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Профессиональный Документы
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Vocabulario
Afghanistan—Afghan Argentina------Argentinian
Australia-------Australian Austria---------Austrian
Canada---------Canadian Chile-----------Chilean
China-----------Chinese Czechoslovakia—Czech
Finland---------Finnish France---------French
Germany------German Greece--------Greek
Holland--------Dutch Hungary------Hungarian
Iceland---------Icelandic India-----------Indian
Iran-------------Iranian Iraq------------Iraqui
Ireland---------Irish Israel----------Israeli
Italy------------Italian Japan---------Japanese
Jordan---------Jordanian Mexico--------Mexican
Nepal-----------Nepalese New Zealand---New Zealander
Pakistan-------Pakistani Paraguay----Paraguayan
Peru------------Peruvian Poland---------Polish
Romania------Romanian Scotland----Scottish
South Africa----South African Spain-----Spanish
Switzerland----Swiss Syria---Syrian
Thailand-------Thai Turkey—Turkish
Uruguay-------Uruguayan USA-------American
Venezuela----Venezuelan Wales---Welsh
Pronombres
Pronombres Pronombres Pronombres Adjetivos Pronombres
Nominativos Acusativos Reflexivos Posesivos Posesivos
I me myself my mine
you you yourself your yours
he him himself his his
she her herself her hers
it it itself its -----
we us ourselves our ours
you you yourselves your yours
they them themselves their theirs
Pronombres Indefinidos
everybody nobody somebody anybody
everyone no one someone anyone
everything nothing something anything
Pronombres Relativos
who which that whom whose
Determiners
The Definite Article The Demonstratives The Quantifiers& Others
The Indefinite Article The Possessives The Numbers
The Definite Article: The (de / di) el, la, lo, los, las.
The boy - el niño The box - la caja
The boys - los niños The boxes - las cajas
The girl - la niña The beach - la playa
The girls - las niñas The beaches - las playas
The bus - el autobús The person - la persona
The buses - los autobuses The people - las personas
The man - el hombre The factory - la fábrica
The men - los hombres The factories - las fábricas
The woman - la mujer The foot - el pie
The women - las mujeres The feet - los pies
Adjetivos
Comparativos & Adjetivos & Adjetivos & Adjetivos &
Contrastes Superlativos Verbos Adverbios Sustantivos
Contrastes
Awake - despierto Asleep - dormido
Beautiful - hermoso Ugly - feo
Big - grande Small - pequeño
Bitter - amargo Sweet - dulce
Black - negro White - blanco
Careful - cuidadoso Careless - descuidado
Dark - oscuro Light - claro
Dead - muerto Alive - vivo
Deep - profundo Shallow - superficial
Difficult - difícil Easy - fácil
Dirty - sucio Clean - limpio
Drunk - borracho Sober - sobrio
Expensive - caro Cheap - barato
Far - lejano Near - cercano
Fast - rápido Slow - lento
Fat - gordo Thin - flaco
Full - lleno Empty - vacío
Glad - contento Sad - triste
Good - bueno Bad - malo
Happy - feliz Sorry - apenado
Hard - duro Soft - blando
Healthy - saludable Sick - enfermo
Heavy - pesado Light - liviano
High - alto Low - bajo
Hot - caliente Cold - frío
Interesting - interesante Boring - aburrido
Late - tarde Early - temprano
Long - largo Short - corto
New - nuevo Old - viejo
On - encendido Off - apagado
Past - pasado Future - futuro
Polite - cortés, atento Rude - grosero
Rich - rico Poor - pobre
Right - derecho Left - izquierdo
Right - correcto Wrong - equivocado
Rough - áspero Smooth - suave, liso
Safe - seguro Dangerous - peligroso
Same - mismo Different - diferente
Simple - simple Complex - complejo
Single - soltero Married - casado
Straight - derecho Crooked - torcido
Strong - fuerte Weak - débil
Tall - alto Short - bajo
Thick - grueso Thin - delgado
True - verdadero False - falso
Useful - útil Useless - inútil
Warm - cálido Cool - fresco
Wet - mojado Dry - seco
Wide - ancho Narrow - angosto, estrecho
Young - joven Old - viejo
Conjunciones
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
abide - (abáid) abode - (abóud) abode - (abóud) soportar
arise - (aráis) arose - (aróus) arisen - (arísen) sublevarse- subir
awake - (auéik) awoke - (auóuk) awoke - (auóuk) despertarse
be - am/are/is was/were - (uós/uér) been - (bíin) ser o estar
beat - (bit) beat - (bit) beaten - (bíten) golpear
become - (bicám) became - (bikéim) become - (bicám) convertise en
begin - (biguín) began - (bigán) begun - (bigón) comenzar
bend - (bend) bent - (bent) bent - (bent) doblar
bet - (bet) bet - (bet) bet - (bet) apostar
bind - (báind) bound - (báund) bound - (báund) atar
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) (2) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
bite - (báit) bit - (bit) bitten - (bíten) morder
bleed - (blíid) bled - (bled) bled - (bled) sangrar
blow - (blóu) blew - (blu) blown - (blóun) soplar
break - (bréik) broke - (bróuk) broken - (bróuken) romper
breed - (bríid) bred - (bred) bred - (bred) criar
bring - (bring) brought - (brot) brought - (brot) traer
build - (bild) built - (bilt) built - (bilt) construir
buy - (bái) bought - (bot) bought - (bot) comprar
catch - (cátch) caught - (cot) caught - (cot) agarrar - coger
choose - (chúus) chose - (chóus) chosen - (chóusen) elegir
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) (3) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
come - (cam) came - (kéim) come - (cam) venir
creep - (críip) crept - (crépt) crept - (crépt) arrastrarse
deal - (díil) dealt - (delt) dealt - (delt) tratar
dig - (dig) dug - (daag) dug - (daag) cavar
do - (du) did - (did) done - (doon) hacer
draw - (dro) drew - (dru) drawn - (droon) dibujar - atraer
drink - (drink) drank - (drank) drunk - (draank) beber
drive - (dráiv) drove - (dróuv) driven - (dríven) conducir
eat - (íit) ate - (éit) eaten - (íten) comer
fall - (fol) fell - (fel) fallen - (fólen) caer
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (4) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
feed - (fíid) fed - (fed) fed - (fed) dar de comer
feel - (fíil) felt - (felt) felt - (felt) sentir
fight - (fáit) fought - (fot) fought - (fot) pelear
find - (fáind) found - (fáund) found - (fáund) encontrar -hallar
flee - (flíi) fled - (fled) fled - (fled) huir de
fling - (fling) flung - (flaang) flung - (flaang) arrojar
fly - (flái) flew - (flu) flown - (flóun) volar
forget - (forguét) forgot - (forgót) forgotten - (forgóten) olvidar
freeze - (fríis) froze - (fróus) frozen - (fróusen) congelar
get - (guét) got - (got) got(ten) - (góten) conseguir
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) (5) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
give - (guív) gave - (guéiv) given - (guíven) dar
go - (góu) went - (uént) gone - (gón) ir
grind - (gráind) ground - (gráund) ground - (gráund) moler
grow - (gróu) grew - (gru) grown - (gróun) crecer
hang - (jang) hung - (jaang) hung - (jaang) colgar
have - (jav) had - (jad) had - (jad) tener
hide - (jáid) hid - (jid) hidden - (jíden) esconder
hit - (jit) hit - (jit) hit - (jit) golpear
hold - (jóuld) held - (jeld) held - (jeld) sostener - asir
keep - (kíip) kept - (kept) kept - (kept) guardar - mantener
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) (6) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
kneel - (níil) knelt - (nelt) knelt - (nelt) arrodillarse
know - (nóu) knew - (niú) known - (nóun) saber - conocer
lead - (líid) led - (led) led - (led) guiar
leave - (líiv) left - (left) left - (left) dejar - irse
lend - (lend) lent - (lent) lent - (lent) prestar
lose - (lúus) lost - (lost) lost - (lost) perder
make - (méik) made - (méid) made - (méid) hacer
mean - (míin) meant - (ment) meant - (ment) significar
meet - (míit) met - (met) met - (met) encontrarse con
pay - (péi) paid - (péid) paid - (péid) pagar
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) (7) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
put - (put) put - (put) put - (put) poner
read - (ríid) read - (red) read - (red) leer
ride - (ráid) rode - (róud) ridden - (ríden) montar - andar en
ring - (ring) rang - (rang) rung - (raang) sonar
run - (raan) ran - (ran) run - (raan) correr
say - (séi) said - (sed) said - (sed) decir
see - (síi) saw - (so) seen - (síin) ver
seek - (síik) sought - (sot) sought - (sot) buscar
sell - (sel) sold - (sóuld) sold - (sóuld) vender
shake - (shéik) shook - (shuk) shaken - (shéiken) sacudir
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) (8) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
shine - (sháin) shone - (shóun) shone - (shóun) brillar
shoot - (shút) shot - (shót) shot - (shot) disparar
show - (shóu) showed - (shóud) shown - (shóun) mostrar
shrink - (shrink) shrank - (shrank) shrunk - (shraank) encogerse
sing - (sing) sang - (sang) sung - (saang) cantar
sink - (sink) sank - (sank) sunk - (saank) hundir
sit - (sit) sat - (sat) sat - (sat) sentarse
slay - (sléi) slew - (slu) slain - (sléin) matar
sleep - (slíip) slept - (slept) slept - (slept) dormir
slide - (sláid) slid - (slid) slid - (slid) deslizarse
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) (9) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
sling - (sling) slung - (slaang) slung - (slaang) tirar - arrojar
speak - (spíik) spoke - (spóuk) spoken - (spóuken) hablar
spend - (spend) spent - (spent) spent - (spent) gastar
spin - (spin) spun - (spaan) spun - (spaan) hilar -dar vueltas
stand - (stand) stood - (stúd) stood - (stúd) ponerse (estar) de pie
steal - (stíil) stole - (stóul) stolen - (stóulen) robar
stick - (stik) stuck - (staak) stuck - (staak) pegar (con cola), meter
sting - (sting) stung - (staang) stung - (staang) picar - pinchar
strike - (stráik) struck - (straak) struck - (straak) golpear - pegar
strive - (stráiv) strove - (stróuv) striven - (stríven) esforzarse
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) (10) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
swear - (suér) swore - (suór) sworn - (suórn) jurar
sweep - (suíip) swept - (suépt) swept - (suépt) barrer
swell - (suél) swelled - (suéld) swollen - (suólen) hinchar
swim - (suím) swam - (suám) swum - (suáam) nadar
take - (téik) took - (túk) taken - (téiken) llevar - tomar
teach - (tíich) taught - (tot) taught - (tot) enseñar
tear - (ter) tore - (tor) torn - (torn) desgarrar
tell - (tel) told - (tóuld) told - (tóuld) decir
think - (zink) thought - (zot) thought - (zot) pensar
thrive - (zráiv) throve - (zróuv) thriven - (zríven) prosperar
Verbos Irregulares
Grupos Ordenados Alfabeticamente Ver --> Agrupados por Similitud Fonética
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) (11)
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
throw - (zróu) threw - (zru) thrown - (zróun) arrojar
tread - (tred) trod - (trod) trodden - (tróden) pisar
understand -(-stánd) understood - (-stúd) understood - (-stúd) entender
wear - (wer) wore - (wor) worn - (worn) usar (ropa)
weave - (wív) wove - (wov) woven - (wóven) tejer
weep - (wíip) wept - (wépt) wept - (wépt) llorar
win - (win) won - (won) won - (won) ganar
wind - (wáind) wound - (wáund) wound - (wáund) enrollar
wring - (ring) wrung - (raang) wrung - (raang) estrujar
write - (ráit) wrote - (róut) written - (ríten) escribir
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
p.ej. I can: (puedo/sé)
Affirmative: can Negative: can't / cannot Interrogative Can ...?
I can drive I cannot read Can you speak Spanish?
Puedo/sé conducir No puedo/sé leer ¿Podés/sabés hablar español?
You can play chess You can't say that Can you play chess?
Tú puedes/sabes jugar al ajedrez No puedes decir eso ¿Podés/Sabés jugar al ajedrez?
He can go if he wants He can't finish this now Can we tell you something?
Él puede ir si quiere Él no puede terminar esto ahora ¿Podemos decirte algo?
That can be very difficult She can't read without glasses Can she go out tonight?
Eso puede ser muy difícil Ella no puede leer sin anteojos ¿Puede ella salir esta noche?
It can be raining It cannot be so easy Can it fly?
Puede estar lloviendo (algo) No puede ser tan fácil (algo)¿Puede volar?
We can do that very easily We can't understand this Can we start tomorrow?
Podemos hacer eso muy facilmente No podemos entender esto ¿Podemos empezar mañana?
Anybody can have bad luck You can't be so crazy Can I be with you?
Cualquiera puede tener mala suerte No puedes estar tan loco ¿Puedo estar contigo?
The film can be very boring They cannot live here Can they stay with us?
El film puede ser muy aburrido Ellos no pueden vivir aquí ¿Pueden ellos quedrse con nosotros?
Affirmative
I
You go
He come
She work
It can live
We speak
You ...
They
Negative
I cannot go
You come
He work
She can't live
It speak
We
You ...
They
Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
Can it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
p.ej. I could : (pude/podría) Depende del contexto
Affirmative: could Neg: couldn't /could not Interrogative: Could ...?
I could finish tomorrow I couldn't finish tomorrow Could I finish tomorrow?
Podría terminar mañana No podría terminar mañana ¿Podría terminar mañana?
You could work here That couldn't be possible Could you come here, please?
Tú podrías trabajar aquí Eso no podría ser posible ¿Podrías venir aquí por favor?
He could win, if he tried He couldn't get there on time Could he lend me his car?
Él podría ganar si tratara Él no podría llegar allá a tiempo ¿Podría él prestarme su auto?
She could know that She couldn't dance last night Could she dance last night?
Ella podría saber eso Ella no pudo bailar anoche ¿Pudo bailar ella anoche?
It could be very raining It coudn't fly Could we get a discount?
Podría estar lloviendo (algo) No pudo/podría volar ¿Podríamos obtener un descuento?
That could be a good business They couldn't run so fast Could we start tomorrow?
Ese podría ser un buen negocio Ellos no podrían correr tan rápido ¿Podríamos empezar mañana?
This could be a good idea You couldn't call me Could you call me?
Esta podría ser una gran idea Uds. no pudieron/podrían llamarme ¿Podrían/pudieron llamarme?
They could live here They could be kidding Could they live here?
Ellos pudieron/podrían vivir aquí Ellos podrían estar bromeando ¿Podrían ellos vivir aquí?
Affirmative
I
You go
He come
She work
It could live
We speak
You ...
They
Negative
I
You go
He could not come
She work
It live
We couldn't speak
You ...
They
Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
Could it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
May: (puede que, podría, quizá). Se usa para expresar Possibility/Permission
Affirmative: may Negative: may not Interrogative: May ...?
I may finish tomorrow I may not work tomorrow May I use your telephone?
Puede que termine mañana (quizá) Puede que no trabaje mañana ¿Podría usar su teléfono?
You may be wrong He may not be right May you tell me something?
Tú podrías estar equivocado Quizá él no tenga razón ¿Podría Ud. decirme algo?
He may go to Paris tomorow They may not know that May I ask you a question?
Él puede que vaya a París mañana Ellos quizá no sepan eso ¿Podría hacerle un pregunta?
That may be a mistake It may not be so easy May I interrupt you?
Eso podría ser un error Puede no ser tan fácil ¿Puedo interrumpirlo?
It may be very raining It may not be a good idea May we suggest something?
Podría estar lloviendo Podría no ser una buena idea ¿Podríamos sugerir algo?
That may be a good sign It may not be permitted May they come to my house?
Esa podría ser una buena señal Quizá no esté permitido ¿Podríamos ellos venir a mi casa?
She may give us a surprise He may not play in the street May you call me later?
Esta podría darnos una sorpresa Él no puede jugar en la calle ¿Podría Ud. llamarme más tarde?
Affirmative
I
You go
He come
She work
It may live
We speak
You ...
They
Negative
I
You go
He come
She work
It may not live
We speak
You ...
They
Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
May it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
Might : (podría, quizá). Se usa para expresar Remote Possibility (casi igual que el may)
Affirmative: might Negative: might not Interrogative: Might...?
I might finish tomorrow I might be resting tomorrow Might I use your telephone?
Podría terminar mañana (quizá) Podría estar descansando mañana ¿Podría usar su teléfono?
You might be wrong He might not be right Might you tell me something?
Tú podrías estar equivocado Quizá él no tenga razón ¿Podría Ud. decirme algo?
He might go to Paris tomorow They might not know that Might I ask you a question?
Él podría ir a París mañana Ellos podrían no saber eso ¿Podría hacerle un pregunta?
That might be a mistake It might not be so easy Might I interrupt you?
Eso podría ser un error Podría no ser tan fácil ¿Puedo interrumpirlo?
It might be very raining It might not be a good idea Might we suggest something?
Podría estar lloviendo Podría no ser una buena idea ¿Podríamos sugerir algo?
That might be a good sign It might not be permitted Might they come to my house?
Esa podría ser una buena señal Quizá no esté permitido ¿Podríamos ellos venir a mi casa?
She might give us a surprise He might not want that Might you call me later?
Esta podría darnos una sorpresa Él podría no querer eso ¿Podría Ud. llamarme más tarde?
Affirmative
I
You go
He come
She work
It might live
We speak
You ...
They
Negative
I might not go
You come
He work
She live
It speak
We ...
You
They
Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
Might it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
Will Modifica al verbo que sigue: p.ej. I will go = Iré , She will work = Ella trabajará
Affirmative: will Negative: will not/ won't Interrogative Will ...?
I will speak English I will not say that Will you come to the party?
Hablaré inglés No diré eso ¿Vendrás a la fiesta?
You will understand soon You won't be here tomorrow Will you play chess with me?
Tú entenderás pronto No estarás aquí mañana ¿Jugarás al ajedrez conmigo?
He will go to Paris He won't go to Madrid Will he visit the Eiffel Tower?
Él irá a París Él no irá a Madrid ¿Visitará él la torre Eiffel?
That will be very exciting It won't be boring Will she go out tonight?
Eso será muy emocionante No será aburrido ¿Saldrá ella esta noche?
It will be raining in a minute We will not stay inside Will it fly?
Estará lloviendo en un minuto No nos quedaremos adentro ¿Volará?
We will do that very easily They won't understand this Will they start tomorrow?
Haremos eso muy facilmente Ellos no entenderán esto ¿Empezarán ellos mañana?
Everybody will see this She won't call anybody Will I be with you?
Todo el mundo verá esto Ella no llamará a nadie ¿Estaré contigo?
We will be very tired They will not live here Will they stay with us?
Estaremos muy cansados Ellos no vivirán aquí ¿Se quedarán con nosotros?
Affirmative
I will go
You come
He
She work
It live
We speak
You ...
They
Negative
I
You go
He will not come
She work
It live
We won't speak
You ...
They
Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
Will it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
Would Modifica al verbo que le sigue . p.ej. I would go = Iría, She would work = Ella trabajaría
Affirmative: would Neg: would not/ wouldn't Interrogative Would ...?
I would speak English I wouldn't say that Would you come to the party?
Hablaría inglés No diría eso ¿Vendrías a la fiesta?
You would understand soon You won't be here tomorrow Would you play chess with me?
Tú entenderías pronto No estarías aquí mañana ¿Jugarías al ajedrez conmigo?
He would go to Paris He wouldn't go to Madrid Would he study French?
Él iría a París Él no iría a Madrid ¿Estudiaría francés él?
That would be very exciting It wouldn't be boring Would she go out tonight?
Eso sería muy emocionante No sería aburrido ¿Saldría ella esta noche?
It would be expensive We wouldn't stay inside Would it fly?
Sería muy caro No nos quedaríamos adentro ¿Volaría?
We would do that very easily They wouldn't see me Would they start tomorrow?
Haríamos eso muy facilmente Ellos no me verían ¿Empezarían ellos mañana?
Everybody would see this She wouldn't call anybody Would I be with you?
Todo el mundo vería esto Ella no llamaría a nadie ¿Estaría yo contigo?
We would be very tired They wouldn't live here Would they stay with us?
Estaríamos muy cansados Ellos no vivirían aquí ¿Se quedarían con nosotros?
Affirmative
I
You go
He come
She work
It would live
We speak
You ...
They
Negative
I
You go
He would not come
She work
It live
We wouldn't speak
You ...
They
Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
Wouldn't it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
Shall Este auxiliar es igual que will - pero se está perdiendo en el inglés moderno-
Affirmative: shall Negative: shall not Interrogative Shall ...?
I shall speak English I shall not say that Shall I drive you home?
Hablaré Inglés No diré eso ¿Te llevo a tu casa?
We shall go to the movies We shall not be here tomorrow Shall we eat now?
Iremos al cine No estaremos aquí mañana ¿Comemos ahora?
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
Should (debería). Se usa para expresar una obligación menor
Affirmative: should Neg: should not/ shouldn't Interrogative Should ...?
I should study more I shouldn't waste my time Should you go there now?
Debería estudiar más No debería desperdiciar mi tiempo ¿Deberías ir ahí ahora?
You should drive carefully You shouldn't drink so much Should I help them?
Tú deberías conducir con cuidado No deberías tomar tanto ¿Debería ayudarlos?
He should eat less She shouldn't go alone Should he study this?
Él debería comer menos Él no debería ir sola ¿Debería él estudiar esto?
That should be prohibited It shouldn't be permitted Should she stay in bed?
Eso debería estar prohibido No debería estar permitido ¿Debería ella quedarse en cama?
It should be closed We shouldn't stay outside Should it fly?
Debería estar cerrado No deberíamos quedarnos afuera ¿Debería volar?
We should hurry They shouldn't know this Should they start tomorrow?
Deberíamos apurarnos Ellos no deberían saber esto ¿Deberían ellos empezar mañana?
Everybody should see this She shouldn't say that Should I be with you?
Todo el mundo debería ver esto Ella no debería decir eso ¿Debería yo estar contigo?
They should be working They shoudn't live here Should they stay here?
Ellos deberían estar trabajando Ellos no deberían vivir aquí ¿Deberían ellos quedarse aquí?
Affirmative
I should go
You come
He work
She live
It speak
We
You ...
They
Negative
I
You go
He should not come
She work
It live
We shouldn't speak
You ...
They
Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
Should it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
Must (deber). p.ej. I must = (debo). p/ Obligation/Assumption (obligación más fuerte que should)
Affirmative: must Neg: must not/ mustn't Interrogative Must...?
A student must study I must not waste my time Must you go there now?
Un estudiante debe estudiar No debo desperdiciar mi tiempo ¿Debes ir ahí ahora?
An athlete must train hard You mustn't drink and drive Must I call them?
Un atleta debe entrenar duro No debes beber y conducir ¿Debo llamarlos?
He must follow a diet She mustn't see this Must he study this?
Él debe seguir una dieta Ella no debe ver esto ¿Debe él estudiar esto?
That must be near You must not tell lies Must she stay in bed?
Eso debe de estar cerca (supongo) No debes decir mentiras ¿Debe ella quedarse en cama?
It must be closed We must not steal Must it be sent today?
Debe de estar cerrado (supongo) No debemos robar ¿Debe ser enviado hoy?
We must hurry They mustn't speak that way Must they start tomorrow?
Debemos apurarnos Ellos no deben hablar de esa forma ¿Deben ellos empezar mañana?
Everybody must pay taxes She mustn't arrive late Must I be with you?
Todos deben pagar impuestos Ella no deber llegar tarde ¿Debo estar contigo?
They must get up early The kids must not play here Must they stay here?
Ellos deben levantarse temprano Los niños no deben jugar aquí ¿Deben ellos quedarse aquí?
Affirmative
I
You go
He come
She work
It must live
We speak
You ...
They
Negative
I
You go
He must not come
She work
It live
We mustn't speak
You ...
They
Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
Must it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they
Verbos Modales
Can May Will Shall Must
Could Might Would Should Ought to
Ought to (debería). Se usa de forma similar al should
Affirmative: ought to Negative: ought not to Inte: Ought + S + to ...?
I ought to study more He ought not to drink Ought I to be here early?
Debería estudiar más Él no debería beber ¿Debería estar aquí temprano?
We ought to finish this now They oughtn't to play at work Ought we to leave now?
Deberíamos termionar esto ahora Ellos no deberían jugar en el trabajo ¿Deberíamos irnos ahora?
Affirmative
I
You go
He come
She work
It ought to live
We speak
You ...
They
Negative
I
You go
He ought not to come
She work
It live
We oughtn't to speak
You ...
They
Interrogative
Ought I to go ?
you to come ?
he to work ?
she to live ?
it to speak ?
we ...
you
they
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) BACK DOWN - echarse atrás 7) BREAK DOWN - averiarse, descomponerse
2) BACK OUT - romper una promesa 8) BREAK IN(TO) - entrar por la fuerza
3) BACK UP - apoyar 9) BREAK OUT - comenzar (una calamidad)
4) BACK UP - retroceder 10) BREAK UP - romper relaciones
5) BLOW UP - estallar 11) BRING UP - educar, criar
6) BLOW UP - llenar de aire, inflar 12) BRING UP - proponer, traer a colación
Ejemplos
1) Susan threatened to leave, but later she backed down and stayed.
2) Bill's father promised to buy him a bycicle, but he finally backed out of his promise.
3) " If you decide to present that proposal, I'll back you up ".
4) " Can you back your car up a little ?. It's blocking my driveway !".
5) The soldiers blew the bridge up . Nobody can cross now.
6) " Will you help me blow these balloons up for the party ? ".
7) Jack had a terrible day yesterday. His car broke down on his way to work.
8) Burglars broke into Jack's apartment while he was on vacation.
9) The nation was happy until a terrible war broke out.
10) Tom got very angry and broke up with Susan.
11) His parents died, so he was brought up by his grandfather.
12) A posible solution was brought up in the last meeting.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) CALL OFF - cancelar, suspender 11) COME ACROSS - encontrar, toparse con
2) CALL ON - visitar, acudir a 12) COME ALONG - acompañar
3) CALL UP - llamar por teléfono 13) COME AWAY / OFF - desprenderse, soltarse
4) CARE FOR - gustar (se usa negando) 14) COME DOWN WITH - enfermarse de
5) CARRY ON - continuar , seguir 15) COME LOOSE - aflojarse
6) CARRY OUT - llevar a cabo, realizar 16) COME OVER - venir a la casa de uno
7) CATCH UP (WITH) - alcanzar 17) COME ROUND / TO - recobrar la conciencia
8) CHECK IN - registrarse ( en hotel , etc) 18) COUNT ON - contar con , confiar en
9) CHECK OUT - investigar 19) CUT BACK ON - reducir en consumo de
10) CHECK OUT OF - irse ( de un hotel, etc) 20) CUT UP - cortar en pedacitos
Ejemplos
1) The football match was called off due to the heavy rain.
2) "If you have problems with your homework, you can call on me."
3) " Please, call me up when you finish that report."
4) I really like Brazil, but I don't care much for its food.
5) Although we are very tired, we must carry on with this work.
6) The work on the building was carried out in only two months.
7) Sally is so intelligent and so fast. It's really hard to catch up with her.
8) He arrived at the hotel and checked in.
9) "I think this information is wrong. Could you check it out ?"
10) He checked out of the hotel because he didn't like the service.
11) I came across an old friend yesterday.
12) " If you want, you can come along with us."
13) I caught the rope strongly with my hands, but it came off.
14) Bob didn't come to work today. He came down with the flu.
15) The rope came loose, so the boat started to drift away.
16) "We are going to have a party at home tonight. Will you come over?."
17) She fainted, but fortunately she came round very quickly.
18) "You can count on Jack. He is very honest. "
19) " You are a little overweight. You should cut back on the amount of fat in your meals."
20) In order to make this stew, cut up the meat first.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) DO AWAY WITH - abolir, eliminar 6) DRAW NEAR - acercarse
2) DO UP - abrochar, atar 7) DRAW UP - redactar
3) HAVE TO DO WITH - tener que ver con 8) DRAW UP - detenerse, pararse
4) DO WITHOUT - arreglárselas sin 9) DROP IN (ON) - dar un visita
5) DRAG ON - ser interminable 10) DROP OUT (OF) - abandonar, dejar de ir a
Ejemplos
1) The police are trying to do away with crime in this city.
2) Bill's mother taught him how to do up his shoelaces.
3) That story has nothing to do with the real facts.
4) The refrigerator was empty, so I had to do without breakfast that day.
5) Time drags on when you are waiting for something
6) As summer draws near, people think about going to the beach.
7) After they had agreed on the terms, they drew up a contract.
8) Bill drew his car up when he saw children crossing the street.
9) " Next week I will have a lot of free time. Please, drop in anytime you want "
10) Many young people are dropping out of school nowadays.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) FACE UP TO - hacer frente a 6) FEEL UP TO - sentirse capaz de
2) FALL BEHIND - quedarse atrás 7) FIGURE OUT - comprender, entender
3) FALL FOR - enamorarse de 8) FILL IN / UP - rellenar (formularios)
4) FALL THROUGH - fracasar (un plan) 9) FILL IN FOR - reemplazar, substituir
5) FEEL LIKE - tener ganas de 10) FIND OUT - averiguar, descubrir
Ejemplos
1) He had to face up to many problems during his childhood.
2) John was supposed to finish this work today, but he fell behind.
3) Jack finds Mary to be very attractive. I think he fell for her.
4) I wanted to go fishing on Sunday, but my plans fell through due to the bad weather.
5) I don't feel like working today.
6) " This is a very difficult task. Do you feel up to doing it ?."
7) Jane is still trying to figure out how to solve the math problem.
8) " Your address is missing in the form. Can you fill it in, please ?."
9) The Professor Brown is not coming . Mrs Smith will fill in for him today.
10) The firemen are trying to find out the cause of the fire.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) GET ALONG (WITH) - llevarse bien (con) 7) GIVE AWAY - regalar
2) GET BY - sobrevivir (financieramente) 8) GIVE IN - ceder, entregarse
3) GET OVER - recuperarse (de algo malo) 9) GIVE UP - rendirse, darse por vencido
4) GET THROUGH (WITH)- terminar, finalizar 10) GIVE UP - dejar de
5) GET TOGETHER - reunirse, juntarse 11) GO ALONG WITH - estar de acuerdo con
6) GET RID OF - deshacerse de, librarse de 12) GO ON (WITH) - continuar
Ejemplos
1) Dogs don't usually get along with cats.
2) The whole family had to get by on the mother's salary.
3) John got over his illness very quickly.
4) Alice won't be able to get through with her project until next year..
5) The family got together to celebrate Christmas.
6) " Why don't you get rid of these old magazines ?."
7) " You don't wear those shoes anymore. Why don't you give them away ? "
8) The boxer cannot continue fighting. He will give in at any moment.
9) " You are about to finish the race. Don't give up now !"
10) Mary is pregnant. She should give up smoking.
11) That manager never goes along with the workers' ideas.
12) We have to go on with this work.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) HAND IN - entregar 4) HANG UP - colgar (el teléfono)
2) HAND OUT - distribuir 5) HOLD ON TO - agarrarse a, mantener
3) HANG ON - esperar 6) HOLD UP - asaltar
Ejemplos
1) I have to hand this report in tomorrow morning.
2) The uncle is handing gifts out to his nephews.
3) " Hang on , please !. I'll be with you in a minute. "
4) " I have to hang up now ! . My mother needs to make a call ."
5) Although Mary lives in Japan now, she still holds on to European customs.
6) The convenience store was held up last night.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) KEEP ON - seguir, continuar 3) KNOCK OUT - dejar sin sentido
2) KEEP UP WITH - mantenerse al nivel de 4) KNOCK OVER - tirar, volcar, atropellar
Ejemplos
1) John will keep on working in that firm for two more years.
2) Laura is so smart and fast. It's really difficult to keep up with her !
3) The old lady knocked the thief out with her umbrella.
4) The car knocked the boy over. Now, he is at the hospital.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) LAY OFF- despedir 10) LOOK BACK ON - recordar, mirar hacia atrás
2) LEAVE OUT - omitir, olvidar 11) LOOK DOWN ON - despreciar, menospreciar
3) LET DOWN - decepcionar , defraudar 12) LOOK FOR - buscar
4) LET IN - dejar entrar 13) LOOK FORWARD TO - esperar con ilusión
5) LET OUT - dejar salir 14) LOOK INTO - investigar
6) LET OFF - dejar ir (sin castigo) 15) LOOK OUT (FOR) - tener ciudado (de)
7) LET UP - amainar, disminuir 16) LOOK UP - buscar (una palabra, dirección etc)
8) LIVE UP TO - cumplir con, actuar de acuerdo a 17) LOOK UP - visitar
9) LOOK AFTER - cuidar 18) LOOK UP TO - respetar, admirar
Ejemplos
1) The company has laid off ten workers this year.
2) Jack left out his address in the form.
3) " I trusted you, but you let me down !"
4) " Sally is knocking at the door. Let her in !"
5) " Sally wants to leave. Let her out !"
6) The judge felt sorry for the thief and let him off.
7) The rain started to let up.
8) Everybody thinks Robert is a good person. He tries to live up to that reputation.
9) The nanny is looking after the children.
10) Grandparents always look back on their young days.
11) Jim is so arrogant. He looks down on everybody less intelligent than he.
12) Tom is looking for a new job.
13) Billy is looking forward to going on vacation to Europe.
14) " I think this report is wrong. Can you look into it ? "
15) " Be careful !. Look out for snakes in this area !"
16) Edward is looking up a word in the dictionary.
17) " If you come to my city, don't forget to look me up !"
18) He is the smartest in the class. Everybody looks up to him.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) MAKE FOR - dirigirse a 5) MAKE UP - maquillarse
2) MAKE OFF WITH - robar, marcharse con 6) MAKE UP (WITH) - reconciliarse (con)
3) MAKE OUT - distinguir, descifrar, entender 7) MAKE UP FOR - compensar
4) MAKE UP - inventar, hacer 8) MIX UP - confundir, mezclar
Ejemplos
1) The plane was making for the airport.
2) The maid made off with some of the china from the dinning room.
3) The ship was so far from the coast that nobody could make out its nationality.
4) That writer makes up fantastic stories about life in the future.
5) Becky uses red lipstick and pink powder to make up her face.
6) Laura and his boyfriend had an argument last night, but they made up today.
7) Bill couldn't visit Mary yesterday. So, he brought her a gift to make up for it.
8) The teacher mixed me up with so much information.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) PART WITH - deshacerse de, regalar 10) PULL DOWN - derribar, demoler
2) PASS AWAY - morir 11) PULL OVER - detenerse a un lado de la calle
3) PASS OUT - distribuir, repartir 12) PULL THROUGH - salir adelante, recobrarse
4) PASS OUT - desmayarse 13) PUT AWAY - guardar, poner en su lugar
5) PICK ON - molestar - fastidiar 14) PUT BACK - poner donde estaba
6) PICK OUT - escoger 15) PUT OFF - posponer
7) PICK UP- recoger 16) PUT ON - ponerse (ropa, joyas etc)
8) PICK UP - pasar a buscar 17) PUT OUT - apagar (fuego, luces etc)
9) POINT OUT - indicar 18) PUT UP WITH - tolerar, aguantar
Ejemplos
1) " These books are occupying too much space. I'll have to part with them ."
2) My grandfather passed away five years ago
3) James was passing out new books to everyone in class.
4) Nancy passed out when she heard the bad news.
5) Everyone in class picked on the new student.
6) Helen likes to pick out the best apples at the supermarket.
7) I found a strange coin at the beach and I picked it up.
8) Jane is going to the movies. Brian will pick her up at 7:30 p.m.
9) The president pointed out the achievements of his goverment.
10) The construction workers will pull down the old building.
11) The policeman ordered the speeding driver to pull over.
12) She was in a hard situation, but somehow she pulled through.
13) The little boy's room is a mess. His mother wants him to put his toys away.
14) I took a book from the bookcase, but I put it back at once.
15) We'll have to put off our meeting for the next week.
16) I put on a warm coat because it was cold outside.
17) The firemen put out the fire in less than an hour.
18) " That noise is bothering me. I cannot put up with it any longer "
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) RIP OFF - estafar, cobrar demasiado 4) RUN INTO - encontrarse con
2) RUN ACROSS - encontrarse con 5) RUN OUT OF - quedarse sin
3) RUN AWAY - escapar 6) RUN OVER - atropellar con el auto
Ejemplos
1) " Don't buy anything in that store. They'll rip you off "
2) Jane ran across her old friend from school at the supermarket.
3) The thief tried to run away, but the police caught him.
4) Laura ran into Mary when she was at the supermarket.
5) They wanted to go to Europe, but they had run out of money.
6) The car ran over the dog that crossed the street.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) SEE ABOUT - atender a, encargarse de 10) SHOW OFF - fanfarronear, presumir
2) SEND FOR - mandar a buscar 11) SHOW UP - aparecer
3) SET BACK - retrasar, demorar 12) SHUT UP - callar, silenciar
4) SET IN - comenzar 13) SLIP AWAY - escabullirse
5) SET OFF - partir 14) STAND FOR - significar, representar
6) SET OUT - partir 15) STAND OUT - sobresalir, destacarse
7) SET UP - establecer 16) STAND UP - dejar ( a alguien ) plantado
8) SETTLE DOWN - establecerce, adaptarse 17) STAND UP FOR - defender (verbalmente) a
9) SETTLE UP - pagar lo que se debe 18) STAND UP TO - hacer frente a
Ejemplos
1) " Let's organize a party !. You can see about getting the groceries. "
2) Billy was feeling sick, so his mother sent for the doctor.
3) The workers' strike set back the completion of the new building.
4) People start to wear warm clothes when the winter sets in.
5) The boat will set off early in the morning.
6) All the sailors will set out in that boat tomorrow.
7) That athlete set up a new world record.
8) Brian likes this city. He is trying to settle down .
9) He won the lottery and was able to settle up all his debts.
10) He always tries to impress people by showing off.
11) We waited for her, but she didn't show up.
12) " Be quiet !... Shut up ! "
13) When nobody was watching, he slipped away.
14) The letters U. N. stand for United Nations.
15) That boy is so smart. He always stands out in class.
16) John waited for Jane, but she didn't come. She stood him up.
17) Everyone criticized her. Nobody stood up for her.
18) You have to be brave. You have to stand up to that problem.
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) TAKE AFTER - parecerse a 11) TRY OUT - probar, poner a prueba
2) TAKE APART- desmontar, desarmar 12) TRY OUT FOR - tratar de ingresar a
3) TAKE CARE OF -cuidar 13) TURN DOWN - rechazar
4) TAKE OFF - despegar (un avión) 14) TURN IN - irse a la cama
5) TAKE OFF - quitarse (ropa) 15) TURN INTO - convertir en
6) TAKE UP - ocupar 16) TURN ON - prender, encender
7) TALK OVER - discutir 17) TURN OFF - apagar
8) THROW AWAY - tirar a la basura 18) TURN OUT TO BE - resultar ser
9) THROW UP - vomitar 19) TURN DOWN - bajar el volumen
10) TRY ON - probarse (ropa) 20) TURN UP - subir el volumen
Ejemplos
1) Mike takes after his father.
2) I have to repair this TV. I have to take it apart first.
3) The nanny is taking care of the children.
4) The plane is taking off at this moment.
5) His T-shirt was so dirty. He had to take it off.
6) The old piano takes up too much space. They will move it somewhere else.
7) This subject is important. We must talk it over.
8) He threw away all the things that he didn't use.
9) He had drunk so much that he had to throw up.
10) " I like this T-shirt. Can I try it on ? "
11) The technicians are trying out the new car.
12) Tim would like to try out for the baseball team.
13) Mike asked Jane out, but she turned him down.
14) I am tired and it is too late. I think I'll turn in.
15) This sofa turns into a bed.
16) I was bored, so I turned the TV on.
17) I got tired of watching TV, so I turned it off.
18) The film seemed good at first, but it turned out to be very boring.
19) " The music is too loud. Please, turn it down "
20) " Could you turn the TV up. I can't hear it "
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) WAIT ON - atender, servir 6) WIPE OUT - destruir completamente
2) WALK OUT ON - abandonar (novio/a) 7) WORK OUT - hacer ejercicio (en un gym)
3) WARM UP - entrar en calor 8) WORK OUT - resolver, elaborar
4) WATCH OUT (FOR) - tener ciudado (de) 9) WRITE DOWN - anotar, tomar apuntes
5) WEAR OUT - desgastar completamente 10) WRITE UP - redactar
Ejemplos
1) The salesgirl is waiting on the customer.
2) Sally is sad because her boyfriend walked out on her.
3) Runners warm up before starting a race.
4) "If you go into the jungle, watch out for tigers "
5) I have worn these shoes out. I have to buy another pair.
6) The small town was wiped out by the tornado.
7) Robert is in good shape because he works out at the gym everyday.
8) They have many problems in the company, but they will work them out.
9) The reporter wrote down everything the rock star had said.
10) They have reached an agreement and now they will write up the contract.