Peace Corps Lessons in Fijian PDF

Lessons in Fijian
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FIJIAN
S e_lilg and Pronunciation
Although one's first guide to

pronunciation is that
a speaRer Of Fijian, from time to time it is
necessary
to pronounce.mords from the written form.
The Fijian
spelling system h sullh a high nf C0nSI_5 tenCy Lie
tween symbol and sound that
an acceptable pronunciation
will be possible in most cases.
It must be remembered, however,

that the relationship
between a sound and the letter
that-symtoli itis
arbitrary. Failure to recognize this has led to a proli-
feration of criti,isms about the Fijian spelling
system,
mostly because forms are not
pronounced as they would he
if they wem Engli h words.
In the explanation belo',,
English examples are used to give
an approximation of the_
'Fijian pronunciation. But they serve
as only an approxi-
mation, and no more.
CONSONANT3 Approximate English Equiv4,lent
pl
p (Without the puff of air that
accompanies.an Engiiah p in words
like pin. -Closer to tir.-Y E in sLln.
NOTES
1. E is used only in borrowed words.

(as in uigiih not.
(as in English
No English symbol. This sound is made

by trilling or tapping the tip of the
tongue against the r,um, ridge. opanish
has a similar r sound.
dr
No Eng ish symbol. This soun , al-
though interpreted as dr is actually
the above r sound preceded by n.
1 in English like, bu made w _h

the tIp of the tongue t uc ng the
bac f the teeth rather t
gum
n the
dge.)
(as in English wet,
y ( adc wIth less tens__ -ss of muscle

than the English sound. This sound
occurs only before a.)
VOWE
Fijian has fiv- vowels, thereby

using the ame vowel
symbols-that English But there the imilarity ends.
The sounds represented are
nearer-to those of Spanl-h or
Latin AlthoUgh'fOur of the Fijian ioweIs sound
A
to the Engli-h vowels in the
words given as equivalents,
the former do not end in a lIde.
Por the first four of
the following examples, only
the starting point Of-the
4
de with the tip of the tongue
on the back of the teeth,' rather than
on the gum ridge, as in English. Also
with less air-rnore like stone than
tone.)
rt like sk± than key. In faster

sp-_ h, particularly before an
'unstressed vowel, there is not a
definite stoppage of air, but on y a
narrowing of the passage. It also
may become voiced in this position.
No Eng.lish example can be given, but
the sound is similar to the in
German sagen.)
mb (like mL in
nd (like nd in cani
,
ng ike ng In finEor.)
No English symbol. Thio consonant

sounds very similar to English v, but
is made by narromlng the opening.betm en
the lips, rather than between the low r
lip and upper teeth) as in EngliSh.
th then.)
m (as in English mat.)

DiphthOngs,
Although vowels like that In English make do not

occur in Fliian, ome similar ones do. In vi f
there is more culation of the I than the o
ma in r spech, sequences like this becni
.
more anct mope liRe d phthongs.
Stress
In any se
me are pronounced With
more lo dness or stress, than others. I- some
the stress is predi- able. It will occur under the 1oilow
irig concat
1. On lon,, vewe7
the secoiidtoiast vol,Jel, unless the las

;el Is long.
Ti four-syllable words, on not onl

the seeon
to-I sylie but also the first.
longe: words, only cond!itions 1 and 2
hold. Other
stresses are unpredictable.
P _ONUNCIATION DRILLS
ne learning a secon1 langua e has a ter-

to interpret the sounds he hears in
terms of his
'language. -Thus he produces what
is commonly called a
forel,n accent. The followiAg drills are aimed to give
the student practIce with the
sounds Of Fijian that
lik ly't- be most dIffIcult for
a speaker of English tG

English sound, a d not ide, should be used as
a model.
make.
En lish boat.
English move.
The a in Engl -h father is a.better

example than those preceding; there is
no off-glide in either the English or
the Fijian sound.
Long _vo els
In describing English sounds, the te_ 'Ion was

traditionally applied to certain
vowels and referred,
mainly to the quality -f the sound.
For Fijian the term
is used in quite a di ferent sensethat
of duration.
The difference between i and
is that the latter las
longer than the former. Each of the five vowels can occur
long, and'there are pairs of .words that
differ only in
that one has ,a short vowel and the other has
a long
one. Failure to mark thIs difference is one of
the:major
weaknesses of the,traditional spelling
system. In the
,
present teaching material as well as in recent

grammars
and dictionaries, .long vow-ls
are marked as above'-- ith
a macron.

nia 'benumbed' new (one dialect)
way
B. Repeat the Fijian.
2. Fijia.1 vowel sequences vs. English diphthons.
In certain positions, Fijian vowel sequences arc

similar to Enp:lish diphthongs. , But for Fijian, there
two peaks, compared with one for the English

examples.
A. Listen, but don't xepeat.
Fijian English
tel 'seacoast' tie
tau fall (rain) town
tao 'entangled' town
tel 'plant' take
tou (plant) ow
bai 'fence' by
Bau 'Eau' bough
bei 'accuse' bay
bou 'house post' bow
cai 'copulate' thy
cau 'present' thou
cei 1who-' they
cou 'bald' though
dau. 'expert' ,endow
dei 'firm' day
dou 'you three' dough
kai 'shell' kite
8
tO recognize and produco.
1. Fijian lonF; vowels vs. English diphthoncs.
Here, a 1on-7, 1ts lons.er in duration ti.ah a
short vowea, ar.6 tir. is not significant change in quality.

,In the ,tollowing exerce, -ijlan long vowels
are contr:c'ted
ur:th sinli-ar English diphthon-thtit Is glided vowels.
A. Li:lten, but dr,iHt rt7,11;
Fijian
tI 'tpa' tea
'combine tow
tti 'stand' two
.
ki (fish) key
k3 "hero' Kay
coo'
bI '11c-avy, be
bo 'seizc' bow
'oil 'drinking coconut' boo
Adi 'empty'
\d5 'animal exerement' day
d& 'rotten' dough
,d-T1 ',indeed' (dialect) do
,
m1 'urinate' me
65 'goat' may
53 1
some f
so
mu 'buttocks' moo
9
soke 'knot' i 'pick fruit by twist
kele 'anchor keli 'dig'
s.ple 'covered wi mats' soli 'give'
sore 'seed' sori reeds'
B. RGpeat.
,
Initial j.
The use in the Fijian spelling system of g for [ni

.
stems from a convention established'elsewhere in the
Pacific- .by the earlly missionaries.

It is similar to the
final seu.ld in English sin3, but its occurrence in word-
initia] nosition in Fijian presents special problems to

speakern of EnpdisP
A. Listen'to the if.. rst serie , then repeat.
aga. aga
[Repeat five times
ga
ogo ogo ogo go go

[Repeat five times
14.a II
' [Repea five times]
ege ege e e
[Repeat five times]
ugu uT:u gu gu
[RePeat five tim ]
3. Rppeat
--Ta 'gape' gai 'pet pi

galu 'dumb' gatu ta a''
gE 'do' Ri 'to queal'
gone 'child' 7f7;u lernest,
gunu 'drink' gusu 'mouth'
10
ka 'tree
kei 'of' Kay

kou t ut' coat
B, ReocaL the F1jLan.
Long Ort vowels.

A. LAstn, but d 't rep
kila 'wild' kilã 'know
la itchy' mila .ratch'
tara 'built' tara 'touch'
toro 'shave' tor3 'pig sty'"
eula 'needle'
lolc 'coconut juiee '

1o1- (type _
kaka tutter' kaki; 'parrot'

kola ''.ut in pieces' kol5 (transitive)
1
B. Repeat
4. Final -e vs.
Although in faster speech there is some falli

together of these two sounds,
kept distin-t in
slower speech.
A. ,Li ten,-ba don repeat.
sis (fish) s1s 'slide
kab coVer n. oco- kab 'adhere'
nut leaf'
qa 'old person' ciasi 'crawl'
yate 'liver' yati''move wly'
teke 'kick teki
11
C. Lstcn but rr.peat.
ra ro
rau ruku
rawa ,roko ratu
rou rut
-4-
In speech, thc sound is often ma

)=1,nc
e gum ridge only once with
the tip f the tongue.
similar to the articulation o
/ in Ame):.1,..
Engiis h.
E. Li- en, d -'t repeat.
later
-latter water
matter butter
batter city
better pity
F. Repeat.
G. Listen, but don't repeat;\
cara 'clear path' koro -lage'
et_ 'pri.i;e kiri
\
ciri 'drift' kar 'Iwle canoe

cori tether' .,keve
CQP0 single'
kirovhollow
H. Repe,,t.
I. Li-t n, but repea

12

egative
.Some learners subst tute [

-or [ng] for Listen
the fOilowng nironuniati
_
gone [gone]
galu [ ]
gusU Tng sul
gatu [ngatu]
- D. Repest
gone galu gusu gatu
E. D
Repond with r1pht or wrong for the following

att mpts to produce an
initial Er13
na RIMIT rusu RIGHT .
RIGHT :
WRONG .gusu WRONG hi RIGHT ,
ngone WRONG rRuiu WRONG. nOe RIGHT,

nunu RIGHT n5 - RI.,_ _ .gatU WRONG
ge .,WRONG n al RIGHT ng5 'WRONG
6. TrIlled dr flap
For the production of a tonguet ip.
trill- the tongue
is no manipulated
Voluntarfly, but dnstead moved by the
air stream. Although the sound does nbt
. occur in the
English sound syatern,
some 'children prodbce it when Irni-
tating a motor o :a machine
gun.
A. DemonStration. Listen, but dp not repea
-Repeat
13
Prenas tops b., )1.,
These sprenasali', stops are very sImilar to Eng)ill

nd.[, and na (as in finger) , but in Fijian they occUP
in wo-)M-initial position as well
as medial. Initially,,
the .easalization before the [b]
and the [d] may be ra:t.):
-weak; that before [g] is
mainta Tied. .
.
A. .Li ten but don't repeat'.
ba Tfish fenr-.0 dl ' fe es '
/s
CII
bai fence) dara 'slip' (jai 'then'
11R)E3
,...,..
dau 'commit ad l- ery' galo 'swim'
j51,/heavily laden' vodo 'ride' oq3 'thi5
obo 'clap" keda 'us'
7/ Vu4a ' many I-
,
9. Prenasali ed trill or Tlap.
.Tho sound that is written dr
'is phonetically. a
[
eqmnee 04 a 'plUs a- trilled or flapped

r. The d
result of the movements the
tongue goes through in
transition frco n to r.
A. Listen, but don t repeat.
dra 'blood'
vadra 'pandanus
drau leaf'
kedra 'their° .
dr-e- 'pull'
tadra 'dream'
dri 'sea cucumJ.1
7
dre 'run away '
H..: Repeat.
14

ra rT)
rai rogo rusi

rau roka ruku
rawa roko ratu
rou rui
Repea
Contrast between R v [a] and English v [y].

[not to be taped]
Fijian v, although very ar in sound to EnglIsh

! Is not produod wIth the lips and
the teeth, but .with
I?oth 1ips instead. The lips are rather spread, not rou ded,
Temonstration_[visual] the difference between
Fijian and English v.
Fijian Engli
vR 'four' /va/
vei 'there' /Vey/
,you
/vow/
vau 'hibiscus' i
vow
via 'want .
via
y5 'urinal' /vow/
B. Repeat.
va v3 YU
vei vatu vosa
You vola vua
vau, voli vudi
via vonu vuka

that there is sometimes a meaninr;
change in the transfer,
But the Fijl.an forms are atTleest
partially predletni
from the English sources.
Because uf the nature of the two

sound -ystems--
Engli*h and. Fijianthe
loans have'heen adapted to fit
.
Fijian sysi-em and Still, for the

most part, sound as
close to the original model
a,fs possible. The chancPr3
occuv are due not only to the'differences
in the lists
of vowel* and consonants, but also
to the way they pat-
tern in each syStem. An English
syllable is a phonemtcal)-
complek unit, capable of beginning
with as many as th,:-c.c,:
-consonants .(/ornstsnrnst's). HoWeveT 'a F3jian sylla -
ble consists either of-avowelalone,
or a cofisonant
followed.by a vowel. The result of
this difference in
otructures Is that Ent.7,11sn consonant
cluter... .4re
reduced for the,Fijian form, or they - ,
are separated by
inserted vowels. Since final consonants do not ochu:,
Fijian, either reduction occUTS)
or a final vowel is
added.
The following chartsshoW poss'ble

correspondences
for English and Fijian sounds.
1 ti

EngisboowIns
As the Fijians contact with nglish-speaking people
increased, It was inevitable that
they would accept not
only the f reigne
contributions to their ulture,-bu
also their names for these
gifts. these are some examples:
alakao alcohol
,aijini
aua hygiene
hour
misila measles
manui
man-of-war
By 1941 (the date of the Fij

an dic ionary ), it
likely that the number of Engli h
borrow ngs inuse was
already higI However, the dictionary lIsts fewer
than
250. ,In 19681 approximately 450
pags of newspaier text
were culled for borrowings', and
over 500-were Counted,
not Including prope1. names.
The disparity between the.-
numbers shows that it is
diffIcult for'beginning students
of the language to read.the
newspaper with the aid or
the-dictionarys,since many of the Fijian
spellings seem
quite unlike to'English'spurce
wordsi and many of Its
meanings are rather different
in Fijian. In addit on'to
the borrowings omit ed in'.1941 and
those that have come
into use'after that date,-there
are some like kOteme
'god damn (It) and konoVoe succession of men having
int6reourse wi'h one woman' (English
'convoy') that are
not likely to find their way ,into a ,dictionary
comp_ led,
by a' Missionary. the ekamples show' that the En lish
sources for the borro_ings are not always obvious
and
'17
Cons onant Correspondences
MIC, LT SU FIJIAN -Fr

p
V
c
k Ii
/IT 6
nt d
rjk q rig d
ji
't1
d d
t IT.
nd
ix;
S s (1)
.V V
18

el Corresponuences
ENGLISH FIJIAN
u
.
ey
.e e
a
a a
ew au
ay
uw
W
OU
01
0
The added vo els are di_ficUlt't0 predl

are,hy far the most comb with (0---:othetImes. 0c_curring
after 1, a after lc, and u aft But in some words,

aiimIlation takes place, and the',a clod vowel ie the
same as surrounding vowels.

-S3_ONS _
A i matal nilEs
-reetings; Whe Classroom and language-learning
.,xpre5sions; expressio
Dialogue for mcmoriat ion.
A. sa yadra. Good mo ming.

B. NI2 s. hula.
Greetin
A. -Oni.2 s-a lake ki vei.
Wh re- a
B. Ki na makete.1 To the market.
A. E vei beka3 na
markc
Be Cya. Darulr Over there. Let's
A. To. S. vinaka. OK. -Good.
NOTE5
1. -L6soni shows some or the commonest

pa 3.
TisrordS-. -The consonants provided no.problem
form; phonetically-Fijian 1, and,ff are not iloch
fvom the correspon-'ingGnglish
to be expected) but the second sounds. Tbe.ft
of Enc,lista spelling. is probably the
The i added at the .end Ls fro
ilon, pai-t
after n mad other dental br alvolzcr
Llounds. 8ince'Fijian regularly stresses the second-tf,
'last vowel,seme forms,similar to this
first- 'vowel,. thus stressing that one have a
,losely the English stre4s pattern..
one and mytChiJT mci
This, .alon i
:.;on,monwealth pronunciation or syllable-final
for the long vowel in m5ke_ , in the dialogue-.r, f, .
20

1.2
2. OnT can be plural, bLt here-it is a polite form for

For many of the .o- pronouns, ko- also appear
one,. person.
0--,forms usUally occur at the-beginning of sentences
ind elsewhere in faster sp ch. There is no difference in
xeaning.
3. Beka is also ed for politeness,- It has the effect
of making a reques or suggestion less abrupt. 7
4, Daru -s to two people, the speaker and the person

spoken to . called 'inclusive,' since it includes
the latter.
II. epetItion drill.
Repe t the- following after the n del.
S. yadra 'Good morning.

sa bula Greetings.
Greetings.
sa yadr6, saka-. Good morning, sir.
SR bula, saka. Greetings, sir.
Drau bula. Greeting6 to yoU (2).
Dou bula. Greetings' to yOu (3).
Ni sa bula, na marana greetings to a crowd)
10i ha ttraga.
3. mo e. Goodbye.
saka. Goodbye,
III. Reoetitiondrill.
Et7-12.2asIP
SR bula, . Ni sH bula.
sa yadra. Ni BR Yadra.
Vinaka na eacacak Io.
Ni Mai kana mada. SR Vinaka. (yes)
SR vinaka vakalevu. (no)2
0 hula vinaka?' I°, vaka-lailai.
sa mooe. Ni sH moce.
Drau bUla. Ia, vinaka na hula.
NOTES
Mada is used D make coMmands or.mquest abiupt.

The -Enzlish _valent might be Nould you m nd.
These: -t essions dr ot al ays refer to 'yes'
and 'no'. It can be the .onation that mak s the
distinctior

1.3
V. Simp e substitutjon drill.
1
Cue
Sentence pattern
E vei beka na makete?
make e E vei beka
.tUraga na makete.
E vei beka na tUraga?
marama E vei-beka
vale na marama?
E vei beka na Vale?
vale lailai ,E vei-beka
koro na vale laila1 .
E vei beka na koro

makete E vei beka na make e?
VI. Supplementary dialogue.

1
A: 0 cei na yacamunT? What's your name?
B: Na yacaqu o Rusi, My name's Rusi.
Na yacamunT? Your name?
A:. Oiau, o Jone. I'm John.
B; OnI lako mai vei? Where do you come om?
.
A: Au lako mai Hawaii. I come from Hawaii.
Oni sa iako Mai Where do you come
vei?
_Au lako mai Bau.- come from Bau.
vu . work- ph ci cia _room expressi ons:*

Yalo vinaka. Please.
Tale mada. Again.
Vaka-malua.
Vaka-totolo. Fast.
Vosoti,au. Pardon me.
Tulou.6 Pardon me.
SE dodonu? It is right?
Io. Ye
Sega. -No6
Au sega.ni I'don't know.
E,sega ni macala,
nit Icy rut tw\t-'444.,,('%.,r I) don't understand.
a LA larsvc, /TOT clear)
box-LA sdia kohe-.
Wi-11
NOTES
1, 0 <or ko in slower speech) occurs before proper

koya 'he, she', and cei 'who' when noum
used. another marker is not
FOr example, in Au lake mai Hawaii, o is not used
before Raw ii, since
01.
mar-fiiii6117-7-
2. Tulpu (or tilou) is always used if soMeone p'asses
something, stands, or reaches over another person's head,
particularly ir that person is of high rank. It is also
said when walking through a crowded area with little
walking space. It is not used in the other ways that
English 'excuse me' or 'pardon me' is used; that is, to .
attract someone's attention, to take leave, or t -apologize

.for an impolite action.
A cava beka na vosa vaka- What's the English word for

vdlagi ni ?'
A cava beka,na vosa vaka- What's theJljian word or.
viti ni '?
A cava beka ni kena What the meaning of
balebale na
Vinaka. Thank you. (good)
Vinaka vaka-levu. Thank you very much.
VIII. VOcabulary.'
a cotmon article
a i the
au 1st person sin ular
balebale, meaning'
Bau island name
beka perhaps, if you pleare,
expressing doubt
buia live, recover from illness;
alive, sound in health; li
sa bula 'good day, hello'
eakacaka work
eava what, which -.
eel' who
darU 1st person dual inclusive
dodonu right, correct, straight
dou 2nd person trial
drau-.. 2nd person dual
(1) verbal particle, (2) in, at
- ía,e
but, and; sometimes also as a
variant on io 'yes'
1.6 yes
kana eat
kei with, and
ki toltowards
kili know
koro village
koya, oyi that, ther_ di
lako ,g0
1-6soni lesson (Engl.)

1.5
macala _clear, plain, intelligible
mada please; ,used to make a comMand
or suggestion less--abrupt
makete market (Engl.)
marama lady
matai first
moce sleep, goodbye
-muni 2hd person plural or singular
polite
na marker for common nouns-
ni_ of
hi 2nd person plural. See onr
.
o marker for proper nouns. Also,.ko

oiau contraction of ko 4- au
oni -2nd person plural or singular
polite. Also, konS
-qu 1st person singular
-..sa
verbal par icle-
saka sir, madam
sega no
_sega ni not,
tale again
tulou pardon me
tUraga chief
vaka-lailai a little
vaka-levu greatly, a lot-
vaka-malua S
slowly
Yaka-totolo fast
Vaka-valag English
Vakaviti S
Fijian
vale _
house
vale lailai toilet
vei where
vinaka good, thank' you
vosa speak, talk; word, talk, speech,
'language
vosotl au pardon me
yaca name .
yadra Wake, good mQrnIrg -
yalo vinaka lease
24

2 1
FIJIAN
A i ka rda ni soni
(Who? Equat onal sentences1 Attrlbuti. on)
I. .
Dialogue to be memorized.
John: 0 cei oy? Who's that?
Rusi: 0 Pita. It's Peter.
ohn: E kai2 Viti 0 IsAic Fiji
koya?
Rusi: Io. E gone3 ni Yes. He's from Vanua Levu.

Vanua Levu.
John: A cava na nona Wha his ork?
cakacaka?
Rusi: E qase ni vuli. He's :a teacher.
John: 'nE koro nI vuli Which school?
cava?
Rusi: Queen Vic oria Queen VictorIa School.
School.
John: E koro ni vuli Is it,a good schdol?
vinaka?
Io. E dua na Yes. It'sa good school...

koro ni vuli
vinaka.
1.- The phrases iii the equatIonal sent nces can be _Arked
Co cei)'(oya)
(a: cavd) (na nona cakacaka)
(e kai Viti) (o koya)
2. Kai refers to an inhabitant of a place. Once used
only for males, it can now beu ed for females also.
3 The literal meaning-of gone is 'child'.
23
2.2
II. Repeti ion.
na tUraga oya? Who's that chief.
na marama oya? Who's that lady?

O cei o koya? Who's be?
0 cpi oya? Whols that .dis ant)?
O cei oq3? Who's this?
O eel ociori? _Who's that -(by a-dre ee).
O cei o i a? Who are they (plural
O cei na yacamunI? What'S your
mple substitution.
Cue Sentence ER11.=
O cei oq6?
oq5 O cei oqö?
o koya O cei o koya?
na tUra a
na marama
-na yacamunT
na qase ni vuli
na yacana
- IV. RepetitiOn,
Na koro ni vull cava? Which-sehool?

Na.mikete cava? WhAch'market?
.Na leeoni cava? Which lesson?
Na korocava? Which Villa -e?
Na,tUraga eava? Which Chief?
Na marama cava? -Which lady?'
V. Simple substi ution.
Pattern: Na koro ni,vul_ caVa?

Cue Sentence E!1:12=
No koro ni vuli cava?
kor0 ni vull Na,koro ni vuli_cava?

2.3
makete. 9
lEsoni
koro
taraga
marama
tamata
yalewa
tagane
gone
,cakacnka
VI. Repetftion.
E dua na gone. A child.

E dua na cauravou. 'A youth.
E dua na vale. A hous.e.
E dua na (lase. 'An old person.
E dua na (lase ni vuli. A teacher.
E dua.na koro. A.village.
E dua na koro ni vuli. A school'.
E .dua na niu. A coconut.
E dua'na .61 ni niU. A coconut
E dua na vu ni kau. A tree.
ViIa. SImple substitutIon.
Cue Sentence pattern
E dua na gaselni_vuli o ko--

-; matai 'E.dua na matai o koya.
tBraga E dua na.tUraga o koyn.
dau teitei E dua na dau teite-1
kai Viti 9
kai Merika
kai mua
bull
'tamata vinaka
cauravou
(lase .
VIIb.
'Cue Sentehce p_ttern
Na koro cava?
koro ni vpli Na koro ni vuli cava?

gaze Na gaze cava?
clase nivuli Na (lase ni vuli cava?
27
2,11
gone -
:gone vuli
vale
eauraveu
yalewa
tagane.
VIII. Simple subs

Cue ence pAtteED
na kai Viti o koya.

o Pita dua na
,
o
:
Viti o Pita.
E ,dua na kai Viti o koya.
oiau -)E dua na kai Viti
o iko
,na tamat6, OQ Z,
ha eauravou oqb
na yal.eWa oqo .
na tUraga oyM.
na gone vuli ocj
na qase ni vuli oq0
IX. -Repetition.
Repeat the above sen ences after the model, which

now
has question intonation.
X. Question and ansv

The following questions themselves serve as a modLI for
the answer.- Only io-'yes' need be added, and the intona-
tion thanged.from EiTicstion to statement. The word order
remains-the same. -
Question Answe
E dua na gone vuli o koya? Io, e dua na gpne vull o keya.
mataisau
tiiraga
kai mua
kai Viti:;
gone vull .
qase ni vuli
eauravou
marama
dau teitei
tamata vinaka 8
,puli

2.5
XI. Repetlition.
Na tiaraga levu The big chief

Na t5raga vinaka The good chief
Na valesvinaka The good house
Na vale levu .5
The big house
Na vale lailai The small house, the e
Na koro lailai Tho small village
Na koro levu The big village
Na vale batabata The cool.house
Na vale balayu The,long -house,
Na vale tabu-' The. church (lit.
XII.. SimDle
Pattern: E dua na vale vinaka

Cue Sentenoe pattern
E dug na vale vinaka.
ta -E dua na vale
levu E dua na vale levu.
lailai
Amtaka_a
batabat
tabu
balavu
tTiraga,
XIII. Variable slot drill.

One or the=other of the underlined words in the model
may be replaced by the cue.
Cue Sentence
E dua na tamata Vinaka.

Ca dua ha tamata 'ca.
koro E chra n a koro
yalewa
mãtai
gone
-lallai
vale
_batabata
1..-11R1e- tabu is the patholio term for eh: ch building.

The geiieyahs use. vale_ni 1otu.
29
2.6
draki
vinaka
ea
bull
balavu
vu ni niu
XIV. Question and answe

Pattern: A cava oqö? /ha 's ths
Cue (11 h pi-cturos) Re onse
-17171 nI niu cieTd na vti ni ni

vale Oclori na vale.
vale lailai Oqorl na vale lai -1.
'vale tabu
yalewa
tagane
gone
koro
-mataisau
gone dau
dau teitei
)"%f. Vocabulary
balavu long, tall

batabata cold, coolness
bull- administrative offlcal
ca bad, evil, ruin
cauravou youth
dau .
expert
dau teitei farmer
draki weather
dua blle; preceding nouns it bece
n.indefinIte article as e dua
V. na,tamata ''a man'
gone child
gene dau A
fisherman
gone vuli student
ike 2nd person singular
ira 3rd person plurAl
ka. As i ka prefix ferming ordinal
. ruirTirals from cardinals;
ka rua 'second'
ka inhabitant of
kal mua sailer
katakata -hot, feverish
kau wood- stick, tree
30
2,7
kbro ni vuli
koya a school
lanai 3rd person singular
levu small
matai big, r,reat, large
mataisau ,sMart, expert, skilled; carpen
Merika carpenter
mua America. Also Aterika
-na as in kal_mua
niu 3rd pen Zngular
oc13 coconut
oqori here, this -(by the speaker)
(lase there, that (by the addressee)
(lase ni vuli
old person
rua teacher
two
tabu
tagane aecyed orbidden
tamata male
tpitei, i person
vale tabu farm, arden plo
Vanua Levu church buIldIng.
aecOnd largest-isla d in the
Viti Fiji Group
vu Fiji
vuli root, source
ni kau learn,
vtl ni niu
tree,
yalewa coconut tree
wamen
2, 1

3 1
A ::_
ka tolu ni 16soni
(Comment-tvici Wh(,re?: LocEJ.ve s; Review
equational srntenc Question into
I. Dia -gue to be menorId.
A: A cave a cakava What 's he dein
o :oya?
E cakacaka,tiko.
E cakacakc tiko
e vei?
E cakacaka tiko mel He's

Suva. Suva.
E .i_vu na nona Lots _f w

cakacaka?
B: lo E levu dina. Yes. Heally lots.
A: S5 ded& na.nona Has he wrked there long.
cakaeaka e kea?
B: I°. Si tolu na three years.
1. The comment part of a'ae to

It is SiErfc(iTiTo the predicato w1,-%t is happenin
the doer of' the action or the subj&cL The Lp_pie sta-es
of the comment. Note
that in English that the topic is mentio
ed- first, and then_
something is said about it. In Fijian, the
sentence types is revrirsqd. order for mar-Ay
Notice that In tne second, third-, and

fourth lines in
the dia3oguee the tcpic'(which could be 0 koya
omitted.
AneT) is
This is normal conversti.onal stYle;
were restated in each sent3nco, the style if the topic
The drills, which do not , tempt to be would oe stilted.
include both thecomment conversational, 0
Eind the topic,
2. T!,.ko, which means literally
the verb to Andicate a p-x)grossi stay', is used after
or habitual action.
3_ In many- sentences, se.- and e. ae interchangeable
times, Sa is more emphatfc than c. At
-_the difference more explicitly have Attempts to exp ain
usually failed.
Imitate the model.
32
3. 2
II. RepetitIon dr1Y.

cakacaka til _ He rking.
moce tiko_ o Rus .
Rusi1s s1coping
0 moku s _ o i110. You're wasting time.
dabe tlko na qc The old man is sitting down.
cici tiko na gone. The child is. running.
dci tiko o He running.
vosa tiko o Jane John talking.
laga sore tiko o More. Mary . singing.
cialo tiko o RusA .
Rusi swimming.
goli tike a koya. He's fihing.
-ubstitutlon.
Cue .
Sentence
_
-oak& tiko o koya.

iako E lako tiko o koya.
Rana E kana tiko o koya.
laga sere
moce
gale
gen
moku siga
yobs a
gito
tu cake
dabe
eici
gale
vaka-cegU
Sentence
E dua2 na gone.
rua E rua ha gone.
tolu E telu na gone..
[The ins uctor cent nues the drill With numbers up to ten.]
1. Moku silra means literally 'kill the day '

2. . Numeral. fit into the same slot as the verbs In the
previous drills. E ruu na .gone means literally 'are two the
children' ;an idiomatic tvanslation is 'two children' 'or
'there are two children
33
IV. Q 5tion and anL-,wer.
With pi
Sample
Q: A cava aj?
e dua na rone.
Q: A cava e cakava lAka?
A: E cabct1ko a k
Other ve.rbs that can be alctured .
mace
kana
puny
taubale
cici
.laga
qoli
siwa
(-Tito
b. 1,..Tith objec
P. eava ocla
A: Oco_-i,:na pent.-
Other ob -cts
vola
sote
tarauses-
i vava
vinivb
Repetitaon.
E levu na vale 1 The house is big. (or, There
are a_lot Of houses.
vinaka na vale. The house iS'good.
1. Note tha_ ese 'adjectives fit into the

there is no structural differencesaale pattern'as
_
lierbs. Thus
.Sa kama na vale 'The-house as burning between:
and
Sa levu-na vale 'The house is big.'
34
3.11
vinaka na waga . rThe canoe is Good. ,
lanai na The canoe is .small.

laliai na motoka. The car is small.
E cd na motokR. The car is bad.
cA na moto. The spoar is bad.
balavu na mote. The spear is long.
balavu na gaunisala. The road Is long,
vinaka na gaunisala. The road Is good.
lovu na vanUa. The place is big.
vinaka na vanua. The land is good.
VI. Simpl, substitution.

Cue Sentence
SE na vale.
lailaI Sd lailai na vale.
batabatE SE batabatdna vale.
katakata sa katakata na Vale.
vinaka
makawa
-galala
lekaleka
tabu
VII. Varlab e -lot.

Cue Sentence
SE levu na vale.
vinaka S. vinaka na vale._
motokd S5 Vinaka na motok5.
eR SR CR na motokd.
waqa Sd cã na waa.
.kamp sa kama na
'A:dtblo Sd totold na wage.
bogi S5 totolo na bogi;
batabatd Sd_batabatd na bogi.
kEkana sa batabatd na kakana.
levu sa levuna kRkana,,.
uoa 85 levu.na uCa.
-alga sa siga na uca.
vanua S5 siga na Vanua.
buti5 sa buto na vanua.
VIII. QestIon and answer.

3;5
Qu- tion Answer
_
SA levu na uca? Io, ga levu na uca.
sa vinaka na vale Io, si Ninaka na vale.
.sa balavu na gaunisa_a? #
sa bula vinaka na tUraga?
Si kele na moto1c5?
sa lailaina uca?
Si.batabati na val-?
Si soko na waqa?
Si gata na mote?
sa yawa na yanuyanu?
sa levUna koro?,
sa vinaka na kikana:
Si vinaka na vale ni kana?
Si vinakana valet ni yagona?
Si Vinaka na vale ni yagona ni
Viti.
Si ievu na'ika?.
IX. iven the cue, which may be'either

eons uct a sentence on the above model topic or,comment,
Cue
Possible relp_ars1R
ika
Si levu na ika.
E tolu na ika.
vinaka Si,vinaka na ika.
levu
,balavu
-batabati
koro
vale'
waqa
uca
vale ni kana
X. .Repetifion.
E lako ki na mikc o koya.

E tiko Mai Suva.4-
E lako mai Merika o,Pita.
-E cakacaka tiIo mai Viti o:koya.
E. lake ki na vale ni kana o Rusi.
1. Place .naTes take no additional marker

the directionals. when used with
Thus:
ki na mikete
ki Suva
36

3.6
tiko mai Vanua Levu o Mere.

E lako ki na motoka o Sala,
E lako ki na waqa na tUraga oc-15.
E eakacaka tiko mai, na koro ni v-1 ta'a oq3.
rwna
XI. Simple substituA on.

Cue Sentence
E lako kl Suva o koya.

Lautoka E lako ki Lautoka o koya.
na bose E lako ki na bose o koya.
na waqa
na motok4
na bose.
-na vale ni yagona
na vale ni kana:
na vale ni kuro
na koro-
_na koro ni vuli
Vanua Levu
na sitoa..---
na-yanuyanu
Tamavua
XII. Que-tion and cr.

Ques-ion: E lako ki vei o koya?
Cue Answer
na makete E lako ki na makete o koya.
.Suva- E lako ki Suva o k6ya.
Lautoka
na bose
na wkla
na vale ni kana
na vale ni kuro
na vale ni yaciona
na vale ni yagena ru vavRiagis
na koro
na koto ni vuli
'Vanua LevU
na sitoa
:.TamaVua
na yanuyanu'_ 37

3.7
XIII.. Simple subs titution.
Cur IC
Era lako mat .Lau na gone vuli.

Era gone r1 Lau.
Vat )0,,oula
Era lako mai Vat koula na g-ne
vuli.
Era gone ni Vatukoula.
Nac_ f
BR
'Sicatoka
Navua
Tavua
Labasa
Savusavu
Lakeba
XIV. Q A- 'ion and answer.
Cue Sentence
_
Era lako mai vei na A talatala?

Era lako mai Lakeba.
ZLI a vu
Era lako mai vei na-i tal- ala.
Era lako mai Savusavu.
Labasa
Sbmosomo
Lami
Wainibuka
Korolevu
Sigatoka
Lomaiviti
Yasawa
XV. RepetItion.
E tiko mai Lakeba o-koya.

Era tiko mai Korolevu na yalewa.
'E cakacaka tiko e Hawaii o Samu4',
E Vulf tiko e Hawaii o koya,.
I. Mai is used with place- away from tli- der. 'Thus, .
someone in Suva would us0 mat .ri1fl sayin6 u one is from

Nadi. But if he said someone was from. Suva or FIjI, he would-
tise e. -- _
38 Hosted for free on livelingua.com

3.8
XVI. SubstItution. Use mai or e, depending on the

location of the spea er and of tho cue.
Cue Sen'ente
E tiko c Hawaii o kaya.

Suva E tiko mai Suva o koya.
Merika E tiko.e Merika-o koya.
LMoloka'i
Hilo
Lautoka
Hamakua
Tavua
Rakiraki'
YasaWa
Lau
Lomaiviti
XVII. Vocabular
bogi night
bose meeting
dark'
caka-va caka 'do, make, wo
trans. takava
cidi run
dabe sit
ded6 long (time)
.dina true, genuine, since e, worthy
-era_ -3rd person plural
gade walk, stroll, gp for pleasure
galala empty
gata. -sharp
gaunisala path, track, rbad
ika fish
-kakana - food
kama -... -
burn
kea, keya, there
kele ,
arrive, come t- a stop
laga sere sing
lekaleka short _
mai preposition or place or

"movement
makawa oid
mOku hit,-usually with a stick
moku siga kill time or pass time'
moto spear
motoka motor car (Englj
peni-, pen, penny (Engl.
gale, swim .

3.9
play
fish with ne_
day, stop raining, d-ylight,
sunny
sitoa _tore (Engl.)
siwa line fishing
soko sail 4
sote shirt (Engl.)

taiatala, minister
, tarausese trousers (Engl,.).
taubale walkl str011
tiko a sign of continuation, progress ).
or habituai-action
tlko pit, remain, be in a place
tolu three
totolo fast, Cluick
cake tand up; ta. -e at a.place'
cake -'upT-
uca rain
vaka-c gu rest,-mtire
vale ni kana eating hOuse, restaurant cafe
:vale ni kUro kitchentcooking house
vale ni yagona ,yagona drinking house
vanua land, place
shoe, sandal
vavUlagi Caucasian. Also vAlagi
viniv5 dress (Engl pinafprer
vola letter, book
waqa boat
yabaki year
yanuyanu island
vaqona kava
yawa distant, distance
_
Place na-es
Korolevu
Labasa
Lakeba
Lami
L'au
Lautoka
Lomaiviti
Nadi
Nausori
Navua
Rakiraki
Savusavu
Sigatokg
Suva .
40
Somosomo

3 10
Tamavua.
Tavua
Vat ukoula
Waini0 uk a
Yas aw a

4.1
FIJ_ AN
A :1 ica v ni lsoni
(Time expresi %ft:, and future negativer via)
I. Dialogue to be memorie/. d.
A: E vei o MO An Wher,'s o? I want . to e
vial ralci koya.
E a lake' ki _Jami o He went to Lam .

keya.
E. a lako c -.Wben did he go?

8 na mataka ego. This morning.
E a sega ni lake He didn't g0 yesterday?
e nanoa?
E dai_ , No- ted y.

E n6 lesii tale mai When will he come Back?.
-p- naioa?
E na nqtca ni, Tomorrow m -ning.

mat6.,a.
II. Repet tion.

E a lake e nanea.
E a lake e na mataka
E a lake .e ncr.vula o MU.
E a lake -6 na si.ga M5nit1 .
ha lake e na siga
E na lesu tale mai ni mataka.
E na lesu tale mai ena vula 0 Ti-seba.
E na lesu tale mai e na bogi.
E na le&u tale mai e .na yakavi.
E a lesu tale mai e' nanea
t; a lesu tale .mai e na mataka.
via'want 0
r1
owed only by verbs T us Au via .
Waife to e)', Au via_gunu 'I'm thirsty I want te

Il a newt' is uthed as the -object sof 'want'
vinakata is
viAakata na k on5 'I want this' (

11.2
2. Note the difference in the answers to negative ques ions

in:English and Fijian:
',-ENGLISH: -Didnst he go? No, he didn't.
FIJIAN: .E a sega ni lako? Io (yes), e a segalli lake..
.The English answer is to the 'sense'of the question;
the Fijian-answer is to .the construction of the question.
Ia. Substitutiorr.
-Cue Sentence
E na lesu-tale mai ni mataka. _
e_na vula o Me E na lesu tale.mai e na vula,o

-e,na vula o Januerl E na lesu tale mal e na vula o
Janueri.
e na vula o Maj .
e namataka ni mataka
e n4 bogi
e ,na.bogi ni mataka
e na yakavi
-e na yekavi ni mataka
.e daidai
e na yakaVi e daldai
e na mataka
e na mataka e daidai
Mb.
E na vula 0 Januer
,
niti' E na (Aga nniti.

Januar-
Feperueri.,
Vakarauwai
[continue with mon hs anç days]
IIIc. Depending on the cue, ohoose.the approp- a e

tense marker, a or na.
E a lako e.nanoa.
EhiTa lako nr-FilTaka.
,ni mataka E na lako ni mataka..-
e nanoa E a lako.e nanoa.
e daidai E.a lako e daidai./E na lake
daidai.
e na \Tula o June E a lako e na vula o JunQ,./
E na lako e na vula o June.
e na m4taka'ni mataka E na lako-e na mataka ni mataka.

,
e na bog& ni mataka E na lake e na begi nt'

/
e na tolu na kaleke ma ka.

a lako e na tolu na/kaleko:/,
E na lako,e na toilu na kaleke.
e na mataka e
e na yakavi c nia
lea
_
na yakavi.ni matnki
a lake c na mataka e nanoaC
a,lako e na yak vi e nana.
o
e na bouj
.
na lake e na y kavi ni mataka:

a lake e na b, ./E na lako
e na bogi. /
IV. Repetition.
Au via lake- mataka.
AU via mace.
Au via kana.
E via grm.o k6ya.
O via mate2
O via laki-siwa.
O 'via g75c16?
O via aka-jcegu?
O via rrilki;
y. Subst1fut,ion.
Cue ,Sentence
0 via lake e na bog-_

lesu t le mai O via lesu tale mai e na- beg_
gunu O via gunu e'na bogi?
gunu bia O via gunu bia e na begi?
taralala . .
danlsi
gaa
lake ki na vale ni yariona
lake ki sara yaloyalo
mace e ce
kana
lake ki kana
VI. Variable slot.

Cue Senten'ce
E a via moce mai Tavua

nanea o Samu.
* The w;toriEA indlcal;e1

!
CO or a pattern in o
which new vocabulary, \
lessen, mIght be use
414
LI'.
iko E a via tiko mai Tavua e nanoa

o Samu.
lako E a via jako mai Tavua e nanoa
o Samu.-
ki E a via lake ki Tavua e nanoa
o Samu.
Peni E a via lako ki Tavua e nanoa
o Peni.
taubale E a via taubale ki TavUa.e
nanoa 0 Peni.
mai E a via taubale mai Tavua,e
nanoa o Peni
cakacaka E a via cakacaka mai Tavua e
nanoa o Peni.
e na bogi E a via cakacaka mai Tavua e
na bogi
moce E a via mace mai Tavua e na
bogi-o Peni.
na tUrao. E a via,moce mai.Tavua e -na
bogi na tUraga.
Nausori E a via moce mai NaUsori e na
bogi na tUraga.
lesu tale E a-via lesu tale mai Nausori
e na bogi na tUraga.
e na yakavi E a via lesu tale mai Nausori
e na yakavi na triraga.
e na. mataka E a via lesu tale mai Nausori
e na mataka.ha tUraga.
na Bull E a via lesu tale mai Nausori
e na mataka na bull. .
na mata ni vanua E a via lesu tale mai Nausori

e na mataka_na mata hi vanua..
VII. Question and a or.
Questions: E a lako e na sga .cava?

E na lako p na siga cava?
Cue Answer
hi mataka E na lako ni mataka.

e na mataka E a/na lake 6 na mataka.
e na sigalevu . .
e nt yakavi
e na bogi
e nanoa
e na mricawa sR otl
e na vula sA ot
e na yabakisE oti
na.mRcawa mai muri
e na vula mai ocia
e na yabaki.mai oc15 45
e na micawa mai oci5
4,5
VIII . Repetition.
Auna sega ni in'ki si ii pmtal

E a scg ni lakn e na vula
na sega ru les na stga Mbniti.
(7
E na sega.n_ lnsu taie mai e na 'vula o Tiseba.

E a scnnI lest/ mai c
E na sca ani'A, Suva o na yakavi..
sa na_sega-ni'tara valo nt mataka.
E sega ni macala-e na'slgalevu nikua.
E na sega ni lalki.Suva ci na,mTreawa mal OciTi.-
E a sega na gird5-e n loflia nf vula rua sa oti.
IX. cLL ea the -fellow.J. g -entenees.
Au na siwa ni matai.
E a lako e na vula-o
E na lesu tale mai o ,141
E na lesu- tale .mai e na vula o Tlsoba.
E a lesu mai e na bogi.
F na la'ki Suva e na yalcavi.
E sa na tara vale ni, mataka, .
E na macala e na sigaleVu nUua

E na lalki Suva e na mdeawa mai oei.
-E a gtide7 e na loma ni vula rua sl oti.
Xa. E;:picn drf11.

Cue Sentence
AU via kana.
seEa r Au .,ega.ni via kana.
vaka-lev Au saga ni via kana vaka-levu.
Au a,sega ni via kana vaka-levu.
e ha mat Au a. sega ni via kana vaka-levu
e ha mataka.
lailai' Au a Sega ni via kana vaka-levu-
e na mataka lailai.
nanoa Au a sega ni via kana vaka-levu
e na mataka lailai e nanoa.
E soko.
e r E soko e na waga.
na E na soko e na maga.
Nu E na soko e na waqa kl Mukul.,
;
E na soko e na waqa ki Nukui
e na yakavi..

A.6
,
ni mataka E na soko e na waqa ki .Nukui

p: na Yakavi ni mataka.
sega E na sega ni soko e na waqatki
Nukui e na yakavi ni mat,aka.
Xc .
o.
via
a
serra ni
ki na vale
e na bogi
na Si a TiMiti
XI. Repetit on.

Au via gunu. I want to drink.
Au vinakata na wai ni I want lemon juice.
Au via kana. I want to eat .
Au vinakata na kaka a. I want food.

b Via mate?' Do you want to die?'
O yinOcata iia maLu? Do you want death?
(t) via ;s- waY Do you want' to -fish?
0 vinakata na siwa?1 Do you like fishing?
XII. 1Sub-
Use either via_ or v
Cue Sentence
Au via alnu wai ni moll.

na k416.na Au vinakata na kakana.
sisili Au via sisili.
Slwa AU via siwa.
n,1 wa ni 1wa Au vinakata na wit ni.
yacionc. Au vintkata na yaciona.
moce' Au via moce.
dau sAwa' more often asked. Hosted for free on livelingua.com
47
na i-mocemoce .
Au vinakata na I mocemoce.
vakatotelo' Au via. vaka-totolo.
na totolo. .
.11u vinakata-na totelo.
na savasa Au vinakata na savaDava.
XIII. Supplementary dialogue..
A: , dua na kflonT Do you want any hing?

vinakata?
Io, au via raica na I d like to see the D.O.

D.O.
: A: koy ni tiko jieLs not in.

'qb.
-B: E tiko beka mai -vei Where Is he?

A: E tiko mai Nunidawa. He's in .1Tunidawa.
.B: 0 kila na gauna e na Do you know, when he is going

lesu mai kina? to be back?
Spga, au sega ni I 'don't know.
.kila.
sayinaka, au na qai Very Well, I'll be back and

mai rai tale e .na .
check on Friday.
siga VakarauW,Ika.
- the short fOrIII of min.
48.
XIV.V .abulary.
R past tense marker

bia beer_ (Engl.)
.daldal today.
'.dn1 .dance (Engl.)
D.O. bistrict Officer (En
,Feperuori February.(Eng1;)
-gauna -time
.gunu .
drink
Janueri January (Engl.)
June June -(Engl.).
kR thing
kaloko clock (Engl.)
kE, e.lc here, this plade
-kina there, there loy, there with.,
there froM
lesu return
.loma center, middle, inside
mReawa. week ,
.
Maji -March (Engl.) Also Mati_

mata _
face, eye.
mataka, na mataka
.
morning
mataka, ni mataka tomorrow
mate .
,disease, die
ME May (Engl.)
MoceMoce, I sleeping place, a,bed
moll. Citrus .
MEniti Monday (Engl.) .
muri-a
.
muri. Ef011ow'; trans. muria;

e:muri 'behind, later'.,
'ki m uri 'to the rear' ,
mai Muri 'at or from the rear
afterwards'
na ,
future tense marker
naica time, when
nanoa yesterday
Ilikua today
Nukui village on the Rewa De_ a
oti finish, after
gal now, then, so, just
rai-ca rai 'sight, vi ion, see,
understandl; trans. rai_a
sara watch
savasavR clean
sigalevu midday, noon
sisili bathe
tara build
taraialR a.kind of moke danced with both
partners EZIding arms and
facing the front, stepping
alone, with a fast beat.
49

14. 9
trans. taralalataka 'dame

with someone in airs fashiont .
Tiseba comber ngi )

Vasite sday (Erij1
va fo
Vakaraubuka
Vakarauwai Satu
via want
vinakata want, ice
vula month, n.ori
Vunidawa adininiti 3tIVe station for, the
.Proince, of Naitasiri
wa ni slwa
.
fIshing li
. wai water
yakiivi .eVera ll
yaloya o a reflectip9 ya1_pza10
0 'the image o portrait of....
'!a_l_p_sj_g11._Lya.1 -alo 'the -pictu e
1 own'
50

FIJ AN
A i ka linia niJEs
(Alienable 'possession,-ni, attributi
n)
1. Xdalog e to be memorized.
0 raica na'noqu Have you seen ray knife?

sele?
A. ni raica. I'haven't Seen it.
Na I sole nei cei e Who e kntre is Will _AI
taura t ko o
Viliame
B: Oya na nona. Na That's his. Your kni
noMuni I sole e different.
duatani.
A: Auld1R. -E kä You I know'.
duadua. the only new one.,
1.- Fijian had a more deta led:systea of possess ves

(genitives ) than does English. As .anexample, 'ay' can
be transia ed in four ways, depending upon what is possessed.
The follow ng diagram shows the outline of the ystem:.
Posse on
Alienable
In allen able
ke- (for edibles and certain Suffixed forms
innate qualities) ]
for drinkables) 12.911x_nAllE
kin-terms
(for other items)
The membership of some words will come as a surprise

.to speakers of English. Tavako. 'tobacco'
an edible, moll 'citrus -as -a drinkable. is classed a
In genera_ meñibership of a particular word to
one class is fairly rigid. But,there is some cutting
across classes. Dalo 'taro' is, as one would expect, i
the edible class.'--U71.7a if-one is speaking of .
dalp
strictly 6s a marketable prodUtt, he.uses the-Fi5=
For the language learner,the whole possessive.
li-ke a gender -yetem and should be treated systemHoperates
as such. Thus,

5.2
as in German or,.Frenph, nouns-have to be__learned.with the

marker of'gender.
.
Fortunately, the class'to which-a noun

belongs is much easier to.prediet in Fijian than in German
or French.
4 Sega ni lake ki na noda bose.

E ,a lako ki.na nona
E sa yali na nomun I sele?-'
jE vei beka na nedra I teitei?
Nomu lako--aU na rarawa kinal
OSta na nodaru I tag.
vei bcka na nomu t noa,
dina na-nona kolY.
:Si totolo dina na noda waqa.
E sega ni.-gata na noqu i.sole.
Simple substItution.
Cue Sen -ence
0q6 na nona vale nt kana.

noqu 0(15 na noqu vale ni kana.
nomu 0q5 na nomi vale ni kana.
nomuni
.nodra
nodaru
noda
noqu
nona
nodra
tion and ans er.
Drill leader points to one, two, three or more of the class

'and .asks, Nei cei?
C4e. Answer
(poInts to himself Na nomunr.
(points to student reciting) Na noqu.
(poInts to another student) Na nona.
[etc.

5..3
'Repetition.
00 na nOqu vale.* This is my house!

Oq na noqu waqa. This is my-canoe.
00 ,na, nomu motolza. This is your
-00 na nomukoro. This is your v lage.
Ociori,na.nomu peni. -That's your pen._
OVA na nomu yanuyanu. That's your island.
Oqn'na-nodarti vale. This is our house.
00:na npdaru koro. This is our village.
Oya na nodra koro. That's their village.
Oya na nodra yanuya u. That's their island.
iAble slot.
Cue t Sentence
0q6 na nala vale.

noqU 0(16 na noqu vale.
koro' 0q3 n4 noqu koro.
vale ni kana ()go' na noqu vale ni kana..
nomu 0q3 .na nomu vale ni kana.
oya4 Oya na nomu vale ni kana.
vale la lai Oya na nOmu vale lailai.
nona Oclori.na nomuyale lailai.
Oqori na nona vale. lailai.
kuro Oqori na nona kuro.
vale ni kuro Oqori na nena vale ni kuro.
Repetiti n drill.'
Sa kana vinaRL dina na His taro is really good food!
kena dalo.
00 na kequ tavioka.
E levu na kena"Uvi.
Ths .Is my manioe.
He has a lot APf yams.
E balavu na kemuni ika. Tour (pl!),P1sh -is long.
Oya na kena tavako. Those ar'e 114.s:cigarettes.
vakarau na kemu Yoar tooTis ready.
_kakana.,
by, oti na ké'qu I'm ollt of eigarottes.:.
VIII.
Cue Sentence
sn levu na kemu tavako.

kemu -Sa levu na kemu tavako.
kemunl: Sa levu na kemunT tavako.,

5.4
keirau.
-keitou
kena
.
keda
kedra
'Var able slot drill
!ence
0qP na kena .da

lena Qqp na kena
-tavioka Qqb pa kena tavioka.
oqori Oqori na kena ta:0.0-ca.
.k.equ Oqori na kequ tavioka.
madrai Ogori na kequ madrai.
oya Oya,na kequmadrat.
kemu Oyg'na kemu madrai.
uvi Qyg na-kemu. uvi
keMudrau Oyd na kemudrau uvi.
oqa Oqb na kemudrau uvi.
c'T X Repotition.
sa -unu vinaka dina-na his yagona really tastes nice.

na yagona.
Oq
na mequ maxi°. Jfhis is my mango.
sa
..ilai na memanr bia. 'Your beer is almostemp
.sa 1 vu'na-mena rourou. He has a lot of rourou.
'Oyi r memu meleni.
,
That is.your melon. ,
Si
_ maca a mequ wai. My water is .empty,,_
Sa katakata na memu a ,
,YOur watex'is hot.
,
XL SubstItutIon.
Cue
lailai na -U yaciona.
meqU sa lailai na m yaqona.
:men Sg lailai na men Yaqona.
memUni{
meirau
meda
memudou

5.5
XII. Variable slo.
run .
I i 6(2
.
.11a WOO U. V it(1011z,,
0(46 nu fileu yaciona.

0q6 pa mequ,mcloni.
Ov5, na megp molenL
OyTi na menu mcleni.
0y5 na mena dovu.
mona wai ni gunu.
0y5, na modrau wal ni gunu.
oa mcdPau wai ni gunu.
Ogori na medrau wai nA: moll.
XIII. Sub.btitu'l_n. Ube thu posbes81ve fnrm re__uired by

the cuc.-.
CU?
Sentence
OCre rIETt kesla

bla
vuaka.
Oc-1 nave-1u dia.
Oqi na keq0 %!.1.aka.
mago
ika
niu -;
tavako
yabona
rouruu
tUraGa
waqa
uvi
vivill
kUkana
yanuyanu
XIV. Fiepeititir):).
Na hcciu
fla, memu
Na nona vait :Jou-
14a kedrau ika tuvuteke.
Na memudrau ,c,-)uvpu
Na nodrau 1,11J.ap:a cia
Na kon3 ul.r1 vi
-Na medaru
;la nomu pcnI kau.
Na nodaru. totc):-Jr.?
53
5.6
Na kcclrau kdkana dina.
Na mequ maqo dreu.
Na medrau meleni kamikam ca.
Na noqu yanuyanu
Na,kemudrau vuaka vavi.
XVa. SubstItution.
Cue Sent nee
E dua na vale 1 vu
lailai :E dua na vale lailai oyd.
iOnaka E dua nu vale viriaka oya,.
cd . . .
batabata
magosa
XVb
Cue ence
0(45 e dUa na maqo kanikwnica.

dovu 067, e dua na dovu kamlkamica.
weleti
mago
XV e .
Cue ntence
na tavako vinaka.
vale 0q5,'na vale vinaka.
kdkana OqB, na kakana vinaka.
meleni
vanUa
yanuyanu
ika
tUraga
maqo
niu
Taro, cassava, etc. eaten w_ h tfish, meat
5
5.7
XVI. xp _r
Cue
a. vuaLa na vuaka
kemu na kemu V12EJ.lca.
vav1 na kemuvuaka vav4
ogorl Nor1 na kemu vuaka vavi
na dalo,
- .na kequ dalo
vinak na kequ dalo vinaka
00:6 oq5 na kequ dalo vinaka
na ika
kena na kena ika
vinaka na kena ika vinaka
oya ova na keir ika vinaka
pen1 na pen1
nomu na no= peni
kau -na nomu pen1 kau
balavu na nomu peni kau balavu
Oqor CqOrJ na nomu peni kau balavu
C. yanuyanu na yanuyanu
ndna na nona yanuyanu
nuku vula nanona vanvyanu nuku vula
ova oya na nool yar.vynu nuku vula
f. via! na wal
mena na mena wai
batabat'l& na mena wal batabatA
Nori ogorl na mena wai batabata
rourou na rOurou
memudrau na memudrau rourou
na me:mudrau rourou vaka-lolo
oq6 oqB na memudrau rourou vaka-lolo
maqo na maqo
-medrau na medrau maqo.
J. u na medrau maqo
000rl oqori na medrau i stimaqo

5.8
XVII. . Suppiemuntary dialogue.
A: laic) vinaka, e rawa Please, can you he p -?
ni o vukoi au?
Io, na cava norriu Yes. Whatts your problem?
A: E rawa beka.ni o Can you show me the post

vaka-raitaka v1 au office?
na positavesi?
Na,positovesi_na vale The post -77Tice is that white
vulavula oy, Ia au building, but I think it
nanuma ni a sa sogo closed at threc .
e na tolu.
A: 0i, au sa na gal lako Oh, go there tomorrow-
kina ni mataka. then. Thank you very much.
Vinaka vaka-lovu.

5.9
XVIII. Vocabulary,
-Lick .a coconut for drinking

dalo 1st po's.pural inclusive
-laru taro
dovu 1st person d al inclusive
sugar cane
(Irau' 3rd.person plural
duadua ripe
only, alone; na ika levu
duadua
duatani : 'the biggesfrET---
-irau different.
-itou 1st person dual exclusive
kamikaMic 1st person trial exclusive
koli sweet
kuro dog
lega pot
too shOrt for, distressed;
as
lima n., danger, trouble
maca five
madrai empty (of water)- dty
maqo bread
magos'a mango (Engl.)
careful, clever, diligent,
matua skilled
meleni mature, ripe
7mu melon (Engl.)
-mudou 2nd person singular
-mudrau 2nd person trill Also dou
nanuma 2nd person dual
nei think
nuku of, belonging to
sand
postovesi.
rarawa post office (Engl.)
rawa unhappiness, pain, suffering
rourou able, pooe'ible, done
sele, taro leaf
k nife
sogo
close (an.opening)
coconut leaf basket for carry- ng
tanoa goods
wooden bowl for preparing
tau, V-qol
taura friend
tavako hold with the hand
'tavioka tabacco, cigarettes (Engl.)
tavuteke cassava, manioc, tapioca (Engl.)
Uvi fry
yam
vaka-lolo
prepared :.11 coconut milk
vaka-raitaka show
vdka-rau
ready, prepared
59
5.10
vavi cooked in earth oven
vivili ,
sen-:Thellc
Vou_.. new
vuaka
vuke-a_ vuke. 'help'; trans. Vukea
vula, vilava7IJJ whilte., vula is used as adjective
in compoun-.,
.weleti papaya
yall ,
lost
60

6.1
A i kaono ni lsoni
(Inalienable posse
transitIve verb
I. pialogue to be memorized.
A: 0 cel oyt Who that,
0 koya na vugoqu.
He's my nephew.
Na yacana o Samu.
A: Na cava e mai What did he come to'do?
cakava7
B: E mai Jakova na He e -e after his boat,
nona waqa.
A; E na sokotaka nikua?
Will he sa 1 i- today?
B: Sega, baleta ni sa No because his arm is still
mavoa tiko vakalevu badly injured.
na ligana.
A: E mavoa vaka-cava? How hurt?
B: E a taya e na nona Ho Cut it with his knife.
sele.
E eakacaka tiko e Where does he w -k?

vei?
B: E dau He is a farmer.
A: Na cava sb e tea? What does he Plant?
B: Sega, e qarava.tiko No, he looks after thefamlly
na nodratou ba ni cattle farm.
loulumakau.
1. In the dialogue, yugoqu, .ligana, and

of words for kin terms and body tamana are examples
parts
form of possession than the examples tharTikF a different
These forms are suffixed to the in the previous lesson.
to be.shifted. For example, base,,eausing the stress .
tama.'father'; tamaall 'my father'.

Note the similarity in form to the other possessive:
E12111, -au; nomu, -Mu; Rona, -na; etc.
131
6 2
RepetlVion.
O koya na tamaqu.
E vei na tinamu?
O cei.na yacana?
Za bulabula vinaka na tinamu?
E a laka ki na makete na,tacina.
,sa cudru vaka-levu na watiqu .
sa cakacaka tiko" na tinaqu e nona va e ni kuro.

Oqö na tinaikeirau.
Oya na tInadra.
E tauvi mate vaka-lailai na buqu.
Au a sega ni raid_ taciqu.
Ilia. Simple subs

Cue Sentence
S. bulabula vinaka na tamaqu.

tinaqu S. bulabula vinaka na tinaqu.
luvequ SR bulabula vinaka na lUvequ;
tamaqu lailai Sd bulabula vinaka na tamaqu
lailai.
luvequ yalewa
tamana
watiqu
watimu
watin
tinai Jone
luvei Sakiasi
tamai Jone
wati i Sakiasi
Cue Sen ence
-na p1uq11.
mataqu 0415, na mataqu._.
daligaqu
ucuqu
gusuqu
ligaqu
1. The possessive with -1 is used, for the words hat will

take'the suffixed possessives.
62
6.3
ketequ.
yavaqu
drau ni uluqu
batiqu
matai Jone
daligai Jone
Cue Sente: e
Sa mosi na Uluqu.
mata Sa mosi na m
daliga
ucu
gusu
liga
kete
yava
bati
matai Jon°
IV. Question and answer. Instru tor points to body part

and asks what it is. Student replie5 .
Question Answer
A cava oq6? Qqori, na ulumuni)
A cava ociori? 0q6, na ligaqu.
etc.
By using other class members, the instructo- can elicit
most of-the .forms.
V. Simple substitutIon.
Cue Sentence
Oya na gone yalewa SR tauvi

mate oloya..- Sa m si na
uluna.
mata . Si m si na matana.
daliga Si mosi na daligana.
ucu'
gusu
liga
Rete
yava
bati
matai Jone

6
VI. Repetition.1
sa kana tiko na tacina.
SE kania na dalo o koya
SR gunu tiko na tamamu.
S. gunuva na bia o koya.
E 4 tara vale tiko mai Tia o koyas
,E tar4 na vale o koya.'
sa rai vinaka tale na matana.
Au s4 raica na nona vale.
VII. Repeti ion.

E kana.
E a kania.
E a kania na dalo.
E A kania na dalo nikua.
E a kania na dalo nikua mal Nad
2. E lako.
E R lakova.
E lakova na ika.
E a lakova'na ika e na siga M5ni'
E.R lakova na-ika e na siga MönitI ki na mRkete.
E .i tara.
E R tarn na vale.
E R tara na vale e na yabaki sa oti.
E a tar:71 na va2c -e na yabaki sa oti mai na koro.
E R siya.
a siwata.
E R siwata na ika.
2 siwata na ika e na bogi.
E a aiwata na ika e na bogi e na uciwai.
1. This drill contrasts some intransitive and transitive

verbs.--The form,of the tratsitive suffizAs usually a con-,.
sonant plus -a,- and for most'verbs, the onsonant never .
changes.. :This means that for each verb like gunU !drink',
-the fuller form, -unuva, must be learned.
Some verbs entng in ,a, like kila 'know', lengthen the
final vowel for the transiFive forE=.ffilL Some, like kana
have an irregular form.
When, the transitivo form appears without an object,
the-object is understood. For example, kania means. 'eat it';
kllä ,knoW
64
6.5
VI I Expansion .
Cue ientence
E a kana.
kania E d kania.
na dalo E E kania na dale.
. nikua
d kania na dale) nikua.
mai Nadi E N kania na dale nikua mai Nadi.
E lako.
lakova E d lakova,
na ika E E-lakova na ika.
,e na siga Nniti E E lakova na ika e na siga Mani i.
kl nr.?_
.E E lakova na ika na siga ManILI
ki na makete. '
E R tara.
tard .
E a tara.
na vale E E tarE na vale.
e na yabaki sa oti E a tari na vale e ha yabaki
sE oti.
mai na koro E R tar5 na vale e na Yabaki-
sR oti mai na koro.
E- a siwa.
siwata E R'siwata.
na ika E R siwata na ika.
e na bogi E R siwata na ika e na bogi.'
e na uciwai E a eiwata na ika e na bogi e
na ueiwai.
IX. Repe-ition.
Au a raiei tamaqu.1
Au sega ni kilai koya.
E R lakpvi tacimu.
Au I vukei koya.
E a cieivi tamana o'Jone.
E tarogi au o koya.
Au tr. raici koya mai vale.
E dodonu, mo lakv1 koya.
1. When transItIve verbs are used with proper= nouns or

Pronouns, -i.is used rather than -a. For example, au
raici Jona; au_raici_koya;
65
6.6
Kacivi.koya me iako mai.
E nanumi koya vaka- evu o --1.1 a
Xa. Sinple substitution.

Cue Sentence
Au'a sega ni raid tInaqu .
nanuma Au a sega ni nanumi tinaqu.

taroga
kaciva
kerea
vukea
lakova
kila
lomana
muria
ciciva
.Xb._
Cue Sen ence
E a ega ni kilai :aciqu.

mokuta E a sega ni mokuti taciqu.
talk
maralataka
.vakA-salet--a
taqomaka
vunauca
vaka-sava
dredrevaka
t3mana
Xc.
Cue Sentence
E a mokuta_na uluna e nanoa.

liga E'a mokuta ha ligaha .e nanoa.
Jone E a mokuti Zone e nanoa.
Xd.
Cue Sentence a
E a raica nawaq e na yakavi.

6.7
tarnaria 1]a raici tamana e na yakavi.
tDraga h a raicf. na tilraga e na yakavi.
luvena E a raiei luvena e na yakavi.
vugona E a. ralei vugona e na yakavi.
nOna koli E a raiea na nona kcal e na yakav
au E a raie'l au e na yakavi.
XI. VarIable slot.

Cue Sentonce
- _
a-r-Lica na wala e na
sokotaka i sokotaka na waqa e na'yakavi.
_
mataka lailai
sokotaka na waqa e na mataka
na lailai.
E na sokotaka,na waqa'e pa
mataka
raica ,E na raica na waqa e na mataka
yakavi E na raica na waqa e na, yakavi.
a
E a raica na waqa e na yakavi.
tamana E a rald )]. tamana e na yakavi.
maeawa sa oti E tamana e na macawa
taroga
saoti.
E a tarogi tamana e na m5cawa
sj oti.
t rag E a tarcea'na tUra ga e na maca a'
sg oti..
taraga ni koro E a tarogi tUraga ni koro e na
mgcawa sg oti.
mataka hi E a tarogi tUraga ni koro e na
mataka
rau .E H tarogi rau ena mataka nikua.
kaeiva E
Samu kacivi rau e na mataka nikua.
E E kacivi Sarnu e na mataka nikua.
mokuta E a mokuti,Samu e na mataka nikua
kolI E a mokuta na,kolI e na mataka,

6.8
Tala
Na, Ten. kel na\Ealavo

E na dua na gauna, ni rau sa veltau dredre
eri kei na kalavo, rau kina na
gade voii kina e .oma ni velkau,
Rau kunea sara e dua na,i kau vudl:dreu.
teri, "Au sã kabata na i kau vudi, .1a sa kaya sara na
sa Rana na teri'sd mamau, sd qai viritaka mai gd e rd."
mo tiko
i tau na kuli ni vudi, wale gd me kania..., voi nona
na kalavo, "Daru mai iako ki cakau."' Kunea Oti oyg &ã kaya
e dua na,vgsua ni dalag ti, kaciva sara na kalavo .
sara\na
"Mai taura mada na kg ofq6." Lake sara mai nona i tau,
'butuka na Ionia ni vasua, sd gal qamuta na teri ka
Sd qai tagi na terl, "Isa,.noqu 1 na yavana,na v5sua.
tau, --. au si mate!"
sara vug na kalavo, "Ociori na i sau ni vudi, baleta Kaya
'nomu solia vei au na kg. cg. na
Tiko e k mo lu u, au sa
iako ni sa bera na ua levu.
Question and answer.

1. 0 eel na yaoadrau na veitau?
Na Teri kei na Kalavo.
2. Na cava e rau raica?
E rau a raica,e dua na jkau vud1.
Na cava e a tukuna na teri ni sg
"Au sa kabata na-i kau vudi, la kune na I kau vudi?
mo tiko g e rd."'
Na_cava e a yaco ni s.g k bata na vudi na teri?
E d kania na vudi na teri gal solia vud
kulina me kena. na Ralavo na
-5. Ni sa ot_ -na kana vudi e rau

E rau 5 lako ki cakau.
10 ki vei na ve u?
6. Na_caVa e a raica na kaiaiio e cakau?

E a ralca e dua,na viSua.
E a vaka-cava ta na vasua?
E a dalaga ta na-vasua.
Na cava e 5 qai cakava-na kalavo
E a kaciva na nona 1 tau me mai
aura.
Na cava e a cakava na-teri ni sgAcacivi
E.a lake yan1 ka butuka na loma n1 vgsua.koya na kalavo?
Na cava e a yaco ni sg butuka-na loma

E g qal tjamuta na yavana na vgsua. ni vgsua'na teri?
.
68
6.9
'XIII. 'Yocabulary.
ba a fence
bale a-
because
bati.
tooth-.
bera
saew,-late
-bulUmakau
grandmother
cattle; bulumakau yalewa or
butu-ka tina ni-bulumakau 'cow
butv '.stamp) tread on4;. trans
cakau
butuka
reef'
dudru
angry, an
dalaga
daliga open one's-mouth
ear
drau ni ulu hair of head
,
dredre--Naka
dredre 'smile- laugh'; trans.
gusu -drOUrevaka ,augh at.'
mouth
isa
kaba-ta Interjection of.regret or year ing.
/7 kaci-va kaba 'climb'; trans.. kabata
.kaci 'call'; trans kaciva
kalavo rat
kau, i
kaya. bunch, as in ivkau vudi
.say
keirau, -i 1st person dual exclusive
kere-a
kero 'beg, askHfor'; trans.'
kete kerea
stomach
kune find
liga
lomana forearm andband
luve feel soiry for, tare for
iuvu son, dai.Ighter, offspring
drown
mamau
filled with food, sated
marautaka marau 'pleasure, happine
trans. marautaka 'be happy
;._
mavoa pleased-VITHT-joice at'

mosi injured, a wound injury
ache, pain
ono six
qamu-ta
gamu 'take hold with pincers,
-or between the th'; trans.
uta
ciara-va
lartirface, attud1 caret;
CFans. garaya
ra
down, towards the ound e ra ,
7--
rau 'underneath'
sau, I 3rd person dual
payment; 11-Cpay, rcta late'
5.0,1.1.
SO Zom
oll-a son 'frivr!' trans. son,
69
6.10
taci .
yOunger brother or sistr

tagi-ca tapi 'cry'; trans. tagica
tala ,tala 'send'; trans. tala end
---a person'
tama father
taqomaka protect pr serve
tard-ga taro 'as rans. taroga 'ask
a ques 1
tauvi-mate ill
ta-rya ta 'chop with knife'*; trans. .tay
tea plant
teri the swamp hen
tina mother .
toma7na toma 'accompany, help'; trans.

tomana
uciwai river, stream
ucu nose
ulu . head
vaka-cava what about ..., how
vaka-salataka advise
vaka-sava send away, drive off
vasua the large clam
veikau wobd, forest
veitau as in veitau drEd 'verylo d
friends'
viritaka throw
voli rotindabout
vudi kind of banana
vugo one'S relation-in-law; father,
mother, .son, daughter, niece,
nephew
vunau-ca vunau 'preach, make a speech';
tranS. vunauca, the person as
ob.; vunautaka, subject.of the
speech ds ob.
wale gã only
wati spouse
yaco take place, happen, arrive
yani particle of direction: away
from the speaker
yava foot, leg
71)

7 .
FIJIAN
A i ka vitu ni lUsoni
Crawa, subordinate clause with ni and k
I. DiaIcwie to beMemerized.
0 na laki siwa ke .
Are.you going fishing If the

'vinaka na draki? weather good?
B: le, ke sa oti na n qu Ye if I finish my wbrk:
cakacaka.
E rawa ni'u lako tale May i gp too?
ga?
rawa ke galala na It's possible if thefe's

waqa. room in the boat.
A: 0 eei dou na lake Who going along?
vata?
B: Keitou na lake vata We'll go -with John and Williamt
kei rau o Jone kei if no one else gobs,. you 'can
Viliame. Ke saga go too,
tale ni dua e lako,
e rawa ni o lake
tale gri.
A: E na vica,na kaleko What -time will you (3) be

deu ha lake kina? _eaving?
E na tolu e na mataka At three in the morning
lailai, ke rawa. if
posoible.
A: Au nuitaka ni na I hope the weather will be
vinaka na draki. good.
Repetition.
Au na lake ke vinaka na draki.
Keirau ha lake ke rawa.
Au via raici kemunT ke rawa
Au via gunu ke rawa.
Daru na laki siwa ke galaIa na wa a.
AU na lako ki Suva ke rauta na noqu I lavo.
Au na lake ke o lake.
E,na vukei kemunI o koya ke galala.
SR cR na bula ke ko ni hivti au.
E vinaka he daru na mat spta tale e LU.

7.2
lila, S1nip1e sub on.
Cue Sentence
Au via gunu ke rawa.

-dabe Au via dabe ke rawa.
.kana tavako Au viakana tavake ke rawa
raici kemunT
vukei kemunt
Mb.
Cue Sentence
Au na lakeke vinaka_na draki.

kune e s3 na baca Au na lake ke kune e s6 na baca.
gaiala na-waqa ,Au na lake'ke galala na waqa-
datou lake e na ma
lailal
ko lake tale ga
sega ni tau na'uca
sa eti na hequ cakacaka
dateu lesu totele mai
gaiala na watiqu
diateu lake ni mataka
sega ni lake JD Jene
Te"
ITic.
Cue Sentence
Au na s ga ni lako ke
ni lake.
ea na draki Au na sega ni lake ke ca na draki.
sega.na baca
.
Au na sega ni Iakeke sega na baca.

lake tale e dua
sega
IIId.
Cue Sentence
Au nuitaka ni na vinaka na d
,kune c s3 na baca *
dou na lesu totolo

levu na ika

7.3
leyu na lasa
laka ta e ga a Jane
IVa. 'Expans1on drIll.

Cue
Sentence
1.
Au na lako.
ki Suva Au na lako ki _uva.
ni oti-na cakacaka Au na lake, ki Suva ni oti na
-ke rawa cakacaka._
Au nalaka ki Suva ke Tawa ni
oti na cakacaka.
e na yak-vl
'Au na iako ki Suva e na yakavi
ke rawa ni oti na cakacaka.
2.
Au na raica.
iko
via Au na raici iko.
Au na via raici ikp.
ke,rawa Au na via raici iko ke'rawa.
ni bera na vii
-Au na via raici iko ni bera na
4 ke rawa.
3
Au pa kerea.
e dua na nornu I sele AU na kerea_e dua na hamu I sale.
ke ra',a
Au na kerea e dua na nomu I sele
ke rawa.
.nifu vaka-yagataka Au na kerea ke rawa ni'u yaka-
yagataka e dua na nomu I sele.
4.
Au na gunuva.
kei iko Daru na gUnuva.
na yaciona ociti Daru na gunuva na
ke rawa yagona o45.
Daru na gunuya na yaciana ociD
ke rawa.
ni solla 0 tvmasi 'Daru na'gunuva na yagona ke
rawa ni solia o TOmasi
5. Au na kana.
na dalo oqori Au: na kania na dale, agari.
ke rawa Au na kania na dab oqori ke rawa
ni a saga ni kania Au na kania na dab oqori ke sega,
.ni rawa ni o kania.

7.4
'Vb. xpanslon wIth Engllsn cues.
-
Cue Sentence
Au na lako.
to Suva Au na lako ki Suva
,after work Au na lako ki Suva ni oti na
cakacaka.
if possible Au na lako ki Suva ke rawa ni
oti na-cakacaka.
in the even Au na lako ki Suva e na yakavi
*
ke rawa ni: oti na cakacaka.
2. Au na raica.
you (2nd person singular Responses.the same as IVa.
want to
if possible
beforefour (o'clock
3.
Au na kerea.
one of your knives
it pos ible
that I use it
Au na'g--uva.
with-you
this yagona
if pOasible
that Thomas gives it
5. Au na kana.
this taro
if possible
as you're not eating it
V. Repet tion.
E rawa ni'u lako tale gE?
E rawa ni drau vaka-totolo mai?
E rawa ni o solia vei au e so na baca?
E rawa ni o tukUna vei au sE vica na kaloko?
E rawa ni vodo tale e dua e na nomu motokE?
E rawa ni toulako e na tolu na kaloko?
E rawa ni_o vaka-rai-taka vei au na gaunisala?
E rawa nl'u kerea 6 dua-na nomu wR ni siwa?
E rawa ni'u vaka-yaga-taka na nomu I .ele?
E rawa ni o kauti au vuE na tUraga.
74
7.5
Simple subti.ut1on.
Cue Sentenco
E rawa ni'u lake_tale_

o lake tale ga E rawa ni 9 lake tale ga?
drau vaka-teto e. mai E raWa pi drau-vaka-totele -ai?
o solia eq5 vu E rawa ni o solia eqb'vual
dou lake mai E. rawa ni-dou lake mai?
o vukei,au E rawa nt a vukei au?
teu lake ni mataka E rawa ni tou lako ni mataka?
9 hi sena vei au e dua E rawa hi o-ni sella vei au e
na'tavake dua na tavake?
o kauti au vua na tAraga E rawa ni o'kauti au vua na
tUraga?
au gunUva ha memunt E rawd ni'u gunuva na memunr
yaciend yagena?
b.
Cue Sentence
E rawa ni o lake mai ki kana e

na yakavi?
E rawa ni e lake mai ki kana e

na yakavi?
au, E rawa ni'u lake mai ki kana e
na yakavi?
keiau
.keitou
keimami
daru
dateu
da
kodrau
kodou
VI. Variable slo' drill.

Cue Sentence
E rawa ni o lako mai ki kana o
ni mataka E'rawa ni a lake mai ki kana ni

mataka?
dou E rawa ni o dou lake mai ki,kana
ni mata
75
76
vale E ra a ni o deu lake mai ki vale
ni matakal
vale Di bose E rawa ni o dou lake mai ki vale
ni boSe ni mataka?
drau E rawa ni o drau lake mai ki
vale ni bose ni mataka
Suva E rawa ni o drau lake mai ki Suva
,
ni mataka?
vodo motoka E rawa ni o drau vodo motoka
mai ki Suva ni mataka?
VII. Repetition.
Au kIi nI sH.eti na.cakacaka.
E-sega-ni macaIa na vanua e tiko kina o keya.
8 macaia ni sa lesu tale o TImoc
Au nanuma ni dodenu na nothu Iowa.
E a tukuna vei au ni sR na sega ni lake
o keya.
.E a vela mai ni na lesu 'mai e na macawa oq5.
Au sega ni kila ni-tabu na vaka-tavako e ke7.-
Au raica ni sa vEileka mai na waqa:
Au vaka-bauta ni na tau na uCa e na yakavi.
E tukuna o koya ni sR lesu mai na ttlraga.
VIII. Simple subs n.
Cue Sentence
Au knit sa oti na cakaeaka.
sa levu na uca Au kila ni
sH levu na uca.
sH buta ria kena dale Au kilH ni
sR buta na kena dale.
sa oti na bose Au kila sã oti na bose,
ni
sH moce_o koya Au kila ni
sa moce o koya.
na'draki vinaka Au kila ni
na draki vinaka
o_na iako tale .g6 Au ki15. ni o na lake tale gR.
sR lesu Mai na watimu Au kilH ni sa lesu mai na watimu.
ratou t)erata na waqa Au
sa toki ki Lguteka Au IglE111 RTeikrnartlito:r.'
sa sega'Ali oti na nona Au ki,la ni sa sega ni oti na
cakacaka nona cakacaka.
IX. Variable slot d ill.

Cue Sentenee
Au nunuma ni na levu na uca e na

rnatanj a'aka.

7.7
'yakavi Au nanuMa ni na levu na uca e
na yakavi- ni:mataka.
gUnq Au nanuma ni na levu na gunu e
na-yakavi ni mataka.
'kin. Au,kila ni na levu na gunU
.
na yakavi hi mataka.
bogi pikua
.
Au kin ni na levU.na guAU---

na bogi nikua.
kIkana kei na yaqona Au kin ni na levu na kakana kei
na-yaciona e na bogi'nikua.
-nuitaka Au nuitakabi.na levu na kakana
kei na yaciona e na bogi nikua.
-siga Maniti Au nuitaka ni na levu na kakana
kei na yaciona e na siga MBniti.
lailai Au nuitaka ni na lailai na
kakana kel na yagona e na siza
MBniti.
cakaca!:a Au nuitaka ni na lanai na
.cakacaka e'na siga,M3niti.
X. Construct sentences on f the modals studied so

far, Using:
.1. Present tenee.

2. Any grammatical words (pronouns, markers, etc
already learned.
3 Any of.the following content words: kila dodonu,
tamata, levu, cakeva, waqa, raica, dua.
fome examgles might be:

Au kin ni sa dodonu na tamata oya.
E cakava e dua na waqa levu na tamata

Ta,lappa.
Na aciona
Na.yagona e ,dua na au.E dau tei vaka-levu e na vanua

baba. Ke Vanua drak. iasua ,.e na rauta beka ni lima na
yabaki na kena bula qal matua.- ia, ke
Araki sigga, e rawa ni rauta ga.-e tolu tel 6 na vanua
ha yabaki. E
tei,tale gd na yagona me Nolitaki. E dina gd, pi na
e dua na sauna balavu, sR dua na cala ni xeuta
vinaka. E kilai levu na yasiona ni Yaga rawa lavo
6.na soqo vaka-
tUraga ka dau gunuvi tale gE e na soqo lalai
E sega ni yaga wale gd,e Viti ni veisiga.
Mai Samoa kei Toga. na Yaqona, e yaga tale gd
Questien and an.wer,

1. Na mataqali vanua eava e dau tel vaka-1
yagona? vu kina na
E dau tel vakd-leVu neyagona e na
Nanua baba.
Na draki ava e totolo kina
Na draki igasiga e Matua na matua ni yagonal
totolo kina na yationa.
Tukuna e dua na yaga ni yaqona.:
Na yagona e dau volitaki me rawa kina na I lavo.
Na yagona e dau vaka-yagataki 6 na 'soqo vaka7tUraga.
Na yaqona e dau gunuvi e na so4o lalai ni veisiga.
Cavuta e dua na yanuyabu e kilai tale gd

ni yaqopa. kina na yaga
E kilai tale ga na yaga ni yagona mai
Toga.

7.9
XII. V- abulary.
baba
side -any steep slope, such as
baca .the side. of a ill
bait
biu-ta
biu 'leave, desert.'; trans. biuta
buta
cavu-ta cooked, ready for eating
cavu 'to.name, to pronounce
datou (-tou) trans. cavuta
-imami .1st person trial inclusive
kau-ta lst person plural ekclusive
ke kau 'carry'.; trans. kauta
if, that
lasa.
lavo, enjoyment, fun
ld
ew money
command, rule order, authori_y,
judgment
matagali
ni species', type
nuitaka when, fJr, becau e, that
hope
ratou
3rd person trial
auta about enough
sala
Samoa
.
road, path, way o f

Samoa
sigasiga
burnt up by the sun.-, of Jand and
soqo vegetation
sota-va assembly, mostly used of peaple
suasua sota 'to meet'. trans sotava
wet
tale ga, also
tau V2
te-i fall (rain)
te .Tto,plant'; intrans.
-
Toga -pass. toi; trans. tea
toki
Tonga
tukuna shift residence; move, t
say, tell
vaka-bauta believe
vaka-tavako smoke (v.)
vaka-tDragt of chiefly rank
vaka-tyagataka use
vata
vei with, together
veisiga to, towards, at, with
vica every day
vitu hew many, how mu h
seven
vodo
vold embark, board, mount
write
v751eka
nearl almost
voli-taka voli 'buy'; tran, volitaka
vud 'sel], spend moneF---7--
yaga to him, to her
use, useful
79
FIJIAN
A i ka walu ni l6soni
(Subordinate phrases with ni, me)
I. Dialogue to be memorized.
Ai E vaka-evei'o na How about It, are you
lalki siwa nikua? fishing oday?
to, au na.lako ni iesu Y I'll go when WillIam
mai- o Viliame. co:es back.
Na gauna cava e na at time will he Come back?
. lesu-mai kkna o
'-kOya?
B: E na tiko e ke ni He'll be hereafter thern

oti na bo e.
A: Sã vinaka, ni yaco O.K. As soon as be.comes,
gi mai daru iako go.
Sara.
B: Ial e na via lako But he'd lice to go too.
tale ga o koya.
A: E dodonu me vd- He'd better hurry.
totolo mai. A
Baleta na cava? WhY?

A: Au na via lako ni I'd like to go before dark.
bera na bogi.
Vaka-cava na nodatou What about our ba

baca?
E,dodonu me nomu tt should be y'our turn to

"tavi e na m5cawa supply it this week.
pqb.
vinaka, me'u sg O.K. I'll go noW and get our

la'ki vaka-rautaka 'fishing line together.
mada na neirau wa
ni siwa.
A: To, ni yaeo ga mai me All As soon as he c-m
datou lako sara. we'

8.2
Heoet5tion.
E dodonu me eakava na nona eakaeaka.
E dodonv. me lesu mai na taraga nikua.
E dodonu me savata na I sulu. .
E dodonu me mica e dua na vuniwai.

E dodonu me dikevi vinaka.,
E dodonu me muria na nomu vosa.
E dodonvi_ me kania ha kena.
E dodonu me vodo e na wacia.
E dodonu. me voaa e liu na Bull.
E dodonu me vosoti mada na eala oq5.
M. SubstItution.
Cue Sen ence
E vinaka me liutaka mada na bose.

lagata mada na sere E vinaka me lagata mada na sere-.
kabata mada na niu
yaka-rautaka ha i-katalau
cieiva na nona-i sele
lakova na nOciu moto
muria na gaunisala tUkoso
vaka-tovolea e liu
kerea voi au ,
-tukuna vei iko

cakava vaka-totolo
IV. jlepotition.
E dodonu. me soli& vei iko o koya.

E dodonu me raiei au sara ni yaeo mai o. oya.
E doidonu'me daru lesu tale mai
nikua.
E-dedonu me daru veivosaki mada.
E dodonu me daru vaka-totelo.
E dodonu'me datou lake ni sa bera na bogi.
E dodoraCme datou vaka-eegu mada.
E dodonu me da lesu mai e nanoa.
E dodonu me keirau la'ki sara yaloyalo .
E dodonu me keimami bose ni mataka.
V: Sobstitut
Cue- SQntencte
Au vinakata me daru vaka-to.s-olo.
8
da u law tale .mai nikua Au vinakata me daru lesu ta C.
mai nikua.
411a.ru,Veitalancia madr. Au vinakata-me daru veitalanoa
mada.
.datou lake Ili 5a bera na Au vinakata me datou lake ni
bogi sa bera na begi.
datou_vaka-cegu mada e ke7 Au vinakata me.datou vaka-cegu
keirau qai lesu mai ni Au yinakata me' keirau qai-lesu
mataka mai ni mataka.
keirau la' i sara Au vinakata me keirau lafki
yalpyale sara yaloyalo.
keimami veivosaki mada Au vinakata_me:keimami veivosaki
e.liu mada e liu.
da moce mai Suva niklp AU vinakata me da moce mai Suva
nikua.
da boSe mada Au vinakata me da bose mada
da laza ,Serc mada Au vinakata me da laga sere mada.
VI. Repc:t _ion.
E dedenu mefu.moce.
E dedenu mefu yell ika.
dodonu me kana.
E dodonu mo dalaga vaka-levu me raica na ba i u na vuni a

E dodonu mo'dou lesu mai ni bora na bogi
E dodonu me dou'laza sere mada.
E dodonu mo drau waraki koya.
E dodonu mo ni-wKpaki koya.
E dedonu mo ni vaka-totolo ai.
VI- 1,ibstitution.
Pattern: Lake mai vale me dabe.

Cue Liense
au solia vol iko Lake mai'vale me'u cella vei iko.
drau mai seta kei tamaqu Lake mai vale mo drau mai seta
kei tamaqu.
ni mai-kana Lake mai vale me ni mai kana.
dou mai vaka-cegu Lake mai vale mo deu mai vaka-
eegu.
o mal lanu Valona Lake mai vale mo mai gunu yagona.
au vaka-rautaka na k Lake mai vale me'u vaka-rautaka
.na kemu.
o v6kei au.mada Lako mai vale mo Vukoi au mada.
dou mai veivuke Lake mai vale mo dou mai veivuke.
drau mai veivesaki Lako'lpaivale mo drau mai yeivosaki.
au raici iko LaVo mai vale mo'u raici iko.
82
,
.r
VI. ..Repetition drill. (kua,
Au j,-17',- me VI- rl 1:Th

,-, () '
Au vr4,1,4a1.(a me kakua ul T.a o
-,..-----------.,---- .,
_ ,,a naiainir .
,:u (.71- kuf) PI (;unutc.imla nikuc,

/ Au narluilH-, )111,, ratou kakua nj,- -i,Hka-vadrati.
(.Au na 'tow/'.i7., me (10,1.1 kua nA Thko Ili mataka,
Au na toVole, rrl'u. kEkua nl herp
\ h a t.1,-nrcuna 1,:lo kua ni,lako 1,-i va,_,..
E --5. tukuna mo e --tAkakua ni. tiko 0 1(6.
E kaya na tinamu Fi.'drau kua ni qito e
E kaya na clase ni vuli me'u kkTua ul alto va. ..,
T r. I J. J "
1.1.1.1 1.. .1 I., ull
Cue Sentence
Au vinakata mo dou lzu& n_ beca

na nogu voSa
mo kua mada ni lako Au vinakata mo kua made, ni lake.
mo dou kua mada ni Au vinakata mo dou kua mada ni
wereca na I teitei wereee na I teltei.
mo Orau kakua ni muria Au vinakata mo drau:kakua ni
na nona Iowa muria na nona Iowa.
mo.ni kakua ni bera mai Au vinakata mp ni kakua ni
ni mataka 6era mai ni mataka.
mo ni kua ni mokusiga Au vinakata m7,) nk ni
mokusiga .vaka-levu.
daru kakua sara ni vukei Au yinakata me daru kiku p.
koya .
sara ni vukei koya.
datou kakua mada ni vaka- Au'vinakata me datou kEkua mada
cegu ni_vaka-cegu.
da kua ni gunu yaciona Au yinakata,me da kua ni gunu
vaka-levu Yagona, vaka-levu.
da kakua ci lesu talc Au vinakata me da kakua ni
nikua . lesu tele nikua.'
da kakua ni vosavosa .Au vinakata me da kakua ni
vaka-leyu vosaVosa vaka-levu.
X.% Repetitibn.
E levu'na ika keitou rawata Me vakkna ka a o, sabutu,

na kasala.
Au tea na I tel me vaka na dalo, tavloka, bele) kei na uvi.
E dau vakau ki Niu Siladi pa vuata, me vaka na aina,
balgant, weleti,kei na dalo.
E levu na sala ni rawa i lavo, me vaka na suka, niu,
kei pa koula.
Mo vaka-totalo me.vaka ni sa bogi na vanua.
83
Mo vaka-liuci kov rr1
vaka ni (lase vol
Au nanutro 11;y yLL5 L Ivu IL ilogu
OS 0 OS 0 .
dodonu cy:Ch mlo Vi1J ni-L=a lailai
na rauna. \
E dodonu mo vo:;:a Lle vakE ni'u nomu

liuliu,
sa doddnu nik Oa conu !:!o va ni vi na kaloko.
XI. Substitution.
Cue 5ont,on
" kt'tkata na vanua oq

_
me vakR mai Vitt.

dvaki '6ualua E dvaki suasua na/vunua:Toq6, me
vakn mai Viti.
draki vinaka
vanua vinaka
.vanua OSOOSQ
levu na tamata e
levu na dui kaikai e
levu na uca e
levu na ika e
,levV na baravi nuku vula
katakata na siFa.
Ii Repetition.
Au na lako ni otd. na
Au vinakata mo raLic koyr! ni t.envia na bos,:J e na sialevu.
Au na via lesu mai ni sa.Lp2ra 1-1F:4 bo0.
Era na lesu mai ni tera na tolu.,
Au na qai cakava ni'u lesu yani.
Ni oti n uca datou na tokiva sara.
Ni O. yaeo yant, daru gat la'ki stwa.
Ni sa bera ni o lako mo raid au..
Ni o sa yaco mai me cakava sara n nolitu cakacaka.
Ni 0 lako mai ni mataka,,au na vaka-raitaka vei,iko'na
nogu waqa,
. ,
. X11,1. Substitution.
Cue .
Sentence
Au na oat cakava ni lesu

' u, lesu mai Au na oàl cakava nl u lesu

8.6
ni tukWit ra ye! au
na tUrt'aca
,aLou c
ni t.;4 leva nl
nn
1-av-
t!i'n sit c:Aalu
losu tcsJ:1
ni o unia nn_
loaLe
ni Lta tta vaka-yvi
nj hcra flU
Suoll
;11. 'tal:tetc_tt
Eo VJ cic n ccva j
ytt yanuytit r
1:tq ni wuna PwAfika. Na
vciyI:muyanu ka
C sivia e tolu na drau na
1 1 ri
ral ciri,koto yanl o na loma

z.acavulu vaka-caca na udolu na mane ni lima
kara3ar-74wa na PaslIfIka, vaka-rivirivi ni wasa
Na levu ni wai e koto vaka-
volivelita, vaka-vu-a me daU seva ni vetsau
kina na kQna vaka-lovu
vlokena I vaka-rau ni.katakata
take gE o na mEliwa ni Ger kei
vinaka yani e na.carj hulahula na 90 na dikiri ka mai car,ina
dram, bttal_TW nJ na vula ko ni wa_nawasa. N4 gauna nI
E nn M6 ki na vula ko N3veba.
e ru ko Vlti Levu
Levu, e w.74L vaka-rua kel VEJ.nua
kona drak:.; suasua ke drokadroka
.ya.6ana ca0 .qaJ mai
na'ra ni ynuyanu C 12ua ogori. kataRate yal, La sirasirr,a
E na yanuynu ;() Viti Levu e
voimma ni lewe ni vanua ka tiko r.a tiko kinaze sIvia na
tilraEa e ViLi. tale r3 kina na koro
XV, Qurztinot3 and armwer.

1. Na Wasawasa, cave c tlko kina ko
Viti?
Ko Viti a tiko c,ha wasaTasifika.-
2. E vloa na 1 villwili ni vet,,aLu
januyaiuu e wili k na?
E sivia e tolu na drau na voiyal;u
yanuyanu e will kira.
a vula cava.na vula ni draki bataliat?
Na vula ko N kl na vuIako Nbveb4 na vula
batabeta. ni draki
. Na cava tiko kina na a koro tUrlafT_a?

-
'Na kena'koro Oraga e tikoje nn
yanuyl:,nu ko Viti Levu.
A

Ei,7
7- Na anuvanu cav-) 16-yr tarila4, U ike kina?

Na yanuyanu ko V. LQVU e ley!) tauTha na tamata c
tlko kina.
6, Na matagall eava C kUNC C na i ni yanuyLcau
lelevu e rua?
Na draki katakata a igasiga e kune o na rT1
va
lulevu rua.
XV . Voeabn lay
waravi Plant (Hindi baJjwJA

bc-6,
coast line, shore
,
to'; trans. hL;ca
bole
shrub use(' as :a. vegetable
cagina vinaka breez
Cala
err, miss
ceva:,
ciri
south
drift at sea or out to sea
dike-va dike 'examine'; trans. dikova
dikirI
degree (EngL) of tempe'raTa!,
also of longitude,or latitude
drau hundred
drekadroka Excen, sometimes blue
dui
a distributive particle preceding
the base meaning each, respec-
tively, or dlf:erntly.
eratou dui lako vani ki Suva
'they made their own way to Suva'
na nodra dUi tovo ni_bula
'their CieetivOT-Ways 6-f life'
era_ dui vosavosa 'they (each)
_
speak a different language'

ga
only, just, nevertheless,
the same, yet, but, however
al
jaina_ a kind of banana; Chinese banana
kaikal from the word.kai 'native of a
place' and preceded by dui, it
means 'people of different
countries'
kakua, kua do not
arakarawa blue, sometimes green
kasa_la kind of fish
katalau, 1 breakfast
kawago kind of fish
koto lie in a place-
koula gold (Engl.)
lelevu plural form of levu 'big, lar
great'
lewe ni vanua inhabitants of a country

8.8
1-1u
preceae, surpass, excel, be
first; trans. llutaka 'load,
rule'
verbal particle expressing
purpose, se introducing sub-
junctiv& Cr ',operative clauses,
for...to, in o-p(te to, to be,
to havo, that, should (I)...
etc.
milo (Engl.)
m5liwa interstice, the space between
two objects;
Niu.S1.1adi New Zealand
Növeba Novmhor (Engl.)
e5ee60 full,occupAed
pasifika PacJ.fic (En:l.)
ra 3rd person plural- See era
rawa-trl rawa 'to be able, to got,--to
obtain'; trans. rawata
-sRbutu kind of fish like El-IT-Emma
sagavulu ten, used only in compounds as
in rua sagavulu 'twentyl .,. up
to ciwa sàauu tninety';
tini- 6 use& fer the number
sara
Fa-itself
very, greatly, used after ,..,crbs:,
lat:o sara 'go at once'
sava-ta
Siga n ucu
clean'; trans, savaa
ba-FiThday, Chri'3tr-o=
sivia sivi 'exceed, surpass, 17,0 beyond,
thore than':, trans. sivl.a
suka sugar (Engl..)
sulu, I clothes
t;Ara-va tadva 'face or stand up to,
--E-sPecially wind, sun, etc.
tadraya
tiikoso follow a Sh6Tt7i,.,r route, cut
crosswise, pass through
talanoa, I story .
Laudua one, 'only, alone, as adv.,

exceedingly, uniquely, quite
'tavi, I portion assigned, share, duty
tekiva start,bean
tokt auxiliary: continuance-or
Progression, not so strong
tu
tovolea try
udolu thousand
vaka resemble, be like; like, according
to
valca-ifeaea as in e tini vaka-caca '_sometJang
between 10 and 20'
87'

8.9
vaka-evei ho about
vaka-liUca make one go first, put one in
command; vaka-liuci 'made to
vaka-muria command'
follow
vaka-rivirivi area, as in tolu na_mailo vaka-
rivirivi 'three square mfTFF in
area.'
'vaka-rua twice
vaka-totolotaka speed ono up, hurry it up
.
vaka-tovolea try out, experiment

va-kauta send off
vaka-volivolita stand al)out, surround
vaka-vuna cause
vaka-yadrata awake
veimama
veisw- the middle, ha.):
exchanco
veitalanoa chat, tell stories togethe
Veivosakl -
talk, discuss
veivuke
help, assistance
veiyanuyanu island:groups; na veiyanuyanu e
na Pasifika 'the islands in
Viti Levu the PacifT1
vosavosa largest island of the Fiji group
vosa 'talk, speak'; intrans.
vosavosa 'talk'; I vosavosa
vuata Ti'5ST-Thg, proverb'
vuniwai crop, fruits of trees, harvest
walu doctor
eight
wa-raka
wa 'wait for, elpect'; trans .
waraka; wa is hardly. used

alone; w-aw 5. isthe more
wasa commonly U7Sed form
cea, ocean. Also, wasawasa.
wasa is used when a quafffying
word: like levu or liwa follows;
were-ca otherwise, wasawasa.-5- used
were 'weed, cut grass'; trans.,
wili-ka wereca
wiTYT-C-Funt, road !
wiliwili, total number
yasana province
yatu
row, not followed by
-anu_ anu 'a row or chain of
islands ; xtiLatu yanumil
'rows or groups of islands'

9.1
FIJIAN
ka ciwa ni 1Csoni
ssive; Kel,
Dialogue to be mefl 1r4cd.
A: E vica na ydga ni niu many us of coconut

o
you know?
B: E levu: Na lewqna e A The meat is.used for
vaka-yar-ft;ki mo food, and dried to be sold.
kakana, _a' sigani The fruit is also drunk.
me volitaki. E
gunuvi tale ga na
vuana.
A: Vakacava na tolona W at about runk and the
kei na drauna? leaves?
Na tolona e caka me The trunk i, u--d as rafter
s5 ka caka na and the le yes are used as a
drauna me s5s5. broom.
Sa yaga dina vaka- I 's really useful.
levu.
Io, e sega ni o Yes, not only t!-:at, the root

koya g5 oy5, e- is also useful, the husk,
yaga tale ga na and any other part you can
wakana, na (15 ni think of.
bulu, kei na tiki-
na'ga a nanuma
rawa.
The form of the pa -ive 15 sImIlar tp that of the

sitive active form the f nal -a is changed to
difference in mean ng is shown g'y the following:
E vaka-atdka 'He uses it.'
L_YRISAnUa_2_;gi 'It is used.'
Forms, with a .final -a, like kIla, u-e
kilal.
2. l!R 'apd is used to Join sentenc es
or verb phrases.
The verbal marker is not used again after ka. Kei is
used to join noun phrases, as in na
alewa kei na gone.

9.2
IIa Repetition dr 11.
E raici o koya e na veivula.
E gunuvi na vuana.
E kari na drauna.
E voli mai Nadi na tavako.
E soli mai vale levu.
,E toki mai na koro.
E vdkamai na vale.
E vaka-sigani na lewena.
E sigani na niu.
E qaravi na cone.
lIb
E voli aki na lewena.
E tokitaki ki na koro ni v 1
E karitaki na kulina.
E sokotaki mai Suva na waqa.
E vaka-yacataki na lewena.
IiIa. Substitutlo .
Cue Sentence
E garavi na ni
voli E von n4 flu.
sigani
vaka-yacataki
samaki
tet
IIIb.
Cue Sentence
E vak472ELALI:k1 vaka-levu na niu.

tel E tel vaka-levu na niu.
volitaki
gunuvi
kari
vinakati
IIIc.
Cue_ Sentence
volitaka E volitakl na alo.
0
9.3
tea E tei na da
qaraVa
samaka
vakayagataka
IIId.
Cue. Sen
E dodonu me aynuy_ na v ana.

voii-taki na vuana E dodonu me vol:':;aki na vuana.
vaka-yagataki na drauna
vaka-sigani na lewena
karitaki na drauna
tel na vuana
va-kamai na drauna
Cue Sentence
E vinaka me na lewena me
-maca.
vaka-yagataki na tolona E vinaka me vaka.yagatakl na

me i sa tolona me j sT.
kari na drauna me sasa
kari na lewena me krikana
tel na vuana me tubu
samaki na vuna me savasaVE
1Va. TransformatIon.
Change each .01 the followIng to passive.

Cue (active)
Keimami dau ra. di koya e na veivula.

gunuva na vuana.
karia na vuana.
volia mai. Nadi na tavako.
solia me -Ica ni veivuke.
tokia e na gauna ni draki ca.
va-kama-na benu
vaka-sigana na lewena
sigana te mamaca.
qarava na tauvi tate.
karitaka na kulina.
volitaka na niu buta.
9 t

9.14
sokotaka e loma ni wasawa a.

vaka-vagataka vaka-levu.
121ER2aPu (pa-Ive)
E dau r, .ei o koya e na veivula.
E dau gunuvi na vuana.
E dau kart na vuana.
E dau voli mai Nadi na tavako.
E dau soli me ka ni veivuke.
E dau toki e na gauna ni drakl cA.
E dau va-kamai na benu.
E dau vaka-sigani na iewsna.
8 dau siganl me mamaca.
E dau qaravi na tauvl mate.
E dau karitaki na kulina.
E dau volitaki na niu buta.
E dau sokotaki eloma ni wasawasa
E dau vaka-yagataki vaka-levu.
Iv
Cue
E a lakova na na siga Moniti.

E a siwata na ika o na bogi e na uciwai
Au g ,ega ni mica na tinaqu.
Au a ,ega ni kila na tinanu.
E a s kotaka na waqa.e na yakavi.
E a kieiva na tiiraga e na yakavi.
E a taroga na bull e nanoa.
8 d kaeivi Samu e na mataka.
E a tarogi koya e na mgcawa sa oti.
E a lakovi na lka e na siga Möniti.

E A siwati na ika e na bogi e na ue
E a sega ni raici na tinaqu.
E A sega ni kilai na tinamu.
E a sokotaki na waqa e na yakavi.
E a ,kaeivi na tUraga e na yakavi.
E g tarogi na bull e nanoa.
E a kaeivi o Samu.e na yakavi.
E tarogi o koya e nanoa.
Va. Expan
Cue Sen ence
E voli na tavako.

mai
tak 3 E voli mai na tavako.
E volitaki mai na tavako.
e na vei E volAtaki mai Suva na tavako.
E volltaki mai Suva na tavako
e na
E dodonu me volita kI mai
Suva
dau na tavako 0-na. vei iga.
E dodonu me dau volitaki
mai
sega ni Suva nt tavako e na velsiga.
E sega ni dodonu me dau
voli-
taki mai Suva na tavako e
na velsiga.
Vb.
Cue
Sent en ee
Na. qele e soil.
vel Ira Na qele e a soli

na hal vrila-A 'Na (lel° e d soli vei ira.
Na vie e a soli vei ira na
ai vol ira na kal Viti -kai vElagi..
Na qele e A soli vei ira na
kai valagi mai vei Ira na
sega ni dau kai Viti.
Na gale e A ega ni dau soli
vei ira na ka4 vdlari mai
vel ira na ka;.
Ve.
Cue
Sentence
E tarogi.
a
E E tarogi.
,na kE oq5 E 5 tarogi na kd oq3.
vei qase ni vuli E a tarogi na ka oq6 vol
qase
mai vei rau ni vuli.
E a tarogi na kg oq6 ve_ ,
vinaka me ni vial mai vei rau. .
E.vinaka me tarogi na-ka o

o Jone kel Samu \rel qase ni vuli mai \Fel
E vinaka me R tarogi na kE
oq vol qase ni
vuli mai vel
3. -taki_ is a causative suffix.

%roll m ans bebought;'
voil..takI means 'to cause to be
boUaTE.' thus, 'sold'.
93
9.6
e nanoa rau a Jon_ Ice! Sara.

E virlalcL me ' tarogi na ka
vei qae ni vuli mai vei rau
Jone kei Samu e nanoa.
VIa. Rep ti
1.
2.
Mo drau gunu ka kana gT e k.
Mo lako ka lesu mai vaka-totolo.
3. E ratou sa sisili oti ka vaka-yakavi.
4. Curu ki tuba ka kakua tale ni lesu mai.
5. E se lako e nanoa o koya ka sa sega ga ni 1
6. Sã rauta e laT ka me tou qai vaka-otia ni .esu mai.
7. Au vinakata mo lako ka tiko e mataka
ni pera na
1 1
kaloko.
Vaka-raici koya ka tukuna vua niu sa wrma tiko.
E vaka-sasaqa tiko o tinadra
Ra ra qi o tika na gone.
VIb.
1. E a levu d,na na gunu kei na kakana

2. Mo kacivi rau mai o Samu kel e na
3. Keirau-na iako vata kei tamaqu.
4. Volia mai e dua na pakete tavako kei
5. Mo lako vata kei rau ocio ki na makete.na dua na masese.
6. E rua na tauni lelevu mai Viti ko
7. Suva kci Lautoka.
Curu mai mo drau mai lululu kei TImoci.
8. Y,0 tikv vata koya me yacova sara ni mace.
9. 11-012 ga na yacamu kei na vanua
o tiko kina.
VII. Join the fo1low1n with ka or ke

Cue
-Sentence
1. E yadra na gone. E yadra na gone ka mace na tlnana.
E mace na tinana.
2. 0 Viti O Viti kel Toga.
O Toga
E na lesu mal nikua 4

E rauna lesu mai kua o
o Mere. ere kei Sala.
E na lesu mai nikua
o Sala.
4. Note the agreement in number:

dual subject. rau Is used With a

9.7
a euru ki vale c E i curu kI vale ka dabe o koya.
koya-
E a dabe o ko'a.
Lake ki toa. Lako kf stoa ka volia mai e .
dua na pFiketo tavako.

Voila mai e dua na
pakete tvako.
6. Na kai Valagi
kai Valagi kai Idia, kei na
Na kai Idia kai Jaina,
Na kai Jaina
Era a sota kei na Era

meca Lota icP vala
i
na mataka e na mataka lailai.

Era a vaia kei na meoa
e na mataka
Na niu'e gunuvi na ,Na niu 'e gunuvi na vuana ka vaka-

vuana.
Na niu e vaka-yaga- yagataki e.na vaka6asaqa.
taki na vuana e
na vaka-sasaga.
Twooga vua na s ga Taroga vua n" sig_ e na yaeo
e na .yaco mai
kina. mai kina kei na cava e, mai
cakava.
iaroga vua na cdva
e mai cakava.
10. Era a kana na lewe Era U kana ka (ra ) mamau na

nilcoro. lewe ni koro.
Era R mamau na lewp
ni koro
VIII. Tal
Na,niu sE dua na kau yaga vaka-levu.

na veivanua draki katakata ka raWarawa E bula na niu e
kena yaga e levu. E vaka-yagataki ma kena claravi. Na
e na tara ni vale ka yaga tale me k-dkana,taurivaki
.ga . me i yaya ni vale.
Oya e vica wale 0.7 na:kena yaga.
e dau volitaki ka taurivaki e na caka Ni sa sigani na n u,
rui yaga vaka-levu na au e eavuti kina ni sovu, Na kena CAT
na I vo avota
Vaka-viti na '-vinaka vakaniu---sega e biu.'

9.8
IX. Questions.
1= Q. Na vanua cava e bula kina vakLvinaka na pio.?
A, Na niu e bula vaka-vinaka e na Vanua
katakata.
Na cava e cavu kina na I Vosavosa "vinaka vaRa,7

niu---sega c biu?"
A. F cavuti na I vosavosa oci3 b Iota na yaga ni niu.
Q. Na cava na yaga ni niu?
A. E vaka-yagataki mc laikana taulivaki e na 'ara ni
vale ka yaga tale ga me caka me I y7'ayji ul vale.
E yaga tale ga na niu e na kena bull na' ovu.
Na cava na I balebale ni "vinak vaka-niu---sega
e'biu"?
A. Na kena I balebale yaga taucoke flu nit, mai na
drauna me yacova sara na wakula.
X. Vocabulary.
benu rubbish.
ciwa nine
curu enter';. ans. curum4curumaa
'Make a thlng enter'
drau lea:f
Idia India
Jaina China
karl-a, kari hkri -:rape'; trans, karL,
fcT.ri aka (more empha'TTZ) -
kuli
lewe meat, flesh
lululu shake hands
mamaca dry
ufase-e matches Engl-)
meca enemy
pUkete packet (Engl.)
ga ni bulu coconut husk
ciele
earth, sOil, land
rui too much, exceedingly,
sa, rafter
sama-ka samA 'sweep, clean'; trans. samaka
s-asa TIT dry coconut leaves; (2) the
ribs of coconut tied toge her
to make a broom'
sigana sun-dry; vakana eau°
sovu soap (EngLY
taucoko all, whole,completely
cauni. town (Engl.)
tauriVaka use, make use of

9,9
tiki a part, portion

tolo trunk, waist
tuba outside, but limited in use; .
e tuba 'adv. of place'; ki tuba

TiTV7-of movement'; mai tuba
'from outside'
tubu crow, spring up (of plants)
.va-kama burn, set fire to; vakamai pass
vaka-niu, as in vinaka vaka-nr17.-Tful
like a coconufT----
vaka-otia finish, complete, bring to an end
vaka-raica look for, look after
vaka-sasacia cook, boil. Alsoi vaka-sacla
LI4M9A;Lik
vnkn-qignnn See
drSiTi=n-'ffE--itin. ana
vaka-vinaka well
vala fight, war; fight (v.)
v ivanua places, different places
veivula every mOnth
vua fruit, seed
waka root
YRYR, goods, furniture, luggage

10.1
FIJIAN
A i ka t.nI nA lsonI
Ia.
Ni sã bula.
Ia, vinaka na bula.
Ni bUia!
Drau bula.
bula vinaka?
ro, vaka-lailai.
Se: vaka-evei?
SJ, vaka-cava?
Ib.
Yalo vinaka.
Vosoti au mada.
Vinaka vaka-levu.-
E rawa niu raici kemunT vaka-lailai?
E rawa niu raici kemunT mada?
II. Equational Sentcnces.
a. Repetition.
E dua na triraga dau.eakacaka o koya.

E dau teitei o koya.
E eauravouni Yasawa o Samu.
E s5 na tamata yalo drEdr-e o ira.
E dua naeyalewa.vucesd 6 koya.
E ratou kai Merika.
E dua na tamata cd o koya.
-E dua na tamata vinaka na tama:a oqori
E rua na tamata da siwa 0 rau.
E dua na gone yalewa vinaka a Mere'.
Iib. Variable slot.
Cue Sentence
eauraliou o kcya.
E gone yalewa E gone yalewa cd o koya.

tamata vinaka E.tamata vinaka o koya.
. 0 TIMoci E tamata vinaka o TImoci.
E gaaa ni vuli E <lase ni vuli o TIMoci.
E dua na gase ni vu E:dua na Ciase nl vUli o TImoei.
E dua na kal Magi E dua na kai Vdlagi

30.2
E r,one nd Vanua Levu L p:one ni Variva Levu o'Timoci.

o rau E rau joni Vanua Levu.
E rua r1,1 1 rwni E rau ccnc yalewa o rau.
3-11. Comment ge aiini location phl.ases .
a Repetitinn.
la'ki 2uva
lesu mai Merdka
E tilko mai Vanua Lc,vu no kal v5171
E teitei tike r:ad koro nd vuli na
moce tike na luvemu e vale ni kuro.
E lakeva na dka ki na sitoa.
siwata na_ika no uciwaa.
na _ko e kE ni hera na vitu.
IIIb. Chan,-- the '--nse when necossar-
Cue Sentence
E a lako ki Suva e daidai.
yabakd mai oc E na lake ki Suva e na y baki

mai oc16.
irateu ratou na lako xi Suva e na
yabaki mai oc,6.
La ratou na lako'ki Labasa -e
na-yabaki mai oq6.
toki ratou na toki-ki Labasa e na
Yahaki mai ono.
macawa ratou a toki ki Labasa e -a
;75 oti.
_ ratou a sok° ki Labasa e na
macawa sa oti.
kcirau Keirau a soko kl :Obasa e na
macawa sa otL
ion Respond he nor:, ivo form of the

sen ences.
Na noLiaI -i sele o duaani,mai na noqu.

aravatiko na i teitei nd tamana.
rairaivinaka na yalewa
Au fiuitaka ni dou na lesu totolo mai. .
E.rawa ni'u yak yar,ataku e sO na nomu baca?

E'rawa ni o drau vodb motokri mai ki %va ru mata 9
E dadonu re daru vaka-co;7:u
Au vlhakata mc daru veitalanoa ma
E dodOnu mo nh waraki koya.
99
10.3
E aya na tinamu mo drau kua ni qito e.k-

E a tukuna mo ratou kiikua ni vaka-yadrat-
V. Subs'titu ion drill. (Alienable, inalienable, ,etc.)

(Respond with proper nouns -ossessiVe)
. Cue _
Sentence
1. sa mosi na ketena. S mosi na nona' mavoa.
mavca
2. E levu na mena mage. E levu na:kona tavioka.
tavioka
j. 0o5 na noqu vale. 0q6 na mequ wad= ni moli .
wal ni moll
ogovi /la memudou. Oqori na nomudou
.-rourou. vaka-lolo.
sulu
5. L nanumi koya.vaka- E nanumd koya vaka-levu na
.1evu na timidaru nodaru tUraga..
ttirar,a.
6. E sE yali na nomunI E sa yali no momunT taa yagona .
i sale. (or nomunI)
taga yariona
7. Sa katakata na:memur' i1 Sa katakata nd kemuni i vaka-
wai. yakavi.
vaka-yakavi
Oclori na kerw vaka, Oclori na riomu wU nd siwa.
:_sialevu.
wH ni siwa
9. 0 koya ná nodrau dau 0 koya na vugodrau.
voigaravi.
vuf;o
10. Oya 11a tinamudrau. OyA na kemudrau uvi
uvi
11. O. eel na tamamuni? .. 0 coi na nomunlqase ni vuli.
vUdi
. 12. E cudru vaka-lovu _
cudro vaka-levu o Jone.
na tacieu.
Tone
13. Oya na nodra OY na kedra kAkana .
yanu.
kU-5,11-a
-14. Oqori. na nom.' tarau Oqcri na tacimu.
sese balavu.
taci
15. So lai1ai na nodra Sa lailai na medra,dovu.
rauna ni deru.
dovu
100

10.4
Attribution.
Cue Sentence
0qC5 e dua na yalewa.

1. ca 0(16 e dua na yalewa ca.
2. vInaka
3. dau cakacaka
4. vucesa
5. dau vosa
6. cudrueudru
;7. yalo vinaka
8. dau dredre
9. mamadua
-10. rairai:vinaka
Cue Sentence
Oqori na vale ni kana.
1. moce Oqoina vale ni moce.
2. turaga
3. kuro
4. bose
5. volavola
6. savasava
7. bula
8. vuli
-9. I yaya
10. bulumakau
VIc. Variable slot.

Cue Sentence
Oya na vale ni yagona.

1. e_dua Oya e dua na vale ni yaqopa.
2. vu- Oyd o dua na vu ni yaciona.
3. ociori Ocipri e dua na vu ni yaciona.
I. tolu Ociori e tolu na vu ni yaciona.
5. niu Ociori e tolu na vii ni niu.
6. og3 Ociö e tolu na vri ni niu.
7. jaina 0(13 e tolu na vu ni jaina.
. oya Oya e tolu na vri ni.jaina.
1 oi
10.5
Vci plus object.

a. Expansion.
Cue Sent rico
---------
E
nona I solo E ciciva na nona I sole.

E a ciciva na nona I solo.
kJ_ nodratou vale E .a ciciva na nona I sole kl
nodratou vale.
nikua E ciciva na nona I sele:ki
nodratou vale nikua.
e na sigalevu E a ciciva ha nona I sele ki
nodratou vale c na sigalevu
nikua.
Sentelce
E d t
na vU ni jaini d tea.na vla ni jäina
e lima E A tea e lima na vU ni jdina.
mai nona i teitei E. a tea e lima na vU ni jdina
mai nona I teitei.
e na vula sa oti E d tea e lima na vU ni jAina
mai nona 1. teitei e na vula
sA oti.
Cue Sentence
E katia.
na clic) E katia nalö.
E a katia na gib.
na yavanA E katia na yavana na gib.
mai wat E a katia na yavalla na gib mai
wai.
e na yakavi' -E a katia na yavana na gib mai. -
wal e na yakavi.
ni alga TUsite E R katia na,yavana na gib mai
wai e na yakavi ni siga Tusite.
VIib. Substitution, Use the cue as the object.

Cue Sentence
au E aHmokuta na yavana.,
Sala .
Au A ciciva.na noqu i su u.
na dalo SR kana tikona'taciqu.
102
10.6
na vuniwal E a kacivi Jorie e na mataka

1-liai.
koya Au sega ni kiln.
ira Au a rale& na waqa.
koya. E dodonu mo lakova na I katalau.
na gone oqb Au R vukei rau.-
.na vale E R tara.
watiqu E na taroga na qa:7e nI vuli o
koya.
na bia sa via gunu na vugona..
na ika E a siwata e na bogi.
,Pen1 Au K sega pi lomana na yalewa oya.
Response
E R mokuti au.
Au a eieivi Sala.
sa kania tiko na,dalo na ta iqu.
F a. kaeiva-na vuniwai e na mataka lailai,
Au sega ni kilai kpya.
Au a raici ira.
dodonu mo lakovi koya.
,Au_R- vukea,ha gone ocio.
E R tarR na vale.
na tarogi watiqu o koYa
SE via gunuva na bia na vugona.
Rsiwata na ika e na bogi.
Au R'---seza ni lomani'Peni.
VIII. Repetition
1. Au nanuma ni na eila na vula e pa bogi.

2. Au kilR ni dodonu molako mada.
3. E datou na'tiko mai keyR ni bera na va.
4. .Au vinakata me datou tiko e kU ni bera na sago.
5. E rawa ni'u'vakayagataka e s§ na nomu baea?
6. E rawa ni o drautekivu cakaeaka mai Lautoka e na'
yakaVi.ni mataka?
VIIIb. (nega _On)
1. Au nanuma ni na saga ni cila na vula e:tia bogi.

2. Au sega ni kila se dodonu:mo sa,lako se,kua.
3. E sega ni rawa ni datoU-na tiko mai keyR ni bera na
A. Au sega ni vinakata-me datou tiko e kë ni bera na soqo
5... E. sega ni rawa ni'u vaka-yagataka e s5 na nomu baea?
6. E sega hi rawa nt 0 drau tekivu eakacaka mai Lautoka
e.na yakavi ni mataka?
1 0,3
10.7
VIIIc,
Ne ation
Au kilai koy. Au Sega ni kilai koya.

Au a nanumi tinaqv Au 6. sega ni. nanumi tinaqu.
Au na lake ke o la o. Au na sega ni lako ko o lake.
E saHmac'a. E sega ni macala.
E (lase ni vuii. E sega ni qase ni vull.
E vuli tike e Merika ni vuli tiko e Merika
na tamata eq6. na .tamata oq5.
E balavu na gaunisala. sega ni balavu na gaunisala.
E batabata na vanua. E sega ni batabata na vanua.
E vinaka na vale ni E sega ni vinaka na vale ni
xpclena ni Vlti. yaqona ni Vlti.
E 'a via lesu tale mai E a sega ni. via -lesu tale mai
nikua. nikua.
na. Repe, tion.
E dodonu mo vakamuria na nbna lewa m- van ni nomu.clase

ni vuli.
Sa dodonu meda vaka-totolo ni sd ciwa na kaloko.
E tukunamo drau waraka ni lesu mai e na yakavi.
E dodonu me tiko e k3 na Bull.
E dodonu mo keirau wereca na I teltei.
1Xb. 'ution.
Cue Sentence
dodonu me le u mai e na yakavi.
iko E dodonu mo 111 mal e na yakavl

o Pita E dodonu me lesu mai e Ila yakavi
o Pita
koya E dodonu me lesu mai na yakavi
o koya.
ratou E dodonu me Tatou lesu mai e na
yakavi.
au E dodonu me1u 'esti mai e na
yakavi.
rau E dodonq me rau lesu mai e. na
yakavi.
keirau E dodonu me keirau- lesu mai e
na yakavi.
da E dodonu meda lesu mai e na
yakavi.
drau E-dodonumo drau _leSu mai e 'fla
yakavi.
104
Xa. Rep.t tion
Au na siwa ke vinaka na draki.
Keirau na vaka-totele mai ke rawa.
Au na via raiei ike ke'e yace mai nikua.
Au na lesu mai e na 'yakavi ke rawa.ni eti na bese nikua.
Au na lesu mai e na begi nikua ke rawa ni e lake tale ga.
Xb. Subs_itution.
Cue Sente ee
Au na sil a ke vinaka na draki.

drau lake mai Me drau lake mai ke vinaka na
draki.
Me vaka-otla na nomu Me vaka-etia na nomu eakaeaka
eakaeaka ke vinaka na draki.
Lake mai ni mataka Lake mai.ni mataka ke vinaka na
draki.-
Daru la'ki wereca na nequ 1Daru la'ki wereee na noqu
teitei teitei.
Au na gade yani Au na gade yani,ke vinaka na
,draki.
Keirau na la'ki sara qite Keirau na la'ki sara qite ke
vinaka na draki.
substitut ..n.
Cue Sente- e
Au na siwa_ke Vinaka na draki.

levu na baca -Au na siwa ke levu na baeA;
dua na noqu wa ni si:a Au na siwa ke dua na noqu wa ni
siwa.
rawa ni e lake tale ga Au na siwa ke.rawa ni a lake
tale ga.
au raiea rawa e- dua na Au na siwa ke a raiea rawae
bete ;
dua na'bete.
'dateu lake vata Au na siwa ke datou lake vata .

10.9
TaiRnoa.
rdvo
ra Patna e ]jj o hula tiko e dua na dau talanoa

..
na y,eana 0 predre c krin ko Navakeksese e na yanuyanu.

ko Sega. E dau k rU me ra kau nabu vua- a ira
- era via rogo I Lala)10=-5-
Dua Lona na'siga tukuna o koya mc ra kauta mai na
matal ga ni ka o1' :1 i1 -a. rawa C na nodra la'ki siWa so
Sia 1_ak0 sap duct vci ira na dau rogoi
talanoa na yacana 0 Tui na ivioalita me la'ki siwa, ka ,siwata
sara.c. dua na duna. laveta mai,vanua na duna, sa vuki
sara:Me talciat.a. 2L7, keyll 0 Tui na Ivlqãllta ni kalou
\TU. oy 3i tekivu 1/:?.k asu sara_na-kalou vff me vaka-bu-
lai, ka yalataka e u,. Icabese g o Tui. sa gal tukuna
na vti me 5o13a vuK na kaukauwa me rawa ni butuka na vatu
katakcata.
r yaoova na siga fi.Li v, o ira kece na kava nei.Tui na
ivigalita ralla ni ra butuk- na vatu katakata ka ra sega
ni-kama.
Quosticu and ann.

1. Na Yanuyanu ca-a e tuki.ml t jo a na I talanoa c
Na ya nuyanu k0,Becia
2. Na cava cra dan cakava o _Ira ro-roi talanoa?

Era dau %au nabuv__A dau ni _noa.
na yaca j koya dau talanoa?

Na Yacai koYa na dau talanca-ko Dredre.
Na_cava e a stwata 0 Tui na
E a siwata o ,k0ya e dua na duna.
Na cava c a gal yaco na dIzna ni sä laveti mai

vanua?
E vuki ma tamata na
Na kaukauwa Cava jla kalou vri vei Tui na

ivigHlita?
-E ã solia na kau 'awa ni butuka na vatu kata-
kata ka sega n. vana.
106

10.10
XII. Vocabula Y.
Becla name of an Land south of Suva
bese refuse.
boto boat (Engl.)
cegu take a break, rest.
eila-va cila 'to shine, mostly of the
Sun, moon-br tars'; trans.
cilava
cUdrucudru easy to loose temper
-dratou 3rd person trial'
-drau 3rd person dual
dUna eel .
gena demonstrative pronoun that

usually epphatic' -
kalou Spirit; kalou vu 'ancestral god.';

na Kalou 40od
kati-a kati trans katia
kaukauwa a-tr.-Ong, hard
kawa descendant
kede all, altogether
lave-ta :lave 'raise, lift -'; trans.
laveta
mamaduR baShful,' shy
nabu present of food brought t
man who told tales
shark
rairai (1) aPpearance (2) it looks likte-0
or it seems
revo, as in Vilavila_i revoIthe fire'
walking ceremony'
rogo hear, make a noise (of an engL
spread, be_heard of (news
be famous (of a person, or
place)_'.; tranv_. rogoca
taRa baR, ,00cket,.sack
tini ten
vaka-bulai set fire
vaka-mamasu plead
vaka-sasa tunt
vaka-sigalevu mid-day meal-
vaka-yakavi evening meal
vatu stone
veigaravi, dau attendant, servant; maid
vilavila aV in Vilavila revo. See
volavola wraiftg--
vucesa- lazy, id1e, worthless
vuki turn, change'
yalataka promise
10
FIJIA
A i
(Word order;- ga. )
I. I)la1cue to be memorized.
A: Draki vinaka sera Very good weather today.

gE nikua.
..VaRa-caVa Yes ow about you, where are

iko; o lake Ii you_going today?
vei nikua?
NI eti ga na,gunu ti As soon as I have breakfast.

au na aako ki na I'll,go to the garden.
teitei.
Au z gal lesu g. I just-Came back from the.:

garden yesterday.
ft:ai ha I teitei e
nanoa.
A: 0 na laiki yei nikua? flere are you going to go today?

,
B: Au na via lake-mada I d like to m --r a fast t ip
ga vaka-totolo to Lau oka first.
Lautoka.
A:, 0 na lesu mai e na What time wIll you conic back?

vica'na kaloke?
B: Au sega ni I don't know. If I can finish

oti totele na what I'm going te de, I'll
kE au na la'ki come back in the evening.
cakava, au na leu
mai e na yakavi.
A: Au a via lake tale wanted to go to Lautoka, tee,.

gE ki Lautoka, but it's been long since I've
ia sa dada au sega been to my gatan.
ni lesu mai na
teitei.
B: SE vinaka, au sa .K., I'd better go and get

la'ki vaka-rau ready.
mada me'u lake.
Vinaka.
108

11.2
1. Ga., :directly followl ase, is unial, y transla e

as tjust.
Au sega ni rawata '1 just can't do i
GE. 'also occurs wi h,various particles:
tale gA 'also'
Wale FA 'only'
Sara 'very'
'each one, every'
Dina ga as the first base in a- sequence, means_ 'in
spite of ' . Fo- e)can.iple , E .d4na 6 ni .51rakii -ke.Xyd..0 a
lako pite of .the bad weather, We still -went.'
Ii vetition- drill.
Au a 'mica gA e dud val rau.

,E se levu na tI, ia sR oti gA na sUka.
Vaka-cava gR o iko o sega ni lako?
Yale vinaka, nanuma ga me vaka-totolo mai..
.
Au sega gR ni,kilR na cava e _A- yaco vud.

Au nanuMa mo'u s4 wRwR. tiko gA 6 a.
Tovolea gA na nbmu I gA taueoko mo rawata.
E' segi gR n4 mdcala na cava e cudru kina.
Au nanuma mo drau sa lako madra- ga 6.1cemudrau.
Solia gR- vei au e dua.' ,
Expan. on.
,Cue Sentence
. SR dodonu'.
'.me lake sa dodonu Me

gR SA dodonu me lake a.
mai SR dodonu me'lko- 6 mal .
e dua sa dodonu me lake 6 mai e dua .
vei kemud sa dodonu me' lake gR mai e. dua

vef kemudrau ,
Mb.
Cue Senten
Au sega ni nanuma.
na yapan Au sega ni nanuma naTacana.
109
11.
Au sega gA ni nanuma na-yacana.

rawa Au 'saga a ni nanuma rawa na
yacana.
'Au kin, la Au kilA,.ia. au .sega gR ni hapuma
rawa na yacana.
na kena rai al Au kila na kana rairai, ia au
saga gR ni nanuma roma pa
yacana.
-Repatitlon drill.
E rau kaPa taae gä .
lakd tale ga mai na watina.

Au'azaega tale, ca. Pl. raiei.keya.
'Axtsa saga tale ga ni tukuna vei TimoCi.
Efdodonu.mo'lako Vale ga-,
Au nuitaka-ni na'draki vinaka tale gã ni ma aka.
8a:9'U-tale ga na keda kakana.
Taragi koya.tale ga .
o vaka-totolo tale ga mai.o iko.

MO kauta tale gB/mai na no_u I sale.
V. Epansion.
a.
Cue. Sentence
E na lako o koya.1,1
tale ga E na lako tale ga o

ni mataka Ejla lako tale g 0..koya ni
mataka.
au vinakata Au vinakata me n4 lako.tale ga
keya ni mataka.
e na-mataka lailai Au vinakata me'nalako ga o
koya e na mataka lailai ni
mataka.
Sentence
Mo tiko:e lee.
toVolaa' Tovolea mo tiko e ke.

tale ga Tovoleatale ga mo tiko e
ni bera na bo Toy-010a tale ga mo tiko e kA
ke rawa
1 o
Ke
.
_ni bera na bogi.
ovolea V4,1e- ga mo tiko
.
e ke ni bera na bogi.

VI. fi petition drill.
g bai kau wale ga.

.E levu wale ka ha nona vosa.
Mo nanuma wale ga na ka au a tukuna vei ike.
Kauta Wale 0 mai e'dua pa i vesu
Parega wale ga vua na cavd.e vinakata. ,
Sevelea wale ga me vaka-totele mai.

Ke tap wale za Vaka-lailai ha uca.
Ke R tike Wale Oe ke o koya.
Me sauma wale ga e dua na.tare.
Me nanuma wale 0 na nomu vosa ni yalayala.
VII. Expans'ion drill.
Sentence
Vaka-rautaka.
darti Da u vaka-rautaka.
na klikana Daru vakarautaka na kRkana-;---
, wale-gR .Daru vaka-rautaka wale 0 na
kakana.
me rauta o rua Daru vaka-rautaka wale gR na
kUkana me rauta e rua.
na siga Daru vaka-rautaka wale 0. na
,
kitkana meraute.'e rua na siga .
VIIb.
Pue n ence
Nanuma.
na neciu kerekere Nanuma na nequ karekere,
lwale gR Nanuma wale gR na negu kerekere
.
p dedenu E dedenu'Me nanuma wale 0 na

negu-kerekere.
nI e sa be a ni lake Ni o sa bera ni lake e dedenU
me nanuma wale gN na-nequ
Rerekere.
VIII. Repetition drill._

E na vanua sara gau R raici keya kina.
E na gauna sara gR e R kacivi au kina.
Au a,raica sara gR na kalokale.mata I 'alai.
E I tau sara g vaka-levu na uca e na begi.
if I
11.5
Voleka. ara gi_pa tini na kaleko-gai yaco mal o koya.

sa ded5 sara ga keiraujiai seta tale.
Au sega sara ga: ni gal kunea tale-e dua na kena
Au sega sara gN-ni kilU pa cava n4 vuna.
E R kaeivi tamana sara gE, o keya.
E sega-sara g5 ni dua e kilã na vanuae tiko k na o koYa-
,
IX. Expansion drill.

a.
Otte Sentence
.E E draki v(p.
mat L,autoka ,E 5 draki v_naka mai autoka
sara ga E R.draki, vInaka sara gN mai
Lautoka. '
e na siga Vakar.aubuka E R draki vinaka sara- g5-mai
Lautoka e na siga Vakaraubuka.
ni mHcawa SR eti E a draki vinakasara, g5 mai
Lautoka e na siga VakaraubUka
Pi m5cawa sa eti.
IXb.
due Sentence
E a solia o Jone
e dua na s te E A solia'o,Jcine p dua,na sote.
vei au E A solia vei au.o Jene e dua
na sote. !.
.e na levu ni nena marau E a selia vet au'oJone e dua
nasote e na levu ni nona
marau. .
sara ga E A solia sara-gn vei au o Jone

dua,.na sote e na levu ni
nena Marau.
X. RePetition.
Me ra lake kece Eã mai na gone lalai.

Me ratou eakacaka kece gA ni mataka.
,E dodonu me nanuma e pa veigauna kece gA.
Mo kauta-kece gA mai na kena o raica.
Me ni tiko kece gR e kb' ni mataka.
Me ni raici au kece g5 e liu.
Na vii ni niu kece gU oq e nona o koya.
O ira kece gU na gone eqb na luvena.
Dou tovoleakece g. me dou tetolo m4i.
E vinaka me-kauta kece gR mai na nomu mo o._
112
11.6
XI. Expan- on d__
a.
Cue Sentence
E I tau na uoa.
e na veisiga E R tau.na uoa e na
kece gA E R tau na uoa e na veisiga
e na mRoawa sR. oti E R tau na uca e_na veisiga
kece gR. e na mIcawa sR oti.
Vaka-levu E b... tau vaka-levu na ucke na
veisiga keoe gR e pa mIcawa
sR oti.
xIt
Cue Sente
Lesu.
e dodonu E dodonu mo lesu.
mai
nI dodonu mo lesu mai
;E dodonu mo nI iesu mai.
*ece gR E dodonu mo nI lesu-kece
e na duA-na gauna E dodonu mo n1 iesu kece 0 mai
ena dua_na gauna.
XII. RepetItIon.
E ddna ga ni ratou R rogoca-, Iaeratou
E dma gA ni'u R.sega ni vaka-bauta..
s tukuna vei raul ia e rau Td.sega ni-kauta.
mai.
E A yaco dina gã
E dina gR ni tamata lailai o koya, sR dua na
levu. ata kana
Au na,lako dina ga ni Mataka
E dina gE n_draki.o5, 0 R. rawa Vinaka gã
SA ievu dina'gg na coqa
na uoa e na vanua ocia.
Sa dina_ gff na kR au 5 tukuna vei iko.
E.dina gd.pi s5 (=lase o koya,' k5kua ni kIla
E dina gE ni draki vinaka nikua, e sega g leca vua.
ni draki
vinaka ni siwa.
XIII. Expansion.
113

11.7
Cue Sen ence

E a levu na uea.
e na macawa sã. oti
_
E a levu na uca e na mdcawa.
sã oti. :
sR dina gE ni E sa dina ga ni a levu na uca
e .ha macawa sR oti.
ia e R,rawa na cakaeaka E sa dina ga hi a levU na uca
e na mRcawa-sE oti, ia e R
rawa na eakacaka.
Vinaka ga sa dina ga n. R levu, na uca
e n4 mReawa sR oti, 1A e a
rawa yinaka gR.na eakacoka.
nelrau E sa dina ga ni Rlevu na uca e
na macawa sa ati., la e E
rawa vinaka gR na neirau
cakacaka
Cue .
Sentence
SR sega.dina ga;
ni maeala, sa pega dina gR ni macala
na,caVa e Lianati koj SR_ sega dina gã ni macala na
Cava e manati koya.
ni-sega ni bau muria ra SR sega dina gR uae1a na
vosa cava e manat oya a ni,
bauv.mur a_vosa.
nei,clase ni vuli SR sega,dina 0 hi maca a na
cava e.manati koya ni'sega ni
bau muria'na vosa4lei clase
ni. vuli.
XIV. Repetltionl
E fta lako ki Suva a koya ni mataka.

E na lake o koya ni mataka ki Suva.
1. The order of many phrases in Fijian i_ not fixed, but

can vary according to whieh'phrase should bp emphasized.
The.emphasis is produced by shifting the phrase to the
beginning orthe sentenee. Compare this to English, which
uses stress emphasis.
11.8
:some of the folloWing drills, the different word

orders.are presented as answers to different qUestions..
Note that for some shlfta, particularly that of topic-to
the beginning of the sentence-, the intonation changes.
Where.posible,,these are marked by commas.
-0 koya, e na lAkp ki Suva ni matakaL.

O koya, e na-lako ni'mataka ki Suva .
NI mataka, e na lako kina ki Suva.° koya.
Ni mataka, e na lako kina.o koya ki. Suva.
XIVb.
E a tiko mai Suva o Samu e na macawa sa_oti.

O Samul e a'tiko,mal Suva-e na macama sa oti.
E na macawa sa oti, e a tiko kind mai Suva o Samu.
Mc.
-E n4 via la'ki cakacaka ki Vatukoula-na tamana- e ha
yabaki- mai oc16. .
N4 tamana, e na via la'ki 'cakacaka ki Vatukoula e na

yabaki mai 6q6.
E na yabakt mai oci6, e na via laiki cakacaka kina ki
Natukoula na tamana.
XlVd.
E na tiko e!k'J a Sald_ni bera na bogi.

,
0 Sala, e natiko e ke ni ber'a_na bogi.
Ni berk na bogi, e na tiko e ke to Sala.
XIVe.
E -raunar _u tale mai e-jla vul

na lean tale-mai e na vula c ) 4-0 _rau
O rau, rau na....lesu,t;ale mai e na vula o Me
E na Vula o Me, e rau pa tae mai kina.
XV. - Ques_i ns andiltiswer,s.
a. Sentence: E na lakd ki,Suva o koya ni mataka.

O cei e ha lakolci Suva ni mataka?
O koyal e na lako ki Suva ni mataka.
E vet- e na lako kind o koya ni mataka?
E na iako ki Suva o koya ni mataka.
3.1.9
Na. cava e na cakava o koya .ni mataka?

E na lako ki Suva o koya ni mataka.
E naica e na lake kina a keya Id.. Suva?
Ni. mataka, e na lake kina e keya ki Suva.
)(Vb. Sentence.: E a tiko. ma Suva,o Samu e na _-Nca _a
sa oti.
1. 0 cei 6 a tiko mai Suva e .na macawa i?
0 Samu, e a tiko mal. Suva e na macawa sa oti.
,E vei .e ti-ko kina o, SamU'e na_macalaksa'
_
E a tiko-mai, Suva 0 Samu e na macawa ea oti*

Na cava. e cakava o SaMu e rLa macawa sa oti?
a tiko rnal Suva o S.amu'e na macawa s oti.
_
E -naica e a Ike) kina o Samu mai Suva?.

'E na macawa e tiko kina, 0 Samu mai Suva .
Sente iwata e dua na ika levu

_E au a,
kel Jone mai na uciwal e na bogi .
VIliame
O cei siwata e dUa na ika levu mai na uciwai e na
bogi?
O rat.; o Viliame kei Jone- erau i siwata -e dua na ilezt
levu mai na uciwai ,e na bogi.
2. E vei erau a siweta kina e dua na ika levu a rau
VIliame kei -Jane e.na bogi?
Mai na uciwaiMai na uciwai erau a siwata .kina e
dua na_ ika leviu o rau a Vi1iame .kei .Tone e na bogi.
Na cva.erau cakava o Viliame- kei Jane ma i na uciwai
e na bogi?
Erau a siwata 6 dua na ika levu o. Viliame kei (Tone
mai na uciwai. e na bogi.
E, naica erau siwata k±naè düa na -1ka levu map. Pa
o Viliame kei Jone?
E na bogi erau siwata kina e dua na ika levu mai
,'na .uciwai a rau 'o Vili'aiine kei jone
XVd. Sentence: Au a la'ki von ika ki pa makete nikua.

1. 0 bei a voli 4ka ki na makete nikua.
R lalki von ika Id. na makete nikua.-
116
.1.10
E vei 4).5 la'ki voli ika cina nikua?

'Ulna mRketegi na makete au n lafki you Ika kinanikua.
Na cava o Vcakava nikua?
'Au 511a'ki voli ika ki na mäkete
-E naica o R la'ki veil ika kina ki na makete?
Nikua au E'laski voli lk kina ki na makete.
XVe. Sen ence: Na Bull e na:dolava na bose mai na koro

e na siga Vukeluiu mai oqb.
,0 cei,e na dolava-.na bose mai na koro e na siga

Vukeluiu mai oq5?,
e na:delava na loose mai na koro e nasiga
_Vukelalu mai oq5.-
2. E vei,e na dolava kina na base na Buli-e na siga
Vukelulu mal eqT?
Mai na koro/Mai na koro e na.dplava kina na bose na
Buli e na Alga Vukellau mai oq5,
Na cava e na la'ki cakava na Bull ki'na koro e na siga

-VUkelulu tai dc15?
E na la'ki_dolava na Bull na bose 'mai na-koro e nth.
siga Vukelulu mai oq5.
E naica e na dolava kina na Bull na bose mai na koro*

E na siga Vukelulu mai oqb e na dolava kina na bose
mai na koro na Bull.
XVI. Rebpond4ith the cue a the first phrase _n the sentence,

E
.CUe_ Sentence-
_
BnalakoklSuvaokoyanl
mataka.
ni mataka Ni mataka, e na lako kina ki
Suva:,,o koya.
koya. 0 koya, e na lako ki Suva ni
mataka.
E na lako ki Niu'Slladi o Jona-

e daidai.
o .Tone.
e daidai # 4
117
E a raiea na taCiqu.na nodra-
tou waqa e nanoa.
e,nanoa
na taciu
E na tiko mal Nad 0 klaya ni
bera na tolU na kaloko.
o koya
ni bera na tolu na kalok
E na solia na clase
dua na veitarogi e na siga
Vakaraubuka
na (=lase ni vuIi
e na siga vakaraubuka
XVII. Talanoa.
a mast
,Na masl e sega nicvaka-yagataki wale ga-e-Viti e.

kilai tale ga najcena yaga e-na veiyatu yanuyanu tale,e
si3 e na masa PaATika. Na yacana kilai ievu ga na ttapa
E dina ga-h0Caka pa masi e na sa ea na tiki 1,111U/time
vaka mai:Vatulele kei Lau, ia e vaka-yagataki e na Veiyaaa
keee.gL E levtu .ra gã na ka e.yaga kina-naba013,
e vaka-yagdtaki me I lati ni vale, taunamu ka i.ubi
tale ga ni I moeemoce'.- E-yaga tale ga na masi e nasocio
ni vake-mau kei na mate, tx0 p vica gE na kena yaga.:
raici rawa:v ka ni masi sa dua,na tyauyaea.vaka-levui,
seea wale ga e Viti e vakE tale ga kina e na-r'veiyanuydnu
e na Paslfika me-vakE mal Samoa kef Toga. j
7
Questions.
1. Na yaea eava_e kilai raraba kina na
/
2. Tukuna mada e dua,na tikI Vitie caka kina na

3. Na-eava e rua na yaga ni masi o kila?
4. Na vanua cava soti e vakayagataki kind na
Na cava e kilai levu kina'na_maal?
Tukuna .ada e_dua ña yanuyanu e na-Pasifika e dau
eaka ale gE kina na masi.
118
11. 2
XVIIl. Vocabul
.bai fence
bzu adv.- prqceding yerb to sof en
the expression-
dina 6 (1) in spite of,although
(2) truly, really'.
dola-va dola 'to.open'; trans.- dolava
el, i t-.1 'do with earnestness, to be
eagerl'; i_va 'earnestness when
actually doing it'
kalokalo ,tar,
kece g76- all, without exceptio .everyone
kerekere request
lalai-
.
plural-form of lailai- small'

latl enclose, intercept from sight;
i lati 'a- curtain, screen'i
trans -. latia
leca lostt missing., undertain,
mistakenly
-mana- a mane. 'supernatural pOwer
manata lafitedLby., of a-disease'
masi cly a tree, the paper mUlbery
(2) the cloth made from this
tree
. 7.)
cloud:
raraba_ widely .
sara za (1). very,. self-same4.e _acLly,

actually;_(2)-T.T,ot.ev-nH
au-ma sau'irepay, answer a qUestion';
-7Erans. ___--
sauma-
soti a particle modifying a'negative
.
tapa .
general Polynesian name-for the

cloth.madefrom the paper
,mulbe.ry tree
taunamu mosquito net
teitei, i garden
ti tea (Engl.) ,
0.1-.J.i a cover, cloak; ubi 'covel

vaka:Mau,- marriage ,
Vatuiele name CT' An-island-off the......,._

South .
Coast of Viti Levu.

'veigauna' at all times,.always (plural)-
veitarogi inquiry, exaMination
veiyasa as' in veiyasa4. Viti: 'parts of
Fiji-; yp,sa 'a side, a place,
vesu, i as in i vesuAalo ta bundle of.taro'
Vukelulu Wednesday.
vuna reason, cause
yaiayala promise
ya.u& .i zood- alth, riches, possess
119
12.1
FIJIAN
A I. ka tini ka rua n1,13soni.
(Comparison; poasession)
I. D1altgue to be mern rized
0 col . na nona waqa Whose boat is that?

oya? .
B: Oya na waga ne That's Simon's boat-.

Saimone.
wag.- vinaka. ina. It's really a good boat

Ia, e sega ga ni But it's not as fast as the
totolo me vaka na boat of the brothers,..John.
nodrau waqa na and Mark.
veltaoini o jone
kei Marika.
He e, cei_ mean 'whose

.2. :Nei is a genitive Used with proper baaes. Its use
corresponds to that of nI. For example,
Na vale ni kuro
Na vale net Tomas,
_
.
As with the other Possessives, there are specla
for edible and drinkable objects:
Na dalo kel Pita
.The use of the k- frm s is extended beyond edibles.to

refer to qual.ities of Person or object:
kena balebale j-s meaning,-
-ena
',the news -of (about) Sala '
/
For inalienables, that is the forms that take the
suffixed poSsessives
/ i
- is us d when the possessor is
nafied:
Na tama
Na ulu i Mosese

12.2
Vaka-cava na nomUdou HOW about your boat?

waqa?
13: Na neitou waqa na Our boat is the fastest, but

'waqa totolo duadua, e hoat of'those,two brothers
ia nanodrau'waqa can carry a 7,ot of passengers.
gd na.veitacini
oy5,-e rawa ni vodo
kina e leVu na
tamata.
.A: E dina e? Ts. that- right,--?
Lako mai me'u vaka- Come along so that I can show

-raitaka vei iko. you how fas -Our boat Is .
-na kena totoloma
,neitou waqa.
A: Sa vinaka.
II.- ftepetitiOn.
Na'noqu'vale e levU cake mai na nomu,vale.

Na nOdrau waqs.Ye total° cake mai na waqLnei Saimone.
Na noqu waqa e levU.,eake,na kena i usana mai na nona waqa.
E. balavu cake na taciqu mai Vei iko .
cAkla nomu vale esega ni levu me vaka na noqu.

Na maga nei'Saimone e sega ni totolo me van na nod_ au
'waqa na veitacini oy76.7.
Na nonamaqae:Sega nf levu na kena I usana me vaka na.no
'0 iko'Osega ni balavu me yak& na 'taciqu.
III. Substitution.
Gue Sentence
Na hoqu vale e levu cake mai

na nomu vale.
non a.
Na nona vale e levu cake mai na
nomu vale. ,
nodrau
neimami
Duadua is one way of showing comparIson. It means

'most-.beat'.
1 2 1
12
neirau.
nodra
nodratou
neitou
IIIb.
*C_ue Sentenc
Na nona vale e levu cake mai na

nomu vale.
noqu Na nona..vale e levu cake mai na
noqu vale.
.nodatou 9
neiraU
nomudou
nodaru
neimami
.nomudrau
.noda
_neitou
nomunI,'
Mc.
Cue Sentence
Na noqu-waqa e totolo cake, mai

na nomu waqa.
levu
Na noqu waqa e levu cake ma na
vinaka nomu-waqa.
savasava
cagina
totoka.
loma levu
IIId.
Cue Sentence
Na nodrau vale e sega ni levu

me vaka na vale nai Samu.
Na nodrau vale e sega.ni cb
ka akata me vaka na vale noi Samu.
*
(410
osooso
122,
12.14
turu_
makawa
Me.
Cue
Sentence
Na kena uto e dreu cake mai na

kemu.
kemu-kena Na, kemu uto-e dreu cake mai na
kedra-keciu
kemudrau-keirau
kegu-kemuni
ikeda-kena'
kedatou-kedratou
kemudou-keitou
keimami-kedrau
kemuni-,keimami
kedaru-kedratou
"If.
Cue
Sentence
E levu-cake o koya nia vei iko.

lqa.e-
E (lase cake o koya mai vei iko.
balavu
kaukauwa
yalo vindka
miMadua
vinaka
levulevu
totolo
qaseqaSe
mamaqI
Cue
Sentehce
E lailai sobu na tinamu mai vei
:tinaqu.
gone .
E gone sohu na tinarnu mai vei

tinaqu.
malumalu u
lekaleka
12.5
berabera
ca'
IIIh. Variable STht.
Cue Sentence
Na nomuTwaqa e totolo cake. mai

na nodra waqa.
balavu Nanomu waqa e balavu cake mal

nanodra,waqa.
no- leimami Na nona waqa e balavu cake mai..
na neimami waqa.
yanuyanu Na nona yanuyanu e balavu cake
Mai na neimami yanuyanu
ika Na kena ika 6 balavu take mai-
na keimathi ika.
kana vinaka, Na kena ika ekana vinaka cake
mai-na-keimami ika.
kequ-kedra, Na kequ ika e kana .vinaka cake
mai na kedra ika.
kakana Na kequ'kakana e kana vinaka
.
cake mai kedra,kakana-.
levu Na kequ- Mena e levu cake mai
na keCra kakana.
koro Na noqu koro e 1 fv1... cake mad n4
nodr4 kyr°.
yawa. Nalioqu koro e yawa cake mai na
nodra koro. \
nodrau-nona Na nodrau kord eiyawa ca e mai

na none_ koro.
i teitei', Na nodrau 1. teitei e.yawa cake
mai na nona i teitei.
bulabula Na nodrau I teitei ebulabula
cake.Mai na_nona I teitei.
'IV. Repetition.
E.levti:na nodrau koro ka lailai, 9a nomUdrau

.E yawa na noqu yanuyanu ka voleka na nomu yanuyanu.
E saVasavI na nomulcoro ka duka na-nodrau koro.
E eagina vinaka na nomudou vale ka katakata na neitou vale.
E .totolo na nodra waqa ka berabera ha'noda-waqa.
4. Juxtaposition of two items is one way of showIng com-

parison between them. A sentence of 'the type A is good
and B is bad, can be translated, A is better than B. 124
12.6
kana.vinaka na kemuni dal() ka Rana ea na keimami dale.

E gone yalo rnZ.lu na luvomu ka-gono yalo kaukauma na luvena.
E batabatA na nomuni vanua ka katakata na noqu vanua.
V. _ ubstl_
. Cue Sentence
E levu na nodratou koro ka

lailai na nomudou koro.
v51eka-yema E valeka na nodratou koro ka
yawa na nomudou koro;
duka-savasava
eagina v1nia-kataJcata
suasua-mEmaea
osooso-galala
draki vinaka-dra] e76_
batabatH-katakata
raistrama7dredr6
raba-giqa
balavu-lekaleka
VI. lepotit1on.
a.
E dua na waqa totolo.'

E duana 'maga totolo na nona waqa.
E duana waqa totolo na nona_maga o Timoci.
E dua na maga totolo na maga nei Timoci.
E dua na waqa totolo na nodrau waqa o Tirnoci kei Mrika .
VIb.
E kana vinaka natavioka.

-E kana vinaka na kerVa tavioka.
E kana vinaka na kena,tavioka o Samu.
E kana vinaka na tavioka kei Samu.
E kana vfnaka na kedrau tavioka o Samu kei Jone.
VIC.
gunu vinaka na wai ni moli.
E.gunu vinaka na mena wai ni'moll.
E gunu vinaka_na mena wai ni moli, o-Tomu.
E gunU vinaka na wai hi moli mei Tomu.
E &nu vinaka na medrauyai ni moll o Tomu kel Viliame.
125
1. no ca dodonu.
ca?. '
- bainvu?
fr.
:=11.11:n :=cama e Va k1
Lltution.
Sentence
E -avasava na nodrau
le nel Nor E savasava na vale nel Mere.
.nodrau vale Sanu kci 4. 0
TImoci
ntrauC,pau vale kei Marika
neirau ale
no..tou vale o ratdu
amu, kci Marika
val ni kana
nodrau waqa no cauravouj
nc(!rau na cauravou
Jone
Sent
Ociö -ha tavako kei MEn
teat tOVZtkU Oqb na kedratou tavako,

na mono rourou
no roarou,mel Mere
na tavako'kei tina U.
na nodrau valc na vibac1nl
o Jone kei Samu
na LI tavako 6 Manoa
no '01.1nDU mei tamamu
na tavako ni tara vale
na nua ni teitei nei
Ana
126

12.8
:VIIc. Variab
ii nequ Vanua.
n1 tcAtei Oya na noqt vanua ni
nona Oyd na-nona vanua ni teitei.
_o SaiMone Oy na nona vanuani teitei
Saimone.
riei Salm- Oya navanua ni teitei rid
Saimeno.
yuUc a Oya na vuaka kei Saimone.
mago 'Oya na vlago Mel Saimone.
-medrau OyA na medrau maqo.
o Pita ke Oya na medrau maqo fp Pita kei
TImoci.
o taciqu Oya na mena maqo o taciqu.
mei taciqu Oya na maqo mei:taciqu.
madrai Oya na madrai kei.taciqu.
vanua Oya na vanua nei taciqu.'
hodratou Oya na nodratou vanua.
o Jono, Marika', kei Samu Oya na nodratou vanua-o ratou
0 Jona,,Marika, kei Samu.o
y111. Talanoa.
Ko Viti e wase vaka-titt ka vi. Na i.wasewase oq0

yacana na yasana. E s6 na yasana e levu cake 'mai na s5
tale na yasana; me vak.taka nd Yasana ko Ba e Levu cake
mai na Yasana k- Rewa. Na I Liuliu ni Yasana na Roko

Tui se Roko. E wasewase vaka-lani na yasana; _ -aka-tau
e na levu ni yasana, ka yacana na i wasewase oq6 na tikina.
liutaka na tikina na Euli. Na keno_ vaka-tauta vata e
rauta a va na tikina e na dua na ya --a. Na levu -hi
e na dua na tikina e sega ni tautauvata; na Tikina ko Bau
levu cake na koro e tiko kina mai na Tikina ko Wainibuka,
dina,ga ni levu cake na i yalayala ni vanua ni Tikina-ko
Wainibuka=mai na Tikina ko Eau. E 1 utaka na koro na

tUruga ni koro. E s na koro e levu cake mai na o tale
127
12.9
na koro ka duidul na lovu ni tamata era iko -ina.
Questio
.1. E vica na levu tauCoke ni y4sana e Vit

2. Na cava e levu na yasana se na tikina?
3. E lailai sobu na Yasana o Ba mai na Yasana o Rewa?
4 0 cei na I Liuliu ni Yasana?
Na.tikina cava e Ievu na I wiliwili ni koro e tiko
kina na Tikina o Bau se na Tikina o Wainibuka?
6, 0 aei na Bull.
7. E vaka-evel e dau vaka-tau na I wiliwili ni tama a e
tiko e na dua na_tikina mai na levu ni tikina?
8. E i'Liuliu ni Tikina n4 TUraga ni koro?_
9. Na cava e,levu duadua na yasana, na tikina sena koro?
10. E raUtae vica na tikina e na dua na yasana?
IX. Vocabulary
berabera- slow
bulabula healthy
bulibuli, I built,_form
cake as a particle after the base
used in comparing: 'more than,
greather than'
cere high
drEdre difficult hard
duidui different
duka dirty
levulevu stou'c, fat
liuliu, a leader, a commander, 1 cede.'
loma levu spacious
malumalumu weak
mamaqI stingy
qaseqase (1) dwarfish, small for one
age (2) old, cunning
deceitful
qlqc5 narroW
raba (1) wide .(2) thick
rawarawa easy
Rewa the name of a ?rovince
Roko, Roko Tui administrative head of a province
se whether, or
sobu (1) down, downwards, as,v.,
de&cend, come down, go asho e
from a canoe .
Tikina administrative division of a

province
tautaUvata equal, even, level, similar
totoka pretty, handsome, dashing,
yleasailt
turu drip,drop (liquids)
I
12.10
'ysana, cargo, load

uto breadfruit
vaka-lalai in little oUs-, plural form of
vakalailai
vaka-taka resemll bc like
vaka-tau depending on
yaka-tautauvLa e4ually with, by comparison
veitaulni (I) siblings (2) children whose
fathers are siblines; children
whose mothers are siblings
vaka-tini ka va fourteen times
wase divide; i_wasewase
yalo malua gentle-hearted-; Valo
soult; malua. 'gently; slowly'
1
129

13.1
J:
A i ka tini ka t-)lu
(Di
I. Dialocue.
A: 0 eei e lako tti oyd? Who Is going over there?
B: E o koya e lako Where, the one hat goieg on

tiko oy5 e yasa ni the side of e ch?
vale ni-lotu?
A: 0 koya.e liu tiko tr-4 The one tha''s in front of

vel rau, sega ni two, not the one followin,
keya e muri tiko behind.
mai.
B: 01,, keya e taura tiko Oh, the one that carrying the
ha i sele. 0y5", knife. That'.. Aviuta.
Aviuta.
,E rairai'e s5..lesu He mus-t have e back already

beka mai.Lautoka. from Lautoka.
directienals fall into- everal diff _rent classes:
1.Some directionaIs operate like bases, in that they

occur after directional markers. Note the similarity of
patterning in the following:
E a .1,ako ki. SUva 'He went to Suva

E a lako ki vef 'Where did he go
E a lake ki ra 'He went-down
E a lake kJ. FEke 'He went up.'
2. The members.of another class are related to fIrst,

second, and third-person pronouns,'in the sense that they
refer to ',laces near each of these persons. Eg. eqb 'by
me'; eciori 'by you'. 0 5 i- similar to ker -but the former
can mean c ose with ispeet to time, as well as place.
1 0

13.2
11. f4reetiona1 (op Tocativc!o) used. v.rith

ki
_1kers e,
a. Rc.pctitlon.
Mo biuta tu e kfT? rlemU Leave your l_Eage here.

7ful e
.
Stand here.
na nogu kI.
e My key was lost
0 vei e tiko e kO? Who's if.n hero?
Lako tanl mal e Go away from here
Ilb. Substitution.
Cue Sentence
Cici mai i
lako Lako mai i k7e.
toso
biuta
olia
tokia
Iic. Repetition.
Mo bi-kALa ti e,kerl na Leave yoUr lugEaGe
_nomu 5 y-AyTt.
keri. Stand there
E a yali e keri na noqu My key was lost there.
. kI.
cei e tiko e keri? Who's in there? a
Lako tani mai-e keri. Cd away from there.
IId. Subs tution.

Cue Sentence
Cici yani I keri.

lake -Lako yani I keri.
toso
biuta
solia
,tokia
-Repetition.
Mo-biuta tii e keya-na Leave y :Luggage there.

nOmu I yaya.,
131
TU e kc!ya. Stand thOise.
E i yali e,.keyo na noqu My key there,
-0 eel a tiko Who't; in thci.c?.
Lako tani e keya. Go ay from there.
hTf. Subztituf;ion,.. =
Cue SentenCe
Cici yani i,keya.
lako Lako yani i keya.
toso 4
biuta
solia te
tokia
hig. Repetition.
Kauta mai ki loma na Bring your ,luggagernsi
'nomu I yaya.
Reino moria e,,q411-4. 4,44
44,4 look foi, 11., inside.
vale.
Na cava o a la'ki What did:you go and do inside?
cakava e'loma?
Lako mal loma. Come inside.,
Wawa tiko e loma. !Wait inc,ide.
CUru ki loma. 'Enter.
Kauta .mai tuba, na n _mu Bring your luggage outside.
yaya;
Raica mada-e tuba. 'Look for it outside.
Na caVa o a la'ki cakava What did you tr,o and do cutsi
e tuba?
Lako mai tuba. Come outside.
Wawa tiko e tuba. Wait outside.
11h. ,uesti)n and answer.

ie sti on Cue An6wer
E vei na tanoa? loma ni vale' E tiko e loma ni vale.
E -vei a tinamu? tuba E tiko e tuba.
E lako I vei? tuba Au lako i tuba.
E ratou mace loma ni rumu E loma ni rumu .
tikO e vei?
kauta I vei loma,ni Au a biutwe loma ni
na I yaya? lalvato .
kbvate.
132
13.11
M 'u kana e vel? loam vale Karla e lona ni va

E vei na gone? tuba E tfko e tuba,
Me'u lake i tuLg tuba.
Metu vakasagar6 lom:A lc Vaka-6agara loma ni
e. vel? vale.
Me'u vaka-sagar tuba ka-sagarn e tuba.
e vei?
Me'u Icaut. I voi? - ta mai I loma ni
yale.
Me'u kauta I -vel? ba Kauta.yani i tuba.
Repa -ition.
Biuta na cina e (na) dela ni tEveli.

Na cava o cakava tlko e (na) dela ni vale?
Au_ si biuta tiko nala: e (na) dela nI kZvate.
Vaka-raica e (na) dela ni-cakau.
Samake:mada na dela ni waqa.
Biuta na cina e Ia).ruku ni tEveli.
Na cava o cakava tiko.e (na) ruku ni vale?
Au sa biuta tikona ki e (na) ruku ni k-c5v4 e.
Vaka-raica e (na) ruku ni cakau.
Samaka-mada n4 ruku ni waqa.
IIj. Cumulative drill. 'Cues given

mo_ions and picture on blackboar
Q4es_:_ion An ler
E47. tiko e vei 0. koya? Sd tiko loma ni vale o koya.
kU
keri
ken
ruku ni va e
tuba
dela ni. vale
Sã c:ci ki vei o TZmasi?
Sa,lako rnai vei o koya?
Repetition.
Kabata mada cake e Clipb up f-r a co nut (plea
dua na niu.
Laveta mai e cake na Lift your foot up.
yavamu.
Babe e cake Sit on t p. A.t down on a chair.)
Vosa mai e cake. Speak up.
Solia mai ki ra e sb Pass some of those c conu down.
na niu
133
Biutu id no:px kato Place your undernea
Dabc c ra. Sit down.
Vosa Don't .spf2 Jd o JDud .
T050 mai Nove down te.x bttoi
t
kl llu_ ea nomu Bring your luggage up to the

I yayg, front.
Kauta nial e Itu nu 1-10inU Bring your ggage fl
1. ygya.
Dau rai kt Always look (straigh.)
draiya. when you drive.
Dau ral e ltu ni. bera- Always look first before, y
ni o draiva. drive.
Me ra lake mai ki a.Au Let the children come up i
na gone.= front.
,Me ra lako nal e llu na Let the children come over
gone.
Mo gal i 4 muri Then bring your luglia

na nomu ni,oti back after that:
-Mo gal ka ta mai e murt Then bring your luggage later)
na nomu 1 Taya, ni oti after that.
ogori.
C kacaka e liu qal saumi Work fir,,t, then pay later.
Dau rat tiko ga e liu, Always look forward; never
lakua ni rai,ki muri. look back.
Me ra lako mai ki muri Let the children come to the
na gone. back.
Me ra qai lako mal e Then let the children c
mUri na gone. later.
III t Ion als without preceding particles.

petition. Review of the personal directionalsi
oq-6, ociori and oya.
0 cei nanona ± ya, Whme luggage is .th

Kauta ocie5 yua. Take this to him.
Na_cava ocle? What's this'?
00 na noqu mot(); This Is my spear.
0-cei e solta ocia vet Who-gavethls to-you?
0 eel na nona I yaya 1,41-1oe lu gage is that?
ogori?
Kauta ogori.vua. Take him.
Na-cava ogortl 1.14at it?
Ogori na nomu mete, That's. youth spear.
0 eel e-solia.Ogori v- WhO.gave that.to
i$co?
.134
6
0 eel na nona I ydYtY oya? Whose lue;ga--

Rauta oya Take that to him.
Na eava oyau. What' s tht?
0y71 na nona mot°. Thatt's his f;peal.
0 -cel e solia oya voi Who gave that to hir?
koya?--
Mb. Variable
Cue Syr -ence
O cei na nona vava qB?
tavako 0 eQi na kena tavako oqZ?
Yaciona O cei a mena yagona oq-o?
oqorl O cei pa mena yaqona ociori?
moto O eel na nona moto oqori?
i tele 0 cei na nona i tele ogori?
oqb 0 eei na nona isele
oya O eel na nona sele oya?
Repe ition.
Lako nal vei au. Come over to

O cei e R kauta mai? Who brought
Solia g4 mai e due.. Give me one only.
O lako mai vel? Where do you cbme from?
Vaka-toto3n mai vu4. Come over quickly to him.
Lako yani vu4. Go over to him,
0.cei e A kauta yani? Who brought it over (th
Sella g4'yani e dua. Give.one only.
O A lako yani vaka-cava? How did you come over?
Vaka-totolo Yani vuE. Go over quickly to him.
Lako-tani.1 Go away.
O cei e 4 kauta tanii Who took it away?
Lako tani mai vu4. Go-away .from him.
Lako tani yani vuR. Go away-to him.
Vaka-tOtolo tani. Go away quickly.
Although both yaiiland tarii. refer to direction

away from the speaker, tani is less specific at to pla
13

13 7
hId -Cumulat
1.
Cue "en t- 1c
Icey a.
key tike keyi o koya.

,ake tike cake'.6 kf4a.
yei 0
Tiu
tuba
mUri
Lake kl tuba.
loma Lake ki loma.
keyn Lakn ki keya.
delana 0
keri
cake
'kpansien.
Sentence
Lake.
mai Lako,mai..
.tani . .
Lake tani mai.
-vaka-tetele Lako tani mai vaka-totole.
keya 'Lake tani mai keya vaka-totele.
Sara Lako tani -ara mai keya vaka-
'tetplo:
kike Lako tani sara mai keya'vaka-,
totelo kike
MO Mo lako.,tani sara Mai keya vaka-
totelo ki ke.
1. Some words appear in the followIng drills, that have

not occurred in the preceding exerci es. They refer to
directions., but are less like partie es and more like lexi-
cal items. The list is open-ended and includes the Fijian.: _
terms for 'left', 1right'-, compass directions, etc: The,

student may elicit such new vocabulary as needed.
13 6
Ci ci vaka .
ociori
ci val: a ogori
vei Salim
Ci ckvaka -000ri vet S amu
yani Ci civalca yani ociori vet Samu
e dua Ci.civakh, yani e au oclori. vet -
Samu
ka
.
nia
CecivakaIani e dua na ka oqori
vei Sanu.
Rai ca 6 vale .
loma ni Raica 6 loma ni vale .

-e na, dela t6ve ai.c a e loma ni Vale e na de_ a
nI tUveli .
na.tavako Rai ca p loma ni Vale e na dela,

ni,tdveli na tavako.
' kevakd ko Kevaka o raica e loma ni vale
6'
- e.na dela ni tEveli na tavako.
1kauta mai Kevakd'o mica, e loma ni vale .
e na dela ni tdveli na.tavako0

kauta
'vet au Kevaka o raica e.loma ni vale
ella dela ni tEveli na tavako,
kauta mai vei'au.
Variable Slot.
-
Cue Sentence
Kauta mai e, dua oqori ki tuba.

ki ra _Kauta mai e dua oqori ki'rd.
cThiva Cicivaka mat e dua oqori. ki-ra.
ki wai Cicivaka mai e dua ogori kJ' wai.
kE Cicivaka mai, e dua oqori ki kE,
na moto'
Dicivaka mai na moto oqori ki kE.
keyä Cicivaka Mai na moto ociori ki keyR.
y ani
Cicivaka yani na moto oqori ki keyd.
oc176
Cicivaka yaniQna moto ociö ki keya.
vei rau QJ-civaka yani .na moto oci5 vet rau.
na pakete tavako Cicivaka yani na pdkete tavako
oci-6 vei rau.
1 7
fe

13.9
es
Cue o ;.; _ ten
mada yani e loma ni

vale na
dela ni tuveli Vaka-rnica mada yanl e dela ni .
tEvoli na
i lavo Vaka-raica mada yani e de)a ni
.
tEveli.na-i )47.
,biuta Biuta nada yani dela ni
Mai
tvclI
na o.
Biuta mada rnai e \dcla ni tUvoli
na lavo.
kena ve5-' 'BAuta mada Mai e 1ela ni tGveli
-,na.kena.v5.
We7 Biuta Mada mai e k6 na kena vb.
solia Solia mada mai e k7e na7kene va. ,
ki liu Scala mada.mai ki liu na kena-v5.

moto Scala mar_Thl mai ki liu na moto.
yani Solia mada yani- ki liu na moto.
3e.
Cue Sentence
Biuta na dina e n4 ruku ni tvei

dela, Biuta na eina e na dela ni t6yeli.
k3vate Biuta na eina e na dela ni lOvate.
kaloko Diuta na kaloko e na ddia ni
k3vatc.
-loma Biuta na kaloko e na loma ni
kavate.
vale Biuta na kaloko c na loma ni vale.
kato Bluth na kaloko e na loma ni kato.
maroroya Maroroya na kaloko-e na loma ni
kato.
tabua Maroroya na tabua e na loma ni
kato.
boto Marovoya na tabua e na boto.ni
kato.
vunia Vuhia na tabua e na boto ni kato.
IV, Questlon,
Cue Etuonse
'u bluta,c v-i e loma Mo bluta e loma na noqu
na nomu A 5,-6.yR7 ylly=5

13.10
waraki au tiko e tuba E warak_ iko tik- e

e vel'o koya? tuba.
E veina noqu 'Oya na

YaYA?
E vei na noqu mata 00 na nomu -ata hello.
Iloilo?
Me' u e vet'? -Mo tEl e
Na ika eava .Na ika ovri au vin: ata .

vinakate
Me'u biuta e vei? 40 biuta e k.
Na yasana eava Tukuna vua me qara I liu.
tukuna vua
me- qara kina?
O a biuta e vei e ruku ni Au biuta na eina e

na eina? tEve* ruku ni
E dabe tiko e vei e muri E dabe tiko e mUr

o koya? ,koYa.
Me'u lako I vei? mai vei au Lako mai vei au.

O biuta e vei e na dela ni Au a biuta na nomu ki
na-noqu Id? vata na dela ni vata.
E vei na noqu oqo 00 na nomu I viu.
viu?
Me'u kauta ki vei ki cake Kauta ki_ cake na ka

na,ka,oq6? oqori.
Me'u- dabe e vei? ra Dabe e ra.
139

V. Talanoa.
Na k clvf nr-voru
Rauta e l ma sagavulu vaka--caca nalcova koi

Suva, e ciLri koto kina na yanuyanu davu. E na yanuyanu
oqo e tiko kina na koro 'ko Namuana. koro ko Nauana e
vcileka sara-e bati,ni wai. E -1 koro oqp, e toka
kiha e dua na delana. Ni da tn- elana, e-rawa .n3 da rai
ki na vualiku se ki na .deva,
na delana gona oq6, rauta/o 1L4 na di lima agavulu
rua na drau na fiti mai dela w c ra,dau kdol_va
vonu o ira na marama i. NaMuana.- Ni ra sa dau sogo
elana oq3 o ira na marama era sa qai Mai vudulkoto yani .
da rai ta, era sa qai %rude yaduduai cake mai kii dela ni,
a. na vonu.,
Na kacivi vaka-oqi5 ni!vonu e dau daka tale ga e na,ko o
ko Nacamaki e na yareuyanU ko Koro. Na yanuyanu ko Koro e
koto ki na tokaiau kei.. Viti -Levu e na yatu Lomaliti.
-tionh.
I. Cavuta e duana yanuyanu e dau kacivi kina n!a vonu.
tiko e vei na yanuyanu ko Kadavu?

E tiko e vei pa koro ko
i. 0 cei,e dau kapia
v na vonu e na kor
5. vica na maile na yawa kel.Kadavu:maL.0

i-SNu::'n
6. Na yatu yanuyanu cava e will Una
140
3.12
VI. Vocabulary
bati sharp e ge, boarder; bati ni wai

'river bank or the sea coaatf-
cake . -upwards, from above
cici-vaka cid. 'runt; trans cicivaka
lrun to or for'
.cira-va cina 'lamp or torch'; cinava
'find something with a torch'
daku back of a person, or thing
dela above, top or surface of anything
draiva drive, driver (Engl.)
glass, mirror;:bilo Iloilo
'drinking glass'; mata iloilo
'spectacles'
kato basket, box, trunk, suitcase
keri there (by the heare )
kevan if
key (Engl.)
Kadavu island sOuth of.Viti LeVu
!Ovate cupboard (Engl.)
maroroya take care of, keep
Nacamaki village name
Namuana village name 6
ruku space under a thing; it la
used only with prepositions
rumu room .(Engl.)
tabua the whale's tooth
tani different of a place; elsewhere
tveli table (Engl.)
tokalau east
toso move; tran. tosoya 'move an
object'; tosova 'move close to'
t as em auxiliary verb,, t. imp)ies
standing in a place, being in
the given condition
vaka-sagara cook
vale ni lotu church
vata shelf, lo _, platform
viu, I umbrella
v6 left over
vonu turtle
vualiku north
vucu chant
-vude come to the water's sugface
vuni-a vuni 'hide, conceal trans .
vunia vunitaka
yadudua one at a time
141
FIJIAN
A i ka tini -ka v ru. 1son1
( uestions- revie.
I. Cava
Repetition.
Na cava vtl r.I nomu vulica na vosa Vaka-v

Na cava o dau cakava c-nd veisiga Tabu?
Na yanuyanu cava e tiko kina o Suva?
Na gunu cava nu memU gunu vinaka duadua?
Na mataciali-yaloyalo cava o vinakata?
Na gauna cava e na tekivu kina na vuli?
Vaka-Cava o kilai kOya vinaka?
0 kin vaka-cava ni'u tiko e 1(5?
Ib. SubstItutIon.
Cue Sentence
Na cava o :cakava?
kana Na cava 0 a kania?

rai Na.cava o T. raicr.?
rawa
voli
gunu
soli
wili
vola
va-kau
rogo
Na gauna cava 6 dau yadra kina?

lak6 kina ki mace Na gauna cava o dau lako kina
ki Mocc?
kataIau kina Na gauna cava o dau kata au kina?.
lako kina ki vuli
vuka-sigalevu kina
lesu mai kina ki vale
vaka-yakavi kina
vuli 16soni-kina
teitei kina
lako kina ki na.mkete
lako kina ki cakacaka
142
1/4.2
II. Vel__,yaka7eVe-
a. Repetition.
vei .beka na vale ni wal nI mate?

tiko e vei.na.namU vale?
a tiko e vei. na tacimu?
Sa,cakacaka tiko e vei nikua?
kai vei o koya?
a kunea Mai vei na kaloko oclori9
vaka-evei na levu kei Suva?
vaka-evei na deai ni .vuka. mai Suva ki adi?.
Substitution.
Cue Sentence
E vei na rnkete?
posl.tbves 'E vei naTosit5vesi?
r3r3 ni .agavuka E vei na I r5r5 niwagavuka?
:15-acie
5tela
wavu
sit6seni ni ovls
vale ni volavola ni-
Kaunisela ni Merika
vale ni kakaburakL
vale ni zraloyalo
E vaka-evei na dedE ni nomu srt%

-= ,.
tiko voli' e _Suva?
vuka mal SuVa ki Nadi E vaka-evei na dedE hi vuka mai

Suva ki Nadi?
nomwtiko e k6 E vaka-evei na dedE ni nomu
tiko e ke?
nomu cakacaka e na
riöñn gade '
vulki.ucauca
nona tauvi.mate
cakacaka_ocfey
nomu tara na vale
soko ki Labasa
.nomu na tiko mai k
143
lic. Variable !iertt.
Cue Sentence
E vaka-eve na 1. tovo ni soko

mai Viti i Hawaii?,
totolo E Naka7evei na totolo ni so o

Mai Viti ki Hawaii.
Suva vaka-eveina.totolo.ni sokó
mai Suva ki Hawaii?
vuka E vaka-evei ha totolo ni vuka
0141 Silva ki Hawaii?
vaka-cava E vakA-cPVa na totelo "%,
mai Suva ki Hawaii?
.Honolulu vaka-eava na totolo ni vuka
mai Suva.ki Honolulu?
dedE E vakaeava na dedE ni vUka
mai Suva ki Honolulu?
1(6 E vaka-caya na dedE ni vuka
mai k6 ki Honolulu?
lako E vaka-cava na ded6 ni lako
mai k6 'II Honolulu?
o kila 0 kin na dede ni:lako mai Ic
ki Honolulu?
keyi E kila na dedE ni.lako mai kiS
ki keyB?
III. Viea
-a. Repetitipn.
E vica na vosa o
E Vica na tItobu ni uei ai oc13?
0 sE yabaki VAca?
E vica e raWa ni lako ni mataka?
ELlewe vica vei kemuni e rawa ni vukei au?
Sa-vicabeka na kaloko?
Na I ka vlea ni siga nikua?
E vica na levu ni yanuyanu taucoko mai Vi
IIIb. SubstItutIon.
Cue Senthce
E vica .na kemu bal vu?
mu yabaki E vica na nomu yabaki

sau ni.i tui ika ocf6? E viea na I sau ni ika
tItobu ni ueiwai oq6 ?
i_vodovodo hi basi ki Suva
144
lewe xl ko
dedE n1 vuka ki Laba
mai Nadi
..dede7. hi soko mai SuVa
kij_iauteka
ded ni,nomu tiko,
kna yawa mai Necil. ki
Okaladi
balavu nl nomu boto
IIle. Vaiab1 sl
Cue Sen,,t2nco
E viCa na lavo 6 dodonu me'u

solia vei iko?
mai vuü E vica na I lavo e-dodonu me'u

olla
taura E vica na I lavo'e dodonu me'u
taura mal vu7J?
na-ika vioa na ika e dodonu u
'.,taura mai vuli?
ma E vica na ika 6 d-donu mo
taura mai vat?
rawa E vicana ikad rawa mo taUra
maj vuli?
ni o E vica na ika p rawa ni o taura
mai .vu.?
vei Tatou E vica na ika e rawa ni o taura
mmi \rel. ratou?
,volia E vica na ika e -rawa ni o volia
nia vei ratou?
na dalo E vica na dalo e rawa ni o voila
mai vei rato0
levu E levu na dalo e rawa ni o voila'
mai vei ratou?
Gel
A., Repotltlon.
Na vale nei cei ocO?

Na gunu mei:eel oc13?
Na j1na kel cei?
O cei e gone duadua vei kemudo
O rogoca vei cei na I tulcutuku oqti
O cei sa 'vaka-d-onuya na nomu lako?
O cei bcka:ekilE na, vale nei Jone?
O oei soti 6 na qlto ni mataka7
1 45
111.5
IVb. SubstItution.
Cue Sentence
ceiha nena vale.ogo?

gunu el na mena gunu oq5?
ina O ci na kena jAinaoq57
yagana
luvgna
maaa
dal()
kolI
tavioka
tamana,
wai ni moli
tavioka
O eel e a tarã na nomu vale?
kauta mai 0(45 ki k5 -0 .cei e d kaUta mai oq5 ki ke*?

-vaka-vuliól iko e na O eel e a vaka-2vulici iko e na
vosa Vaka-viti vosa Vaka-viti?
talai iko ki nasitoa
solia vei ikona kR oq5
mai raici iko
tarogi iko
vrikauta mai vei iko'
vaka-taitaka vei
leu mai SuVa nikua
lako ki Suva nikua
Variable
que Sentence
O cal me'u k .0 a vua na

oloolo oq5?
oqorl O cei me'u kauta vua na

oloolo ociori?
vola O cei me'u kauta vua na I vola
ociori?
oyd O cei,me'u kauta vua na I vula
kina O eei me'u kauta kina na I vola

oyd?
e vei E vei me kauta kina na i vela
oyd?
oq5 E vei me'u kauta kina ni I v la
oq5?
146
14.6
biuta .
E vei -l'uTbiuta kina na I vola
oqi5?
kato 'E vel me'u biuta kina na kato
oq6?
ki vei Ki vei meu biuta kina na kato
ocia?
Naica-
a. Repetition.
E nalea o lako kina?
naica na 'nomu sica ni suau?
E naica o raiei koya kina?
E naiea na I ka ono ni siga?
naiea datou nalako kina ki siwa?
E naica me'u na raici vuniwai tale kina?
E naiea o na tiko kina mai Suva?
naiea sana oti kina na nomu cakaeaka?
Vb. Subs ution.

Cue nee
E naiea e na Cdkivu kina na vuli?

eakakina na bose 8 naica e na caka kina .na base?
oti kina na nomu gã E naica e na oti kina na nomu gadUl
dola kina,na nomu vale ni
volavola vou
.yaeo mai kina na wage.'
tara oti'kinana vale
oaka kina na nomu vaka-.
_mau
tikivu.kina na vula
ucauea
.vuka kina ki Niu Siladi
o Samu
caka kina na veidigidia
dola kina na bose
Vc. Variable slot.

Cue Sent n
.haica e sa dodonu me oti kina

na waqa _oqp?
vale E paica c sa dodonu me otl k -a
pa vale oqö?
147
-rawa E naica e sA rawa me -oti kina na-
vale oq3?
ni na E naica.e sd rawa ni na oti kina
na Vale oqb?
..oya E naica e sA rawa ni na oti kina
na vale 6y5.?
vaka-yaatak i_ sE naica e sa rawa ni ,na Vaka-
yagataki kina na vale oyd.?
vale- ni Volavola E naica e sd rawa ni na Vaka-
yagataki kina navale ni
volavola oya?
e na siga cava E naziga cava e sa rawa ni na
vaka-yagataki kina-na vale ni
volavola oyd?
You E na'aiga cava e sZ:rawa ni na-
vaka-yagataki kina na vale ni
yolavola vou?
'dola E na siga cava e sE rawa ni na,
dola kina na vale hi volavola
You?
tukuni E na siga cava e sdAukuni ni
na dela kina na vale ni vola-
vola you?
VI. Que tion intonation.
The following are given firs ntonationt-
E sega ni rauta ogo:i

O sa sega ni lake.
O bula vinaka. .
:E rawa ni o vaka-to olo mai.

E lako ki Lautoka o koya.
.E tiko e ke o TImoci.
O kilai koya.
0-sa lesu mai.
E rawa niru vodo yani.
E levu na uca mai Nadi.
h question intonation.
Vic. -Given the sente de with the statement intona _on

produce it with a quest on Intonation.
148

Quest.)ons and Answers
a. Answer the question, using he cue
tions Cues Answers
E vaka-ic11 tlko e vei na nomu 3tela ogori E vaka-i-cili tiko.na noqu,VLagi

'e'na 51:ela oq-ori.'
E vica e rawa ni vodo e na waqa e ruasagavulu E rtasagavulu ka,tolu e rawa ni
oqö? kitou vodo e na waqa too.
E naica au na raId Iko tale e na bogirua 0 na midi au tale e,na t
kina?
Na gauna cava e. na -oti kina na e na vula 6 E na oti na vula i.ucauca e
vula I ucaucaZ nti vula o Mat.
E vei o ni dau siwa kina? e n4 uciwai 0 6
E vaka-evei na levu ni tamata limasagavulu, na
e tiko e Suva? udolu
E vica beka na I sau ni _dal°. oq3? lima na silini
dua na I vesu
0 cei',drau E lako vata ki Suva? luveau
E naica drau na lesu kina mai tini ka ciwa ni
Suva? Okotova
Na cava o vinakata vaka-levu, na na tavioka
dalo se na tavioka?:
E vei bek4 au'rawa ni voli tavak6 ne sitet-oya
Aina?
E vica e rawa ni o kauta mai? . ruasagavulu
ga bate nei cei e vaka-yagataka. ni koro
tiko o ViliaTe?
E miica meu na raici-vuniwai -. na siga mai
tale kina? nikua
E na siga.caVa 0 a yaco mai kina ka ciwa ni
.
ki Nadi? Okosita
D,5 volia ma vei na ntmu s te? Lautoka
vaka-evei ina r!ada ni_nomu vulic4 ono na vula
pa, vora vaki-Viti?
.2
ha vica na kaloko dou na lako veim5md ni tolu
50
kina? \
3 naica drau a yaco- mai kina ki bogirua

Nadi?

iVIib. .Form possible questions for tho following answers.
C ur2 Henr):--,1;u
1. Au di.1 lakb e Na iui e;!=vn_ o clau mbee kina?

na tui na Naloko ,
2:. Au ki]:?, 6 tolu _n a E vico. na Nmtaviai vosa o kilã ?

P1 li y(:).;i:
Au a yaco mai e na
Vukelulu ni
7
aw s a .ot
E raL-114 6 tini ka
ono na mai]e mai
I'k -I, au t k a
niko e b1 ni
uciwai na norju
vale.
6. E kal Ositerelia a
koya.
7 lima na Kabaki n a
dede hi ociu -tiko
e Suva.
8. E soko vaka-dua na
waqa e na_ve_m_auawa
m ai Viti ki
9. E lima na silinl- dua
na i vesu dalo.
10. E walU 'na silini
sl veni r1:71--v oda-
vodo ni basi ki Suva.
11. E lewe tini.e rawa ni
)ako ni Mataka.
Nikua.na I ka tinLka
vãnj. Tiselia.
13 0qinajirni koi
lb. 0 S-a-mu na I liuliu ni
oq
E le vu cake o Lautbka
mai vei Nausp1.,
16. Keiau a lako Vata Nei
luvesu ki Suva.,
17. Au a solia vel turaq,a
ni kora_ na
Selo.
18. AU na lako ena mzicawa
mai ocip.
19. Daru na mai sota tale ,
na vula Na tumai
k.,
20 Ma .noou siga ni sucu
fl I ka. 1117a ni
Jiune .

21. Au yaco Iflal e
Mbnite ni
rifacawa sit ()Li
Oy a
XIIa. Trans la tnto
1. N cavt 11R yti ni. nonn v 'Lica na vosa Vaka-viti?

2. Na yantilu CaV c tikn kina ko Suva?
3. Evei beka na nerla vale?
4. E kai vei a koye
5. 0 s yahaki vica?
6. Sa vica balm na kaloko?
7. E natca si-71 na otl kina rip! nomu cal<a
8. E naica e na yaca mal kina na waqa?
9. E a tauvi mate' vaka-cava a koya?
10. E vaka-evei na dedd ni nomu na tike
Transla e into Fijian.
What is the English word for vale?

What's that?
Where can I buy some cigarettes?
Where have you been?
,5. now much is this string or fish?
6. How many kids do you have?
7. When will you -return?
. 8. When is your birthday?,
9. How Cid he go?
10. How shall I cook your _
?
XIII. Vocabulary.
bage bank (Engl.)

basi bus (Engl.)
bogirua two nights 6-efore
Jiune Juno (Engl.) .
kakaburaki as in vale ni_kakaburaki_ 'b oad-

casting:hetise'-
Kaunisela Consul (Engl.)
MatanitU government
Okaladi Auckland .
Okosita AUgust (Engl.)

Okotova October
oloolo, a parcel, a wrapping
Ositerelia Australia
btela hotel (Engl.)
ovisa officer, policeman (Eng .)
r3r-6, (1) roost, perch ) a landing ground
Siga Tabu Sunday .
silini shilling (Engl.)

sisiveni sixpence (Engl.)
siaseni station (Eng).)
taba 152 branch
-
titobv% deep'(of water ) profouna (of
thoukhi,)
tovo, custom, manner, habit, disposl
quality, chziacter
tui, strinc 01
tukutuku, report, news, messae
wtka-donu y approve,-
vaka-i-cili accomodated
vaka-vulica teach a person something
vale ni volavola office
veldigidiFT election, ballot
vodovodo, fare for travelinr
yuka-ca- vuka 'to fly'; trans. vukaca
'fly over'
vUlagi visitor
wagavuka airplane
wavu wharf,briagt. (Engl.)

15.1
II
F1JIA!,1
A I ka tlni ka lima ni 1oni

(Tu ti k.
o .- ---eent
r- m 4n numh'r. directionqls.\
I. Dialeuu
A, Na cavaro cakava What are you doing?.
tiko?1
B: Soga, t5 e5 e Nothing. I'm just a; home.

vale;
A: 0 se nanuma tlk, na Do you still remember what we

nodatou yeinaki? agreed to do?
B: 10. E datou na lake Yes. What time are we icavi0g.
e na vica na kaioko?
A: 0 iko, o. TInocI vata You, Timci,. and -I wIll leave-
kei au, datou na here_at
biuta e k e na
ciwa.
B: Vaka-cava o Saimene? What about Saimene?

A: 0 koya c sa t. rnai He's' still in Ra, -but he shot
e dodonu me na lako be cming sack today .
cake mai nikua.
E datou na hlko e wai Ar we going by sea or hy land?

se e vanua?
A: 0 kedatou na liu Three of 11,5 who are going firs'

,dateu na muri e will co by land. It's not
vanua, ca na very good to sail, since the
soko oqb ni liwa north wind.is blowing. .
tiko na vualiku.
B: vinaka. All right.--
1. When tiko occurs after a verbal base, it Operates

like a function word. Here it lb a progressive. As a
base, it means 'stay, reside'. Tu as a base means 'stand'.
The distinction between tikeThd ca.is not clear-cbt,
but the former is usually moFF-FxplicD7 as to location.
151
r
Ta o
TU mada. Stand. for the time be- rig)

once)
T]ku St ay See y
. iater)
:!
StrInd here.
o e Stay here.
Tia vaka-ua.
yavala.
Tiko vDka-dua, kua herc don't go about.
veilakoyakj..
0 tri e vei mai Honelulu? Ji A) Honolulu are

0 tiko e vei mai Honolulu? Wn you in Honolu:u?
actly) at win t pl ce?
Tu vaka-ta!,.aue. Sta d u like
Tiko vai Sal cI when all the wopicn in the
fo.mlly are Wit and the aen
have to e'abst!tui;O to do the
dutie.
IIb. T5 ail:1 tiko the base.

E lako tE kl Loutek,, He went to Lautoka (but haon't
koya. returned).
E na lak- tlko 1 Lautol
i
He will be oji tc Lautc
o koya.
Au na lake tale t5 I'll be eoine along too

au. to accompany the groue with
no assignment to do).
Au na lake talc ko ga o I'll be going along (to help
au. with the mission of the trip).
Au na sclia tEl vei o rta I'll giVe you my b (to
noqu waga. look after).
Au na solla tiko iho I'll be giving you my boat
na n qu waqa. look after).
Na cava cakava t5 e t did you do yesterday?
nanoa? Asked with doubt that he
was really doing anything.)
NO, Cava o a cakava What,were you doing yesterday?
e nanoa? (Definitely asking what he
was doing.)
155
5
15.
S a ua It is hirh tide.
'a ua levu tiko. The tido :ix rising.
E sega ta vel au la t I don't have any money,
iavo
sega tiko vc au na I don't have any meney at the
lavo. moMent,
cava o vaha-1-0.5:a tia What are you staring at?
egori.
Na dava o vaka-raica tiko What are you looking at?
ogori.
the pronoun as the bub-'--4-- V140016,,O#

a.
Cue ,ntence,
Na >ne_oc1,6,, e e_tti mai Niu

Aladi e na vula 0 VU,
elcwo rua na gone olliF) F. lowe rua na Rene ND,
a ti-1. mai Niu Siladi e na vula
o Mu.-
e levo tini:na cone oci6 E aewe tini na gone oc15, era a
tia mai Niu Siladi e na vUla
o M.
tolu na gone oyg E lewe tolu na cone oyit, eratou
a tr.1 mai Niu Siladi e na vUla
e Me.,
o iko vata k-1 au 0 kedaru, eda'ru a trt mai Niu
Siladt o na vula o Me.
o iko vata kei tacimu 0 kemudrau kei tacinin, edrau a
tla mai Niu Siladi e na vula
o Me.
o Samu, o Juno kel TImoci 0 ratop o Samu, o Jone iei
TImoei, eratou a tia mai NiU
e na vula eME.
IITb.
Cue oentenoe
Au na lake tale tiko 'gn 0 au.

kei Sala O'keirau kei Sala, e koirau na
lake tale tiko ga.
kei iko O kedatou kei Sala, e datou na
lako tale,tiko ga.
(:) iko
G kemudrau kei Sala, 4 )arau na
lake tale tiko ga.

15.
oi Me 'awl 0 ,i Mara, erau na

tale
vata kel au altou vata rau o Sala }co_
M,ere, e keal'a; lako tale tiko
ira na lewe kaao O Ira na lewe o, era no lako
tiko
o1X Pronouns.
Cue Sentence
- na 20 t5 voi na waqa.
o au vai koya Au na solia t voi koya no noqu wa_a,
v,1
koya na aolia t5 vei koya na nodaru
waqa.
o kemudou vei koya O dou n4 solia t vel koya na nomudou
waqa.
vata kei rau o Tomu koi solia t5 vci koya na nomunl
Saimono --7 vei koya
o'Samu koi Timoci --- Erau na-solia tü vol au na nodrau
vei au waqa o Samu kei
vata. kei Viliamo ---
Eratou na aolia tU vei au na nodratou
vei au waqa o ratou ci niu o TImcci kei
Viliame.
vata i au - vei E keitou (or, e. koi-alaJi) na solla tti
iko vei iko na noftcu ncimami)
wan,
cake an U.
Kauta sobu.mai ki wai. U Ifl it down to the water.
Kauta sobu mai e wai. Bring It over by sea or by-boat.
Va-kau ta. sobu mai ki Send it down to the boati,.
waqa.
Va-kauta sobu mai e waqa. Send it ovev by boat.
Lako sobu mai ki baravl. Come down to the coast.
Lako sobu mai e baravla Come down by the coast.
Kauta cake mai kl na Bring it up to tao river.
uciwai.
Kauta cake'mai Bring it up the river.
Va-kauta cake ki waqa. Send it up to the boat.
Va-kauta cake e waga. Send it up .by boat.
Lako,cake mai ki Barav- Come up to -Baa-avi .e nameY.
Lake) cake mai e baravi. Come up by coast.
V. Variable slot.
due Sente ce
Ni o lesu mai e na yakavi kauta

cake mai na noqu sote.-
_;a1OVU NI o lesu mai e na sigalovu kauta
Cake mTl. na noqu sute.
ke Ke o lesu 71M e na sinalevu .kauta
mai e na St j](-V1I kauta

sübu mal H2. noqu -
Ke o lesu mai e na sigalevu kauta
sobu mai no noqu i vavR.
drau lcsu nni e na sigaievu
_auta sobu nni na noqu i
ni lrau lesu mai ,ni mataka kauta
sobu mai na noqu I vava.
lak Ke drau lakn mai ni mataka kauta
sobu mai na noqu I vava.
VI. Re on aiU vanua.

a. wal
lako kl waj o k He is out fIshing.

Lako ki wai. Go into the water.
,ako mai ki vai. Como into the water.
1,ako e al Go by water or sea.
a ni ,o e wal. His villaze is by tl
vanua
_ I vanua o koya, He _s oe in]vnd.

vanua.. Go as re. Get out of the water.
Lrir.:) mai ki vanuj . Come shore. Come ou of
the water.
vanua Go by land.
koro e tiko e His village i inland.
Va iable slot.
Sentence,
E na rawarawa-kevaka'o d
muri e wai.
E na totolo kevaka o .drau mon

e wai.
E na totolo keiaka o .drau soko
wai.
E na totolo kevaka o
e wai.
E na totolo nI o dou soko e
E na totolo nI o doU lako e wai.
158
15 .6
vin ka E na vinaka ni o dou lako e wal_

vanua E na vAnaka ni o dou lako e vanua.
ke E na vinaka ke o dou lake e vanua.
drudru E na dr&drZ; ko o dou lako e vanua.
taubale E nadrd ke o dou taubale
vahua.
VIII. RepotitiOn. I mataal,
Dralva e na yasana ,Drive an the rIght hand slde.

matau.
na yasana I matau? Where is the right hand
Na nona vale e tit() e na His house is,on the rSghc.
yasaha 1 matau.
Ni sa sivi na wavu ole When you pasS the br Gge turn
e na yasana I matau. to the right.
E mavoa vaka-cava na How was your rir,ht hand Ilurt?
ligamu I matau?-
Draiva e na yasana i mawi. Drive on the left hand

vei na yasana i. mawI? Where is the le hand _
Na nona vale e_tiko e na. His h use is on the le

yasana I mawi.
N1 sa silti na wavu gole _en you pass the bridge turn
na I meld. .to the left.
E mavoa vaka-cava na flow wa, your left hand hurt?
ligamu I mawi?
IX. Va_ able slot.

Cue Sentence
Ni o sivla na wavu gole ki _a i

matau.
donuya NI 0 donuya na wavu gole ki na

matau.
kor Ni o donuya na kora gole ki na.
matau.
lako Ni 0 donuya na koro lako ki na
matau.
mawi Ni donuya na koro lako ki na
yacova N1 o yacova na koro lako ki na.
mawr.
drau 1 drau yacova na koro lako ki.
mawr.
Ni drauyatova na koro lako
na mawL.
muri Ji drau yacova na koro mur1 e
na 1 mawI.

157
dra_ yacova na uciwai. mu'l

e na I mawr.
koso Ni drau _soya na uciwal muri
e na I mawr.
VuPliku (201:Et tolcnlau. and
E Rotuma e ko o e na Rotuma lies, to the nortY of

vualiku koi Vanua Vanua Levu.
,Levu.
Mo rai ki na vualiku. ook toward the north.
E dau cagi katakata na The W,nd that blows from the
cagi vualiku. north is usually hot.
Datou waraka me lima na Let's wait till the north wind-
vualiku tou gal lako. blows then we go.
E gauna vinaka ni siwa ke It is a good time for fishing
liwa na vuali f the north wind b ows.
Xb.
0 Vanua Levu e koto e na Vanua Levu lies to the -_uth

ceva kei Rotuma. Rotuma.
Mo rai ki naeova. Look toward t _ south.
E dau caf. ;i htabati na Thr, wind that blows from the
.cagi liwa mai na south is ,lly
ceva.
Datou waraka me liwa na Lot!s-wait ti 1 the wouth wind
mata ni cagi na ceva .bloWs then we go.
tett qai lako.
E gauna vinaka ni siwa is a ,?00j tIme for fishing
ke liwa na ceva if the south wind,blows.
Xe.
E cabe na mata iii. siga The sun rIses from the ea
mai na tokalau.
Era tukuha ha (lase ni The old people say-that the
cagi'bUlabula na cagi east wind is a healthy wind.
tokalau.
KI pa tokalau kei Viti TO the east of,Fiji lies the
koto.kina na yanuyanu A.sland of Tonr4a.
ko Toga.
Waraka me liwa na cagi Wait till. the eatt wind tlows.
tokalau tou qai soko. then We sail,'
newaqa me Steer the boat-towa d the easi
donuya na mata ni
cagi na tokalau.
160
Xd.
dromu ra rnata ni 51f- The sun sets to the weSt.

ki na ra.
Er tukuna nalas0 nJ. The o- ',people r,ay he
cagi ni tauvi mate na westerly wind br
cagl ickness .
Ki na ra kei Viti e To the west:of Fiji

ciri koto kina na yanu- situated
the island of New Caledonia.
yanu ko Niu KaletCjnia.
Waraka me Jiwa na cagi Vait till
.ra tou
wes,erlios
lako, blows t we go.
Va-golea
-t.
,
qa me oteer the t toward -the w

donuyrJ. mat a
XI. Variable sb
Cue once
Sokotaka vakado -nu na waqa ki

na tokalau.
cake
Sokotaka cake na ,flaqa ki na
tokalau.
ceva Sokotaka 'cake na waqa ki na ceva.
va-golea Va-golea cake na waqa ki na ceva.
boto Va-goleacake r boto ki na ceva.
yani Va-golea yani n1 boto ki.na ceva.
yaka-dodonutaka Vaka-dodonutaka yani na boto ki
na ceva.
cazi 1 ra
Vaka-,dodonutaka yani na boto
ki na_cagi I ra.
sobu Vaka-dodonutaka sobu na boto ki
na cagi
vual
Vaka-dodonutaka liobu na boto ki
na vualiku.
tiko
Vaka-dodonutaka tiko na boto ki
na vualiku.
XII. Ques ons.
Question Cue
Me'u kelea e vel na e cake e Kelea toka e cake e keyri
-waqa? keya pa wa4a.
Me datou lako I vei? sobu Datou iako sobU.
E tikoe vei na nona e wai E tiko 6 waiina. nona kora.'
koro?
.0 lako i'vei oqo vanua Au lako 1 vanua.
:Me'u muri e vei? na Murk e na I matau.
181_ mátaU
35.9
E tiko ,c vei na nona ha i mawl= E tiko e na i niaw na

vale? nOna vale.
Na cap-,1 cava o vu.,Liku E liwa tiko oq6 na vuallku.
eqZ"?
Mery vii-rolea tokalDu VEt-go3ca na aqa I na
na wacla? tokalau.
0 ra kei 0 Nadi 0 tiko. e na ra
Nadi? Viti Levu kel "Viti .Levu.
Na ci cava e dau ceva Na ceva e clan cagl
car,1 bathaLTL? batabatTl.
Me 'u J.ako i vei? cake Lalw coke mai.
Fe 'u biuta e veli? sobli 13:Luta sobu rwei.
F.vel na cake Na id c tiko c cLiko,
Me u dabe e vni ? ra babe c
Na eal-cava.e llwa cac,1 1 ra N a caoj I r c ii ia tiko
tiko or46? org(7:.

15.10
XIII. 7ala oa.
Na 1awa_me_baleta
Me yacova mai na yabaki 1961, e a Eega t 1.1 ni dau vaka

laiseni na goll. E gat buli e dua na kona lama. Na
lama ocii73 e a vaka-roti_kina na veitamata yadua ka vinakata
me (lion me tiko vua e dua na kena 1asen E a tekivil va-
kaukauwatak1 na'lawa °cf.:5 e na wai kei na baravi .ka tike
tikiva na Yasana ko Rewa, Naitasirl, Namosi, S6rua kel na
dua na tikl Tallevu kei Lomaiviti. Era a vaka-roti na dau
(loll me ra vola na nodra I vola ni kerekere na
Talai Volvuke ka garava-na iwasease ka ratou Will kina
ha veiyasana sa cavuti oti tfa e cake. E na 1 vo1;,11 ni
kerekere yadua, me vaka-macalataki kina na wai se na
baravI ka vinakat1 me caka kina na qoli E a vaka-bIbitakl
tiko na vaka-laisenitaki.ni çoli ki vei Ira na dau
volitaki, ka na cala vaka-lawa kina na tamata e sega ni
vaka-muria.
and AnswerS
1. Na yabakI cava e va-ka %.3 wataki kiria na lama
nI goli?
Na yabaki 1961.
2. Na cava na I na-i ni lama ocia?
.Na I naki ni lama oq-a me ra vaka-1-- ni,kina n tamta
dau gen. .
O ira na matagali taniata cava e vaka-blbitaki vei I

na lawa oc-07
E vaka-bititaki na 1awa oq-6 ki vei ira ka ra aau goli
me volItakl.
4 Cavuta e rua na yasana ka tekIvi kIna na va-kaukauwataki
ni lawa ni goli.
Na Yasana ko Rewa kei Naitasiri.
5 Na eava'e na yaco vua na tamata e sega vaka-muria
-11.
na lawa
Na tamata e -ega ni vaka-muria na lawa ego Sa na cala
Vaka-lawa.

5 . 11
IX . Vocabular,,
cab go up a ste..7T place, go ashore
from fidling or bathing
cagi. wind air, atmosphere
na ca,ri
_ - .ra the west wind,
;ye t
dromu sink under w ate r or below the
horizon, set (of the sun or
moon)
gole turn the head ; trans geleva
kozio go through , cross , intersect ,
tranS , ko3oVa
1 alu 11 ce e (1-1:ng1 ya!,ca: lais en).
T 11 cense d t o ; v a;Ta- lais eni_t aka
caus
lawa fis hi nr: net
10;V-3 (1) nurveral particle , preceding
tbers indicating people ;
lewe ono 1 six people
lewe n kora_ villager!z
1 wa blow, of th I nil -Er an s liwava
'blow on or aEai ns t '
mat au , ,
right side
inawl , le "t. side
naki puerOso , Intention
Talal licivuke Couzfq. Ono r
vaka-bTtaka err)!
vak dod or; ut aka re
v ak a- d u. a =
on (-.1
vaka- law a
vaka-ma cal at ak a exp jfl
vaka-roti ued ire3tructed
yak a-t agane a rnin be 1 ot ir lip a male _
vii-k,aukauwa aka strengthen , force

voi lakoy aki mo about freely
veinaki mutually wr,rce to -do
veitamat as in velt _amat a --adua and
e very person
y aval a active Indus trious
Place Names
N ai t rts r
Namosi
Niu
Ha
Rotuma
Sarua
.Taile vu

16.1
-1 IA14
ka tni ono=ni lEsoni

=
(Ru
Dialogue. (rui)
Na cava O.s5 ru 1 Why. are -you so la

dedE kiha?
D: E d rui levu diha was really very :busy.

na noqu osooso.
A: Sa gat yui levu You're'gett ng mire and mo

-tiko gR na nomu busy thee days.
osoo-o e na gauna:
'oq5.
Keitou s 7 rui lewe There are not many cif us, and
lailai_ka lailai we have very lit le time to
tale gR na gauna do our work.
me-keitou cakava
kina na-neitou
.cakacaka:
II. Repetition.
E keitou a sega ni_yaco We didn't arrive yesterday

-mai e nanoa ni. sd rui because the road Is very
balavu na gaunisala. long.
E sR rui dau draiva.. He usually/always-drives fa..
vaka-totolo o koya.
E sa rui -qai qase 85 He is noq much older.
koya.
ci
O. sd mani rui dau gunu After all, you're really
vaka-levu o iko. drinking too much:
Mo kdkuw ni yui laki You mustn't be there too,
ded5 mai keya._ long.
_E BR rui batabatd dma The weather is really,very
Tla draki. cold.
Note
1. Note thatif rul is considered a modifier, itS

position with' respect to the .base. I rljffcrcnt _from most
other modifiers. Rui precedes rather than I ollows the base.
1 60
16.2
III. Substitution.
a.
Cue Se nce
:si rui via mace vaka-levu.

o q Au sg rui oca vaka-levu.
1-4na Au sE rui kana vaka-levu.
o -0 sE rui kaha vaka-levu.
.vaka-lailai 0 sE rui kana vaka-lailai.
solia 0 sg rui solia vaka-lailai.
o drau 0 drau sE,rui,solia vakb.-lailai.
vaka-tUt iu 0 drau skrul solia vake-totolo.
taura 0 drau sE-rui taura vaka-totolo.
were 0 drau, ,.arui Were vakatotolo.
Cue Sentencp
E dodor.0 mc datou vaka7ce7u mada

ni pE rtirkatakata
vinaka E vinaka me _datou vakacegU'
mada ni sE rui katakata na siga,
wawU E vinaka me jlatou wSo5 mada ni
sa rui katakata na siga.
butc'butô na boi E vinaka me datou wgwg mada ni
s5 rui butobutö na bogi.
moce 'E vinaka me*datou moce mada ni
s5 rui butobOt6 ha bogi.
e
E vinaka me datou moce 6 ke7 ni
rui butobutö na
o drau F vinaka mo drau moce e ke7 ni
rui butobut6 na bogi .
au nanuma Au nanuma mo drau Moce e kVni

s5 rul butobuto na bogi._
totolo na kal-obo Au nanuma po drau Moce e kU ni
s5 ruitotoio na*karobo.
lako Au nanuma mo drau s5 lakg.ni
5 rui totolo na karobo.
rd, nce
Sa rui lavu sara g5 na nona

os o.

16.3
dina-, S5 rui levu dina nona

osooso.
kerekere SA rui levu df_na ccã na nona
kerekere.
nodratou S5 rui levu ddna ga na odratou
kerekere.
wale g- S5 rui levu wale gE na nodratou
kerekerd-.
vosa S5 rui levu 111e ra na nodratou
vosa.
rui 1--u wale gd na nodratou
vosa.
udrau rui levu wale gE na nomudrau
vosa.
.71
rui levu nom
vosa.
ulu bale E rul levu tiko ga, na nomudrau
'uluba]e.
nom E rui levu tiko gA na
.ulubale.
hild.
Cue Sentence
-
E sa rui Lawa sar_pJL.5_ na nona
koro.
ale E s rui yaw, sara g5 na nona

vale.
vinaka E s5 rui vinaka sara g na
nona vale.
-nomu E sE rui vin
nomu vale.
dina E s5 rui vinaka dina na nomu
vale.
mot ka E 05 rui vinaka dina
motok5.
totolo E s rui totolo dina na nomu
motok6.
sara E 55 rui totol_ sara na nonu
motok5.
'clef S si rui totolo sara na n
elci.
berabera E sa rut berabera sara na
nomu eiet.
waqa E sA rui berabera sara na
nomu maga.

IV. Expansi6n.
a.
Cue Sentence
S.1 oca o koya.
val7a-levu oca vaka-levu o koya.

rui- Si-1; rui oca vaka-lovu o koya.
rul oca sra vaka-levu o
sara E .
koya.
rui och sara 5 vaka-levu
o koya.
1Vb.
Cue Sentencc,
ea3avu na raunjsala.
rui F rui ly-Aavu na fr,aunlsala.

E sUrui balavu na'ff,aunlsa)a.
s5 dina na
,dina E s5 rui
rauni5ala:
bau rui bau halavu dina na
Cue SeqC,crwe
E tau rlf-J uca.
vako-levu. E Lau vaka-levu nq uca.

rui E roi tau vaha-levu na uca.
dau
E PUJ dau tau vaka-levu na
uca.
55 F 55 rui dau tau vaka-levu
na uea.
E man_: rui qau tau vaka-
mant
levu na ue,a.
E 55 manl dau Lau vaka-
i
17,u,
levu ri na uca.
16 8
16
Vaz a le Idot
Cue
Me datou cegu mada ni sd rui
levu sara Fa na uca.
datou cogu riada n1 :=55
mani rui ievu na uca.

Me datou wawa mada ni sa mani
rui levu na uca.
Me datou wawa mada ni
dau levu na uca.
Me datou wawa mada n1 S5
rui levu na uca.
da Me da wawa mada ni sa gai rul
levu.na. uca.
vla Me da wawa mada ni sd rui via
levu na uca.
cagi Me da wawN mada ni sa rui via
levu na cagi.
dina Me da wawa mada ri rui _leVu
dina na cagi.
VI. Questions and answer spo d with rui.
E osooso o koya? Io, 1 osooso.o kova.

E 5a 0500510 c koya? Io('e an rui. osooso o koya,
E dau gunu vaka-levu? Io, e sa rui dau gunu vaka-
levu 0 koy
0 via gunu vaka-levu? io, nu rulyia g_ vaka-levu.
0 via lake ki Suva? Io, au rui via ltk- ki Suva.
0 sa Io, au sa gal rui mamau vaka-
levu.
0 drau mani berata Ia kelrau si maul rui berata
waqa? na waqa.,
C dou na la'ki ded&? 1o, keitou na rul la'ki dedF:.
E hau totolo na waqa oq Io, s5 rui totolo dina.
Sa baci eudru o koya? Io, e rul haci cudru vaka-
levu o Roya.
VII. Dialocue.
E vaka-evc na decll; flow lcng does it, take a buf;
n1 cici ni hasi to n £roii Suva to pausori
mai _31,1va ki
Nausorl?
1 Yi adli cyc v occurs
16 ,

66
2auta e yto1u It takes about lAirty minues,

saoavulu na nzs a trip.
miniti.
E yavica na 1 vod How much is the. fare?
vodo?
: tat, a na 3 lini It cost!:, d- ix

sisive pence.
VIII. Repet1ton.
E yalima na It is five .11 or a
vesu dalo. bundle of taro.
F dua na vesu dalo e In each bun le of
tikb kina e tauyHvitu are seven taro.
na dalo.
E yalima sacavulu na Thor are fifty horses in
e tikp e na dua na ea ii.
loma n1 hal'.
E na veilema.ni bai yadua In each of these pens there
oq6 e-tiko kina e are fIfty horses.
tauyalima saa'ulu na
ose.
Mo vaka-tawana e tIni ricN, Put in ten gallons of gas
na benisini e eve y hundr 1 miles.
na veiyadua na drau'na
mane.
E na yelya.dua na drau na At eyery hundred put
mane, mo vaka-tawana n ten gallons
yatini na qaloni.
E dua na,tamata,e ta kena One person own- t
e yatini ka lima na conut trees.
'
ni hiu.
Na veitamata yadua- e Each and every perso
taukena e tauyEtini fifteen-coconut trees.
lima na vii ni niu.
Cue en te n_ce
Kauta mai o
na niu icauta mai e yliniat na niu.
ha Kone 1;-,1 MC 'I pcnie yEdua me k Ita mai e
yalima na niu.
17 )
16.7
,
Na gone yadua me na kauta mai

e yRjima na niu.
tau- Na gone yFAua me na kauta mai
e tauyaIinla na niu,
ve' Na velgone y5dua me na -kauta
mai e,tauy5.1ima na niu.
e tiko e k.3 Na veigone yEdua e tiko
me na ka ta mai e tauyalina .
na niu
ni mataka Na volgone-yKdua tiko e k(7.
mena ka ta mai:e tnuylima
na niu ni mataka.
Cue oentence
Me vodo e llrna la tatrata .
e na dua na motok;i Me vodo e lima na tamata e na

dua na
No vodo e yalima na tamata e
na dpa na motok5.
kina E nd dua-na metokR me vodo kija
o yR]ima na tamata.
e dodonu na.dua-na.motokR e dodonu
-6 Vodo kina e y11ma na
tamata.
ta -E na dua na e dodonu
me vodo kina e tauydlima
na tamata.
-na conrnon art _le) na motOhR y5 ua e dodonu me
vodo kina e tauy1 lma na
tamat"
vei- E na WimotaR yRdua e dodonu'
me vodo 1la e tauyalima na
tamata.
na (fu ure terie E na veiyotokR yildua dodonu
me na Vodo kina e tauyaliirta
na tamata.
-able slot.
Cue lonse
vei -1 hai yEidua.orlo e

i
tiko kir i c ydtplu_vdEavulu

na
T'.
ma Na ve13-1 n1 bal y5dua cqc3 (
tiko aliza na lum;, au.
I7
16.8
tama Na veiloma nil bai yhdua o

tiko ini e yhlima na tamata.
mo to kh Na VeiMo yhdua 0(13 e tiko
kina e yal ma na tamata.
vodo Na veimotok5 yadua 0q5'e vodo
kina e yalima na tamata."
waqa Na veiwaqa_yEdua oqa e vodo
kina e_yalima na tamata.
ose Na veiwaqa_yhdua-oq6 e vodo
kina e yhlima na o
tlnl ka lima Na velwacia_yadua ocioe vodo
kinit e yatini ha lima na ose.
taucok0 Na velaaqa taucoko oqo e vodo
kina e yhtini ka lima na ose.
XI. Question and Answer.

Question Cue Answer
yavica na taMata 10 E iliril na tamata e
e rawa ni vodo e na rawa ni,vodo e pa dua
-dua na waqa? na waqa-
E,yavica na I VocJo= 8/- E yawalu na silinl na
vodoni basi ki ,Vodovodo ni basi ki'
Suva? Suva.
E yavica na i sau 4/- dua Na I sau ni dalo 0q6
ni dale- ocio? na I eauyhva nq silIni dua
'vesu ..a J. 'vesu.
E yaVica na rumu e 20 E yirua sagavulu na rumu
tiko e na dua na e tiko e na dua na
taba vale? taba vale.
E na_velyavica na 500 Me dau laura! na motoka
maile me dau lau- ,e na velydli- a na drau
rai kina na motoka? na mAile.
E yaVica na tamata 35 E yhtolu sagavulu ka lima
-rawa ni lake e na na tamata e rawa ni lako
.dua na,mata e na dua na mata i lako-
lako1ako? lako.
Era yabaki yhvica na kl Na gone Null era yuli tiko
gone vull era vuli na 15 c ke era tiko e na loma
tiko ni yabaki tini ka tolu
ki na yabaki tini ka
_ima.
E na g una cava meu veiya- Mo dau ralci vuniwai
dau raId i vuniwai tolu na ve1y5to1u na vula.
kina? vula
E vaka-cava na vei- T,Ayrivh Mo kelia e dua na du
yawaki ni duru meu- pa i na vely5v5 na I ya
kelia? yate

XII. Dialogue. (kel
A: E vaka-. .c. me dat -t olng wit n ?

lako kei Salmon-
E au 5 liu kei ley had gone. wi h Jo rn
Jone e nanoa. yesterday.
.
A: f cei g5 e'datou a Then who al.- we oing with?

lako vata?
Eda na iako kei _

We'll go with the D.O. and
D.O. vata kei ira the villagers.
n4 lewe ni koro.
XI:I. Repeti ion

Keirau 5. losu mai Niu Sam and I returned from.
Siladi.kei Samu.1 New Zealand.
-Keitou na tiko mai keri We'll be there with the_
kei na D.O. ni mataka. D.O. tomorrow.
KeimaMi.na lakp ki Suva We'll go to Suva ith the
kei ira na lewe ri koro. villagers.
E drau na vaka-tawa tiko You'll stay at h6M6 -ith
e vale kei tacimu. your brother.
E dou s5 sureti kei Sala. YoOre-invited with 'lla/You
and Sala are invi
E dodcnu mo ni lako aI You should cOme with your
kei ira na watimuni. wives..
Erau a laga sere kei Jor e They sang vath John.
Eratou na sega ni lako They won't come with their
Mai- kei tamadratou. father. _
Era .i seta kel na meca e They met with the enemies In

na mataka lailai. the Morning.
1. -The English form 'Sam. and I' can be transiat_d

inte Fijian as keirau 'we two exclusivehe and I')
kei Sam. 'and Sam'. Kel Samu works as a kind of apposi NO,
the other person referred to by the pronoun.
173
16.10
XIV. Expansion dri 1.
a.
Cue Sentence
Au vinakatc
mo drau tiko e kE Au vinakata To dra tIico e
kel Saimone Au vinakata me drau tlke .6 kb-
xei Saimone.
llma na kaleke Au yinakata me drau tike e kE
kei Saimene e na lima na
kaleko.
me cia veivesaYi Au vinakata me drau tike e
kei Saimone e na lima na
-kalcko me dateu mai veiVezaki.
kel na D.O. Au vlhakatamo drau tiko e ke
kei-Saimene e na lima na
kaleke me datou mai veivesaki
kei na D.O.
XIVb.
Cue Sentence
Keirau na lesu.
kei -drika .
Kelrau na le u kei M5rika.

me Me keirau na lesu kei Marika.
mai Me keirau na lesu mai kei M5rika.
keiteu na lake ki Me keirau na lesu mai kei M5rika
siwa keltou na gal lake ki siwa.
kei Samu Me keirau na lesu mai kei Mtarika
keiteu na gal lake ki siwa
kei Samu.
ni mataka Me keirau na lesu mai kei Mdrika
keiteu na gal lako lçi siwa
ket Samu ni mdtaka.
XV. Variable slot.

Cue Resbense
0 keii.au kei Pita, keirau na
tilvfria-1- Nadi ni mataca.
lako Ri 0 keirau kei Pita, keirau na

lake ki Nadi ni !nataka .

U.
_ keitou . O keitou kel Pita iteu. na

lako ki Nadi ni aka-
o Ike () iko kel Pita,'dr na lake
ki Nadi ni mataka,
o rau na luvemu O rau ma luvemu kei Pita, ratou
na lako ki ki Nadi ni mAtaka.
iko, O iko, a Jeno kei Pita, dou
na lako .ki Madl ni matakA.
o ke u_ au O kemudrau kei Pita, drau na
k ki Nadi ni mat_
XVI Ion and answer.

Ques Cue An5wer
O cei draU a : Maeiu Ke-lrau lake k_
sulfa? kei Maciu..
eel dou
.c.) tUraga ni Keiteu a veivosaki
saki? koro tEraga ni Rove.
O eei.deu na timi ni Keitou na voicage kei
ni mata'__1
O cei drau ria lesu
s5tia_
S,Amu
natimi ni
Kelrau na lesu'vata
stia.
vata mal? mal,kei Samu.
O cei drau teana luveclu Keirau a tea na volui
voiniu ocio? oq kei luvoqu
E H siwa vaa kei keimami' K imami a siwa vata kei
eel o TImoei e na TImeci e bogi.
r
bogi?
O eel. dou -a vaka- Keiteu (or keimami) a
yakavi vata? vaka-yakavi vata
ira na gone.
XVII.
Na aqavuka
rui uat vI n vuka e na waqavukE 1 kevaka e da via
lake vaka-totole,. me vaka na lake mai Suva kl Nadi. ni
rauta wale ga e yavli sagavulu na miniti na dedZ-1 ni vuka.
0..sb na tamata C na rui taleitaka vaks-lovu na
totolo koi na kena ruil t;aslvi na vuka c na waciavuka, ka
Ta na bo1ea kina na tauyavii_na pTionl.ka tinl na silini
na ker I vedovode. Ia, ociT)-c na rairal via sau levu
toka kevaka c dua e lake tiko kei na noun matavUvale
vaka-bibi na veimauavDvale e tau./511ma scyene na lewena.
75

16.12
Question and answer._
1. Na cava e rul utvi a vuka? .
E' rUt uasivi na vuka ke da via lako vaktoto1o.

2. E vica na ded5 ni vuka mai Suva ki Nadi?
E rauta e yava sagayulu na Miniti n ded5 ni Nuk a
mai Su ki Nadi.
Na c via dredre kina ni vuka e dua na matavivtle

a rauta e lima se ono na lewena?
E na via drEdr5 ni vuka e dua na mataVilvale ka rauta
e lima se ono na lewena ni na rairai sau levu vei
ira e so.
4. E vica_ na,i vodovodo ni vuka mai 'Suva ki aei

E tauyava na paoni ka tini na silini rid I vodovodo .
ni vuka mai Suva ki Nadi.
XVIII. Vocabulary.
baci again, as a re ul
benisini gasoline (Eng? . 'benzin
bole-a bole 'undertake' ; trans. bolea
butobutO darkness, :dark
duru a post,- of a house or fence
karobo dusk, twilight, evening when just
'dark
keli-a keli 'dig a hole''. -= ans. a
laurai 1/17Ible
mani adv. preced hg verbs, indicating
the final one of series of acts;
'then, finally, after all'
matav vale family group
minit minute (En0..)
oca tired, weary
ose horse (Engl.)
n7Jon_ pound (Engl.)
qAlorii gallon. (Engl.).
s ala waqa traveling by airplane
'eti - invited
taba vale, .tory or wing of a building
tAlei-taka t_a14 'wonderfully, admirable '
'trans. taleitaka 'admire, value'
tauke- tauke 'to' PeaseSsi trana taukena
tauyT ua p-fiTETng one f or each
-uas 1%,1. excel
ulubale excuse, pretext' find an excuse
vaka-bT.W:= he avi ly
vaka-tawana fill up, load
veiccage foot ball
11
16 .
veiya aki distance

ya distribu ive prefix to numera_
Also, expressing the .number
of tirn a thing is done.
y ate yard (En

-17.1'
FIjIAN
A i ka tinI ka vitu ni iEsoni
Dialogue.
A: Mo vaka-t tolo de_9 Hurry up'or you'll be late

na bera ki .na . to the store.
sitoa.
vie&
na sitoal
A: na so-na
dau sogo ni sa bera nine.
Tia ciwa.
: E vica na kaloko What time is It now?

oga?
oti na veimam ni It's .after eight thirty.

walu
Au sega ni kilA me'u I don't know whether \

lako ocia_.se melu should gollow or if
gai'laká e na should 0-tomorrow
mataka ni mataka. morning.
A: Na nomu lako sel Whether you go or n
sega e,vaka-tau up to me.
vei au.
Sobo!,. de'u sa Oh, come on, I may

bera. late already.
A: 0 sh sega ni ben., You're not late yet, hurry
vaka-totolo! up!
NOTES
1. Between bases, se can be teansiated as 'or'

When it introduces a subordinate phrase, it means'
'whether'. For example,
E sega ni kilh se vinaka se eg. 'He didn't know
_
whether it was good or not.' 1
De means 'lest, so as not to'.

_2. As do some other particle's, se and de wtth au
form contractions.
178
11.2
TT, Repetn Jil. (se)
Au sega ni kila se'u na lake se sega.

Au sega ni kilE sett) na lesu.mai nikua se ni. mata a.
E sega ni macala.se'u biuta'e voi na noqu k
E sega ni macala se lako mai vei o koya.
O kill se sd yaco mai na, waqa?
.0 kilã se na tau na uca nikua
O kin se i vvi nd cel oq5?
E sega ni macala se me'u lako oq5 se me'u qal lako
_vaka-mElua.
E sega ni macala mo lako se kua.
E sega ri macala se me'u biuta o vei.
III. Substitution.
a.
Cue Sentence
Au sega ni kilE se sE suka

na bose se saga.
lako mai vei o koya Au saga ni kin se lako inai
vei 0 koya.
ratou.sE lesu mai se sega . .
me'u kauta e vica na niu

au a biuta e vei na noqu ki
na cava na vu ni nona.lako
sE.rauta oq5 se s5 tale
sa vica na nona yabaki
sE bula tiko se sE mate
sE dodonu.vei iko
cava na nomu nanuma
Cue Sentence
E sega ni macala se
vica na luvena.
se mataciali ika cava oq5 E -sega ni macala se mataqali
lka cava oq5.
me'u tarogi koya se kua 0
e gone ni Viti se vulagi

se me'u cakava vaka-cava
se cava na kena I ba1ebale
me'u na tukuna vaka-cava
vuR

1.7
se mo Crau lahu
se kua
se sH vo na kakana
sT1 oti
la lako tale g5
o koya se sega
se na vaka-cava na draki
-1 rriataka
Expans lo
Cue 'ence
Au kin%
saga ni. Au sega ni k1i.
se sa7 lesu mai Au sega ni kill se sR lesu
o Samu Au sega ni kin- se sS lesu mai
o Samu.
se sega Au sega ni kilN se sS lesu mai
o Samu ,se sega.
mai Vun Au sega ni k115 se s N lesu mai
Vunidawa o Samu se sega.
e na mat Au sega ni kiln se sR lesu mai
,Vunidawa e na olataka oc16 .o
Samu se sega.
IVb.
Cue en tence
Taroga vua.
se _aici Jone Taroga vuA se raici Jone.

Taroga vuA se A raici Jone.
mai-Lautoka Taroga_vu5 se 5 raici Jone
mai Lautoka.
e nanoa Taroga vuR se raici Jone
mai Lautoka e nanoa.

17.1:
Va0ab1 e sTQL,
Cue onse
-Au na lesu
mai nlkua séni mataka.
rateu Au sega,ni kild so ratou na
iesu mai nikua se ni mataka,
lake Au sega niAila se ratou na
lake mai nikua se ni mataka.
E sega nc kllã se ratou na
lake mai nikua se ni mataka.
Maeala E sega ni macala se rateu na
lake mai nikua se ni mataka
sega E sega ni macala se rateu na
lake mai nikua se sega.
yani, E sega ni macala se rateu na
lake yani nikua se saga._
E sega ni macala se rateu E
lake yani nikua se saga.
e nInoa E sega ni maeala se rateu R
lake yanl e nanoa se.- -ga.
- VI. R-pe ition drill, (de)
Mo vaka-Lotolo de o bera ki na si
Me dou SN lake de e deu begi kose.
Tukbna vud de sa saga ni rogoca.
-Vaka-raica mada a ike de rawa ni o kunea.
Me vol.ia mai na suka de oti eq6.
Mo tika gR 6 kd de o gal suasua.
Me darU lake gd nikua de gal draki ed ni mataka.
Me tarogi koya tale de gal guileeava.
Kakua ni-lako de e na oca wale gd.
Kua ni draiva vaka-to,olo de o na gal coqa.
M. SubstitutIon.
Cue Sentence
Vaka-tetele de oberatanabasi.
tau na uca Vaka-tetelo de tau ha uca.
na gai draki cd ni mataka
,sd waraki ike tiko mai e
koya.
bera na I katalau
ratou oca e-na wdwd
vinakatapo-draU ha-lako
vata
17.5
daru berata na wagavuk,1

au qai boc,I koso
rau si vaka-rau lake
o drau biu t5 mal
VI pans on.
E
Cue oun
Vaka-toto
mo lake Vaka-totole me Take.
na Vaka-totclo me na lake.
drau Vaka-totolo me drau na lake
de Vaka-tatolo de mo drau na
lake.
vata Vaka-totolo de mo drau na
lake vata.
vinak ta Vaka-totelo de 'vinakata mo
drau na lake vata.
ViIib.
Cue Sntenee
Lako.
daru Daru lake.
nikua Daru lake nikua.
de drakl ca Daru lake nikua do draki ea.
ni mataka Daru lake nikua,de draki ea
ni mataka.
ga Daru lako gE nikua de draM
cR ni mataka.
qal Daru-lako gR nikua de gai
draki cR ni mataka.
IX. Variable slot.

Cue Resporse
Mo kakua ni lako de o
_ na oca
7WaTE=AA.
caltava Mo, kRkua ni cakava de o na'
oca wale gi.
au Me'u kalcua ni cakava dc'u na
182 oca wale a.
17.6
k;6kua ni
be:
bera vwle g.
Melu kkua ni cakava de'u na
gai
qai
drau Mo drau-kdkua ni cakava de o
drau na qai here,.
cudr U vi Mo drau k5kua ni cakava de o
drau r qai cudruvl.
kauta Mo drau kdkua ni kauta de o
drau na qai cudruvi..
kua Mo drau kua ni kauta de o
drau na qai cudruvi,
Talanoa.
na gall vaka--lavo ki Peritanla se ki
E.dua na I vola e a vol5 ko Mr. R. W. R. ka tabaki
e naniusiveva oq6 e daidai. E a void o koya_ni vaka eda
veidretaki tiko o na dua na gauna lekaleka oci5, se me ,da
qali kJ Perit5nia se ki Esia. 0(15 e baleta na veika ni
noda bula vaka-i-lavo. S5 dodonu me da mamN vakavinaka
ka tiloma vaka-mN1ua,na lewe ni I vOla oqö.
-Na k5 me qarauni matua do Mani yaco na nodrau vei-

dretaki keda na qarikau e rua 0q5--vaka-i-1avo, sega ni
vaka-rago,--Ts da kx,bL=su kina. Id ke da SU: kabasu e na
vuku ni ka vaka-vuna me rau dui gole ka
rogota yarli na Neikri.erau lukuta rawa mai na dui taba n:
bisinisi crau taukena tO, eda,s5. na qal biu ta e na liga
lala kei na dravudravua.
Adapted f om the editorial
VOLAGAUNA VG 422:13 1/61
Quee ions and answers

1. Na cava e a cakava ko Mr. R. W. R.?
E d vol5 o Mr.,R. W. R. e dua na I vola.
2. 0 cei o rau na ciarikau e tukunitiko e na I vola oq5?

Na qarikau e rua e tukuni tiko e na I vola oq5, oya
o rau ko PeritRnia kei- Esia.
Na niusiveva eava e a tabaki kina nd I vola nei

Mr. R. W. R.?
Na I voIa net Mr. R. W. R. e a tabaki,e na Volagauna.
4. E na I ka vica ni siga e a tabaki kina na hiusivevd

oq5?
Na niusiveva oq5 e A tabaki e.na 1 kd tlni ka tolu
ni Janueri a961. 1 K3
17.7
Na rnataqali veidre -ava e vakamaoalataki tiko e

vola mg)?
Na veidre e-baleta na yolks ni nods bula vaka-ilavo.
XI. Vocabulary.
bisnisj ..busine,, Engl.)

bogi koso last till night and then not be
finished; overtaken by night,
as on a journey
coqa run into, go against; trans. cpqa
de 'lest, so as not to
dravudravua poor, pover
Esia Asia
guilecava forget; -u -,ulleca aid of one
who easily forgets'
kaba-u pasSive form from basuka; broken,
smashed
lala empty
luku-ta iuku 'hold several things in the
hand at once'; trans. lukuta
mardi chew; mama vinaka na keMUIP-gew
niusiveva newspaper (Engl.)
Peritania Britain
qali twist together, roll together,
annexed-
qarauni shovld be considered, should be
paid attention to
qarikau superman
rogo-ta roqp 'carry, in the arms, clasp
in the arms'; trans. roqota
sobo interjection of surprise
taba- a taba 'press, print'; trans. tab a;
pass. tabaki 'printed'
tilo-ma tilo IswalloW; trans tiloma
vaka-i-Lavo financially; bula_veke.47lavo
'economie
vaka-yago bodily, physically
veidre pull one'against enother, have
a tug of war, disagree, fight
-over something; veidretaki
'disputed, conteEYFEIT------
veika things' e lako vinaka na_veika
keep_ ere-going Well'
Volagauna the name of a Fijian newspaper
vuku sake-1 pause; (not used'aione)
1 4

1
FIJIAN
A I ka t1hi ka Wahl ni leooni

(Vaka- - base, wit_ or ith,..)ut suffixes)
I. Dialogue.
Yalo vinaka, vaka- r breakfast

Please) have my
rautaka ma a na ready.
clau i katalau.
B: cava o sH vaka- What are you in a hu ry for?
A: Au via lako mada I'd like to go to Suva.

ki Suva.
Vaka-cava, o sE na Say, won't you be going next

sega ni la_o e week?
na macawa mal c13?
A: It:),e na vaka-bera No, it will only cause 'unneces-

wale ga Vaka-ievu sary delay in my woek.
na'noqu cakacaka.
Wawa, me' u va-kata- Wait, let me warm up your food.

katataka madi, ra
kemu.
Kusa, me'u bau a'ki Hurry, so I can catch the nine

vodo e na ba- ni o'clock bus.
ciwa.
A 'complete descript_on of the uses of vaka- would be

lon er than the lesson itself. However, the dialogue il-
lUs_rates some of the more col. aon uses. One the caUsative,
is shown by the following pairs: ,
rai 'see' vaka-rai2taka 'reveal (cause to be seen

EFia 'late vaka-bera 7Taelay (cause to be late)'
mate 'die' vaka-mate-a. 'kill (cause to die)'
Vaka-levu shows another use, allowing a base to modify the

nucleus of a verb phrase.
The expansion drills illustrate\that Paradigms of sorts
-can be made for some bases, showing de'riVed forms-with rer
lated meanings. But the paradigms for b,al bases are not
alike, and generally, the derived forms 6hould be learned
with the bases.
1 ç 7-;

18 . 2
II. Repeti ion.
Vaka-totolo do o vaka--born na nodatou lako.

Vaka-stnait a mada na dramu _q
Kua ni vaka-otia, au viaakata c eb.
0 vaka-dinata na kd a tukuna?
Kua ni vaka-rerea do base ni lake.
Qarauna me kua ni vaka-yalia.
Na cava o vaka7daroya kina na
Yalo vinaka, vd-gunuva mada na noqu ose
Yalo vinaka, vd-kania mada na gone oq5.
Td-molca mai 1c i3 na nomu wa
IIb.
Vaka-raitaka mada vei au na nona vale.

Na eava o s5 vaka-totolotaka?
Vaka-dodonutaka mada na noqu kaloko.
Drau wiwi me'u vaka-mamaeataka mada na noqu I sul-
Cl_vaka-uouataka Naka-eava na nomu I lu?
VE-katakatataka na wai.
Va-gaunataka na nona Rana.
Vaka.-levutaka na gauna ni eegu.
Kua ni vaka-lolomataka na_kolr
Na eava o vaka-rarawataka kina na gone oqb?
III. .1 sti ut on.
Sentence
Yalo vinaka, e rawa ni- o

vaka7raitaka: vel_au?
o vaka-sInalta na nogu Yalo vinaka, e rawa, ni- o vaka-.

bib° sInait'a na noqu bilo?
o vaka7yadrati koya
o drau gal vaka-otia oci5
o dou vaka-savasavataka
na vale
o ni gal vaka mRrautaki
koya tiko
o vaka-eeguya mada na
tUraga ociö
keirau gal vaka-raiea
ni mat aka
o tukuna vuE. me va-
katakatataka
186
18.3
o vaka-_ agara na dalo ociU

o va-gu- uva na OBC
ITIb.
Cue Senter
E dodonu mo vaka-batabatmtaka_
ni bera ni
va-katakatataka ni bola E dodonu mo va-katakatataka ni
ni o_kania bera ni o kania.
ni bora ni o
were
vaka-raica vaka-vinaka
vaka-mamacataka na nomu
sulu'
garauna mo kua ni vaka-
mavoataka
vaka-rorogotaka na nona
vosa
vaRa-levut ka na kena
waseWase_
vaka-sagara e tuba
vaka-otia sara na no u
eakaeaka
kua ni vakama_ea
IV, Varia l- slot.
a.
Cue Response-
E dodonu mo vaka7levutaka na
kena waseWaael.
nodrau E dodonu mo vaka-levutaka na

nodrau'l wasewase.
vaka-lailaitaka E dodonu mo vaka-lailaitaka .na
npdrau I wasewaie.
I tavi E dodohu mO vaka-lallaitaka na
-nodrau I tavi.
vaka-maealataka E dodonu mo vaka-maoalataka na
.nodrau I tavi.
au vinakata Au vinakata rn vaka-macalataka
.na nodrau
neitou_ Au vinakata mo vaka-maealataka
na neitou I tavi.
vaka-raitaka Au vinakata mo vaka-raitaka
na.neitou i
18-
kerek Au vinak t- mo vaka-rai aka na
neitou kerelere.
Cue 1±L81-121.2-L5e
E rawa ni o gal v5.-kania tiko

na luvegu ke'u bera mai e na
yakavi?
na ose E rawa ni o gal vR7.kania tiko
na ose kesu bera mai .e na
yakavi?
E rawa ni 0 gal va-gunuva tiko
nd ose ke'u bera mai e na
yakaVi?
nikua rawa ni 0 gai vd-gunuva,tiko
na ose keiu bera mai nikua?
ira na manumanu E rawa ni o gal vd-cl:unuvl ira
ti_ko na manumanu ke'u bera
mai nikua?
val E rawa ni o gal va d-raica ira
tiko na manumanu ke'u bera
mal nikua?
na waqa E rawa ni 0 gai vaka-raica
tiko na waga ketu bera mai
nikua?
va-ke1ea E rawa nl o gal va-keiea tiko
na waga ke'u bera mai nikua?
dedE E rawa,ni 0 qai vR-kelea tiko
na waga ke'u dede-mai nikua?
V. Transformation: Make causa ives from the followIng.
Cue Sentence
E a mavoa o koya. O eel e_R vaka-mavoataka?

E suasua na i sulu. O cei evaka-suwlaataka?
E marau dina o koya. O cel e vaka-marautaka?
E rarawa vaka-levu o O 'cei e vaka-rarawataka?
_koya.
Sa mamaca na nomu O cei sa vaka-mamacataka?
E dodonu,o koya. e. a vaka-dodonutaka?
SR cakacaka o Pita. sa vaka-cakacakataka?
S. batabatR na bia.- 6a: vaka-batabatataka?
E katakata na kakana. sR va-katakatataka?
138
E kadresu na nom: SOLQ. O cel e vd-kadrosuLaka?
Au sT1 raica. O cei ,s11 vaka-raitaka?
E vaka-Tolom- dina O cei e vaka-lolomataka?
Vb.
uue Sentence
E n suasua o koya. 0 cei e i vaka-suasuataki.kova?

E a marau vaka-levu o, 0 col e a vaka-marautaki koya?
koya.
E mavoa o koya. 0 eel e vaka-Tmavoatakilcoya?
E gadE ki Suva o wya. 0 cci e va-gadetaki koya?
E maten-1 vaka-levu o k 0 cei e vaka-matenitaki koya?
E a_kidacala o'kova. 0 eel e, 5 va-kidaealataki kova?
E sa rui rarawa o koya. 0 cei e vaka-rarawataki koya?
E madua vaka-levu o kova. 0 cei e Naka-maduataki koya?
E a cakaeaka o koya. 0 eei o vaka-cakacakataki koya?
E 6,5 mamaca o koya. 0 cei sa vaka-mamacataki koya?
VI. Expan
a.
Cue Sen e ce
E suasua.
na gone H suasua na gone.

tiko E suasua tiko na gone.
vaka- E vaka-suasua tiko na gone
era Era vaka-suasua tiko na gone.
lalai Era vaka-suasua tiko na gone
lalai.
-taka Era vaka-suasuataka tiko na
gone lalai. .
na nodra I sulu Era vaka-suasuataka tiko na

gone lalai na nodra I Sulu.
VIb
Cue Sentenee
Raica. fi
na vale Raica na vale,

0 O raica na vale?
e rawa ni E rawa ni o raica na vale.

18.6
vaka- E rawa ni o va -lca na vale.

F. rawa n1 o v:karaitaka na
vale-
nei Jone E rawa ni o vaka-raitaka na
vale ne1 Tone .
vei au E rawa ni o vaka-raitaka vei

na vale noi Jone.
Vic.
Cue Sen
na kdkana katakata na kdkaaa.

sd katakata na kdkAa.
vaka- E sd va-katakata na kdkana.
-taka E sd va-katakatataka na:kdkana.
tiko E sd vd-katakatataka tiko na
kakana.
o koya E 65. vd-kata1catataMtik6 na
Marla o koya.
e vale ni kuro E sA v7i-katakatataka tiko na
kakana o koya e vale ni kuro.
VII. Supplementary dialogue.

vak9. dod 7aka 't- ot =ighten, to recti
A: E dodonu mo yaco You should arrive here before
mai ki ke ni bera six.
nA ono.
B: 0 kila vaka-cava? How do you kno

A: E rauta gã e rua na It only takes two hours.. As
aua na kena kena soon as you're finished
ded6. NI.° suka come straitht here .
ga, vaka-dodonu
sara mai.
B: Sd vinaka, me'u 0.K., let me correct my watch
vaka-dodonutaka first.
mada na noqu
kaloko.

18,7
VIIb. vaka base -I- one syllable suffix

A: Curu mai mo vaka- Come in and rest for a while.
cegu mada.
sa vinaka, au sa Thank you, I'll fin

vaka-otia mada first.
ego.
A: Au _a gal vaka- I'll wake up Sam to finish it.

yadrati Samu me
vaka-otia.
Ia, ã vinaia. 0.K, ' you.
A: Dua vel iko na bile Have a cup of tea?

tI?
Sega, vaka-SInaita No, just fIll me up a giasb of

ga mai e dua na water.
bile wai.
Vile. -aka-evei
A: E vei beka au ra a Where can I ctange my n y?

ni veisautaka
kina na noqu
lavo?
E na vale_ni vola- At that office.

vola oyit.
A: E vaka-evei na i How about the bus schedule

vaka-rau ni_eici here?
ni basi e kE?
: E dau tekivü e na They start at six and keep

ono ka ra vei- running till late evening.
ciciyaki tiko,
me yacova na
yakavi bogi.
A: 01, si vinaka vaka- 0 , thank you very much. Are

levu. E vaka-evei there any entertainment
e bau t e kF e s places here9
na vanua ni vei-
vaka-marautaki?
B: Io e bau vica toka Yes, quite a few.
19
A: ay Very well, I mill Fo, and have
la'ki vc-A.2;autaka my money chanc:ed and then
mada na noqu plan my move later.
lava qal macalUt
liaka-mEl ua na
noqu veltosoy aki.
Io, vinaka. Qai O.K. See you latar.

lako.
A: S. MOce. 0ood-by,
VIII. Talan
Na nodra vaka- 1 na leWen± vanua.
E na mua ni yabaki 1960, e teklvu tauyavutaka kina

na Matanitia ko Vit1 e dua na .sasaga. 0(43.e baleta na
.
-nodra vaka-cakacakataki vaka-leWe levu na lewe ni vanua e

Nlti. E tovolea na Matanitta me vaka-vure- e vuqa na
gaUnisala nl kune eakacaka.
E a vaka-bibitaka kina flt Matanita na nodra taurivaki.
na lowe ni vanua: c Viti _e .na veicakacaka.ka a dau vaka-i-_
tavi gd kina e liu na vla,i dua na Matanitii ka veivuke
vaka-levu e na sasaga oq-6 na Matanitia ko Niu Siladi. E.
na nodrau veidinadinati;ko Viti kei na Matanit;:t ka rawa
ni soil veivuko e na sasaga oq3, era a vaka-vuliei ka
va a-rautaki kina a ra ka digitaki.
Viti e S. vaka-yacori tale ga kina e dua na I wasc /

ni veivaka-vullei vaka oq3. E,daidal sa laurai-sara na
vua ni saSaga oq6 e na veitaba ni eakaeaka me vaka na
eakacaka vaka-dau ni walesi e na I rorb ni waqavuka, caka-
caka e na baqe, tabana ni bokobuka kei na vuqa tale..
Question and Answe
1. NA eava e a tau- Nutaka na -_atanitTl-ko Viti e na

yabaki 1960?
E S. tauyavutaka na Matanit ko Viti ena yabaki 1960
na na sasagataki ni nodra vaka-cakacakataki vaka-
levu na lewe ni vanua'e Viti.
Na mataqali cakacaka eava e, S. nakiti me ra vaka-

cakacaRataki.kina na lewe ni vanua?
Na mataqali cakaeaka. ka .a dau vaka-i-tavi g5 kina
e liu na
9
1

18.9
3. Na. mataqali veivuke cava c a solia na Matanit_ o Niu

Siladi e na vuku ni sasaga oq6?
.E d veivuke na Matanitti o Iu Siladi e na nodra vaka-
vulici ka vaka-rautaki na lewe ni vanua ka ra d
digitaki yani e Viti.
4 Na cava sd vua ni saska oq
E daidai sa_ ra vaka-i-tavi na lewe Viti e na veicaka-,
caka vaka dau ni wdleoi, cakaeaka e na baqe kei na
vica tale.
X. Vocabulary.
aua hour (Engl )
bilo' cup
boko. 11C a as in tabana_ni_bokobuka 'fire
brigadei-
digitaki chosen,seleCted
dramu A,rum (Engl.)
Icadresu passive form of drp- ai rent,
torn, of clothes, sails, etc.;
va-kadresutake 'tear''
kidacala wonde be SUrpAsed; va7kidacalataka
'surprise, one'
kusa be quick, hasten
rhAda ashamed, bashful; vaka-mAdataka
'cause shame to
manumanu general name for anLmals and
bfrds; manumanu :_ava ,
'animal ; manumanu_vua Fbjrd l

nak intended, planned
qau 1. mine (to ea); Tt is
used wherever the possessive
is required; a _au-revu 'my size'
sasag4,- effort, attempt;.ERImALLA 'at-
tempted'
tauyavutaka found
va-gadEtaka show someone around
va-gata sharpen ,
va-gaunataka. tiMe,regulate
va-golea cause to turn the head to
va-gunuva give a drinKto
vaka-batabatataka cool, make _cold
vaka-bera cause to delay.
vaka-cakacakataki 'employed
7aka-ceguya -make,to rest
eaka-daroya prevent, postpone, cause not
to.happen
vaka-dinata . recognize as true-and so believe,
_fulfill, obey.
,employed,

18.10
val a VVtak increase the number or ZO

a thing
vaka-lolomataka make mise able
vaka-mamacataka dry (vJ
vaka-mdrautaka. make happy, delight
vaka-matea put to dea,h, kill
vaka-mdvoataka wound, damage
vd-kania feed, graze
vaka-rarawataka' make unhappy, torture, used for
body or soul
vaka-rerea frighten
vaka-rorogotaka report a thing
vaka-savasavataka cleanse, purify
vaka-sInaita fill up
vaka-suasuataka yet (v.)
vaka-katakatataka heat, warM up
vaka-yacori brought to pass, fulfilled
vaka-yalia lose a thin&, waste away
vaka-vurea cause to spring up, invent come
up with
vd-kelea bring to a step, anchor (of a boat)
veicakacaka jobs, types of work
veiciciyaki run about
veiditadinati argument, acknowledgment
veitaba branches, departments
veitosoyaki random movements
veivaka-marau aki entertainment
veivaka-vulici taught, trained .
vuqa many, ialmerous

wdlesi radio- telephone, wireless (Engl.)
194

Peace Corps Lessons in Fijian PDF

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Peace Corps Lessons in Fijian PDF

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Lessons in Fijian

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

Although one's first guide to

It must be remembered, however,

CONSONANT3 Approximate English Equiv4,lent

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No English symbol. This sound is made

1 in English like, bu made w _h

(as in English wet,

y ( adc wIth less tens__ -ss of muscle

Fijian has fiv- vowels, thereby

rt like sk± than key. In faster

No English symbol. Thio consonant

m (as in English mat.)

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Although vowels like that In English make do not

more anct mope liRe d phthongs.

the secoiidtoiast vol,Jel, unless the las

Ti four-syllable words, on not onl

ne learning a secon1 langua e has a ter-

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The a in Engl -h father is a.better

Long _vo els

In describing English sounds, the te_ 'Ion was

present teaching material as well as in recent

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2. Fijia.1 vowel sequences vs. English diphthons.

In certain positions, Fijian vowel sequences arc

two peaks, compared with one for the English

1. Fijian lonF; vowels vs. English diphthoncs.

Here, a 1on-7, 1ts lons.er in duration ti.ah a

short vowea, ar.6 tir. is not significant change in quality.

A. Li:lten, but dr,iHt rt7,11;

The use in the Fijian spelling system of g for [ni

stems from a convention established'elsewhere in the

Pacific- .by the earlly missionaries.

initia] nosition in Fijian presents special problems to

ogo ogo ogo go go

--Ta 'gape' gai 'pet pi

kei 'of' Kay

Long Ort vowels.

lolc 'coconut juiee '

kaka tutter' kaki; 'parrot'

Although in faster speech there is some falli

In speech, thc sound is often ma

ciri 'drift' kar 'Iwle canoe

I. Li-t n, but repea

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.Some learners subst tute [

gusU Tng sul

Repond with r1pht or wrong for the following

WRONG .gusu WRONG hi RIGHT ,

ngone WRONG rRuiu WRONG. nOe RIGHT,

These sprenasali', stops are very sImilar to Eng)ill

eqmnee 04 a 'plUs a- trilled or flapped

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rai rogo rusi

Contrast between R v [a] and English v [y].

Fijian v, although very ar in sound to EnglIsh

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Because uf the nature of the two

Fijian sysi-em and Still, for the

reduced for the,Fijian form, or they - ,