6 April 2016 Name and Section _______________________

BIOE 331 Midterm EXAM #2

For all problems, show your work and state any assumptions.

1[25]. Kerosene (SG = 0.85) flow through the Venturi meter

shown in the figure with flow rates between 0.005 and 0.050 m3/s.
Determine the range in the pressure difference (p1 – p2) needed to
measure these flowrates. Perform an analysis assuming a uniform
velocity profile in each cross section.

Mass Balance – incompressible

Q  0.005 m / s
3

Q 4Q
V1    0.63667 m / s
 D1
2
A1
Q 4Q
V2    1 .7 6 8 4 m / s
D2
2
A2

Q  0.05 m / s
3

Q 4Q
V1    6.3667 m / s
 D1
2
A1
Q 4Q
V2    1 7 .6 8 4 m / s
D2
2
A2

Bernoulli Equation
1 1
p1   V1  p 2   V2
2 2

2 2

1
p1  p 2    V 2  V1 
2 2

1 1
 p low  p1  p 2    V 2  V1  850 1.7684  0.63667   1.1568
2 2 2 2
kP a
2 2
1 1
 p high  p1  p 2    V 2  V1  850 17.684  6.3667   115.68
2 2 2 2
kP a
2 2

1.1568   p  115.68 kPa

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Fy
2[25]. Water flows as two free jets from the tee 2
attached to the pipe shown. The exit speed is 15 m/s. If
viscous effects and gravity are neglected, determine the Fx
force that the pipe exerts on the tee. Looking for a clear
solution with labeled steps so that the analysis is easy to
follow.
1 3

Mass balance
V1 A1  V 2 A2  V 3 A3
1
V1  V 2
A 2  V 3 A3 
A1
 12 m / s

Bernoulli equation
1
p1    V 2  V1 
2 2

2
1
 1000 15  12 
2 2

2
 40.5 kP a

Momentum equation
 V   V  nˆ  dA  F
cs

X momentum
 V1 A1   V 3 A3  P1 A1  P3 A3  F x
2 2

F x    V1 A1   V 3 A3  P1 A1  P3 A3
2 2

  1 4 4  1 1 2 .5  4 0 .5  0
  7 2 kN

Y momentum
 V 2 A2  F y
2

F y   V 2 A2
2

 67.5 kN

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3[25]. A nozzle is attached to a vertical pipe and

discharges water into the atmosphere as shown. When the
discharge is 0.1 m3/s, the gage pressure at the flange is 40 y 2
kPa. The nozzle has a weight of 200 N and the volume of the
water in the nozzle is 0.012 m3. x

3.a. Determine the anchoring force in the flange. WN

Mass balance
Q Ww
V1  5 m/s
A1 1
Q Fx
V2   10 m / s 2
A2 A1 =0.02 m
Fy
Momentum equation
 V   V  nˆ  dA  F
cs

X momentum
 V 2 A2  V 2 sin    F x
Fx  1000(10)0.01(10 sin(30))  866.02 N

Y momentum
 V1 A1   V 2 A2  V 2 cos    F y  P1 A1  W N  W w
2

F y    V1 A1   V 2 A2  V 2 cos    P1 A1  W N  W w
2

  500  500  800  200  117.6

  482.4 N

Pipe flange exerts the forces shown on the nozzle flange

3.b. What is the momentum of the flow leaving the nozzle?

P   V  V
2
 nˆ  dA

 m V2
N s
 866.02 iˆ  500 ˆj
s

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3.c. What is the kinetic energy of the flow leaving the nozzle?

1
E KE   V 2   V  nˆ  dA
2

2
2
1
m
2
V2
2
 5000 J / s

3.d. Determine the losses in the nozzle.

p p 1 2 
L oss  m  1  2   V1  V 2  
2

   2 
 100  40  37.5 
 250.0 J / s

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4. Short Answer – 3 pts each

a. In the Wind Tunnel tour, the guide mentioned a surprising use of the slope between the Settling section
and the Test section. What was it?

The guide claimed (in jest, I assume) that prospective employees were required to run up the slope as a
test for employment fitness.

u
b. For a falling film flow, the boundary condition typically used at the free surface is  0 . What is the
y
physical interpretation of this boundary condition?

This condition implies zero shear stress at the free surface.

c. What physics can you ascribe to each of the terms in the Bernoulli equation?

Term Physics
p
Flow work

1 2
V Kinetic energy
2
gz Potential energy

d. What is the key difference between an initial value problem and a boundary value problem?

The key difference is in the auxiliary conditions. For an IVP, all of the auxiliary conditions must be
specified at the same value of the independent variable. For a BVP, the auxiliary conditions are specified
at different values of the independent variable.

e. Consider the equation given. Define all of the symbols and draw a diagram showing how they are
V
2
p
related.  
n 

Symbol Definition
p Pressure (static)
n Coordinate normal to the streamline
ρ Density of fluid
V Speed of fluid
 Radius of curvature of streamline

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f. What is the value of  for straight streamlines? What can we conclude about the pressure when the
streamlines are straight?



Thus, for straight streamlines, the pressure change normal to the streamlines is zero.

g. Solve the following ODE. Assume the right hand side of the ODE is constant.

2
d u 1 dp

dy
2
 dx
u 0 @ y 0
 yx  0 @ y h

du 1 dp
Integrate once  y  C1
dy  dx
1 dp 2
Integrate again to get u( y)  y  C1 y  C 2
2  dx
Impose the boundary conditions to get

dp   y  y
2 2
h
u( y)     2 
2  dx   h  h
 

h. What is the key difference between statics and hydrostatics?

The term “statics” implies that nothing is moving; in other words, the forces are in balance. This is true
for both statics and hydrostatics. The key difference is that in hydrostatics a fluid imposes pressure on
submerged surfaces. In the simplest case, the pressure is a linear function of the fluid depth. That
pressure exerts a force which must be balanced by other forces in the system.

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