the
development of power grids, from a perspective of practical
application, this bond could be violated in some occasions.
For example, in the current North China and Central China
interconnection system, during an N − 2 fault in the 500 kV
lines close to the tie-lines, active tie-line splitting is able to
avoid generation and load shedding, which has less influence
on power grids.
Based on the changes of the characteristics and the control
of power system security and stability, several suggestions to
improve current standards are proposed as follows:
1) Study the characteristics, mechanisms and influence
factors of voltage stability and dynamic stability in
depth; promote the practical assessment indices and
quantitative criterion of steady-state voltage stability,
transient and mid-/long-term voltage stability and dy-
namic stability; guide power system planning and se-
cure and stable operations.
2) Analyze the robustness of current guidelines and regu-
lations; make them coordinated.
3) Study the robustness of current three-level security and
stability standards on power system development; adjust
the fault divisions and control strategies in the three-
level standards based on the power system development;
improve the defense levels properly to detail the control
strategies, to identify generation shedding and load
shedding and to realize the control amount; adjust the
statement of the control strategies in the thee-line-
defense to promote the flexibility and validity of the
control strategies.
IV. S TANDARDS OF G ENERATOR - GRID C OORDINATION
As the most important component of the power system, the
generator not only undertakes the task of power production,
but also plays a fundamental and critical role in the safety
and stability of power system operations. When the power
system encounters failure, the generator should provide voltage
and frequency support, and coordinate with the grid control
measures, to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power
system.
In the process of performing a long-term research practice,
China’s power system has accumulated some experience with
generator-grid coordination and included it in several stan-
dards, which plays a positive role to ensure the safe and
stable operation of the power system. These standards are
characterized by decentralized performance requirements for
specific power equipment. For example, “Guide for Setting
the Test of Power System Stabilizer” presents performance
requirements and test methods for additional control in an
excitation system; “Guide for Calculating the Setting of the
Relay Protection for Large Generator and Transformers” puts
forward the requirements and implementation methods of im-
plementation of the conventional power supply relay protection
SHU et al.: ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ADAPTABILITY OF CHINA’S POWER SYSTEM SECURITY AND STABILITY RELEVANT STANDARDS
and parameter setting; “Technical Rules for Connecting a
Wind Farm to a Power System” puts forward the requirements
for the performance of the main controller of a wind turbine,
low voltage ride through etc [20]–[24]. The implementation
of these standards guarantees the safety of their own power
generation equipment. But under the abnormal operation of
the power system, it needs to be further improved how to
mobilize the dynamic support potential for large portion of the
power generation equipment as a whole and jointly stabilize
the operation of the power system after disturbance impacts.
At present, the development of power systems is faced
with many new challenges brought about by the coordination
between networks and power sources. The increase of power
generation and subsequent consumption, along with large-
scale grid integration of renewable sources, improved the
occupation of power networks and thus produced many new
requirements. To deal with this situation, the power sources
are not only required to cope with various kinds of faults, so
as to support the power grid during emergency, but also need
to be able to coordinate and optimize the power system, so as
to utilize the potential of all components in the power system.
The grid-integration of renewable energy has brought about
many problems and limited their development. Therefore, we
need to enhance the coordination between networks and power
sources and form a mechanism which combines standard
making, field test assessment and online monitoring.
To facilitate the development of power systems, the follow-
ing aspects should be improved.
1) Improve the coordination standards of the power source
control and protection, especially the standards for the
coordination between networks and protection. Usually,
according to existing relevant standards, the protection
setting of power sources is based on a single-machine
system. Hence the standards fail to take into consider-
ation inter-machine coordination and the coordination
between machines and networks. For example, if the
action sequence of high-frequency protection and over-
speed protection (OPC) are not taken into account, a
large number of generators may trip off at the same
time while the system suffers a disturbance, which
will accelerate the process of system collapse. Another
example is that there’s no LVRT requirement for power
electronic converters used in the important auxiliary
equipment of a thermal power plant and the converters
will block themselves while the voltage drops during a
system fault and leads to the trip off of the generators.
Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the coordination
between the generator protection system and the power
system safe and maintain the stable operation.
2) Improve the technical standards for grid-connection and
real-time monitoring. Superintend the design, construc-
tion and operation of the power sources, so as to reduce
the security risk to a minimum.
3) Improve the standards for the coordination between
networks and power sources and provide technical
support for the large-scale power grids. The capacity
of a single renewable power source is small and the
required amount of generators is usually large. The
337
available manufacturers are large. Hence, it is difficult
to coordinate between networks and power sources. It
is crucial to develop relevant standards to monitor and
evaluate wind power generation, with an intention to
ensure power system stability and facilitate the exploita-
tion of renewable energy.
V. S TANDARDS OF S IMULATION
Due to the uniqueness of power systems, simulation analysis
is commonly adopted method for evaluating the stability of the
power system, verifying the structural and operational quality
of the grid and experimenting with the proposed stability and
security controls protocol. The planning and operation of the
power system is to a large extent dependent on the quality
of the simulation-based analysis. Simulation standards set
guiding principles and give recommendations to standardize
data formatting, calculation methods, assessment criteria and
other aspects primarily to improve the simulation analysis.
The standards include: “Standards for Power System Stability
Calculations,” “Formatting Specifications for Parameters and
Operating Data Extracted from Power Grid Equipment Used in
the Power System Analysis Calculation,” and the standards for
scale-modeling critical equipment in simulations. “Standards
for the Power System Stability Calculation” [25] is aimed
at standardizing power system stability analysis and thus
improving the quality of the analysis. The standards also
present and define terminology, assess methods and measure
for the improvement of power system stability etc. “Formatting
Specifications for Parameters and Operating Data Extracted
from Power Grid Equipment Used in the Power System Anal-
ysis Calculation,” focuses on the parameters and operational
data from the power grid. The specifications serve to provide
the regional, provincial and municipal power grids’ design
and planning teams with more efficient data exchange and
management. Standards for modeling critical equipment, such
as generators, for simulations are specified according to the
characteristics of the equipment.
High accuracy is one of the crucial requirements of the
simulation. To improve simulation accuracy, power system
experts have conducted research in many different aspects,
such as computational theory, modeling etc. Many results
about simulation and modeling standards were obtained. At
present, most simulation software is out of date and thus
cannot be applied in the simulation of current power systems.
Therefore, the following aspects need to be improved.
1) Simulation based on the detailed electro-mechanical
model of the HVDC. In 2017, there are 19 HVDC
projects (including back to back HVDC) in China,
which makes China become the country that has the
most HVDC projects. In the future, it is expected that
more projects will be completed and put into use. With
the rapid increase of HVDC, the impact of HVDC on
the stability of the power system cannot be ignored
any more. Hence, more in-depth analysis on modeling
and simulation of power systems with HVDC should
be conducted to improve their computational accuracy.
2) Simulation of dynamic characteristics of intermittent
energy sources such as wind farms and photovoltaic
338 CSEE JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS, VOL. 3, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2017
power plants. Wind power and other intermittent energy
have been rapidly developing for the last 10 years. In the
northeast, northwest and other grids which have a large
proportion of intermittent energy installations, the dy-
namic characteristics of power systems have become an
important factor affecting secure and stable operations.
However, the modeling verification work of the current
wind power and other intermittent energy is still behind
the development of intermittent energy itself, and needs
to further improve the relevant standards and norms.
3) Simulation of intermediate and long period dynamics.
In most cases, power system stability analysis con-
centrates on three aspects: power-angle, voltage and
frequency. Based on the time range, they can be cat-
egorized into two classes: short-period process and
intermediate and long-period process. The latter is one
of the essential parts of power system stability analysis.
Nevertheless, in practice, there has been little attention
given to this problem and therefore relevant standards
are hard to find.
For the aforementioned problems, the following aspects
need to be improved.
1) Standardize the modeling of HVDC and stipulate that
the manufacturers of HVDC equipment have to pro-
vide the power grid operators with the models and
parameters for electro-mechanical and electro-magnetic
analysis, so as to improve the accuracy of HVDC
dynamic representation.
2) Propose the management standards concerning the pa-
rameter setting of renewable energy power sources and
stipulate that the manufactures have to provide the
power grid operators with the models and parameters
reflecting the dynamics of the equipment, with an
intention to facilitate the modeling of renewable power
sources.
3) Propose the standards concerning intermediate or long
period time-domain simulations in “Power System Se-
curity and Stability Calculation Standards,” so as to
ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of power
system stability analysis.
VI. C ONCLUSION
The development of power system operational standards
plays an instructive role in system planning, operations control,
generator-grid coordination, simulation etc. Further investi-
gation on how to develop relevant standards needs to be
conducted in the future to adapt China’s power system to the
changes of management, grid configuration and technology.
This is critical to ensuring the safety and stability of power
system operations.
Currently, future research focuses on the following aspects:
1) Perfecting the evaluating standards for power system
stability analysis, which will be fundamental to power
system planning and power system stability analysis.
2) Enhancing power system planning and design regula-
tions, which will provide methods for evaluating the
trade-off between security and economy.
3) Perfecting operational control standards and enhancing
the reliability and flexibility of power system opera-
tions.
4) Improving the standards of coordination between the
power generator and grid and thereby enhancing their
coordination.
5) Promoting the development of standards for simulations
based on detailed models, so as to increase the role of
simulation in power system stability analysis.
R EFERENCES
[1] Y. B. Shu, W. L. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Y. Tang, and Q. Guo, “Security
evaluation of UHV synchronized power grid,” Proceedings of the CSEE,
vol. 27, no. 34, pp. 1–6, Dec. 2007.
[2] Y. Tang, “Framework of comprehensive defense architecture for power
system security and stability,” Power System Technology, vol. 36, no. 8,
pp. 1–5, Aug. 2012.
[3] A. S. Wang, J. Yi, W. F. Lin, et al, “2015 Worldwide power grid
accident collection,” China Electric Power Research Institute Laboratory
of Security and Stability of the System, Beijing, China, 2016.
[4] A. S. Wang, J. Yi, Q. He, et al, “2016 worldwide power grid accident
collection,” China Electric Power Research Institute Laboratory of
Security and Stability of the System, Beijing, China, 2017.
[5] Y. Tang, W. Z. Zhong, H. D. Sun, et al, “Guidelines for power
system stability and power systems technical guidelines revision research
report,” China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, 2009.
[6] M. Y. Wang, J. C. Wu, and D. Z. Meng, Large Power System Technology,
2nd ed., China Electric Power Press, Beijing, 1995, pp. 1–5.
[7] Z. Y. Liu, Electric Power and Energy in China, China Electric Power
Press, Beijing, 2012, pp. 28–109.
[8] Department of State, Electrical Safety Emergency Disposal and Investi-
gation Disposal Ordinance, State Council Order No.599. Beijing: China
Legal Publishing House, 2011.
[9] Y. B. Shu, Y. Tang, and H. D. Sun, “Research on power system security
and stability standards,” Proceedings of the CSEE, vol. 33, no. 25, pp.
1–8, Sep. 2013.
[10] S. S. Wang, H. D. Sun, J. Yi, and J. Zhang, “The applicability to large-
scale grids of the guides or codes related to power system security and
stability,” China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China, 2015.
[11] People’s Republic of China Ministry of Water Resources, Technical
Code for Power System (Trial), SD 131-1984, Beijing: China Electric
Power Press, 1984.
[12] Power System Operation and Control of the Power Industry Standard-
ization Technical Committee, Guide on Security and Stability for Power
System, DL 755-2001, Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2001.
[13] Power System Operation and Control of the Power Industry Standardiza-
tion Technical Committee, The Grid Operation Code, DL/T 1040-2007,
Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2007.
[14] Power Industry Electric Power Planning and Design Standardization
Technical Committee, Technical Code of Design for the Electric Power
System, DL/T 5429-2009, Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2009.
[15] Static Protection Devices of the National Standardization Technical
Committee, Technical Guide for Electric Power System Security and
Stability Control, GB 26399-2011, Beijing: Standards Press of China,
2011.
[16] National Grid Operation and Control Standardization Technical Com-
mittee, Technical Rules for Power System Automatic Under-Frequency
Load Shedding, DL/T 428-2010, Beijing: China Electric Power Press,
2011.
[17] State Dispatch Center of State Grid Corporation, Power System Auto-
matic Undervoltage Load Shedding Technical Standards, Q/GDW 587-
2011, Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2011.
[18] UHV AC Transmission Standardization Technical Committee, Technical
Guide on 1000kv AC System Voltage and Reactive Power, GB/Z 24847-
2009, Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009.
[19] People’s Republic of Energy, Guideline of Power System Voltage and
Reactive Power Technology, SD 325-1989, Beijing: China Electric
Power Press, 1989.
[20] State Grid Corporation, Technical Principle for Reactive Power Compen-
sation (Trial), Q/GDW 212–2008, Beijing: China Electric Power Press,
2008.
SHU et al.: ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ADAPTABILITY OF CHINA’S POWER SYSTEM SECURITY AND STABILITY RELEVANT STANDARDS 339

[21] National Electricity Regulatory Standardization Technical Committee, Yong Tang (M’09–SM’15) received the M.E. and
Technical Rule for Connecting wind Farm to Power System, GB/T Ph.D. degree from CEPRI, Beijing, China, in 1985
19963-2011, Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2011. and 2002 respectively. He is currently a Professor
[22] China Electricity Council, Technical Rule for Connecting PV Power and Ph.D. Supervisor with CEPRI. His research
Station to Electric Power Systems, GB/Z 19964-2005, Beijing: Standards interests are in the area of power system simula-
Press of China, 2006. tion and analysis, voltage stability and control, load
[23] Power Industry Protection Standardization Technical Committee, Guide modeling and simulation.
of Calculating Setting of Relay Protection for Large Generator and
Transformer, DL/T 684-2012, Beijing: China Electric Power Press,
2012.
[24] State Grid Corporation, Power System Stabilizer Tuning Test Guideline,
Q/GDW 143-2012, Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2012.
[25] State Grid Corporation, Specifications of Equipment Parameters and
Operating Data for Electric Power System Analysis and Computation,
Q/GDW 137-2006, Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2006.

Yinbiao Shu (SM’11) received his Ph.D degree of

engineering from Wuhan University in 2007. He is
currently the Chairman of State Grid Corporation of
China (SGCC) and Vice President of the Interna-
tional Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
Dr. Shu has been extensively involved in technical
research and management of power grid planning,
engineering, construction and operation. During his
nearly 40 years’ engagement in SGCC, he makes
tremendous contribution to science & technology
innovation and standard development of the industry,
to ensure reliable and economic operation of ultra large AC/DC hybrid grid.
He leads the development of ultra-high voltage and smart grid technologies
and promotes the comprehensive development of renewable energy and
electrical vehicles to facilitate energy transition.