Pacey 2016 Geochemistry Propilitic Alteration Cu-Au

T HE C HARACTERISTICS , G EOCHEMISTRY AND
O RIGIN OF P ROPYLITIC A LTERATION IN THE

N ORTHPARKES P ORPHYRY C U -A U S YSTEM
A DAM P ACEY
Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London
A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
THE CHARACTERISTICS, GEOCHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF
PROPYLITIC ALTERATION IN THE NORTHPARKES
PORPHYRY CU-AU SYSTEM
Adam Pacey MSci (Hons)

A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
September 2016
Department of Earth Science and Engineering

Imperial College London, UK
In association with:
The Natural History Museum, London, UK
CODES, University of Tasmania, Australia
Supervised by Dr. Jamie J. Wilkinson

Research Leader, Department of Earth Sciences
Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road,
London, SW7 5BD, UK
Front cover – Sample NP13AP249, a quartz-epidote vein ~1 cm wide, estimated to have formed at 316 oC;
surrounded by a chlorite-pyrite-epidote alteration halo and cut by a late calcite-hematite veinlet in the centre.
DECLARATION
All work conducted for this project and presented therein is my own or, if otherwise, is appropriately
referenced throughout. No portion of this work has been previously submitted in support of an application
for a degree, or other qualification, at this or any other university or institute of learning.
The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and is made available under a Creative Commons
Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives licence. Researchers are free to copy, distribute or transmit the
thesis on the condition that they attribute it, that they do not use it for commercial purposes and that they
do not alter, transform or build upon it. For any reuse or redistribution, researchers must make clear to
others the licence terms of this work
Adam Pacey
September 2016
Northparkes Rill Towers
i
“Ores and structure have been dealt with in detail; but the important changes which adjacent rocks of
known composition have suffered are too often briefly dismissed, or even incorrectly indicated.”
W. Lindgren (1902)
ii
ABSTRACT
Propylitic alteration is typically the most extensive and peripheral alteration facies developed around
porphyry ore deposits. Consequently, with exploration increasingly focused on searching under cover, it
may be the only indicator of prospectivity. Understanding its relationship to mineralisation is therefore
crucial. However, the genesis of propylitic alteration is poorly understood: deposit models generally
assume isochemical processes driven by heated meteoric water. Here, the Northparkes porphyry deposits
(NSW), are used to test this paradigm and show how alteration mineral chemistry could assist exploration
targeting.
Alteration surrounding each Northparkes deposit is zoned from an inner potassic (K-feldspar-biotite)
assemblage, through a magnetite-biotite annulus, out into widespread and coeval propylitic (epidote-
chlorite) alteration. The quantified net geochemical effects of alteration demonstrate that propylitisation
is not isochemical, rather elements are mobilised and dispersed across various facies. Elements lost during
potassic alteration are gained in the propylitic zone (e.g. Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Co, As) while others either decrease
in abundance outwards (e.g. Cu, Au, S, K, Al, Si) or display a halo of elevated values (e.g. Zn, Mn, Pb, C).
Investigation of epidote and chlorite chemistry reveals these minerals may host ore-related elements (e.g.
Bi, As, Zn, Mn), the concentration of which, along with others (e.g. Ti, Al), is found to vary systematically
around mineralised centres. Such trends indicate hypogene dispersion, controlled primarily by
temperature and S2; they have the potential to transform exploration in the propylitic domain.
Oxygen isotope geothermometry suggests potassic alteration occurred between ~600-700oC in magmatic
centres, persisting to ~450 oC upon transition into propylitic alteration. Across the propylitic facies
temperature progressively decreases outwards to <250oC. The oxygen, hydrogen and strontium isotopic
composition of alteration minerals support the involvement of magmatic fluids in all alteration zones.
Collectively, the results provide robust evidence that propylitic alteration is a distal equivalent of potassic
alteration, driven by spent magmatic-derived ore fluids as they migrate away from thermal centres, cooling
and equilibrating with country rocks.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This thesis is dedicated to my parents, David and Joan, and grandparents Walter and Olive, their
unwavering support and advice to always “just do your best” is what has got me here so far. Initial thanks
must go to Jamie Wilkinson and David Cooke for the inception of this research project and provision of
primary funds. Jamie Wilkinson also provided thorough reviews of the subsequent chapters and helped
shape the progression of scientific ideas.
The project has been a huge undertaking with innumerable ups and downs. Over 100 people and 26
organisations have been involved to some extent; it has required personal travel in excess of 90,000 miles,
three months of fieldwork at Northparkes Mines and processing of over 400 hundred samples. In total, 143
(long!) days of analytical laboratory work were personally conducted, in addition to countless months of
sample preparation. Perhaps the most memorable preparation work (for the wrong reasons!) was hand
picking, by my reckoning, ~50,000 <0.5 mm long grains of epidote, chlorite and quartz for isotopic analysis.
Funding for the project was largely provided through an industrial consortium of 21 mining corporations,
represented by the Australian Minerals Industry Research Association (AMIRA) Project 1060. Rio Tinto,
previous owner of the Northparkes Mines, kindly covered the cost of whole rock analyses and many
logistical expenses. All isotope work was independently funded through a Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC) grant, IP-1541-0515. Extra financial support was also gratefully received from the Society of
Economic Geologists (SEG) Graduate Student Fellowship Program.
At Northparkes, this work would not have been possible without the cooperation of Rio Tinto and China
Molybdenum Ltd, represented on a personal level by the help and assistance of the geological and core
shed staff. Most notably I’d like to thank, in no particular order: Darren Priest, Richard Lesh, Jeneta Owens,
Adam Schwarz, Malcolm Drummond, Danny O'Leary, Samantha Barfield, Pamela Naidoo-Ameglio, Brian
Kay, Jonathon Hoye, Eric Ronald, Katrina Thiel, Kate Umbers, Dave Richards and Jacques Batumike. Richard
Lesh deserves special recognition for going above and beyond - providing geological inspiration and
enthusiasm. The advice, assistance and encouragement of Paul Agnew and Debora Araujo of Rio Tinto,
Melbourne is also gratefully acknowledged. Remaining in Australia, the kindness and hospitality of Dave
Cooke, Bruce Gemmell and Noel White made trips to the University of Tasmania particularly enjoyable.
Closer to home, the significant analytical component of this project was achieved only with the help and
guidance of many individuals at the Natural History Museum (NHM), London, especially: Anton Kearsley,
Teresa Jeffries, Tony Wighton, Enrica Bonato, Clara Wilkinson, Jens Najorka, John Spratt and Stanislav
Strekopytov. The majority of LA-ICP-MS analytical work was only made possible by the kindness of the late
Teresa Jeffries, who will forever be remembered. The wonderful support, encouragement and knowledge
of Adrian Boyce, Allison McDonald, Terry Donnelly and Ian Millar, combined with the outstanding
hospitality of Margaret Donnelly, led to the isotope component of this project being the most rewarding.
Last, but certainly not least, fellow ore deposit researchers and friends here at the NHM provided further
invaluable support and encouragement, helping to keep each other sane! Many thanks to you all: Robin
Armstrong, William Brownscombe, Eloise Harman, Lisa Hart, Richard Herrington, Simon Kocher, Matthew
Loader, Jacob Longridge, Chris Mavris, Rachel Norman, Carmen Pinto-Ward, Mike Rumsey, Reimar
Seltmann, Robert Sievwright, Edward Spencer and Helena Toman. By sharing my passion for minerals,
Simon, Mike and Chris always provided fun and inspirational conversations.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration ..................................................................................................................................................................................... i
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Table of contents .......................................................................................................................................................................... v
List of figures ................................................................................................................................................................................. xi
List of tables ................................................................................................................................................................................. xv
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................................. xvi
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Research motivation - why? ......................................................................................................... 1

1.2 An overview of porphyry ore deposits ....................................................................................... 2
1.3 Propylitic alteration ..................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 Aims ............................................................................................................................................... 9
1.5 Objectives ................................................................................................................................... 10
2. GEOLOGY AND ALTERATION OF THE NORTHPARKES PORPHYRY CU-AU ORE DEPOSITS ........................... 11
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 11

2.2 Regional geology........................................................................................................................ 13
2.2.1 The Nelungaloo Volcanics and Yarrimbah Formation ........................................................................... 13
2.2.2 The Goonumbla Volcanics – Billabong Creek Limestone and Gunningbland Formation.............. 15
2.2.3 The Wombin Volcanics ................................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.4 Structural geology and regional metamorphism .................................................................................... 16
2.3 The Northparkes deposits ......................................................................................................... 16

2.3.1 General features ............................................................................................................................................... 18
2.3.2 Structural features ........................................................................................................................................... 21
2.4 Principal lithologies ................................................................................................................... 22

2.4.1 Country rock volcanics ................................................................................................................................... 22
Trachyandesites ................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Peperites and hyaloclastites .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Volcanic conglomerates .................................................................................................................................................. 24
Volcanic sandstones, siltstones and mudstones..................................................................................................... 24
Trachytes .............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Trachytic volcanic breccia (ignimbrite) ...................................................................................................................... 24
2.4.2 Northparkes magmatic rocks ....................................................................................................................... 25

Monzodiorite....................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Biotite quartz monzonite (BQM) ................................................................................................................................... 25
Alkali feldspar granite (AFG) .......................................................................................................................................... 25
Quartz monzonite (QMZ) ................................................................................................................................................ 26
Quartz monzonite porphyries (QMP) .......................................................................................................................... 27
v
Monzonite porphyries...................................................................................................................................................... 28
Basaltic dykes ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28
2.4.3 Breccias and magmatic-hydrothermal features ...................................................................................... 30

Porphyry-hydrothermal phenomena ......................................................................................................................... 30
Intrusive breccias ............................................................................................................................................................... 30
Pebble dykes ....................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Pegmatites ........................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Bornite clots......................................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.5 Lithogeochemistry ..................................................................................................................... 33

2.5.1 Country rock volcanics ................................................................................................................................... 34
2.5.2 Northparkes magmatic rocks ....................................................................................................................... 36
2.6 Alteration and veining ............................................................................................................... 39

2.6.1 Hematite reddening ........................................................................................................................................ 42
2.6.2 K-feldspar alteration and associated veins................................................................................................ 43
K1: Biotite veinlets ............................................................................................................................................................. 43
K2: K-feldspar-sulphide veinlets ................................................................................................................................... 43
K3: Quartz-sulphide veins ............................................................................................................................................... 43
2.6.3 Magnetite ± biotite alteration and associated veins............................................................................... 44

M1: Magnetite veinlets .................................................................................................................................................... 44
M2: Magnetite veins ......................................................................................................................................................... 44
2.6.4 Propylitic alteration and associated veins ................................................................................................. 46

P1: Chlorite-quartz-epidote-albite veins.................................................................................................................... 47
P2: Epidote-chlorite-albite veins .................................................................................................................................. 47
P3: Epidote veinlets........................................................................................................................................................... 47
Vein relationships and timing ....................................................................................................................................... 49
Regional metamorphism vs. propylitic mineral assemblages ............................................................................ 50
2.6.5 Sericitic alteration ............................................................................................................................................ 50

2.6.6 Veins that transect alteration zones ............................................................................................................ 50
Barren quartz veins ........................................................................................................................................................... 50
Sericitic veins....................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Base metal veins................................................................................................................................................................. 53
Anhydrite-quartz veins .................................................................................................................................................... 53
Gypsum-anhydrite veins ................................................................................................................................................. 53
Calcite veins ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
2.7 Geochronology ........................................................................................................................... 55

2.8 Geological evolution of the Northparkes system .................................................................... 56
Stage 1: Pre-mineralisation magmatism ............................................................................................................... 57
Stage 2: Principal magmatic-hydrothermal activity........................................................................................... 57
Stage 3: Late-stage magmatic-hydrothermal activity ....................................................................................... 59
Stage 4: Post-mineralisation magmatism............................................................................................................. 59
2.9 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 60
vi
3. ALTERATION LITHOGEOCHEMISTRY AND MASS BALANCE CONSTRAINTS ON ALTERATION ........................ 61
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 61

3.2 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 63
3.2.1 Sample dataset ................................................................................................................................................ 63
3.2.2 Selected sample sets........................................................................................................................................ 65
3.2.3 Quantification of element gain or loss ....................................................................................................... 67
3.3 Selection of immobile elements ................................................................................................ 69

3.4 Results of the mass transfer calculations.................................................................................. 73
3.4.1 Immobile elements .......................................................................................................................................... 73
3.4.2 Mobile elements ............................................................................................................................................... 79
3.5 Discussion: the net chemical effects of alteration ................................................................... 80

3.5.1 Potassic, K-feldspar alteration ...................................................................................................................... 80
3.5.2 Potassic, magnetite ± biotite alteration ..................................................................................................... 81
3.5.3 Propylitic alteration......................................................................................................................................... 82
Intense propylitic alteration ........................................................................................................................................... 83
Strong propylitic alteration ............................................................................................................................................ 84
Moderate propylitic alteration ...................................................................................................................................... 84
3.5.4 Sericitic alteration/veins................................................................................................................................. 85
3.6 Discussion: geochemical dispersion within porphyry systems .............................................. 87

3.6.1 Dispersion profiles ........................................................................................................................................... 87
3.6.2 Physicochemical considerations .................................................................................................................. 88
3.6.3 Fluid evolution .................................................................................................................................................. 89
Fluids within the sericitic veins ..................................................................................................................................... 92
3.7 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 92
4. SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN CHLORITE AND EPIDOTE MINERAL CHEMISTRY................................................. 95
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 95

4.2 Chlorite and epidote: structure and chemistry ........................................................................ 97
4.2.1 Chlorite ............................................................................................................................................................... 97
4.2.2 Epidote ............................................................................................................................................................... 98
4.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 100

4.3.1 Sample collection and preparation ...........................................................................................................100
4.3.2 Distinction of metamorphic samples ........................................................................................................100
4.3.3 Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) ....................................103
4.3.4 Laser ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) ................................104
vii
Data reduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 106
Data filtering and quality control .............................................................................................................................. 107
4.4 Chlorite results ......................................................................................................................... 108

4.4.1 Chlorite alteration textures..........................................................................................................................108
Massive chlorite aggregates ....................................................................................................................................... 108
Chlorite pseudomorphs after biotite ....................................................................................................................... 108
Singular grains ................................................................................................................................................................. 108
4.4.2 Chlorite mineral chemistry ..........................................................................................................................110

4.4.3 Lithological and textural controls on chlorite mineral chemistry ......................................................112
4.4.4 Spatial trends in chlorite mineral chemistry ............................................................................................114
Trends associated with the E48 deposit ................................................................................................................... 114
Trends associated with the E26 deposit ................................................................................................................. 118
Trends in drillhole E34D3 ............................................................................................................................................. 121
4.4.5 Chlorite results summary .............................................................................................................................122
4.5 Epidote results .......................................................................................................................... 123

4.5.1 Epidote alteration textures ..........................................................................................................................123
Clean, euhedral grains .................................................................................................................................................. 123
Broken and included grains ........................................................................................................................................ 123
Aggregated subhedral grains..................................................................................................................................... 123
4.5.2 Epidote mineral chemistry ...........................................................................................................................125

4.5.3 Lithological and textural controls over epidote mineral chemistry ...................................................127
4.5.4 Spatial trends in epidote mineral chemistry ............................................................................................129
Trends in drillhole E34D3 ............................................................................................................................................. 136
4.5.5 Epidote results summary..............................................................................................................................137
4.6 Discussion: controls on mineral chemistry in the propylitic zone ........................................ 138
4.6.1 Host lithology..................................................................................................................................................138
4.6.2 Fluid composition ..........................................................................................................................................139
4.6.3 Mineral assemblage ......................................................................................................................................139
4.6.4 Cation site occupancy...................................................................................................................................140
4.6.5 Temperature ...................................................................................................................................................141
4.6.6 Pressure ............................................................................................................................................................143
4.6.7 pH ......................................................................................................................................................................143
4.6.8 Oxygen and sulphur fugacity ......................................................................................................................145
4.7 Exploration applications .......................................................................................................... 146

4.8 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 149
viii
5. TRACING THE SOURCE OF PROPYLITIC ALTERATION FLUIDS: AN OXYGEN, HYDROGEN AND STRONTIUM
ISOTOPE STUDY .............................................................................................................................151
5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 151

5.2 Approach ................................................................................................................................... 153
5.3 Methodology and analytical procedures................................................................................ 155
5.3.1 Sample collection and preparation ...........................................................................................................155
5.3.2 Oxygen isotopes .............................................................................................................................................156
5.3.3 Hydrogen isotopes .........................................................................................................................................158
5.3.4 Strontium and rubidium isotopes ..............................................................................................................159
5.4 Isotope data .............................................................................................................................. 160

5.4.1 Oxygen isotope data .....................................................................................................................................160
Quartz ................................................................................................................................................................................. 160
Magnetite .......................................................................................................................................................................... 160
Epidote ............................................................................................................................................................................... 160
Chlorite............................................................................................................................................................................... 161
Whole rocks ...................................................................................................................................................................... 161
5.4.2 Hydrogen isotope data .................................................................................................................................164

Epidote ............................................................................................................................................................................... 164
Chlorite............................................................................................................................................................................... 164
Quartz ................................................................................................................................................................................. 165
Whole rocks ...................................................................................................................................................................... 165
5.4.3 Rubidium and strontium isotope data .....................................................................................................165
5.5 Determining the temperature gradient in porphyry systems .............................................. 167

5.5.1 Independent temperature constraints......................................................................................................167
Potassic alteration .......................................................................................................................................................... 167
Propylitic alteration........................................................................................................................................................ 167
5.5.2 Magnetite-quartz geothermometry ..........................................................................................................168

5.5.3 Chlorite-quartz geothermometry ..............................................................................................................169
5.5.4 Epidote-quartz geothermometry ...............................................................................................................171
5.5.5 Isotope geothermometry results ................................................................................................................172
5.5.6 Chlorite geothermometry ............................................................................................................................173
5.5.7 Ti in chlorite geothermometry ....................................................................................................................173
5.6 O-H isotope tracing .................................................................................................................. 174

5.6.1 Calculating alteration fluid δ18O ................................................................................................................174
5.6.2 Calculating alteration fluid δD ...................................................................................................................174
Epidote ............................................................................................................................................................................... 174
Chlorite............................................................................................................................................................................... 175
Quartz ................................................................................................................................................................................. 176
ix
5.6.3 Modelling potential fluid sources...............................................................................................................177
5.6.4 Results...............................................................................................................................................................180
5.7 Sr isotope tracing ..................................................................................................................... 182

5.8 Discussion: isotopic constraints on the origin of propylitic alteration ................................ 184
5.9 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 187
6. THE NATURE OF PROPYLITIC ALTERATION IN PORPHYRY ORE DEPOSITS ..............................................189
6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 189

6.2 Northparkes: a simplified genetic model ............................................................................... 190
6.2.1 Setting ..............................................................................................................................................................190
6.2.2 Potassic alteration and mineralisation ....................................................................................................190
6.2.3 Magnetite ± biotite alteration ....................................................................................................................191
6.2.4 Propylitic alteration.......................................................................................................................................191
6.2.5 Sericitic veins ...................................................................................................................................................194
6.3 A single magmatic fluid? .......................................................................................................... 195

6.4 Evidence from elsewhere ......................................................................................................... 197
6.5 Fluid flow in porphyry magmatic-hydrothermal systems ..................................................... 199
6.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 202
7. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................203
A PPENDICES:
APPENDIX A: Reference guide to Northparkes lithologies ................................................................................... 223

APPENDIX B: Drillhole logging sheets ....................................................................................................................... 225
APPENDIX C: Sample information .............................................................................................................................. 289
APPENDIX D: Whole rock sample descriptions and major element geochemistry dataset .......................... 309
APPENDIX E: Whole rock trace element geochemistry dataset .......................................................................... 343
APPENDIX F: Chlorite major element mineral chemistry dataset (SEM-EDS) ................................................... 375
APPENDIX G: Epidote major element mineral chemistry dataset (SEM-EDS)................................................... 451
APPENDIX H: Chlorite trace element mineral chemistry dataset (LA-ICP-MS) ................................................. 563
APPENDIX I: Epidote trace element mineral chemistry dataset (LA-ICP-MS) ................................................... 603
x
LIST OF FIGURES
C HAPTER 1
Fig. 1.1: Schematic relationships between porphyry Cu intrusions, an underlying composite pluton and
overlying comagmatic volcanics rocks....................................................................................................................................... 2
Fig. 1.2: Schematic anatomy of a porphyry system showing the spatial arrangement of alteration zones
in relation to porphyry intrusions and the ore shell ................................................................................................................ 4
C HAPTER 2
Fig. 2.1: Location map showing Northparkes and other porphyry-style deposits in relation to
Ordovician age volcanic belts which constitute the Macquarie Arc ................................................................................ 11
Fig. 2.2: Photograph of exposure in the E27 open pit showing a quartz monzonite porphyry emplaced
into trachyandesite volcanics...................................................................................................................................................... 12
Fig. 2.3: Geological map of the Northparkes region ........................................................................................................... 14
Fig. 2.4: Geological plan of the E26, E48 and GRP314 deposits, below the level of the Altona Fault..................... 17
Fig. 2.5: Plan and cross section through the E26 deposit ................................................................................................... 19
Fig. 2.6: Plan and cross section through the E48 deposit ................................................................................................... 20
Fig. 2.7: Semi-schematic scaled diagram illustrating the occurrence, form and relationships between
major lithologies at Northparkes ............................................................................................................................................... 22
Fig. 2.8: Photographic examples of typical volcanic and volcaniclastic lithologies .................................................. 23
Fig. 2.9: Photographic examples of the principal plutonic rocks ..................................................................................... 26
Fig. 2.10: Photographic examples of the various quartz monzonite porphyry and monzonite porphyry
intrusions........................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Fig. 2.11: Photographic examples of breccias and magmatic-hydrothermal features ............................................ 33
Fig. 2.12: Total alkali vs. silica classification and Harker variation plots for country rock volcanic
lithologies; using major, minor and selected trace element whole rock geochemistry data .................................... 35
Fig. 2.13: N-MORB normalised REE plots for country rock volcanic packages and trachyandesites .................... 36
Fig. 2.14: Total alkali vs. silica classification and Harker variation plots for Northparkes magmatic
rocks; using major, minor and selected trace element whole rock geochemistry data .............................................. 38
Fig. 2.15: N-MORB normalised REE plots for the Northparkes magmatic rocks .......................................................... 39
Fig. 2.16: Lithology and alteration logs for selected diamond drillholes around E26 ............................................... 40
Fig. 2.17: Lithology and alteration logs for selected diamond drillholes around E48, including E34 ................... 41
xi
Fig. 2.18: Schematic diagram illustrating the spatial distribution of vein types, as well as their
relationship to each other, major alteration facies and QMP intrusions at Northparkes ......................................... 42
Fig. 2.19: Photographic examples of potassium silicate alteration and principal associated vein types ............ 45
Fig. 2.20: Photographic examples of propylitic alteration and principal associated vein types ............................ 49
Fig. 2.21: Photographic examples of sericitic alteration and principal associated vein types ................................... 52
Fig. 2.22: Photographic examples of the base metal, anhydrite-quartz, gypsum-anhydrite and calcite
veins, along with anhydrite occurrences .................................................................................................................................. 54
Fig. 2.23: Summary of geochronological data from radiometric dating studies at Northparkes .......................... 55
Fig. 2.24: U-Pb concordia diagram for hydrothermal zircon grains identified in propylitic (P3) veins ................. 56
C HAPTER 3
Fig. 3.1: Plots to assess mobility of selected elements during alteration ....................................................................... 70
Fig. 3.2: Example isocon plots demonstrating the immobile behaviour of the REE during both potassic
and propylitic alteration ............................................................................................................................................................... 72
Fig. 3.3: Photomicrographs of propylitic alteration showing hydrothermal zircons, replacement of

magnetite by titanite, and chlorite pseudomorphs after biotite ....................................................................................... 73
Fig. 3.4: Plots showing gain or loss of elements in various lithologies during potassic and propylitic
alteration, as determined from mass balance calculations................................................................................................ 76
Fig. 3.5: Plots showing gain or loss of elements in various lithologies during propylitic alteration of
varying intensity, as determined from mass balance calculations ................................................................................... 77
Fig. 3.6: Plots showing gain or loss of elements in the alteration subzones that are developed as halos
around sericitic veins ..................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Fig. 3.7: Plots showing geochemical dispersion/changes in BQM associated with progression from
most intense to weakest propylitic alteration......................................................................................................................... 83
Fig. 3.8: Plots showing geochemical changes/dispersion profiles around sericitic veins based on
samples of BQM/AFG ..................................................................................................................................................................... 85
Fig. 3.9: Plots showing geochemical changes/dispersion profiles developed around the Northparkes
deposits, based on samples of BQM .......................................................................................................................................... 87
C HAPTER 4
Fig. 4.1: Idealised chlorite mineral structure ......................................................................................................................... 97
Fig. 4.2: Polyhedral structural model of epidote .................................................................................................................. 98
Fig. 4.3: Maps showing the distribution of epidote and chlorite mineral chemistry samples in relation
to known porphyry Cu-Au deposits and prospects............................................................................................................. 101
xii
Fig. 4.4: Cross sections for E48 and E26 showing the distribution of epidote and chlorite mineral
chemistry samples in key drillholes ......................................................................................................................................... 102
Fig. 4.5: SEM-BSE photomicrographs of chlorite alteration textures........................................................................... 109
Fig. 4.6: Plots showing the major element mineral chemistry of all chlorite samples ............................................ 111
Fig. 4.7: Box plots comparing the abundance of elements in chlorite as a function of host lithology,
chlorite texture and mode of occurrence .............................................................................................................................. 113
Fig. 4.8: Spatial trends in the composition of chlorite with reference to the centre of the E48 deposit,
based on SEM-EDS data ............................................................................................................................................................. 115
Fig. 4.9: Spatial trends in the trace element composition of chlorite with reference to the centre of the
E48 deposit, based on LA-ICP-MS data .................................................................................................................................. 117
Fig. 4.10: Spatial trends in the composition of chlorite for selected elements with reference to the centre
of the E26 deposit ......................................................................................................................................................................... 120
Fig. 4.11: Spatial trends in the composition of chlorite for selected elements along drillhole E34D3 ............... 121
Fig. 4.12: SEM-BSE photomicrographs of epidote alteration textures ........................................................................ 124
Fig. 4.13: Plots showing the major element mineral chemistry of all epidote samples ......................................... 126
Fig. 4.14: Box plots comparing the abundance of elements in epidote as a function of host lithology,
epidote texture and mode of occurrence .............................................................................................................................. 128
Fig. 4.15: Spatial trends in the composition of epidote with reference to the centre of the E48 deposit,
based on SEM-EDS data ............................................................................................................................................................. 130
Fig. 4.16: Spatial trends in the trace element composition of epidote with reference to the centre of the
E48 deposit, based on LA-ICP-MS data .................................................................................................................................. 131
Fig. 4.17: Spatial trends in the composition of epidote for selected elements with reference to the centre
of the E26 deposit ......................................................................................................................................................................... 135
Fig. 4.18: Spatial trends in the composition of epidote for selected elements along drillhole E34D3 ............... 136
Fig. 4.19: Plots comparing chlorite geothermometry temperature estimates with both chlorite Ti
content and distance to the centre of the E48 deposit ...................................................................................................... 142
Fig. 4.20: Buffer relations for S2 and O2 within the Fe-S-O and Cu-Fe-S-O systems at 500oC and 1 kbar
pressure........................................................................................................................................................................................... 145
Fig. 4.21: Whole rock geochemical trends to the E48 and E26 deposits ..................................................................... 147
C HAPTER 5
Fig. 5.1: Schematic cross section through a porphyry-style deposit, illustrating the paradigm in which
meteoric waters are the driver of propylitic and most sericitic alteration ................................................................... 151
Fig. 5.2: Map showing the distribution of isotope samples relative to known porphyry Cu-Au deposits ......... 155
xiii
Fig. 5.3: XRD patterns of selected chlorite and epidote mineral separates ................................................................ 157
Fig. 5.4: Plot of chlorite δD vs. Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio ............................................................................................................... 164
Fig. 5.5: Rb-Sr isochron plot based on all propylitic epidote samples ......................................................................... 165
Fig. 5.6: Summary plots showing various mineral-water isotope fractionation calibrations .............................. 170
Fig. 5.7: Plot showing the temperature gradient around Northparkes deposits during mineralisation-
alteration, based on oxygen isotope geothermometry..................................................................................................... 172
Fig. 5.8: Plots comparing oxygen isotope geothermometry temperatures with estimates from chlorite
geothermometers and the Ti concentration of chlorite .................................................................................................... 173
Fig. 5.9: Plots comparing calculated alteration fluid δ18O and δD values derived independently from
the same samples using epidote-water and chlorite-water fractionation calibrations .......................................... 174
Fig. 5.10: Plot of calculated alteration fluid δ18O and δD values. Shown relative to modelled O-H
equilibration paths of Northparkes meteoric and average magmatic waters during isotopic exchange
with country rock at fixed temperatures, toward progressively lower water:rock ratios ........................................ 179
Fig. 5.11: Plots of calculated alteration fluid δ18O and δD vs. estimated alteration temperature ...................... 180
Fig. 5.12: Plots of calculated alteration fluid δ18O and δD vs. the lateral distance of samples from
mineralised centres ..................................................................................................................................................................... 181
Fig. 5.13: Plots showing the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of propylitic epidote as a function of both host lithology
and distance to the centre of the E48 deposit ...................................................................................................................... 183
Fig. 5.14: Schematic cross section through a porphyry-style deposit, illustrating proposed model in
which magmatic water is the dominant driver of propylitic alteration during mineralisation ............................. 187
C HAPTER 6
Fig. 6.1: Proposed genetic model for propylitic alteration at Northparkes, summarising the key results
of Chapters 2-5 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 193
Fig. 6.2: Diagrammatic representation of the temperature and pH dependence of relevant mineral
assemblages developed in hydrothermal systems ............................................................................................................. 196
Fig. 6.3: Schematic diagrams showing the envisaged temporal evolution of fluid flow in and around a
hypothetical porphyry magmatic-hydrothermal system .............................................................................................. 201
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
C HAPTER 3
Table 3.1: List of elements determined during whole rock analyses; table also provides LOD values and
associated errors calculated as a result of both lithological variability and analytical uncertainty ....................... 64
Table 3.2: Details of sample groups selected to calculate element transfer for each principal alteration
facies................................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Table 3.3: Results of mass balance calculations, as detailed in Table 3.2, showing / values and
calculated gain or loss of each element ................................................................................................................................... 74
C HAPTER 4
Table 4.1: Representative LOD values and calculated analytical precision for elements determined by
SEM-EDS; table also compares the mean composition obtained for the Kakanui augite standard with
preferred reference values to assess analytical accuracy ................................................................................................. 103
Table 4.2: List of elements analysed during LA-ICP-MS of chlorite and epidote giving: average LOD
values, analytical precision and ICP-MS dwell times used; table also compares the mean composition
obtained for the GSD-1G standard with preferred reference values to assess analytical accuracy ..................... 105
Table 4.3: Mean chlorite crystallisation temperatures based on SEM-EDS analyses and calculated using
several various geothermometry equations ........................................................................................................................ 141
C HAPTER 5
Table 5.1: List of epidote and chlorite samples; table shows which isotopes were analysed in each
sample and provides major element compositional data for these minerals ............................................................ 154
Table 5.2: Results of oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses ....................................................................................... 162
Table 5.3: Results of strontium and rubidium isotope analyses, including the calculated initial 87Sr/86Sr
ratio ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 166
Table 5.4: Results of oxygen isotope geothermometry using selected mineral pairs; table also compares
these results with temperature estimates from several chlorite geothermometers .................................................. 172
Table 5.5: Estimates of alteration temperatures for each sample and the δ18O and δD composition
of an alteration fluid in equilibrium with the sample at these temperatures ...................................................... 176
xv
ABBREVIATIONS
U NITS AND MEASUREMENT : L ITHOLOGIES :

μm / mm / Micrometre/millimetre/centimetre/ AFG Alkali feldspar granite
NNE,
cm / mNE, SE, SW
/ km etc.
metre/kilometre AND Trachyandesite
g / mg Gram/milligram BQM Biotite quartz monzonite
NSW = New South Wales
t / Mt Ton (metric)/million tons CON Conglomerate
Mineral
Ma abbreviations
Mega-annum/millions of years
Fault breccia/gouge
FLT
ppm / ppb Parts per million/billion
IBX Intrusive, igneous cemented breccia
wt. % Weight percent
MON Monzonite
‰ Per mille/parts per thousand
MZO The ‘Mafic Zero’ porphyry phase
apfu Atoms per formula unit
QMP Quartz monzonite porphyry
mGal Milligal
QMZ Quartz monzonite
M / μM Moles/micromoles
SST Sandstone
o
C Degrees centigrade
TR Trachyte
mA Milliamps
TVB Trachytic volcanic breccia/ignimbrite
kV Kilovolts
ZRO The ‘Zero’ porphyry phase
O2/ S2 Fugacity of O2/S2
σ 1 standard deviation/error
MINERALS : Kfs K-feldspar
O- and H- isotope standard: Vienna
VSMOW Ab Albite Mag Magnetite
Standard Mean Ocean Water
Anh Anhydrite Mol Molybdenite
Bt Biotite Py Pyrite
Bn Bornite Qtz Quartz
Cal Calcite Rt Rutile
A NALYTICAL :
Ccp Chalcopyrite Ser Sericite
AES Atomic emission spectroscopy Chl Chlorite Sp Sphalerite
BSE Backscattered electrons Epi Epidote Ttn Titanite/Sphene
CL Cathodoluminescence Hem Hematite Zrn Zircon
EDS Energy dispersive spectroscopy

Inductively coupled plasma mass G ENERAL:
ICP-MS
spectrometry
E Prospect/deposit number, Endeavour
IRMS Isotope ratio mass spectrometer Diamond drillhole number typically
E D
Laser ablation relating to deposit E
LA
Goonumbla rock chip project drillhole
LOD Limit of detection GRP
number
National Institute of Standards and GRP314 Deposit named after discovery drillhole
NIST
Technology
GD Goonumbla diamond drillhole no.
SEM Scanning electron microscope HSFE High field strength element
Sensitive high resolution ion MORB Mid ocean ridge basalt
SHRIMP
microprobe REE Rare earth element(s)
Th Temperature of homogenisation UST Unidirectional solidification texture
XRD X-Ray diffraction α Isotope fractionation factor
xvi
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 R ESEARCH MOTIVATION - WHY?

Porphyry ore deposits, effectively fossilised magmatic-hydrothermal systems, are critical to the modern
world and its technology-based economy. They supply some 60-75% and 20% of global demand for Cu
and Au respectively, as well as being the almost exclusive source for Mo and Re (Richards, 2003; Sillitoe,
2010; Johnson et al., 2014). In addition, they may contain economically significant quantities of several
other metals (notably: Ag, Pd, Te, Se, Bi, Zn, Pb) and are genetically associated with many skarn and high-
to intermediate-sulphidation epithermal deposits (Sillitoe, 2010).
In 2013, globally identified porphyry Cu resources stood at 1,800 Mt, with an estimated 3,100 Mt still to be
discovered (Johnson et al., 2014). However, actual discovery of new porphyry resources is clearly becoming
much more difficult: in the last decade, the annual quantity of newly discovered, porphyry-hosted Cu has
declined, despite an unprecedented increase in exploration expenditure (Schodde, 2012). This is simply
because the majority of exposed deposits are either already exhausted or currently in production, driving
exploration under thicker cover (Schodde, 2014).
Use of a thorough, scientifically-underpinned model of porphyry deposits, capable of explaining empirical

observations, is therefore crucial in order to tip the odds in favour of the explorationist. Although many
advances have been made in this regard over the last 50 years, and porphyry deposits are relatively well
understood, there remains a fundamental lack of knowledge on the propylitic zone - a distal hydrothermal
alteration facies characterised by the development of chlorite, epidote, albite and calcite. This appears to
be because, naturally, the majority of mining operations and thereby geological studies have focused on
the mineralisation/ore itself and its immediately encompassing alteration domains. In contrast, the
propylitic domain is often regarded as the weakest alteration facies; it is developed most distal to the
orebody and is frequently considered as difficult to distinguish from greenschist facies metamorphic
assemblages. However, it is these latter points which highlight the significance of this alteration zone, and
the need to provide a more detailed understanding of its characteristics and genesis. Such knowledge may
provide us with the ability to detect potentially fertile deposits in what are currently classed as barren
metamorphic terrains, and vector towards orebodies from greater distance and/or when deposits are blind
to the surface. It is also an essential step in finalising an overall genetic model for the porphyry deposit clan.
Consequently, this thesis is devoted to thoroughly understanding the mineralogy, textures, field
relationships and geochemistry of propylitic alteration, along with investigating the source of the
alteration fluid itself. Although based on detailed study of the Northparkes porphyry Cu-Au field site, it is
hoped this work will provide a foundation for the future utility, interpretation and research of the propylitic
domain.
1
1.2 A N OVERVIEW OF PORPHYRY ORE DEPOSITS
Porphyry-style orebodies are low-grade, high-tonnage, bulk-minable deposits; hypogene ore sulphides are
present both within quartz stockwork veins and as disseminations in strongly altered rock around these
veins (e.g. John, 2010; Cooke et al., 2014b). The deposits form within large magmatic-hydrothermal systems
that are genetically related to upper-crustal porphyritic intrusive centres (mostly 1-6 km depth; Seedorff et
al., 2005; Berger et al., 2008). Such porphyry intrusions are often complex and multi-phase, taking the form
of sub-vertical stocks, pipes and sheeted dykes, with the majority rooted into larger, compositionally-
zoned and deeper-seated plutonic bodies (Fig. 1.1; mostly >6 km depth; Seedorff et al., 2005; Berger et al.,
2008; Sillitoe, 2010). These igneous suites are of calc-alkaline to alkaline affinity and are predominantly
intermediate to felsic in composition, with hornblende and/or biotite as the dominant hydrous phase (e.g.
Sillitoe, 1972; Cooke et al., 1998; Sillitoe, 1998; Richards, 2003; Cooke et al., 2005; Sillitoe and Perelló, 2005;
Sinclair, 2007; Sillitoe, 2010). Generally, the high-K calc-alkaline and alkalic suites are associated with more
Au-rich deposits (Cooke et al., 2005).
Fig. 1.1 – Schematic relationships between porphyry Cu intrusions, an underlying composite pluton and overlying
comagmatic volcanic rocks. The typical extent of both Cu orebodies and the lithocap are indicated; note the latter is a zone
of stratabound residual silica and advanced argillic alteration, often with many internal sub-divisions (Fig. 1.2). Dotted
lines in the parental pluton indicate progressive stages of inward crystallisation from which the early- to late-
mineralisation porphyry intrusions and associated mineralising fluids are extracted. As often observed, the coeval volcanic
sequence (if it exists) has been partly eroded prior to ore formation. Modified from Sillitoe (2010).
Although rare, porphyry deposits are consistently developed in both oceanic and continental magmatic
arcs constructed above convergent plate margins (e.g. Sillitoe, 1972; Richards, 2003; Seedorff et al., 2005;
Sinclair, 2007; Sillitoe, 2010), and may be favoured by compressional tectonic stress regimes that typically
correspond to periods of cessation in arc volcanism. This is thought to prevent excessive volatile loss from
the intrusive system, retaining water, metals and sulphur for later ore deposition (e.g. Cooke et al., 2005).
However, the plutonic complex is often linked to pre‐mineralisation, and occasionally post‐mineralisation,
2
extrusive volcanic activity (Fig. 1.1; e.g. Sillitoe, 1972, 2010). It has been suggested by several authors that
injection of a mafic melt into a cooling, deep magma reservoir is also critical to ore formation, with the
potential for this to provide a rich source of volatiles, metals and sulphur (e.g. Carten et al., 1993; Dietrich
et al., 2000; Maughan et al., 2001; Glazner et al., 2004). This process may further rejuvenate convection in
an otherwise stagnant crystallising system, and could trigger volcanic eruptions in vented systems (e.g.
Sparks et al., 1977; Sparks and Marshall, 1986).
Although recent work by Loucks (2014) suggested fertile and barren magmatic provinces can be
discriminated from one another based on the Sr/Y and V/Sc content of igneous rocks, there are no other
strikingly obvious major or trace element signatures associated with porphyry fertility (Ayuso and John,
2010). Indeed, in most respects, the magmas parental to porphyry systems appear to be fairly typical, albeit
notably hydrous, products of arc magmatism (e.g. Cline and Bodnar, 1991; Sillitoe, 1998; Cooke et al., 2005;
Lee et al., 2012).
Porphyry deposits and their associated hydrothermal alteration zones (Fig. 1.2) encompass 10’s‐100’s km3
of rock, attesting to significant quantities of circulating, metal‐rich, aqueous solutions. Diagnostic of this
deposit style is a distinct concentric zonation in alteration mineral assemblages (e.g. Lowell and Guilbert,
1970; Gustafson and Hunt, 1975; Beane and Titley, 1981; Seedorff et al., 2005; Sillitoe, 2010; Cooke et al.,
2014b). The alteration system is developed around and within the apices of porphyritic intrusions (Fig. 1.2).
These intrusions typically host mineralisation and comprise a zone of intense potassic alteration, marked
by crystallisation of potassium feldspar, biotite and magnetite. This extends outwards, beyond the ore
zone, where there is a gradual transition to propylitic alteration, characterised by formation of chlorite,
epidote, albite and calcite.
Numerous, field-based, mineralogical, fluid inclusion and isotopic studies have demonstrated that potassic
and propylitic alteration form synchronously, and that ore formation and potassic alteration are driven by
a high-temperature (400 to >700oC) magmatic fluid (e.g. Sheppard et al., 1971; Sheppard and Gustafson,
1976; Ulrich et al., 2002; Ulrich and Heinrich, 2002; Lickfold et al., 2003; Bodnar et al., 2014; Spencer et al.,
2015). However, given the typically small volume of magma represented by the porphyry stocks, pipes and
dykes, compared to the size of surrounding alteration systems, it is now clear that these intrusions are
unlikely to be the sole source of the magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids. Rather, porphyries are best interpreted
as the escape structures through which magmatic aqueous fluids are released, subsequent to their
exsolution during crystallisation/evolution of underlying plutonic bodies. Some estimates suggest that
100’s‐1,000’s km3 of magma may be required to liberate enough fluid to form truly giant porphyry deposits
(Shinohara and Hedenquist, 1997; Cloos, 2001).
3
Fig. 1.2 – Schematic anatomy of a complete porphyry system showing the spatial arrangement of alteration zones (colour
coded, bold names) in relation to porphyry intrusions and the ore shell. This is a generalisation and real world relationships
may be much more complex and structurally controlled. Other deposit types that may occur in this environment are
indicated but again only very rarely might they all be observed together. Note the system shown is telescoped, i.e. advanced
argillic and other, originally shallow-level, relatively low temperature alteration facies, have migrated deeper through time
(during system cooling and paleosurface degradation), progressively overprinting original potassic alteration at the top of
the porphyry intrusions. Adapted from Sillitoe (2010).
4
The presence of unidirectional solidification textures (e.g. comb quartz layers) in the roof zones of porphyry
intrusions suggests that, at least in some deposits, magmatic fluid does not escape in a single large event
(e.g. Shannon et al., 1982; Lowenstern and Sinclair, 1996; Sinclair, 2007). Instead it may be released
periodically from local build‐ups at the top of the magmatic system, which are supplied by continuous
exsolution from depth (e.g. Shinohara et al., 1995). In most instances fluid escape will occur when fluid
pressure exceeds the lithostatic confining pressure, or tensile strength of the host rock, generating
hydrofracturing/ stockwork veins; eventually these will reseal and the process may take place many times
during the life cycle of a single ore forming event (e.g. Shannon et al., 1982; Kirkham and Sinclair, 1988;
Sinclair, 2007).
There is still uncertainty surrounding the behaviour and residence of copper and sulphur during magmatic
evolution, and how it becomes highly concentrated in the exsolved aqueous phase. The review of
Wilkinson (2013) suggested that sulphide saturation occurs routinely during piecemeal growth of plutonic
bodies, producing zones of metal/sulphide enrichment. Subsequent mafic reinjection and released
volatiles are then postulated to cannibalise these pre-existing sulphides, remobilising metals and sulphur
into aqueous solution. In contrast, Sun et al. (2015) have reiterated the more traditional view, in which
fertile magmas must remain sufficiently oxidised (i.e. log O2 > FMQ + 2, where FMQ is the fayalite–
magnetite–quartz oxygen buffer) throughout evolution in order to prevent sulphide saturation. In such
sulphide-undersaturated conditions, sulphur is present as the much more soluble sulphate (SO42-) species.
Consequently, Cu, Au and Mo behave as incompatible elements throughout magmatic evolution until they
are efficiently scavenged by strong preferential partitioning into the exsolved aqueous phase (e.g. Candela
and Holland, 1986). Nevertheless, Matjuschkin et al. (2016) have shown that even those relatively oxidised
magmas should undergo sulphide saturation as a result of pressure conditions in the lower crust, again
questioning the historical view that magma oxidation state is paramount.
In most cases, the magmatic fluid is thought to be released as a single phase, although in the majority of
deposits there is abundant evidence that hypersaline (up to ~70% NaCl equivalent), metal-rich brines
coexist with low salinity, low density vapour in the centre of the magmatic-hydrothermal system (e.g.
Roedder, 1971 and compilations by Eastoe, 1978; Roedder, 1984 and Bodnar et al. 2014). These fluids are
thought to originate by unmixing of an initially homogenous, low‐moderate salinity magmatic fluid of
intermediate density which intersects its solvus upon cooling and sudden pressure release (Henley and
McNabb, 1978; Shinohara, 1994; Burnham, 1997; Redmond et al., 2004). However, under suitable pressure
and temperature conditions, it is also possible that both fluids are directly exsolved from the magma, or
that simply the brine is directly exsolved and subsequently releases a vapour component.
Although the hypersaline brine is traditionally proposed as the principal ore forming fluid, and is
responsible for the zone of potassic alteration, it has now become apparent that the vapour phase may
also play a significant role, and even preferentially transport some metals (e.g. Williams-Jones and Heinrich,
5
2005). Sulphides are precipitated either during phase separation and/or upon cooling of these magmatic
fluids and their interaction with the wall rock (e.g. Seward and Barnes, 1997; Redmond et al., 2004;
Landtwing et al., 2005; Rusk et al., 2008). The vapour is thought to rise through the overlying rock column,
to eventually cool and condense into near surface groundwater. This leads to the dissociation of contained
acidic species, principally H2SO4 and HCl, producing a highly acidic fluid which is thought responsible for
the intense leaching and advanced argillic (clay) alteration of many overlying host rocks (e.g. Meyer and
Hemley, 1967; Giggenbach, 1992; Rye, 1993; Hedenquist and Taran, 2013). The resulting zone of
stratabound residual silica and advanced argillic alteration constitutes what is termed the lithocap (Figs.
1.1, 1.2; Sillitoe, 1995; Holliday and Cooke, 2007). However, in the majority of deposits the lithocap is
removed by erosion and is therefore unobserved (Seedorff et al., 2005).
As the system cools and the remaining magma crystallises, the later magmatic fluid to reach the porphyry
environment may be of sufficiently low temperature that it does not intersect its solvus, yielding a
moderate salinity, moderate temperature (250‐350oC) solution. Many studies suggest this permeates
through pre‐existing structures to generate sericitic alteration (characterised by the development of white
mica and pyrite) which may also overprint the potassic zone (Fig. 1.2; e.g. Shinohara and Hedenquist, 1997;
Hedenquist et al., 1998; Harris and Golding, 2002; Skewes et al., 2003; Rusk et al., 2004; Reed et al., 2013). In
some instances, late sericitic alteration may also be partly driven by meteoric water on the periphery of
systems (e.g. Hedenquist et al., 1998; Harris et al., 2005).
Following the recommendation of Sillitoe (2010) the term ‘phyllic’ alteration, which may refer to the
development of any phyllosilicate minerals (e.g. sericite/mica, chlorite, clay) is not used in this study.
Rather, to avoid any confusion over alteration mineralogy, the principal alteration minerals are described
and used to characterise these alteration domains (e.g. chlorite-sericite or sericite-quartz-pyrite alteration).
Deep‐seated sodic‐calcic alteration (Fig. 1.2) is not particularly common in porphyry deposits, but where
documented it is characterised by minerals such as albite, actinolite, titanite and epidote, although garnet,
pyroxene and anorthite may be developed at temperatures exceeding ~450oC (e.g. Dilles, 2010; Sillitoe,
2010). One suggestion, based on data from the Yerington district of Nevada, is that it results from inflowing,
heated formation brines (Carten, 1986; Dilles and Einaudi, 1992; Dilles et al., 1992). However, it has been
proposed that in many cases it is produced by high temperature, hypersaline magmatic fluids (e.g. John,
1989; Lang et al., 1995; Pollard, 2001; Mark et al., 2004; Sillitoe, 2010). There are even examples where calcic
alteration directly accompanies potassic alteration, effectively defining a calc-potassic facies, pulses of
which may directly correspond to intrusive events (e.g. Sillitoe et al., 2013).
6
1.3 P ROPYLITIC ALTERATION
The term propylitic alteration has its origins in the word ‘propylite’. This name was applied in 1865 by
Ferdinand von Richthofen to those greenish porphyritic rocks with chlorite and epidote, rich in mineral
veins, that surround the Comstock Lode of Nevada. The name is taken from the Classical Greek ‘propylon’,
meaning ‘gateway’, as von Richthofen believed these rocks were at the stratigraphic base (i.e. gate) of the
Tertiary stratigraphy (Becker, 1882; Hamilton, 1965).
Becker (1882) subsequently realised that, rather than a distinct lithology, such ‘propylites’ were simply
hydrothermally altered andesites and diorites, directly associated with mineral veins and thereby ‘mineral
waters’. Consequently, the original noun was converted into the adjective ‘propylitic’, at that time referring
to the secondary development of chlorite, epidote and calcite. Although initially this was limited by some
workers to describing only altered andesitic rocks (e.g. Coats, 1940; Calkins, 1944) the term was soon
broadened to refer to a hydrothermal alteration assemblage of epidote, chlorite, albite and calcite, often
with pyrite, in any original lithology (e.g. Wilshire, 1957; Thompson and White, 1964; Meyer and Hemley,
1967).
In their classic review of hydrothermal alteration, Meyer and Hemley (1967) noted that usage at the time
of the term ‘propylitic’ could reflect anything from weak hydrogen metasomatism, through to intense
magnesium and alkali metasomatism. However, they recommended the term be restricted to describe only
those rocks subjected to weak metasomatism, with sub-types of chloritisation and albitisation proposed
for more intense examples. ‘Chloritisation’ was used to refer to dominant chlorite accompanied by quartz
and sericite with lesser epidote, albite and calcite; ‘albitisation’ to dominant albite with common epidote.
The term ‘epidotisation’ is also used by some for epidote-rich assemblages. However, there is frequently a
gradual transition between chloritisation/chlorite-sericite and propylitic alteration sensu Meyer and
Hemley (1967), recognised even in the early works of Lindgren (1902) and Spurr (1905). Further, although
zones dominated by albite-epidote may occur within the propylitic facies, an assemblage of just albite-
epidote may equally reflect what is now considered sodic-calcic alteration. In fact, these two facies may
sometimes only be distinguished by the reaction of K-feldspar: in the sodic-calcic domain it is albitised,
whereas in the propylitic domain it is retained or replaced by epidote (Seedorff et al., 2005). Thus, such
classifications must be given context and are naturally somewhat arbitrary and difficult to apply. Perhaps
as a result, any assemblage containing epidote, chlorite and albite continues to be simply referred to as
propylitic. Little attention is paid to the abundance of various constituents, the overall intensity of the
alteration, or the extent of metasomatism, the latter of which requires chemical analysis.
Propylitic alteration developed in porphyry deposits has also been generalised simply as the ‘Green Rock’
domain, and frequently a distinct zonation is recognised across the facies relative to deposit centres. The
innermost, deposit-proximal subzone often contains actinolite, pyrite and epidote; with progression
upwards and outwards first the abundance of actinolite, then of pyrite decreases, and they may disappear
7
from the assemblage. This leads to an intermediate-distance subzone containing much epidote and
chlorite. With yet further distance from deposit centres, the abundance of epidote also decreases,
eventually giving rise to an outermost and weakest chlorite-dominated subzone (Holliday and Cooke,
2007; Cooke et al., 2014a).
Despite such modern, broad usage of the term, subsequent reviews (e.g. Beane and Titley, 1981; Beane and
Bodnar, 1995; Seedorff et al., 2005; Dilles, 2010; Sillitoe, 2010) have stuck with the description of Meyer and
Hemley (1967), consistently describing propylitic alteration as a reflection of only weak metasomatism,
limited to addition of H+ and CO2. Literature definition of the term is therefore out-of-step with its real world
application. Consequently, the potential for alteration, described simply as propylitic, to reflect significant
metasomatism is mostly overlooked, even for intense examples. Yet, a blanket description of all propylitic
alteration as isochemical is clearly in direct contradiction to the long standing observations that the facies
routinely coincides with base metal anomalies, and may often contain trace sulphides including
chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena (e.g. Jerome, 1966; Cox et al., 1975; Jones, 1992; Ulrich and Heinrich,
2002; Sillitoe, 2010; Reed et al., 2013). It therefore seems necessary to re-define the term ‘propylitic
alteration’ to describe all alteration assemblages that include chlorite, epidote, albite and calcite, in which
chlorite, epidote and albite are variously dominant; frequently actinolite, hematite, pyrite and phengite are
also present, and may be accompanied by minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, K-feldspar, anhydrite,
titanite, rutile and apatite.
In porphyry systems, the majority of propylitic alteration is thought to be developed outboard from, but
broadly synchronously with, potassic alteration and mineralisation (Fig. 1.2). Such a close link with igneous
rocks and obvious spatial zonation relative to orebodies led early studies to assume that it was produced
by spent mineralising fluids (e.g. Becker, 1882; Gustafson and Hunt, 1975). This is in good agreement with
recent work which demonstrated that ore-related, ‘pathfinder’ elements (such as Mn, Zn, Pb, As, Sb) not
only reside within epidote and/or chlorite, but that their concentrations in these minerals also vary
systematically around deposits, defining hypogene dispersion patterns (Cooke et al., 2014a; Wilkinson et
al., 2015).
Fluid tracing studies within the propylitic domain are, however, few in number. They were also focused
almost exclusively on North American porphyry deposits, in particular Bingham and Southwest Tintic
(Utah), together with the Ann-Mason/Yerington district (Nevada). Furthermore, even the most thorough
investigations (e.g. Bowman et al., 1987; Norman et al., 1991; Dilles et al., 1992; Zaluski et al., 1994; Kendrick
et al., 2001) were based on a very limited number of samples, often did not directly study key propylitic
minerals and/or produced inconclusive results. Nevertheless, nearly all these studies proposed
convectively circulating meteoric waters as the principal driver of propylitic alteration, even when data
could also be explained by input from magmatic-derived ore fluids. This bias toward meteoric waters
appears to have been strongly influenced by early O- and H-isotope investigations of sericitic alteration
8
(e.g. Sheppard et al., 1971; Taylor, 1974; Sheppard and Gustafson, 1976) which suggested a dominance of
meteoric water in porphyry hydrothermal systems. With hindsight, it is now known these workers over
emphasised the significance of meteoric fluids (e.g. Hedenquist and Richards, 1998; Sillitoe, 2010), and later
works have subsequently demonstrated that sericitic alteration can also be, and is perhaps more often,
driven entirely by magmatic-hydrothermal fluids (e.g. Hedenquist et al., 1998; Watanabe and Hedenquist,
2001; Harris and Golding, 2002; Skewes et al., 2003; Rusk et al., 2004; Seedorff and Einaudi, 2004; Harris et
al., 2005; Reed et al., 2013).
Regardless, for propylitic alteration, its position on the periphery of porphyry deposits and the often
quoted isochemical nature of the facies, combined with a lack of study, means the belief it is driven by
meteoric fluids has never been challenged. Even though this inference was based on inconclusive results,
and evidence already existed to support involvement of magmatic waters, over time it appears to have
become ingrained as part of the ‘porphyry paradigm’.
1.4 A IMS
Propylitic alteration is rarely described in detail and is poorly studied. Consequently, our present
understanding of propylitic alteration is surprisingly poor. Continued global demand for Cu, Mo and Au
has forced exploration toward deeper, buried porphyry targets and thrown this lack of understanding into
sharp focus. As the most widespread alteration facies developed in porphyry systems, the propylitic facies
presents the largest footprint within which to explore and may be the only surface indication of a
concealed deposit. Furthermore, it may contain both whole rock and mineral chemistry trends that could
help vector toward deposits.
Overall, this thesis aims to address our present lack of understanding by providing a detailed investigation
of propylitic alteration based on study of the Northparkes porphyry Cu-Au deposits of New South Wales,
Australia. In many ways, the Northparkes deposits represent an ideal study site for porphyry-style ore
systems: their small scale, combined with a lack of significant overprinting alteration and extensive
diamond drill core database, allow a detailed analysis of the 3D geometry and relationships between
different lithologies, veins types and alteration facies. Additionally, the site is host to spectacular
lithological, ore and alteration textures which deserve adequate documentation.
9
1.5 OBJECTIVES
The principal objectives of this study are to:
1) Present a detailed description of the Northparkes porphyry deposits based on extensive fieldwork
and review of both new information and published literature. The objectives here are twofold –
first, to comprehensively characterise the system as a whole, e.g. regional setting, principal
lithologies, alteration facies, vein types etc.; and second, to thoroughly document the propylitic
facies in this context, particularly its spatial distribution, cross-cutting relationships, textures and
related veins.
2) Quantitatively evaluate the bulk geochemical changes which typify the principal alteration
domains at Northparkes. Specifically, this is to assess the extent and type of metasomatism
associated with propylitic alteration of various intensity, in several host lithologies, and how such
changes compare to those of the other alteration facies.
3) Exhaustively define the major and trace element mineral chemistry of both epidote and chlorite
from the propylitic facies at Northparkes. Then, in turn, demonstrate the spatial variations in
mineral chemistry which may potentially be used to indicate the fertility of hydrothermal systems
and/or distance to mineralised centres. Further, to compare the chemistry of epidote and chlorite
from propylitic samples with metamorphic samples collected from regional outcrops – can they be
chemically distinguished? These objectives also allow the distribution of elements throughout the
propylitic halo to be defined and interpreted in terms of physicochemical controls.
4) Design and execute a systematic O-, H- and Sr-isotope study to determine both the temperature
gradients around porphyry magmatic centres and trace the source(s) of the fluid(s) involved in
propylitic alteration.
These above points form the basis of the subsequent chapters. Other outcomes of this work such as
evaluation of chlorite geothermometry and radiogenic age dating of alteration, using zircon and epidote,
are included where relevant.
10
2. GEOLOGY AND ALTERATION OF THE NORTHPARKES PORPHYRY
CU-AU ORE DEPOSITS
2.1 I NTRODUCTION
The Northparkes Mines exploit a cluster of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian, silica-saturated, alkalic porphyry
Cu-Au ore deposits, located 27 km northwest of Parkes, a small town in central-west New South Wales,
Australia (Fig. 2.1). The region consists largely of flat agricultural land, with extensive cover of Mesozoic to
Quaternary sediments and deep weathering profiles. All the Northparkes orebodies are blind at the surface
and, consequently, the first discovery was not made until 1976, when exploratory drilling encountered
what is now the Endeavour (E) 22 deposit (Jones, 1985). Subsequent exploration defined the E27, E26, E48
and most recently GRP314 ore bodies, the latter named after the discovery drillhole.
Mineralisation is focused within and around a series of multiphase quartz monzonite porphyry intrusions
which terminate below the surface and show a remarkable pipe-like geometry, typically only ~50-100 m in
Fig. 2.3
Fig. 2.1 – Map showing the location of Northparkes and other porphyry deposits hosted within Ordovician age volcanic
belts, as labelled, which constitute the Macquarie Arc in New South Wales. Outcrop of volcanic belts partly interpreted from
aeromagnetic data; modified from Scheibner and Basden (1998) and Glen and Walshe (1999), after Lickfold (2002).
11
diameter but extending to depths of >1 km (Fig. 2.2). Cu
sulphides are disseminated throughout K-feldspar and quartz
vein stockworks in areas of potassic alteration which surround
the margins and apices of the mineralising porphyry bodies.
The resulting ore zones are vertically continuous, elliptical
prisms several hundreds of metres in diameter; these were
accessed historically by open pits at E22, E26 and E27, and
presently via block caving at E26 and E48. The total ore reserve
at Northparkes is currently 106 Mt at 0.61% Cu and 0.26 g/t Au,
with a total measured, indicated and inferred resource of 497
Mt at 0.56% Cu and 0.18 g/t Au.
Initial summaries of mineralisation in the Northparkes district

were provided by Jones (1985) and Heithersay et al. (1990),
with later contributions dedicated to descriptions of deposit-
specific geology at E26 (House, 1994; Heithersay and Walshe,
1995; Harris, 1997), E27 (Squires, 1992) and E48 (Wolfe, 1994;
Hooper et al., 1996). This culminated in the work of Lickfold et
Fig. 2.2 – Red quartz monzonite porphyry
al. (2002, 2003, 2007) who investigated the geochemistry and
emplaced into dark trachyandesite volcanics;
complex intrusive history of the Endeavour porphyries (E22, exposed in the E27 open pit.
E26, E27 and E48). Subsequently, the geology of GRP314 was outlined by Hendrawan (2011a) and Johnson
(2011); Hendrawan (2011b) also re-examined geology and alteration at the E48 deposit. Additional, more
targeted research, has focused on the origin of sericitic alteration at E26 and E48 (Wolfe, 1996; Harris and
Golding, 2002), base metal veins near the E28 prospect (Kolkert, 1998), copper isotope zonation around
E26 and E48 (Li et al., 2010), and the vein emplacement mechanisms at E26 (Harris and Holcombe, 2014).
Such studies have resulted in the definition of numerous intrusive phases, alteration facies and vein types in
the ore zones, whereas comparatively little attention has been paid to the more distal portions of the systems.
This is particularly true for the propylitic alteration footprint which has not previously been investigated in
detail yet is by far the most widespread, coving an area some 20x greater than the potassic alteration domain
and dominating in the mine lease. Further, in the decades following the majority of work on the Endeavour
deposits, several hundred kilometres of diamond drilling has been completed, both improving the 3D
understanding of the systems and resulting in the discovery of new intrusive phases and mineralised centres.
The aims of this chapter are to: (i) document and summarise the regional geology, principal lithologies,
vein types and alteration facies by synthesis of new information and existing studies in order to
characterise the Northparkes system as a whole; and (ii) present the results of detailed logging and
observations in the peripheral propylitic altered domains surrounding the E26 and E48 deposits in order
to provide a first detailed characterisation of this classic propylitic halo.
12
2.2 R EGIONAL GEOLOGY
The Northparkes deposits occur within the Junee-Narromine volcanic belt, one of four such belts within
the eastern Lachlan Orogen of New South Wales (Fig. 2.1). Together, these constitute the Early Ordovician
to earliest Silurian Macquarie Volcanic Belt, comprising largely high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic volcanic-
volcaniclastic sequences, with some intercalated Middle to Late Ordovician carbonates (e.g. Crawford et
al., 2007; Glen et al., 2012; Quinn et al., 2014). It is generally accepted these volcanic belts represent the
accreted suprasubduction zone remains of an intra-oceanic arc, the Macquarie Arc, developed outboard
of Gondwana (Glen et al., 2007; Glen et al., 2012). In addition to explaining the geochemical affinity of the
volcanic rocks (e.g. Glen et al., 1998; Crawford et al., 2007), this plate tectonic setting is consistent with the
occurrence of numerous porphyry deposits and prospects in the region, including the world-class Cadia
Au system (Cooke et al., 2007). It has been suggested that the intersection of the Lachlan Transverse Zone
with the Macquarie Arc may have been an important factor in localising the occurrence of porphyry
deposits (Glen and Walshe, 1999).
In contrast, Quinn et al. (2014) proposed a localised extensional back-arc setting for the Macquarie Volcanic
Belt, with magmatism resulting from rifting of a continental margin sequence accompanied by lower
crustal delamination. This was based on mapping in the Kiandra Volcanic Belt which suggested that the
volcanic rocks and surrounding turbidites were coeval rather than faulted together during accretion.
However, such a model is without a complete modern analogue and is at odds with the igneous
geochemistry. Porphyry Cu-Au systems are also typically restricted to suprasubduction zone environments
(e.g. Sillitoe, 1972; Kirkham and Sinclair, 1995; Drew, 2005; Sillitoe, 2010), although crustal delamination has
been suggested as possibly important to their formation (Bin et al., 2003).
In the Parkes region, the Junee-Narromine Volcanic Belt is composed of three principal stratigraphic
packages (Krynen et al., 1990). These units and structural features of the area are described below with
reference to the geological map (Fig. 2.3).
2.2.1 The Nelungaloo Volcanics and Yarrimbah Formation

The Lower Ordovician Nelungaloo Volcanics are the oldest exposed rocks of the Junee-Narromine Volcanic
Belt, outcropping in the core of the Forbes Anticline. They consist largely of high-K calc-alkaline andesites to
basaltic andesites and volcaniclastic rocks (Glen et al., 2007), with a combined estimated thickness of 1.5 km
(Simpson et al., 2005). The minimum age of this package is constrained by intrusions of broadly comagmatic,
equigranular to weakly plagioclase-augite-phyric monzodiorite bodies, one of which provided a zircon U-Pb
(SHRIMP) age of 481 ± 4 Ma (Butera et al., 2001; recalculated by I. Williams in Simpson et al., 2005).
The Yarrimbah Formation directly overlies the Nelungaloo Volcanics (Sherwin, 1979, 2000) and is described
by Glen et al. (2007) as a 400-600 m thick, broadly fining upwards sequence of volcaniclastic sandstones,
siltstones and bedded mudstones. Graptolites from these rocks indicate deposition between the
Lancefieldian (La3, ~479 Ma) and Bendigonian (Be1, ~476 Ma) (Sherwin, 1979).
13
Fig. 2.4
Fig. 2.3 – Geological map of the Northparkes region (area outlined in Fig. 2.1); geological lines from Simpson et al. (2005)
and Arundell (1997), after Krynen et al. (1990) and Heithersay et al. (1990). Note all contacts are inferred owing to thick
cover; dashed contacts to monzonitic intrusions reflect disagreement between authors on their exact position. Ages for
intrusions are from Butera et al. (2001), after Simpson et al. (2005); gravity anomaly from Northparkes Mines ground survey.
Grid coordinates are in metres with respect to AMG Zone 55.
14
2.2.2 The Goonumbla Volcanics – Billabong Creek Limestone and Gunningbland Formation
The Middle to Late Ordovician Goonumbla Volcanics are separated from the underlying Nelungaloo
Volcanics by an inferred low angle unconformity, representing a depositional hiatus of ~10 Ma (Krynen et
al., 1990; Percival and Glen, 2007). Trachyandesites are the dominant constituent along with intervening
basaltic andesites, volcaniclastic conglomerates and rare limestones, giving a total thickness of 2.5-4 km.
However, many of the massive trachyandesites have peperitic upper and lower contacts (this study;
Kolkert, 1998; Simpson et al., 2005), and Simpson et al. (2005) also recognised the same textures in the
overlying Wombin Volcanics, leading them to suggest that the majority of the trachyandesite units are in
fact sills. A second generation of equigranular to weakly porphyritic monzodiorite bodies intrude the base
of the Goonumbla Volcanics near Goonumbla, with a zircon U-Pb (SHRIMP) age of 450.8 ± 4.2 Ma (Butera
et al., 2001), providing a minimum age constraint on the volcanic sequence. However, as this monzodiorite
does not appear to directly intrude the trachyandesite sills (Simpson et al., 2005), these could still be
younger.
Around Gunningbland, the shallow marine Billabong Creek Limestones and overlying deeper water
Gunningbland Formation occur intercalated with, and as lateral equivalents of, the Goonumbla Volcanics
(Percival and Glen, 2007). These units have a maximum thickness of ~1.1 km, and were dated by Pickett
and Percival (2001), using a near continuous fossil record; results indicated deposition between the
Darriwilian (Da2, ~465 Ma) and Eastonian (Ea3/4, ~452 Ma).
2.2.3 The Wombin Volcanics

The >3 km thick Wombin Volcanics directly overlie the Goonumbla Volcanics, although it remains unclear
if there was a hiatus between their deposition; together these sequences comprise the Northparkes Group
(Percival and Glen, 2007). Krynen et al. (1990) defined the Wombin Volcanics based on their more evolved
chemistry and reddish-brown colouration. They are dominated by volcanic breccias and sandstones along
with trachytes, ignimbrites and a series of trachyandesite sills, similar to those identified in the Goonumbla
Volcanics (Simpson et al., 2005).
The age of the Wombin Volcanics is poorly constrained as Late Ordovician to earliest Silurian; they must
post-date the latest Eastonian age (~450 Ma; Webby et al., 2004) Goonumbla Volcanics, and minimum
constraints are imposed by several monzonite intrusions emplaced throughout the area. An equigranular
monzonite body near Cooks Myalls returned a consistent zircon U-Pb (SHRIMP) date of 439 ± 5 Ma based
on two samples (Butera et al., 2001), and Lickfold et al. (2007) reported a further zircon U-Pb (SHRIMP) date
of 444.2 ± 4.7 Ma for the biotite quartz monzonite (BQM) that intrudes the Wombin sequence at
Northparkes.
15
2.2.4 Structural geology and regional metamorphism
Rocks within the Lachlan Fold Belt have experienced a protracted deformation history during continental
accretion, with at least six individual orogenic events defined (Gray et al., 1997). The Northparkes area lies
both near to the geographic extent of the supposed Lower Devonian Bowning Orogeny (~409-396 Ma;
Crook et al., 1973), and well within that of the Carboniferous Kanimblan Orogeny (~360-340 Ma; Powell et
al., 1976). However, based on a compilation of 40Ar/39Ar slate whole rock and white mica crystallisation ages,
Gray and Foster (2004) suggested most deformation in the Parkes region occurred between 410-380 Ma.
In the Parkes district, strain is strongly partitioned into thrust faults and less competent units. For example,
highly deformed and foliated deep marine sediments occur east of the Parkes Thrust (Fig. 2.3) in contrast
to only gently folded and non-foliated volcanics to the west. Ductile strain in the volcanics is limited to the
NNE-striking, gently plunging and open-hinged Forbes Anticline and Milpose Syncline. These folds are cut
by a conjugate set of ESE-striking sinistral and SSE-striking dextral faults, exemplified by the Dalveen Fault
Zone. Regional mapping (e.g. Heithersay et al., 1990; Krynen et al., 1990; Arundell, 1997; Simpson et al.,
2005) has shown that rocks of the largely Lower Devonian Trundle Group (Sherwin, 1996), that
unconformably overlies the Wombin Volcanics, are unaffected by the Dalveen Fault, although clearly
related faults offset the Parkes Thrust (Fig. 2.3). This constrains deformation to the Middle Silurian to Lower
Devonian, at the oldest end of the estimate provided by Gray and Foster (2004).
Regional metamorphism in the volcanic rocks of the Parkes area appears to be limited to prehnite-
pumpellyite facies, with the widespread development of chlorite, calcite, prehnite, pumpellyite and quartz.
Minor epidote, albite and zeolites are also observed. There is no evidence to suggest a metamorphic
overprint at Northparkes, with all alteration assemblages appearing primary.
2.3 THE NORTHPARKES DEPOSITS

The Northparkes deposits are a cluster of five Cu-Au ore zones hosted within the Wombin and Goonumbla
Volcanics: Endeavour (E)22, 26, 27, 48 and GRP314, all of which occur in an area of only ~10 km2 (Figs. 2.4,
2.5, 2.6).
16
Fig. 2.4 – Geological plan of the E26, E48 and GRP314 deposits, below the level of the Altona Fault (~780 m below surface);
area annotated on Fig. 2.3. Lines of section indicated through E26 and E48 are provided as Fig. 2.5 and Fig. 2.6 respectively.
Also shown are the paths of diamond drillholes, with 100 m markings, logged in detail for this study (Figs. 2.16, 2.17).
Geological detail from modelling by Northparkes Mines, constrained by their entire drill core database and gravity
modelling. Alteration detail is also based on modelling from the entire drill core database, and modified based on data
from key drillholes and details of logging from this study.
17
2.3.1 General features
Mineralisation comprises disseminated Cu sulphides and fracture coatings within quartz vein stockworks
and zones of potassic alteration, both of which are spatially and temporally associated with multiphase
quartz monzonite porphyry (QMP) complexes. Bornite is the dominant sulphide in the centre of these
magmatic-hydrothermal systems, transitioning outwards into a chalcopyrite-rich shell and pyrite-
dominant periphery. The highest Au grades are in the core of the systems, where Au is present largely as
fine, native inclusions in both silicates and bornite, and occurs with minor tellurides (Müller et al., 1994;
Lickfold, 2002; Butcher et al., 2011). Oxidation persists up to ~80 m below surface in the region;
consequently, the highest level deposits, E22, E26 and E27, exhibit thin, but well-developed upper oxide
ore zones (Crane et al., 1998; McLean et al., 2004). These comprise an uppermost zone of Cu phosphates,
notably including sampleite at E26, passing down through a layer of Cu carbonates to a small supergene
enrichment horizon with native Cu, cuprite and chalcocite (Clissold et al., 2005).
The QMP bodies form part of a series of silica-saturated alkaline intrusions that dominate in the mine area
and range in composition from monzodiorite through to alkali feldspar granite. The most voluminous
phase is a pre-mineralisation biotite quartz monzonite (BQM) pluton that underlies and partly hosts
mineralisation. QMP complexes at E22, E26, E27 and E48 are emplaced on the shoulders, and GRP314
within the centre, of apophyses of the BQM pluton (Figs. 2.4, 2.5, 2.6).
The host lithologies at E22, E27 and E48 are dominated by trachyandesites, present largely as sills and
occasional lava flows, interbedded with volcanic conglomerates, massive to poorly bedded volcanic
sandstones and occasional laminated siltstones and mudstones (this study; Jones, 1985; Wolfe, 1994;
Simpson et al., 2005; Figs. 2.4, 2.5). Volcanic host rocks at E26 mainly comprise massive trachytic breccias
and ignimbrites along with trachytes and volcanic sandstones (this study; Heithersay et al., 1990). In
contrast, GRP314 is hosted entirely within intrusive rocks, comprising QMP bodies contained within a larger
weakly-mineralised quartz monzonite phase, which is itself enclosed by the BQM pluton (Fig. 2.4).
18
Fig. 2.5 – Cross section through the E26 deposit; colour scheme and details as for Fig. 2.4. Porphyry bodies are
interpretively projected onto the section (unless indicated) to match all known intersections in the plane of the section; this
avoids them appearing as discontinuous lenses. For clarity, details of volcanic country rock facies are omitted, however
examples are provided in Fig. 2.7.
19
Fig. 2.6 – Cross section through the E48 deposit; colour scheme and details as for Fig. 2.4. Porphyry bodies are projected
as for Fig. 2.5.
20
2.3.2 Structural features
A distinctive feature of most of the mineralised porphyry intrusions is their elongate, pipe-like geometry
(‘pencil porphyries’), being typically ~50-100 m in diameter and >1 km in vertical extent (e.g. Figs. 2.5, 2.6).
However, some porphyry intrusions occur as dykes: at GRP314 there appear to be tabular dykes with a NE-
SW trend. Of similar orientation are a series of thin, post mineralisation, alkali basalt dykes which strike NE
throughout Northparkes. In contrast, a particular post-mineralisation monzonite porphyry phase, known
as the Zero porphyry, occurs exclusively as SE-striking dykes, which cut through the centre of E26 and are
further recorded near E34 (this study; Fig. 2.4). Using orientated core measurements, Harris (1997)
demonstrated that stockwork veins in all the Endeavour deposits also show a preferred SE-SSE strike (~140-
170°). Harris and Holcombe (2014) further investigated the complex nature of vein orientations at the E26
deposit, once again revealing a preferred SSE(-NNW) trend. The occurrence of such NE- and SE-striking
features effectively defines a conjugate fault geometry, and indicates a regionally imposed stress regime
was present throughout emplacement of the QMP complexes. Consequently, the pipe-like morphology of
the mineralising bodies perhaps reflects emplacement along the intersection of these broadly NE- and SE-
striking fracture sets (Harris, 1997; Crawford, 2001; Harris and Holcombe, 2014). Alternatively, the
morphology could simply be a result of the particularly buoyant, volatile nature of the magma.
The Wombin and, at depth, Goonumbla Volcanics at Northparkes are slightly tilted, with a broad SE dip of
units between E48 and E26. However, this is most likely a result of emplacement of the BQM pluton directly
below, combined with any original dip. Porphyry bodies remain subvertical and post-mineralisation
deformation is remarkably limited; this too may partly be owing to the underlying plutonic monzonite,
effectively forming a strain-resistant crustal block (Scheibner, 1993).
The most significant structural feature, the Altona Fault (Figs. 2.3, 2.5, 2.6), is post-mineralisation and has
no surface outcrop, but is known from extensive drilling to be a large, shallowly (~15°) east-dipping planar
structure. This fault significantly impacts exploration. The E28 prospect is the very tip of another porphyry
Cu-Au deposit located entirely within the hanging wall (Jones, 1985; Kolkert, 1998), while the top of E48
and an upper section of the GRP314 system are truncated by it. Accordingly, GRP314 was only discovered
in 2004 during underground and subsequent surface drilling to explore below the structure (Lye, 2006).
Although the sense of displacement has been debated, internal investigations based on drill core
structures suggest the Altona Fault is a top-to-the-west thrust, with an offset of several hundreds of metres
(Dalstra and Oosterwijk, 2005).
21
2.4 P RINCIPAL LITHOLOGIES
Key lithological units at Northparkes are summarised below, and their typical occurrence is illustrated in
Figure 2.7. Descriptions are based mainly on drill core logging at E26 and E48, but supplemented where
necessary by other sources to ensure a comprehensive review. An illustrative guide to the key lithologies
is also given as Appendix A.
Fig. 2.7 – Semi-schematic scaled cross section to illustrate the occurrence, form and relationships between major
lithologies at Northparkes; based off a NE-trending cross section through E26.
2.4.1 Country rock volcanics
Trachyandesites
Basaltic trachyandesites to trachyandesites form a significant proportion of the Goonumbla Volcanics, and
are also found within the Wombin Volcanics. They are dark brown to black and ubiquitously porphyritic,
comprising 20-50% of 1-4 mm plagioclase laths and minor pyroxene in a very fine to aphanitic groundmass
(Fig. 2.8a). Rarely, units contain amygdales and show hyaloclastic surfaces; peperitic contacts with
volcaniclastic rocks are more common. Where present, these features clearly indicate that a majority of the
thick (10’s – 100’s m) units are sills emplaced into the volcano-sedimentary pile. However, there is also
evidence that thin (<1 – 10’s m) units within the Goonumbla are true extrusive flows (this study; Kolkert,
1998; Simpson et al., 2005). The distinction between intrusive and extrusive units is frequently ambiguous
in altered drill core sections.
22
Fig. 2.8 – Examples of typical volcanic and volcaniclastic lithologies at Northparkes; all scale bars = 1 cm. (a) plagioclase-
pyroxene-phyric trachyandesite, GD654/729 m; (b) peperitic contact – an intimate mixture of chloritised fine sediment and
reddish brown trachyandesite cut by fine epidote-albite veinlets (P3), E34D3/648 m; (c) neptunian sedimentary dyke
irregularly cutting epidote-albite-hematite altered trachyandesite; E34D3/322 m; (d) chloritised hyaloclastic breccia on the
surface of a trachyandesite unit, E34D3/277 m; (e) volcanic conglomerate with reddish trachyandesite and dark
sedimentary lithic clasts in a silt-mud matrix, strongly and pervasively epidote-chlorite-albite altered, E48D134/417 m; (f)
fine volcanic sandstone showing relatively rare broken plagioclase and K-feldspar crystals, note how the strong epidote-
chlorite alteration is selectively more pervasive in the coarser interbed, E48D134/311 m; (g) rare fine-scale laminations
between grey mudstone and chloritised siltstone, deposited on a coarser crystal-bearing sandstone, flame structure
arrowed, E48D134/385 m; (h) fine trachyte, E26D460/650 m; (i) welded, trachytic lithic-crystal ignimbrite showing red
trachyte, central trachyandesite and possible wispy pumice clasts, in fine banded matrix containing plagioclase, K-feldspar
and pyroxene crystals, E26D459/134 m.
23
Peperites and hyaloclastites
Magma - wet sediment interaction is recorded by peperitic textures (Fig. 2.8b) and hyaloclastic breccias
(Fig. 2.8d); these mostly occur on the contacts of trachyandesite units, and are present throughout the
Goonumbla and Wombin Volcanics. Peperites occur as intimate, irregular mixtures of sediment and
trachyandesite, usually consisting patches of volcanic rock split apart by small diffuse wisps and globules
of sediment or, more rarely, neptunian dykes (Fig. 2.8c). Such lithologies attest to the water-saturated and
poorly-consolidated nature of the volcanic stratigraphy during this phase of magmatism.
Volcanic conglomerates
Differentiation between true conglomerates and the numerous breccia facies is often difficult and the term
conglomerate is here reserved for those units composed dominantly of rounded clasts (e.g. Fig. 2.8e).
Massive packages of polymict, matrix-supported conglomerates, fining upwards into volcanic sandstones,
are present in the Goonumbla Volcanics; these comprise clasts of trachyandesite, sandstones and siltstones
in a dark silt and mud matrix. Trachyte clasts are also present in matrix-supported conglomerates within
the Wombin Volcanics, and monomict conglomerates with sandstone clasts were observed around E48.
Volcanic sandstones, siltstones and mudstones

Most volcanic sandstones comprise massive, fine to medium grained and moderately- to very well-sorted
units, composed of lithic fragments and rarer abraded crystals set in a fine silt to mud matrix (Fig. 2.8f). Internal
bedding and lamination is relatively rare. Dark siltstones and mudstones are uncommon. Where observed,
they usually display fine laminations on the centimetre to millimetre scale and frequently exhibit wet
sediment deformation structures including load casts, flame structures and minor slump folds (Fig. 2.8g).
Trachytes
Thin (<1-10’s m) units of pink- to brick-red-coloured trachytes occur within the Wombin Volcanics. These
are typically aphanitic or finely porphyritic, with sparse, 1-3 mm euhedral plagioclase and occasional K-
feldspar, pyroxene, biotite and hornblende phenocrysts in an aphanitic K-feldspar-quartz groundmass (Fig.
2.8h). Their intrusive or extrusive nature is difficult to determine. However, some fine breccias at contacts
could represent hyaloclastites or autobrecciated surfaces, and the occurrence of trachyte fragments within
conglomerates and sedimentary breccias demonstrates that at least some were actively eroded.
Trachytic volcanic breccia (ignimbrite)

The term trachytic volcanic breccia at Northparkes refers to welded, lithic-crystal ignimbrites, with a typical
chocolate-brown or black colouration (mostly depending on alteration). They contain angular to sub-
angular clasts of trachyte, trachyandesite and volcaniclastic rocks along with 10-30% euhedral and broken
plagioclase, K-feldspar and pyroxene crystals. These are set within a welded, irregularly banded aphanitic
matrix with wispy patches of crystal-poor material, interpreted by Simpson et al. (2005) as pumice
fragments (Fig. 2.8i). This lithology exclusively occurs in the Wombin Volcanics and is widespread to the
west of E26, where continuous drill core intersections exceed 250 m.
24
2.4.2 Northparkes magmatic rocks
Monzodiorite
Pre-mineralisation monzodiorite bodies outcrop in the Northparkes area; monzodiorite is also
encountered at depth near the E26 deposit (Lickfold et al., 2003) and occasionally as xenoliths within the
BQM pluton (Fig. 2.9a). The lithology is typically coarse grained (2-3 mm) and equigranular, consisting of
10-30% mafic minerals, usually augite and biotite with lesser magnetite and hornblende, intergrown with
60-70% plagioclase and minor alkali feldspar (~10%).
Biotite quartz monzonite (BQM)

The BQM exhibits a continuously variable texture from coarse and equigranular, through to medium
grained and semi-porphyritic. The equigranular end-member comprises interlocking, 2-4 mm euhedral
plagioclase and K-feldspar crystals with 10-20% subhedral biotite; quartz is present as an anhedral
interstitial phase (~5%) with further K-feldspar (Fig. 2.9b). In the porphyritic end-member, euhedral 3-5 mm
plagioclase phenocrysts dominate (40-60%), along with subhedral biotite (~10%) within a finer grained
(but still visibly crystalline) interstitial mass of interlocking K-feldspar and quartz (Fig. 2.9c-d).
A large intrusion of BQM underlies the entire Northparkes area, and bodies within the hanging wall of the
Altona Fault subcrop between E26 and E31 (the E31 stock) and NE of E27 (the Tails Dam stock). The extent
of the plutonic system beneath the Northparkes deposits is revealed by the ~12 km diameter negative
Bouguer gravity anomaly (Fig. 2.3). The upper surface of this pluton is highly undulate; contacts between
the BQM and host volcanics are also irregular on the metre scale, with frequent rounded xenoliths (1 cm to
2-3 m diameter) and injections of small dykes and sills.
Minor specks of chalcopyrite and bornite are present within the BQM, and patches of chalcopyrite occur in
rare pegmatitic segregations. Consequently, Lickfold et al. (2003) classified it as early-mineralisation, but it
is probably better regarded as pre-mineralisation.
Alkali feldspar granite (AFG)

The AFG (Fig. 2.9e) occurs as another distinct and voluminous lithology within the BQM-dominated pluton.
It appears to be a later differentiate of the BQM: contacts between the two are either gradual over tens of
metres, or distinct but irregular, with plagioclase phenocrysts observed to pass over the contact (Fig. 2.9f).
The AFG is coarse and relatively equigranular, typically consisting of 10-30% euhedral, 2-4 mm plagioclase
crystals (often amalgamated together) surrounded by only slightly finer, interlocking K-feldspar and quartz.
Quartz may also be present as 1-2 mm anhedral grains, the varying abundance of which shifts the
composition between an alkali feldspar syenite and alkali feldspar granite. Biotite is restricted to only 1-5%.
The AFG is therefore a more felsic and evolved phase than the BQM, containing less plagioclase and biotite,
and more K-feldspar and quartz. The two phases effectively form a composite/zoned intrusion.
25
Fig. 2.9 – Examples of the principal plutonic rocks at Northparkes; all scale bars = 1 cm. (a) round pre-mineralisation
monzodiorite xenolith in the BQM pluton, CND5/641 m; (b) equigranular end-member of the BQM, from a patch lacking
hematite reddening, E26D460/950 m; (c) equigranular to semi-porphyritic BQM, weakly hematite reddened, E48D147/617
m; (d) semi-porphyritic BQM with subhedral, weakly sericitised plagioclase and smaller K-feldspar and chloritised biotite
crystals in a hematite reddened groundmass of K-feldspar and quartz, E48D147/359 m; (e) AFG to quartz alkali feldspar
syenite, large weakly sericitised plagioclase and chloritised biotite crystals are surrounded by interlocking K-feldspar with
interstitial, anhedral quartz, E26D361/ 341 m; (f) distinct but diffuse contact between AFG and BQM, E48D147/221 m; (g)
porphyritic variety of QMZ with characteristic anhedral plagioclase and quartz, but euhedral K-feldspar, in groundmass
containing much granular anhedral quartz and K-feldspar; disseminated chalcopyrite throughout, E26D467/440 m; (h)
semi-porphyritic QMZ with small miarolitic cavities of quartz-bornite-chalcopyrite, BZD10/580 m; (i) K-feldspar megacryst
poikilitically enclosing plagioclase in strongly porphyritic QMZ, BZD10/~600 m.
Quartz monzonite (QMZ)

A large, NE-SW-trending QMZ body occurs at GRP314, and this lithology is also known at depth around E26
and E48. In all instances, the QMZ is entirely enclosed by the BQM-AFG pluton. Contacts with the pluton
may be sharp or gradational over tens of metres; frequently sub-rounded BQM xenoliths are observed
within the QMZ. Texture varies between truly porphyritic (Fig. 2.9g), with a fine-aphanitic groundmass,
through to semi-porphyritic with a visibly crystalline groundmass (Fig. 2.9h). Phenocrysts typically range
from 0.5 mm to 3 mm and comprise 5-10% anhedral quartz, 30-70% characteristically subhedral to
anhedral plagioclase and 10-40% euhedral to subhedral K-feldspar with minor biotite (1-5%). In rare
instances, K-feldspar forms larger phenocrysts (1-3 cm; Fig. 2.9i) that may overgrow anhedral plagioclase.
26
Hendrawan (2011a) documented a gradual transition in the QMZ at GRP314. Semi-porphyritic and crystal-
crowded QMZ at depth passes up into a relatively sparsely porphyritic variety directly below the Altona Fault,
with increased K-feldspar and less plagioclase and biotite. The latter variety contains quartz-K-feldspar-
bornite-chalcopyrite miarolites (Fig. 2.9h) and quartz-aplite unidirectional solidification textures (UST’s); small
blebs of anhydrite are also present throughout. Such textures attest to the presence of a magmatic volatile
phase that remained trapped within the melt; no stockwork veining is known to be associated with the QMZ.
The QMZ therefore appears to represent a transitional early-mineralisation intrusion emplaced into the
upper part of the BQM-AFG pluton which was nearly completely solidified at the time. The QMZ is sharply
truncated by lower volume syn- and post-mineralisation QMP bodies at both E26 and GRP314.
Quartz monzonite porphyries (QMP)

All major ore bodies at Northparkes are spatially associated with small-volume QMP intrusions which occur
as pipe-like to occasionally more elongate, dyke-like bodies (Figs. 2.5, 2.6, 2.10a-g). These intrusions are
exceptionally complex. Multiple magmatic pulses are recognisable, each of which are variably altered and
may exhibit rapid spatial variability in their size and shape, groundmass granularity and phenocryst
abundance. The latter varies between 40-90% with both plagioclase and K-feldspar phenocrysts common
to all the QMP phases.
K-feldspar phenocrysts are typically large (1-2 cm), euhedral and often zoned (Fig. 2.10f-g), but are also
observed as angular broken fragments (Fig. 2.10b-d). Plagioclase phenocrysts are usually smaller (<1 cm),
subhedral crystals that may be overgrown by K-feldspar (Fig. 2.10e-f). The groundmass varies from
aphanitic to finely crystalline and is largely composed of quartz and K-feldspar. Biotite, augite and
hornblende are present as mafic phenocrysts in some phases and accessory apatite, sphene and zircon
have been recorded in all the Endeavour porphyries (Lickfold, 2002).
At E22, E26, E27 and E48, Lickfold et al. (2003) were able to petrographically distinguish three sub-types of
QMP based largely on the relative abundance and mineralogy of mafic and K-feldspar phenocrysts: 1)
biotite QMP - minor bodies with 5-10% mafic phenocrysts, largely of biotite (Fig. 2.10e-f); 2) K-feldspar QMP
- with few (<2%) mafic phenocrysts (Fig. 2.10a-b); and 3) augite K-Feldspar QMP - with limited (2-5%) mafic
phenocrysts, largely of augite and biotite (Fig. 2.10c-d). Using cross-cutting relationships (following the
criteria of Sillitoe, 2000) it was further shown that each sub-type may form several distinct bodies that occur
multiple times in the magmatic-hydrothermal history of each deposit. Generally, however, the K-feldspar
QMP bodies are most closely associated with mineralisation.
This QMP classification scheme has yet to be tested at GRP314 and the various other porphyry prospects.
Further, field based recognition of the sub-types can be difficult and correlating between limited drill core
intersections of multiple thin and discontinuous bodies is challenging. As such, QMP intrusions are
grouped by Northparkes Mines on the basis of their relative timing and spatial association with
mineralisation, in an approach similar to Heithersay and Walshe (1995). This approach differentiates early-
27
to syn-mineralisation QMP intrusions, which contain and host disseminated sulphides and vein stockworks,
and the late-mineralisation bodies which dilute grade. This classification is applied for simplicity and clarity
in Figures 2.5-2.7.
Monzonite porphyries
A distinct, crystal-crowded, post-mineralisation monzonite porphyry (Fig. 2.10h) occurs as SE-striking dykes
which cut through the E26 deposit. This phase is frequently referred to as the ‘Zero’ porphyry, due to its
low Cu-Au concentrations (<10 ppm Cu, <1 ppm Au) which result in grade dilution where it is emplaced
into mineralised zones. Only weak propylitic alteration and hematite reddening affect the Zero porphyry.
It is typically brownish red, with phenocrysts comprising 5-15% mafic minerals (augite, biotite and
magnetite), 60-70% plagioclase and 10-20% K-feldspar within an aphanitic K-feldspar groundmass;
Lickfold (2002) also reported the occurrence of primary anhydrite phenocrysts. As with the QMP intrusions,
plagioclase phenocrysts are smaller than K-feldspar phenocrysts, which may be zoned and either euhedral
or fragmental.
An unusual feature of the Zero porphyry dyke(s) at E26 and E34 is the frequent occurrence of a
geochemically and texturally distinct, dark brown, plagioclase-phyric basaltic trachyandesite (the ‘Mafic
Zero’), often along the dyke margins and/or as highly irregular shaped xenoliths (Fig. 2.10i; Lickfold et al.,
2003; this study). This appears to represent commingling of two magmatic phases, with the Zero porphyry
emplaced into the same structure as the earlier, Mafic Zero, before it had totally solidified (Keith et al., 1998;
Lickfold et al., 2007).
A further monzonite porphyry body occurs near the E34 prospect and is thought to be post-mineralisation.
It is not associated with elevated Cu grades and cuts across chlorite-quartz-epidote-albite (P1) veins (see
section 2.6.4) in intensely propylitically-altered rocks; xenoliths of these veins, pervasively epidote-altered
country rock, sericitic (quartz-sericite-pyrite) veins and BQM are also observed. The intrusion comprises
~40% phenocrysts, dominantly <2 mm subhedral plagioclase feldspar with lesser biotite and often larger
(1 mm – 1 cm) euhedral K-feldspar, set in an aphanitic K-feldspar groundmass (Fig. 2.10j). Breccias
associated with emplacement occur at the margins (see section 2.4.3).
Basaltic dykes
Numerous, thin (30 cm to 1.5 m), broadly NE-striking dykes of alkali basalt are documented at E22 and E27
(Jones, 1985; Lickfold et al., 2003), E48 (Wolfe, 1994; Hooper et al., 1996), E34 (this study) and GRP314
(Hendrawan, 2011a); in all cases they are post-mineralisation. Although dominantly sub-vertical, these
dykes are also emplaced along the Altona Fault (Hooper et al., 1996), and many are unaltered or contain
only calcite amygdales. Consequently, at least some significantly postdate porphyry-related magmatic
activity, and may even be of Tertiary age (Duggan et al., 1999). In contrast, further examples of alkali basalt
dykes, pervasively overprinted by strong sericitic alteration, have been considered to represent the waning
stages of Late Ordovician to early Silurian magmatic-hydrothermal activity (Lickfold et al., 2003).
28
Fig. 2.10 – Examples of quartz monzonite and monzonite porphyries at Northparkes, note the high degree of crystal
crowding; all scale bars = 1 cm. (a) K-feldspar, early-mineralisation QMP cut by quartz stockwork veins (K3, section 2.6.2),
E48D237/261 m; (b) K-feldspar QMP with particularly glassy groundmass and broken, angular K-feldspar phenocryst on
lower right, E48D147/255 m; (c-d) syn- to late-mineralisation porphyries, with notable mafic biotite and augite phenocrysts
as well as both broken, angular and euhedral K-feldspar phenocrysts, E26D497/~360 and 683 m respectively; (e) late-
mineralisation, dominantly plagioclase-quartz-biotite-phyric QMP, groundmass is rich in K-feldspar which also rims
plagioclase, E22D279/458 m; (f) late-mineralisation QMP with biotite as a major mafic phase; note xenoliths of quartz-
veined BQM and complex zoning of K-feldspar that forms a euhedral outer pink overgrowth on earlier irregular (partly
resorbed?) grey K-feldspar crystals, K-feldspar also overgrows some plagioclase, BZD32/~770 m; (g) enlarged view of zoned
K-feldspar crystal in QMP; shows initial subhedral grey crystal overgrown by euhedral pink K-feldspar, which poikilitically
encloses plagioclase; bornite and chalcopyrite specks are trapped at the contact, E26D545/~630 m; (h) typical texture and
colouration of the Zero porphyry phase, E26D459/377 m; (i) large, irregular shaped xenoliths of dark brown basaltic
trachyandesite within the reddish brown Zero porphyry, note epidote veinlets (P3, section 2.6.4) that are associated with
propylitic alteration, E26D440/223 m; (j) typical texture and colouration of the post-mineralisation monzonite porphyry at
E34, E34D3/849 m.
29
2.4.3 Breccias and magmatic-hydrothermal features
Porphyry-hydrothermal phenomena
K-feldspar-rich, syn-mineralisation QMP bodies in all the deposits may contain highly irregular
segregations of quartz-K-feldspar-sulphide ± anhydrite ± fluorite intergrown with aplite (Fig. 2.11a-b). In
some instances, these patches may appear layered and exhibit unidirectional comb quartz growth (Fig.
2.11c). Similar, irregular segregations of quartz-magnetite-chalcopyrite are also observed, notably at E26.
Vein dykes (<1-5 cm wide) occur throughout the mineralisation history. These irregular fractures contain a
mix of igneous and hydrothermal cement and are spatially associated with QMP bodies. First described at
E26, they consist of either quartz veins with a central aplitic fill, or a predominantly aplitic fill with coarse
segregations and central intergrowths of hydrothermal quartz-K-feldspar-sulphide (Heithersay and
Walshe, 1995).
Intrusive breccias
Porphyry-cemented breccias are relatively common in all the QMP complexes at Northparkes; however,
two examples are particularly notable. At E27, the margins of syn- to late-mineralisation QMP bodies are
characterised by large zones of jigsaw-fit intrusion breccias in which angular clasts of mineralised host rock
are cemented by plagioclase-phyric (<4 mm), fine (<1 mm) aplite porphyry. This aplitic cement routinely
penetrates into <1 mm wide fractures and is frequently intergrown with coarse segregations (examples
several cm long) of hydrothermal quartz-K-feldspar-bornite (Fig. 2.11d). Hence, the cement of this breccia
is comparable with the vein dykes, appearing to represent very low viscosity, fluid-saturated magma.
Early open-pit operations at E27 also recovered large blocks (up to several metres long) of matrix-
supported hydrothermal breccias with a cement of grey ‘greasy’ quartz and massive bornite (Fig. 2.11e).
Euhedral K-feldspar crystals reaching 6 mm in length are contained within the bornite (Fig. 2.11f) and clasts
are strongly potassically-altered. The similarity of this breccia to hydrothermal segregations within the
aplitic cement of the underlying E27 intrusion breccia suggests the two are cogenetic, representing the
transition from deeper magmatic-hydrothermal, to purely hydrothermal conditions. A similar genetic
relationship between vein dykes and quartz-K-feldspar-sulphide-cemented breccias at E26 has been
proposed (Heithersay and Walshe, 1995).
At E34, a post-mineralisation monzonite porphyry (Fig. 2.10j; section 2.4.2) exhibits brecciated contacts.
With increasing distance from the intrusion these grade from a porphyry-cemented breccia (Fig. 2.11g)
into an extensive zone of brecciated country rock fragments, with occasional, irregular patches of
porphyry, surrounded by intensely chloritised rock flour (Fig. 2.11h). These rock flour breccias are very
similar in texture to the pebble dykes observed elsewhere (Fig. 2.11i). It is possible, therefore, that the
sequence logged at E34 records the generation of pebble dykes at the point of explosive interaction
between late porphyry intrusions and water-saturated country rocks, as documented in other porphyry
districts (e.g. Tintic, Utah; Farmin, 1934).
30
Pebble dykes
Pebble dykes, usually 1 cm to 1 m wide, are post-mineralisation, polymict hydrothermal breccia dykes that
occur across all the known deposits (e.g. Jones, 1985; Heithersay et al., 1990; Lickfold, 2002; this study).
Clasts do not necessarily reflect immediately adjacent wall rocks and comprise sub-angular to well-
rounded fragments of all volcanic and intrusive lithologies, except for basaltic dykes, in a fine, dark rock
flour matrix with a hydrothermal quartz-carbonate-pyrite cement (Fig. 2.11j). Clasts may be mineralised
and/or pervasively potassically, sericitically or propylitically-altered and veined, with textures clearly
truncated at clast margins.
Pegmatites
Pegmatitic dykes (<4 m), intersected at the base of GRP314, contain large (several cm long) interlocking
crystals of K-feldspar and anhydrite, with accessory bornite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, biotite, muscovite and
actinolite (Hendrawan, 2011a).
Bornite clots
Irregular ~2-40 cm diameter ‘clots’ of massive bornite, with accessory chalcopyrite, K-feldspar and quartz
occur in the QMP and QMZ intrusions, particularly at E22, E27 and GRP314 (Fig. 2.11k). These unusual
features are rare in porphyry-style deposits. Sulphur isotope compositions (δ34S ≈ -4 ‰) are comparable
with average stockwork vein sulphides (Lickfold, 2002), and minimum Pd/Ir ratios (≈102-105) are also typical
of magmatic-hydrothermal sulphides, as opposed to those that formed from immiscible sulphide melts
(van Dongen et al., 2009). Consequently, they appear to be hydrothermal phenomena, either partially
resorbed xenoliths of massive mineralisation, or formed in situ from trapped aqueous solutions. The
exclusive occurrence of clots within fluid/volatile-rich QMP/QMZ intrusions, and sometimes the apparent
intergrowth of the two, argues for the latter. Observation of veins of pure bornite emanating from large
clots at E27 (Fig. 8e of Lickfold et al., 2003) further support this interpretation.
31
32
Fig. 2.11, opposite – Examples of breccias and magmatic-hydrothermal features at Northparkes; all scale bars = 1 cm. (a)
irregular blebs and patches of K-feldspar and aplite surrounded by quartz with bornite and chalcopyrite in QMP,
E26D467/204 m; (b) patches/miarolitic cavities of anhydrite and quartz surrounded by aplite QMP, E26D507/1164 m; (c)
UST comprising chalcopyrite, fluorite and anhydrite on aplite QMP substrate, followed by a comb quartz layer and further
aplite QMP, growth direction inferred in form top right to bottom left; note aplite QMP is sericitically altered, E26D507/1062
m; (d) jigsaw fit breccia of strongly biotite-magnetite altered trachyandesite clasts (containing truncated quartz-sulphide
K2 veinlets with K-feldspar halos and a K1 vein with strong magnetite-biotite halo); aplite QMP cement contains occasional
plagioclase phenocrysts and segregations/miarolitic cavities of interlocking quartz-K-feldspar-bornite, E27 open pit; (e)
bornite-K-feldspar-quartz cemented stockwork breccia containing clasts of quartz and strongly potassically altered host
rock fragments, E27; (f) euhedral K-feldspar crystals contained within bornite, from the same block in (e); (g) intrusive
breccia with fragments of dark trachyandesite, BQM (lower right), light-coloured sericitised rock and a propylitic P1 vein
(top left comprised of chlorite-quartz-calcite-pyrite-hematite), cemented by an apparently post-mineralisation monzonite
porphyry at E34 (Fig. 2.10j), E34D3/779 m; (h) the actual, highly undulate contact of the porphyry unit in (g) and Fig. 2.10j
with surrounding country rock, which is now a fine chloritised rock flour breccia, E34D3/677 m; (i) with increasing distance
from the intrusion the breccia of (h) contains larger clasts, here of trachyandesite (AND), BQM and quartz veins in fine
chloritised and quartz-calcite-pyrite cemented rock flour matrix, a texture identical to the pebble dykes observed elsewhere,
E34D3/680 m; (j) pebble dyke with rounded clasts of trachyandesite (AND), BQM, AFG and quartz-sericite altered vein
material with chalcopyrite, E26D411/249 m; (k) irregular bornite clot in QMP, bornite encloses K-feldspar and shows minor
chalcopyrite on its margins, E22D279/449 m.
2.5 L ITHOGEOCHEMISTRY
Whole rock geochemical analyses were conducted by ALS Minerals Ltd Brisbane on 204 samples collected
from logged diamond drill core. Major elements and 31 trace elements (including the REE) were analysed,
following lithium metaborate fusion, by ICP-AES and ICP-MS respectively. The abundance of C and S was
determined by combustion and infrared detection in a LECO C/S analyser. Base metal concentrations
(including Ag, Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn and Sc) were determined by ICP-AES after four acid digestion, and
precious metal (Au, Pt and Pd) concentrations were determined by fire assay ICP-MS. Volatile elements (As,
Bi, Hg, Sb, Se and Te) were determined by ICP-MS after aqua regia digestion. The analytical limit of
detection and calculated 1σ precision for each element is provided in Table 3.1 of Chapter 3. Mean
compositional data for replicate analyses of laboratory standards matched preferred reference values
within ± 1σ, suggesting results are accurate.
Data for a further 28 samples obtained using the same analytical procedures were provided by Rio Tinto
Ltd and are here combined with the analyses of Johnson (2011), Lickfold (2002), Crawford et al. (2001),
Morrison and Blevin (1997), Radclyffe (1995), Müller et al. (1994), Wolfe (1994), Hall (1993), Heithersay (1991)
and Clarke (1990). The resulting dataset on 540 samples is tabulated in Appendices C, D and E.
In this study, alteration type and intensity (based on observations of the percentage abundance of
alteration minerals) was recorded for each sample; the most strongly altered samples were excluded from
the evaluation of the principal lithologies in order to best represent original whole rock geochemistry.
Further detail is provided in Appendix C. Similarly, data from Johnson (2011) were screened to remove
most altered samples based on the descriptions provided and/or anomalism in three or more elements.
Nonetheless, most samples are altered to some unavoidable extent so that results, particularly for mobile
elements must be treated with caution. Furthermore, a majority of the Northparkes igneous rocks contain
phenocrysts, typically of plagioclase with variable biotite and K-feldspar, so that whole rock analyses may
not be fully representative of the parental magma.
33
2.5.1 Country rock volcanics
Total Na2O + K2O vs. SiO2 (TAS; Fig. 2.12a) and K2O vs. SiO2 plots (Fig. 2.12b) demonstrate the exclusive high-
K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic nature of the Goonumbla and Wombin Volcanics, which both comprise
basaltic trachyandesites to trachytes. These packages also follow near identical fractionation trends. In
contrast, the Nelungaloo Volcanics comprise basalts to andesites and trachyandesites with distinctly lower
K2O, Na2O and Al2O3 and higher overall Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2 and V concentrations; these define subtly different
fractionation trends.
Intrusions within each volcanic package follow the same fractionation trends and REE profiles as the host
volcanics, suggesting they were broadly comagmatic. REE profiles for all the volcanic packages (Fig. 2.13)
lack Eu anomalies, suggesting limited plagioclase removal, and only the Wombin Volcanics begin to show
a trough-shaped depletion in the middle REE indicative of minor fractionation of hornblende from the
magma prior to eruption or emplacement.
Nearly all fractionation trends are smooth and demonstrate compatible behaviour of Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Ti, V
and Sr, likely driven by the continual fractional crystallisation of pyroxene and magnetite which are
common phases in all the volcanic rocks (Fig. 2.12). Plagioclase phenocrysts are also ubiquitous, but the
lack of Eu anomalies and mostly incompatible behaviour of Na suggests it was not significantly
fractionated, and must have crystallised late in the sequence. Notably, fractionation trends in Al2O3 are
poorly developed except for the Goonumbla volcanic rocks; these initially show increasing Al2O3 until SiO2
≈ 56%, followed by slight depletion with increasing silica (Fig. 2.12d). The constant decrease in P2O5 with
increasing silica (Fig. 2.12g) indicates accessory apatite crystallisation throughout. Zr and U demonstrate
continual incompatible behaviour in all rocks, except some Wombin intrusions which trend toward lower
Zr concentrations in the most silicic samples (Fig. 2.12n). This feature is more prominent in the Northparkes
magmatic rocks.
The trachyandesites are the most primitive rocks, although, for the majority of elements, they plot broadly
along the same fractionation trends as the Goonumbla and Wombin Volcanics (Fig. 2.12); REE profiles for
the trachyandesites are most similar to the Goonumbla Volcanics (Fig. 2.13). The trachyandesites thus
represent potential parental magmas for the entire magmatic suite present in the district.
34
Fig. 2.12 – The major, minor and selected trace element geochemistry of country rock volcanics, as described in section
2.4.1 and indicated in the legend. (a) total alkali vs. silica classification, TB = trachybasalt, BTA = basaltic trachyandesite,
TA = trachyandesite, TR = trachyte, fields after Le Maitre et al. (1989); (b-o) Harker variation plots for elements as indicated,
division of subalkalic rocks in (b) is after the summary of Rickwood (1989). Note 227 available analyses are plotted on (a-j),
numbers of available analyses for plots (k-o) is variable and shown separately as n = x; 2 outliers plot off the scale of (k) and
(o), 1 off the scale of (n). Trachyandesites are shown separately as they occur in both the Goonumbla and Wombin
Volcanics.
35
Fig. 2.13 – N-MORB normalised REE
plots for (a-b) country rock volcanic
packages and (d) trachyandesites;
number of samples shown as n = x.
Normalising values from Sun and
McDonough (1989).
2.5.2 Northparkes magmatic rocks

TAS classification (Fig. 2.14a) shows the suite encompasses monzodiorite through to syenite and granite,
with an almost exclusively shoshonitic affinity (Fig. 2.14b). All samples, regardless of the type or intensity
of any hydrothermal alteration developed, follow the expected fractionation trajectory for K and Na, and
there is no systematic spread toward highly elevated K and/or Na concentrations. Thus, the classification
as shoshonitic does not appear to be influenced by any potassically-altered samples.
Generally, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, P2O5, MgO, MnO, TiO2, Eu, V and Sr demonstrate compatible behaviour with
increasing silica, in agreement with continual fractional crystallisation of plagioclase, biotite, magnetite,
apatite and minor pyroxene and hornblende (Fig. 2.14). Some samples, primarily of the BQM, are markedly
enriched in MnO and plot above the well-defined fractionation trend illustrated by the majority of the data
(Fig. 2.14i). This feature is accounted for by the fact that these samples are propylitically-altered, and are
located within the whole rock Mn-Zn halo that surrounds the E48 deposit. However, these samples are not
obviously anomalous in other elements, hence they are retained in the database.
Evolution of the magmatic system is bimodal, with two distinct fractionation trends apparent in Figure
2.14. Initial emplacement and crystallisation of the BQM-AFG pluton defines the first ‘barren’ fractionation
series, reaching values of SiO2 ≈ 66% and in which all HFSE behave incompatibly (e.g. Fig. 2.14n-q).
Subsequent QMZ intrusions appear to have more primitive compositions, at SiO2 ≈ 58%, defining the start
of a second ‘fertile’ fractionation trend toward the K-feldspar-rich QMP intrusions, which ultimately reach
SiO2 ≈ 74%. By comparison, this second series exhibits lower MnO, P2O5, TiO2 and Eu, along with slightly
higher Sr concentrations for any given silica content. There is also a highly distinctive, progressive
36
depletion in all HFSE with increasing evolution (e.g. Fig. 2.14n-q); a feature not observed in the BQM-AFG
series, in which HFSE behave incompatibly. Some BQM samples do however lie upon this trend for U, Ho
and Yb, and comparable Zr depletion is apparent in Wombin intrusions (Fig. 2.12n).
In terms of the REE, evolution from the BQM-AFG pluton, through the QMZ, to the QMP bodies is
characterised by a systematic lowering in the absolute abundance of all REE (c.f. Fig. 2.15a-e) and an
increasing upward inflection in the HREE (Er, Yb, Lu). This is most pronounced in the most REE-depleted,
ore-associated, K-feldspar-rich QMP samples, which also start to display positive Eu anomalies (Fig. 2.15e).
Perhaps significantly, there is a return to more typical REE levels in the post-mineralisation E34 monzonite
porphyry, and even elimination of the Dy minimum in the Zero porphyries to yield REE patterns very much
like the majority of the volcanic rocks (c.f. Figs. 2.13, 2.15).
Such depletion trends in REE and HFSE could perhaps be a result of zircon fractionation, within which the
concentration of REE is highest in the most felsic, volatile-rich environments (e.g. Belousova et al., 2002).
Modelling by Lickfold (2002) demonstrated that the depletion in REE cannot be reproduced by simple
fractionation of other REE-rich phases (e.g. apatite, titanite) from a BQM-type melt. However, this study
assumed that the parental magma was of BQM composition, when in fact it may have been far more
primitive. The trends could also arise by loss of REE and HFSE during aqueous phase separation (Lickfold et
al., 2007), but it seems unlikely this process would not preferentially fractionate certain elements. It is
known that all the REE, excluding Eu, remained immobile throughout hydrothermal alteration at
Northparkes, and that HFSE were also not significantly mobilised (Chapter 3). Therefore, alternatively, such
uniform reduction in the concentration of immobile elements could simply reflect dilution by mass gain
during alteration. Notably though, bulk addition of other components, besides quartz, must take place, as
the trends do not plot on a trajectory towards zero concentration at 100% SiO2 (Fig. 2.14n-q).
REE profiles for all Northparkes intrusive phases, except the Mafic Zero and basaltic dykes, show
preferential depletion in the middle REE (Fig. 2.15), signifying minor hornblende fractionation from the
parental magma. This feature is also observed in samples of the Wombin Volcanic group, which the
Northparkes intrusions effectively form part of, and attests to relatively more hydrous magmatic conditions
in comparison to the Goonumbla and Nelungaloo Volcanics. BQM samples may exhibit positive or, more
rarely, weak negative Eu anomalies, probably depending on crowding or dispersion of plagioclase
phenocrysts (Fig. 2.15a). The AFG always displays a negative Eu anomaly consistent with plagioclase
fractionation (Fig. 2.15b).
The Mafic Zero monzonite porphyry reflects a return to more mafic compositions, with SiO2 ≈ 48%. Its
composition contrasts markedly with the more evolved Zero and E34 monzonite porphyries (Figs. 2.14,
2.15e). The latter two both plot upon the same fractionation series as the QMZ and QMP bodies, suggesting
they are related. The last stage of magmatic activity, represented by the basaltic dykes, is the most primitive
and samples display the flattest REE profiles, with no evidence of crystal fractionation (Fig. 2.15f).
37
Fig. 2.14 – The major, minor and selected trace element geochemistry of Northparkes magmatic rocks, as described in
section 2.4.2 and indicated in the legend; BQM = biotite quartz monzonite, AFG = alkali feldspar granite, QMZ = quartz
monzonite, QMP = quartz monzonite porphyry. (a) total alkali vs. silica classification, AB = alkali basalt, MG =
monzogabbro, MD = monzodiorite, GD = gabbroic diorite, MO = monzonite, QM = quartz monzonite, fields after
Middlemost (1994); (b-q) Harker variation plots for elements as shown, division of subalkalic rocks in (b) is after summary
of Rickwood (1989). Note 230 available analyses are plotted on (a-j), numbers of available analyses for plots (k-q) is variable
and shown separately as n = x; 1 outlier plots off the scale of (n).
38
Fig. 2.15 – N-MORB normalised REE plots for Northparkes magmatic rocks as shown and presented from (a) to (f) in order
of emplacement; number of samples shown as n = x. Normalising values from Sun and McDonough (1989).
2.6 A LTERATION AND VEINING

Eight diamond drillholes, totalling ~8 km, were selected to provide broadly lateral traverses away from the
central ore zone into distal propylitic alteration at the E26 and E48 deposits (Figs. 2.4 to 2.6). Detailed
logging of the lithology and alteration mineralogy through these holes (Figs. 2.16, 2.17 and Appendix B)
defined three principal alteration facies that occur as largely concentric zones around each deposit/QMP
complex. These comprise: 1) innermost K-feldspar alteration; 2) a shell of magnetite ± biotite alteration;
and 3) outermost propylitic alteration (Figs. 2.5, 2.6).
There is no significant overprinting of the distal alteration assemblages onto the centre of the systems.
However, sericitic alteration may patchily overprint such zones and also occurs in association with
particular vein types. Hematitic reddening of the rock is a further weak alteration type developed
throughout. In all cases, the extent, intensity and appearance of each alteration facies is controlled by the
reactivity, permeability and vein density in the host lithology. Argillic alteration is not observed at
Northparkes, but a small outcrop of advanced argillic alteration is located nearby at the Nash’s Hill prospect
(Fig. 2.3) and potentially represents the remains of a previous lithocap.
The characteristics and broad paragenesis of each alteration facies, together with the veins that occur
within them, are summarised together; veins that traverse alteration zones are discussed separately. The
spatial relationships between veins and alteration zones are illustrated in Figure 2.18.
39
Fig. 2.16 – Lithology and alteration logs for selected diamond drillholes around E26, depth in metres from collar; drillhole
positions shown on Figures 2.4 and 2.5. The division of alteration zones is based on the logged mineralogy. Lithological
codes: AFG = alkali feldspar granite; AND = trachyandesite; BQM = biotite quartz monzonite; CON = volcanic
conglomerate; HBX = hydrothermal breccia (veins and pebble dykes); IBX = intrusion cemented breccias; MPOR =
monzonite porphyry; MZO = Mafic Zero monzonite porphyry; QMP = quartz monzonite porphyry; QMZ = quartz
monzonite; SST = volcanic sandstone; TBX = autoclastic trachyte breccia; TR = trachyte; TRS = trachytic sill; TVB = trachytic
volcanic breccia/ignimbrite; ZRO = Zero monzonite porphyry.
40
Fig. 2.17 – Lithology and alteration
logs for selected diamond drillholes
around E48, including E34, depth in
metres from collar; drillhole positions
are shown on Figures 2.4 and 2.6. All
details as defined in Figure 2.16.
Alteration zones indicated where
appropriate; sericitic alteration at the
base of E48D134 is part of the sericite-
albite-quartz-alunite ± chlorite
overprint to the core of E48. Note
remaining sericitic alteration is
spatially associated with faults.
41
2.6.1 Hematite reddening
Hematitic reddening is a result of <1 μm hematite inclusions developed within micro to nanoscale
pores/cavities in both K-feldspar and plagioclase (Putnis et al., 2007; this study). Three distinct types of this
‘hematite dusting’ are recognised based on associated alteration minerals, relationship to veins and spatial
extent.
The earliest and most widespread hematite reddening phase exclusively affects intrusive rocks and K-
feldspar-rich volcanic units, imparting a brick-red hue (Fig. 2.9c,e,h,i); only patches of BQM and pre-
mineralisation monzodiorite are unaffected (Fig. 2.9a,b). It is typically weak, but exceptionally pervasive
and is accompanied by weak, selective sericitisation of plagioclase and chloritisation of mafic minerals.
With increasing intensity, plagioclase is further sericitised and reddened, giving a brown appearance (Fig.
2.9d,f). This reddening shows no clear relationship to any specific veins, and intervals of uniform alteration
may be encountered that lack macroscopic veins.
Minor, secondary, but strong and selective, hematite dusting of plagioclase in intrusive rocks is also
observed in the outer portions of sericitic halos developed around faults and base metal veins (Fig. 2.21b).
The most intense hematite reddening is associated with propylitic alteration. This imparts a characteristic
bright, cherry-red colouration to pre-existing K-feldspar around propylitic veins (e.g. Fig. 2.20l). Secondary
Fig. 2.18 – Schematic diagram illustrating the spatial distribution of vein types, as well as their relationship to each other,
major alteration facies and QMP intrusions at Northparkes. The vein density shown approximates the relative changes
observed. Veins and alteration facies are as described in section 2.6. Veins associated with particular alteration facies are
mostly spatially restricted to that zone, and are numbered with respect to their paragenesis within it, e.g. K1 to K3 for
potassic veins. The latest gypsum-anhydrite veins and calcite veins are omitted. Note the barren quartz veins, sericitic veins
and anhydrite-quartz veins are not necessarily present in all the Northparkes deposits.
42
albite formed in the outer halo of such veins is also consistently hematite reddened and occurs in all host
lithologies (Fig. 2.20). Pervasive propylitic alteration of intrusive rocks is further associated with additional
hematite dusting of feldspars, which may produce dark brownish-red plagioclase (Fig. 2.20e).
2.6.2 K-feldspar alteration and associated veins

The centre of each QMP intrusive complex is characterised by potassium silicate-dominated alteration that
encloses the ore zone and comprises K-feldspar-biotite ± bornite ± chalcopyrite ± magnetite. The alteration
exhibits a clear spatial and temporal relationship to K1, K2 and K3 veins described below (Figs. 2.18, 2.19).
K1: Biotite veinlets

Irregular, often discontinuous veinlets of quartz ± magnetite (<1 to 2 mm wide) are surrounded by a
texturally-destructive biotite halo 3-10 mm wide (Fig. 2.19a). This biotite halo is the most distinctive and
consistent component of the veins, and sometimes the central quartz seam may be absent, giving the
appearance of ‘railroad tracks’. These veins are therefore termed biotite veinlets. They represent the earliest
potassic alteration and are consistently cross cut by all other vein types.
K2: K-feldspar-sulphide veinlets

Fine, irregular and discontinuous quartz-K-feldspar-bornite ± chalcopyrite veinlets (<1.5 mm wide) are
surrounded by 1-3 mm wide K-feldspar alteration halos which bleed out into the surrounding rock; these
veinlets form extensive, intricate networks in the cores of the deposits (Fig. 2.19b-e). At least two
generations are implied at E26 and E48, where they both cut, and are cross cut by, K3 veins.
K3: Quartz-sulphide veins

The principal quartz stockwork of the deposits comprises reasonably straight, quartz-bornite ±
chalcopyrite ± anhydrite veins (Figs. 2.10a, 2.19d-h). These are typically 5-20 mm wide but range between
3 mm and 20 cm. Sulphides are sparsely disseminated throughout the vein or, together with K-feldspar,
may form margin-parallel trails indicative of reopening. Vein margins are sharp but locally undulate and
characteristically show pink K-feldspar alteration halos unless these have been obliterated by later sericitic
overprinting (Fig. 2.19g). At least two generations exist at E26 and E48, where these veins are observed to
cross cut one another.
Quartz-K-feldspar-sulphide veins (K2 and K3) are responsible for ore-grade mineralisation and are
intimately related to large-scale, pervasive alteration. Where these veins are developed in felsic host rocks
(trachytes, ignimbrites and BQM-AFG pluton) the K-feldspar alteration halos are the widest (Fig. 2.19b-d,f).
In areas of particularly high vein density, K-feldspar-quartz alteration floods the surrounding rock, and
irregular patches of biotite and disseminated sulphides are developed throughout this zone of flooding
(Fig. 2.19b,i). In relatively mafic host rocks (e.g. trachyandesites and volcaniclastics), K-feldspar alteration
halos are limited to only a few millimetres wide, and the surrounding rock is pervasively biotite-magnetite
altered (Fig. 2.19e,h), again with disseminated sulphides throughout (c.f. Vry et al., 2010).
43
2.6.3 Magnetite ± biotite alteration and associated veins
With increasing distance from centres of mineralisation, the density of K2 and K3 quartz-K-feldspar-
sulphide veins decreases from hundreds of veins per metre to approximately ten or less per metre. This is
accompanied by a strong decrease in K-feldspar and Cu-sulphides, a minor decrease in biotite, and a
simultaneous increase in the abundance of disseminated magnetite, thus defining a magnetite ± biotite
alteration shell around the deposits (Figs. 2.16, 2.17, 2.18). Although K2 and K3 veins may sparsely persist
into this zone, K1 veins do not (Fig. 2.18). The vein types that are characteristic of this zone are magnetite
veinlets (M1) and magnetite(-chalcopyrite-quartz) veins (M2).
M1: Magnetite veinlets

Minor irregular magnetite-only veinlets (<5 mm wide) are found infrequently throughout the magnetite-
biotite alteration shell where it is developed in mafic volcanic rocks (Figs. 2.18, 2.19h). They are considered
to be early, lateral equivalents of K1 biotite veinlets, and are cross cut by K2 and K3 quartz-K-feldspar-
sulphide veins.
M2: Magnetite veins

Veins, 1-5 cm wide, dominated by magnetite with minor chalcopyrite ± quartz occur rarely within the
magnetite ± biotite alteration shell; their timing is uncertain but the mineralogy suggests they are broadly
synchronous with the magnetite-biotite alteration.
The transition from innermost K-feldspar to magnetite ± biotite alteration typically occurs over 100-200 m.
Host lithology strongly controls the occurrence and appearance of the magnetite ± biotite shell. Within
mafic host rocks it is encountered ~200-300 m laterally from the system centre and comprises intense and
pervasive, fine, disseminated magnetite and biotite that impart a dark grey to black colouration which
obscures original textures (Fig. 2.19h,k). Within felsic rocks, magnetite ± biotite alteration may not be
encountered until ~500 m from the system centre, where it forms disseminated clots of magnetite with
minor biotite around original mafic crystal sites. Minor, weak and selective sericitic alteration of plagioclase
and K-feldspar is also observed (Fig. 2.19j).
Further biotite-magnetite is weakly, but pervasively, developed within mafic volcanic rocks adjacent to the
BQM-AFG pluton, effectively forming a contact metamorphic aureole. This assemblage shows no
relationship to veins and may be strongly overprinted by propylitic alteration.
44
Fig. 2.19 – Examples of potassium silicate alteration and principal associated vein types described in sections 2.6.2-2.6.3;
all scale bars = 1 cm. (a) K1 quartz veinlet with biotite halo developed in trachyte, E48D134/857 m; (b) network of K2 quartz-
K-feldspar-bornite veinlets surrounded by K-feldspar alteration halos and biotite spots within trachytic ignimbrite,
E26D459/5 m; (c) as for (b) but developed in trachyte and lacking biotite spots, E48D134/875 m; (d) K3 quartz-anhydrite-
chalcopyrite vein with strong K-feldspar alteration halo in trachytic ignimbrite, E26D460/41 m; (e) K3 quartz-bornite ±
chalcopyrite stockwork cutting K-feldspar veinlets (K2) in biotite altered trachyandesite, E48D163/~400 m; (f) two
generations of quartz-bornite (K3) veins in K-feldspar-rich QMP, note increased width of K-feldspar alteration halos
compared to (e), E48D134/92 m; (g) original stockwork of K3 veins in AFG, pervasively overprinted by sericite-albite-quartz-
alunite alteration; E48D134/~900 m; (h) K3 vein with thin K-feldspar halo cutting irregular magnetite veinlet in magnetite-
biotite altered trachyandesite, E48D134/657 m; (i) intense potassium silicate alteration of BQM in the centre of E26,
comprising biotite patches and surrounding K-feldspar flooding, E26D507/1070 m; (j) magnetite-biotite clots in BQM,
surrounded by weak K-feldspar alteration of groundmass and sericitic clouding of plagioclase, typical appearance of BQM
within the magnetite-biotite alteration shell, E26D507/735 m; (k) examples showing the effect of fine disseminated
magnetite-biotite alteration on original trachytic ignimbrite, from least altered (top) to most altered (bottom), E26SD107,
498-545 m.
45
2.6.4 Propylitic alteration and associated veins
With continued distance from centres of mineralisation, disseminated specks of epidote and chlorite begin
to occur within high permeability volcanic units in the outer parts of the magnetite-biotite alteration shell.
Within relatively impermeable, intrusive rocks, epidote and chlorite first occur as selective replacement
minerals, developed in and around mafic crystal sites. Eventually, epidote veinlets (P3) are encountered
and followed, with increasing vein density, by larger epidote-chlorite-albite (P2) and chlorite-quartz-
epidote-albite (P1) veins (Fig. 2.18; see vein descriptions below). These are accompanied by further
development of disseminated epidote, chlorite, pyrite and hematite-reddened albite which together
define the propylitic alteration zone. Rare actinolite has also been reported from the innermost part of the
propylitic alteration zone at E27 (J. Hoye, 2015, pers. comm.). Formation of epidote and chlorite resulted in
the destruction of magnetite and biotite, present both as primary igneous phases and within the hornfels
around the BQM-AFG pluton. Similarly, the abundance of magnetite-biotite alteration decreases into the
propylitic alteration halo. The transition between magnetite-biotite and propylitic alteration zones
typically occurs over 100-200 m. In the Northparkes area, propylitic alteration is the most widespread facies,
extending 2-3 km from mineralised centres, but is generally most intense at distances of 1-1.5 km.
Propylitic alteration is most pervasive within mafic volcanic and volcaniclastic lithologies, probably as a
result of their intrinsic elevated permeability and relatively high Fe, Mg and Ca contents (e.g. Fig. 2.20a-d).
Fluid flow was clearly controlled by both fractures and intergranular permeability within the volcano-
sedimentary packages (Fig. 2.20b), with propylitic alteration being strongest in regions of high vein density
and in the most permeable, coarse grained units, following and highlighting original bedding and
laminations (Fig. 2.8e-g). Alteration mineral grain size is generally related to that of the original rock
components that have been replaced, although distinct clots of epidote ± quartz ± chlorite may also be
formed (Fig. 2.20c-d).
In all competent, relatively low permeability igneous rocks, propylitic alteration is distinctly more
heterogeneous, with alteration fluids preferentially focused through fractures. Intense alteration is only
observed within and around large veins (mostly P1) or in zones of high vein density (mostly P2), grading
out into moderate to weak alteration associated with numerous epidote veinlets (mostly P3; Fig. 2.18).
Chlorite ± epidote replacement of original mafic minerals and albite-hematite replacement of plagioclase
are the features noted furthest from veins (Fig. 2.20e,l,u). Between propylitic domains, rocks containing
relict magnetite with just mild hematite reddening may be preserved.
Propylitic alteration is most weakly developed in the AFG, trachytes and trachytic ignimbrites, probably
owing to the abundance of relatively unreactive K-feldspar (Fig. 2.20f). Nonetheless, epidote-dominated
veins (P2 and P3) do occur in these units and plagioclase, biotite or mafic phenocrysts are selectively
propylitically-altered whenever they are present.
46
P1: Chlorite-quartz-epidote-albite veins
Complex veins comprising central infills of chlorite-quartz-pyrite ± calcite ± hematite (dark red) ± epidote
± rare chalcopyrite are characteristically surrounded by pervasive and intense alteration halos with a
distinct mineralogical zonation (Fig. 2.20g-l). The vein-proximal assemblage consists of chlorite and sericite
(phengitic) ± epidote ± pyrite; this grades outwards to hematite-sericite-chlorite ± epidote and, eventually,
to hematite-albite ± chlorite ± epidote. Plagioclase and biotite in the proximal halo are usually selectively
replaced by near pure chlorite, with an intergrowth of phengite-chlorite grains (≤10 μm) replacing all other
minerals, including K-feldspar. Plagioclase in the outermost halo is replaced by albite, which is hematite
reddened along with original K-feldspar; biotite is still chloritised. These mineralogical transformations
imply at least some metasomatic addition of H, Mg and Fe, the latter reaching furthest from the vein.
The veins themselves range from 5 mm to 15 cm wide and are typically sheared, with margin-parallel traces
of hematite and/or pyrite providing evidence of reopening. The original vein fill appears limited to quartz-
chlorite ± pyrite, with the majority of calcite and hematite precipitated later. Corresponding vein halos are
particularly large, with alteration extending 4 cm to >4 m either side of the centre, in proportion to the
width of the vein fill (Fig. 2.20l). These features suggest prolonged flow of fluid in strong disequilibrium
with the wall rock.
P2: Epidote-chlorite-albite veins

The most abundant propylitic veins (Fig. 2.20m-r) are typically straight and contain a central fill, 2-20 mm
wide, of epidote-chlorite ± calcite ± quartz ± pyrite. When present, quartz-calcite-pyrite form an interstitial
cement to epidote crystals, which are interspersed with occasional chlorite and occur along the vein edges,
growing inwards from each margin (Fig. 2.20r). Epidote may also locally pervade a few millimetres into the
wall rock, making the margin appear indistinct. Surrounding these veins is a characteristically zoned
alteration halo with three main sub-divisions (Fig. 2.20m-p). Vein-proximal alteration consists of intense
chlorite and sericite (phengite), often with minor epidote and pyrite, as described for P1 veins. This grades
out into a middle envelope, rich in epidote, that is present either as a distinct vein-parallel layer or series of
patches. Vein-distal alteration is dominated by albite which, along with relict K-feldspar, is markedly
hematite reddened; minor patches of chlorite and epidote alteration also persist. Alteration intensity then
gradually decreases back into weak but pervasive ‘background’ propylitic alteration. The alteration halo of
these veins extends for 3-20 cm either side of the vein centre, again depending on vein width.
P3: Epidote veinlets

Fine (~1 mm wide), erratic and often discontinuous epidote ± chlorite ± pyrite veinlets are found
throughout the propylitic zone, particularly within igneous rocks where they may be the only observable
evidence of fluid migration in areas of moderate-weak propylitic alteration. Epidote typically infiltrates
from the veinlet into the surrounding wall rocks, especially where plagioclase crystals are intersected,
producing a highly irregular, blebby margin (Fig. 2.20s-u). Alteration halos, typically 1-2 cm wide, are
developed around these veinlets, characterised by hematite reddening of any pre-existing feldspar and
selective replacement of plagioclase and biotite by epidote and chlorite respectively.
47
48
Fig. 2.20, opposite – Examples of propylitic alteration and principal vein types described in section 2.6.4; all scale bars = 1
cm. (a) volcanic sandstone with epidote and/or chlorite spots developed around favourable clasts, in chloritised matrix
with disseminated pyrite, E48D134/413 m; (b) P3 epidote veinlet cutting a siltstone bed in volcanic sandstone, clearly fluid
was forced away from the vein at the contact, E48D134/445 m; (c-d) epidote-quartz patches: (c) with weak hematite
reddened albite halos in volcanic sandstone, E48D134/239 m, (d) surrounded by chlorite halos developed in trachyandesite,
GD654/483 m; (e) pervasive alteration of BQM with selective hematite-sericite (phengitic) alteration of plagioclase and
epidote-chlorite replacement of biotite, E26D361/141 m; (f) epidote veinlet (P3) cutting BQM-AFG contact, note more
extensive epidote-chlorite alteration in more mafic, reactive, BQM, E48D147/488 m; (g-k) P1 veins with zoned alteration
halos described in text: (g) in trachyandesite, E34D3/644 m, (h) in AFG with central chalcopyrite, E26D460/787 m, (i) in BQM,
E48D147/473 m, (j) in trachyandesite, E34D3/332 m, (k) truncated by E34 monzonite porphyry, E34D3/759 m; (l) examples
of large scale alteration associated with P1 veins in BQM, left = chlorite-quartz-calcite-hematite-pyrite vein centre, middle
left = vein-proximal chlorite-sericite (phengitic)-quartz-epidote alteration, middle right = hematite-sericite-chlorite
alteration, particularly turning plagioclase dark brown, right = most vein-distal hematite reddening of pre-existing K-
feldspar with minor albitisation of plagioclase and chlorite-epidote developed around original biotite, E48D147, 499-782
m; (m-r) P2 veins with distinct zoned chlorite-epidote-albite-hematite halos described in text: (m) in BQM, E48D147/630 m,
(n) in BQM, E34D3/945 m, (o) in fine volcanic sandstone, E34D3/1216 m, (p) halo in BQM showing transition from total
chlorite to epidote alteration, E34D3/1133 m, (q) rare anhydrite and K-feldspar in vein centre, E34D3/~1216 m, (r) inwards
growth of epidote from vein margins into quartz, re-fractured by calcite and fringed by chlorite-pyrite-epidote, in
trachyandesite, GD654/297 m; (s-u) P3 epidote veinlets with irregular blebby margins fringed by hematite reddened albite:
(s) in trachyandesite, E48D134/216 m, (t) in volcanic conglomerate, E26D361/739 m, (u) in BQM, E48D147/775 m; (v) pebble
dyke containing epidote fragments and truncating epidote veinlet (P3), GD654/346 m; (w) epidote-albite-hematite
alteration occurring within, and radiating from, a pebble dyke, unknown drillhole.
Vein relationships and timing

Propylitic veins exhibit a consistent spatial relationship to one another. The largest and rarest P1 (chlorite-
quartz-epidote-albite) veins are typically surrounded by zones in which P2 (epidote-chlorite-albite) veins
dominate. The P2 veins have compositional characteristics that are essentially intermediate between P1
and P3 veinlets, and are routinely enclosed by areas rich in P3 epidote veinlets (Fig. 2.18). Thus, the vein
types appear to be related and are interpreted to represent a continuum reflecting the flux of fluid that
passes through a given part of a fracture network. Although all propylitic veins appear broadly
synchronous, it is noted that some P1 and P2 veins may cut P3 veinlets, suggesting the latter form at the
onset of fluid flow until its cessation.
The occurrence and intensity of all observed propylitic alteration is directly controlled by three factors: 1)
distance from mineralised centres; 2) the extent of fluid flow, controlled by host rock permeability,
lithological contacts and the abundance of microfractures through to large fracture/fault zones; 3) host
rock composition/reactivity. There is no observable correlation between the intensity and/or occurrence
of propylitic alteration with the BQM-AFG pluton.
Country rock xenoliths within the BQM and AFG show no signs of previous alteration. In contrast, xenoliths
within QMP units frequently show evidence of prior biotite-magnetite and, in the latest QMP units, K-
feldspar-sulphide alteration-mineralisation in the form of truncated veins. Fragments of P1 and P2 veins
and propylitically-altered rocks are found within both post-mineralisation monzonite porphyries and
pebble dykes (Figs. 2.11g, 2.20k,v). Base metal veins (section 2.6.6) also cut through and reopen P1 veins
(Fig. 2.22c,d), and are themselves included as fragments within the pebble dykes.
49
These observations are consistent with the bulk of propylitic alteration forming during mineralisation as
the distal equivalent to the central potassic zones, driven by the focused release of magmatic fluid through
the QMP intrusions. A close relationship to mineralisation is again indicated by the rare presence of
chalcopyrite, K-feldspar and, at E26, anhydrite within P2 veins (Fig. 2.20q). Nonetheless, some late stage,
relatively weak propylitic alteration, mainly limited to disseminations around P3 veinlets, must have taken
place after mineralisation occurring, as it does, within post-mineralisation monzonite porphyries and
exploiting pebble dykes (Fig. 2.20w).
Regional metamorphism vs. propylitic mineral assemblages

The Northparkes propylitic alteration halo is visually distinct from the surrounding low-grade, regional
metamorphic assemblage. The latter is dominated by chlorite but frequently contains prehnite,
pumpellyite and zeolites; albite may be formed but no feldspars are hematite reddened and no pyrite is
present. In comparison to propylitic alteration, metamorphic epidote is fine grained (usually only 10-30
μm) and uncommon. Also, despite being exceptionally pervasive, development of the metamorphic
assemblage shows no clear link to fractures or veins which are relatively rare. When encountered, veins are
typically only a few millimetres wide, are composed of calcite with lesser epidote and lack distinct alteration
halos, indicating near fluid-rock equilibrium.
2.6.5 Sericitic alteration

Several distinct sericite-dominant alteration facies can be recognised at Northparkes. Perhaps the most
common is locally developed around late- to post-mineralisation faults, often comprising total, but
texturally enhancing, replacement by variously coloured assemblages of sericite-quartz ± pyrite (Fig. 2.21a-
b). However, more distinctive are the pervasive and texturally-destructive regions of characteristically
white sericite-albite-quartz-alunite ± chlorite alteration that overprint the potassic core of E48 (Fig. 2.19g),
and have been encountered at GRP314 (Wolfe, 1994; Hendrawan, 2011a). This alteration is most extensive
at depth within favourable felsic lithologies, particularly the BQM-AFG pluton, and contains tennantite as
a major Cu-bearing phase. Wolfe (1996) demonstrated a magmatic fluid origin for this alteration at E48.
Sericitic alteration is also a defining characteristic of the sericitic veins described in section 2.6.6.
2.6.6 Veins that transect alteration zones
Barren quartz veins

Two generations of sharp, straight-walled, quartz-only veins (5-30 mm wide) occur in a low-density barren
stockwork at 1.2 km depth, ~600 m east of E26 (e.g. Fig. 2.18); vein halos consist only of hematite reddening
of feldspars. The source and significance of these veins is unknown. Timing is also poorly constrained, but
they are probably pre- to early- mineralisation, given that they are both overprinted and reopened by P3
epidote veinlets, and cut by the base metal veins. Wolfe (1994) reported similar veins at depth below E48.
50
Sericitic veins
Within and around E26 and GRP314, sericitic alteration is localised around a distinct set of veins that are
usually straight and often sheeted. Vein centres are typically thin (<1 mm to 20 mm wide) and comprise
quartz and/or anhydrite ± pyrite ± chalcopyrite ± molybdenite ± magnetite. These are enclosed by
proportionally much wider (1 to 150 cm respectively), well-developed and notably zoned alteration halos
(Fig. 2.21c-o).
Vein-proximal alteration always consists of intense, pervasive and texturally-destructive grey quartz-
sericite-pyrite ± molybdenite, and vein intersections may be associated with large domains of such
alteration. These zones are enveloped by an outer fringe of variable mineralogy. At E26, this vein-distal
assemblage progressively changes from a well-developed K-feldspar and biotite assemblage (Fig. 2.21c-e)
near the centre of the deposit, to small biotite spots that die out with distance (between ~150-300 m; Fig.
2.21f-g). With still increasing distance, between ~300-600 m, chlorite is developed instead (Fig. 2.21h-l) and
is accompanied by epidote at >600 m (Fig. 2.21m-o). The width of the sericitic veins and associated
alteration halos also generally decreases to <5 mm and 2-3 cm respectively with progression away from
E26.
At least two generations of sericitic veins exist. These can cut one another and may either cut, or be cut by,
K-feldspar veinlets (K2), quartz-sulphide veins (K3) and epidote veinlets (P3). This implies a temporal
overlap between the sericitic veins and mineralising magmatic-hydrothermal activity. A magmatic origin
for the sericitic alteration halo of these veins around E26 was also established by Harris and Golding (2002).
51
Fig. 2.21 – Examples of sericitic alteration and sericitic veins described in sections 2.6.5-2.6.6; all scale bars = 1 cm. (a-b)
pervasive quartz-sericite ± pyrite alteration of BQM-AFG pluton around faults and base metal veins, hematite reddening of
plagioclase in (b) often occurs on the periphery of these alteration zones; (a) E34D3/574 m, (b) E48, unknown drillhole;
(c-o) sericitic veins with quartz and/or anhydrite centres and zoned alteration halos, quartz-sericite ± pyrite alteration is
consistently developed proximal to the vein, but the distal assemblage is variable. Generally, samples closest to E26 (c-e)
show outermost K-feldspar ± biotite alteration, with increasing distance from the deposit this diminishes (f-g) and weak (h-
i) to ultimately strong (j-o) chlorite-sericite alteration forms instead, epidote and hematite may also be present (m-o).
Details: (c) in trachytic volcanics with central anhydrite-pyrite, E26D460/319 m, (d) in volcanic conglomerate with central
chalcopyrite-quartz-anhydrite, E26D459/83 m, (e) large example in BQM with central quartz-pyrite-anhydrite and
particularly strong outer K-feldspar-biotite development, E26D507/1070 m, (f) in volcanic conglomerate with anhydrite-
chalcopyrite-pyrite centre, E26D459/5 m, (g) in BQM with central anhydrite-chalcopyrite, E26D507/1197 m, (h) in BQM,
E26D507/314 m, (i) in BQM with pyrite-anhydrite-quartz centre, E26D507/643 m, (j) in BQM with anhydrite centre,
E26D507/630 m, (k) in BQM with quartz-anhydrite centre, cut by gypsum-anhydrite veins, E26D507/362 m, (l) in BQM with
highly irregular halo and quartz-anhydrite centre, E26D507/372 m, (m) in BQM with anhydrite-quartz-pyrite centre and
fine epidote in outermost halo, E26D507/385 m, (n) in BQM with distinct green epidote in outer hematite reddened halo
(magnified in inset), centre reopened by gypsum-anhydrite vein, E26D507/385 m, (o) close up view of epidote-chlorite in
outer halo, E26D507/463 m.
52
Base metal veins
Quartz-calcite ± anhydrite veins, usually <1-10 cm wide, containing visible pyrite, sphalerite and
chalcopyrite with minor galena, bornite and molybdenite are present within the core and periphery of all
Northparkes deposits, but are most abundant in relatively distal locations (Fig. 2.22a-d). Veins are often
internally zoned from pyrite-quartz-dominant margins to sphalerite-chalcopyrite-dominant centres and
are surrounded by pervasive, texturally-destructive quartz-sericite ± pyrite ± chlorite alteration halos
extending ~0.3-2 m either side. Sphalerite shows a characteristic internal zonation from low-Fe, light
honey-brown cores to black, high-Fe rims (Fig. 2.22b-d).
These veins often reactivate earlier sericitic veins and P1 propylitic veins (Figs. 2.18, 2.22c,d), but are in turn
cut by later gypsum-anhydrite veins (Fig. 2.22a,d). Although clearly late-mineralisation in timing, the exact
origin of the base metal veins remains poorly constrained; however, the occurrence of sphalerite in some
anhydrite-quartz veins (Fig. 2.22o), and a lack of cross cutting relationships between these vein sets,
perhaps suggests they are related.
Anhydrite-quartz veins
Veins, 1-30 cm wide, of dark purple anhydrite, or gypsum, and quartz (occasionally with comb growth
textures) ± pyrite ± chalcopyrite ± magnetite ± sphalerite, are found around and within the central
intrusive complex at E26 and GRP314 (Fig. 2.18). Immediately adjacent to QMP intrusions these may be
surrounded by strong K-feldspar-biotite alteration and contain limited sulphides (Fig. 2.22i,j). Irregular
segregations of purple anhydrite in aplitic, late-mineralisation, K-feldspar-rich QMP intrusions, with
surrounding intense K-feldspar-biotite alteration (Figs. 2.11b, 2.22e-h), are probably related to these veins.
More distally, the anhydrite-quartz veins display quartz-sericite halos and contain chalcopyrite, pyrite,
magnetite and rare sphalerite (Fig. 2.22l-p). The majority of the anhydrite-quartz veins occur adjacent to,
or within, sericitic veins, which they reopen and regularly brecciate (Fig. 2.22k-n).
Gypsum-anhydrite veins
Barren, pale pink to light purple anhydrite veins (± rare pyrite), <1-50 cm wide, and lacking alteration halos
are also developed around E26 and GRP314 (Fig. 2.22p-r). The anhydrite is frequently hydrated to
distinctive, fibrous gypsum (Figs. 2.21k, 2.22r). Such veins are most frequently observed cutting, or more
rarely reopening, sericitic veins (Fig. 2.22q), anhydrite-quartz veins and base metal veins (Fig. 2.22a). P3
epidote veinlets are consistently truncated (Fig. 2.22r).
Calcite veins
Veins of only calcite ± rare quartz consistently occur along planes of weakness and are particularly common
within the centre of the base metal veins (Fig. 2.22b) and anhydrite-quartz veins, recording a final stage of
reopening. The calcite often displays central, crystal-lined vugs, comb textures and may also cement
brecciated fragments of previous vein material. These are the latest vein generation recognised at
Northparkes.
53
Fig. 2.22 – Examples of the base metal, anhydrite-quartz, gypsum-anhydrite and calcite veins, along with anhydrite
occurrences, as described in section 2.6.6; all scale bars = 1 cm. (a-d) quartz-sphalerite base metal veins: (a) with
chalcopyrite, brecciated by a later barren anhydrite-gypsum, E26D460/924 m; (b) typical appearance, with pyrite in
brecciated quartz, cemented by late barren calcite, E26D361/643 m, (c) reopening a P1 propylitic vein, E48D147/501 m, (d)
with chalcopyrite, reopening the chlorite-sericite core of a P1 vein and cut by a gypsum-anhydrite veinlet, E48D147/729 m;
(e-g) irregular anhydrite patches within QMP bodies and surrounded by K-feldspar-biotite alteration: (e) intergrown with
aplitic QMP, E26D507/1172 m, (f) appearing almost fracture controlled, E26D507/1164 m, (g) intergrown with bladed
biotite, E26D544/446 m; (h) anhydrite appearing to form a breccia cement within K-feldspar-biotite altered BQM, likely
recording fluid escape, E26D510/178 m; (i-j) anhydrite-quartz veins with strong surrounding K-feldspar-biotite alteration:
(i) in trachytic ignimbrite, E26D459/95 m, (j) showing comb quartz growth, in BQM, E26D507/1128 m; (k-o) anhydrite-
quartz veins with limited sericitic halos: (k) with pyrite and chalcopyrite, brecciating and reopening a sericitic vein,
E26D460/237 m, (l) with pyrite and chalcopyrite, cutting the strongly quartz-sericite-pyrite altered halo of a sericitic vein,
still, a weak secondary sericite-quartz halo can be observed, E26D460/304 m, (m) with molybdenite and chalcopyrite
cementing brecciated quartz-sericite altered fragments of a large sericitic vein, the fragments contain most of the
molybdenite and are probably the source of molybdenum in the anhydrite, E26D460/240 m, (n) with sphalerite and pyrite,
formed along a reopened sericitic vein and cut by a gypsum-anhydrite vein, E26D507/364 m, (o) with sphalerite,
chalcopyrite, pyrite and anhydrite, E26D507/461 m; (p-r) barren anhydrite-gypsum veins: (p) sheared alongside earlier
purple anhydrite-quartz vein, all in the centre of a sericitic vein, E26D507/893 m, (q) as cement to a brecciated sericitic vein,
E26D459/559 m, (r) cutting P3 epidote veinlets in BQM, E26D507/276 m.
54
2.7 G EOCHRONOLOGY
Radiometric dating studies at Northparkes have been relatively limited in number (Fig. 2.23). The age of
mineralisation was first estimated as 439.2 ± 1.2 Ma by Ar/Ar dating of sericite at the E26 deposit,
presumably relating to the sericitic veins (Perkins et al., 1990). Subsequently, Lickfold et al. (2003) provided
further, biotite, Ar/Ar age estimates for the BQM (437.3 ± 2.1 Ma), alteration at E26 (441.3 ± 3.8 Ma), and
biotite-rich QMP intrusions at both E26 (448.6 ± 7.0 Ma) and E22 (446.5 ± 2.6 Ma). However, interpretation
of these results is difficult, as the closure temperature for Ar in biotite is ~300oC and is variable both as a
function of Fe-Mg content and cooling rate (e.g. Harrison et al., 1985). Therefore, at best, such dates reflect
the point in time when samples cooled permanently below this threshold, and thus provide minimum age
constraints. Lickfold et al. (2007) reported two further age estimates based on U-Pb (SHRIMP) dating of
zircon from the BQM at E26 (444.2 ± 4.7 Ma), and from the Zero monzonite porphyry near the E37 prospect
(436.7 ± 3.3 Ma). These intrusions, and therefore dates, effectively bracket the period of mineralisation.
As part of this study, several hydrothermal zircons, intergrown with epidote and chlorite, were identified
in propylitic (P3) veinlets. U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) dating of five such zircon grains yielded an age estimate of
454.3 ± 3.0 Ma for propylitic alteration (Fig. 2.24). Although these samples were collected relatively close
to both the E26 and E48 deposits, they were located most proximal to E48, and did not contain any minor
anhydrite that is often indicative of alteration developed in the E26 system. As such, this date probably
reflects alteration related to the E48 deposit. Similarly, Rb-Sr dating of thirteen epidote separates and ten
whole rock samples, collected from around the E48 deposit, provided an estimate of 450 ± 11 Ma for
associated propylitic alteration (see Chapter 5). Unfortunately, the uncertainty of this Rb-Sr date is relatively
large, and the statistical significance of that date based on only five hydrothermal zircons is limited.
Fig. 2.23 – Summary of geochronological data; listed from bottom to top in relative order of formation. Colour of age bars
corresponds to the dating method. Also shown is the deposition interval of the Billabong Creek Limestone-Gunningbland
Formation, based on the fossil evidence of Pickett and Percival (2001), after the stratigraphy of Percival and Glen (2007).
The Ordovician-Silurian boundary shown is that of Cohen et al. (2013).
55
The age of the host rocks at Northparkes is poorly
constrained (see section 2.2) and no radiometric
dates are available on the volcanic packages
themselves. Fossil dates for the Billabong Creek
Limestone and Gunningbland Formation suggest
the laterally equivalent Goonumbla Volcanics
continued to be deposited until at least ~452 Ma
(Fig. 2.23; Pickett and Percival, 2001; Percival and
Glen, 2007). The minimum age of the overlying
Wombin Volcanics is limited by dates for the BQM-
AFG pluton at Northparkes, which is the oldest
intrusion to be hosted within both volcanic
Fig. 2.24 – U-Pb concordia plot, data point error ellipses
packages. Assuming the biostratigraphic record is correspond to LA-ICP-MS analyses of hydrothermal zircon
grains identified in propylitic (P3) veins. Bold ellipse
correctly correlated to the chronostratigraphic
represents the mean, for which the concordia age is given.
scale then, even within error, the date of 454.3 ± MSWD = mean square weighted deviation.
3.0 Ma (Fig. 2.24) for propylitic alteration at the E48 deposit, based on hydrothermal zircons, is geologically
invalid - being older than the Wombin host rocks. Further, the formation of the >3 km thick Wombin
Volcanics is restricted to a relatively narrow interval, post ~452 Ma but prior to emplacement of the BQM
(Fig. 2.23).
It is clear that currently available radiometric age constraints cannot, in isolation, establish the relative
order of magmatic-hydrothermal events at Northparkes. They do, however, strongly suggest that most
activity occurred in the latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian, and demonstrate a close temporal relationship
between such activity and formation of the Wombin Volcanics.
2.8 G EOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE N ORTHPARKES SYSTEM

The Goonumbla and Wombin Volcanics document the Middle to Late Ordovician development of the
Macquarie Island Arc. These dominantly submarine volcano-sedimentary packages reflect an overall
transition toward more felsic, evolved magmatism of shoshonitic affinity. However, a bimodality is
demonstrated by the emplacement of large volumes of basaltic trachyandesite sills into the succession, at
least in part whilst it was still water-saturated and unconsolidated. Massive conglomerates and volcanic
breccias at Northparkes are considered lateral equivalents to generally deep water sands and silts
elsewhere in the district, with occasional shallow water limestone intercalations. Thus, an envisaged
depositional environment is upon the flanks of a largely submerged volcanic edifice, host to debris
avalanches and surrounding carbonate banks (Simpson et al., 2005), perhaps behind the main arc front. At
least part of the volcanic system was emergent by the Late Ordovician, with explosive eruptions
documented by ignimbrites.
56
It is unclear if surface volcanism continued during porphyry magmatic-hydrothermal activity, although the
Northparkes intrusive rocks share a similar geochemistry and broad timing to rocks of the Wombin Volcanics,
indicating at least a genetic relationship. There is no evidence of wet-sediment interaction during
emplacement of the monzodiorite or BQM-AFG plutons, and a magmatic body of such volume would be
unlikely to stall and crystallise close to the surface with the observed coarse, equigranular (plutonic) textures.
This is supported by several fluid inclusion studies of mineralised veins which suggest that, assuming
lithostatic fluid pressures, ore formation occurred at minimum depths of 1-1.7 km (1-1.7 km given by Lickfold
et al., 2003; 1.7 km calculated here using the fluid entrapment pressures of 400-500 bar reported by
Heithersay and Walshe, 1995). However, lithostatic pressure conditions are probably unlikely at such shallow
depths, unless temperatures were consistently above the brittle-ductile transition. Using the more typical
assumption of hydrostatic fluid pressure yields depth estimates of 4-5 km, which are perhaps more realistic.
Unfortunately, an emplacement sequence cannot, as yet, be resolved by geochronology, given that

available age estimates of several intrusive phases overlap within error. However, such studies have
demonstrated that most intrusive activity and associated alteration took place in the latest Ordovician to
earliest Silurian. In comparison, the relative timing of magmatic-hydrothermal events is particularly well
constrained by field relationships, as detailed in this chapter, and forms the basis for the following
interpretation of the geological evolution at Northparkes.
Stage 1: Pre-mineralisation magmatism

Initial pre- to early-mineralisation emplacement of the BQM-AFG pluton resulted in biotite-magnetite
hornfelsing of the surrounding volcanics and would have likely driven any putative formation waters away
from the system. Prior to total solidification, bodies of QMZ were then injected into the pluton. The QMZ
shares some characteristics with the later QMP’s: higher levels of the intrusions are porphyritic, with K-
feldspar phenocrysts, disseminated Cu-sulphides and common miarolitic cavities; these cavities clearly
demonstrate a higher concentration of volatiles than the BQM-AFG. Despite this, the QMZ is not associated
with any well-developed veining, rather, it appears that any exsolved fluids remained trapped in the melt.
Stage 2: Principal magmatic-hydrothermal activity

Subsequent magmatism generated the QMP complexes and mineralising hydrothermal systems. By this
time, all presently observed levels of the BQM, AFG and QMZ had completely solidified. Several QMP
intrusions are present in each deposit and similar porphyries are associated with the many prospects across
the Northparkes district. Multiple QMP intrusions are present in each intrusive complex and may span the
mineralising episodes. However, those QMP’s most enriched in K-feldspar and containing fewer mafic
minerals are associated with the strongest mineralisation and appear to be most intimately linked to the
hydrothermal systems.
The QMP’s are ubiquitously crystal crowded and intrinsically K-feldspar altered. Such crowding in a typical
felsic magma would often be thought to produce a very high viscosity, yet, at Northparkes, these melts
57
infiltrate into even the smallest fractures (<1 mm) in surrounding volcanic rocks and were probably
emplaced to higher crustal levels than any prior intrusions. Further, large zones of UST’s, irregular miarolitic
cavities and broken, angular phenocrysts are present, and intrusive brecciation is commonplace. All such
observations attest to the forceful, possibly explosive, emplacement of a highly volatile-rich, low viscosity
‘magma’, perhaps better thought of as a crystal-bearing, silicate melt-aqueous fluid slurry (R. Armstrong,
2015, pers. comm.).
These magmas did not reach the paleosurface and, at a particular depth (confining pressure), magmatic
fluid was discharged around the margins and, in-particular, through the apices of the intrusions. The timing
of intrusive activity and mineralisation at each deposit, relative to one another, remains unknown;
however, initial fluid evolution appears similar across all the QMP complexes. Some reverse cross-cutting
relationships in vein types can be interpreted in terms of the overprinting of the later stages of one
magmatic-hydrothermal system by the earlier stages of a slightly younger one (c.f. Spencer et al., 2015).
Early-mineralisation QMP units are associated with biotite-magnetite alteration, including biotite and
magnetite veins (K1 and M1); subsequent K-feldspar-rich QMP units generated overprinting K-feldspar-
sulphide veinlets and quartz-sulphide stockwork veins (K2 and K3), in turn forming the deposit-central K-
feldspar alteration zone. At least two generations of K2 and K3 veins are present at E48 and E26 as a result
of multiple QMP intrusions, helping to boost ore grade.
Intense, deposit-peripheral, magnetite-biotite and propylitic alteration shells are constrained to occur
simultaneously with mineralisation and the central K-feldspar alteration. The clear spatial and temporal
links between these three alteration facies strongly suggests they were formed by a dominantly magmatic
fluid as it was expelled outwards from the intrusive complexes, progressively cooling and equilibrating
with the country rock. Alteration fluid evidently infiltrated through permeable volcanic units and fracture
zones. Within the magnetite ± biotite shell, fine, disseminated magnetite and biotite was developed
throughout permeable volcanics or formed distinct alteration clots in intrusive rocks; magnetite veins (M2)
occur across the facies. Within the propylitic zone, fluid was principally supplied through large fractures in
which chlorite-quartz-epidote-albite (P1) veins formed; these grade into progressively smaller-scale
epidote-chlorite-albite (P2) veins and epidote veinlets (P3) that appear to represent the more distal parts
of a linked fracture mesh. Disseminated and clotty epidote and chlorite also occur around veins and
throughout most permeable units. Anhydrite and chalcopyrite may be found within the centre of many
propylitic veins, which, combined with the consistent presence of large alteration halos around such veins,
further supports alteration by a magmatic-derived fluid.
Late stage evolution of the Northparkes deposits is variable. At E22 and E27 there is no further significant
alteration, but late-mineralisation QMP intrusions and sericitically-altered faults are recognised. In the core
of E48 (and parts of GRP314), progressive cooling of the system centre appears to have produced a
stagnating and acidic magmatic fluid which caused intense, pervasive and texturally-destructive white
sericite-albite-quartz-alunite ± chlorite alteration. At E26 and GRP314, cooler, late magmatic fluid was
58
structurally focused, forming the sericitic veins, characterised by vein-proximal grey quartz-sericite ± pyrite
alteration halos. These halos grade outwards into a variable, vein-distal assemblage in which mineralogy is
broadly controlled by distance to the intrusive complexes.
Stage 3: Late-stage magmatic-hydrothermal activity

Late-mineralisation QMP intrusions were subsequently emplaced at E26 and GRP314; they contained a
significant amount of immiscible fluid, represented by frequent anhydrite-quartz-aplite ± biotite
segregations and UST’s. Such large quantities of anhydrite suggest prevailing highly oxidised conditions.
Escape of this fluid, mostly through pre-existing weaknesses (sericitic veins), appears to have generated
anhydrite-quartz veins, some of which contain notable sphalerite. Base metal veins, also characterised by
sphalerite, are present throughout Northparkes and may be genetically related to this event. The exact
origin of the base metal veins remains unknown, although certain phases must post-date the propylitic (P1
and P2) and sericitic veins. Remaining fluid activity at E26 and GRP314 was restricted to barren anhydrite ±
pyrite veining.
Stage 4: Post-mineralisation magmatism

Continued post-mineralisation magmatism is evidenced by the Mafic Zero and Zero monzonite porphyries,
which were emplaced as SE-striking composite dykes. The exact timing of the post-mineralisation
monzonite porphyry at E34 is presently unknown but, based on the evidence outlined in section 2.4.3,
intrusion of this phase may have generated at least some of the widespread pebble dykes. If these breccia
dykes were generated by phreatomagmatic activity, then the local country rock units must have been
water-saturated by this time, perhaps indicative of surface exhumation, or ingress of water as a result of
significant cooling of the magmatic system. The pebble dykes cut all mineralisation and veins, including
the sericitic, base metal and propylitic (P2 and P3) veins; Lickfold (2002) also reported fragments of the Zero
porphyry within them.
Weak propylitic alteration persisted slightly beyond this late magmatic activity, affecting the monzonite
porphyries and occasionally exploiting pebble dykes as conduits; it is limited to P3 epidote veinlets and
selective replacement of mafic minerals and, more rarely, plagioclase.
Final, thin, alkali basalt dykes cut through the Northparkes district and are either unaltered or selectively
overprinted by cream-coloured quartz-sericite. Some dykes were emplaced along the Altona Fault.
As a consequence of the underlying plutonic mass, the Northparkes area escaped major deformation
during continental accretion and subsequent orogenies. The low angle Altona Fault is the most significant
feature developed during accretion, transecting the top of mineralised systems.
59
2.9 C ONCLUSIONS
The geology at Northparkes records over 60 Ma of volcanic evolution within the Macquarie Island Arc,
culminating in latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian porphyry Cu-Au mineralisation. All volcanic and intrusive
rocks are silica-saturated but distinctively alkaline/shoshonitic in character. The majority of magmatism
occurred prior to ore formation, including both extensive seafloor volcanism and coeval intrusions into the
volcanic pile. The deposits are located within a major volcanic-plutonic centre, founded upon a large
monzonite to alkali granite intrusion that many represent an original shallow crustal magma chamber.
Mineralisation is linked to the forcible, periodic escape of low viscosity, crystal- and volatile-rich magmas.
These exploited pre-existing structural intersections and focused the discharge of large quantities of
magmatic fluids from the underlying chamber. The fluids induced hydrofracturing, producing intricate
networks of K-feldspar-sulphide veinlets and quartz-sulphide stockwork veins, surrounded by K-feldspar-
dominated alteration. Ore grades are exclusively located within the potassic alteration zones, although
some have been sericitically overprinted. Spent fluids continued to be driven outwards, largely as a result
of thermal buoyancy and magmatic overpressure, infiltrating both laterally and upwards into the
surrounding pluton and volcano-sedimentary packages through pre-existing faults/fractures and
permeable units. Progressive cooling and equilibration of the fluids toward lower water:rock ratios formed
a shell of magnetite-biotite alteration and eventual widespread peripheral propylitic alteration. The
appearance of each alteration facies at any point is a function of host rock composition, permeability,
vein/fracture density and distance from the system centre.
Despite broadly similar characteristics, each individual deposit at Northparkes is unique and generated a
distinct hydrothermal system. Magmatic-hydrothermal breccias are common at E27, whereas anhydrite is
particularly abundant only at E26 and GRP314, where it is associated with late-mineralisation QMP
intrusions. Significant sericitic alteration is lacking at E22 and E27, but uniformly overprints much of the
core at E48 and is vein-related at E26 and GRP314.
Whole rock geochemical trends illustrate that magmatic evolution was punctuated by episodic return to
more primitive melt compositions. Indeed, the QMZ and QMP’s could not have been generated by simple
fractional crystallisation of the BQM-AFG pluton, and mafic monzonite porphyries and alkaline dykes occur
post-mineralisation. This strongly suggests that mafic alkaline magmas were periodically re-injected into
the parental magmatic chamber; irregular mixing textures between the Mafic Zero and Zero porphyries
appear to record a rare insight into this process. As suggested by Lickfold et al. (2007), such re-supply of
heat and volatiles was probably critical to successful mineralisation and may even have helped trigger
porphyry emplacement and fluid escape.
All five individual deposits were discovered over the last four decades and have been consistently at the
forefront of mining, engineering and exploration technology. All deposits remain open at depth and
numerous prospects have been identified throughout the district. Clearly significant exploration potential
and engineering challenges still exist, while future discoveries and continued exploitation of current
resources will no doubt continue to improve our understanding.
60
3. ALTERATION LITHOGEOCHEMISTRY AND MASS BALANCE
CONSTRAINTS ON ALTERATION
3.1 I NTRODUCTION
Porphyry-style orebodies are hosted within large volumes of hydrothermally altered rock, in which there is
a characteristic transition in the alteration mineral assemblage from a domain of deposit-central potassic
alteration, outward into deposit-distal propylitic alteration. This broadly concentric distribution of distinct
alteration facies has been fundamental to the porphyry deposit model since the description of the San
Manuel-Kalamazoo deposit by Lowell and Guilbert (1970). Similarly, hypogene zonation in metals,
comprising central enrichment in Cu-Au-Mo which grades outwards through a peripheral halo of pyrite (Fe
addition) followed by elevated Mn-Zn-Pb, has long since been noted (Emmons, 1927) and documented in
several deposits (e.g. Carson et al., 1976; John, 1978; Chaffee, 1982), including E26 at Northparkes
(Heithersay and Walshe, 1995). These metal anomalies are typically defined using whole rock data, drill
core assay data and/or soil studies, and are identified simply as areas with higher concentrations than
local/regional/crustal background.
Accordingly, trends in both alteration mineralogy and metal abundance are routinely used in mineral
exploration, both for target generation and as vectors to orebodies. Despite this, deposit descriptions only
rarely integrate observations of coexisting spatial changes in alteration mineralogy and quantitative data
on metal enrichment. Those which do (e.g. Jerome, 1966; Cox et al., 1975; Jones, 1992; Zaluski et al., 1994;
Ulrich and Heinrich, 2002; Kouzmanov and Pokrovski, 2012) demonstrate the obvious link between
potassic alteration and ore-grade Cu ± Au ± Mo mineralisation, along with the often overlooked correlation
between elevated Mn ± Zn ± Pb and propylitic alteration. Despite this, the controls on whole rock
anomalism, in terms of the minerals present, are rarely, if ever, investigated. Rather, propylitic alteration is
typically regarded as a weak, broadly isochemical facies in which any metasomatism is limited to addition
of H+, a view which appears to stem from its original description at the Comstock Lode (Becker, 1882) and
review by Meyer and Hemley (1967). Although this may be the case for weak and disseminated epidote-
chlorite assemblages, particularly those developed in metamorphism, it is clearly not applicable to the
often intense propylitic alteration that is associated with magmatic-hydrothermal porphyry ore systems,
where net addition of metals is evident from the whole rock halos described above.
Alteration assemblages are a result of fluid-rock interaction and associated element transfer, hence both
metal endowment and alteration are a consequence of the same processes and should be viewed together.
The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the net geochemical changes which characterise each major
alteration domain at Northparkes by rigorous calculation of the gains or losses of 38 major, minor and trace
elements via a mass balance approach. This approach allows the extent of metasomatism for a range of
61
elements to be directly correlated to both the alteration minerals that are present and the intensity of
alteration, rather than simply showing spatial coincidences between alteration domains and whole rock
geochemical anomalies. Further, variations in the host rock around deposits and veins may influence the
whole rock geochemical anomalies that are defined, by assessing changes relative to least altered
photoliths this effect is removed.
The alteration facies examined are:
1) Potassic alteration, dominated by K-feldspar ± biotite; this facies is widespread in the centre of the
porphyry systems and is intimately associated with mineralisation (see section 2.6.2).
2) Potassic alteration, dominated by magnetite ± biotite and developed as an annulus around each
deposit at Northparkes (see section 2.6.3).
3) Propylitic alteration, dominated by chlorite-epidote and forming an outer halo which encloses
zones of potassic alteration (see section 2.6.4). This is examined both generally by consideration of
all strongly altered samples, and in detail by grouping into subcategories of: (i) most intense
chlorite-sericite (phengite) + minor epidote ± pyrite alteration; (ii) strong chlorite-epidote-sericite-
hematite alteration; and (iii) moderate chlorite-epidote-albite-hematite alteration. These categories
match the transitions observed in the halos of P1 veins (as illustrated in Fig. 2.20l, left to right
respectively) and correspond to the progression from most intense to weakest propylitic alteration.
4) Sericitic alteration and associated alteration zones developed around the sericitic veins (see section
2.6.5). With increasing distance from vein centres these comprise: (i) intense, vein-proximal,
texturally-destructive, grey quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration; (ii) intense, transitional, sericite-
chlorite alteration; (iii) moderate, transitional, sericite-chlorite-epidote alteration; and (iv)
outermost, vein-distal, weak epidote-hematite-chlorite alteration.
Surprisingly, such mass transfer studies of alteration in porphyry systems are comparatively rare. The
mobility of major elements during potassic alteration at the Bingham Canyon Cu-Au-Mo deposit of Utah,
USA, was rigorously quantified by Baumgartner and Olsen (1995). Elsewhere, a simplified isocon-based
mass balance approach, without taking error into account, was applied to estimate changes in selected
elements associated with alteration facies at the Darrehzar and Maher-Abad Cu-Au deposits in Iran
(Derakhshani and Abdolzadeh, 2009; Siahcheshm et al., 2014), and the Bajo de la Alumbrera Cu-Au deposit
in Argentina (Ulrich and Heinrich, 2002). In the Collahuasi district of Chile, Urqueta et al. (2009) modelled
primary lithological variability of selected elements in order to identify geochemical changes
corresponding to the formation of major alteration minerals in potassic, sericitic and argillic facies. Mass
transfer was used to quantify alteration intensity as a guide to mineralisation rather than to study element
mobility within the hydrothermal system. Most recently, Halley et al. (2015) identified elements which
typically form negative or positive geochemical anomalies (relative to average crustal abundances) in,
around and above porphyry orebodies, based largely on rock chip samples from the Ann-Mason Cu-Mo
deposit, Nevada, USA. However, this study ignored both volume/mass changes and primary lithological
variability; further, element anomalies were not explicitly linked to specific alteration facies and intensity.
62
Given the distinct, concentrically zoned distribution of facies 1-3 above (detailed in Chapter 2), this study
in-turn quantitatively demonstrates the dispersion pattern of all significant elements within a complete
porphyry magmatic-hydrothermal system and, by inference, their leaching, transport and deposition by
hydrothermal fluids.
3.2 M ETHODOLOGY
In this study, calculation of element gain or loss is based on the mass balance approach of Grant (1986)
modified from Gresens (1967) and implemented based on the suggestions of Leitch and Lentz (1994); see
section 3.2.4. In this method, whole rock geochemical data from altered samples is compared to data from
least altered or unaltered samples of the same lithology in order to determine which elements were net
added to, or lost from the rock during alteration. For this approach, immobile elements must be identified
in order to correct for mass changes.
3.2.1 Sample dataset

The underlying whole rock geochemical dataset is comprised of 204 samples, collected from logged
diamond drill core, that were analysed for major elements and 31 trace elements (including the REE). An
account of the analytical techniques is given in section 2.5, and the dataset is reported in full as part of
Appendices D and E. For most analytical techniques, typically between 13-15 randomly selected samples
were analysed twice, and several replicate analyses were conducted on 3-5 different laboratory standards.
One standard deviation was calculated for each element using each set of replicate data (for both
standards and natural samples) in which the element was >LOD. The mean of these standard deviation
values encapsulates analytical precision, and is given for each element ( ) as in Table 3.1. The mean
composition of standards was reported to match preferred reference values within one , assuring
analytical accuracy.
Although data for all samples of relevant lithology and alteration type are used to assess element
immobility, calculations to assess net element gain/loss are based only on those samples specifically
collected for this purpose, being representative altered and least altered examples.
63
BQM AFG AND TR TVB SST
Element ( ) LOD
(%)
SiO2 wt. 0.01 0.2 0.4 49 18 1.18 1.20 0.64 0.68 0.99 1.02 1.27 1.29 0.42 0.48 2.73 2.74
Al2O3 wt. 0.01 0.1 0.8 49 18 0.45 0.47 0.53 0.54 0.18 0.21 0.35 0.37 0.35 0.37 1.70 1.71
Fe2O3 wt. 0.01 0.04 0.7 49 18 0.34 0.34 0.16 0.16 0.37 0.37 0.66 0.66 0.35 0.35 1.56 1.56
CaO wt. 0.01 0.04 1.7 49 18 0.27 0.28 0.13 0.13 0.42 0.42 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29 3.18 3.18
MgO wt. 0.01 0.01 0.7 49 18 0.16 0.17 0.08 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.35 0.35 0.06 0.06 1.13 1.13
Na2O wt. 0.01 0.03 2.5 49 18 0.09 0.09 0.15 0.15 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.21 0.13 0.13 1.84 1.84
K2O wt. 0.01 0.02 0.7 49 18 0.34 0.34 0.16 0.16 0.28 0.28 0.18 0.18 0.47 0.47 0.33 0.33
Cr2O3 wt. 0.01 - - 49 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TiO2 wt. 0.01 0.01 1.4 49 18 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04
MnO wt. 0.01 0.00 1.1 49 18 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07
P2O5 wt. 0.01 0.00 3.8 49 18 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.09
SrO wt. 0.01 0.00 8.2 49 17 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.06
BaO wt. 0.01 0.00 2.1 49 18 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02
C wt. 0.01 0.00 2.1 37 14 0.06 0.06 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.11
S wt. 0.01 0.02 2.1 37 15 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.58 0.58 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.05
LOI wt. 0.01 0.05 1.2 29 9 0.25 0.26 0.12 0.13 0.08 0.09 0.44 0.44 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.09
Ba ppm 0.5 13 1.6 47 18 72 73 18 23 47 48 160 160 73 74 172 172
Ce* ppm 0.5 2 2.5 47 18 2.3 3.0 5.7 6.1 0.6 2.1 3.5 4.1 0.7 2.1 5.2 5.5
Cr ppm 10 3 3.7 47 10 - 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 - 3
Cs ppm 0.01 0.03 3.6 47 18 0.12 0.12 0.20 0.20 0.03 0.04 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Dy* ppm 0.05 0.3 2.4 47 18 0.18 0.35 0.35 0.46 0.10 0.32 0.28 0.41 0.23 0.38 0.08 0.31
Er* ppm 0.03 0.2 3.2 47 18 0.11 0.26 0.15 0.28 0.01 0.24 0.25 0.35 0.33 0.40 0.00 0.24
Eu ppm 0.03 0.04 3.5 47 18 0.08 0.09 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.17 0.18 0.02 0.05 0.13 0.14
Ga ppm 0.1 0.6 2.9 47 18 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 2.0 2.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.6 1.5 1.6
Gd* ppm 0.05 0.2 2.1 47 18 0.32 0.36 0.32 0.36 0.17 0.23 0.67 0.69 0.41 0.44 0.21 0.26
Hf ppm 0.2 1 3.6 47 18 0.5 1.3 0.2 1.2 0.1 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.4 1.3
Ho* ppm 0.01 0.1 3.3 47 18 0.04 0.13 0.04 0.13 0.02 0.12 0.07 0.14 0.02 0.12 0.04 0.13
La* ppm 0.5 1 4.0 47 18 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.8 0.3 1.1 2.5 2.8 1.1 1.6 2.9 3.1
Lu* ppm 0.01 0.03 3.0 47 18 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05
Nb ppm 0.2 0.3 2.8 47 18 0.4 0.5 2.5 2.6 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.3
Nd* ppm 0.1 0.9 2.5 47 18 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1 0.8 1.2 2.8 2.9 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.7
Pr* ppm 0.03 0.3 2.5 47 18 0.28 0.42 0.62 0.70 0.15 0.35 0.52 0.61 0.12 0.34 0.54 0.63
Rb ppm 0.2 3 2.7 47 18 9.4 9.7 3.6 4.5 8.1 8.5 3.5 4.4 8.3 8.7 13.4 13.6
Sm* ppm 0.03 0.3 4.3 47 18 0.29 0.38 0.42 0.49 0.04 0.25 0.85 0.88 0.28 0.37 0.51 0.56
Sn ppm 1 0.2 4.9 47 18 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Sr ppm 0.1 13 2.0 47 18 118 119 16 20 42 44 129 130 39 41 496 496
Ta ppm 0.1 0.3 7.3 47 18 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3
Tb* ppm 0.01 0.04 2.5 47 18 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04
Th ppm 0.05 0.2 5.0 47 18 0.22 0.33 0.39 0.46 0.06 0.25 0.12 0.27 0.47 0.53 0.72 0.76
Tm* ppm 0.01 0.06 4.1 47 18 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.06
U ppm 0.05 0.2 3.7 47 18 0.06 0.18 0.32 0.36 0.49 0.52 0.04 0.18 0.14 0.22 0.61 0.63
V ppm 5 3 5.1 47 17 39 39 4 5 6 7 15 15 6 7 85 85
W ppm 1 0.4 16.0 47 16 1 1 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Y* ppm 0.5 3 2.5 47 18 0.9 2.9 3.7 4.7 0.4 2.8 0.6 2.9 0.6 2.9 1.8 3.3
Yb* ppm 0.03 0.2 3.2 47 18 0.11 0.22 0.28 0.34 0.02 0.19 0.16 0.25 0.16 0.25 0.21 0.28
Zr ppm 2 7 3.3 47 17 17 19 11 13 3 7 1 7 6 9 20 21
As ppm 0.1 0.2 2.2 37 16 1.0 1.1 4.2 4.2 0.9 0.9 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.3 1.1 1.1
Bi ppm 0.01 0.02 3.5 37 14 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.02 - 0.02 - 0.02 0.03 0.04
Hg ppm 0.005 0.00 14.1 37 13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sb ppm 0.05 0.1 3.3 37 16 0.06 0.11 1.10 1.10 0.04 0.11 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.10 0.17 0.20
Se ppm 0.2 0.1 8.4 37 16 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Te ppm 0.01 0.01 7.9 37 15 0.00 0.01 - 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Ag ppm 0.5 0.1 2.0 37 5 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1
Cd ppm 0.5 0.1 3.2 37 5 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1
Co ppm 1 0.3 1.5 37 16 2 2 0 0 1 1 3 3 0 0 3 3
Cu ppm 1 12 2.6 37 16 36 37 6 13 46 47 887 887 106 107 31 34
Mo ppm 1 1 7.9 38 14 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
Ni ppm 1 12 11.8 38 15 1 12 - 12 1 12 - 12 0 12 5 13
Pb ppm 1 10 6.3 38 16 1 11 2 11 2 11 4 11 1 10 4 11
Zn ppm 2 7 1.3 42 18 18 19 20 21 13 15 88 88 1 7 76 76
Li ppm 10 - - 38 8 - - - - 5 5 - - - - - -
Au ppb 1 5 1.4 17 5 1 5 0 5 1 5 6 8 3 5 0 5
Pt ppb 0.5 15 3.8 17 2 0 15 0 15 0 15 0 15 0 15 1 15
Pd ppb 1 5 4.6 17 4 0 5 0 5 2 5 0 5 0 5 3 6
Table 3.1 – List of analysed elements with associated limit of detection (LOD) and uncertainty values; where applicable,
uncertainties are grouped with reference to lithology. BQM = biotite quartz monzonite, AFG = alkali feldspar granite, AND
= trachyandesite, TR = trachyte, TVB = trachytic volcanic breccia/ignimbrite, SST = volcanic sandstone. = analytical
precision, calculated as described in section 3.2.1, based on analyses of samples/standards in which the element
was >LOD. Analytical precision is also given as a percentage of the mean value determined from analyses. =
uncertainty arising from natural variance in each lithology, calculated as one standard deviation of a given element in
selected least altered samples; missing values are where an element was not detected in these samples. = total
combined uncertainty in measurements of a given element as a result of and calculated using Equation 3.5.
* denotes elements recognised as immobile (section 3.2.3) and used as such in mass balance calculations.
64
3.2.2 Selected sample sets
Altered and least altered samples were selected and classified into alteration types based on their context
within logged drill core and observed abundances of alteration minerals. The majority of samples are of
the BQM owing to its intrinsic suitability for mass transfer analysis – a broadly homogeneous, easily
recognisable intrusive phase which is affected by all alteration types to variable extents. Nonetheless,
samples of the AFG and volcanic country rocks, including trachyandesite, trachyte, trachytic ignimbrite and
volcanic sandstone were also collected to observe any influence of host rock on element transfer patterns.
In all cases, samples were obtained to facilitate one of two possible approaches: 1) comparison of averaged
compositional data from several least altered and most altered examples; or, 2) local, individual
comparisons of strong alteration with directly adjacent weaker alteration of the same type. The former
approach was particularly appropriate for the BQM, while the latter was the only way to calculate element
transfers in the heterogeneous volcanic sandstones.
Careful selection of particular sample sets therefore permitted the quantification of element mobility for
several alteration facies within different lithologies. Samples chosen for comparison in each mass transfer
calculation are summarised in Table 3.2.
65
Calc. Least altered Adjacent
Alteration type Lith. Altered sample(s)
No. sample(s) samples?
NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099, NP13AP111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117,
1 BQM 100, 102, 283 161, 198, 199, 200
Potassic: 2 TR NP12AP089 NP13AP234
Kfs ± bt
3 TVB NP13AP071 NP13AP066 Y
4 TVB NP13AP195 NP13AP171 Y
NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
5 BQM NP13AP099, 125, 128, 130, 152
100, 102, 283
Potassic:
Mag ± bt 6 TVB NP13AP071, 195 NP13AP079, 081
7 AND NP13AP310, 311 NP13AP244, 315; NP12AP047, 048
NP12AP030, 031, 036, 070, 073;
NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
8 BQM 100, 102, 283
NP13AP034, 037, 038, 041, 043, 049,
050, 061, 288, 289
9 BQM NP13AP023 NP13AP024, 025 Y
10 BQM NP13AP044 NP13AP043 Y
11 BQM NP13AP044 NP13AP049 Y
General propylitic: 12 BQM NP13AP102 NP13AP105 Y
Chl-epi ± ser ± hem 13 AFG NP13AP027, 227 NP13AP026, 028, 054
± ab ± py NP12AP012, 015, 016, 017, 018, 025,
14 AND NP13AP310, 311 027, 034, 039, 044, 097, 115, 118;
NP13AP239, 241, 245, 246, 309, 316
15 AND NP13AP013 NP13AP012 Y
16 SST NP13AP011 NP13AP010 Y
17 SST NP13AP303 NP13AP304 Y
18 TVB NP13AP071, 195 NP13AP077
NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
19 BQM NP13AP037, 050, 061
100, 102, 283
Intense propylitic: NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
Chl-ser ± epi ± py 20 BQM 100, 102, 283
NP13AP288, 289
21 AND NP13AP310, 311 NP13AP239, 245

NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
22 BQM 100, 102, 283
NP13AP034, 038, 043
Strong propylitic: NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
Chl-epi-ser-hem 23 BQM NP13AP290
100, 102, 283
24 AND NP13AP310, 311 NP13AP246, 241
NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
25 BQM NP13AP041, 049, 058
100, 102, 283
Moderate propylitic: NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
Chl-epi-ab-hem 26 BQM 100, 102, 283
NP13AP293
27 AND NP13AP310, 311 NP13AP309, 316

NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
Sericitic: Qtz-ser-py 28 BQM 100, 102, 283
NP13AP141, 142, 143, 155
NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,

Sericitic: Ser-chl 29 BQM NP13AP156, 136
100, 102, 283
NP13AP044, 053, 062, 099,
Sericitic: Ser-chl-epi 30 BQM 100, 102, 283
NP13AP093, 124
Sericitic: Epi-chl-hem 31 AFG NP13AP027, 227 NP13AP133, 134, 228
Table 3.2 – Sample groups selected to calculate element transfer associated with each major alteration facies; calculations
are numbered for reference. Where more than one sample is listed, a simple average composition is used in calculations.
Adjacent samples are those local, individual comparisons of strong alteration with directly adjacent weaker alteration of
the same type. Lithology codes as defined in Table 3.1.
66
3.2.3 Quantification of element gain or loss
The term ‘immobile element’ refers to those elements which are neither added to, or lost from, a rock during
fluid-rock interaction. Therefore, intuitively, the concentration of an immobile element in an altered rock
( ) of mass is directly proportional to its concentration in the original rock ( ) of mass :
/
∙ (3.1)
Where:
/
(3.2)
/
The proportionality constant, or mass ratio ( ), is therefore a measure of bulk mass change during
/
alteration. values <1 imply overall mass gain, effectively diluting the concentration of immobile
elements, whereas values >1 imply overall mass loss, acting to increase their concentration.
The abundance of a mobile element in an altered rock is further dependent on the concentration change
which results from net addition or loss of the element during alteration (∆ ):
/
∙ ∆ (3.3)
Equation 3.3 is the mass balance expression of Grant (1986), modified from Gresens (1967). Values for
and are determined from lithogeochemical analysis of altered and unaltered (or more typically least
altered) samples of the same lithology. Both Equations 3.1 and 3.3 are linear, thus, on a plot of . ,
immobile elements (for which ∆ 0) define a best-fit straight line through the origin. This line is often
/
referred to as the ‘isocon’ (line of equal concentration; Grant, 1986), the gradient of which is equal to .
Given this value, Equation 3.3 may then be rearranged to quantify the gain and loss of mobile elements:
/
∆ ∙ (3.4)
Such isocon plots provide a useful visual representation of mass balance data and test of element
immobility. However, generating the plots necessitates arbitrary scaling of element concentrations for
clarity; this is tiresome and, if applied to immobile elements, changes the position of data points relative to
/
one another which, in turn, influences the gradient of the isocon and value of (e.g. Baumgartner and
Olsen, 1995; Mukherjee and Gupta, 2008). The data point for every element is also associated with its own
unique uncertainties in and as a result of both analytical uncertainty and natural variability within
/
each lithology. Accordingly, to obtain an accurate isocon and value, element concentrations should
not be scaled and uncertainties must be taken into account. Baumgartner and Olsen (1995) accomplished
this by undertaking a mathematically complex - -weighted, least-squares regression for immobile
element data. Here, an equally rigorous but simpler approach was developed, based on the suggestions of
Leitch and Lentz (1994) after Kretz et al. (1989) and Lentz and Goodfellow (1993).
67
Initially, the uncertainty in concentration (both and ) for every element ( ), arising from primary
variability within each lithology, was approximated as the standard deviation of values from least altered
samples ( ). Obtaining least altered representative samples is challenging; although for all lithologies
at least two samples were analysed, this approximation is most reliable for the biotite quartz monzonite in
which seven analyses were acquired. Secondary lithological variability, largely caused by slight differences
in alteration intensity and/or veining between altered samples, is not factored into uncertainty calculations
as it is not a true source of error, but rather intrinsic to the alteration process being evaluated and
dependent on each selection of altered samples.
An overall uncertainty for each element in each lithology ( ) was then calculated by combining
with analytical uncertainty, (section 3.2.1), in quadrature:
(3.5)
/
The resulting set of values is provided in Table 3.1. Subsequently, using Equation 3.1, a value for
/
was obtained for each immobile element ( ) and the associated propagated error ( ) determined
from the standard relationship (e.g. Bevington, 1969; Kretz, 1985):
/ (3.6)
/
A best-fit value for taking into account each associated error ( ) could then be calculated as a simple
inverse-variance weighted average:
/
/ ∑
(3.7)
∑ ⁄
/
This value of was then used to calculate net element gain or loss during alteration (∆ ) using
Equation 3.4; the uncertainty in ∆ is equal to . Note Equations 3.5-3.7 reasonably assume errors are
normally distributed and are not correlated with one another.
68
3.3 S ELECTION OF IMMOBILE ELEMENTS
As demonstrated in section 3.2.3, identification of immobile elements is required in order to determine the
/
value used in each mass balance calculation. Typically, elements of highest ionic potential are
considered least mobile during fluid-rock interaction, with several studies having demonstrated the
broadly immobile nature of the rare earth elements (REE; e.g. Menzies et al., 1979; Muecke et al., 1979;
Michard et al., 1983; Michard, 1989) and high field strength elements (HFSE) i.e. Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta and Ti (e.g.
Floyd and Winchester, 1978; MacLean and Kranidiotis, 1987; Niri, 2001). Indeed, assumption of the
immobile behaviour of these groups underlies their use in studies of petrogenesis (e.g. Pearce and Cann,
1973; Hanson, 1980).
Nonetheless, under appropriate physicochemical conditions and given suitable ligands, all such elements
may be variously mobilised, and this behaviour is now well documented, e.g. for REE: Hellman et al. (1979),
Nesbitt (1979), Alderton et al. (1980), Lottermoser (1992), Valsami and Cann (1992), Wilkinson et al. (2011),
and for HFSE: Finlow-Bates and Stumpfl (1981), Brewer and Atkin (1989), Rubin et al. (1993), Jiang (2000),
Jiang et al. (2005). Therefore, in all mass balance based investigations it is necessary to first establish which
elements are immobile in a given sample suite.
Logically, for any two immobile elements, the ratio of one to the other remains constant throughout
alteration, but the absolute concentration of both depends on the extent of mass loss or gain (Eq. 3.1).
Consequently, if several analyses are made of variously altered rocks, belonging to the same initial and
chemically homogeneous lithology, then plots of one immobile element against another will define a
straight line (a so called ‘alteration line’), which at infinite mass gain would pass through the origin
(MacLean and Kranidiotis, 1987). For rock suites with the same major minerals present (e.g. igneous
fractionation series), and provided both immobile elements plotted have low-levels of compatibility within
these minerals, even data from different lithologies will plot along the same alteration line. Where the two
immobile elements have contrasting preferences for the minerals present, or are both compatible within
them, a separate alteration line is produced for each lithology (MacLean and Barrett, 1993). Naturally, the
degree of linearity in the data is determined by the absolute mobility of each element, the precision of
analysis and heterogeneity in the host lithology.
At Northparkes, alteration lines are well-defined by the REE in all lithologies across all alteration types (Fig.
3.1). To some extent, these excellent linear trends are a result of the similar geochemical properties of the
REE, and therefore mineralogical residencies across the group. Nonetheless, fluid mobilisation would still
be expected to preferentially alter the concentration ratio between the different REE (e.g. Nesbitt, 1979;
Alderton et al., 1980; Bau, 1991), and no such data scatter is observed. Only Eu shows relatively poor trends
(Fig. 3.1f), presumably owing to its presence as a divalent cation in plagioclase. Divalent Eu is of lower ionic
potential and thus more readily mobilised, and plagioclase destruction is observed in many altered rocks.
Immobile behaviour of the remainder of the REE is also suggested by N-MORB normalised REE plots for all
69
lithologies (Figs. 2.13, 2.15), in which patterns for variously altered rocks are identical to one another, and
are as expected for fresh rocks of similar petrogenesis. Furthermore, the REE consistently lie upon the
obvious isocon in all calculations, both by visual inspection and statistically, by forming a cluster of similar
/
slope values (Fig. 3.2).
Fig. 3.1 – Plots to determine the mobility of selected elements during alteration; data for all relevant samples ( 175)
are shown, representing fresh through to intense, texturally-destructive alteration of all facies. (a-n) all REE plotted against
Ce; the strong covariation observed within each lithological group is indicative of the immobile behaviour of these
elements (although Eu is relatively scattered in the plagioclase-rich BQM and AFG). Consequently, similar alteration lines
are produced with any combination of these elements. (o-q) illustrate the more scattered nature of trends produced for
other elements with high ionic potential, note the contrasting mineralogical residence of Zr and Ti compared to Ce results
in each lithology defining its own trend/group. No strong correlation is evidenced using Zr in the BQM and AFG samples.
70
The HFSE typically do not define strong alteration lines, but rather form broad scattered correlations with
the REE (e.g. Fig. 3.1o, p). For Zr, Hf, Nb and U, within samples of the BQM and AFG, no correlations are
developed (e.g. Fig. 3.1o). These observations strongly suggest that several HFSE were hydrothermally
mobilised during alteration to some extent. Accordingly, elements such as Zr, Nb and Hf frequently plot,
within uncertainty, away from the distinct isocon in several mass transfer analyses (e.g. Fig. 3.2a).
Geological evidence for the mobility of these elements is also provided in the form of relatively large (0.1-
0.6 mm long) hydrothermal zircons, which may occasionally be observed in propylitic veins (Fig. 3.3a-b).
Evidence from alteration textures also demonstrates that Ti and P were hydrothermally mobilised, at least
during propylitic alteration. In this domain, secondary titanite and apatite are routinely observed as part of
the alteration assemblage. However, these minerals are only ever developed as microscopic inclusions,
mostly within and around grains of original Ti- and/or P-bearing minerals, e.g. biotite, magnetite (Fig. 3.3c-
d). Unlike zircon, apatite and titanite have not been observed within vein fill material. Consequently, Ti and
P appear to have remained broadly immobile at the scale of sampling, in much the same way as the REE.
Indeed, the REE are probably mostly accommodated within both secondary and primary apatite. The latter
appears to have remained stable during alteration, and was observed throughout all the alteration facies
studied. Alteration lines indicating immobility are also observed, although slightly scattered, between P2O5
and the REE in many lithologies (e.g. Fig. 3.1q).
Based on these mineralogical observations, well-defined alteration lines (Fig. 3.1) and isocon plots (Fig. 3.2),
/
the REE (excluding Eu) were chosen as the immobile elements that were used to quantify in this study
across all alteration types. TiO2 and P2O5 are treated as mobile and their net changes quantified with the
expectation they should be negligible, providing a second check on the validity of results.
71
Fig. 3.2 – Examples of isocon plots demonstrating the immobile behaviour of the REE, using averaged data for least and
most altered samples of biotite quartz monzonite (BQM). (a) for calculation 1: potassic, K-feldspar-dominated alteration;
and (b) for calculation 8: general strongly altered samples of propylitic mineralogy. Error bars correspond to for each
element in BQM, as listed in Table 3.1. All REE (excluding Eu) are shown as red diamonds and are not scaled; the average
/
value calculated from these elements (see section 3.2.3) was used to construct the isocons shown. Mobile elements
are scaled (as indicated) for visual representation only; those above and below the isocon are respectively added or lost
during alteration. Insets show individual / values for each element, ranked from smallest to largest - note how the REE
fall within the principal population of elements with equivalent / values, the average of which naturally defines the
isocon gradient for each calculation.
72
Fig. 3.3 – Photomicrographs illustrating the mineralogical residence of selected HFSE in propylitically-altered samples; all
scale bars = 250 μm. (a-b) hydrothermal zircons (Zrn), shown top using SEM-BSE and bottom using SEM-CL; both grains
are from within a P3 propylitic veinlet in sample NP12AP075 and are surrounded by quartz, epidote and chlorite, which the
zircon in (b) has partly enclosed. Note that in CL, most hydrothermal quartz (red) can be seen developed around relict (blue)
quartz fragments, but no such detrital cores are present in the zircons. (c) SEM-BSE image showing destruction of Ti-rich
primary magnetite and replacement by titanite (Ttn), surrounded by epidote; sample NP13AP274. (d) SEM-BSE image
showing chlorite pseudomorph of original biotite, with development of rutile (Rt) and apatite (Ap) as indicated. Rutile is
present as bright specks, particularly around the rim of the grain, and as streaks along original cleavage planes; sample
NP12AP082.
3.4 R ESULTS OF THE MASS TRANSFER CALCULATIONS

The results for each mass transfer calculation (Table 3.2) are given in Table 3.3 and presented graphically
in Figures 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6. Note Ag, Cd, Cr, Hg, Li, Ni, Pd and Pt were consistently at or below the limit of
detection, thus any transfer could not be quantified.
3.4.1 Immobile elements

TiO2, P2O5, Cs, Eu, Sn, Bi, Sb and Te were immobile, at the scale of sampling and within uncertainty,
throughout all alteration zones. Similarly, Hf, Ta, Nb and U were essentially immobile given that quantified
net gain or loss is consistently ≤1.7 ppm. However, these minor changes do show a slight correlation with
the far larger variability demonstrated for Zr, suggesting they are a result of zircon dissolution or
precipitation.
73
Potassic: Potassic: General propylitic:
Facies:
Kfs ± bt Mag ± bt Chl-epi ± ser ± hem ± ab ± py
Calc. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Lithology: BQM TR TVB TVB BQM TVB AND BQM BQM BQM BQM BQM AFG AND AND SST
/ - 0.803 0.873 0.972 0.885 0.935 0.868 0.932 1.006 0.971 0.978 1.045 0.944 1.020 0.977 0.929 0.867
SiO2 % 13.16 8.83 2.29 5.72 5.74 4.65 2.05 -3.30 0.83 0.07 -5.05 2.71 -0.81 -1.23 3.86 3.13
Al2O3 % 2.01 1.35 0.34 0.81 0.89 3.29 1.02 -0.03 0.16 0.47 -0.31 0.57 -0.26 -0.12 1.04 1.35
Fe2O3 % -0.92 -0.93 0.71 -0.81 0.06 1.83 1.04 0.44 0.31 0.38 0.06 1.00 -0.05 0.56 -0.10 2.17
CaO % 0.20 -0.98 -0.53 1.71 -0.73 2.26 0.67 0.51 0.33 0.64 2.30 -0.09 0.52 -0.52 2.83 3.22
MgO % -0.02 -0.27 0.25 0.01 -0.13 0.42 1.44 0.66 0.34 0.17 0.15 0.56 0.14 1.67 -1.02 0.85
Na2O % 0.19 0.59 -1.39 -0.12 0.76 0.35 -0.04 -2.83 -0.37 -0.82 -0.66 0.31 -0.35 -0.82 1.37 -0.69
K2O % 1.43 0.84 1.07 0.76 0.25 -0.03 0.06 0.24 -0.31 -0.11 -1.42 -0.93 -0.33 -0.61 -1.85 0.01
TiO2 % 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.15 0.09 0.03 0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.13
MnO % -0.08 -0.16 -0.04 -0.03 0.01 0.08 0.06 0.34 0.09 0.29 0.36 0.07 0.02 0.15 0.08 0.10
P2 O 5 % -0.04 -0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.01 -0.01 0.03 0.01
SrO % 0.00 -0.03 -0.01 0.03 -0.02 0.05 0.01 -0.07 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.04 -0.01 -0.06 -0.01 0.06
BaO % 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.01 0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.02
C % 0.11 0.70 -0.17 0.08 -0.01 0.01 0.05 0.40 0.10 0.04 0.42 0.08 0.13 0.42 0.09 0.21
S % 1.77 0.02 0.54 0.57 0.13 0.17 0.02 0.33 0.19 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.79 0.08 -0.01
LOI % 2.38 2.19 -0.07 1.16 0.08 0.86 0.48 2.90 0.95 1.07 2.12 0.70 0.61 3.36 0.13 1.26
Ba ppm 238 -91 184 38 125 5 115 160 -74 41 -233 8 25 -270 -296 -200
Cs ppm 0.05 0.16 -0.09 0.06 -0.05 0.01 0.22 0.77 0.25 0.32 -0.16 -0.06 0.02 0.62 -0.39 0.03
Eu ppm -0.08 -0.02 -0.02 0.04 -0.04 0.10 0.05 0.06 0.03 -0.01 -0.03 0.17 0.04 0.04 0.11 0.01
Ga ppm 1.5 0.6 -0.6 0.5 1.5 3.9 0.5 -0.1 0.9 -0.1 -0.8 1.6 -0.2 -0.8 -0.4 0.9
Hf ppm 0.9 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.7 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.1
Rb ppm 31.6 -9.6 20.3 10.4 -1.4 -6.1 4.1 32.7 6.8 -2.5 -31.7 -21.8 -6.8 -2.5 -33.6 0.1
Sn ppm 1 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0
Sr ppm 8 -279 -150 340 -165 449 186 -620 -86 159 6 -307 -37 -396 35 377
Ta ppm 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Th ppm 1.01 -0.11 -0.38 0.19 0.66 -0.15 -0.46 -0.41 0.96 -0.20 -0.15 -0.32 1.86 -0.70 0.19 -0.48
U ppm 0.00 -0.29 -0.12 -0.25 0.43 -0.20 -0.09 -0.12 0.33 0.01 -0.09 -0.11 0.24 -0.01 -0.04 -0.22
V ppm 3 -3 5 6 -18 55 33 -12 14 9 -1 1 5 -9 1 43
W ppm 2 1 4 2 0 0 0 3 1 - - - 1 1 - -
Zr ppm 37 18 2 3 28 5 -13 -11 -22 -9 -13 -1 -8 -17 8 -3
As ppm -1.4 -1.3 -1.1 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.6 3.5 2.1 -0.6 -1.7 -1.2 -2.1 0.8 1.8 0.2
Bi ppm 0.19 0.09 -0.02 - 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.21 0.14 0.03 0.04 - 0.07 0.17 0.03 0.02
Sb ppm -0.03 -0.20 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 0.12 -0.01 0.15 0.13 0.07 -0.04 0.08 -0.71 0.01 0.54 -0.09
Se ppm 3.8 2.0 0.4 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0
Te ppm 0.18 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.30 0.12 0.16 0.28 0.02
Co ppm -3 -3 -3 0 -2 1 3 0 2 -1 -2 3 1 -1 1 4
Cu ppm 4756 2024 2228 2353 67 -2 123 29 37 23 17 739 21 151 13 3
Mo ppm 33 4 12 165 0 0 0 1 0 - - - 2 1 0 0
Pb ppm 4 -8 5 5 4 1 4 20 36 107 14 0 0 10 12 8
Zn ppm 11 -51 -13 -3 31 29 -3 301 140 273 145 53 12 60 68 75
Au ppb 127 141 13 39 0 2 8 2 3 -1 -1 3 0 3 0 1
Table 3.3 – Results of mass balance calculations, as listed in Table 3.2, showing / values and determined net gain (+ve)
or loss (-ve) of each element; missing values are where an element was <LOD in the altered and/or least altered sample
dataset. Lithology codes and uncertainty values for each element in each lithology ( ) are given in Table 3.1.
74
General Intense propylitic: Strong propylitic: Moderate propylitic: Sericitic:
Facies:
prop. cont. Chl-ser ± epi ± py Hem-chl-ser-epi Hem-ab-epi-chl Various facies, see Table 3.2
Calc. No. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Lithology: SST TVB BQM BQM AND BQM BQM AND BQM BQM AND BQM BQM BQM AFG
/ - 0.932 0.973 0.949 1.010 0.986 0.950 0.985 0.982 0.981 0.932 1.009 0.919 0.926 0.942 0.976
SiO2 % 3.04 -3.43 0.37 -2.15 -1.58 0.17 0.15 0.05 0.26 3.19 -1.46 9.05 3.84 4.49 0.16
Al2O3 % -1.19 0.99 0.60 -0.34 0.36 0.86 0.23 1.08 -0.06 1.56 0.61 0.53 0.64 0.66 0.97
Fe2O3 % 1.93 2.67 1.02 0.76 0.40 0.24 0.42 -0.77 -0.20 -0.03 -0.78 -0.65 0.52 0.64 0.70
CaO % 2.74 2.43 1.11 -0.60 -0.42 0.61 -0.92 -0.66 1.23 -0.17 0.89 -1.00 -1.07 -0.51 1.09
MgO % 0.89 0.79 0.47 0.74 2.10 0.31 0.60 1.17 0.09 0.01 0.65 -0.96 0.92 0.19 0.56
Na2O % -0.57 0.31 -4.53 -4.24 -2.74 -2.25 -1.37 0.23 -0.57 0.25 0.56 -4.16 -4.17 -0.33 -0.52
K2O % -1.49 -2.15 0.92 0.35 0.16 1.10 1.02 -0.83 -0.61 0.58 -1.24 1.25 1.05 -0.43 -0.55
TiO2 % 0.07 0.24 0.01 -0.04 -0.07 0.00 -0.01 -0.06 0.00 0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.02 -0.03 0.10
MnO % 0.11 0.18 0.60 0.39 0.16 0.34 0.12 0.08 0.28 0.04 0.12 -0.13 0.24 0.04 0.04
P2 O 5 % -0.04 0.18 0.00 -0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 -0.01 0.01 0.02 -0.09 -0.03 -0.02 0.06
SrO % 0.01 0.05 -0.11 -0.09 -0.11 -0.05 -0.05 -0.06 -0.03 0.02 -0.03 -0.07 -0.08 -0.04 0.04
BaO % -0.15 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 -0.04 0.06 0.05 -0.05 -0.01 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.04
C % 0.07 0.22 0.64 0.49 0.58 0.37 0.27 0.35 0.22 0.01 0.20 -0.02 0.06 0.16 0.11
S % 0.00 0.02 0.81 0.25 0.71 0.23 0.11 0.74 0.07 0.01 0.03 3.38 2.37 0.13 0.31
LOI % 1.22 1.00 3.88 4.08 4.43 2.63 1.92 2.41 1.37 0.06 1.40 3.62 3.79 1.22 1.34
Ba ppm -1241 -193 -116 60 -400 509 567 -441 -49 224 -105 -88 -18 -120 343
Cs ppm -0.13 -0.08 1.23 0.92 0.72 1.02 0.38 0.20 -0.10 -0.11 -0.19 0.18 0.86 0.20 0.05
Eu ppm 0.30 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.13 -0.02 0.06 0.15 0.07 -0.27 -0.18 0.04 0.16
Ga ppm 1.2 3.6 2.3 -1.0 1.8 0.3 -0.1 -1.1 0.6 0.0 0.5 3.1 2.4 2.3 0.0
Hf ppm 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 1.5 0.6 0.6 -1.2
Rb ppm -15.1 -38.2 89.8 59.3 50.1 41.8 12.8 -4.6 -11.1 -5.0 -23.8 63.8 74.2 3.5 -19.3
Sn ppm 1 0 0 1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 3 1 0 2
Sr ppm 77 476 -899 -922 -890 -399 -391 -410 -187 -16 -152 -574 -809 -259 273
Ta ppm 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
Th ppm 0.07 -1.02 -0.24 -0.25 -0.58 0.10 -0.28 -0.48 0.29 -0.43 -0.28 2.26 0.75 0.16 -0.70
U ppm -0.74 -0.61 -0.04 0.07 -0.17 0.01 -0.28 -0.07 0.19 -0.30 -0.40 0.91 0.66 0.26 -0.14
V ppm 105 83 -1 -30 -20 -9 -31 -21 -11 -12 -19 -28 -25 -10 39
W ppm -1 1 9 3 3 1 2 2 1 0 0 6 6 2 1
Zr ppm 1 -12 -5 -8 -17 13 20 -18 -14 -16 -15 54 27 26 -41
As ppm 0.7 2.6 7.4 -1.5 6.6 0.3 -0.9 -0.3 -1.2 -0.7 -1.1 0.9 2.6 -0.5 -3.4
Bi ppm 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.10 0.18 0.22 0.06 0.21 0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.14 0.21 0.02 0.02
Sb ppm 0.40 0.32 0.12 0.13 0.00 0.23 0.05 -0.07 0.04 -0.03 0.11 -0.06 0.00 0.01 -0.74
Se ppm -0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 2.6 1.5 0.1 0.1
Te ppm 0.01 0.02 0.29 0.02 0.10 0.15 0.00 0.19 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.20 0.23 0.01 0.01
Co ppm 3 7 3 -2 -6 2 -1 -4 -1 0 -5 7 1 -1 0
Cu ppm -109 -144 70 132 56 42 266 94 -13 -27 -40 1281 2592 363 202
Mo ppm - -1 1 3 0 1 3 0 -1 0 -1 10 3 0 2
Pb ppm 0 1 33 2 -2 43 4 -4 12 5 -1 3 579 6 3
Zn ppm 7 51 1049 63 -39 205 33 -27 101 36 -37 -24 781 43 56
Au ppb 1 -1 8 -1 19 1 0 1 -1 -1 -1 8 15 2 0
Table 3.3 continued
75
Fig. 3.4 – Results of mass balance calculations in several lithologies showing determined net gain (+ve) or loss (-ve) of each
element; error bars correspond to for the appropriate lithology, as given in Table 3.1. Components measured in wt.
% are plotted on the left, and in ppm on the right; note changes in the y-axis scale to facilitate plotting. (a) calculations 1-
4, representing strong to intense potassic, K-feldspar-dominated alteration; (b) calculations 5-7, representing strong to
intense magnetite ± biotite-dominated potassic alteration; (c) calculations 8-18, representing all strong to intense
examples of propylitic alteration, variously dominated by chlorite and epidote. Calculations 1, 5 and 8 are based on a large
number of analysed BQM samples and are plotted separately in dark blue as indicated.
76
Fig. 3.5 – Results of mass balance calculations for varying intensities of propylitic alteration in lithologies as indicated;
other details are the same as for Figure 3.4. (a) calculations 19-21, representing intense propylitic alteration dominated by
chlorite and sericite, effectively the innermost alteration halos of P1 veins; (b) calculations 22-24, representing strong
propylitic alteration dominated by chlorite and epidote with sericite and hematite, effectively the transitional halo of P1
veins; (c) calculations 25-27, representing moderate strength propylitic alteration dominated by chlorite and epidote with
hematite reddened albite, effectively the outermost halo of P1 veins.
77
Fig. 3.6 – Results of mass balance calculations for alteration zones developed around the sericitic veins; other details are
the same as for Figure 3.4. (a) calculation 28, representing vein-proximal, intense and texturally-destructive quartz-sericite-
pyrite alteration in BQM; (b) calculation 29, representing transitional sericite-chlorite alteration in BQM; (c) calculation 30,
representing slightly more vein-distal transitional assemblages in BQM when epidote is present; (d) calculation 31,
representing spatially restricted, most vein-distal fringe of propylitic mineralogy in AFG.
78
3.4.2 Mobile elements
Several elements were consistently mobilised throughout all of the studied alteration facies: SiO2, Al2O3,
Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, S, Ba, Rb, Sr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Other elements, including, Ga, V, Zr, W, As, Se, Mo
and Au were mobilised only during particular types of alteration, often with their net addition/loss
dependant on alteration intensity (Figs. 3.4-3.6).
The direction and magnitude of major element metasomatism (i.e. net loss or gain) was controlled by the
type and abundance of minerals present in the host rock, and the extent to which they were destroyed,
traded-off against the type and abundance of the secondary minerals that were developed. For example,
in K-feldspar-dominated potassic alteration, although SiO2, K2O and Al2O3 were consistently added to all
lithologies, the extent of addition was lowest in the markedly felsic trachytes and trachytic volcanic
breccias, as they were already enriched in these components and lacked abundant reactive phases (Fig.
3.4a). Likewise, although Fe2O3 was typically lost (as primary mafic phases were destroyed), given the
limited abundance of primary mafic minerals in such felsic rocks, formation of Fe-bearing ore sulphides
outweighed this loss in one example (Calculation 3), such that Fe2O3 was net-gained (Fig. 3.4a). Regardless,
the processes and reactions which occurred in all instances were the same. Similarly, when comparing the
net effects of propylitic alteration of varying intensity together, it appears that some elements were
variably lost or gained, e.g. SiO2 and Al2O3 (Fig. 3.4c). Yet, with more detailed investigation (Fig. 3.5), it
becomes clear that such changes were, in fact, systematic, controlled principally by the intensity of
alteration.
The behaviour of several minor and trace elements may follow that of geochemically similar major elements,
e.g. net gain/loss of Rb often mimics changes in K2O (seen clearly in Fig. 3.6). Alternatively, some minor
elements were controlled almost exclusively by the reaction of the key minerals in which they resided, e.g.
net gain/loss of Ba and Sr exhibits a strong correlation with the formation/destruction of feldspars (see
section 3.5).
Generally, the extent of bulk mass gain is shown to decrease from the potassic to propylitic alteration facies,
and, around the sericitic veins, from the sericitic to propylitic alteration zones. Bulk mass gain also
decreases with progression from most intense to least intense alteration within any given facies. Volatile
components (represented by LOI) are consistently net added in all facies, but the largest gains in LOI are
associated with sericitic and propylitic alteration.
There is a systematic, broadly complementary geochemical relationship between propylitic alteration and
both potassic and sericitic alteration (Figs. 3.4, 3.6). The latter two facies, despite their different mineral
assemblages, had similar geochemical effects: in most cases SiO2, K2O, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, S, Cu and Au were
gained, and Fe2O3, CaO, MnO and MgO were lost. In contrast, during propylitic alteration, Fe2O3, CaO, MnO
and MgO, together with Zn and Pb were net added, and Na2O, K2O and Si2O3 were often removed. Similar
geochemical transitions are observed with progression from most to least intense propylitic alteration (Fig. 3.5).
79
3.5 D ISCUSSION : THE NET CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ALTERATION
3.5.1 Potassic, K-feldspar alteration
In all examples, this potassic facies was associated with significant addition of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, S, Cu, Mo
and Au together with minor addition of Ga, W and Se (Fig. 3.4a). Naturally, this is consistent with the
development of K-feldspar and biotite, accompanied by general silicification and the formation of
disseminated ore sulphides (dominated by auriferous bornite and chalcopyrite). Rb was also typically
gained, demonstrating a strong affinity with K2O, which it presumably substituted for in biotite and K-
feldspar. LOI values were increased in the majority of examples, attesting to the addition of volatiles which
must be largely present as OH in mica; notable C was only added in one sample.
/
Potassic alteration shows the largest extent of mass gain ( 0.88) and, although samples inevitably
included occasional biotite (K1), K-feldspar-sulphide (K2) and quartz-sulphide (K3) veins that could account
for some mass gain, no samples contained significant quartz vein stockworks. Thus, to some extent, this
result probably reflects an increase in rock density.
MnO and, in most cases, Fe2O3 were mobilised out of the rock during potassic alteration, whereas MgO was
slightly lost or gained. This appears to reflect the destruction of abundant primary magnetite and biotite,
along with rarer pyroxene and hornblende, but would have been a trade-off against the extent of
secondary biotite development that was, in turn, partly controlled by host lithology.
Similarly, CaO and Na2O were variously mobilised but, in the majority of cases, CaO was lost. Both elements
were principally hosted in plagioclase, along with minor pyroxene and hornblende, all of which were
destroyed and replaced by quartz-K-feldspar ± biotite. Evidently, Ca was mostly liberated by these
reactions, although, under oxidised conditions where sulphate anions were stable, it may have been
reprecipitated as anhydrite. Na could also have been incorporated into both secondary K-feldspar and
biotite. Bulk gain or loss of CaO and Na2O was therefore controlled by the abundance of plagioclase in the
original rock and the extent of replacement, i.e. alteration intensity.
Large uncertainties exist for Sr and Ba in several calculations. Where significant gain or loss of these
elements is indicated, the patterns are inconsistent, suggesting their mobility was controlled by the
availability of suitable host minerals such as plagioclase and mica, rather than the physicochemical
conditions of alteration.
V, Pb, Zn and As typically demonstrate insignificant gain or loss and can be considered to have been
broadly immobile in this alteration domain. Co, within uncertainty, shows a consistent but trivial loss of ≤3
ppm, whereas Zr was clearly added by ≤37 ppm.
Results are in excellent agreement with changes documented for potassic alteration at the Bingham,
Darrehzar, Maher-Abad and Bajo de la Alumbrera deposits in which K2O, S, C, LOI, Cu, Au, Mo, Rb and Se
were consistently gained, along with SiO2 and Al2O3 in most instances. CaO, Sr, Fe2O3 and Na2O were
80
typically lost and MnO, Zn and Pb show variable minor gain or loss. P2O5 and TiO2 remained immobile
(Baumgartner and Olsen, 1995; Ulrich and Heinrich, 2002; Derakhshani and Abdolzadeh, 2009; Siahcheshm
et al., 2014).
In contrast, it was suggested by van Dongen et al. (2010) that depletion of P and Ti together with Zr and
REE is commonplace during potassic alteration in porphyry systems, based on a study of whole rock REE
patterns and mineralogical observations at the Ok Tedi Cu-Au deposit of Papua New Guinea. van Dongen
et al. (2010) also postulated that such losses could potentially account for the lower concentrations of REE
documented in the mineralised, K-feldspar-dominated QMP intrusions at Northparkes (see section 2.5.2).
However, the demonstrated immobile behaviour of the REE, Ti and P, along with addition of Zr in this study,
argues against this hypothesis. Rather, the lower abundance of REE in these intrinsically strongly
potassically-altered intrusions is most simply explained as a result of bulk mass gain.
3.5.2 Potassic, magnetite ± biotite alteration

The magnetite ± biotite alteration annulus shares some similarities with the central K-feldspar-dominated
potassic facies, typically showing an increase in SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, S, volatiles/LOI, Rb, Cu and Au (Fig. 3.4b).
However, by comparison, the magnitude of these gains was much reduced, particularly for K2O, Rb, Cu, Au
and S, which were even immobile within uncertainty in some examples. These changes were expressed
mineralogically by a far lower abundance of sulphides, secondary K-feldspar (which may not be present)
and biotite. Silicification still occurred and plagioclase was altered, but usually shows partial replacement
by sericite rather than total destruction and replacement by K-feldspar. Although no samples contained
/
veins, magnetite ± biotite alteration was also characterised by bulk mass gain ( 0.91).
Despite the ubiquitous presence of magnetite and common occurrence of biotite, Fe2O3 and MgO were
broadly immobile in the BQM, indicating that Fe and Mg were probably just locally transferred from original
mafic sites into larger, but more dispersed clots containing the secondary minerals. More typically
however, especially in the markedly felsic trachytic volcanic breccias which lack any significant primary
mafic minerals, Fe2O3 and MgO were both gained during this alteration as magnetite and biotite were
developed.
Changes in CaO are correlated with changes in Sr, both of which were lost in the BQM at the same time as
Na2O was gained, suggesting a control by plagioclase. However, it is unclear if this resulted from conversion
of anorthitic plagioclase into sericite, or through limited replacement of anorthitic plagioclase by quartz-
K-feldspar-albite. Although Na is more easily accommodated in the latter assemblage, sericitisation is more
commonly observed.
Ba and MnO were consistently gained in this alteration facies, and Zn was also clearly added in the majority
of samples. Further, minor addition of Ga and As occurred and, although Pb generally remained immobile
within uncertainty, it too appears to trend toward slight addition. In contrast, Mo, W and Se were immobile.
V, Co and Zr were variously added or lost, seemingly dependent on lithology.
81
3.5.3 Propylitic alteration
/
The majority of propylitic alteration was mass conservative ( 0.97; Fig. 3.4c) and, for many elements,
the geochemical effects of ‘average’ propylitic alteration may be considered as the inverse of potassic, K-
feldspar-dominated alteration (c.f. Fig. 3.4a and c). SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and Rb were often lost, and net addition
of CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, MnO, C, As and Co was common. Zn and Pb were also typically gained, Zn often more
so than Cu, and there was significant enrichment of volatiles/LOI. Such changes reflect the development
of chlorite and epidote along with variable quantities of phengitic sericite, pyrite, hematite and albite.
These trends are similar to those reported for the Bajo de la Alumbrera, Darrehzar and Maher-Abad
deposits, where propylitic alteration was associated with consistent gain of C, LOI, Fe2O3, MnO, Zn, Pb and
in most cases MgO, and loss of K2O, Na2O, SiO2 and Rb (Ulrich and Heinrich, 2002; Derakhshani and
Abdolzadeh, 2009; Siahcheshm et al., 2014).
Of all the alteration facies at Northparkes, the propylitic zone is perhaps the most spatially heterogeneous,
with alteration intensity largely controlled by the permeability and mineralogy of host rocks. The scatter in
results for the average propylitic alteration calculations (Fig. 3.4c) is largely due to the grouping together
of different protoliths which exhibit variable alteration intensity. When the subcategories of propylitic
alteration, based on alteration intensity, are considered separately for only two main protoliths (Fig. 3.5),
far more consistent trends are observed. These subcategories, discussed below, show a consistent spatial
relationship with one another. Around P1 propylitic veins the most intense, vein-proximal propylitic
alteration grades outwards into progressively weaker propylitic alteration, accompanied by systematic
changes in the alteration minerals that are present until, in some instances, mostly fresh rocks are
encountered (see sections 2.6.4, 3.1; Figs. 2.20l, 3.7a). Such zonation, on the scale of 4 cm to >4 m around
P1 veins, is interpreted to represent a gradual transition toward fluid-rock equilibrium with progression
away from areas of fracture-focused fluid flow. Consequently, it is possible to present the calculated
element transfers as a series of profiles to illustrate geochemical dispersion around the P1 propylitic veins
(Fig. 3.7), using the most robust calculations based on average BQM compositions.
82
Intense propylitic alteration
The most intense propylitic alteration was
plagioclase, K-feldspar, magnetite and biotite
destructive, with replacement by chlorite and
phengite, accompanied by varying abundances of
epidote, pyrite and minor calcite. The formation of
such minerals imparted a dark green colouration to
the rock and resulted in the metasomatic addition
of Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, C, S and volatiles/LOI (Fig. 3.5a).
Al2O3 appears to have been broadly conserved in
these reactions. CaO was bulk gained or lost
depending on the original abundance of Ca in
plagioclase, and the extent of plagioclase
destruction, compared to the development of
epidote and calcite. Na2O was stripped from the
rock, largely representing the removal of Na in
plagioclase. Similarly, Sr and Ba were very strongly
depleted, again probably due to feldspar
destruction. SiO2 may have been leached as
generally felsic minerals were replaced by mafic
minerals, including local destruction of some
primary quartz, however, SiO2 was reprecipitated as
quartz both in vein centres and as overgrowths on
relict grains. Consequently, the observed net gain
Fig. 3.7 – Geochemical changes in the BQM associated

with the progression from most intense to weakest
propylitic alteration and corresponding to changes
observed around P1 veins. (a) mineral distribution; (b) bulk
mass change, expressed as calculated / values; (c-t)
dispersion profiles for selected elements in terms of net
concentration changes relative to least altered BQM. Data
points from left to right in each plot (b-t) correspond to
calculations 19, 22 and 25 respectively; the far right point
in each plot marks assumed fluid-rock equilibrium, i.e. zero
net change. Data is plotted to demonstrate the
approximate relative distances between alteration
domains of various intensity, but absolute values vary,
with the progression taking place within 10’s cm around
some veins to 10’s m in other areas, presumably dependent
on permeability and total fluid flux.
83
or loss of SiO2 is dependent on the scale at which remobilisation occurred vs. the scale of sampling. Where
samples include veins, minor net addition of SiO2 is evidenced.
During intense propylitic alteration, MnO was consistently net added to rocks, usually together with Zn, Cu
and sometimes Pb; Au may even have been added by up to 20 ppb. Cu, Zn and Pb can rarely be observed
as specks of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Mn, Zn and Pb were further accommodated by
substitution for other divalent cations in the assemblage, particularly within chlorite, epidote and/or
phengite (Chapter 4). W, As and Rb were also gained within this facies. The mineralogical residence of W is
unknown, but As may have been accommodated readily in pyrite and epidote (e.g. Cooke et al., 2014a;
Gregory et al., 2015). Rb gain is correlated with the addition of K2O, Rb probably having substituted for K in
phengite. V and Zr either remained immobile or were slightly lost.
Strong propylitic alteration

Within this facies, MgO, MnO, Fe2O3, K2O, C, S, H, Cu, Zn, Pb, Rb and volatiles/LOI were still typically gained
and Sr and Na2O were still lost during alteration (Fig. 3.5b); however, in all cases, these changes were of
lower magnitude compared to the more intense propylitic alteration discussed above (Figs. 3.5, 3.7).
Correspondingly, less feldspar destruction occurred (some primary K-feldspar and plagioclase was retained)
and the abundances of phengite, chlorite and pyrite were reduced. In contrast, epidote abundance increased
yet, despite this, CaO was net removed in most cases, indicating that loss from anorthitic plagioclase was still
more significant. The abundance of hematite also increased, often being developed as micro inclusions in
altered feldspars, thus, samples have an overall brownish-red colouration, peppered with green epidote,
as opposed to the pervasive dark green colour of more intensely altered examples. SiO2 demonstrates
overall immobility but Al2O3 was often slightly gained, implying that more Al was required to form the
chlorite-epidote-phengite assemblage than was liberated by feldspar-biotite destruction.
Moderate propylitic alteration

This subcategory of propylitic alteration, perhaps the most widespread at Northparkes, typically shows net
addition of MnO, C, H, Zn, Pb and volatiles/LOI (Fig. 3.5c). However, once again, the magnitude of these
gains was lower than in the other, more intense, propylitic facies (Figs. 3.5, 3.7). MgO may still have been
added but was often broadly immobile, with chlorite limited to in situ replacement of biotite and other
mafic minerals. For many other elements, geochemical changes were frequently the inverse to those
evidenced in more intense propylitic alteration, and may be thought of as complementary. For example,
CaO, Na2O and SiO2, lost from areas of stronger propylitic alteration, appear to have been added back in
this facies as extensive albite, epidote and calcite were developed. Al2O3 was also gained in some examples.
Primary K-feldspar remained largely stable but, along with albite, took on a bright cherry-red colouration
owing to the incorporation of abundant disseminated hematite. However, K2O, along with Rb, was often
slightly lost overall, reflecting the chloritisation of biotite and lack of significant phengite. S was no longer
added and pyrite was not developed as part of the assemblage.
84
3.5.4 Sericitic alteration/veins
The sericitic veins comprise centres of quartz
and/or anhydrite ± pyrite ± chalcopyrite ±
molybdenite ± magnetite and occur in relation to
syn- and late-mineralisation QMP bodies at E26 and
GRP314, where they both cut, and are cut by,
potassic and propylitic veins. Alteration halos
developed around the sericitic veins display a
distinct zonation in the alteration mineral
assemblage. For veins located outside the potassic
facies of the deposits, this zonation grades outward
from intense vein-proximal, texturally-destructive
grey quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration into a weak,
spatially restricted fringe of vein-distal epidote-
chlorite-hematite alteration (see section 2.6.6).
Mass balance calculations quantify the changes
which occur (Fig. 3.6), and show the distribution of
elements throughout these alteration halos (Fig.
3.8).
The net geochemical changes associated with

intense, vein-proximal, quartz-sericite-pyrite
alteration (Fig. 3.6a) were in many ways similar to
those associated with K-feldspar-dominated
potassic alteration (Fig. 3.4a). The concentrations of
SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, S, volatiles/LOI, Rb, Cu, Au and Mo
were increased, whereas Fe2O3, Na2O, CaO, MgO,
Fig. 3.8 – Geochemical changes in BQM (blue circles) and
AFG (red triangles) reflecting the zoned alteration halos,
described in the text, for sericitic veins at E26 and GRP314.
(a) mineral distribution; (b) bulk mass change, expressed
/
as calculated values; (c-t) dispersion profiles for
selected elements in terms of net concentration changes
relative to least altered BQM or AFG. Data points from left
to right in each plot (b-t) correspond to calculations 28, 29,
30 and 31 respectively; the far right point in each plot
marks assumed fluid-rock equilibrium, i.e. zero net change.
Data are plotted to demonstrate the approximate relative
distances between the alteration domains, but absolute
values vary depending on the size of the vein from <10 cm
to ~2 m.
85
MnO, Sr and Ba were consistently lost. Pb, Zn and V remained broadly immobile or were slightly lost.
Formation of the major quartz-sericite-pyrite ± chalcopyrite ± molybdenite assemblage was the clear
driver of this alteration, requiring metasomatic addition of the essential major components: SiO2, Al2O3,
K2O, S, Cu, Mo and volatiles/LOI. Minor Rb could have been readily incorporated into this assemblage by
substitution for K, and minor Au could have been accommodated within pyrite (e.g. Gregory et al., 2015)
and/or perhaps as fine native inclusions throughout the assemblage. Destruction of all other minerals,
largely feldspar, magnetite and biotite, may account for the observed loss of other elements.
With increasing distance from veins, sericite became phengitic and was accompanied by chlorite and
eventually epidote, and the abundances of pyrite and quartz were reduced. These changes were reflected
by a systematic decrease in the net addition of SiO2, K2O, S, LOI and Rb, meanwhile elements that were
leached during intense sericitisation - Fe2O3 MgO and MnO - were added, effectively having been mobilised
outwards (Fig. 3.6b-c, Fig. 3.8). Evidently, Cu, Zn and Pb complexes were rapidly destabilised during this
progression from intense quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration to phengitic sericite-chlorite alteration, with
significant net gain of these elements occurring in the latter, and resulting in the formation of a
pronounced geochemical halo (Fig. 3.8f,n,p). Such similar behaviour of these metals perhaps suggests they
were complexed by the same ligand (likely Cl-); in contrast, the behaviour of Mo was independent, with Mo
concentrations simply decreasing away from veins (Fig. 3.8h). CaO, Sr, Ba and V continued to be lost
throughout this transitional sericite-chlorite domain as feldspars were still destroyed and these elements
could not be readily accommodated in either chlorite or sericite.
The spatially-restricted assemblage of epidote-chlorite-hematite, formed as an outermost fringe to the

sericitic veins, resulted from the net gain of previously leached CaO, Sr, Ba and V, along with continued
addition of Fe2O3, MgO, Al2O3, S, volatiles/LOI, Cu and Zn (Figs. 3.6d, 3.8). C was also added within this
domain as calcite was precipitated. SiO2 was typically broadly conserved. Conversely, K2O and Na2O were
slightly lost, probably reflecting their inability to easily substitute into epidote, or the other major phases
formed in this zone, during continued replacement of feldspar. Several of these geochemical changes are
similar to those which occurred during general, deposit-peripheral propylitic alteration, with the notable
exception that Cu was consistently net added to a significantly greater extent than Zn. The transition from
sericite-chlorite through to epidote-chlorite-hematite domains is also chemically similar to the progression
from the most intense to least intense propylitic facies (c.f. Figs. 3.7 and 3.8). Further, it was noted above
that the intense, vein-proximal quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration is markedly similar in its geochemical
effects to the deposit-central K-feldspar-dominated potassic facies. These observations strongly suggest
that there is a complete geochemical and mineralogical continuum between potassic, sericitic and
86
3.6 D ISCUSSION : GEOCHEMICAL DISPERSION WITHIN PORPHYRY SYSTEMS
Given the broadly concentric spatial relationship
between the potassic and propylitic alteration
zones at Northparkes, gains and losses within each
of these facies effectively represent the
geochemical dispersion of elements throughout
the magmatic-hydrothermal system during the
early, and mineralising, stages of its evolution (Fig.
3.9).
3.6.1 Dispersion profiles

Overall, the trend was from mass gain in K-feldspar-
dominated potassic alteration, through to broadly
mass-conservative propylitic alteration (Fig. 3.9b).
This was accompanied by a smooth reduction in
the net addition of S, K2O and Al2O3 (Fig. 3.9d-g)
with distance from intrusive centres. Behaviour of
SiO2 was similar, except during intense propylitic
alteration, when relatively mafic chlorite and
epidote replaced more felsic, feldspar-quartz-
dominated assemblages, resulting in slight net loss
(Fig. 3.9c). The magnitude of net Cu, Au, Mo and Se
addition decreased rapidly with distance (Fig.
3.9f,h,j). In contrast, MnO, Zn, Pb and C display a
pronounced halo, with maximum enrichment
having occurred ~1-2 km from deposit centres (Fig.
3.9n,p,q,s). With the exception of locally minor
quantities of MnO and SiO2, none of these elements
Fig. 3.9 – Geochemical changes in BQM reflecting the

progression from deposit-central K-feldspar-dominated
potassic alteration (yellow shading), through potassic
magnetite ± biotite alteration (grey shading) and out to
propylitic alteration (green shading). (a) mineral
distribution; (b) bulk mass change, expressed as calculated
/
values; (c-t) dispersion profiles for selected elements
in terms of net concentration changes relative to least
altered BQM. Data points from left to right in each plot (b-
t) correspond to calculations 1, 5 and 8 respectively; the far
right point in each plot marks assumed fluid-rock
equilibrium, i.e. zero net change.
87
were lost during alteration and therefore must have been present in the alteration fluid at its source.
Consequently, the systematic zonation observed must reflect gradually changing physicochemical
conditions and hence the solubility of key mineral phases and the stability of the aqueous complexes
formed by these elements.
Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, As and Co were leached from country rocks during potassic alteration and were gained
during propylitic alteration (Fig. 3.9k,m,o,r,t), suggesting they were simply mobilised outwards. However,
the volume of potassically-altered rock was relatively small compared to the volume of propylitically
altered rock in which these elements were gained, and the magnitude of these gains was either equal to,
or greater than, the magnitude of earlier losses. Hence, at least some Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, As and Co must also
have been contributed by the alteration fluid.
Na2O, Sr and Rb were variably mobilised (Fig. 3.9i,l), with changes appearing to reflect the stable mineral
assemblage. Sr seems to have been controlled entirely by feldspar, its removal directly correlated to the
observed extent of feldspar destruction. Na2O was initially slightly gained during magnetite-dominated
potassic alteration, likely resulting from substitution into sericite and biotite. It was then lost during intense
propylitic alteration, having been mobilised outwards into peripheral, weaker propylitic alteration where
it was incorporated during extensive albitisation. Rb was controlled entirely by its substitution for K in
various minerals.
3.6.2 Physicochemical considerations

The observed geochemical dispersion profiles are best considered as a function of the initial element
budget of the alteration fluid, the mineralogy of country rocks and the changing physicochemical
conditions during fluid-rock interaction.
With increasing distance from porphyry centres and zones of fracture-focused fluid flow, temperature is
expected to have decreased. For original, magmatic-derived ore fluids, rich in dissolved SO2, such cooling
would naturally have led to the increased dissociation of H2SO4 and hence may have lowered fluid pH
before eventual buffering and neutralisation with country rock (e.g. Giggenbach, 1992; Rye, 1993). Rapid
outwards progression from bornite to chalcopyrite to pyrite, together with a reduction in the overall
abundance of sulphides with distance from a porphyry centre, must also reflect a decrease in S2 (Einaudi
et al., 2003). Changes in O2 are unconstrained and, as highlighted by Meyer and Hemley (1967), there is
an intricate, variably interdependent relationship between O2, S2, pH and therefore temperature. The
presence of anhydrite in deposit centres and the abundance of disseminated magnetite, hematite and
epidote attests to moderate to highly oxidising conditions throughout the Northparkes system, although
the precipitation of such minerals could have progressively reduced the O2 of the alteration fluid. The
transition from Fe sulphides to Fe oxide minerals outwards therefore probably reflected a systematic
decrease in fluid S2, as any reduction in O2 would not have favoured oxide formation.
88
Pressure fluctuations in the system could have been large if (supra)lithostatically pressured magmatic
fluid(s) escaped directly into shallow crustal levels where hydrostatic pressure conditions predominated.
Although sudden pressure reduction may aid the rapid precipitation of quartz in stockwork veins, the
pressure sensitivity of most minerals is negligible compared to temperature dependency, and it is unlikely
that pressure was a significant control over the alteration mineral zones developed (e.g. Hemley et al., 1986;
Rimstidt, 1997; Seward and Barnes, 1997; Mercer and Reed, 2013; Seward et al., 2014).
Based on thermodynamic modelling, Reed et al. (2013) demonstrated how, as a consequence of cooling,
fluid-rock interaction and concomitant pH changes, a singular magmatic-derived fluid may generate each
of the potassic, sericitic, propylitic and argillic alteration facies. Although developed for the Butte porphyry
Cu-Mo deposit, Montana, such a model is perhaps the simplest explanation for the observed mineralogical
and element net transfer patterns observed at Northparkes, which define a continuum between all
alteration types. Here, it is envisaged that the entire alteration system around each porphyry intrusive
centre was driven by a magmatic-derived ore fluid during its upwards and outwards infiltration into the
country rock sequence.
3.6.3 Fluid evolution

At its source, the fluid must have contained in solution: Na, K, Al, Si, Mg, Mn, Cu, Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Se, W, Ga
and Rb along with S, C and appropriate ligands, Cl- being perhaps the most important for transport of
monovalent and divalent metal cations (e.g. Seward and Barnes, 1997; Seward et al., 2014). Initial high
temperatures and significant levels of dissolved Si, K, S and Al drove formation of a quartz, K-feldspar,
biotite and sulphide assemblage. This assemblage also incorporated minor Se (likely within sulphides, e.g.
Minkin et al., 1984; Auclair et al., 1987), W (likely within biotite, e.g. Simon, 1972; Bouton et al., 1987) and
Rb and Ga (likely within K-feldspar and biotite, e.g. Goldsmith, 1950; Mason, 1972; Timofeev and Williams-
Jones, 2015). Anhydrite, being least soluble in high temperature environments (Blounot and Dickson, 1969)
and, given suitable O2 conditions and Ca activity, may have been an additional coexisting precipitate. The
lower stability of Cu, Au and Mo complexes compared to Mn, Zn and Pb complexes (e.g. Seward and Barnes,
1997; Corbett and Leach, 1998) resulted in auriferous Cu-sulphide formation with minor molybdenite,
while Mn, Zn and Pb complexes remained stable and did not partake in alteration reactions. Depending on
which minerals were destroyed, and the extent of destruction, the concentration of Fe, Ca, Mn, As and Co
may have been increased in the fluid. For example, liberation of Ca during the conversion of anorthitic
plagioclase to K-feldspar:
CaAl Si O 2K 4Si → 2KAlSi O Ca (3.8)

Anorthitic K-feldspar
plagioclase
Thus, by a combination of direct precipitation and replacement reactions, the fluid was progressively
depleted in Si, K, S, Al, Cu, Au and Mo, and variously enriched in Fe, Ca, Mn, As and Co as it cooled and its
89
pH began to decrease. Eventually, K-feldspar was no longer a stable alteration mineral and the abundance
of Cu-sulphides rapidly decreased. Rather, magnetite was the most stable alteration phase, although
biotite may still have been intergrown with it. In markedly felsic rocks, such as trachytic volcanic breccias,
some magnetite ± biotite must also have been directly precipitated from the fluid into available pore space
and fractures, resulting in net Fe and Mg addition to the rock. In other lithologies, magnetite ± biotite may
have been developed by replacement of primary mafic grains, broadly conserving Fe, for example
replacement of hornblende:
Ca Mg Fe Al, Si O OH K Mg
Hornblende (3.9)
→ Fe O KMg Al, Si O OH 4SiO 2Ca
Mag. Biotite Quartz
The concentration of K, Al, Si and Na in the fluid was further lowered by the formation of minor sericite and
quartz in the magnetite ± biotite facies. Often these minerals replaced plagioclase and K-feldspar, assisted
by the slightly acidic fluid pH. For example, assuming simplified end-member feldspars and sericite of
muscovite composition with only Na substitution:
6KAlSi O 4H → KNaAl Al Si O OH 12SiO 5K (3.10)

K-feldspar Sericite Quartz
3CaAl Si O 4H K Na → KNaAl Al Si O OH 3Ca (3.11)

Anorthitic Sericite
plagioclase
3NaAlSi O 4H K 3Al
Albitic (3.12)
plagioclase
→ KNaAl Al Si O OH 2Na 3Si
Sericite
Similarly, surplus S remaining after Cu (and Mo) sulphide deposition may have been utilised to develop
disseminated pyrite, which incorporated As and Co (e.g. Large et al., 2009; Gregory et al., 2015). Ca- and Sr-
bearing phases were evidently soluble under the conditions extant in the magnetite ± biotite zone, such
that these elements were fluxed through it, and even added to the fluid via further plagioclase dissolution
(e.g. Eq. 3.11). Mn, Zn and Pb complexes must have largely remained in solution and again were mostly
fluxed through the magnetite ± biotite zone.
This evolution produced an alteration fluid easily capable of driving propylitic alteration: it was now mildly
acidic and enriched in Ca and Fe, while initial Mg, Mn, Zn, Pb and C were still present in solution along with
remaining minor S, K, Cu and As. With continued cooling this fluid initially produced chlorite and phengitic
sericite, with minor epidote, pyrite and rare chalcopyrite, at the expense of all feldspars and mafic minerals,
largely magnetite and biotite. Replacement of minerals such as plagioclase with sericite (Eq. 3.12) and
chlorite (Eq. 3.13) may have consumed quartz and/or liberated Si into solution, accounting for the localised
net Si loss observed. Further, several such reactions of this form, also including simple chloritisation of
90
biotite (Eq. 3.14) can involve consumption of H+ and therefore could have rapidly neutralised remaining
fluid acidity.
CaAl Si O 5SiO 8H 3Mg 2Fe

Anorthitic Quartz (3.13)
plagioclase
→ Mg Fe Al AlSi O OH 4Si Ca
Chlorite
2KMg AlSi O OH 4H
Biotite (3.14)
→ Mg Al AlSi O OH 2K Mg 3SiO
Chlorite Quartz
Mn, Zn and Pb were significantly net added to the rock at this point, some Zn and Pb formed minor
sphalerite and galena, but Mn, Zn and Pb were also accommodated to high concentrations in the major
silicate mineral assemblage, particularly within chlorite, epidote and sericite (Chapter 4). The relatively
rapid loss of Mn, Zn and Pb from the fluid was probably a result of both continued cooling and pH
neutralisation, such processes may rapidly destabilise the chloride complexes of these metals (e.g. Hemley
et al., 1992; Hemley and Hunt, 1992; Seward and Barnes, 1997; Kouzmanov and Pokrovski, 2012).
The concentrations of K and Al in solution were now finally in broad equilibrium with the rock, such that
they were no longer metasomatically added or lost. Meanwhile, the concentrations of several more minor
solutes, particularly Cu and As, were much reduced, having been effectively scavenged into
pyrite/chalcopyrite. Indeed, provided enough sulphur was available, such elements could have been
entirely removed from the fluid phase (e.g. Audétat et al., 2000; Stoffell et al., 2004). However, the fluid still
contained Ca, which may have been mostly liberated by reactions until this point (e.g. Eqs. 3.8, 3.9, 3.11,
3.13), along with Fe, Mg and much initial C as major solutes. Thus, yet further cooling (probably to ≤425oC;
Beane and Titley, 1981), of this now broadly neutral fluid stabilised the formation of epidote and calcite
alongside chlorite and hematite. Primary K-feldspar was no longer significantly altered, chlorite was mostly
restricted to replacement of primary mafic phases (e.g. Eq. 3.14) and most epidote and calcite was
developed at the expense of plagioclase, for example:
6NaAlSi O H O HCO 7Ca 3Fe

Albitic (3.15)
plagioclase
→ 3Ca FeAl Si O OH 5SiO CaCO 4Si 6Na
Epidote Quartz Calcite
Still, such plagioclase destruction may continue to liberate Na and Sr, such that final equilibration of the
fluid with the country rock was marked by simple albitisation with hematite reddening. This process may
explain why Sr is mobilised to the periphery of the propylitic halo around porphyry deposits, and hence
the distal increase in the Sr concentration recorded in chlorite around the Batu Hijau deposit (Wilkinson et
al., 2015).
91
Fluids within the sericitic veins
The alteration zonation around the sericitic veins may also be explained in a similar fashion. Here, the
intensity and abundance of sericite in the vein-proximal alteration halo attests to a fluid of particularly low
pH, again probably owing to the dissociation of contained acidic species such as H2SO4 and HCl. It is
therefore envisaged as a relatively cool, late-stage magmatic fluid that was focussed into discrete fractures.
The intense, vein-proximal quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration assemblage reflects acid neutralisation
reactions at high fluid:rock ratios (e.g. Eqs. 3.10-3.12), during which quartz and sulphides were precipitated.
Such processes naturally lowered the concentration of K, Si and S in the fluid, however, as all feldspars and
mafic minerals were destroyed, Ca, Fe, Mg and Na were leached. Thus, upon continued outward cooling
and neutralisation toward lower fluid:rock ratios, chlorite and eventually epidote and hematite were once
again stabilised and these solutes reprecipitated. Sulphides were stable within the sericitic veins,
evidenced by the presence of molybdenite, pyrite and minor chalcopyrite in both the centre and quartz-
sericite-pyrite altered margins of the veins. However, the majority of Cu, together with Zn and Pb, was net
added in the slightly more vein-distal sericite-chlorite subzone, strongly suggesting that pH neutralisation,
rather than temperature decrease, was largely responsible for the rapid destabilisation of their aqueous
complexes.
3.7 C ONCLUSIONS
Mass balance calculations for potassic, propylitic and sericitic alteration facies at Northparkes have
rigorously quantified the transfer of elements during fluid-rock interaction. The REE, along with P, Ti, Cs,
Sn, Bi, Sb and Te remained broadly immobile throughout all alteration zones. Hf, Ta, Nb and U were also
essentially immobile, but Zr demonstrates some mobility, with calculated gain or loss typically <30 ppm,
supported by the occurrence of propylitic, hydrothermal zircon.
Deposit-central, K-feldspar-dominated potassic alteration resulted in ~12% bulk mass gain, with net
addition of Si, Al, K, S, Cu, Mo, Au, Ga, W, Se, Rb, volatiles/LOI and C. In contrast, Mn, Co and, in most cases,
Fe and Ca were lost, while Mg, Zn, Pb and As remained mostly immobile. The annulus of magnetite ±
biotite-dominated potassic alteration developed around deposits similarly involved bulk mass gain (~8%)
with net addition of Si, Al, K, S, Cu, Au, Rb and volatiles/LOI. However, all such changes were to a lesser
extent than in the K-feldspar-dominated facies. Consistent, although variable, addition of Mn, Na, Ba, Zn,
Ga and As also occurred, but Mo, W and Se were not added. Fe and Mg either remained immobile or were
gained in this magnetite ± biotite domain, whereas Ca, Sr and Co may have been added or lost, with
changes in these elements appearing to have been controlled largely by host rock mineralogy. Deposit-
peripheral propylitic alteration was largely mass conservative and, in the most general sense, resulted in
net addition of Fe, Mg, Ca, C, volatiles/LOI, Mn, Zn and Pb along with minor S, Cu, As and Co, often
accompanied by loss of Si, K, Na, Sr and Rb.
92
The results demonstrate that propylitic alteration associated with the Northparkes porphyry ore deposits
was heterogeneous, involved extensive metasomatism and was clearly related to deposition of Mn, Zn and
frequently Pb. This domain was an essential component of the hydrothermal system, with metasomatic
changes complementary and often inverse to those in the potassic and sericitic facies. In light of these
results and similar, albeit more limited studies elsewhere (Ulrich and Heinrich, 2002; Derakhshani and
Abdolzadeh, 2009; Siahcheshm et al., 2014), it no longer seems reasonable to regard propylitic alteration
as essentially isochemical (c.f. Meyer and Hemley, 1967). Rather, the term should, perhaps, be redefined to
acknowledge the potentially metasomatic nature of the many epidote-chlorite-dominated alteration
assemblages that it is routinely used to describe. Best practice would also qualify the use of the term
‘propylitic alteration’ with details of the abundance of all alteration minerals present, their mode of
occurrence (veins, pseudomorphs etc.) and alteration intensity. This is preferable to using older
terminology that emphasised separate propylitic subzones - chloritisation, epidotisation and albitisation –
which should not be regarded as distinct. In fact, such zones are intimately related to one another, with a
consistent spatial progression from domains of intense chloritisation with phengite and epidote out to
domains of weakest albite-epidote-chlorite alteration. These mineralogical changes also correspond to
systematic geochemical dispersion. At Northparkes, the most intense propylitic alteration records slight
bulk mass gain, with metasomatic addition of Fe, Mg, K, C, S, volatiles/LOI, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Rb, and loss
of Na, Sr and often Ca and Si. With progression to the weakest, mass conservative propylitic alteration, Na,
Sr, Ca and Si were typically added back to the rock and addition of other components was limited to Mn,
C, volatiles/LOI, Zn and Pb.
Around the distinct sericitic veins at Northparkes, quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration was, perhaps
unsurprisingly, associated with metasomatic addition of Si, Al, K, S and volatiles/LOI, with gain of Rb, Cu,
Au and Mo also observed. Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, Mn, Sr and Ba were consistently leached whereas Pb and Zn
remained broadly immobile. With increasing distance from these sericitic veins, addition of Si, Al, K and S
was reduced and Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, Mn, Sr and Ba were progressively less depleted until they were eventually
net added. A distinct halo of highly elevated Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn is formed immediately outside the zone of
most intense sericite-quartz-pyrite alteration. Such element redistribution reflects the outward
mineralogical transition from sericite to sericite-chlorite to epidote-chlorite observed around these veins.
There is a clear scale-independent mineralogical and geochemical continuum between potassic, sericitic and
propylitic alteration. With simple cooling and reduction in fluid S2, potassic alteration may transition directly
into propylitic alteration, alternatively, where significant fluid acidity was developed during cooling and,
particularly if both fluid flux and fluid:rock ratios were high, this transition may pass through an intermediate
zone of sericitic alteration. Consequently, all the alteration domains at Northparkes could potentially have
been generated by alteration fluid(s) from a singular source which infiltrated into the country rock sequence,
migrating away from magmatic/thermal centres and zones of focused fluid flow. Results show the fluid(s)
must have originally contained significant dissolved Na, K, Al, Si, Mg, Mn, Cu, Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Se, W, Ga and Rb
93
together with S, C and appropriate ligands in order to account for the metasomatic additions observed within
the alteration halo. Therefore, fluid(s) were most likely of magmatic origin.
94
4. SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN CHLORITE AND EPIDOTE MINERAL
CHEMISTRY
4.1 I NTRODUCTION
Propylitic alteration is often the most ubiquitous and laterally extensive alteration facies in porphyry
magmatic-hydrothermal systems, as exemplified in the Northparkes district. In the current era, when
mineral exploration is increasingly focused on searching under cover, it may be the only visible sign of
hydrothermal activity. Consequently, exploration success could be greatly improved given the ability to:
(i) vector toward mineralised/hydrothermal centres within propylitically-altered terrain; and (ii)
differentiate propylitic alteration around ore deposits from the epidote-chlorite assemblages developed
during regional metamorphism or other non-mineralising processes. Measurement of several major and
trace elements in the dominant propylitic alteration minerals epidote and chlorite, to document their
concentrations and spatial dispersion, can provide such an ability.
Systematic spatial variations in the major element chemistry (Fe, Mg, Mn, Al) of chlorite developed around
sulphide orebodies have occasionally been documented, but historically received little attention. Price
(1953) noted an increasing Fe concentration in chlorite with distance from volcanogenic massive sulphide
orebodies in NW Quebec, Canada. This trend was similarly recorded by Ballantyne (1981) at the North Silver
Bell porphyry Cu deposit of Arizona, USA, but could not be proven in the nearby Safford deposit. However,
the Mn content of chlorite in both these porphyry systems was shown to systematically increase, then
decrease with outwards progression from orebodies across the propylitic alteration zone, producing a
chlorite-Mn halo. Norman et al. (1991) further documented distal Fe and Mn enrichment in chlorite from
the Southwest Tintic district, Utah, USA. In addition to such trends, the concentration of Al in the chlorite
tetrahedral site has been widely recognised as a useful geothermometer (e.g. Cathelineau and Nieva, 1985;
de Caritat et al., 1993).
As both chlorite and epidote can accommodate a large range of possible cations, the trace element
composition of both these minerals has significant potential to provide spatial compositional trends useful
for mineral exploration. With this in mind, Wilkinson et al. (2015) investigated the mineral chemistry of
chlorite across the propylitic zone at the Batu Hijau porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Indonesia, and Cooke et al.
(2014a) investigated variations in epidote chemistry surrounding porphyry and skarn occurrences of the
Baguio district, Philippines. Several trends in mineral chemistry were documented. Chlorite demonstrated
deposit-proximal elevated Ti, V and Mg contents, a halo of enrichment in Mn and Zn, and a distal increase
in the concentration of Sr, Li, Ba and Ca. Epidote typically contained highest concentrations of As, Pb, Zn
and Mn in more deposit-distal locations, >1.5 km from zones of potassic alteration.
95
However, all such studies have concentrated on only one mineral, largely ignored alteration textures and
did not consider any possible effects of the host lithology and mode of occurrence (e.g. replacement or
vein) over mineral composition. Moreover, spatial trends in the composition of epidote and chlorite are
not only useful for exploration, they record the behaviour and dispersion of many elements as a
consequence of changing physicochemical conditions across the propylitic facies. Understanding what
controls element dispersion within this facies is therefore the first step in determining the conditions under
which it occurs, and ultimately the source of the alteration fluid itself. It is also necessary to provide a
rationale for the routine use of particular elements in exploration.
In this chapter, spatial variation in the mineral chemistry of epidote and chlorite across the propylitic
alteration zones surrounding the E48 and E26 deposits is documented and compared to the regional, post-
mineralisation, metamorphic assemblage. To facilitate this, samples had to be collected over a wide area,
ranging from 300 m to 25 km distant from the porphyry orebodies. Examples of both vein and replacement
alteration displaying various textures and samples from several host lithologies have been analysed in
order to evaluate possible controls on mineral composition.
Major element compositions were determined by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive

spectroscopy (SEM-EDS; 7,026 analyses from 107 chlorite and 100 epidote samples). Minor and selected
trace element compositions were determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS; 1,660 accepted and filtered analyses from 64 chlorite and 59 epidote samples).
Numerous spatial compositional trends in both chlorite and epidote are defined which are of potentially
significant use in exploration; observed element distribution patterns also allow the major controls on
geochemical dispersion and mineralogical residence in the propylitic zone to be inferred.
96
4.2 C HLORITE AND EPIDOTE: STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY
4.2.1 Chlorite
Chlorite group minerals are monoclinic
phyllosilicates composed of alternating,
negatively charged tetrahedral-octahedral-
tetrahedral (2:1) layers, of ‘talc-like’ composition
[vi]
X3[iv]Y4O10(OH)2, and positively charged
interlayers of ‘brucite-like’ composition [vi]Z3(OH)6
(Fig. 4.1; e.g. Bailey, 1988). The majority can be
represented by:
[vi]
(M2+, M3+)6Si4-x[iv]Mx3+O10(OH)8
Most commonly, M2+ = Mg, Fe, Mn and M3+ = Al,

Fe, Cr (e.g. Hey, 1954; Foster, 1962). End-
Fig. 4.1 – [010] projection of idealised chlorite structure
members of the group are defined based on the
(type IIb), after Bailey (1988).
dominant or unique octahedral cation, with
the major minerals being clinochlore [(Mg5Al)[AlSi3O10](OH)8] and chamosite [(Fe5Al)[AlSi3O10](OH)8],
between which there is a complete solid-solution series (Foster, 1962; Deer et al., 2009). Substitution of Mn
drives compositions toward pennantite [(Mn5Al)[AlSi3O10](OH)8], but true end-member pennantite is rare
and appears restricted to Mn ore deposits (Smith et al., 1946; Kayupova, 1965; Simmons et al., 1981). Other
appropriately-sized divalent cations, particularly Ni and Zn, may be readily incorporated into the M2+
octahedral site leading to the end-member minerals nimite [(Ni5Al)[AlSi3O10](OH)8] and baileychlore
[(Zn5Al)[AlSi3O10](OH)8] respectively. Trivalent V cations can also substitute for octahedral Al (Meunier,
1994), and tetrahedral Al may also be replaced by B and Be (Zagorsky et al., 2003).
Charge balancing between tetrahedral and octahedral sites in chlorite can occur by Tschermak exchange
([iv]Si4+ [vi]Mg2+ [iv]
Al3+ [vi]Al3+), which is a major substitution mechanism in the group (e.g. Deer et al.,
2009). As exemplified by cookeite [(LiAl4)[AlSi3O10](OH)8], larger monovalent cations such as Li, Na and K
may also play the role of octahedral cations and assist in charge balancing, although the dominant
exchange vector is thought to be 3(Li, Na, K)1+Al3+-1 and is therefore overall charge neutral (Černý, 1970).
Understanding the accommodation of these alkali metals, as well as other large divalent cations (e.g. Ca,
Sr, Ba and Pb) within the chlorite structure is particularly challenging, and it was originally proposed they
may occupy vacant octahedral sites between the 2:1 layers and ‘brucite’ interlayers (Belov, 1950). This
occupancy has been experimentally proven for Na in the chlorite mineral glagolevite
[Na(Mg,Al)6[Si3AlO10](OH,O)8] by Krivovichev et al. (2004). However, an earlier study of the chlorite-like
zincosilicate franklinfurnaceite [Ca2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+[Zn2Si2O10](OH)8] suggested that accommodation of
significant Ca between the 2:1 and ‘brucite’ layers in chlorite is rare, and is only possible in
97
franklinfurnaceite as a result of the unusual substitution of Zn2+ for Si4+ which produces a structure
intermediate between chlorite and mica (Peacor et al., 1988). Detection of such large cations may therefore
be interpreted as either genuine incorporation of the element into the crystal lattice, or as a result of fine
interstratification of chlorite with other contaminating layered silicates such as smectite or mica, below the
resolution of all but transmission electron microscopy (e.g. Ahn and Peacor, 1985).
4.2.2 Epidote
Epidote group minerals are calcium iron aluminium
sorosilicates belonging to the monoclinic system,
with the general formula:
(A1A2)(M1M2M3)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)
Typically, A = Ca2+ and M = Al3+, Fe3+. This structural

interpretation of the epidote group was first
proposed by Ito (1950), with subsequent
confirmation (Belov and Rumanova, 1953; Ito et al.,
1954) and three-dimensional refinements (e.g.
Dollase, 1968, 1971) leading to the present
understanding. The monoclinic crystal structure is
produced by two types of continuous octahedral
chains parallel to [010] which contain the M cations
(Fig. 4.2). One chain is composed exclusively of
edge-sharing M2 octahedra, the other consists of
edge-sharing M1 octahedra to which M3 octahedra
Fig. 4.2 – Polyhedral structural model of epidote, with
are attached on opposite sides alternately along its numbered oxygens; modified from Franz and Liebscher
(2004), after Dollase (1968).
length, giving a zigzag pattern. These chains are
bridged in [100] and [001] by single SiO4 tetrahedra (T3O4) and corner-sharing Si2O7 tetrahedral pairs
(T1T2O7), in-between which are the large A1 and A2 sites. Hydrogen is associated with O10 of the M2
octahedron and is hydrogen bonded to O4 of the M1 octahedron.
The two most common end-members of the group are clinozoisite [Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH)] and true epidote
[Ca2Fe3+Al2Si3O12(OH)], with composition often simply expressed as the molar fraction (X) of epidote within
the clinozoisite-epidote solid solution series (e.g. Franz and Liebscher, 2004):
Fe
X (4.1)
Fe Al 2
A large number of potential exchange vectors are possible within the epidote group based on both direct
and combined substitution in the A and M sites. In addition to Fe3+, trivalent Mn, V and Cr as well as
octahedrally-coordinated divalent Mn, Fe and Mg may also directly substitute for Al. The cations Fe3+, Mn3+
98
and, by analogy, V3+ usually display a strong preference for the largest, distorted M3 site, although at high
total concentrations may also be accommodated in M1 (e.g. Dollase, 1969, 1973; Gabe et al., 1973; Kvick et
al., 1988; Ferraris et al., 1989). Similarly, divalent Fe, Mn and Mg also show preference for M3, but again
minor Fe2+ and Mg2+ can also occur in M1 (Dollase, 1971, 1973; Bonazzi et al., 1992). In contrast, Cr3+ is
thought to preferentially occupy M1 (Burns and Strens, 1967) and Al dominates in the smallest M2 position
(e.g. Dollase, 1971).
The trivalent Mn, V and Cr cations may rarely be present as major components in epidote, leading to the
respective end-members piemontite [Ca2Al2Mn3+Si3O12(OH)] (e.g. Kenngott, 1853; Dollase, 1969), mukhinite
[Ca2Al2V3+Si3O12(OH)] (Shepel and Karpenko, 1969) and tawmawite [Ca2Al2Cr3+Si3O12(OH)] (Grapes, 1981;
Treloar, 1987), although the validity of the latter is questioned by Armbruster et al. (2006). In all cases, the
mole fraction of epidote can be calculated by including the relevant element(s) in the denominator of
Equation 4.1.
Larger divalent cations, especially Sr, Ba and Pb, may often directly substitute for Ca in the largest A2 sites
(e.g. Dollase, 1971). However, the particularly large Ba2+ cation can only be accommodated in significant
quantities by further expansion of this site owing to the presence of Fe3+ and Mn3+ in M1 and M3 (Smith
and Bish, 1988; Franz and Liebscher, 2004). Rarely, Sr and Pb have been documented as major components
in epidote, producing the respective end-members clinozoisite-(Sr) or ‘niigataite’ [CaSrAl3Si3O12(OH)]
(Miyajima et al., 2003) and epidote-(Pb) or ‘hancockite’ [CaPbAl3Si3O12(OH)] (Penfield and Warren, 1899;
Holtstam and Langhof, 1994). Mn2+ may also substitute for Ca2+ but probably in the smaller A1 site (e.g.
Smith and Albee, 1967; Reinecke, 1986; Bonazzi et al., 1992; Bonazzi and Menchetti, 2004).
Likewise, the relatively large, trivalent REE cations are thought to be accommodated in the A2 site (Dollase,
1971), but other positions have been postulated (Cressey and Steel, 1988). To ensure charge balance,
incorporation of REE cations requires coupled substitution (or valence change in Fe), with divalent cations
also occupying the octahedral M3 and M1 sites, for example Ca2+-1Al3+-1REE3+(Mg2+,Fe2+,Mn2+), producing
minerals such as allanite [CaREEAl2Fe2+Si3O12(OH)] (e.g. Gieré and Sorensen, 2004; Armbruster et al., 2006).
Many additional trace elements may also be present in epidote, including but not limited to: Na, K, Ti, Zr,
Hf, Sn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Ni, Sc, Be, W, Th and U. A review of where these elements potentially reside in the
epidote structure and the possible exchange vectors involved is beyond the scope of this chapter but is
provided by Frei et al. (2004).
Al-Fe zonation is common in epidote minerals as a consequence of changing physicochemical conditions

during growth. In the metamorphic environment, core-rim zonation is dominant, recording relatively
simple, gradual changes largely in pressure, temperature and redox conditions through time (e.g. Grapes
and Hoskin, 2004). In contrast, hydrothermal epidote, particularly that present in vein centres, is dominated
by oscillatory zoning (e.g. Bird and Spieler, 2004; this study), reflecting the much more dynamic
environment in which fluid chemistry and temperature may rapidly fluctuate back and forth. Furthermore,
99
in hydrothermal epidote, Mn and Ti may also show oscillatory zonation (Franz and Liebscher, 2004; this
study). In the most general sense, zones with low Fe/Al ratios contain higher concentrations of Mn; this
may reflect competition between Fe and Mn for the M3 site, but these changes are far from perfectly
correlated suggesting that several processes are responsible.
4.3 M ETHODOLOGY
4.3.1 Sample collection and preparation
Samples of epidote and/or chlorite were collected from logged diamond drill core to provide almost
continuous, and where possible sub-horizontal, transects across the propylitic alteration halo either side
of the E48 and E26 deposits (Figs. 4.3, 4.4). As propylitic alteration extends beyond the limit of diamond
drilling, several small samples (≤1 cm) were also collected from appropriate rock chip drillholes which
penetrated through surficial cover in the immediate vicinity of the deposits. The majority of sampling was
conducted below the level of the Altona Fault (e.g. Fig. 4.4) to ensure an undisturbed relationship between
alteration and mineralisation; thus samples are concentrated in the footwall, to the east of both deposits.
For comparison, samples of chlorite and epidote associated with post-mineralisation regional
metamorphism were also collected from district outcrops, largely to the south of the Northparkes Mines,
where its effect is most obvious.
From the resulting suite of >200 samples, 163 were selected for analysis (samples indicated in Appendix C)
based primarily on their spatial distribution. The most appropriate area (ideally containing abundant,
coarse grained epidote and chlorite) of each diamond drill core and outcrop sample was selectively cut out
and mounted into a 25 mm diameter, polished resin block. Rock chip samples were cut in two to provide
flat surfaces and similarly mounted for analysis.
4.3.2 Distinction of metamorphic samples

Metamorphism seems to have been strain partitioned away from the mining area, thought to be a result
of the underlying, rigid BQM pluton acting as a coherent crustal block (e.g. Scheibner, 1993). Consequently,
the deposits appear to have escaped any associated alteration and significant deformation - there is no
evidence to suggest alteration assemblages at Northparkes were overprinted or modified during
metamorphism. The field distinction between deposit-related propylitic alteration and regional
metamorphism in this district is therefore mostly straightforward: the magmatic-hydrothermal and
metamorphic domains are, for the most part, spatially separated and usually present unique and
contrasting characteristics.
The propylitic facies is typically heterogeneous and shows a close relationship to veins that are often
surrounded by intense and texturally-destructive alteration halos. Epidote of medium grain size (grains
visible under a 10x hand lens and occasionally to the naked eye) is abundant and pyrite is also common.
The surrounding rock is consistently hematite-reddened. K-feldspar, chalcopyrite and anhydrite (around
E26 and GRP314 only) may be present in minor quantities; prehnite and pumpellyite were not observed.
100
By comparison, the metamorphic assemblage is far more pervasive and homogeneous, dominated by
chlorite with prehnite, pumpellyite and, more rarely, fine-grained epidote; veins are infrequent. Although
significant epidote was documented occurring along a fault in the Nelungaloo Volcanics, no sulphides
were observed and no alteration halo surrounds the structure.
Based on these differences, samples NP13AP253 and NP13AP255 would be classified as metamorphic.
However, the latter is close to the ‘Nash’s Hill’ prospect and adjacent samples (NP13AP264, NP13AP265 and
NP13AP270) are classified as propylitic (Fig. 4.3). Hence, these two samples, although somewhat
ambiguous, were preliminary classified as propylitic.
Fig. 4.3 – Maps showing sample distribution and data type acquired relative to known porphyry Cu-Au deposits and
prospects. (a) district scale; labelled samples are those discussed individually in section 4.3.1. (b) deposit scale; grouped
samples are those that were collected from individual logged diamond drillholes, as labelled.
101
Fig. 4.4 – Cross sections for (a) E48 and (b) E26 between points indicated on Fig. 4.3, showing sample distribution and type.
Sample symbols as defined in Fig. 4.3, lithology and principal alteration zones as labelled.
102
4.3.3 Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)
Prepared samples were initially viewed under SEM using back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging and
analysed where appropriate via SEM-EDS. This was carried out using a Zeiss EVO 15LS SEM equipped with
an Oxford Instruments X-MaxN 80 mm2 silicone drift detector, housed in the Imaging and Analysis Centre
(IAC) at the Natural History Museum, London. This instrument was optimised for EDS analysis of silicates
with an accelerating voltage of 20 kV, 3 nA current and 1 μm spot size; all EDS spectra were acquired for 25
seconds. Repeat analyses of the Kakanui augite standard (Jarosewich et al., 1980) were performed
throughout SEM-EDS analytical work; the mean determined composition of this standard is in good
agreement with preferred published values (Table 4.1). Repeat analyses also permitted quantification of
analytical precision (2σ) for most elements, as given in Table 4.1, along with representative limit of
detection (LOD) values.
Use of a SEM was essential in order to confirm the presence of alteration minerals identified in hand
specimen, obtain major element mineral chemistry data, observe alteration textures and check the
suitability of samples for subsequent analysis via LA-ICP-MS. In several samples, particularly those of
regionally metamorphosed rocks, epidote and chlorite were either not present (often mistaken for
prehnite and/or pumpellyite), exceptionally fine grained (<10 μm), or so intricately intergrown with other
phases or one another that reliable quantitative analysis was not possible. Consequently, the number of
samples was reduced to 125 containing either epidote and/or chlorite for which alteration texture could
be examined and numerous EDS spectra acquired (Fig. 4.3).
LOD 2σ Mean Kakanui Kakanui augite Table 4.1 – Typical limit of detection
Element (LOD) values for elements determined by
(wt. % (wt. % augite; n = 235 preferred values
oxide SEM-EDS, based on analysis of epidote,
oxide) oxide) (wt. % oxide) (wt. % oxide)
chlorite and the Kakanui augite
Na2O 0.12 0.18 1.21 1.27 standard. 235 repeat analyses of the
MgO 0.20 0.48 16.05 16.65 latter were used to calculate analytical
Al2O3 0.19 0.30 8.16 8.73 precision, given as 2 standard deviations
SiO2 0.41 0.83 50.42 50.73 (2σ). The mean determined composition
of the Kakanui standard compares
K2O 0.13 - <0.13 0.00
favourably with the preferred reference
CaO 0.20 0.35 16.37 15.82 values of Jarosewich et al. (1980), after
TiO2 0.12 0.17 0.85 0.74 Mason (1966) and Mason and Allen
MnO 0.20 - <0.20 0.13 (1973). Note all Fe is arbitrarily treated as
Fe2O3 0.23 0.36 7.01 7.05 Fe2O3.
Sample suitability for LA-ICP-MS analysis was determined largely by grain size and the presence of
inclusions of other mineral phases visible in SEM-BSE images. Samples were selected when they contained
an adequate quantity of epidote and/or chlorite grains (preferably >25) of sufficiently large size and low
enough inclusion density to facilitate uncontaminated analysis with a 30-35 μm laser ablation spot. In these
samples, the location of suitable mineral grains was referenced and each analysed by SEM-EDS.
Compositional values for Al and Ca from these analyses were subsequently used as an internal standard to
aid quantification of LA-ICP-MS data for chlorite and epidote respectively; these elements were chosen as
103
they are consistently and reliably determined (precision of 1.8% and 1.1% relative standard deviation
respectively, based on replicate analysis of the Kakanui augite standard) and exhibit negligible variation
within any given grain.
Ultimately, major element SEM-EDS data were acquired for 3,213 chlorite grains (from 108 of 125 samples)
and 3,856 epidote grains (from 100 of 125 samples). A total of 64 samples contained chlorite, and 59
contained epidote suitable for LA-ICP-MS analysis.
4.3.4 Laser ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)

LA-ICP-MS analysis of selected elements was conducted on an ESI New Wave NWR193 laser ablation system
coupled to an Agilent 7500cs quadrupole ICP-MS at the Natural History Museum, London. The system
utilised an excimer (ArF) laser source of 193 nm (deep UV) wavelength, and ablation was typically
performed with a 30-35 μm spot at a repetition rate of 10 Hz and fluence of 3.3 J/cm2. He was used as the
laser carrier gas and mixed with Ar along its flow path to the plasma torch.
Epidote or chlorite were analysed separately, each for a particular set of elements selected based on their
potential for substitution into the crystal lattice, abundance in the hydrothermal system or sensitivity to
inclusions/contaminant phases (Table 4.2). ICP-MS dwell times for each element were adjusted to help
provide appropriate detection limits. However, the LOD during LA-ICP-MS is variable for each spot analysis
(e.g. Longerich et al., 1996) and depends on several parameters, including the concentration and variability
of a given element in the gas background (i.e. when no ablation is occurring) and the quantity of material
ablated (i.e. spot size). Average LOD values and ICP-MS dwell times of elements analysed in epidote and
chlorite are provided in Table 4.2.
Analysis of each mineral in each sample was performed as a discrete run, bracketed either side by four
analyses of the external glass standard NIST 612 (National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard
Reference Material 612). This standard was used to calibrate the instrument and correct for linear
instrument drift by correlating measured element intensity, in counts per second, with known
concentration. Similarly, the known abundance of Al in chlorite and Ca in epidote, from SEM-EDS, was
further used to correct for the differing physical properties and ablation characteristics of these minerals
compared to NIST 612. The United States Geological Survey reference glass GSD-1G was also analysed 1-2
times at the beginning and end of each run and quantified in the same way as for the minerals in order to
constrain instrumental accuracy and precision (Table 4.2). The preferred concentration values of elements
in both NIST 612 and GSD-1G were sourced from the GeoReM database (Jochum et al., 2005).
104
Chlorite acquisition method Epidote acquisition method
GSD-1G
Element/
Mean Mean preferred
ICP-MS ICP-MS
Isotope LOD GSD-1G; 2σ Relative LOD GSD-1G; 2σ Relative values
dwell dwell
(ppm) (n = 167) (ppm) 2σ (%) (ppm) n = 133 (ppm) 2σ (%) (ppm)
time (ms) time (ms)
(ppm) (ppm)
7 0.4 20 45.1 4.1 9.1 - - - - - 43
Li
11 3.5 10 51.4 10.8 21 - - - - - 50
B
23 14 5 25,867 1,916 7.4 11 5 27,130 1,228 4.5 26,700
Na
24 0.8 5 27,149 2,417 8.9 0.8 10 28,924 1,597 5.5 21,700
Mg
27 1.7 10 - - - 4.0 5 76,645 2,281 3.0 73,300
Al
29 300 5 254,101 24,083 9.5 355 5 26,6836 13,578 5.1 248,700
Si
39 6.9 10 30,315 2,563 8.5 10.3 10 32,063 2,260 7.0 25,300
K
43 150 10 49,068 1,651 3.4 191 10 - - - 51,500
Ca
47 1.3 10 8,557 623 7.3 2.2 10 8,736 628 7.2 7,400
Ti
51 0.1 10 42.0 3.7 8.9 0.1 10 44 2.4 5.5 44
V
53 1.8 10 44.9 3.9 8.8 - - - - - 42
Cr
55 0.5 10 208.9 13.3 6.4 0.6 10 217.8 8.2 3.8 220
Mn
57 10 10 52,458 31,150 59 24 10 43,042 20,048 47 103,400
Fe
59 0.1 10 39.5 3.4 8.6 0.2 10 41.1 1.9 4.7 40
Co
60 0.4 10 57.2 5.1 8.9 - - - - - 58
Ni
65 0.4 30 41.4 4.2 10 0.7 10 42.7 2.6 6.2 42
Cu
66 0.8 10 56.9 6.1 10 0.9 10 60.8 6.4 11 54
Zn
75 0.4 30 38.3 3.5 9.0 1.2 10 40.1 3.5 8.7 27
As
88 0.0 10 64.5 2.3 3.6 0.1 10 67.6 1.4 2.1 69.4
Sr
89 0.0 20 39.2 2.3 5.9 0.1 10 41.0 1.9 4.5 42
Y
90 0.1 10 38.1 2.1 5.5 0.1 10 39.8 1.8 4.5 42
Zr
95 - - - - - 0.2 30 40.6 2.2 5.3 39
Mo
107 0.0 30 23.2 1.7 7.3 0.1 30 24.5 1.7 6.9 23
Ag
118 0.3 30 34.2 2.4 7.1 0.7 10 36.0 1.9 5.3 29
Sn
121 0.1 30 41.4 3.1 7.4 0.2 10 43.8 2.4 5.5 43
Sb
137 0.2 10 63.3 3.3 5.3 0.3 10 66.3 2.2 3.4 67
Ba
139 0.0 20 37.2 1.5 4.1 0.0 10 38.9 1.1 2.8 39.1
La
140 0.0 20 38.8 2.1 5.4 0.0 10 40.5 1.4 3.6 41.4
Ce
153 - - - - - 0.0 20 39.2 0.9 2.3 41
Eu
172 - - - - - 0.1 20 52.5 2.1 4.0 50.9
Yb
175 - - - - - 0.0 20 52.7 2.4 4.5 51.5
Lu
178 - - - - - 0.1 20 38.0 1.9 5.0 39
Hf
181 - - - - - 0.0 20 44.9 1.7 3.7 40
Ta
197 - - - - - 0.1 30 5.0 0.5 11 4
Au
205 - - - - - 0.0 20 0.9 0.1 9.6 0.9
Tl
208 0.1 20 48.2 3.6 7.48 0.2 10 51.4 3.4 6.6 50
Pb
209 0.1 10 29.0 2.2 7.74 0.1 10 31.0 2.1 6.9 35
Bi
232 - - - - - 0.0 10 41.7 2.3 5.6 41
Th
238 0.0 10 38.9 3.3 8.56 0.0 10 40.4 2.0 4.9 41
U
Table 4.2 – List of elements analysed during laser ablation of chlorite and epidote with average limit of detection (LOD)
values and the ICP-MS dwell times used. Mean GSD-1G compositions are based on repeat analyses of the GSD-1G reference
glass, utilising the appropriate chlorite or epidote acquisition method. The variance for each element in these repeat
analyses is quantified as 2 standard deviations (2σ), and also given as a relative % of the determined concentration.
Preferred reference values for GSD-1G from the GeoReM database (Jochum et al., 2005) are also provided for comparison;
see discussion in section 4.3.4 regarding data accuracy and precision.
105
It is apparent that NIST 612 is particularly suitable for quantification of selected trace elements: Li, B, Na, V,
Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Eu, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U (Table
4.2). The average concentrations determined for all these trace elements in the GSD-1G reference material
are accurate, either matching known abundances within two standard deviation error or typically no more
than 5 ppm outside of this range. Precision is also good, with relative 2 standard deviation values averaging
<7 %. This is largely because element concentrations within NIST 612 are comparable to those of the
minerals and GSD-1G. However, NIST 612 contains low concentrations of the major elements analysed (Mg,
Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti and Fe). Perhaps most significant are Fe and Mg at 56 and 77 ppm respectively; this is in sharp
contrast to chlorite or epidote in which these elements are present at concentrations of 10’s to 100’s of
thousands of ppm. Consequently, correlation between the measured intensity of major elements in NIST
612 with their far higher intensities during ablation of minerals leads to notable error in their determination
via LA-ICP-MS. This is broadly expressed by a systematic under- or over-estimation of element
concentration, but precision error is also increased. Errors are most significant where the difference in
concentration of an element between NIST 612 and that of the mineral is largest, hence this has most effect
on reported Fe values and least effect on Ti. As a result, SEM-EDS major element data are preferred,
supplemented by trace element data from LA-ICP-MS.
Although LA-ICP-MS analysis was performed on grains previously selected as suitable via SEM, frequently
sub-surface inclusions were encountered during ablation which often contaminated analyses such that no
part of the ablation signal was quantifiable. To mitigate against this, and ensure several valid signals were
obtained in each sample, the detected intensity of elements sensitive to the composition of common
mineral inclusions (e.g. titanite, zircon, apatite, micas etc.) were monitored during ablation/acquisition of
each spot. Where significant contamination was evident the signal was immediately discarded and
overwritten.
In total 1,470 ablation signals were obtained from 64 chlorite samples, and 1,249 ablation signals were
obtained from 59 epidote samples, giving an average of 22 spot analyses in each mineral sample. 300
analyses of GSD-1G were also conducted.
Data reduction
The processing and quantification of all acquired ablation signals was performed using the ExLAM 2000
software of Zacharias and Wilkinson (2007). In this method, each ablation signal is viewed in full, with
manual selection of the ablation time slices (equivalent to sweeps of the mass spectrometer) for the gas
background and mineral ablation intervals. For mineral ablation, only intervals of regular, smooth signal
with low intensities of elements associated with inclusions were selected, as these should correspond to
the ablation of clean, uncontaminated mineral. The number of ablation time slices integrated for each
processed signal was recorded, along with a written comment on the quality of the signal, allowing quality
ranking of processed data. An average of 60 ablation time slices were integrated for chlorite analyses and
106
29 for epidote analyses. The lower average for epidote reflects generally poorer ablation signals, largely as
a result of smaller crystals, frequent minor inclusions and internal zonation which leads to irregular signals
that are harder to process. Further, in many instances, despite initial screening of contamination during
acquisition, the entire signal may be unusable.
Data filtering and quality control

Subsequent to data processing, all quantified signals were filtered to further ensure data quality. Analyses
in which the concentration of two or more elements significantly differed (typically >2σ) from a sample
average were discarded, with a preference to retain the highest quality ranked signals. The entire epidote
and chlorite datasets were then screened for possible contamination. Samples with concentrations of any
element higher or lower than natural breaks defined by the bulk of the data were further investigated for
element correlations indicative of common mineral inclusions. For example, any data with anomalously
high K, Zr or Ti may be contaminated and should contain positive correlations with Mg, U/Yb or Ca/Si
respectively if phengite/biotite, zircon or titanite were present. High Ca in chlorite is also indicative of either
calcite and/or epidote contamination.
Although analyses identified as contaminated were mostly discarded, some exceptions were made.
Chlorite in sample NP13AP170 shows elevated and correlated K and Ba concentrations, which may indicate
K-feldspar contamination, however no other elements are anomalous or correlated with K or Ba,
suggesting any effect is limited to these elements. Thus, to avoid losing the sample from the database, it
has been retained, but values for these elements are not used in any interpretation. Similarly, for chlorite,
only Sr in sample NP13AP016 and Ba in sample NP13AP180 are anomalous and hence the sample data for
other elements is retained. For epidote, both regional metamorphic samples (NP13AP258 and 318) appear
as outliers within the overall dataset, but no element correlations exist to suggest contamination, and
ablation signals for NP13AP318 appear to be of excellent quality. Hence, they probably only appear as
outliers owing to their distinctly different paragenesis (see section 4.5).
In total, 924 chlorite analyses and 736 epidote analyses were retained from the initial acquired dataset,
representing a quality control rejection rate of 37% and 41% respectively.
107
4.4 C HLORITE RESULTS
Sample information, SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS compositional data are tabulated in Appendices C, F and H
respectively. Results are presented graphically in the following sections.
4.4.1 Chlorite alteration textures

Three dominant types of chlorite, all of which may be found within one sample, were distinguished based
on observed textures in SEM-BSE images.
Massive chlorite aggregates

The majority of chlorite is present as massive aggregates of micron to sub-micron grains, giving a fine,
shreddy appearance (Fig. 4.5a-c). This texture is most typical of chlorite which has replaced primary
minerals (typically excluding biotite), but it is also found as vein fill and may be developed as patches in
chloritised, fine-grained sedimentary/volcaniclastic rocks. Such chlorite aggregates are surprisingly pure
and routinely provided uncontaminated analyses with excellent smooth and consistent ablation signals.
However, in some samples, small grains of rutile, titanite and/or zircon may be peppered throughout the
chlorite. Similarly, in areas of most intense chloritisation, where both plagioclase and K-feldspar have been
destroyed, chlorite grains may be finely intergrown with phengite. Frequently, subhedral to euhedral
epidote and apatite crystals occur within aggregated patches of chlorite (Fig. 4.5a).
Chlorite pseudomorphs after biotite

Chloritisation of biotite is particularly common and is prevalent within samples of the BQM. Each original
biotite crystal is usually entirely replaced by a single, large, chlorite grain that preserves the original crystal
outline and cleavage planes (Fig. 4.5c-e). The latter may simply be voids/fissures within the chlorite, but
more often they are filled with rutile or epidote (Fig. 4.5d-e). Notably, all observed chlorite pseudomorphs
were rich in small (<2 μm) rutile and, more rarely, titanite inclusions, making ablation via LA-ICP-MS
particularly challenging. Comparatively larger (5-25 μm) and consistently euhedral apatite crystals are also
common within the chlorite pseudomorphs. Apatite and titanite inclusions presumably reflect the original
relatively high concentrations of P and Ti in igneous biotite which could not all be accommodated within
the chlorite structure during replacement.
Singular grains
Rarely, large subhedral to euhedral crystals (5-50 μm), or patches (10-500 μm) of clean, pure chlorite were
documented as vein fill (Fig. 4.5f). Pyrite, epidote, quartz and calcite are also present in such veins.
108
Fig. 4.5 – SEM-BSE photomicrographs of chlorite alteration textures; all scale bars = 200 μm. (a) massive chlorite aggregate
forming part of texturally-destructive alteration-replacement of an unknown primary mafic phase. Note chlorite encloses
euhedral apatite crystals and minor rutile, NP13AP026; (b) massive aggregate of chlorite with minor calcite occurring as
vein fill around subhedral epidote crystals, NP12AP045; (c) chlorite pseudomorphs of phenocrysts after plagioclase (top),
with massive aggregate texture, and after biotite (bottom) with smooth appearance and preserving original sense of
cleavage. Note both are surrounded by an irregular quartz margin, and the original groundmass is altered to quartz and
phengitic sericite with magnetite replaced by chalcopyrite, NP13AP061; (d) chlorite pseudomorph after biotite with rutile,
apatite and epidote inclusions. Rutile also occurs as streaks along original cleavage planes, NP12AP082; (e) chlorite
pseudomorph after biotite with large apatite crystal and many rutile grains developed along the direction of original
cleavage, NP12AP111; (f) large singular, clean grains of chlorite present as vein fill along with pyrite. A fine
interstratification of chlorite and clay encloses the clean chlorite grains, NP12AP031.
109
4.4.2 Chlorite mineral chemistry
Based on the calculated atomic abundances of Fe, Mg and Mn per formula unit (Appendix F), the chlorite
analysed is almost exclusively clinochlore (Fig. 4.6a). Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios are typically in the range 0.3-0.4
with Si largely between 2.8-3.2 atoms per formula unit (apfu). Thus, most analyses are further classified as
pycnochlorite utilising the scheme of Hey (1954). An average formula for samples from deposit-related
propylitic alteration is (Mg2.91Fe1.66Mn0.13Al1.22)[(Al1.09Si2.91)O10](OH)8 and for regional metamorphic samples is
(Mg2.77Fe1.89Mn0.07Al1.17)[(Al1.04Si2.96)O10](OH)8, using 2,870 and 343 SEM-EDS analyses respectively. These
calculations assume all Fe is Fe2+ and are based on 28 oxygen equivalents per formula unit. Note that
although Fe2+/Fe3+ cannot be directly measured through SEM-EDS or LA-ICP-MS, estimates of Fe3+ and Fe2+
in chlorite can be calculated based on stoichiometry (Appendix F) and indicate Fe3+ rarely exceeds 0.1 apfu
in all samples, with an average of 0.07 apfu.
All samples demonstrate an excellent negative correlation between Si and Al (Fig. 4.6b) attributable to the
variable substitution of these cations for one another. Similarly, a strong negative correlation exists
between Fe + Mg and Mn, although many samples plot slightly below the obvious linear correlation (Fig.
4.6c), indicating the presence of other cations in the M2+ octahedral site below detection of SEM-EDS. It is
further evident that an increase in the Mn content of chlorite is broadly associated with an increase in the
Fe/Mg ratio and this relationship may be linear within particular samples/host lithologies (Fig. 4.6d). This
perhaps suggests Mn preferentially substitutes for Mg, or an increased Fe content favours incorporation of
Mn over Mg, or vice versa.
Total Fe + Mg + Mn is negatively correlated with Si + Al (Fig. 4.6e) reflecting the overall limit of cations
which can be accommodated per formula unit. Individually, increasing total Al (and thereby decreasing Si)
is associated with a general reduction in Mg (Fig. 4.6f) but simultaneous increase in Fe (Fig. 4.6g) and the
amount of Mn (Fig. 4.6h) which can be incorporated into the structure, demonstrating the complex
interplay between all major cations.
The Ti content of chlorite, as determined by LA-ICP-MS, shows a positive logarithmic correlation with
calculated tetrahedral Al (Fig. 4.6i; R2 = 0.5) and thereby simultaneous negative correlation with Si (Fig. 4.6j;
R2 = 0.5). Most simply this suggests Ti3+ is also directly substituting for Si4+.
The concentrations of Na and K are typically <200 ppm and <500 ppm, averaging 100 ppm and 200 ppm
respectively. Cr, Ag and Bi are almost exclusively <LOD. La, Ce and U are <LOD in many analyses; where
detected, they are typically <0.2 ppm averaging 0.1 ppm. Y, Zr and Sn are usually above the LOD but have
very low concentrations, with Y mostly <1.5 ppm and averaging 0.4 ppm, Zr <2 ppm averaging 0.9 ppm
and Sn <2 ppm averaging 1 ppm. None of these elements demonstrate systematic spatial variation in their
concentrations or significant differences between propylitic and metamorphic epidote samples, hence
they are not discussed further.
110
Fig. 4.6 – Major element chlorite mineral chemistry data from all SEM-EDS analyses, grouped by host lithology. (a) chlorite
classification, most data plot as clinochlore; (b-h) the relationships between major cations within the chlorite structure;
(i-j) correlations between both calculated tetrahedral Al ([iv]Al) and Si with the concentration of Ti, as determined by
LA-ICP-MS. Note all data (excluding Ti) shown in atoms per formula unit (apfu) calculated based on 28 oxygen equivalents.
Data points referred to as ‘not shown’ are outliers which occur off the scale of the plots.
111
4.4.3 Lithological and textural controls on chlorite mineral chemistry
It is evident that the major element composition of chlorite is not exclusive to the host lithology in which
it was developed: chlorite samples from all key rock types are observed throughout the entire spread of
the data (Fig. 4.6). In an ideal scenario, to further evaluate the possible influence of host rock on chlorite
chemistry, chlorite hosted in different lithologies, but otherwise of the same characteristics and spatial
position would be directly compared. However, in this natural dataset such an approach was not possible,
as various host rocks are only found in particular locations, and not all chlorite textures are developed in
all host rocks. Nevertheless, it is still useful to consider the abundance and variability of selected elements
in chlorite, as a function of host lithology, for all propylitic samples (Fig. 4.7).
In general, the concentrations of most elements are similar across all lithologies within one standard
deviation and are usually indistinguishable within two standard deviations. However, some exceptions and
slight preferences toward different chlorite compositions are observed. The trachyandesites (AND) appear
to host chlorites with low Fe/Mg ratios, particularly in comparison to that developed in the AFG and BQM
(Fig. 4.7j,k). Thus, chlorite Mg content is, perhaps unsurprisingly, slightly higher in more primitive, Mg-rich
host rocks. For unknown reasons, AND-hosted chlorite is also relatively enriched in Ba (Fig. 4.7g). Data for
chlorite hosted within the Mafic Zero (MZO) relates to just two samples, although again appears subtly
different, with relatively elevated Ni, Co and Ti concentrations (Fig. 4.7c,p,r). Chlorite developed in the BQM,
AFG and AND also contains relatively elevated Ti, but this is probably because many such samples are from
deposit-proximal locations, where Ti is elevated in all cases (see section 4.4.4). Trachytes (TR) seem to
contain chlorite with relatively high concentrations of Cu, Co, Sb and Li (Fig. 4.7i,o-q), although this is driven
largely by data for only one of the four samples which constitute the TR bin (NP13AP274), suggesting it
could simply be one anomaly. Further, all these elements tend to be more enriched in deposit-distal
locations (see section 4.4.4), and sample NP13AP274 is one of the most deposit-distal samples in the
dataset. Similarly, AFG-hosted chlorite seems to contain relatively low concentrations of Si, V and Ni, as well
as elevated Mn and Zn. Again this is because the AFG bin is based on only two samples, both of which are
from within the Mn-Zn halo of the E48 deposit, where there is also a spatially coincident high in the Al/Si
ratio of chlorite, and low in V and Ni (see section 4.4.4).
Possible compositional variance arising from chlorite of different textures (section 4.4.1) and mode of
occurrence is also considered (Fig. 4.7). Most apparent is that vein-hosted chlorite contains the highest
mean concentrations of Al, Ti, Mn and Zn as well as the lowest mean Si, Ni and Sr contents. In comparison,
chlorite occurring as weak disseminations/replacement shows opposite compositional traits and chlorite
developed in the halos around veins generally demonstrates compositions intermediate between the two.
This strongly suggests distance from fluid flow conduits can influence chlorite chemistry. The texture of
chlorite, however, shows less of a relationship to composition. Although massive aggregates of small grains
display the greatest compositional variability, this is because it is the most common texture and hence is
represented by the largest dataset. The compositional characteristics of singular, clean, chlorite grains are
112
Fig. 4.7 – Box plots comparing the abundance of elements in all propylitic chlorite samples as a function of host lithology
(left panel), chlorite texture (middle panel) and mode of occurrence (right panel). Boxes represent ± 1σ, whiskers ± 2σ and
dots are outliers >2σ; horizontal line is the mean value. Each panel is based on 813 analyses of all 56 propylitic chlorite
samples for which LA-ICP-MS data were obtained. Note that sample NP13AP255 is treated as metamorphic and thus
omitted from these plots as it is a significant outlier, with many chemical (see section 4.4.4) and visual attributes similar to
metamorphic chlorite. Lithologies: AFG = alkali feldspar granite; AND = basaltic trachyandesite; BQM = biotite quartz
monzonite; MON = monzonite; MZO = Mafic Zero; SST = volcanic sandstone; TR = trachyte; TVB = trachytic volcanic
breccia/ignimbrite; CON = volcanic conglomerate. Chlorite textures, as described in section 4.4.1: grains = singular grains;
massive = massive aggregates; pseudo. = pseudomorphs after biotite. Modes of occurrence: repl. = disseminated
replacement; halo = developed in halo around propylitic vein; vein = present/crystallised as part of vein fill.
113
generally distinct in that they tend to have elevated Al, Ti, V and Fe and low Si, Ca, Sr, Zn and Ni. However,
this can be explained by the fact that they only occur within veins (and represent the smallest dataset of
two samples), and essentially reflect the vein-hosted chlorite fingerprint. Chlorite pseudomorphs, primarily
after biotite, do not display any distinguishing features.
4.4.4 Spatial trends in chlorite mineral chemistry

In order to assess spatial variation in mineral chemistry with reference to known deposits, 2D linear distances
to the centre of the E26 and E48 orebodies were calculated for all samples (Appendix C). Note 2D rather than
3D distances were calculated, as the vertical centre of the porphyry systems is unknown - each system being
vertically extensive, with a pipe-like morphology, and remaining open at depth.
Trends associated with the E48 deposit

Samples from drillholes E48D134, E48D147, GD654, E26D360 and E26D361 are closest to the E48 deposit. Based
on field relationships, alteration within these drillholes appears directly related to this deposit, with the most
intense propylitic alteration clearly zoned around it (e.g. Fig. 2.17). E48 is therefore associated with the largest
sample suite and is also the most centrally located deposit relative to the known systems. Consequently, trends
in the mineral chemistry of samples from the aforementioned drillholes together with all intermediate distance
rock-chip and distal metamorphic samples are assessed with respect to E48 (Figs. 4.8, 4.9).
Based on SEM-EDS data, Al is present at ~2.2 apfu in deposit-proximal chlorite, gradually increasing with
distance until a maximum of ~2.6 apfu Al is accommodated at ~800 m from the deposit; values then decrease
back toward ~2.1 apfu out to ~8 km (Fig. 4.8a). Si, being negatively correlated with Al (Fig. 4.6b), demonstrates
the opposite behaviour (Fig. 4.8b). Regional metamorphic chlorite trends toward even lower Al and higher Si
contents, but are generally indistinguishable from the most distal propylitic samples. The Mn content of
chlorite displays a pronounced zonation around E48, reaching maximum values of 0.4-0.5 apfu at ~800 m
from the deposit centre (Fig. 4.8c). Such Mn in chlorite halos were also documented by Ballantyne (1981) at
the North Silver Bell and Safford deposits (Arizona, USA) and by Wilkinson et al. (2015) at the Batu Hijau
deposit (Sumbawa, Indonesia). They are also in agreement with the distal Mn increase observed by Norman
et al. (1991) at Southwest Tintic (Utah, USA). Metamorphic chlorites are distinguishable by their low Mn
contents, typically <0.1 apfu. By contrast, Mg and Fe contents show no clear systematic trends with proximity
to E48, being broadly restricted to the range of 2.5-3.5 apfu and 1.4-2.0 apfu respectively. However,
metamorphic chlorite is, on average, slightly more Fe-rich and Mg-poor than propylitic chlorite, but with
significant scatter (Fig. 4.8d,e).
Although based on fewer samples, the Mn content of chlorite determined by LA-ICP-MS displays exactly the
same spatial trend as determined by SEM-EDS (c.f. Figs. 4.8c and 4.9a). Zn concentrations further define this
remarkable halo, increasing systematically from values typically <1,000 ppm in the most proximal and distal
samples, up to almost 2,500 ppm in intermediate-distance samples between ~0.6-2 km from the centre of
E48 (Fig. 4.9b). Metamorphic samples show low Zn (<1,000 ppm, with most ~600 ppm), similar to the most
distal propylitic samples.
114
Fig. 4.8 – Spatial trends in the composition of chlorite
with reference to the centre of the E48 deposit, based on
SEM-EDS data. Boxes represent the ± 1σ compositional
variability in each sample, with whiskers at ± 2σ; circles
are outliers >2σ and horizontal lines show the mean
value. Blue boxes = propylitic chlorite, grey boxes =
metamorphic chlorite; n = number of analyses in which
the selected element was >LOD.
The V concentration in chlorite rapidly decreases from ~400 ppm in most proximal samples to ~100 ppm
in chlorite located 600-800 m from E48, before gradually increasing to mean values of 300-400 ppm at
between 2-4 km (Fig. 4.9c). It then appears to drop off towards metamorphic chlorite compositions of
mostly <200 ppm (with the exception of one unusually high sample, NP13AP264, that is particularly close
to the Nash’s Hill prospect; Fig. 4.3). The Ni content of propylitic chlorite appears to display mostly random
variability between 5-60 ppm and a large within-sample range (Fig. 4.9d). However, chlorite located
between 600-800 m from the E48 centre has Ni consistently <20 ppm and displays limited within-sample
variability. Metamorphic samples generally have high Ni content, with only one sample containing <20
ppm and none <10 ppm. Notably, both V and Ni reach their lowest concentrations in chlorite at the same
distance from E48 as Mn and Zn reach their maximum values.
115
Titanium in chlorite, with the exception of three samples, decreases almost exponentially from >200 ppm
to ~80 ppm with increasing distance from the E48 system (Fig. 4.9e). The three samples which fall off this
trend are located at ~850 m and are not random anomalies. The sample with the highest Ti concentration
(~450 ppm) is characterised by particularly intense and texturally-destructive chloritisation, developed as
part of the largest observed P1 propylitic vein (see section 2.6.4). Those of slightly lower Ti concentrations
(~250 ppm) were collected immediately adjacent to this vein, suggesting that Ti in chlorite can decrease
away from zones of focused fluid flow at various scales. Metamorphic chlorite shows consistently lower Ti
concentrations compared to propylitic samples, with values almost exclusively <50 ppm.
The concentration of Sr in metamorphic chlorite is typically slightly higher than in propylitic samples, but
is not distinctive. Further, there is no systematic spatial variability within the propylitic samples (Fig. 4.9f),
unlike the trends that were documented at Batu Hijau (Wilkinson et al., 2015).
Cu, Pb and Ba demonstrate almost identical behaviour in chlorite (Fig. 4.9g-i). All these elements, perhaps
counter-intuitively, are almost absent (concentrations <<10 ppm) in chlorite developed within 3 km of E48
but may rarely be slightly elevated in the most distal samples. However, within metamorphic chlorite,
much higher concentrations are revealed: Cu up to ~900 ppm; Pb up to ~45 ppm and Ba up to ~200 ppm.
The only propylitic sample with such elevated concentrations of Cu, Pb and Ba is NP13AP255, located ~6
km from E48 (Fig. 4.9g-i). As discussed in section 4.3.1, this sample also texturally appears most similar to
metamorphic samples and was only considered propylitic given its proximity to the ‘Nash’s Hill’ prospect.
These results suggest it is actually of metamorphic origin.
Ca is consistently present in propylitic chlorite in the range of 100-900 ppm and shows no systematic spatial
variation (Fig. 4.9j). As above, sample NP13AP255 with values ~1,000 ppm again appears similar to
metamorphic samples, which themselves mostly contain >1,500 ppm Ca and are thus usefully
distinguished. Similarly, the highest concentrations of Li (~200 ppm) are observed in the metamorphic
samples (Fig. 4.9k). Within propylitic chlorite, Li concentrations remain between ~10-60 ppm until >2 km
from E48, at which point they begin to systematically increase toward 150 ppm, effectively transitioning
into the range of metamorphic samples.
Sb in chlorite is typically at levels below the limit of detection via LA-ICP-MS; where quantifiable it is in the
range of 10-200 ppb, although it is unknown where the Sb cation would reside within the mineral structure
and this may simply represent minor contamination. Nevertheless, Sb displays a noteworthy systematic
increase with distance from E48 and discriminates most distal propylitic chlorite from metamorphic
chlorite in which Sb concentrations are consistently low or <LOD (Fig. 4.9l).
The concentration of Co in chlorite also displays a broad continual increase from ~50 ppm in proximal
samples out to ~150 ppm in chlorite located >2 km from E48 (Fig. 4.9m). Metamorphic chlorites have
elevated Co, similar to the distal propylitic chlorite. Values <100 ppm typically correspond to chlorite
developed within 1.5 km of E48.
116
B is present in the majority of samples at concentrations of ~6 ppm and reaches up to 12 ppm; although
values appear to increase between 350 to 600 m from E48 there is too much scatter to define any clear
spatial trends (Fig. 4.9n).
Fig. 4.9, continued overleaf.
117
Fig. 4.9, continued – Spatial trends in the trace element composition of chlorite with reference to the centre of the E48
deposit, based on LA-ICP-MS data. All other details as for Fig. 4.8.

Samples from drillhole E26D507 appear to be related to the E26 deposit, although there remains the
possibility these may have been affected by the nearby GRP314 system. Drillhole E26D460 was driven sub-
horizontally from E26 northwards toward E48, with its collar at the same depth as E26D459 (Fig. 4.4). As
such, samples from E26D460 may be related to either or both deposits. The samples from E26D459 are
closest to E26 and are assumed to be related to this system; however, propylitic alteration in this drillhole
is not particularly well developed in comparison to all other samples.
118
Because of these complications, mineral chemistry trends relative to E26 are assessed for each hole
individually (Fig. 4.10). As expected from the E48 results, given the close proximity of samples from
E26D507, D26D459 and E26D460 to the E26 deposit, the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Ba, Ba, Ca, Li, Sb and Co
in chlorite do not exhibit any clear spatial variations, hence, for brevity, are not shown in Fig. 4.10.
Nevertheless, the absolute concentration of these elements is within the same range as those E48 samples
located at similar distances from the system centre: Ca = 200-800 ppm and Li = 20-100 ppm with Cu
typically <5 ppm, Pb <1 ppm, Ba <4 ppm, Sb <0.1 ppm and Co <120 ppm.
Chlorite from E26D507 shows a decrease in Al and corresponding increase in Si content with progressive
distance from E26 (Fig. 4.10a,b). Although this is broadly what is observed at E48 further out, at similar
distances to those represented in E26D507 the trend is actually the opposite. Further, Mg and Fe, which
did not show consistent spatial variation around E48, appear to increase and decrease respectively with
distance from E26 (Fig. 4.10f,g). This could represent a host rock control over Fe and Mg content, with all
samples from E26 almost entirely hosted by BQM, thus removing this variable and allowing spatial trends
to be observed. In comparison, highly variable volcanics and intrusive rocks surround the upper portions
of E48.
In agreement with the E48 dataset, the concentrations of Mn and Zn in chlorite from E26D507 increase
with distance from E26, whereas V and Ti broadly decrease (Fig. 4.10e,h). Maximum values of Mn and Zn in
chlorite of 0.2 apfu and ~1,400 ppm respectively fall short of the maximum values reached in the halo
around E48. However, samples only provide coverage to <850 m from the deposit and this suggests the
maximum point of the Mn-Zn halo around E26 is located still further out. Sr in chlorite from E26D507 is
only present at low levels (<13 ppm) and, as for E48, shows no clear spatial trends (Fig. 4.10i). Ni may be
said to slightly increase with progression from E26 but this is at best tenuous (Fig. 4.10j).
Chlorite from drillhole E26D460 initially shows an increasing Al content away from E26, reaching maximum
values at ~600 m before starting to decrease; again Si demonstrates the inverse trend (Fig. 4.10a,b).
Similarly, Mn and Zn show broad halos, with maximum concentrations reached between 500-700 m from
E26 (Fig. 4.10c,d). These trends are in agreement with those observed around E48 and as such could be
interpreted as entirely reflecting the E26 system. However, the more distal samples in this drillhole are in
fact closer to the E48 system (e.g. Fig. 4.3) and so the Mn data are considered to define an ‘m’-shaped
pattern of two halos, with maximum Mn concentrations at 500 and 700 m from E26, returning to lower
levels at 600 m (Fig. 4.10b). Mg and Fe contents perhaps show this behaviour even better, defining distinct
‘m’- and ‘w’-shaped trends respectively (Fig. 4.10f,g). The latter cannot be easily interpreted in relation to
just E26, but may be easily thought of as the same geochemical characteristics being displayed around
each of the two adjoining systems. Remarkably therefore, chlorite from drillhole E26D460 seems to reflect
both the E26 and E48 systems between which it was drilled. The Sr concentration of chlorite in this drillhole
also appears to show a ‘U’-shaped profile, decreasing away from E26 and increasing toward E48 (Fig. 4.10i).
119
Ti content again decreases rapidly from E26 and, in keeping with the proximity to hydrothermal centres,
remains relatively elevated (>100 ppm) throughout E26D460, although does not increase toward E48 (Fig.
4.10h). This is likely because these samples are still too distal from the E48 centre.
Chlorite from drillhole E26D459, sampling at depth to the west of E26, is consistently anomalous in
comparison to all other propylitic samples. Si, Al, Mn, Zn, Ti, V and Sr show no spatial trends, while absolute
values of Mn and Ti are particularly low, typically <0.12 apfu and <150 ppm respectively (Fig. 4.10a-e,h,i).
Only the Mg and Fe contents of chlorite appear to exhibit spatial variation; as observed in other samples
around E26, the former shows a weak tendency to increase with progression from E26 while the latter
decreases (Fig. 4.10f,g).
Fig. 4.10 – Spatial trends in the composition of chlorite for selected elements with reference to the centre of E26, shown
individually for each drillhole/transect. Si, Al, Mn, Mg and Fe are based on SEM-EDS data, all others on LA-ICP-MS data. Plot
details as for Fig. 4.8.
120
Trends in drillhole E34D3
The E34 prospect is a circular magnetic anomaly
located ~2 km west of E48 and E26; no
mineralised QMP bodies are presently known (J.
Owens, Northparkes Mines pers. comm., 2015).
Propylitic alteration is dominant in drillhole
E34D3 but there remains the possibility for
undiscovered mineralisation in this area and the
alteration cannot be simply assumed to be
related to known deposits, hence mineral
chemistry trends are assessed separately (Fig.
4.11).
Chlorite from E34D3 is directly comparable to

other deposit-related samples, with Pb
concentrations mostly <0.6 ppm, Cu <5 ppm, Ba
<9 ppm, Sr <13 ppm and Ca in the range of 200-
600 ppm; Ti is also present at relatively high levels
with many samples >100 ppm, in the range of 50-
250 ppm. Although these results immediately
Fig. 4.11 – Spatial trends in the composition of chlorite for
indicate prospectivity, alone they do not imply a selected elements along drillhole E34D3 (for location see Fig.
new system and could simply reflect the nearby 4.3). Al, Si, Mn, Mg and Fe are based on SEM-EDS data, all
others on LA-ICP-MS data. Plot details as for Fig. 4.8.
known mineralised centres.
Sb is largely present at <0.12 ppm and Ni concentrations lie between 5-20 ppm; the exception is one
relatively Ni-rich chlorite (NP12AP023; ~60 ppm) from within the ‘Mafic Zero’, which likely reflects a host
rock control (section 4.4.3). Such values for Ni and Sb in the E48 dataset were typical of samples located
~0.5-1.5 km from the deposit.
Notably, a fault of unknown offset juxtaposes basaltic trachyandesite against the BQM at ~500 m depth
in drillhole E34D3. Associated with it are zones of shearing and sericitic alteration (Fig. 2.17). As such, the
relationship between samples either side of this structure is unclear and spatial variation in chlorite
chemistry down this drillhole is best considered only at depths >500 m.
Fe and Mn in chlorite from E34D3 average ~1.6 and ~3.0 apfu respectively and display no systematic
downhole variation (Fig. 4.11f,g). Conversely, Al, Mn and Ti initially show a broad increase in concentration
down E34D3, reaching peak values at ~1 km hole-depth before decreasing again (Fig. 4.11a,c,h). Zn also
exhibits this trend once below the aforementioned fault (Fig. 4.11d). Still, the maximum concentrations of
121
Mn (0.15 apfu), Ti (250 ppm) and Zn (1,000 ppm) reached are lower than in the centre of the Mn-Zn halo
around E48. Owing to their negative correlation in chlorite, Si shows the inverse trend to that of Al (Fig. 4.11b).
The V and Li contents of chlorite broadly increase down E34D3 from 800 m onwards (Fig. 4.11e,j),
reminiscent of trends in the E48 dataset and suggesting progression away from a mineralised centre. Co
though, which might also be expected to show similar behaviour based on E48 data, seems to decrease
down this drillhole (Fig. 4.11i).
Overall, the absolute concentration values for elements in E34D3 chlorite are typical of other samples
located at similar distances to the E48/E26 systems and could be interpreted simply as a part of their
alteration shell. However, the presence of a distinct down-hole trend in the abundance of Al, Mn, Ti and Zn
is not easily explained by this interpretation. Further, peak concentrations of these elements are coincident
with the most intense propylitic alteration (between 1-1.3 km down-hole) and the occurrence of minor
magnetite veinlets (at ~1.15 km), which perhaps indicate a transition toward magnetite ± biotite alteration.
Such trends could easily reflect either: 1) the presence of an undiscovered mineralised centre below the
drillhole at ~1 km along its length, or; 2) a major fluid conduit (probably from E48) passing within close
proximity to the drillhole, again at ~1 km along its length.
4.4.5 Chlorite results summary

The vast majority of chlorite sampled is manganoan clinochlore in which the abundance of major cations
is often interrelated. The Fe/Mg ratio of chlorite is, at least in part, controlled by the host lithology, with
rocks of more primitive composition predisposed to slightly higher Mg content. The concentration of Ni,
Co and Ba also demonstrably has some dependence on host lithology in certain examples. Chlorite texture,
and which mineral it replaces, appear to have little effect on the chemistry of the mineral. However, chlorite
chemistry demonstrates a remarkable systematic spatial variation in relation to both distance from
hydrothermal centres and differing paragenesis (i.e. propylitic alteration vs. metamorphism). Ti and Al are
positively correlated and appear to decrease in concentration away from zones of focused fluid flow
represented by both porphyry centres and major veins; Si varies inversely to Al. Around E26, where the
host rock is dominated by homogeneous BQM, chlorite Mg content increases with progressive distance
from the deposit; Fe, being inversely correlated, decreases. Mn and Zn consistently define halos of elevated
concentration around the porphyry centres, coincidental with low concentrations of V and Ni. Co, Li and
Sb concentrations increase into zones of distal propylitic alteration, remaining at relatively low values
within 2 km of known deposits. Propylitic chlorite lacks any appreciable Cu, Pb and Ba, but these elements
may reach significantly elevated values in metamorphic chlorite samples from elsewhere in the region.
Similarly, Ca is present at relatively low concentrations in deposit-related chlorite by comparison to most
metamorphic samples.
122
4.5 E PIDOTE RESULTS
Sample information, SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS compositional data are tabulated in Appendices C, G and I
respectively. Results are presented graphically in the following sections.
4.5.1 Epidote alteration textures

Three dominant types of epidote, all of which may be present in the same sample, were distinguished
based on textures observed using SEM-BSE imaging.
Clean, euhedral grains

Large (50-750 μm long), typically euhedral crystals of epidote are most common in vein centres where they
are variably intergrown with calcite, quartz, chlorite and occasional pyrite-chalcopyrite (Fig. 4.12a). This
type of epidote may also be present in replacement zones directly adjacent to veins. In hand specimen it
is the darkest green and has the most vitreous lustre. The grains usually display complex internal growth
zoning in SEM-BSE images; oscillatory zoning is dominant, but occasional core-rim zoning and even sector
zoning can be observed (Fig. 4.12b,c). Despite such internal complexity, these grains have the lowest level
of inclusions/impurities and, as such, consistently provided the best analyses via LA-ICP-MS.
Broken and included grains

Relatively large (25-400 μm long), euhedral to subhedral crystals of epidote were observed in both veins
and replacement patches; they are characteristically highly fractured and contain a high density of
inclusions (Fig. 4.12d,e). Most inclusions are of phengitic sericite, calcite and minor chlorite, although
apatite and titanite can also be present. Singular apatite and titanite crystals (as documented for chlorite
replacement) are developed within and amongst these epidote grains (Fig. 4.12e), and calcite and/or
quartz often in-fill interstices between the mineral grains. Crystal zoning (as observed in SEM-BSE images)
is never strongly developed, but sometimes parts an epidote grain may show a higher density of inclusions,
frequently toward the outer edges (Fig. 4.12d). This presumably reflects differing growth conditions and
perhaps growth rates through time. These grains can be transitional to the cleaner euhedral epidotes
described above. Owing to inclusions, this type of epidote is difficult to analyse via LA-ICP-MS. Many
ablation spots were abandoned during acquisition and, where accepted, typically only a part of the signal
corresponding to inclusion-free epidote could be integrated.
Aggregated subhedral grains

Perhaps the most common type of epidote occurs as aggregates of small (1-200 μm long), subhedral to
anhedral grains that lack any significant internal zoning (Fig. 4.12f-i). Frequently, grain boundaries appear
sutured together, either with one another or with interstitial calcite, quartz and/or chlorite (Fig. 4.12f,g).
Inclusions of these minerals are also often present and, again, apatite crystals may be observed in amongst
the epidote. In hand specimen, this epidote lacks lustre and is the palest green colour, suggesting colour
intensity is inversely correlated with the abundance of interstitial calcite and/or quartz. Typically, such
epidote aggregates are present as replacement patches, where they may be the result of pervasive,
123
texturally-destructive replacement of sedimentary and basaltic volcanic rocks, or may occur as selectively
pervasive replacement of mafic minerals (accompanied by chlorite-phengite) or feldspar (accompanied by
calcite-quartz, e.g. Fig. 4.12i). However, more rarely, these aggregates can also be observed in veins,
intergrown with quartz, calcite, pyrite and even anhydrite (Fig. 4.12h). Analysis by SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS
was limited to grains of suitable size and low inclusion density.
Fig. 4.12 – SEM-BSE photomicrographs of epidote alteration textures; all scale bars = 200 μm. (a) single euhedral crystals
with calcite and pyrite-chalcopyrite bleb in vein. Note oscillatory zonation in tip of labelled grain, NP12AP113; (b) large
clean crystal composed of several distinct growth zones, NP13AP181; (c) large clean crystal with complex internal zoning,
including oscillatory zoning (parallel growth zones, top) and sector zoning (one example arrowed), NP13AP090; (d) mostly
euhedral broken grains with interstitial calcite. Note that crystals show inclusion-rich zones, including crystal edges, and
that fractures do not affect calcite, suggesting two phases of epidote growth separated in time by a period of brittle
deformation, NP12AP010; (e) mostly subhedral, broken and included grains enclosing two large apatite crystals and with
interstitial calcite, NP13AP179; (f) aggregate of anhedral grains with almost sutured contacts, intergrown with minor
quartz, NP12AP093; (g) aggregate of particularly small subhedral to anhedral grains with minor interstitial phengite (light
grey) and quartz patches, NP13AP061; (h) patch of aggregated, anhedral epidote grains intergrown with anhydrite in
quartz-epidote-anhydrite vein, NP13AP286; (i) selective replacement of tabular plagioclase by epidote, calcite and quartz.
Note quartz rims/pseudomorphs original plagioclase, with epidote appearing to have grown inwards from it almost like a
vug, cemented by calcite, NP13AP237.
124
4.5.2 Epidote mineral chemistry
Based on the calculated atomic abundance of Al, Fe and Mn per formula unit (Appendix G), all analyses
were of true epidote (Fig. 4.13a) with XEp ≥0.5, mostly in the range 0.6-1.1. Those values >1 reflect more
than one Fe atom per formula unit (Eq. 4.1). These calculations assume all Fe is Fe3+ and are based on 12.5
oxygen equivalents. Al and Fe demonstrate an expected excellent negative correlation across all values of
XEp (Fig. 4.13b), suggesting a complete solid solution exists within this range; further, Fe does not show any
linear correlation with Ca (Fig. 4.13c). These relationships are consistent with Fe being present entirely as
Fe3+, or, if present as Fe2+, that it substitutes for Al in the octahedral M sites.
The abundance of Mn shows no clear relationship to the absolute concentrations of Fe, Al or Al+Fe (Fig.
4.13d), but rather demonstrates a negative correlation with Ca (Fig. 4.13e). This is strong evidence that Mn
is present as Mn2+, substituting for Ca in A sites (likely A1), as opposed to the more typical trivalent
behaviour and substitution for Al or Fe (e.g. Dollase, 1969, 1973; Ferraris et al., 1989). Accordingly,
compositions are driven toward manganoan epidote rather than piemontite. The diffuse nature of the
trend also shows that for any given abundance of Ca there is still a large and variable range in associated
Mn content, indicating that other cations must also substitute for Ca when Mn content is low, such that
total A site occupancy ≈ 2.0-2.1 apfu.
Using these inferred occupancies, an average formula for samples from deposit-related propylitic
alteration can be given as (Ca1.99,Mn0.03)(Al2.15,Fe0.83)Si3.00O12(OH) and for regional metamorphic samples as
(Ca1.97,Mn0.01)(Al2.13,Fe0.87)Si3.01O12(OH), calculated from 3,540 and 316 SEM-EDS analyses respectively
(treating Mn <LOD as zero). Therefore, with regard to major element composition, these epidotes of
differing paragenesis are almost indistinguishable apart from the slightly higher Mn in propylitic samples.
Total A site cations (Ca+Mn) show a broad negative correlation with total M site cations (Fe+Al), suggesting
an overall structural limit of ~5.0 apfu in these sites and a complementary relationship between the two
(Fig. 4.13f). Similarly, Si which dominates the tetrahedral (T) site, is negatively correlated with Fe+Al such
that total M+T site occupancy is limited to ~6.0 apfu (Fig. 4.13g). In contrast, there is no correlation between
Si and Ca+Mn, implying M sites provide the link between total A and T site occupancy. This is in agreement
with the known crystal structure in which octahedral chains containing the M sites are responsible for the
generation of the A and T sites which are formed in-between them (section 4.2.2).
Generally, there is a tendency for increased Fe/Al ratios to be associated with higher Mn and lower Ca
contents (Fig. 4.13h,i). However, the scattered nature of these trends is more indicative of
geochemical/spatial coincidence rather than a crystallographic control, i.e. conditions under which Mn is
elevated also favour Fe/Al ratios ≈ 0.3-0.4.
125
Fig. 4.13 – Major element epidote mineral chemistry data from all SEM-EDS analyses, grouped by host lithology. (a)
classification as true epidote; (b-i) relationships between major cations within the epidote structure. Note all data shown
in atoms per formula unit (apfu) were calculated based on 12.5 oxygen equivalents; Mn values plotting <0.01 apfu are
those <LOD via SEM-EDS. Data points referred to as ‘not shown’ are outliers which occur off the scale of the plots.
126
The concentrations of Au, Ag, Tl, Ta, Lu, Hf, and Th are almost exclusively <LOD; where detected, Hf, Th and
Lu average 0.2 ppm whereas Tl and Ta average 0.4 ppm. Na and K are frequently <LOD, and, where
detected, are typically just above the LOD at <20 ppm and <50 ppm respectively. Eu and Yb are mostly
present at <4 ppm averaging 1 ppm; Y <40 ppm averaging 7 ppm; Zr <10 ppm averaging 2 ppm; U <1 ppm
averaging 0.4 ppm. None of these elements demonstrate systematic spatial variation in their
concentration, or significant differences between propylitic and metamorphic epidote samples, hence
they are not discussed further.
4.5.3 Lithological and textural controls over epidote mineral chemistry

There is no obvious control of epidote major element chemistry by the host lithology in which it is
developed, with the exception of epidote from the trachytic volcanic breccias which shows a subtle trend
towards higher Fe and lower Al (Fig. 4.13b,h). To more thoroughly assess possible host rock controls,
especially for trace elements, the abundance and variability of selected elements in epidote is considered
as a function of host lithology for all propylitic samples (Fig. 4.14).
The concentrations of most elements (particularly Ca, Si, Ba, Sn, Ce, V, Sr, Si, As, Mg, Ti, Sb, Bi and Sr) are
remarkably consistent within epidote from all lithological groups, being typically indistinguishable within
one standard deviation of average values. Only two further lithological preferences are apparent. Trachyte
(TR)-hosted epidote trends toward higher Mg, Zn, As, Co and Sr concentrations relative to other host rocks,
and epidote developed in the AFG shows slightly elevated Al, Sn, Mn and Pb along with lower Fe and Si.
These observations could indicate a real, but weak, host rock control. For example, TR-hosted epidote may
be elevated in several elements because in these rocks, dominated by K-feldspar and quartz, there are few
other minerals within which such elements can be easily accommodated. However, it is notable that both
lithological groups are represented by only two samples and, with many more represented by the other
groups, these differences could also simply represent a sampling bias.
Possible compositional variance related to epidote of different textures (section 4.5.1) and mode of
occurrence is also considered (Fig. 4.14). Broadly, texturally-distinct epidote types are geochemically
indistinguishable from one another. The only notable feature is a slight preference for the large, pure and
euhedral epidote grains to contain higher Ca and Al, along with lower Mn and As concentrations. With
regard to mode of occurrence, epidote hosted in both veins and vein halos generally shows elevated
concentrations of Ti, Al, Mn, Pb and Zn in comparison to disseminated replacement epidote. With the
exception of Pb, these trends are similar to those documented in chlorite (section 4.4.3).
127
Fig. 4.14 – Box plots comparing the abundance of elements in epidote as a function of host lithology (left panel), epidote
texture (middle panel) and mode of occurrence (right panel). Each panel is based on 706 analyses of all 56 propylitic
epidote samples for which LA-ICP-MS data were obtained. Epidote textures, as described in section 4.5.1: subhed. =
aggregated subhedral grains; broken = broken and included grains; euhedral = clean euhedral grains. Note FLT = epidote
as fault breccia cement; all other plot details as for Fig. 4.7.
128
4.5.4 Spatial trends in epidote mineral chemistry
Spatial variations in the mineral chemistry of epidote are assessed in the same way as for chlorite (see
section 4.4.4).

Based on SEM-EDS data (Fig. 4.15), the Mn content of epidote displays the largest spatial variation, showing
a halo of maximum values ~0.15 apfu at ~800 m from the centre of E48 (Fig. 4.15c), coincident with the
Mn-Zn halo observed for chlorite. However, in contrast to chlorite, the epidote Mn halo is defined only by
the high concentrations in a given sample (e.g. mean + 1σ values, the upper limit of boxes in Fig. 4.15c),
with nearly every sample also containing a range of Mn contents down to <LOD (although <LOD data
points are omitted from Fig. 4.15c for clarity). This is presumably a direct result of the partitioning of Mn
into various crystallographic zones within a single epidote grain. Across the Mn halo, Ca shows a spatially
coincident decrease in concentration (Fig. 4.15b), albeit less well-defined, as a result of the negative
substitution correlation between the two elements (Fig. 4.13e).
Despite much scatter in the data, Al also appears to gradually increase from ~2.1 apfu in deposit-proximal
epidote to ~2.3 apfu at ~800 m from E48, before decreasing back to ~2.1 apfu several km from the deposit
(Fig. 4.15e). Again, this trend was observed for Al in chlorite. The inverse trend is observed for Fe in epidote
(Fig. 4.15d) as a consequence of the clinozoisite substitution relationship between the two (Fig. 4.13b). The
Si content of epidote is remarkably uniform throughout all propylitic samples, but does show a distinct
increase in some of the metamorphic examples (Fig. 4.15a).
The Mn halo in propylitic epidote based on LA-ICP-MS data (Fig. 4.16a) is far clearer and better defined than
in SEM-EDS data, despite fewer overall samples, because the lower limit of Mn concentrations is still >LOD
via this technique. As observed for chlorite, Zn concentration also shows a broadly spatially coincident halo
of elevated values (Fig. 4.16b). Notably, in chlorite, Mn and Zn reached peak concentrations of ~40,000 ppm
and ~2,000 ppm, far higher than in epidote where they peak at ~12,000 ppm and ~30 ppm respectively. In
contrast, Pb, which was typically <2 ppm in propylitic chlorite, is present in the range 10-150 ppm in propylitic
epidote, with nearly all samples located <1 km from E48 containing >60 ppm Pb (Fig. 4.16c). Metamorphic
epidote reaches yet higher Pb concentrations, up to 200 ppm, and rarely displays values <50 ppm.
Mg is present in all propylitic samples in the range ~200-1,200 ppm, demonstrating a tendency for
concentrations >800 ppm within 1.5 km of E48 (Fig. 4.16d). In comparison, two of the three metamorphic
samples for which LA-ICP-MS data could be obtained contain <200 ppm Mg.
Ti was also detected in all samples and, as for chlorite, shows a decrease in concentration with distance
from E48 (Fig. 4.16e); proximal samples reach ~2,500 ppm compared to only ~500 ppm in metamorphic
epidote. As for Mn, Ti was found to display compositional variation during analysis, probably as a result of
growth zoning, producing a large range of Ti concentrations in any given mineral grain. Consequently, this
trend is defined only by the maximum Ti concentrations in a given sample.
129
Fig. 4.15 – Spatial trends in the composition of epidote
with reference to the centre of the E48 deposit, based on
SEM-EDS data. Boxes represent the ± 1σ compositional
variability in each sample, with whiskers at ± 2σ; circles
are outliers >2σ and horizontal lines show the mean
value. Green boxes = propylitic epidote, grey boxes =
metamorphic epidote; n = number of analyses in which
the selected element was >LOD.
Bi was only present at concentrations >LOD in 43% of analyses and, where quantified, is typically <0.5 ppm.
Remarkably, however, Bi reaches ~1-4 ppm in several epidote samples located within 1.5 km of E48,
appearing to provide a very useful proximal fertility indicator and metamorphic discriminant (Fig. 4.16f).
Similarly, although V is consistently present between ~10-700 ppm, concentrations of ~700-2,500 ppm are
essentially restricted to epidote developed within ~700 m of E48 (Fig. 4.16g). The absolute abundance of
V in epidote is also far higher than in chlorite, which is typically <400 ppm.
130
Fig. 4.16, continued overleaf.
131
Fig. 4.16, continued – Spatial trends in the trace element composition of epidote with reference to the centre of the E48
deposit, based on LA-ICP-MS data. All other details as for Fig. 4.15.
132
Unlike chlorite, in which Sr was usually <40 ppm, propylitic epidote is characterised by Sr concentrations
between 200-5,000 ppm, although no pronounced spatial trends are developed (Fig. 4.16h). Nonetheless,
Sr content is a very useful discriminator between propylitic and metamorphic samples in the Northparkes
district, with the latter characterised by 5,000-20,000 ppm Sr; clearly, metamorphic epidote may be a
significant host of Sr.
Despite geochemical similarities to Sr, Ba is of only limited abundance (mostly <20 ppm) in all analysed
epidote (Fig. 4.16i), probably owing to its particularly large ionic radius (section 4.2.2). Still, the Ba content
of epidote does (with the exception of three deposit-proximal samples that show a sharp decrease) appear
to erratically increase from <5 ppm within 1 km of E48, up to 5-20 ppm further out. Metamorphic samples
contain fairly unremarkable Ba contents in the range ~0-10 ppm.
Sb and As were detected in the majority of analysed epidote and demonstrate similar behaviour to one
another. Generally, concentrations are typically <10 ppm, with most epidote encountered either <1 km
from E48 or in metamorphic samples containing >10 ppm As and Sb (Fig. 4.16j,k). Indeed, compared to all
propylitic samples, As in metamorphic epidote is highly enriched, with values in the range of ~20-100 ppm.
Notably, some epidote samples display a large range of As and Sb concentrations, whereas other spatially
adjacent samples show only a limited range. Such behaviour though shows no correlation with host
lithology, epidote texture, or mode of occurrence.
Propylitic epidote mostly contains <2 ppm Co, far lower than observed in chlorite which reached ~150
ppm. Generally, those epidote samples with lowest Co content (~0.5 ppm) are located ~1 km from E48,
and more proximal than this, there is a suggestion of a halo feature (Fig. 4.16l).
Cu was only detected by LA-ICP-MS in 9% of epidote analyses and Mo in only 25%; they are typified by
concentrations <6 and <0.8 ppm respectively, including in two metamorphic samples which do not appear
distinct from propylitic samples in these elements (Fig. 4.16m,n). The Cu data are too few to define a reliable
pattern but the Mo results do appear to show an increase to a maximum at ~800m followed by a decrease,
rather similar to Zn and Mn.
Sn occurs at ~1-4 ppm in the majority of samples, including metamorphic epidote. Although there seem
to be systematically higher Sn concentrations in epidote located ~0.4-1.5 km from E48 (Fig. 4.16o), the
magnitude of variation is small and is largely dependent on results from only 4-5 samples.
Ce was also detected in the majority of analyses, usually at concentrations <20 ppm. Of the eight samples
in which Ce was >30 ppm, six are located ~0.4 to 1.5 km from E48 and appear to define a proximal
enrichment (Fig. 4.16p).
133
As observed in the E48 dataset, the Si content of epidote from around E26 is remarkably uniform and shows
no spatial variability. Cu, Mo and Co are again typically present only at low concentrations of <3, <0.75 and
<1.5 ppm respectively; Sn is mostly detected in the range of 1-4 ppm and, in-keeping with the close
proximity of most samples to E26, Ba is generally <10 ppm. Despite some E48-proximal epidote containing
relatively elevated V (>1,000 ppm) and Ce (>20 ppm) contents, these elements remain below such
concentrations in the majority of the E26 epidote analyses. Relatively high concentrations of As (up to ~50
ppm) may be observed, along with Sb (up to ~30 ppm), in agreement with the E48 proximal data, but both
are more commonly detected at levels <20 ppm. None of the aforementioned trace elements (Cu, Mo, Co,
Sn, Ba, V, Ce, As and Sb) display clear systematic spatial variation with distance to E26 and thus for brevity
are omitted from Figure 4.17.
With increasing distance from E26 the Mn content of epidote in drillhole E26D507 gradually increases (Fig.
4.17b), as also shown by chlorite along the same transect, thus defining the inner limb of the Mn halo
around the deposit. Given that the increase in Mn is relatively minor (~0.05 apfu), a corresponding,
opposite effect on Ca is not observed (Fig. 4.17a). The Al content of epidote in E26D507 again mimics the
trend displayed by chlorite, appearing to decrease with distance (Fig. 4.17g); although this trend is in the
opposite sense to variation around E48 and in other E26 drillholes, it is created entirely by results from the
most distal sample and is probably misleading. As expected, Fe mirrors the trend in Al (Fig. 4.17f).
Unfortunately, it was only possible to obtain LA-ICP-MS data for two epidote samples from E26D507, hence
spatial trends cannot be defined for trace elements. Nonetheless, Pb, Zn and Mg concentrations are directly
comparable to epidote at similar distances from E48 (Fig. 4.17c-e), and, once more, Ti is most elevated in
the sample closest to E26 (Fig. 4.17h).
Mn, Pb, Zn and Mg concentrations in epidote from drillhole E26D460 appear to define a broad halo,
reaching peak values 500-600 m from E26 (Fig. 4.17b-e), with Ca showing inverse behaviour to Mn (Fig.
4.17a). Although such trends could be interpreted purely in relation to E26, as noted for chlorite, distal
epidote in this drillhole is closer to E48. Thus, the pattern, in detail, could in fact be speculatively interpreted
as an asymmetrical ‘m’-shape generated by the overlapping Mn halos of both E26 and E48. This pattern is
perhaps also displayed by the Al content of epidote along the drillhole (Fig. 4.17g). Fe naturally defines the
inverse ‘w’-shaped trend (Fig. 4.17f). Ti concentrations generally decrease from E26 (Fig. 4.17h) and do not
appear to increase toward E48, possibly because the E48 centre is still too distant and the marked Ti
increase is a proximal phenomenon. The most E26-proximal epidote in E26D460 contains 1-2 ppm Bi (Fig.
4.17i) which, in the E48 dataset, was seemingly a good indicator of the fertile nature of the hydrothermal
system. Sr is at similar levels (~200-4,000 ppm) to that observed in E48 epidote (Fig. 4.17j).
134
Fig. 4.17 – Spatial trends in the composition of epidote for selected elements with reference to the centre of E26, shown
individually for each drillhole/transect. Ca, Mn, Fe and Al are based on SEM-EDS data, all others on LA-ICP-MS data. Plot
details as for Fig. 4.15.
The Al content of epidote from drillhole E26D459 displays a systematic increase with progression away
from E26 (Fig. 4.17g). Fe content demonstrates the inverse trend (Fig. 4.17f), reflecting the negative
correlation between these two elements. Such a pattern of increasing Al/Fe with distance was also
documented in the E48 dataset across the same distance (to ~800 m) from the deposit, at which point it
reversed. This drillhole is the only instance where Al in epidote does not mimic those trends previously
identified for Al in chlorite, which did not show any systematic variation E26D459. However, Fe in chlorite
decreases from E26 along E26D459 in a similar way to the epidote, perhaps suggesting that the
incorporation of Fe in epidote is the primary control on Al take-up in this example.
135
Although Mn and Ca are again inversely correlated in epidote from E26D459 they show no obvious
systematic spatial variation in concentration (Fig. 4.17a,b) and neither do Pb, Zn, Mg and Sr (Fig. 4.17c-e, j).
Ti and Bi tend to increase with progression from E26, a pattern which is more consistent with a stronger
hydrothermal centre distal from E26 (Fig. 4.17h-j). At present, all that can be confidently surmised is that
the epidote relates to a fertile system given that Bi concentrations are often >1 ppm.
Trends in drillhole E34D3

Epidote from drillhole E34D3 has typical
concentrations of <5,000 ppm Sr, <4 ppm Ba, <9
ppm Sb, <13 ppm As and <0.3 ppm Mo, with Sn in
the range 0.5-4 ppm. Cu was never >LOD and
although Ce is mostly <25 ppm, two samples
contained relatively elevated concentrations,
reaching up to 100 ppm. Such characteristics are
directly comparable to the deposit-related epidote
samples of the E48 dataset located between 0.8-
2 km from the system centre. Bi is <0.5 ppm in most
analyses, only reaching >1.5 ppm in one sample,
perhaps indicating limited local prospectivity.
As observed for chlorite, the Mn content of epidote

also increases down E34D3, reaching peak values
of ~0.12 apfu at ~0.8 km, then appearing to
decrease, at least in terms of maximum values,
toward the end of the hole (Fig. 4.18b). Once again
Ca shows the inverse trend (Fig. 4.18a). Pb is rather
erratic but also attains its highest concentrations
(>50 ppm) at ~0.8 km (Fig. 4.18c). Similarly, Ti
Fig. 4.18 – Spatial trends in the composition of epidote for
concentrations reach maximum values toward the selected elements along drillhole E34D3 (for location see Fig.
middle of the drillhole, broadly corresponding to 4.3). Ca, Mn, Fe and Al are based on SEM-EDS data, all others
on LA-ICP-MS data. Plot details as for Fig. 4.15.
the region of elevated Mn and Pb (Fig. 4.18h).
Epidote Mg and Co contents show a general reduction in samples up to 1.2 km depth, with Co abundance
limited to <0.8 ppm (Fig. 4.18e,i). Zn remains largely <20 ppm and V <600 ppm (Fig. 4.18d,j); Fe and Al
display no systematic spatial variation (Fig. 4.18f,g). Sr concentrations are typically 300-4,000 ppm (mean
1,200 ppm), thus are indistinguishable from other propylitic epidote samples.
Overall, epidote samples of very similar mineral chemistry to those in E34D3 are located ~0.8-1.5 km from
the system centre in the E48 dataset. Given the location of E34D3, ~1.5 km from E48, these samples could
136
therefore be interpreted as part of the E48 system. However, as discussed for chlorite, this interpretation
does not account for the existence of the halo/peak in Mn and Pb content; this could indicate the existence
of either undiscovered mineralisation or a major fluid flow zone/conduit near the drillhole at ~1-1.3 km
along its length. Because proximal indicator elements such as Bi and Ti remain relatively low in comparison
to the E48 dataset, perhaps the latter possibility is more likely.
4.5.5 Epidote results summary

All analyses are of manganoan epidote. Grains often show complex internal growth zoning involving
variations in Al, Fe, Mn and Ti. However, the Si content is remarkably constant. Host rock control over the
composition of epidote appears negligible for all but the Al/Fe ratio, which may be affected such that
spatial trends in this parameter are obscured. Epidote grains of different textures are geochemically
indistinguishable, but that which is vein-related (i.e. as vein fill or in alteration halos) generally contains
higher concentrations of Ti, Al, Mn, Pb and Zn than disseminated replacement epidote. Cu and Mo are not
readily incorporated into the epidote crystal structure. In comparison to chlorite, epidote shows far higher
maximum concentrations of Pb, Sr, Ti, As and Sb, and lower concentrations of Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Na and K.
Epidote chemistry, as for chlorite, often demonstrates systematic spatial variation around known
hydrothermal centres and also reflects its paragenesis, either as part of a propylitic or metamorphic
assemblage. Mn, Pb and Zn in epidote define halos of elevated concentration around porphyry deposits,
mimicking those observed in the Mn-Zn content of chlorite. Ca shows inverse trends to those of Mn in this
study, thought to be related to competition in the crystal lattice. The maximum concentration of Ti in
epidote decreases rapidly away from zones of focused fluid flow and lowest Ti concentrations are in
metamorphic epidote. As and Sb appear to be relatively elevated in both deposit-proximal and deposit-
distal epidote, reaching lowest abundances 1-2 km from known mineralisation. Bi (and V) appear to be
useful fertility indicators, with Bi only detected in the most deposit-proximal epidote (albeit to only limited
concentrations). Sr also discriminates metamorphic epidote very effectively by unusually high
concentrations (>5,000 ppm). Similarly, the highest Pb concentrations occur in metamorphic epidote.
137
4.6 D ISCUSSION : CONTROLS ON MINERAL CHEMISTRY IN THE PROPYLITIC ZONE
The chemical composition of epidote and chlorite developed at any point in a hydrothermal system will
logically depend upon: 1) the availability of elements, either liberated from the host lithology or supplied
by the alteration fluid, hence in turn dependent on fluid source; 2) fluid-mineral partitioning of cations,
that is dependent on which minerals are present/formed as well as the prevailing physical (i.e. temperature,
pressure) and chemical (i.e. speciation, pH, O2 etc.) conditions. However, it is the prevailing
physicochemical conditions and availability of major elements that also determine what minerals are
developed in the first instance. Mineral chemistry is, therefore, the net result of a complex interplay
between several parameters.
4.6.1 Host lithology

For the majority of analysed elements, the host lithology in which chlorite and epidote is developed does
not appear to be a significant control of their chemistry. Indeed, most lithologies contain epidote and
chlorite which spans the entire observed compositional range, and systematic spatial trends in the
abundance of many elements occurs in sample transects that traverse a variety of different host rocks.
However, there are exceptions. Chlorite from within the ‘Mafic Zero’ basaltic trachyandesite contains more
Ni than all other samples and tends toward high Co content. Similarly, trachyandesite-hosted chlorite is
slightly enriched in Ba. Perhaps most significantly, the Fe/Mg ratio of all chlorite samples is broadly
correlated to the original Mg content of the host lithology. Within the metamorphic environment, a
positive correlation between chlorite Fe/Mg and bulk rock composition has been extensively documented
(e.g. Foster, 1962; Kawachi, 1975; Bevins and Rowbotham, 1983; Aguirre, 1988; Bevins and Merriman, 1988;
Bevins et al., 1991; Robinson et al., 1994; López-Munguira et al., 2002). However, Shikazono and Kawahata
(1987) demonstrated that a fluid control (i.e. fluid Fe/Mg, pH, temperature) was the most significant factor
in both Kuroko and Neogene Cu-Pb-Zn vein-type deposits of Japan. Prevailing conditions, as well as fluid
and rock composition are therefore all capable of influencing the Fe/Mg ratio of chlorite. This is also
evidenced in the E48 and E26 chlorite datasets. A systematic spatial trend of decreasing Fe/Mg with
progression from the deposit is only observed in the E26 dataset (drillholes E26D507, E26D460 and
E26D459) where the majority, or all, samples are BQM-hosted. In the E48 dataset, where samples span a
range of volcanic and intrusive lithologies, no clear spatial trends are observed. Intuitively, the bulk rock
composition probably has most influence over chlorite chemistry in the metamorphic environment, where
fluid:rock ratios are lowest, there is little to no advection of solutes and lengthy timescales permit extensive
fluid-rock equilibrium.
The Fe/Al ratio of epidote also appears to show a minor control by host rock, trending toward highest
values in trachytic volcanic breccias, and again only demonstrates systematic spatial trends around E26,
where nearly all samples are BQM-hosted. Similarly, a bulk rock control over the Al/Fe content of epidote
in palaeogeothermal systems was proposed by Shikazono (1984). However, this is only one of several
138
factors known to influence the octahedral substitution of Fe3+ for Al3+ and cannot account for the complex
internal zonation of these elements within individual epidote crystals. Thermodynamic analysis (Arnason
et al., 1993), experimental investigations (e.g. Holdaway, 1972; Liou, 1973) and observations from other
regions (e.g. Raith, 1976; Cavarretta et al., 1980) strongly suggest that temperature and O2 are the most
important controls over this substitution, although CO2, pH, pressure and fluid composition further affect
it to variable extents.
4.6.2 Fluid composition

Systematic spatial variation in the Mn-Zn content of chlorite and Mn-Pb content of epidote define deposit-
concentric halos of peak concentrations, clearly excluding a primary lithological control. These trends are
not surprising: base metal geochemical halos are commonly described around porphyry deposits based
on whole rock anomalies (e.g. Emmons, 1927; Carson et al., 1976; John, 1978; Chaffee, 1982) and have
already been recognised at Northparkes (e.g. Heithersay and Walshe, 1995). Rather than reflecting a pre-
existing alteration anomaly, mass balance considerations clearly demonstrate that metasomatic addition
of Mn, Zn and Pb occurred during propylitic alteration, with the extent of mass addition proportional to
alteration intensity (Chapter 3). Chlorite and epidote are both hosts for these elements and thus contribute
to, and reflect, this whole rock anomalism (see also section 4.7).
Because cations such as Mn, Pb and Zn are clearly added by the alteration fluid, the maximum
concentrations of these elements in chlorite and epidote must partly reflect their original abundance in
the fluid, potentially providing fertility indicators. For example, metamorphic chlorite might not be
expected to contain significant quantities of Mn and Zn - metamorphic fluids are unlikely to accumulate
these elements to the same concentrations as present in spent/distal porphyry-Cu ore fluids. The presence
of Bi in deposit-proximal epidote may also be thought of in this way. However, such interpretations are not
straightforward because fluid-mineral partitioning is determined by many other factors, particularly which
complexing ligands are present, their abundance, and their stability under given physical conditions. It is
the coupled variations in these factors which give rise to the systematic spatial trends observed.
4.6.3 Mineral assemblage

Minerals such as chlorite, epidote, albite, calcite, hematite and pyrite define propylitic alteration and are
ubiquitous within propylitically-altered rocks. However, within and across the facies the abundance of each
of these minerals may vary significantly. Meanwhile, the composition of any mineral is partly a
consequence of preferential element partitioning between the fluid and all phases in the assemblage.
Therefore, changing the abundance of one mineral might be expected to change the concentration of
elements in other coexisting phases.
In general, the abundance of pyrite, often with inclusions of trace chalcopyrite, decreases with progression
from porphyry centres and large veins; none was observed in metamorphic samples. Given the strong
affinity of Cu, and to a lesser extent Co, for pyrite (e.g. Large et al., 2009; Gregory et al., 2015), this
139
distribution pattern would provide a logical explanation for the lack of appreciable Cu in proximal
propylitic chlorite, but relatively high concentrations in metamorphic samples, along with the proximal
depletion and gradual but scattered distal increase in Co. Pyrite also readily accommodates As which is
again present at highest concentrations in metamorphic samples.
Further, in comparison to chlorite, Pb is incorporated far more easily within epidote and trace sulphides.
Hence this could explain the lack of Pb in propylitic chlorite, where coexisting epidote and/or sulphides are
abundant, compared to high Pb concentrations in metamorphic chlorite, where only minor epidote is
observed and sulphides are absent. Similarly, the Ca content of chlorite is highest in metamorphic samples
where Ca-dominant phases, such as calcite and epidote, are of far reduced abundance.
The gradual increase in the concentration of Li in chlorite with progression from E48 may likewise reflect a
decrease in the abundance of other minerals in which Li is more compatible. This would most probably be
mica/phengitic sericite, which is often observed in samples with intense chloritisation.
In light of these interpretations, the relatively low levels of Sr (<40 ppm) in propylitic chlorite, and lack of
any spatial variation in chlorite Sr content, might be anticipated given the dominance of albite, calcite and
epidote within the assemblage, all of which may host orders of magnitude more Sr (e.g. epidote up to
20,000 ppm). As such, the systematic increase in the Sr content of chlorite documented at the Batu Hijau
porphyry Cu-Au deposit (Wilkinson et al., 2015) could simply reflect an outwards decrease in the
abundance of epidote, calcite and albite in accordance with the intensity of the alteration. Alternatively, it
could represent true systematic behaviour of some other variable, but observable only because the
abundance of minerals hosting significant Sr remains roughly constant.
4.6.4 Cation site occupancy

Where two or more cations have a similar affinity for specific crystal sites within the same mineral they must
logically compete against, and substitute for one another. Certain factors such as temperature, together
with the activity of aqueous species, will logically determine how much of each element may be
incorporated. Fe-Al and Ca-Mn in epidote along with Fe-Mg-Mn and Si-Al in chlorite are the most obvious
examples; any systematic change in the abundance of one element in such a group generates the inverse
trend in the other elements. Without data for two or more minerals containing the same cations it may be
difficult to determine which element is driving the change and which are simply compensating.
All substitutions involving Mn appear to be driven by Mn as it shows a spatially coincident halo of elevated
concentration in both epidote and chlorite around E48 and E26. Zn demonstrates identical behaviour and
does not appear to compete against Mn, although far higher concentrations of Zn are accommodated in
chlorite (1,000’s ppm) compared to epidote (10’s ppm). In propylitic chlorite, the sudden increase in both
Mn and Zn concentrations by 10’s of thousand ppm are also correlated with a systematic reduction in V
and Ni content, suggesting the latter elements are effectively out-competed for the octahedral M2+ chlorite
site by the former.
140
The Fe/Mg ratio of chlorite and Fe/Al ratio of epidote are thought to be partly controlled by host lithology
and other variables such as pH (see sections 4.6.1; 4.6.7). Nevertheless, in chlorite and epidote from the E26
dataset, where samples are dominantly hosted in BQM, both the Fe/Al ratio of epidote and Fe/Mg ratio of
chlorite decrease with distance from E26, suggesting an outwards trend of decreasing Fe is the common
driving factor.
4.6.5 Temperature
With increasing distance from a porphyry magmatic centre and from large veins (which may permit
efficient advection of heat), both the ambient rock temperature and that of the alteration fluid will naturally
be expected to decrease.
Temperature is perhaps the most important thermodynamic variable controlling the stability of metal
chloride complexes, which are largely responsible for transport of Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Fe in aqueous
solution (e.g. Seward and Barnes, 1997; Seward et al., 2014). The stability of all such chloride complexes,
and therefore the solubility of associated metal cations, decreases significantly with temperature (as well
as during neutralisation of acidic pH, see section 4.6.7). Also, under given conditions, the relative stability
of these complexes is from CuCl+, the least stable, through ZnCl+, PbCl+ and MnCl+ to FeCl+, the most stable
(e.g. Hemley et al., 1992; Hemley and Hunt, 1992; Seward and Barnes, 1997; Kouzmanov and Pokrovski,
2012). As such, outwards cooling of a sulphur-bearing, metal-rich magmatically-derived ore fluid would
initially result in supersaturation of Cu sulphides (evidently alongside K-silicate minerals), accounting for
the zone of potassic alteration and Cu mineralisation. ZnCl+, PbCl+, MnCl+ and FeCl+ complexes would
remain stable in solution during this alteration-mineralisation. However, with continued infiltration of the
fluid into country rocks, cooling and neutralisation of any acidic species would eventually result in the
sequential destabilisation of these complexes. In the case of Fe this is probably partly responsible for the
transition into propylitic alteration, helping to stabilise Fe-bearing minerals such as epidote and chlorite.
Zn, Pb and Mn will either form trace sulphides (dependant on S2) and/or substitute wherever possible
into the major silicate alteration assemblage. With yet further fluid-rock interaction the abundance of such
elements is depleted in the fluid and consequently
Propylitic Metamorphic
progressively lower concentrations are present in Geothermometer chlorite chlorite
the propylitic assemblage developed further out. (n = 2,993) (n = 220)
This is the simplest method of accounting for the Cathelineau

289 272
(1988)
observed halo of elevated Mn-Zn-Pb
Jowett
290 276
concentrations in epidote and/or chlorite observed (1991)
around deposits. Kranidiotis and

160 161
MacLean (1987)
The extent of Al substitution for Si within the Walshe
228 220
(1986)
chlorite octahedral site is also largely dependent
Table 4.3 – Average chlorite crystallisation temperatures (oC)
on temperature (e.g. Cathelineau, 1988; de Caritat based on SEM-EDS analyses and calculated using the
et al., 1993). Indeed, a positive correlation between geothermometers referenced. n = number of analyses.
141
[iv]
Al and chlorite crystallisation temperature is the basis for several empirical geothermometers (e.g.
Cathelineau and Nieva, 1985; Kranidiotis and MacLean, 1987; Cathelineau, 1988; Jowett, 1991) and is also
demonstrated by alternative geothermometers based on geologically-calibrated thermodynamic models
(e.g. Walshe, 1986; Bourdelle et al., 2013). Application of these various geothermometers to the
Northparkes chlorite SEM-EDS dataset yields a range of average formation temperatures (Table 4.3). The
results from the geothermometers of Cathelineau (1988), and Jowett (1991) are most realistic given
constraints imposed by: 1) the observed mineral assemblage; and 2) oxygen isotope geothermometry
which shows a transition from ~400oC to ~200oC with outwards progression across the propylitic facies at
Northparkes (Chapter 5). The equation of Jowett (1991) is preferred overall as it also incorporates
(empirically) the variability in chlorite Fe-Mg content.
The concentration of Ti in chlorite is logarithmically

correlated with [iv]Al content (Fig. 4.6I; R2 = 0.5) and
hence calculated crystallisation temperatures (Fig.
4.19a). This is in accordance with the observed
systematic spatial reduction of Ti concentration in
both chlorite and epidote with progression from
deposit centres and large veins. Such spatial trends
are developed despite the overall immobile
behaviour of Ti during alteration as evidenced by
mass balance (Chapter 2). In agreement with
Wilkinson et al. (2015), this strongly suggests that,
unlike most other elements, the incorporation of Ti
into chlorite and epidote is controlled exclusively by
temperature and is not sensitive to bulk rock Ti
content, mineral partitioning, speciation or aqueous
transport. Buffering of chlorite Ti by local excess in
the breakdown of biotite, magnetite or other mafic
phases to chlorite-titanite/rutile may explain the
highly systematic incorporation.
Fig. 4.19 – Chlorite crystallisation temperatures However, in those samples proximal to E48, the
calculated using SEM-EDS data and the geothermometer
of Jowett (1991) compared against: (a) chlorite Ti content expected decrease in both [iv]Al and Ti with distance
as determined via LA-ICP-MS (entire chlorite dataset); (b) is not observed. Rather Ti concentration decreases
distance to the E48 deposit (E48 dataset only). Each box
represents one sample; red boxes = propylitic chlorite, grey away from E48 (Fig. 4.9e), but Al shows an unusual
boxes = metamorphic chlorite; white boxes in (a) =
initial increase to ~800 m before it too finally begins
outlying samples located <800 m from E48, the
temperature of which, based on other observations, is to decrease, effectively defining a subtle halo of
likely far higher than suggested by the Jowett (1991)
geothermometer. All plot details as for Fig. 4.8. elevated Al/Si (Fig. 4.8a,b). This halo is spatially
142
coincident with maximum Mn-Zn concentrations and, in epidote, most samples also show high Al/Fe ratios
(Fig. 4.15d,e). The latter observation suggests that Al is the common element driving the trend in both
minerals. This inverse behaviour of Al with respect to Ti in chlorite is responsible for some of the outliers
observed in the largely positive correlation between the two elements (Fig. 4.19a). Consequently, although
Ti in chlorite, alteration textures/mineralogy and isotope geothermometry record a decrease in
temperature away from E48, chlorite geothermometry incorrectly suggests a halo of elevated
temperatures around the deposit (Fig. 4.19b). Clearly, some factor other than temperature is both
controlling and favouring the partitioning of Al into chlorite and epidote around E48. A reduction in the
stability of Al complexes within the hydrothermal fluid could accomplish this. Given that the stabilities of
several key Al species are sensitive to pH, a change in pH, itself a result of cooling, is likely responsible for
this behaviour (see section 4.6.7).
4.6.6 Pressure
The formation of metal complexes in aqueous solutions is typically associated with a positive change in
partial molar volume. Thus, increasing pressure favours the dissociation of complexes into simple hydrated
ions, acting to reduce the solubility of metal ions in solution (e.g. Seward, 1981; Seward and Barnes, 1997;
Seward et al., 2014). However, the effect of temperature and pH changes on the stability of minerals and
aqueous complexes is far more significant, such that pressure changes are unlikely to have had any effect
(e.g. Hemley et al., 1986; Rimstidt, 1997; Seward and Barnes, 1997; Mercer and Reed, 2013; Seward et al.,
2014). Furthermore, although pressure fluctuations must occur in the centre of porphyry systems (during
the emplacement of porphyry intrusions and release of (supra)lithostatically pressured fluids) the observed
mineral chemistry trends are developed across the peripheral propylitic zone, where such pressure
fluctuations are presumably rare and insignificant. All samples are also from within a limited 1.3 km depth
interval. The effect of pressure on epidote and chlorite mineral chemistry is therefore considered
negligible.
4.6.7 pH
Changes in fluid pH typically have the most significant effect on the concentration of anions such as OH-,
HS- and HCO3-, which are the conjugate base for weak acids (i.e. acids with relatively low ionisation
constants). The effect on conjugate bases of stronger acids (e.g. Cl-, SO42-) is often more limited as these
acidic species (e.g. HCl, H2SO4) are usually already highly dissociated (e.g. Seward and Barnes, 1997; Seward
et al., 2014). Regardless, all such anions can be important ligands for particular metal complexes, thus
changes in pH will always, to some extent, directly affect their stability and therefore the transport and
concentration of metals in aqueous solution.
143
Acidic pH generally promotes the Cl- complexing and transport of divalent metal cations, and, in the case
of S-bearing fluids, pH may directly control sulphide precipitation. For example, increasing/neutralising an
acidic pH favours the formation of sphalerite:
ZnCl H S ⇔ ZnS 2H nCl (4.2)
pH may also control the speciation of metals in aqueous solution. This is particularly important for Al, which
is typically present as simple Al(H2O)63+ complexes under acidic conditions and as Al(OH)4- complexes under
alkaline conditions (e.g. Hem and Roberson, 1967; Brett, 1991; Wesolowski and Palmer, 1994). Both of these
complexes are far more soluble than species such as Al(OH)2+ and AlOH2+ which predominate under neutral
conditions. Consequently, the total quantity of Al which can be transported in aqueous solution reaches a
minimum at near neutral pH (e.g. Hitch et al., 1980; Kinraide, 1991; Wesolowski and Palmer, 1994).
However, pH is only an extensive variable. As such, any systematic spatial trends in mineral chemistry which
may be related to pH must be driven by systematic change of an intensive variable, such as temperature,
S2, O2 and/or fluid composition that modifies pH. For magmatically-derived ore fluids rich in dissolved
HCl and SO2, pH may easily be lowered upon progressive cooling of the solution as this leads to increased
dissociation of HCl and H2SO4 (e.g. Giggenbach, 1992; Rye, 1993). Neutralisation of the acidity in such fluids
then usually occurs via chemical reaction with the wall rock, for example by the development of sericite
and chlorite from feldspars (see Eqs. 3.10-3.14).
It was highlighted in section 4.6.5 how the Al/Fe ratio of epidote and Al/Si ratio of chlorite both
systematically increase with progression from E48, reaching maxima at ~800 m from E48, then decreasing
with still further distance, with Al as the common driving factor. Such Al-rich epidote and chlorite samples
were collected from zones of particularly intense propylitic alteration (in and around P1 veins) in which the
phyllosilicates chlorite and phengitic sericite are predominant, along with quartz, epidote, pyrite and
occasional trace sphalerite. Chlorite and epidote from these zones also show some of the highest
concentrations of Mn and Zn within the Mn-Zn halo.
These observations suggest that progressive outwards cooling of the alteration fluid during the transition
from the potassic to propylitic facies led to a decrease in its pH. Reaction and neutralisation with country
rock would then produce the observed chloritisation and sericitisation (e.g. Eqs. 3.10-3.14), while
conditions would facilitate minor sulphide deposition (e.g. Eq. 4.2) and favour maximum incorporation of
Mn, Zn and Al into the alteration assemblage, as the stability and solubility of their aqueous complexes is
reduced (as described above). This hypothesis also explains how in disseminated propylitic alteration,
developed away from major fluid conduits (i.e. P1 veins), the halo of elevated Al/Fe in epidote and Al/Si in
chlorite is not always observed. Cooling alone may generate the zonation in Mn-Zn(-Pb) (see section 4.6.5),
but pH changes are necessary to account for the systematic behaviour of Al. The latter would be minimal
in regions where fluid flow was slower as, unlike around major veins, near equilibrium conditions could be
maintained with the country rock silicate assemblage, buffering the fluid at a slightly acidic pH.
144
4.6.8 Oxygen and sulphur fugacity
Although spatial changes in the O2 and S2 of the
alteration fluid cannot be precisely determined, the
relative variance in these parameters may be
inferred based on the observed mineralogical
transitions and known phase relationships.
At Northparkes, the abundance of sulphide minerals

decreases away from mineralised centres,
accompanied by classically-zoned ore mineralogy
from deposit-central bornite, through a chalcopyrite
shell out to distal pyrite. Such changes clearly reflect
an outwards decrease in S2 (and the activity of Cu),
in turn probably driven by the progressive
saturation and precipitation of sulphide minerals, as
a result of fluid cooling (± pH changes).
The abundance of sulphide minerals in the alteration

assemblage will inevitably determine the Fig. 4.20 – Buffer relations for S2 and O2 within the Fe-S-
O (solid lines) and Cu-Fe-S-O (dashed lines) systems at
concentration of chalcophile elements incorporated 500oC and 1 kbar pressure. Only part of the Bn-Ccp
boundary shown. Dotted lines indicate SO2 and H2S
into coexisting silicate minerals such as epidote and fugacities. From Hemley et al. (1992) and based on
chlorite. Cu appears to be sufficiently chalcophile thermodynamic data from the SPUCRT database. Arrow
represents the potential evolution of fluid conditions with
that it is hosted by minor pyrite and trace progression from the potasically-altered centre of
deposits into the propylitically-altered periphery.
chalcopyrite throughout the propylitic domain,
even at low S2, rather than substituting into silicates. Where trace sulphides are absent in the
metamorphic domain, chlorite accommodates far higher levels of Cu and Pb, with the latter also elevated
in epidote.
Cooke et al. (2014a) suggested that O2 should decrease away from porphyry magmatic-hydrothermal
centres as oxidised fluids, from which sulphate minerals may often be precipitated, are progressively
reduced by interaction with country rocks. However, at Northparkes, relatively high O2 is implied
throughout the magmatic-hydrothermal systems, exemplified not only by the abundance of anhydrite in
deposit cores, but also of magnetite, hematite and epidote in the surrounding alteration. The overall
zonation in the alteration facies is from deposit-central potassic alteration, with ore grade Cu-Fe-sulphides,
through an annulus of magnetite ± biotite alteration and out to propylitic alteration, with much hematite
and epidote. With reference to the Fe-S-O system (Fig. 4.20) this strongly suggests outwards progression
from deposits is accompanied by a gradual increase in O2 and concomitant decrease in S2 (arrow in Fig.
4.20). This, however, could be a trait that is restricted to alkalic porphyry deposits, in which hematite
145
reddening is often much more abundant than in calc-alkaline porphyry systems (e.g. Wilson et al., 2007;
Bissig and Cooke, 2014; Jago et al., 2014; Micko et al., 2014). Regardless, within the propylitic facies itself,
hematite with minor pyrite is ubiquitous and thus it seems unlikely that O2 could have varied significantly
across this domain. The effect of O2 changes on mineral chemistry trends is therefore considered to be
negligible.
4.7 E XPLORATION APPLICATIONS

The discovery of systematic spatial variations in chlorite and epidote mineral chemistry with respect to the
location of related porphyry ore deposits has obvious applicability to exploration. The usefulness of such
mineral chemistry trends is perhaps best assessed by comparison with trends defined based on traditional,
whole rock geochemical data (Fig. 4.21).
First, it is noted that, if just using the whole rock data collected as part of this study (data for 196 samples
shown in Fig. 4.21), no clear spatial trends are observed. Rather, assay data, corresponding to the drillholes
from which epidote and/or chlorite samples were obtained, must be used to show any kind of systematic
element distribution. This dataset is significant, containing 10,984 whole rock analyses, with each analysis
typically corresponding to a ≥2 m down-hole bulk drill core sample. Consequently, it is unlikely that all but
the most established exploration settings will have access to such a resource. From this dataset it is
apparent that anomalously elevated concentrations of Cu, Au and As are mostly restricted to within the
orebodies themselves (i.e. Cu >0.5%, Fig. 4.21d,e,h), hence such elements are of limited use as vectors to
ore within domains of surrounding alteration. The abundance of K decreases almost linearly with distance
from deposits, as both Mg and Fe increase (Fig. 4.21a-c); these changes broadly represent the transition
from potassic to propylitic alteration. However, the trends are poorly-defined and could easily be
significantly influenced by underlying lithological variations. No clear spatial trends are apparent in Ti, V,
Co and Sb (Fig. 4.21i,m-o). A distinct halo is, however, evident for Mn, Zn and Pb at ~1 km from deposits,
defined by maximum concentrations (Fig. 4.21j-l), although data are particularly scattered. Unsurprisingly,
this whole rock anomaly is spatially coincident with the Mn-Zn halo observed in chlorite and epidote,
although Mn concentrations in chlorite reach far higher values than in the whole rock. One of the most
useful whole rock elements seems to be S, as it remains relatively abundant out to ~4 km from deposits,
potentially providing a good fertility indicator (Fig. 4.21f). Further, the concentration of S, as might be
expected, generally decreases away from deposits, but again this trend is defined only by the relatively
rare maximum values, as opposed to average rock compositions, hence is far from systematic.
146
Fig. 4.21 – Whole rock geochemical trends to the E48 and E26 deposits. Plots are designed for comparison with mineral
chemistry trends and are therefore based only on data from the same drillholes that mineral chemistry samples were
obtained. Plots were constructed using samples from this study (n = 196) and drill core assay data; in the latter one sample
typically corresponds to a ≥2 m bulk drillhole intercept (n = 10,984, although not all samples were analysed for all
elements). As for previous mineral chemistry plots, all data are plotted against the calculated lateral distance to the E48
deposit, except for data from drillholes E26D459, E26D460 and E26D507, which are plotted against the distance to E26
instead.
147
Evidently, in comparison to established whole rock geochemical anomalies surrounding porphyry
mineralisation, the highly systematic distribution and smooth gradients displayed in mineral composition
have the potential to be far more valuable to explorationists. Mineral chemistry trends have been shown
in this study which are not apparent in whole rock data (e.g. Ti, V, Co, Ni, Sb, Si/Al in chlorite and Ti, Bi, V,
As, Sb in epidote) and/or are far more systematic and robust (e.g. Mn, Zn, V, Ti in chlorite, Mn, Zn, Ti in
epidote). Other mineral chemistry trends extend the footprint of deposits beyond that of whole rock
anomalism, and can even discriminate between epidote and chlorite of metamorphic and propylitic origin
(e.g. Cu, Pb, Ba, Ca, Li in chlorite and Bi, Pb, As, Sr in epidote).
Hence, by combining mineral chemistry observations for several elements, the origin and potential fertility
of an alteration zone could potentially be assessed. Further, where physicochemical gradients existed in
the palaeogeothermal system, the source of metals and heat could be vectored towards.
Nonetheless, it is cautioned that spatial variations in mineral chemistry (and whole rock geochemistry) will
inevitably demonstrate the best trends in retrospective studies, where the mineralised centres are already
known, as such knowledge influences sample collection (e.g. sample traverses to maximise chemical
gradients) and biases data interpretation. Naturally, the density of sample collection may also have a
significant impact on how reliably systematic trends can be identified, and the spatial extent of such trends
is presumably influenced by the size and/or fertility of the magmatic-hydrothermal system. The use of
mineral chemistry data in an unknown exploration setting therefore remains challenging and should never
be applied in isolation; rather, it forms a particularly useful part of the larger geo-scientific toolkit. Wherever
possible, textural information such as alteration intensity, vein abundance/descriptions and proportion of
secondary minerals should also be recorded. These observations may provide invaluable and low-cost
additional information essential for assessing alteration paragenesis and the location of a hydrothermal
centre.
Finally, spatial trends in mineral chemistry can only be used efficiently for exploration given an
understanding of the physicochemical variables which generate them – for example simply following
trends toward higher chlorite Ti content (on different scales) could lead toward a high temperature but
barren vein or intrusion. The ability to effectively utilise mineral chemistry as a vector toward ore will
therefore only improve as more data from different districts and deposit styles are reported and
interpreted.
148
4.8 C ONCLUSIONS
Propylitic alteration is the most widespread potential indicator of porphyry-style mineralisation. The
chemistry of the two most characteristic minerals, chlorite and epidote, has been shown to consistently
display systematic variation which reflects both the distance to hydrothermal centres and their formation,
either during propylitic alteration or as part of a metamorphic assemblage.
Propylitic chlorite at Northparkes is largely manganoan clinochlore. With increasing distance from
mineralised centres: 1) the concentrations of Mn and Zn increase to a maximum and then decrease,
defining a halo; Al/Si ratios may show similar behaviour or simply decrease outwards, and V and Ni
concentrations are lowest in the peak Mn-Zn zone; 2) Ti content decreases, as does the Fe/Mg ratio within
host rocks of relatively uniform bulk composition; and 3) the concentrations of Co and Li increase. The Sr
concentration of chlorite shows no systematic spatial variation. Metamorphic chlorite contains far higher
concentrations of Li, Ca, Ba, Pb and Cu, but much less Ti.
Propylitic epidote at Northparkes is true manganoan epidote. With increasing distance from mineralised
centres: 1) Mn, Zn, Pb and Mg define halos of elevated concentration spatially coincident with those of Mn-
Zn in chlorite, with an inverse pattern displayed by Ca; 2) the concentrations of Ti, Ba, V, As and Sb decrease,
and the Fe/Al ratio may also decrease within host rocks of relatively uniform bulk composition; and 3) apart
from a very proximal high, the concentration of Ba increases. Metamorphic epidote contains higher
concentrations of Sr, Pb, As and Sb, but less Bi and Ti.
Given data for both minerals, Pb, Sr, Ti, As and Sb preferentially partition into epidote, whereas Zn, Cu, Co,
Na and K preferentially partition into chlorite. Cu and Mo are not readily accommodated in epidote. Overall,
the maximum Ti contents of chlorite and epidote are an excellent, positively-correlated, proxy for alteration
temperature.
Spatial trends in mineral chemistry can be readily explained by the partitioning of elements between the
alteration fluid and the stable alteration mineral assemblage under changing physicochemical conditions.
With increasing distance from magmatic-hydrothermal centres, the identified trends reflect a decrease in
temperature and S2 together with the associated influence of such variables on pH and the extent of wall
rock interaction. O2 may also increase away from deposits based on consideration of the observed mineral
assemblage. This interpretation, along with the documented systematic dispersal of hypogene elements
across the propylitic facies and their residence within propylitic minerals, strongly suggests that the entire
alteration system around porphyry deposits is driven by a magmatically-derived ore fluid.
The existence of systematic trends in chlorite and epidote chemistry, combined with an understanding of
which physicochemical variables control them, has the potential to be utilised as a powerful tool in mineral
exploration.
149
150
5. TRACING THE SOURCE OF PROPYLITIC ALTERATION FLUIDS: AN
OXYGEN, HYDROGEN AND STRONTIUM ISOTOPE STUDY
5.1 I NTRODUCTION
The obvious spatial coincidence between porphyry-
style mineralisation, potassic alteration and
porphyritic intrusions led to the early concept that
heat, metals and the mineralising fluid itself may be
derived from the underlying magmas (e.g. Lindgren,
1905; Ransome, 1919; Emmons, 1927). Subsequent
pioneering studies, including experimental work
(e.g. Burnham and Jahns, 1962; Jahns and Burnham,
1969; Shinohara, 1994; Burnham, 1997), fluid
inclusion (e.g. Roedder, 1971 and compilations by
Roedder, 1984; Bodnar et al. 2014) and isotopic
investigations (e.g. Sheppard et al., 1971; Sheppard
and Gustafson, 1976), have since firmly established
the presence of a magmatic fluid in porphyry
systems. Indeed, it is now universally accepted that
mineralisation and potassic alteration are driven by
the focused, often periodic, release of large volumes
of magmatic fluids into the shallow crust (e.g. Ulrich
et al., 2002; Spencer et al., 2015).
Although propylitic alteration is generally thought to

be contemporaneous with the potassic alteration Fig. 5.1 – Schematic cross section through a porphyry-
style deposit, illustrating the current paradigm in which
zone it encloses, an enduring concept in porphyry convectively circulating meteoric waters are the driver of
deposit models is that meteoric waters drive the propylitic, and most sericitic alteration. Meteoric and
magmatic waters effectively mix across the transition
propylitic domain (Fig. 5.1; Seedorff et al., 2005; from potassic or sericitic alterations zones into the
propylitic domain. Modified from Seedorff et al. (2005).
Sillitoe, 2010). In this view, meteoric fluids generate
propylitic alteration assemblages as they are heated on a flow path toward thermal centres during
convective circulation around porphyry intrusions. Consequently, the boundary between meteoric and
magmatic fluid flow is frequently envisaged to be at the transition from the potassic to propylitic domains
(e.g. Proffett, 2003; Yang et al., 2009; Halley et al., 2015; Fekete et al., 2016). This interpretation of propylitic
alteration appears to have originated based on limited and inconclusive studies of North American
151
porphyry Cu deposits (Bowman et al., 1987; Norman et al., 1991; Dilles et al., 1992), at a time when the
potentially significant role of meteoric water in these systems was emphasised (e.g. Taylor, 1974) and the
metasomatic effect of propylitic alteration was considered negligible (e.g. Meyer and Hemley, 1967).
However, there is a growing body of evidence that challenges the historically proposed significance of
meteoric fluids in forming propylitic alteration. Mass balance calculations reveal this alteration domain is
consistently associated with metasomatic addition of metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn and Pb (e.g. Chapter 3;
Ulrich and Heinrich, 2002; Derakhshani and Abdolzadeh, 2009; Siahcheshm et al., 2014). Trace sulphides
may exist throughout the facies and metasomatic addition of other elements (e.g. K, Cu) can also occur in
strong propylitic alteration. Indeed, the spatial coincidence between propylitic alteration and whole rock
base metal geochemical anomalies surrounding porphyry deposits has long been observed (e.g. Jerome,
1966; Cox et al., 1975; Jones, 1992; Zaluski et al., 1994; Ulrich and Heinrich, 2002). Only recently though
have trace element studies shown that elements including Mn, Zn, Pb, Ti, V, Co, Sb, As and Bi frequently
reside at elevated concentrations in the ubiquitous alteration minerals epidote and chlorite (Chapter 4;
Cooke et al., 2014a; Wilkinson et al., 2015). This work has also demonstrated how the concentration of these
elements and others (e.g. Cu, Al, Si, Fe, Mg, Ca, Li, Ba, Sr) within epidote and/or chlorite display a remarkably
systematic spatial variation around porphyry magmatic-hydrothermal centres. Such apparent hypogene
dispersion of ore-related elements and their incorporation directly within propylitic alteration minerals is
strong evidence that the alteration facies is driven by a cooling, spent porphyry ore fluid of magmatic origin
as it migrates away from the thermal centre. This is further supported by δ13C investigations of calcite from
propylitically-altered rocks which document the incorporation of magmatic CO2 in the alteration fluid
(Ramírez et al., 2006; Djouka-Fonkwé et al., 2012).
The aim of this chapter is therefore to test the existing ‘porphyry paradigm’. Is propylitic alteration driven
exclusively by meteoric water? Are magmatic fluids restricted to the potasically-altered core of porphyry
systems? These questions are answered through investigation of the O, H and Sr isotopic composition of
key alteration minerals to trace the source(s) of the alteration fluids at Northparkes, principally around the
E48 deposit.
152
5.2 A PPROACH
A suite of fourteen epidote and fourteen chlorite mineral separates from samples across the propylitic
alteration zone surrounding the E48 deposit were analysed to determine their oxygen and hydrogen
isotopic compositions. One additional epidote and two chlorite separates were obtained from regional
metamorphic samples for comparison. The major element composition of all epidote and chlorite
separates is known from previous SEM-EDS analyses (Table 5.1). The oxygen isotope compositions of a
further nine quartz separates from propylitic veins, along with five quartz and five magnetite separates
from potassic veins, were also determined to facilitate isotope geothermometry, based on quartz-epidote,
quartz-chlorite and quartz-magnetite pairs. Where O-isotope geothermometry was not possible, the most
applicable chlorite geothermometer was used to estimate sample formation temperatures. These data
help define the thermal gradient associated with alteration and enable calculation of the δ18O and δD
values of the propylitic alteration fluid itself. To provide extra constraints, fluid δD was also determined
directly by bulk decrepitation of fluid inclusions in four selected quartz vein samples. Fluid δ18O and δD
were then compared against the modelled range that might be expected for magmatic or meteoric waters
undergoing progressive exchange with the host rocks. To inform the modelling, δ18O and δD were
determined for several whole rock samples.
87
Sr/86Sr and 87Rb/86Sr ratios were determined for fifteen epidote and ten selected whole rock samples of
freshest composition, the latter representing the biotite quartz monzonite (BQM), alkali feldspar granite
(AFG) and trachyandesites (AND). These data permitted Rb-Sr age dating of the E48 deposit and thus
calculation of the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the samples. The isotopic composition of Sr in epidote can also be
compared with that of either magmatic or country rocks to help trace the fluid source. Furthermore, Sr is a
sensitive indicator of the involvement of other isotopically distinct components such as seawater in the
hydrothermal system.
153
Composition (apfu); average of n SEM-EDS spectra: Fe/ Ti Analysed
Sample ID Min.
Si iv
Al vi
Al Ca Fe 2+
Fe3+
Mg Mn n (Fe+Mg) (ppm) for:
NP12AP031 Chl 2.84 1.16 1.23 0.00 1.59 0.04 3.01 0.08 31 0.35 108 O, H
Chl 2.96 1.04 1.14 0.00 1.40 0.05 3.22 0.12 25 0.31 - -
NP12AP033
Epi 2.99 - 2.18 1.98 - 0.81 0.00 0.04 64 - 417 O, H, Sr
Chl 2.88 1.12 1.22 0.00 1.55 0.05 3.02 0.09 37 0.35 137 O, H
NP12AP036
Epi 3.00 - 2.00 2.00 - 0.99 0.00 0.02 54 - 363 Sr
Chl 2.93 1.07 1.19 0.00 1.42 0.06 3.19 0.05 46 0.32 125 -
NP12AP040
Epi 3.00 - 2.15 1.99 - 0.82 0.00 0.05 37 - - O, H, Sr
Chl1 2.90 1.10 1.23 0.00 1.43 0.07 3.11 0.07 73 0.33 1258 -
NP12AP044
Epi1 3.00 - 2.21 1.98 - 0.77 0.00 0.05 82 - - O, H
Chl 2.84 1.16 1.30 0.00 1.46 0.08 2.98 0.08 28 0.34 141 O, H
NP12AP045
Epi 3.00 - 2.26 1.96 - 0.73 0.00 0.05 45 - 525 O, H, Sr
Chl 2.87 1.13 1.29 0.00 1.48 0.09 2.85 0.18 56 0.36 92 O, H
NP12AP073
Epi 3.01 - 2.19 1.97 - 0.80 0.00 0.03 58 - 608 Sr
NP12AP093 Epi 3.00 - 2.17 2.00 - 0.82 0.00 0.01 44 - 1107 Sr
Chl 2.95 1.05 1.18 0.00 1.68 0.07 2.90 0.09 64 0.38 227 O, H
NP12AP096
Epi 3.00 - 2.11 1.99 - 0.87 0.00 0.03 40 - 283 O, H
NP12AP097 Epi2 3.00 - 2.12 1.99 - 0.86 0.00 0.03 59 - - O, H, Sr
Chl 2.90 1.10 1.27 0.00 1.69 0.10 2.61 0.19 3 0.41 - -
NP12AP115
Epi 3.01 - 2.11 2.00 - 0.87 0.00 0.00 68 - 565 O, H, Sr
Chl 2.86 1.14 1.33 0.00 1.67 0.10 2.64 0.12 32 0.40 95 O, H
NP13AP016
Epi 3.00 - 2.20 2.01 - 0.78 0.00 0.01 52 - 797 O, H, Sr
NP13AP026 Chl 2.86 1.14 1.23 0.00 1.73 0.05 2.80 0.12 25 0.39 138 O, H
NP13AP033 Chl3 2.83 1.17 1.28 0.00 1.59 0.07 2.75 0.24 85 0.38 1977 O, H
NP13AP037 Chl 2.84 1.16 1.28 0.00 1.51 0.07 2.73 0.32 37 0.37 141 O, H
NP13AP040 Epi 3.00 - 2.27 1.96 - 0.72 0.00 0.06 49 - 375 Sr
Chl 2.91 1.09 1.20 0.00 1.60 0.06 2.82 0.24 32 0.37 125 O, H
NP13AP049
Epi 3.00 - 2.19 1.97 - 0.80 0.00 0.06 34 - 722 O, H, Sr
NP13AP057 Chl 2.86 1.14 1.26 0.00 1.86 0.06 2.51 0.23 43 0.43 265 O, H
Chl 2.80 1.20 1.30 0.00 1.57 0.06 2.55 0.45 28 0.39 444 O, H
NP13AP061
Epi 3.01 - 2.24 1.94 - 0.73 0.00 0.09 2 - - O, H
Chl4 2.94 1.06 1.19 0.00 1.70 0.07 2.87 0.08 39 0.38 - -
NP13AP248
Epi4 3.00 - 2.11 1.99 - 0.88 0.00 0.02 58 - - O, H
Chl4 2.94 1.06 1.19 0.00 1.70 0.07 2.87 0.08 39 0.38 856 O, H
NP13AP249
Epi4 3.00 - 2.11 1.99 - 0.88 0.00 0.02 58 - - O, H, Sr
NP13AP258 Chl 2.84 1.16 1.23 0.00 1.59 0.04 3.01 0.08 31 0.35 27 O, H
NP13AP275 Epi5 3.00 - 2.11 1.99 - 0.88 0.00 0.02 92 - - Sr
NP13AP294 Chl 3.06 0.94 1.16 0.00 2.13 0.13 2.38 0.04 9 0.49 22 O, H
Chl 2.87 1.13 1.23 0.00 1.69 0.06 2.86 0.10 43 0.38 123 O, H
NP13AP312
Epi 3.00 - 2.09 1.97 - 0.89 0.00 0.05 34 - 429 O, H, Sr
Chl 2.85 1.15 1.26 0.00 1.87 0.06 2.50 0.23 1 0.44 - -
NP13AP318
Epi 3.00 - 2.15 1.96 - 0.87 0.00 0.01 64 - 212 O, H, Sr
Table 5.1– Compositional data for epidote and chlorite samples. Major element compositions are based on averages of n
number of SEM-EDS spectra, calculated using 28 oxygen equivalents for chlorite and 12.5 for epidote. For the latter, all Fe
is assumed to be Fe3+ in accordance with mineralogical preference; for the former, ivAl/viAl and Fe2+/Fe3+ are calculated
based on stoichiometry. Further, where available, the Ti content of samples determined from LA-ICP-MS is also given. The
composition of minerals shown in italics was not directly determined, rather their composition is given as the average of
spatially adjacent sample(s), as denoted in superscript: 1 = NP12AP040 and NP12AP045; 2 = NP12AP096 and NP12AP098;
3 = NP13AP032 and NP13AP037; 4 = NP13AP250 and NP13AP317; 5 = NP13AP250, NP13AP312 and NP13AP317; 6 =
NP13AP317; 7 = NP13AP032; 8 = NP12AP040. Note, data are provided for some chlorite samples which were not subject to
isotope analysis, as their composition is used to estimate formation temperatures (via chlorite geothermometry) for
coexisting epidote.
154
5.3 M ETHODOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
5.3.1 Sample collection and preparation
Alteration samples were collected based on three
main considerations: 1) their ability to provide
suitably coarse and clean grains of alteration
minerals; 2) textural evidence of isotopic
equilibrium, i.e. coexisting phases in veins/vugs
and/or intergrown aggregates of quartz-epidote-
chlorite; and 3) to provide spatial coverage
around E48 (Fig. 5.2). Whole rock samples were
collected from the freshest/least altered examples
of the most homogeneous lithologies.
For production of mineral separates, the most

appropriate part(s) of the overall sample (i.e. vein
centres or areas of particularly coarse-grained
alteration) were selectively cut out to pre-
concentrate material. All samples were then jaw
crushed. To ensure maximum liberation of
mineral grains, and avoid over-crushing, jaw
spacing was progressively decreased and sample
material dry-sieved between each phase of
comminution, with only the coarsest size fractions
being crushed further. This was repeated until all
sample material was <1.5 mm, at which point the
Fig. 5.2 – Mapped distribution of propylitic mineral samples
entire sample was wet-sieved with deionised relative to known porphyry resources; elements/isotopes
were analysed as indicated, see also Table 5.1. O-isotope
water to produce a series of clean final size pairs are those used for isotope geothermometry. Note
because the potassic core of the E48 deposit is largely
fractions.
sericitically overprinted, two quartz-magnetite samples were
collected from E26 to complement the dataset.
‘Whole rock’ samples were collected from the size
fractions most amenable to later analytical techniques: those for Sr-isotope analysis were typically
composed of the 75-150 μm fraction, whereas those for O- and H-isotope analysis were typically from the
150-250 μm fraction. However, the size fraction corresponding to complete liberation of single mineral
phases varied depending on sample characteristics and the mineral of interest. For the majority of samples,
epidote, chlorite and quartz were most effectively liberated between 150-250 μm, although occasional
clean grains were present in the 250-500 μm fraction. An exception was vein quartz, in which pure
fragments 0.5-1 mm were sometimes obtained. Magnetite was mostly liberated only in grains <150 μm.
155
Magnetite separates were produced by mixing crushed material into deionised water and removing
magnetite selectively with a hand magnet; the process was repeated until the separate was >99% pure by
visual examination under an optical microscope. To produce epidote, chlorite and quartz separates, the
relevant size fractions were initially passed through a Frantz Isodynamic Magnetic Separator at various
currents, yielding further grain fractions dominated by the mineral of interest. Final separates where then
hand-picked from these pre-concentrated fractions under an optical microscope to ensure purity.
Separates for O-isotope analysis were picked to an apparent purity of ~99% based on visual examination;
those for Sr- and H-isotope analysis to ~97%, as significantly more material was required.
To independently check the purity of separates, and identify possible contaminants, several samples were
analysed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), utilising an Enraf-Nonius powder diffraction system 120 diffractometer
and INEL 120° curved position-sensitive detector at the Natural History Museum, London. Powdered
sample was placed on a zero background sapphire substrate and measured for 30 minutes in reflection
geometry, with a fixed angle between the X-ray tube, sample holder and detector. Co-Kα1 radiation was
generated under operating conditions of 40 KV and 40 mA, and confined by a germanium primary beam
monochromator and slit system to produce an X-ray beam of 0.14 x 5 mm, incident at an angle of 4° to the
sample surface. Angular linearity of the detector was calibrated using silver behenate and silicon standards.
These investigations confirmed the identification of epidote, quartz, magnetite and chlorite (as ferroan
clinochlore). All separates were either pure or contained minor quartz; in addition, minor hematite was
identified in some magnetite separates and minor chalcopyrite identified in some epidote and chlorite
separates (Fig. 5.3). Overall, however, samples were shown to be of high purity and suitable for isotopic
analysis.
5.3.2 Oxygen isotopes

All oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses were conducted at the Scottish Universities Environmental
Research Centre (SUERC), Glasgow. Oxygen isotope analyses were facilitated via laser fluorination, using
ClF3 as the fluorinating agent, and based largely on the methodology of Sharp (1990). Prior to analysis,
chlorite separates and whole rock samples were heated to 200oC for >14 hours (i.e. overnight) under
vacuum to remove any adsorbed water. Further, regardless of mineralogy, all samples were pre-fluorinated
overnight, under vacuum in the sample chamber, to remove any reactive contaminants. Typically, 2-3 mg
of epidote, quartz, chlorite and whole rock grains were required to yield an appropriate quantity of O2/CO2,
increasing to ~7 mg for magnetite.
Oxygen was liberated from samples by direct heating with an infrared laser in the presence of ClF3 under
vacuum. Released oxygen was then passed through liquid N2 cold traps and a hot mercury diffusion pump
(i.e. fluorine-getter) before conversion to CO2 by Pt-catalysed reaction with a heated carbon rod. The
volume of CO2 produced was calculated from calibrated manometer readings and used to check against
expected yield. The CO2 18O/16O ratio was analysed on a VG Isotech SIRA series II dual inlet isotope ratio
156
mass spectrometer (IRMS). All data are reported in standard delta notation, relative to Vienna Standard
Mean Ocean Water (V-SMOW).
Fig. 5.3 – XRD patterns, black lines, from examples of (a) chlorite and (b) epidote mineral separates, hand-picked to >97%
optical purity for H-isotope analysis. Statistically significant peaks are highlighted in the peak list, facilitating
identification of those phases indicated, based on their expected peak positions and relative intensities (coloured lines).
157
For each batch of 9 or fewer samples, 3 internal O-isotope standards were analysed: quartz (TOR1, δ18OVSMOW
= 9.6‰), garnet (GP147, δ18OVSMOW = 7.3‰) and olivine (SCXO, δ18OVSMOW = 5.2‰). These standards were
selected based on their disparate and well-established δ18OVSMOW values (determined by calibration to
external reference standards). Thus, for each analytical batch, internal standards provided a robust 3-point
calibration line, used to calculate the δ18O VSMOW of samples. In all cases, this calibration line possessed an R2
value of >0.99.
Average values obtained for internal standards were: TOR1 δ18O VSMOW = 9.6 ± 0.1‰ (n = 12, 1σ, average O2
yield of 94 ± 2% assuming pure quartz), GP147 δ18O VSMOW = 7.3 ± 0.2‰ (n = 10, 1σ, average O2 yield of 98 ±
2% assuming pure grossular garnet) and SCXO δ18O VSMOW = 5.3 ± 0.1‰ (n = 8, 1σ, average O2 yield of 92 ±
2% assuming pure forsterite). Within error, these values match the preferred long-term, externally-
calibrated laboratory averages given above, demonstrating analytical accuracy and a typical precision of ±
0.1‰.
5.3.3 Hydrogen isotopes

Hydrogen isotope analysis was facilitated by in-vacuo thermal dehydration of minerals (epidote and
chlorite) or thermal decrepitation of trapped inclusion fluids (quartz). Typically, 25-35 mg of chlorite, ~70
mg of epidote and ~1 g of quartz were required to yield an appropriate quantity of H2.
Initially, each sample was placed into an inert Pt crucible within a glass vial and heated via a hotplate to
120oC for >14 hours while pumped under vacuum. This ensured any adsorbed or atmospheric moisture
was removed from both the sample container and epidote or quartz separates; chlorite however may still
retain adsorbed water at such temperatures (e.g. Revell Phillips, 1963). Thus, prior to this stage, chlorite
separates and whole rock samples were also heated at 200oC under vacuum overnight to guarantee its
removal.
To liberate structurally bound water for analysis, samples were inductively heated, again under vacuum, to
~1,000oC for chlorite and ~1,250oC for epidote, with temperature measured via optical pyrometry on the
Pt crucible. Following the results of Grant et al. (2003) and Gleeson et al. (2008), fluid inclusions in quartz
were thermally decrepitated at 750oC, using an electric furnace continually monitored by a digital
temperature probe. This comparatively low temperature helps avoid liberation of OH from possible defect
sites in the quartz structure itself. All samples were heated for 40 minutes, with liberated gases passing
through a liquid N2 condenser to trap the H2O and CO2 produced; remaining non-condensable gases were
directed using a standard Topler pump into an active strain gauge manometer. In this way, the reaction
progress was monitored throughout the 40 minute period, with the majority of samples clearly fully
dehydrated by ~30 minutes.
Following cessation of heating, frozen CO2 was separated from frozen H2O by replacing the liquid N2
condensing trap with a CO2 slush trap (dry ice-acetone mixture), allowing CO2 to boil and be pumped to
vacuum. Retained frozen H2O was then released, and reduced to H2 by passing through a Cr-furnace of the
158
design described by Donnelly et al. (2001). The H2 produced was again directed by the Topler pump into
the calibrated manometer to measure the gas yield, before being collected in a sample tube. The H2 D/H
ratio was subsequently analysed on a VG Optima dual inlet IRMS; again all results are reported in standard
delta notation, relative to V-SMOW.
Three water standards of well-known, but disparate δD values were analysed and used to calibrate the
above procedure prior to running any samples: Greenland Ice Sheet Precipitation/GISP (external standard,
δDVSMOW = -189.5‰), snow melt (internal standard, δDVSMOW = -123.6‰) and seawater (internal standard,
δDVSMOW = -6‰). The resulting linear calibration showed R2 = 0.999. Snow melt, for which δD is most similar
to that of the samples, was also analysed periodically to ensure the initial calibration remained valid; these
replicate analyses yielded δDVSMOW = -122.0 ± 1.6‰ (n = 5; 1σ), thus were within error of the preferred value,
demonstrating a high degree of analytical accuracy with a precision less than ± 2‰.
5.3.4 Strontium and rubidium isotopes

All Sr and Rb isotope analyses were conducted at the Natural Environment Research Council Isotope
Geosciences Laboratories (NIGL) at the British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham. Sr and Rb was
extracted from samples by acid digestion and column chemistry.
For each sample, approximately 20 mg of epidote separate, or 150 mg of whole rock power, was weighed
into 15 ml Teflon beakers. Subsequently, whole rock samples were leached in warm 6M HCl to liberate any
labile Sr into solution; the leachate was discarded via centrifuging and the samples dried and reweighed
to quantify any loss. 84Sr and 87Rb isotope tracers were weighed and added to all samples, along with a
mixture of 1-2 ml of 16M HNO3 and 5-10 ml of 29M HF. Beakers were then sealed and left on a hotplate at
105oC for one week to facilitate complete sample dissolution. After this period, samples were evaporated
to dryness before a further 1-2 ml of HNO3 was added to the beakers, which were left on the hotplate
overnight. Samples were then converted into chloride form by addition of 10 ml of calibrated 2.5M HCl in
preparation for column chemistry.
1 ml of sample solution was pipetted onto a quartz-glass column which contained 4 ml of EICHROM
AG50x8 cation exchange resin, and washed into the column using 1 ml of calibrated 2.5M HCl. Matrix
elements were washed off the column using a further 24 ml of 2.5M HCl, and discarded. Rb was collected
in a subsequent 6 ml of 2.5M HCl. Ca was next eluted and discarded in 18 ml of 2.5M HCl, before Sr was
collected in 12 ml of 2.5M HCl, and evaporated to dryness.
Rb fractions were loaded onto one side of an outgassed double Re filament using 0.6M HCl and analysed
using a Thermo-Scientific Triton thermal ionisation mass spectrometer (TIMS) in static multi-collection
mode. Sr fractions were loaded onto outgassed single Re filaments using a TaO activator solution and
analysed in a Thermo-Electron Triton TIMS in multi-dynamic mode; data are normalised to 86Sr/88Sr =
0.1194.
159
Replicate analyses (n = 26) of the NBS987 standard yielded 87Sr/86Sr = 0.710254 ± 0.000004 (6 ppm, 1σ),
which is within error of both the certified value (0.710340 ± 0.000260) and long term laboratory average
(0.710250). The natural Columbia River Basalt rock standard (BCR-2) was also treated and analysed as for
samples, returning values of 44 ppm Rb and 334 ppm Sr, in good agreement with the certified ranges of
48 ± 2 ppm and 346 ± 14 ppm respectively. Consequently, data were accurate and no secondary calibration
was required; analytical precision in 87Sr/86Sr is to the 5th or 6th decimal place.
5.4 ISOTOPE DATA

Results of O- and H-isotope analyses are provided in Table 5.2; those of Rb- and Sr-isotope analyses in Table
5.3. Based on 21 replicate O-isotope analyses and 5 replicate H-isotope analyses, standard errors (1σ) for
mineral separates, arising from a combination of both analytical uncertainty and within-sample variability,
are ± 0.2‰ and ± 2‰ respectively.
5.4.1 Oxygen isotope data
Quartz
For all quartz separates, the oxygen yield was excellent, averaging 96% at 15.9 μM/mg (n = 21), compared
to a theoretical 100% yield of 16.6 μM/mg for pure SiO2. Five quartz separates were analysed twice, and
one separate analysed three times. On average, all such repeats were within ± 0.4‰ of the initial value.
Quartz samples from propylitic alteration displayed an average δ18OVSMOW = 9.0‰ (in the range of
7.4-10.8‰), as did those from potassic veins (in the range of 8.1-10.6‰).
Magnetite
Magnetite separates consistently gave a relatively low oxygen yield of 75% at 6.4 μM/mg (n = 8), compared
to a theoretical 100% yield of 8.6 μM/mg for pure Fe3O4. This is unlikely to be a result of impurities as most
samples were particularly pure in XRD determinations. Furthermore, the presence of minor hematite
and/or quartz would not result in a lower yield. Rather, this is interpreted as a result of the spinel structure
of magnetite, which makes total liberation of oxygen difficult. Three separates were analysed twice,
suggesting a typical standard error of ± 0.25‰. All samples represent potassic alteration, with an average
δ18OVSMOW = 1.7‰, and range from 0.7-2.5‰.
Epidote
The average oxygen yield of epidote was 93% at 12.6 μM/mg (n = 23); theoretical 100% yield was calculated
for each sample individually, with an average of 13.6 μM/mg. These calculations were based on the SEM-
EDS compositional data provided in Table 5.1 and assume 100% purity of the separate. A yield of 93% is
generally excellent from epidote, because Ca may also react with ClF3 during laser heating to form stable
fluorite (CaF2) which can inhibit further liberation of O2 from grain centres. Seven separates were analysed
twice and one separate three times, and indicate a typical standard error of ± 0.2‰. Propylitic epidote
shows an average δ18OVSMOW = 3.2‰, in the range of 1.9-4.3‰, contrasting with the metamorphic epidote
separate in which δ18OVSMOW = 7.6‰.
160
Chlorite
Chlorite oxygen yields averaged an excellent 95%, at 14.0 μM/mg (n = 21), compared to a theoretical
average of 14.7 μM/mg. Again, theoretical yields were calculated based on SEM-EDS compositional data
(Table 5.1) for each sample. The lowest yield was 74% for NP13AP249; however, a repeat of this sample
with a 98% yield gave a value only 0.2‰ different to the original. In total, five samples were repeated,
based on which the standard error is typically ± 0.2‰. Propylitic chlorite samples gave an average
δ18OVSMOW = 2.1‰, and range from 0.8-3.1‰, in contrast with the isotopically heavier metamorphic chlorite
samples, which averaged 6.1‰.
Whole rocks
Of an initial ten whole rock samples prepared, only two were analysed successfully (NP13AP027 and
NP13AP283), with an average oxygen yield of 11.0 μM/mg; both were also satisfactorily repeated, with
repeat data <0.6‰ different from initial results. Despite overnight pre-fluorination, remaining samples still
produced anomalously high yields (>30 μM/mg) indicating contamination by moisture from reactive
phases, most probably clays. These samples cannot yield fresh igneous compositions and hence were not
analysed. Consequently, data are only available for a sample of fresh BQM with δ18OVSMOW = 5.8‰ and
reasonably fresh, but still hematite reddened, AFG with δ18OVSMOW = 9.2‰.
161
Oxygen Hydrogen
Dist. to
Sample ID Material Wt. Yield Yield 18
δ OVSMOW Wt. NC yield H2 yield Wt. % δDVSMOW
E48 (m)
(mg) (μM/mg) (% O2) (‰) (mg) (μM/mg) (μM/mg) H2O (‰)
2.7 14.2 96 2.7 35.2 0.19 5.69 10.26 -56.3
Chl
NP12AP031 1694 2.6 14.6 99 2.4 27.8 0.17 5.51 9.92 -59.1
Qtz 2.1 14.4 87 10.8 - - - - -
NP12AP033 1711 Epi 2.4 12.0 89 4.3 78.3 0.02 1.29 2.32 -72.5
Chl 2.8 14.4 97 1.1 26.5 0.10 5.22 9.41 -57.3
NP12AP036 1629 2.4 13.5 100 3.2
Epi 70.4 0.04 0.62 1.12 -68.0
2.8 13.8 102 3.7
2.5 12.2 90 2.9
Epi 59.5 0.17 0.93 1.68 -62.3
NP12AP040 1538 3.0 13.8 102 2.8
Qtz 2.7 15.3 92 9.3 - - - - -
2.7 12.0 89 2.5
Epi 2.8 12.1 89 1.9 72.0 0.00 0.95 1.70 -56.2
NP12AP044 1555 2.9 12.7 93 2.6
2.3 14.7 89 8.3
Qtz - - - - -
2.2 14.9 89 9.1
Chl 2.6 14.2 96 2.4 32.6 0.42 4.59 8.27 -58.7
NP12AP045 1562 70.4 0.03 0.54 0.98 -59.2
Epi 2.7 13.3 97 3.3
69.0 0.10 0.75 1.36 -54.1
NP12AP073 1117 Chl 2.6 17.6 119 1.8 32.5 0.17 4.90 8.83 -61.2
NP12AP079 - WR (AFG) - - - - 32.8 0.03 0.22 0.40 -69.6
Chl 2.6 14.0 95 1.7 34.2 0.28 5.51 9.93 -56.2
3.0 11.0 81 3.4
NP12AP096 408 Epi 77.6 0.16 0.84 1.52 -85.9
2.9 12.8 95 3.3
Qtz 2.7 17.2 104 8.9 - - - - -
NP12AP097 402 Epi 2.8 12.7 94 2.6 73.6 0.05 0.92 1.65 -78.0
6.8 6.6 77 1.6
Mag - - - - -
6.9 7.2 84 1.8
NP12AP101 323
2.4 15.4 93 9.2
Qtz - - - - -
2.4 16.6 100 9.7
Mag 5.9 6.8 80 2.5 - - - - -
NP12AP102 319
Qtz 2.3 15.4 93 10.6 1580 0.00 0.09 0.17 -73.0
Mag 6.4 6.3 73 2.1 - - - - -
NP12AP105 277
Qtz 2.5 16.3 98 9.0 - - - - -
NP12AP115 529 Epi 2.8 13.6 101 3.7 72.5 0.01 1.18 2.12 -60.5
Chl 2.7 14.4 98 2.5 35.9 0.27 4.17 7.51 -61.3
NP13AP016 555 Epi 2.6 11.2 82 3.0 70.5 0.04 1.11 2.01 -83.7
Qtz 2.6 16.4 99 8.6 286 0.00 0.06 0.10 -74.8
3.0 12.8 88 1.4
Chl 28.4 0.19 3.48 6.26 -65.5
NP13AP026 530 2.6 13.7 94 1.7
Qtz 2.3 16.8 101 7.9 - - - - -
3.3 10.5 - 9.5
NP13AP027 - WR (AFG) 148.7 0.06 0.19 0.34 -90.4
3.2 10.5 - 8.8
2.6 14.3 98 2.8
Chl 26.8 0.31 4.02 7.25 -65.1
2.9 14.5 99 2.1
NP13AP033 635
2.5 15.4 93 7.4
Qtz - - - - -
2.6 16.7 100 7.6
NP13AP037 614 Chl 2.5 15.5 106 1.5 37.5 0.18 4.90 8.82 -59.9
Chl 2.7 14.8 101 0.8 26.6 0.49 4.73 8.53 -60.9
NP13AP049 756
Epi 2.8 13.4 99 2.7 75.4 0.08 1.03 1.86 -52.2
NP13AP057 872 Chl 2.7 13.1 90 2.9 25.9 0.02 3.01 5.41 -61.5
2.6 11.0 76 1.7
Chl 26.4 0.26 4.50 8.12 -60.5
2.8 14.4 99 1.5
NP13AP061 878
2.5 11.8 87 3.2
Epi 54.7 0.12 0.90 1.62 -59.8
2.7 14.3 105 2.5
NP13AP102 - WR (BQM) - - - - 94.5 0.00 0.53 0.95 -59.8
7.2 6.3 74 1.6
Mag - - - - -
6.8 6.5 76 2.1
NP13AP160 351 (E26)
2.6 16.8 101 8.3
Qtz - - - - -
2.3 17.6 106 8.1
Table 5.2, continued overleaf.
162
Oxygen Hydrogen
Dist. to
Sample ID MaterialWt. Yield Yield δ18OVSMOW Wt. NC yield H2 yield Wt. % δDVSMOW
E48 (m)
(mg) (μM/mg) (% O2) (‰) (mg) (μM/mg) (μM/mg) H2O (‰)
6.6 5.7 67 0.7
Mag - - - - -
7.7 5.9 69 1.4
NP13AP168 349 (E26)
3.0 16.6 100 8.5
Qtz 990 0.00 0.09 0.16 -48.1
2.5 16.6 100 8.9
NP13AP244 - WR (AND) - - - - 110.7 0.00 0.80 1.45 -61.5
Epi 2.9 10.7 79 3.7 78.3 0.04 1.16 2.10 -65.7
NP13AP248 1099
Qtz 2.4 16.2 98 9.1 - - - - -
2.9 10.9 74 3.1 26.7 0.05 4.04 7.27 -54.3
Chl
2.9 14.3 98 2.9 26.4 - - - -49.7
Epi 2.4 9.7 72 3.8 71.2 0.10 0.88 1.58 -57.1
NP13AP249 1113
2.4 13.0 78 9.9
Qtz 2.6 15.1 91 9.8 1194 0.00 0.07 0.12 -63.3
- - - 9.9
NP13AP258 Meta. Chl 2.8 12.9 87 5.7 26.0 0.26 4.25 7.66 -65.6
3.4 11.6 - 5.6
NP13AP283 - WR (BQM) 103.7 0.07 0.36 0.65 -77.1
3.4 11.3 - 5.9
NP13AP294 Meta. Chl 2.6 13.4 93 6.5 37.4 0.26 4.48 8.08 -71.7
NP13AP311 - WR (AND) - - - - 105.9 0.05 0.58 1.05 -84.1
2.7 14.8 101 2.2 35.6 0.17 4.40 7.92 -60.4
Chl
- - - - 26.3 0.23 4.07 7.34 -61.6
NP13AP312 938
2.5 12.4 92 3.8
Epi 70.2 0.07 1.24 2.23 -83.0
2.9 12.9 96 3.3
2.7 13.6 100 7.7 68.1 0.00 0.83 1.50 -58.8
NP13AP318 Meta. Epi
2.7 13.7 101 7.4 67.0 0.00 0.81 1.46 -56.6
Table 5.2, continued – O- and H-isotope sample information and results; where one or more results are provided for a
particular mineral separate or whole rock sample these represent repeat analyses. The shortest lateral distance to the
centre of E48 is provided for all mineral separates, except those indicated (E26), which are samples of potassic alteration
from a porphyry intrusion of that system (Fig. 5.2) and thus distances are to the E26 centre. The latter were collected as the
potassic alteration at E48 is strongly sericitically overprinted. %O2 yield is the % of oxygen produced in comparison to a
theoretical maximum calculated from mineral stoichiometry. For quartz and magnetite pure SiO2 and Fe3O4 is assumed
respectively; for chlorite and epidote, yield calculations were based on known mineral composition from SEM-EDS data, as
given in Table 5.1. H2 yield is calculated as the weight % of H2O present in the sample. Meta. = sample of regional
metamorphic chlorite/epidote; NC = non-condensable gases, i.e. those which did not condense within the liquid nitrogen
cold trap during dehydration/decrepitation of the sample; WR = whole rock sample; AND = trachyandesite; BQM = biotite
quartz monzonite; AFG = alkali feldspar granite.
163
5.4.2 Hydrogen isotope data
Epidote
On average, epidote separates yielded 90% H2 at 0.94 μM/mg (n = 17) compared to a theoretical 100% yield
of 1.04 μM/mg based on SEM-EDS compositional data. However, such theoretical yield calculations assume
100% purity and perfect stoichiometric quantities of OH. This average analytical yield approximately
corresponds to 1.7 wt. % H2O in epidote; analytical totals of all 3,856 SEM-EDS analyses of epidote from the
district (Appendix G) averaged 97.1 wt. %. Thus both values are in good agreement, combining to an
average major element total of ~99 wt. %. These calculations imply the H contribution of any fluid
inclusions present in epidote is negligible.
Replicate analyses of two epidote separates produced δDVSMOW values that were 5.1‰ and 2.2‰ different
to initial results, indicating a standard error of approximately ± 2‰. All propylitic epidote samples show
an average δDVSMOW = -67‰, but range from -52‰ to -86‰; metamorphic epidote returned δDVSMOW
= -58‰.
Chlorite
Out of necessity, chlorite separates were weighed
prior to removal of adsorbed water, so as to minimise
the time available for resorption of atmospheric
moisture during later handling. Consequently, the
calculated yields of H2 from chlorite consistently
appear slightly low, averaging only 69% at 4.53
μM/mg (n = 18), compared to the average theoretical
100% yield of 6.53 μM/mg. Further, yield calculations
also assume 100% purity and stoichiometric OH, with
the latter in chlorite often partly replaced by F. Fig. 5.4 – Chlorite δD vs. Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio (from Table
Regardless, yields were relatively consistent, in the 5.1), lacking any distinct correlation.
range 3.0-5.7 μM/mg, and provided a useful check on the analytical procedure.
Replicate analysis of three separates provided repeat results only 4.6‰, 2.8‰ and 1.2‰ different from
initial results, suggesting that standard error is typically around ± 1.4‰. All propylitic chlorite returned
δDVSMOW values over a highly limited range of -50‰ to -66‰, at an average of -59‰. The two metamorphic
samples analysed were isotopically lighter, with an average δDVSMOW = -68‰.
Unlike previous suggestions by Marumo et al. (1980), there is no obvious preference toward isotopically
lighter compositions for those chlorites with higher Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios (Fig. 5.4).
164
Quartz
As quartz is not an OH-bearing mineral, a theoretical hydrogen yield cannot be calculated; rather it
depends on the abundance and size of fluid inclusions present. The two quartz separates from potassic
veins were the most fluid rich, each yielding 0.09 μM of H2 per mg, approximately equivalent to 0.16 wt. %
contained H2O; the average δDVSMOW of these fluids was -61‰. The average H2 yield of the two quartz
separates from propylitic veins was 0.06 μM/mg, approximately equivalent to 0.11 wt. % contained H2O;
the average δDVSMOW of these fluids was -69‰.
Whole rocks
H2 yield from all six whole rock samples averaged an acceptable 0.45 μM/mg, approximately equivalent to
0.8 wt. % contained H2O. Combined, the analyses give an average δDVSMOW = -74‰, with AND = -73‰, AFG
= -80‰ and BQM = -69‰. Although no repeat analyses were conducted, each lithology was represented
by two samples which differed in δDVSMOW by ~20‰. These comparatively large disparities, and analytical
difficulties in acquiring reliable O-isotope data for the same samples, suggest whole rock results are quite
variable and should be treated with caution.
5.4.3 Rubidium and strontium isotope data

Rb- and Sr-isotope sample information and results
are provided in Table 5.3. Propylitic epidote
samples contained on average 29 ppm Rb and
1,800 ppm Sr, although each show a wide range of
2-113 ppm and 575-3,079 ppm respectively. There
is no systematic spatial variation in the
concentration of either element in epidote around
the E48 deposit. By comparison to deposit
samples, the metamorphic epidote separate
analysed contained far less Rb (0.32 ppm) and far
Fig. 5.5 – Rb-Sr isochron plot (using results in Table 5.3)
more Sr (9,900 ppm). based on all samples excluding NP13AP318. This is the only
metamorphic epidote sample and occurs as a distinct
Both epidote and whole rock samples of AND, AFG outlier. Note the relatively high mean square weighted
deviation (MSWD) of 13 for the proposed ‘isochron’ shown.
and BQM plot along the same apparent Rb-Sr Ages were determined using the 87Rb (λ87) decay constant of
Rotenberg et al. (2012).
‘isochron’ (Fig. 5.5); the metamorphic sample
NP13AP318 is an obvious outlier and therefore is readily identified to be of different age and paragenesis.
Although not a precise isochron (which would require MSWD ≤2), this relationship supports a limited time
interval between volcanism, emplacement of plutonic rocks and hydrothermal activity, suggesting a
common origin at approximately 450 ± 11 Ma. If plutonic rock samples and subsequently formed propylitic
epidote separates are considered separately, the resulting isochrons imply formation ages of 456 ± 14 Ma
and 452 ± 29 Ma respectively. Thus, within error, all results are indistinguishable. These age estimates are
165
in good agreement with U-Pb dating of five hydrothermal zircons developed during propylitic alteration,
which provided an independent age of 454.3 ± 3.0 Ma (see section 2.7). Zircon U-Pb (SHRIMP) dating of the
BQM by Lickfold et al. (2007) suggested its emplacement at 444.2 ± 4.7 Ma, and Ar/Ar dating of biotite
alteration associated with mineralisation at E26 gave a result of 441.3 ± 3.8 (Lickfold et al., 2003), both also
within error of the age (450 ± 11 Ma) defined above.
Calculation of the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of propylitic epidote samples (Table 5.3), based on an age of 450 Ma,
yields remarkably consistent values of 0.7041-0.7046, with an average of 0.704212, overlapping with and
extending to slightly higher values than the igneous whole rocks analysed (0.7041-0.7043).
Wt. loss, Rb Sr 87
Dist. to Wt. 87 ±2σ Sr/86Sr at
Sample ID Material labile Sr 87
Rb/86Sr Sr/86Sr
E48 (m) (mg) ±2σ x10-5 450 Ma
(mg) ppm ppm ±2σ
x10-2
NP12AP033 1711 Epi 21.81 - 9.927 0.1 1289.22 0.03 0.0223 0.704318 0.7 0.704178
NP12AP036 1629 Epi 23.18 - 5.073 0.1 1735.77 0.13 0.0085 0.704303 0.8 0.704250
NP12AP040 1538 Epi 22.75 - 23.630 0.1 1435.56 0.06 0.0476 0.704631 0.9 0.704331
NP12AP045 1562 Epi 20.75 - 2.055 0.0 3078.79 0.16 0.0019 0.704308 0.9 0.704296
NP12AP073 1117 Epi 23.22 - 16.065 0.1 1323.50 0.04 0.0351 0.704352 0.7 0.704131
NP12AP093 444 Epi 25.90 - 14.734 0.1 2277.50 0.10 0.0187 0.704222 0.9 0.704104
NP12AP097 402 Epi 22.29 - 14.771 0.1 1994.46 0.06 0.0214 0.704234 0.7 0.704099
NP12AP115 502 Epi 22.81 - 15.284 0.1 2364.43 0.12 0.0187 0.704249 0.9 0.704131
NP13AP016 555 Epi 22.62 - 24.992 0.1 1746.88 0.07 0.0414 0.704379 0.7 0.704118
NP13AP040 704 Epi 22.63 - 27.670 0.1 2133.56 0.06 0.0375 0.704417 0.9 0.704180
NP13AP049 756 Epi 23.79 - 34.893 0.2 2736.39 0.23 0.0369 0.704536 1.0 0.704303
NP13AP249 1113 Epi 21.38 - 35.142 0.2 914.14 0.02 0.1112 0.705055 0.6 0.704354
NP13AP275 1030 Epi 22.23 - 112.981 0.5 574.51 0.01 0.5690 0.707759 0.5 0.704171
NP13AP312 938 Epi 23.85 - 69.184 0.1 1090.28 0.03 0.1836 0.705481 0.6 0.704324
NP13AP318 Meta. Epi 20.29 - 0.315 0.2 9886.28 0.87 0.0001 0.704617 0.7 0.704616
NP12AP079 - WR (AFG) 152.75 1.72 84.205 0.4 286.05 0.01 0.8518 0.709530 0.6 0.704159
NP13AP013 - WR (AND) 153.22 3.68 59.739 0.1 1131.90 0.11 0.1527 0.705209 0.8 0.704246
NP13AP027 - WR (AFG) 157.65 5.76 97.391 0.2 415.73 0.02 0.6778 0.708535 2.7 0.704261
NP13AP063 - WR (BQM) 155.25 4.46 70.389 0.5 1106.33 0.09 0.1840 0.705344 0.7 0.704184
NP13AP100 - WR (BQM) 154.90 4.89 66.390 0.2 1013.50 0.06 0.1895 0.705373 0.6 0.704178
NP13AP102 - WR (BQM) 150.49 1.34 68.228 0.2 1083.30 0.07 0.1822 0.705291 0.7 0.704142
NP13AP244 - WR (AND) 150.57 5.09 43.715 0.1 1325.96 0.15 0.0954 0.704759 0.8 0.704158
NP13AP282 - WR (AND) 158.19 3.87 41.047 0.1 1264.71 0.18 0.0939 0.704804 0.9 0.704212
NP13AP283 - WR (BQM) 155.93 8.74 58.527 0.1 1109.20 0.11 0.1526 0.705085 0.7 0.704123
NP13AP311 - WR (AND) 150.45 5.02 50.715 0.4 1341.62 0.13 0.1093 0.704896 0.7 0.704207
Table 5.3 – Sr- and Rb-isotope sample information and results. Weight loss is the difference between original sample mass
and that measured after leaching of labile Sr in warm HCl. Errors quoted are those associated with analytical precision and,
as such, do not take into account any possible natural in-sample variability. Also given is the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio, calculated
based on the Rb-Sr ‘isochron’ age of 450 (± 11) Ma for all samples (Fig. 5.5), using the 87Rb (λ87) decay constant provided by
Rotenberg et al. (2012); see section 5.4.3.
166
5.5 D ETERMINING THE TEMPERATURE GRADIENT IN PORPHYRY SYSTEMS
In order to calculate the O- and H-isotopic composition of alteration fluids in equilibrium with alteration
minerals, reliable estimates of the formation temperature are required. Here, temperatures are geologically
constrained and calculated based on O-isotope geothermometry, supplemented by chlorite
geothermometry.
5.5.1 Independent temperature constraints

Broad temperature constraints can be obtained from the observed changes in the alteration mineral
assemblages within porphyry systems. Minimum formation temperatures are also provided by
homogenisation temperatures (Th) of fluid inclusions from mineralised veins.
Potassic alteration
The maximum temperature in the potassically-altered core of porphyry systems is limited by the water-
saturated solidus of the felsic melts, from which the magmatic aqueous fluid exsolved. For water-saturated
granitic melts this implies temperatures of ~750oC at pressures of 1 kbar within the shallow crust (e.g.
Huang and Wyllie, 1973; Ebadi and Johannes, 1991; Johannes and Holtz, 1996). However, it is noted that
the presence of certain species such as F and B may lower the solidus further (e.g. Manning, 1981). At
Northparkes, there is strong geological evidence of the magmatic-hydrothermal transition, with aplitic
QMP frequently intergrown with irregular segregations of quartz-K-feldspar-sulphide ± anhydrite ± fluorite
or, in other examples, quartz-magnetite-chalcopyrite. Aplitic vein dykes with coarse segregations and
central intergrowths of hydrothermal quartz-K-feldspar-sulphide are also common, as are intrusive
breccias cemented by a mix of aplite-quartz-K-feldspar-bornite (Chapter 2). Such observations
demonstrate a clear link between high temperature magmatic fluids and potassic alteration.
Fluid inclusion homogenisation temperatures from quartz in these various transitional magmatic-
hydrothermal phenomena at Northparkes were reported by Lickfold et al. (2003) to average approximately
500oC, but frequently were recorded as >650oC. Heithersay and Walshe (1995) obtained higher values, with
an average Th for inclusions in the aplitic vein dykes of ~800oC, and in other magmatic-hydrothermal
features of ~700oC. For the main-stage, sulphide-bearing, quartz-stockwork veins, Lickfold et al. (2003)
reported an average Th of ~500oC, again with many analyses >650oC; for the same veins, Heithersay and
Walshe (1995) reported an average Th of ~600oC. In a review of fluid inclusions from porphyry copper
deposits, Bodnar et al. (2014) suggested Th values >600oC in veins associated with potassic alteration
should be much more common than often reported, simply because this is the upper temperature limit of
many fluid inclusion stages.
Propylitic alteration
Based on a worldwide review of modern geothermal systems, Bird and Spieler (2004) showed that epidote
is typically only an abundant phase at temperatures exceeding ~250oC and remains so to >350oC; chlorite
is typically observed in the range of ~120-400oC, although phase relationships indicate it can be stable to
167
~550oC (e.g. Reed et al., 2013). Epidote grain size/coarseness has also been shown to be directly
proportional to temperature (e.g. Patrier et al., 1990; Beaufort et al., 1992). Given that formation of albite is
often driven by conversion of the plagioclase anorthite component into epidote, then phase relationships,
assuming hematite saturation at a pressure of 500 bars, suggest that coexisting high Fe epidote (i.e. XEp
>0.9), albite and hematite define a lower temperature limit of ~350oC (Beane and Titley, 1981). For stability
at lower temperatures, the Fe-content of epidote and/or anorthite component of plagioclase must
decrease. The upper temperature limit of this assemblage is ~425oC, at which point coexisting Fe-rich
garnet and anorthite are thermodynamically more stable phases.
Only limited data are available for fluid inclusions from veins relating to propylitic alteration, but most
homogenisation temperatures (i.e. minimum constraints for alteration temperatures) are within the range
of 100-500oC (Bodnar et al., 2014). At North Silver Bell, Arizona, the highest homogenisation temperatures
of 375oC were documented in the transition from potassic to propylitic alteration, progressively decreasing
outwards to 232oC, marked by the disappearance of epidote, and ultimately 193oC in the outer, chlorite-
dominated propylitic zone (Ballantyne, 1981). Similarly, Norman et al. (1991) recorded an outwards
decrease in Th from 351 to 160oC across the propylitic zone of an Oligocene porphyry deposit in SW Tintic,
Utah. At Bingham, Utah, this outwards decrease in Th is from approximately 450oC to 350oC (Bowman et al.,
1987). At El Teniente, Chile, Th values from two propylitic epidote-quartz vein samples were between 247-
338oC (J.J. Wilkinson, 2014, pers. comm.).
5.5.2 Magnetite-quartz geothermometry

Several studies have investigated oxygen isotope fractionation, as a function of temperature, between
both quartz and water (Fig. 5.6a) and magnetite and water (Fig. 5.6b). For investigations in the quartz-water
system, mineral-fluid fractionation has been calculated theoretically (e.g. Shiro and Sakai, 1972; Bottinga
and Javoy, 1973; Zheng, 1993a), calibrated empirically (e.g. Sharp and Kirschner, 1994), and directly
measured through experimental approaches (e.g. Matsuhisa et al., 1979; Zhang et al., 1989; Hu and Clayton,
2003). Generally, the experimental calibrations are most applicable to the study of natural quartz-water
systems, and the calibration of Zhang et al. (1989) is particularly relevant to investigation of mineralised
hydrothermal systems. This study was based directly on hydrothermal crystallisation of quartz over
temperatures of 250-550oC at pressures of 0.7-0.8 kbar, and in the presence of several dissolved salts typical
of natural fluids. By comparison, other experimental work has been conducted at highly elevated pressures
(>5-20 kbar) and/or using pure water (e.g. Matsuhisa et al., 1979). The Zhang et al. (1989) fractionation
equation also provides an excellent ‘middle-ground’ between most other calibrations (Fig. 5.6a).
For the magnetite-water system, Bottinga and Javoy (1973) provided a theoretically-based fractionation
equation, assuming any anharmonicity of magnetite lattice vibrations are negligible. This was empirically
calibrated to the dataset of Anderson et al. (1971), which comprised δ18O measurements of coexisting
minerals in mafic igneous rocks. Cole et al. (2004) provided an experimentally-derived calibration, and also
168
showed how the presence of NaCl has limited effect on the magnetite-water system. However, these
experiments were subject to potential kinetic effects as they utilised redox reactions to achieve isotopic
equilibrium rather than diffusion, owing to the low diffusion coefficient of magnetite. Zheng (1991) used
the modified increment method to calculate a theoretical magnetite-water calibration; this method avoids
any problems associated with reaction kinetics and does not require accurate spectroscopic data of
magnetite vibrational frequencies, which are difficult to obtain due to its opacity. The Zheng (1991)
equation again provides a ‘middle-ground’ between the other fractionation equations and is the preferred
calibration in this study. Based on similar calculations, Becker and Clayton (1976) also determined the
expected oxygen isotope fractionation between magnetite and water at several fixed temperatures, with
results most similar to those of Zheng (1991) (Fig. 5.6b), but did not publish a full fractionation equation.
Rather than geothermometry based on combined quartz-water and magnetite-water calibrations, several
direct quartz-magnetite geothermometers have also been proposed. Bottinga and Javoy (1975) suggested
a semi-empirical calibration based on measurement of coexisting minerals in igneous and metamorphic
rocks. However, the suitability of this for the study of hydrothermal systems is uncertain. Perhaps more
applicable is the experimental calibration of Chiba et al. (1989), and theoretical calibration of Clayton and
Keiffer (1991) which was tied back to experimental studies. However, the experiments of Chiba et al. (1989)
were at particularly high pressures (15 kbar) and again subject to possible kinetic effects, because
equilibration involved crystallisation of magnetite. The calculations of Clayton and Keiffer (1991) rely on an
estimate of the magnetite partition function ratio given a lack of accurate spectroscopic data. Furthermore,
if these direct quartz-magnetite calibrations are utilised to calculate temperatures, a separately derived
mineral-water calibration must be employed to estimate the isotopic composition of the alteration fluid
itself.
Temperatures are therefore calculated here based on combined use of the quartz-water calibration of
Zhang et al. (1989) and magnetite-water calibration of Zheng (1991) (Table 5.4). Nevertheless, it is worth
highlighting that temperatures calculated using the direct quartz-magnetite calibrations of Chiba et al.
(1989) and Clayton and Keiffer (1991) are within only ± 13oC of these estimates, being consistently slightly
higher and lower respectively, thus corroborating the results.
5.5.3 Chlorite-quartz geothermometry

Wenner and Taylor (1971) provided the first equations linking temperature and δ18O for the chlorite-water
and chlorite-quartz systems. However, these were only empirical estimates based on measurements of
coexisting chlorite, quartz, muscovite, ilmenite and magnetite in serpentinised ultramafic rocks, calibrated
to temperature using several earlier equations derived for muscovite, ilmenite and magnetite. Subsequent
theoretical temperature calibrations for the chlorite-water system were given by Savin and Lee (1988),
using a refined version of the Taylor and Epstein (1962) bond-type calculation model, and by Zheng
(1993b) using the modified increment method.
169
The only experimental chlorite-water calibration was presented by Cole and Ripley (1998), who utilised
both partial exchange and hydrothermal granite-fluid alteration experiments in the temperature range of
170-350oC to provide fractionation data. This work is therefore well-constrained, particularly applicable to
the conditions of propylitic alteration, and again provides a good ‘middle-ground’ between other
calibrations (Fig. 5.6c). As such, it is the preferred calibration, used here in conjunction with the quartz-
water calibration of Zhang et al. (1989) discussed above.
Fig. 5.6 – Mineral-water isotope fractionation calibrations as discussed in section 5.5. (a-c) O-isotope fractionation in the
quartz-water, magnetite-water and chlorite water systems respectively; (d) H-isotope fractionation in the epidote-water
system. Preferred calibrations used in this study are shown as unbroken blue lines. Where specific fractionation data are
provided rather than an equation, these are shown as discrete data points arbitrarily joined by smoothed lines. Where
calibrations are extended outside of their specified experimental or theoretical temperature range they are shown in lighter
shades.
170
Temperature estimates obtained using these calibrations are, on average, within ± 16oC of those obtained
using the direct, empirical chlorite-quartz oxygen isotope geothermometer of Lacroix and Vennemann
(2015). The latter was based on measurement of chlorite and quartz in various metamorphic rocks, for
which independent temperature estimates were available. However, it is not preferred here as this
approach alone does not allow calculation of the alteration fluid δ18O composition. Nonetheless, good
agreement between the two is encouraging.
5.5.4 Epidote-quartz geothermometry

Oxygen isotope studies of the epidote-water system are limited. Matthews et al. (1983) first experimentally
investigated the zoisite (var. tanzanite)-water system; but their direct exchange experiments were
restricted to 600-700oC at 13.4 kbar and tanzanite is not strictly a member of the epidote group. Although
isotopic fractionation between zoisite-water and clinozoisite-water might be expected to be similar, all
epidote sampled from propylitic alteration is of the Fe-rich, true epidote end-member, and the substitution
of Fe for Al is expected to affect oxygen fractionation. The observed effect of this substitution on
fractionation in garnet (grossular-andradite) reported by Taylor and O'Neil (1977) was used by Matthews
and Schliestedt (1984) to modify earlier zoisite-water and quartz-water fractionation equations, providing
a direct epidote-quartz geothermometer. Subsequent isotope exchange experiments of grossular garnet
by Matthews (1994) were again combined with earlier zoisite-water data to give a revised version of this
epidote-quartz geothermometer.
However, Zheng (1993b) supplied the only true epidote-water oxygen isotope calibration, based on the
modified increment method. Given the numerous assumptions and extrapolations involved in the
equations of Matthews and Schliestedt (1984) and Matthews (1994), the Zheng (1993b) calibration is
preferred here, used in combination with the quartz-water equation of Zhang et al. (1989), discussed
above, to estimate formation temperatures and alteration fluid δ18O. However, all three approaches
provide good agreement: temperatures obtained are within ± 15oC (average ± 7oC), and within ± 19oC
(average ± 11oC), of those obtained using the Matthews and Schliestedt (1984) and Matthews (1994)
geothermometers respectively.
171
5.5.5 Isotope geothermometry results
Oxygen isotope Chlorite geothermometry
Results of magnetite-quartz, chlorite-quartz Sample geothermometry temperature (oC)
ID
Mineral Temp. Kranidiotis and Jowett Walshe
and epidote-quartz oxygen isotope pair (oC) MacLean (1987) (1991) (1986)
geothermometry, using the preferred NP12AP101 Qtz-mag 619 - - -
NP12AP102 Qtz-mag 599 - - -
calibrations discussed above, are given in Table NP12AP105 Qtz-mag 677 - - -
5.4. For two samples, temperatures were NP13AP160 Qtz-mag 724 - - -
NP13AP168 Qtz-mag 698 - - -
estimated independently by both chlorite-
NP12AP040 Qtz-epi 292 155 282 226
quartz and epidote-quartz mineral pairs. Results NP12AP044 Qtz-epi 294 159 292 237
o
differ by only 2 C for NP13AP249, a propylitic NP12AP096 Qtz-epi 353 157 278 214
Qtz-epi 348
epidote-quartz (P2) vein with chlorite-pyrite- NP13AP016 169 307 238
Qtz-chl 356
epidote halo (Fig. 2.20r), and only 8oC for NP13AP248 Qtz-epi 364 159 281 240
Qtz-epi 315
NP13AP016, a large vug containing epidote, NP13AP249 159 281 240
Qtz-chl 317
chlorite and quartz. Thus, the two assemblages NP12AP031 Qtz-chl 239 167 312 266
are remarkably coherent. When plotted as a NP13AP026 Qtz-chl 345 168 307 246
NP13AP033 Qtz-chl 422 170 316 254
function of distance from the E48 centre,
Table 5.4 – Formation temperatures calculated based on
temperatures show a trend consistent with a oxygen isotope geothermometry for the mineral pair indicated,
and from several potential chlorite geothermometers using
power law decrease (Fig. 5.7), as might be compositions provided in Table 5.1. Mineral δ18O compositions
expected for decay of radiative energy from a used for isotope geothermometry are given in Table 5.2; where
repeat analyses were made, an average value was used.
point source. Temperatures were calculated based on the mineral-water
calibration for quartz of Zhang et al. (1989), combined with that
Generally, potassic alteration is shown to occur of Zheng (1991) for magnetite, Zheng (1993b) for epidote and
Cole and Ripley (1998) for chlorite.
at least between 750-600oC, but must persist
until ~450 oC where it transitions into propylitic
alteration (Fig. 5.7). Temperatures decreased
from ~400oC to ~200oC outward across the
propylitic alteration zone and reached >400oC in
the centre of a chlorite-sericite-quartz-epidote-
pyrite (P1) propylitic vein (422oC; NP13AP033).
Based on field relationships and mass balance
calculations (Chapters 2-3) these veins appear
to be the principal conduits for fluids into the
propylitic alteration zone, often associated with Fig. 5.7 – Oxygen isotope equilibrium temperatures plotted
the most intense alteration textures and most against lateral distance to relevant deposit centres, effectively
showing the temperature gradient of the magmatic-
significant metasomatic gain of elements such hydrothermal system. Note potassic qtz-mag samples from E26,
although technically located ~350 m from the centre of the Cu
as Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu and S. Hence, this result orebody, were collected from, and intergrown with, a
supports the advection of heat along with mass mineralised porphyry intrusion. As such they represent the
highest temperature conditions which must be prevalent across
through such fractures. All results are in good deposit centres.
172
agreement with the initial independent constraints imposed by the observed stable alteration
assemblages and fluid inclusion data.
5.5.6 Chlorite geothermometry

For samples where oxygen isotope
geothermometry was not possible (i.e. no quartz
separate could be produced), alteration
temperatures were estimated by chlorite
geothermometry based on SEM-EDS
compositional data. However, several such
empirical and theoretical geothermometers have
been previously proposed (e.g. Cathelineau and
Nieva, 1985; Walshe, 1986; Kranidiotis and
MacLean, 1987; Jowett, 1991), often with large
disagreement between results. To establish which
geothermometer is likely to be the most reliable in
the Northparkes context, they were first applied to
samples for which oxygen isotope temperatures
had been determined, and the results of each
technique compared (Fig. 5.8a).
Temperatures yielded by the equation of Jowett

(1991) show most similarity to those from isotope
geothermometry (Fig. 5.8a), hence results from Fig. 5.8 – Comparison of formation temperatures obtained
this equation are used in preference to others. by oxygen isotope geothermometry with (a) those estimates
of various chlorite geothermometers and (b) Ti
Notably, no chlorite geothermometers could concentration of chlorite. Ideal agreement between chlorite
and oxygen isotope geothermometry results in (a) would
reproduce the full variance of high to low follow the 1:1 line shown; estimates provided by the equation
temperatures; rather, this technique simply of Jowett (1991) are closest, with others systematically
underestimating temperatures.
provides a broad approximation of alteration
temperatures.
5.5.7 Ti in chlorite geothermometry

The concentration of Ti in chlorite, determined by LA-ICP-MS, has been previously noted to display a
systematic reduction with spatial progression away from presumed high temperature deposit centres and
large veins (Chapter 2; Wilkinson et al. 2015). As the rocks always appear to contain ‘excess’ Ti during
alteration, evidenced as secondary rutile or titanite inclusions in chlorite, Ti activity is clearly always
sufficient during propylitic alteration to ensure an equilibrium level is attained in chlorite. Consequently,
173
inclusion of Ti in chlorite is thought to be
controlled largely by temperature alone.
Unfortunately, LA-ICP-MS compositional data are
only available for some of those samples with
formation temperatures calculated
independently using oxygen isotope
geothermometry. However, this limited dataset
does tenuously support the hypothesis, showing
a weak positive correlation between Ti
concentration and formation temperature (Fig.
5.8b). Clearly, this relationship could be further
investigated through future study of chlorite
containing a wider range of Ti concentrations.
5.6 O-H ISOTOPE TRACING

5.6.1 Calculating alteration fluid δ 18 O
The δ18O value of the alteration fluid in
equilibrium with analysed phases is obtained
directly from oxygen isotope geothermometry,
represented by the point at which both mineral-
Fig. 5.9 – Comparison of calculated alteration fluid δ18O (a)
water fractionation curves intersect. For all other and δD (b) values for the same samples, but derived
samples, the formation temperature calculated independently based on epidote-water and chlorite-water
fractionation calibrations. In an ideal scenario both
via the Jowett (1991) chlorite geothermometry estimates would agree perfectly. Generally, there is excellent
agreement for δ18O, but uncertainties regarding hydrogen
equation was used to estimate fluid δ18O, based fractionation in the chlorite-water system (section 5.6.2)
on the mineral-water fractionation curves of mean the relationship is far from perfect in (b).
Zheng (1993b) for epidote and Cole and Ripley

(1998) for chlorite.
In eight samples both coexisting epidote and chlorite were analysed, allowing two estimates of alteration
fluid δ18O composition to be calculated, one based on each mineral. On average these independent
estimates for a given sample are within 0.6‰ of one another, demonstrating an excellent agreement,
although typically fluid δ18O values obtained from chlorite are consistently slightly lower than those from
epidote (Fig. 5.9a).
5.6.2 Calculating alteration fluid δD
Epidote
Hydrogen isotope fractionation in the epidote-water system has only been investigated experimentally.
Initially, based on epidote-water equilibration at 150-650oC, it was suggested that, in pure water, hydrogen
174
fractionation was largely temperature independent above 300oC (Fig. 5.6d; Graham et al., 1980).
Conversely, in experiments where the salts NaCl and CaCl were introduced to the system, fractionation was
partially temperature sensitive throughout the studied range of 250-550oC, with saline conditions also
appearing to reduce the magnitude of mineral-fluid fractionation under most conditions (Graham and
Sheppard, 1980). Vennemann and O'Neil (1996) conducted alternative experiments in the epidote-H2
system between 150-400oC, although results had to be calibrated to the epidote-water system using
several other H2-water fractionation equations, with their associated uncertainty. In contrast to earlier work,
this study suggested a particularly strong temperature dependency for hydrogen fractionation between
epidote and pure water (Fig. 5.6d). However, all experiments involving exchange between fine mineral
powders and liquids/gas are highly sensitive to surface kinetic effects such as dissolution and re-
precipitation. Chacko et al. (1999) circumvented these effects: large epidote grains were used to investigate
the epidote-water system between 300-600oC, analysing only the outer edge of the grains, where isotope
exchange occurred exclusively by diffusional processes. The hydrogen calibration produced (Fig. 5.6d) was
evaluated by Pope (2011), using epidote-water fractionation data and known formation temperatures from
four modern geothermal systems, including the hypersaline Salton Sea system. Within experimental error,
the Chacko et al. (1999) calibration was capable of accounting for all observed fractionation in these
systems, hence it is perhaps the most reliable epidote-water hydrogen fractionation equation, and the only
one currently supported by empirical evidence. As such, it is used here to calculate the alteration fluid δD
based on measured epidote δD and formation temperatures from either oxygen isotope or chlorite
geothermometry.
Chlorite
Hydrogen isotope fractionation in the chlorite-water system is currently very poorly understood, partly
owing to the slow nature of isotopic exchange below ~500oC. Marumo et al. (1980) provided the first direct
study of the system, analysing chlorite from the <2 μm size fraction of samples collected in the Ohnuma
geothermal area, Japan. Fractionation was calculated assuming geothermal fluids had the same isotopic
composition as local meteoric water, then compared to measured/inferred temperatures and chlorite
chemistry. Results appeared to show fractionation was controlled partly by temperature, and was also
negatively correlated with chlorite Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio in the temperature range of 130-250oC, in agreement
with earlier suggestions by Suzuoki and Epstein (1976). Such a link between chlorite composition and
hydrogen isotope fractionation is not clearly supported by the Northparkes dataset (Fig. 5.4).
However, subsequent experimental work, combined with a compilation of empirical data for a wide range
of temperatures, appears to demonstrate that, in fact, hydrogen fractionation does not measurably depend
upon chlorite Fe-Mg content (Graham et al., 1984; Graham et al., 1987). Further, although equilibrium
fractionation factors could not be determined at temperatures <500oC, these experiments indicated that
fractionation is also temperature independent between 500-700oC. For lower temperatures, Heijboer and
Vennemann (2008) provided preliminary data on three experiments in the chlorite-H2 system between
175
200-300oC. Results were calibrated to the Fluid Fluid
Temp.
Sample ID Mineral δ18OVSMOW δDVSMOW
chlorite-water (vapour) system and seem to (oC)
(‰) (‰)
suggest hydrogen fractionation actually has a NP12AP031 239 Qtz-Chl 0.9 -19.6
NP12AP033 273 Epi 2.7 -41.8
strong dependency on temperature under cooler Chl 0.9 -22.0
NP12AP036 299
Epi 2.5 -34.5
conditions.
NP12AP040 292 Qtz-Epi 1.7 -29.5
NP12AP044 294 Qtz-Epi 1.2 -23.2
Consequently, the understanding of hydrogen
Chl 2.4 -23.9
NP12AP045 312
fractionation between chlorite and fluid is Epi 2.5 -22.0
NP12AP073 303 Chl 1.7 -26.1
incomplete and only one calibration has been Chl 2.2 -22.8
NP12AP096 353
published (Graham et al., 1984). Although this Qtz-Epi 3.2 -47.7
NP12AP097 278 Epi 1.1 -46.7
calibration is only truly applicable between 500- NP12AP101 619 Qtz-Mag 8.0 -
700oC, as it is based on experiments conducted at NP12AP102 599 Qtz-Mag 9.0 -73.0q
NP12AP105 677 Qtz-Mag 8.1 -
these temperatures, it is used here to estimate the NP12AP115 295 Epi 2.6 -27.4
348 Qtz-Epi 2.8 -45.9
alteration fluid δD in equilibrium with measured
NP13AP016 356 Qtz-Chl 3.0 -28.0
chlorite (Table 5.5). However, these calculations are 352 Qtz 2.9 -74.8q
NP13AP026 345 Qtz-Chl 2.0 -31.8
clearly associated with significant uncertainty and,
NP13AP033 422 Qtz-Chl 3.3 -33.4
where data are available for coexisting epidote and NP13AP037 313 Chl 1.5 -25.1
Chl 0.5 -25.3
chlorite in the same sample, estimates of fluid δD NP13AP049 291
Epi 1.5 -19.5
from these do not show good agreement (Fig. NP13AP057 308 Chl 2.8 -26.5
Chl 1.8 -26.2
5.9b). Consequently, strong preference is given to NP13AP061 326
Epi 2.3 -23.8
fluid δD estimates based on epidote data. NP13AP160 724 Qtz-Mag 7.6 -
NP13AP168 698 Qtz-Mag 7.9 -48.1q
NP13AP248 364 Qtz-Epi 3.7 -26.7
Quartz
315 Qtz-Epi 3.1 -22.1
Thermal decrepitation of fluid inclusions in quartz NP13AP249 317 Qtz-Chl 3.1 -17.4
316 Qtz 3.1 -63.3q
can, in theory, directly sample the original NP13AP258 312 Chl 5.7 -30.8
alteration fluid. Despite this, the technique is NP13AP294 246 Chl 5.1 -34.0
Chl 2.1 -25.9
generally not preferred because all generations of NP13AP312 304
Epi 2.6 -49.0
inclusions are analysed, not only primary ones (if NP13AP318 312 Epi 6.8 -23.0
they even exist), and it must be assumed that the Table 5.5 – Alteration fluid δ18O and δD, calculated using the
measured composition of mineral(s) (given in Table 5.2) and
hydrogen isotopic composition of the fluid has formation temperatures as shown. Where repeat analyses of
remained unchanged since entrapment. The minerals were made, an average composition was used in
calculations. Temperatures in bold are from isotope
presence of any OH-bearing lattice defects in the geothermometry using the mineral pair shown, all others are
from chlorite geothermometry using the equation of Jowett
quartz or contaminant phases also has the (1991) and compositional data given in Table 5.1. Fluid δ18O
potential to significantly impact results (Gleeson et was calculated using the mineral-water calibrations as
follows: qtz = Zhang et al. (1989); mag = Zheng (1991); epi =
al., 2008). Nevertheless, bulk thermal decrepitation Zheng (1993b); chl = Cole and Ripley (1998). Fluid δD was
calculated for epidote using the mineral-water calibration of
was the only means of constraining the δD of Chacko et al. (1999), and for chlorite that of Graham et al.
q
potassic alteration fluids, because pure biotite (1984). δD values denoted are direct values from thermal
decrepitation of fluid inclusions in quartz.
separates could not be obtained from samples of
176
K-feldspar-biotite altered rocks. Results from propylitic quartz samples are also useful for comparison with
estimates of fluid δD calculated using mineral-water hydrogen isotope calibrations.
5.6.3 Modelling potential fluid sources

To constrain the origin of the propylitic alteration fluid, it is first necessary to consider the isotopic
composition of potential end-member fluid sources, and how their composition would be expected to
evolve upon progressive interaction/equilibration with country rock during propylitic alteration. This is
achieved by modelling, based on existing constraints on the nature of the flow system (e.g. Chapters 2-4).
In the Northparkes system, three major fluid sources could have potentially contributed to propylitic
alteration: 1) spent porphyry ore fluids of magmatic origin as they cooled and migrated away from thermal
centres; 2) meteoric waters which were heated as they flowed in toward thermal centres, during convective
circulation around the intrusive system; and 3) heated seawater which could have been present in the local
environment. The latter is suggested based on the submarine depositional characteristics of the volcano-
sedimentary country rocks, which contain abundant evidence of magma-wet sediment interaction (e.g.
Chapter 2; Simpson et al., 2005). However, Sr-isotope tracing (section 5.7) precludes the involvement of
any significant seawater component, and thus O- and H-isotope tracing is restricted to discriminating
between magmatic and meteoric fluids.
At the time of formation, broadly constrained to 435-455 Ma (Fig. 2.23), paleogeographic reconstructions
indicate that the Northparkes system was located at a latitude of approximately 20oN, outboard of eastern
Gondwana (e.g. Glen et al., 1998; Scotese, 2001; Percival et al., 2011; Golonka, 2012; van Hinsbergen et al.,
2015). Further, the submarine character of all country rocks, including those broadly coeval with
mineralisation, suggests a low altitude environment. Therefore, based on the global meteoric water line of
Craig (1961) and observations of modern precipitation (e.g. Bowen and Revenaugh, 2003), meteoric fluids
at this latitude would be expected to have an initial isotopic composition of δ18OVSMOW ≈ -3‰ and δDVSMOW
≈ -15‰. This assumes the bulk O- and H-isotopic composition of seawater has remained constant since
the Late Ordovician, which, although still uncertain, is broadly in agreement with studies that suggest
Phanerozoic values have remained in a narrow range close to the present day composition (e.g.
Muehlenbachs and Clayton, 1976; Gregory and Taylor, 1981; Lécuyer et al., 1996; Veizer et al., 1997; Lécuyer
et al., 1998; Veizer et al., 1999; Jaffrés et al., 2007). In contrast, the composition of magmatic-derived fluids
is typically thought to be in the range of δ18OVSMOW = 7 to 9‰ and δDVSMOW = -40 to -80‰ (Taylor, 1974).
Lithologies hosting the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Northparkes are dominated by the BQM pluton
and trachyandesite volcanics. Based on global compilations of O- and H-isotope data for unaltered whole
rock samples (Taylor, 1968; 1974; 1978), basalts, gabbros, syenites and andesites average δ18OVSMOW ≈ 6‰
(mostly in the range of 5 to 8‰) and δDVSMOW ≈ -70‰ (mostly in the range of -50 to -100‰). Unfortunately,
owing to the scarcity of fresh, unaltered whole rock samples, whole rock isotopic data from Northparkes
are limited (section 5.4). Nevertheless, available results are in good agreement with literature-based
177
averages: analyses of the BQM gave an average δ18OVSMOW of 5.8‰, and analyses of all BQM and AND
samples yielded an average δDVSMOW of -71‰.
These constraints on the initial isotopic composition of end-member fluids, and the rocks with which they
may have interacted, provide the key inputs for modelling. The isotopic evolution of each fluid, meteoric
and magmatic, was calculated over a range of fixed temperatures during progressive equilibration with
the country rock (i.e. toward lower water:rock ratios) using the equation of Ohmoto and Rye (1974). In this
model (Fig. 5.10), it is reasonably assumed that O- and H-isotopic equilibration is controlled by orthoclase
and plagioclase feldspars and biotite respectively, as these are the most abundant phases in the host rocks.
At very low water:rock ratios (<0.001) both fluids approach the same range of compositions (dashed line
in Fig. 5.10) which therefore represents a boundary beyond which either end-member fluid cannot pass.
Notably, this boundary is independent of the starting composition of the fluids, being controlled by the
ambient temperature, rock composition and mineral-fluid fractionation factors for the minerals that
dominate isotopic exchange.
178
Fig. 5.10 – Modelled O-H equilibration paths of Northparkes meteoric (light blue) and average magmatic (orange) waters
during isotopic exchange with country rock at fixed temperatures, toward progressively lower water:rock ratios. Water:rock
ratios are indicated in italics and marked on two equilibration paths as dark circles. Modelling is based on the equation of
Ohomoto and Rye (1974) and assumes country rock monzonite has typical δ18OVSMOW ≈ 6‰ and δDVSMOW ≈ -70‰, with
exchange controlled by orthoclase and plagioclase feldspars and biotite, as discussed in section 5.6.3. Blue and red arrows
represent the equilibration paths which might be expected for either inflowing, heating meteoric waters or outflowing,
cooling magmatic waters respectively. For magmatic fluids, this path was calculated assuming that the rate of fluid cooling
decreased with progressive infiltration into host rocks, as was indicated by oxygen isotope geothermometry (Fig. 5.7), so
that at water:rock ratios of 1, temperature ≈ 500oC, at 0.1 ≈ 400oC, at 0.01 ≈ 330oC, at 0.001 ≈ 300oC and at 0.00001 ≈ 230oC,
with most propylitic alteration occurring at ~300-350oC. Similarly, for meteoric waters, the rate of heating is assumed to
have increased with progressive fluid infiltration toward thermal centres, so that at water:rock ratios of 0.5, temperature ≈
150oC, 0.1 ≈ 200oC, 0.01 ≈ 320oC, 0.00001 ≈ 350oC. All such cooling and heating paths have a similar trajectory on the plot,
but their exact shape and position is sensitive to the rate of cooling during fluid interaction with host rocks. Both fluids
develop toward a fixed composition at very low water:rock ratios, at which point they are in equilibrium with the reservoir
rock. This equilibrium composition is temperature sensitive and its position is indicated across the temperature range by
the grey dashed line. Any alteration fluid data plotting below this line requires a magmatic water input, and any above it a
meteoric water input. Alteration fluid data (Table 5.5) are plotted, along with temperatures from oxygen isotope
geothermometry. The global meteoric water line (GMWL) is also shown for reference. The hypothetical mixing paths
indicated are discussed in section 5.6.4.
179
5.6.4 Results
The calculated O- and H-isotopic compositions of
alteration fluids in equilibrium with the analysed
minerals are provided in Table 5.5 and plotted on
Figure 5.10. The large uncertainties associated with
determination of fluid δD from chlorite compositions
mean that preference should be given to the epidote-
derived data. Metamorphic fluids, although
represented by only three data points, appear
compositionally distinct from fluid(s) involved in
mineralisation/alteration. Potassic alteration fluids,
represented by quartz-magnetite samples, plot
exclusively within the compositional range expected
for primary magmatic fluids. The calculated propylitic
alteration fluid compositions are largely consistent
with such primary magmatic fluids that progressively
equilibrated with monzonite ± trachyandesite-
dominated country rocks, during cooling from
approximately 400oC to 230oC (red arrow in Fig. 5.10).
Values of δD for the propylitic alteration fluid derived

by bulk extract of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions are Fig. 5.11 – Calculated and/or analysed alteration fluid
(a) δ18O and (b) δD in relation to formation temperatures,
slightly lower than calculated estimates based on as estimated by both oxygen isotope and chlorite
epidote-water fractionation. If the calculated geothermometry.
18
Note the positive correlation between
δ O and temperature defined by the propylitic epidote
estimates are correct, this could imply some liberated and chlorite samples. The grey dashed line extrapolates
this trend to include the potassic quartz-magnetite
hydrogen was derived from micro-inclusions of samples, as discussed in section 5.6.4. All data also show
hydrous minerals or OH-bearing defects within the a good match to the expected path of a magmatic fluid
which isotopically equilibrates with country rocks during
quartz; however, the low hydrogen yields from quartz cooling – as represented by the red arrows. This
equilibration path is also shown on Fig. 5.10.
show that any such contribution must be minor.
Alternatively, these values may reflect the less evolved character that might be anticipated for magmatic
fluids passing through the centre of major fluid conduits (i.e. veins). Either way, the data are inconsistent
with a predominantly meteoric water control of the propylitic domain and, while not excluding a meteoric
component, clearly show that the system was magmatic-dominated.
If the relationship between alteration fluid δ18O and temperature is considered (Fig. 5.11a), a broadly
positive correlation is observed, with metamorphic samples present as distinct outliers. Interpreted in
isolation, this relationship could suggest mixing of hot, 18O enriched magmatic water with cooler, relatively
18
O depleted meteoric water, the latter with δ18O approximately -2‰ at temperatures of 0-100oC (dashed
180
line in Fig. 5.11a). However, such simple mixing of
these two isotopically-primitive end-members
would also generate a correlation between δD and
temperature (Fig. 5.11b), as well as a linear trend
between both components in δ18O-δD-space
(mixing path A in Fig. 5.10), and no such
correlations are observed in these plots.
Alternatively, it is still possible to account for much

of the data in Figure 5.10 by more complex mixing,
in which both the magmatic and meteoric
components are partially exchanged with host
rocks, to variable degrees, prior to mixing. In this
way the slope of any mixing path in δ18O-δD-space
is much steeper (e.g. mixing path B in Fig. 5.10) and
an infinite number of mixing scenarios, and
therefore fluid compositions, are possible. Yet, if
the data did represent several such variable mixing
Fig. 5.12 – Alteration fluid δ18O and δD in relation to lateral
paths, a correlation between alteration fluid δ18O distance from mineralised centres. “O-temp” indicates
and temperature might not be expected - as both those samples where mineral-fluid fractionation was
calculated using formation temperatures obtained from
of these parameters would have been oxygen isotope geothermometry. These samples define a
decrease in δ18O and increase in δD with distance. Such
independently controlled by separate processes,
trends may still be observed in samples where fractionation
including the extent of prior fluid-rock interaction calculations relied on temperature estimates from chlorite
geothermometry (chl-temp), but are more scattered.
and the ratio of mixing, as well as the temperature
difference between the fluids. Because a correlation is observed, this could suggest that such mixing only
occurred between fluids of constant initial temperature and at the same point during fluid-rock interaction.
However, not only would this be unlikely in a natural geological system, but a similar trend/correlation
would also then be expected between δD and temperature, as both O and H are exchanged equally during
mixing. Again this is not observed, with a large spread in δD values across a relatively narrow temperature
interval (Fig. 5.11b). Thus, these observations probably indicate that any mixing was limited in its extent.
Rather, the propylitic fluid defines an evolutionary path that is far more consistent with the trend expected
for the progressive isotopic exchange of a magmatic fluid with country rocks during cooling from ~400oC
to ~230oC (red arrows in Figs. 5.10, 5.11). Oxygen isotope geothermometry temperature estimates also
correlate well with these expected magmatic fluid equilibration paths (labelled in Fig. 5.10). In this pure
magmatic end-member model, the correlation between temperature and δ18O (Fig. 5.11a) is purely driven
by the interaction of a magmatic fluid with host rocks, which simultaneously results in fluid cooling and
rapid lowering of its δ18O. Fluid δD is also increased by this process, but changes do not follow those
181
observed in δ18O, as the rate of exchange is different for both O and H. Scatter in the data away from the
expected cooling paths can arise from both variance in the rate of cooling relative to the extent of isotopic
exchange and/or limited mixing with meteoric fluids.
Plotted as a function of distance to the deposit centre, fluid δ18O and δD values both broadly decrease (Fig.
5.12). This indicates that, as for temperature, the processes responsible for controlling the isotopic
composition of the alteration fluid (fluid-rock exchange and/or mixing) varied systematically across the
magmatic-hydrothermal system.
In summary, results demonstrate that a heating meteoric water alone could not have generated the
propylitic alteration at Northparkes and that a magmatic fluid must have been involved. With the exception
of one data point (based on fluid δD calculated from chlorite) outwards infiltration of a magmatic fluid into
surrounding country rocks, naturally accompanied by isotopic exchange and cooling, could explain all of
the observed data. However, the results do not preclude the limited mixing of cooled and variably evolved
magmatic fluid with heated and variably evolved meteoric waters.
5.7 S R ISOTOPE TRACING

Strontium isotopes are not significantly fractionated between mineral and fluid phases, hence the isotopic
composition (i.e. 87Sr/86Sr ratio) of an alteration mineral directly records the composition of the water from
which it precipitated. Furthermore, the strontium isotope ratio of water is controlled exclusively by the
dissolution of, and/or ion exchange with, Rb- and Sr-bearing minerals encountered along its flow path (e.g.
Peterman and Stuckless, 1992; Banner, 1995; McNutt, 2000; Frost and Toner, 2004). Therefore, the 87Sr/86Sr
ratio of an alteration mineral directly reflects the source of the alteration fluid and the rocks with which it
has equilibrated.
As a calcium-bearing mineral, epidote may contain several thousand ppm Sr, thus it has significant
potential for use as a fluid tracer. Epidote formed from a magmatic water would be expected to have an
initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio comparable to that of magmatic rocks. Similarly, epidote formed from meteoric water
should have an initial composition equivalent to the country rocks with which such waters equilibrated.
Results of Rb- and Sr-isotope analyses of volcanic and plutonic rocks, along with epidote separates from
Northparkes were used in section 5.4.3 to establish an estimated formation date of 450 ± 11 Ma for the
system, which in turn permitted calculation of the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the samples (Table 5.3). The average
initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of volcanic country rocks = 0.704206 ± 0.000032 (n = 4, 1σ), plutonic rocks (BQM and AFG)
= 0.704174 ± 0.000044 (n = 6, 1σ), and propylitic epidote = 0.704212 ± 0.000090 (n = 14, 1σ). One sample of
87
metamorphic epidote, although of unknown age, gave a distinct initial Sr/86Sr = 0.704616 assuming
formation at 450 Ma. These results (Fig. 5.13a) are in good agreement with those reported by Cooke et al.
(2007) who analysed five intrusive rocks from Northparkes (BQM and QMP intrusions) that gave an average
initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.704058 ± 0.000314 (1σ) and one epidote sample from the E27 deposit with an initial 87Sr/86Sr
= 0.70424, calculated based on an assumed formation age of 440 Ma.
182
Both intrusive and country rock lithologies at Northparkes have almost identical strontium isotopic
compositions, likely owing to their broadly similar (Ordovician) timing and magma genesis, forming part
of the same shoshonitic suite. The average composition of 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7042 is in good agreement with the
presumed island arc tectonic setting (e.g. Simpson et al., 2005), indicating no crustal contamination with
ratios close to the bulk silicate earth value of 0.7045 (e.g. Salters and Stracke, 2004; Workman and Hart,
2005). Propylitic epidote shows a wider, but still relatively limited range in its strontium isotopic
composition (Fig. 5.13a). Although there is perhaps a slight increase in epidote 87Sr/86Sr with progression
away from the E48 deposit (Fig. 5.13b), the statistical significance of this is questionable given natural
geological variability. Consequently, strontium cannot be used effectively in this example to discriminate
between meteoric and magmatic fluid reservoirs and their possible contribution to propylitic alteration.
Fig. 5.13 – Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of

propylitic epidote samples: (a)
compared against the initial isotopic
composition of plutonic/magmatic
and country rocks; (b) as a function of
linear distance to the centre of the E48
orebody. Boxes in (a) represent the ±
1σ compositional variability of n
samples, with whiskers at ± 2σ; circles
are outliers >2σ and horizontal lines
show the mean value.
However, the Sr composition of epidote would be highly sensitive to the involvement of any seawater in
the hydrothermal system. This is a possibility given the submarine nature of the country rock island arc
volcaniclastic sequence, which includes several marine facies such as limestones and turbidites, and
displays abundant textural evidence of magma wet-sediment interaction (e.g. Chapter 2; Kolkert, 1998;
Simpson et al., 2005; Glen et al., 2012). Seawater 87Sr/86Sr has remained at values >0.7065 throughout the
Phanerozoic, and during the Late Ordovician/Early Silurian was approximately 0.708-0.709 (e.g. Burke et
al., 1982; Qing et al., 1998; Veizer et al., 1999). Therefore, the presence of any seawater during alteration
87
would have produced epidote Sr/86Sr values higher than in magmatic or country rock lithologies.
Consequently, the minor involvement of seawater in propylitic alteration, or at the very least, the
incorporation of Sr from phases originally precipitated from seawater (e.g. calcite/limestone), is one way of
accounting for the higher range in epidote 87Sr/86Sr compared to the Northparkes host rocks (Fig. 5.13a).
However, as epidote 87Sr/86Sr composition is not significantly skewed toward the far higher seawater value
this is unlikely to have been a major source of Sr. Alternatively, it is possible that samples from directly
around Northparkes do not adequately reflect the variance in whole rock 87Sr/86Sr of the wider district
through which alteration fluids circulated.
183
5.8 D ISCUSSION : ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORIGIN OF PROPYLITIC ALTERATION
To date, the results of this study represent the most comprehensive isotopic investigation into the origin
of propylitic alteration, and strongly suggest the facies is simply the distal, cooler equivalent of potassic
alteration, driven by the same magmatic fluid. There is a clear decrease in δ18O and increase in δD of the
propylitic alteration fluid with progression away from deposits. Modelling shows that this trend cannot
have been produced by heated meteoric waters and requires input of magmatic fluids into the propylitic
domain.
Depletion of 18O and increase in the D content of the propylitic alteration fluid, with increasing distance
from mineralised centres, was also recognised by Bowman et al. (1987) at the Bingham porphyry Cu-Au-
Mo deposit, Utah, and by Parsapoor et al. (2014) at the Darreh-Zar porphyry Cu deposit, Iran. However, at
Darreh-Zar this was based on only two epidote samples, and temperatures used to calculate epidote-water
fractionation were arbitrarily estimated at 300oC. Parsapoor et al. (2014) simply interpreted this ‘trend’ as a
result of an influx of meteoric water into the periphery of the system, and did not consider the effect of
cooling and water-rock equilibration on the composition of magmatic water. If, as is typical, country rocks
are dominated by plagioclase and biotite, such water-rock interaction can have exactly the same effect on
fluid composition, lowering δ18O and increasing δD. At Bingham, Bowman et al. (1987) acknowledged
these trends were inconsistent with inflowing, heating meteoric waters driving propylitic alteration, and in
fact showed they could be generated by a magmatic water, mixing with formation waters outwards.
Despite this, they proposed a different model in which meteoric fluids were convectively drawn through
the magmatic system at depth, heating and equilibrating with host rocks until their composition was
similar to magmatic fluids; at this point they were focussed/expelled outwards around deposits, generating
propylitic alteration. This concept of porphyry magmatic systems acting as ‘heat engines’ to drive the
circulation of meteoric waters is epitomised by Taylor (1974) but, with hindsight, is viewed as vastly
overemphasising the role of such fluids (e.g. Hedenquist and Richards, 1998).
Norman et al. (1991) also documented a deposit-distal decrease in alteration fluid δ18O at Southwest Tintic,
Utah. In contrast to the Northparkes (E48), Bingham and Darreh-Zar deposits, this was accompanied by an
apparent decrease in alteration fluid δD, interpreted as reflecting an ingress of local meteoric water with
low δD values. However, unlike the trend in δ18O, which was defined on numerous epidote, calcite, chlorite
and whole rock samples, the trend in δD was based on only three chlorite analyses in the distal epidote-
chlorite subzone. These provided an average alteration fluid δDVSMOW of -79‰ compared to an average
of -55‰ in the most deposit-proximal actinolite subzone, the latter being based on analysis of two epidote
and two chlorite separates. Given the substantial uncertainty in hydrogen isotope fractionation in the
chlorite-water system, it is unclear how robust this 24‰ difference is. Further, the most deposit-distal
chlorite sample gave a composition that could equally have been produced by isotopic exchange of a
magmatic fluid with country rocks. Even if this data are in support of a meteoric water at Southwest Tintic,
Norman et al. (1991) demonstrated that the calculated isotopic composition and measured salinity (from
184
fluid inclusions) of the propylitic alteration fluid still required mixing of such local meteoric water with a
higher temperature, “much more 18O- and D-enriched (relative to local meteoric water), higher salinity
fluid”. Although now this would be readily interpreted as evidence for the involvement of magmatic fluids
in the propylitic zone, Norman et al. (1991) dismissed this idea, favouring the meteoric water model of
Bowman et al. (1987) discussed above.
Similarly, Dilles et al. (1992) proposed meteoric water as the driver of propylitic alteration at the Ann-Mason
deposit, Nevada, based purely on similarity in the O- and H-isotopic composition of two propylitically-
altered whole rock samples with apparently fresh rocks. However, this observation does not implicate any
particular fluid source, and can equally be explained by the action of propylitic fluids that were
approaching isotopic equilibrium with their host rocks under rock-dominated conditions, which might be
expected in the distal portions of this facies.
The O- and H-isotopic composition of whole rock, plagioclase, biotite and chlorite samples from
propylitically-altered rocks surrounding the Babine porphyry Cu deposits of British Columbia were
analysed by Zaluski et al. (1994). Their use of plagioclase and biotite to study the propylitic alteration fluid
is, perhaps, questionable. The former is only developed in propylitic alteration as end-member albite and
cannot supply δD data and, although biotite could be stable within the innermost propylitic zone, where
it may transition into potassic alteration, across most of the propylitic facies it is chloritised. Further, the
‘chlorite’ samples were inevitably contaminated because, rather than using true chlorite separates, whole
rock powders of chlorite-rich samples (that also contained amounts of biotite, sericite and other clays) were
analysed. Again, the use of chlorite to estimate alteration fluid δD is also limited given the uncertainty in
hydrogen isotope fractionation between chlorite and water. Nonetheless, data from this study showed that
δ18OVSMOW of the propylitic alteration fluid at the various deposits was in the range of 2-9‰, and that
δDVSMOW varied from -70‰ to -90‰. These values overlapped the isotopic composition determined for late
potassic fluids at these deposits and the expected compositions of both magmatic and meteoric fluids that
have undergone isotopic exchange with local host rocks. Consequently, Zaluski et al. (1994) suggested that
propylitic alteration was driven by a mixture of magmatic and meteoric fluids.
Other studies have been restricted to only oxygen isotope investigations. At the North Silver Bell porphyry
Cu deposit, Arizona, Ballantyne (1981) calculated the δ18O of alteration fluids in equilibrium with one
chlorite, five whole rock and three calcite samples from across the propylitic zone. This again showed an
outwards decrease in δ18O of the alteration fluid, and implicated the involvement of a fluid with 18O
contents higher than any available meteoric waters, even in the most distal samples. Therefore, such data
18
could once again be readily explained by the involvement of relatively O-rich magmatic fluids in
In a different approach, Fekete et al. (2016) interpreted 18O data from quartz in porphyry stockwork veins
to suggest that meteoric waters infiltrate into the potassic zone during mineralisation and, by inference,
185
must dominate outside this zone. Their data was collected by in situ ion microprobe analysis of growth
zones in six vein quartz samples from the Elatsite porphyry Cu deposit, Bulgaria, and four samples from the
Bingham deposit. Results appear to show a decrease in the δ18O of the mineralising fluid with progressive
crystal growth, taken to indicate the influx of isotopically lighter meteoric water with time. Fluid δ18O was
calculated based on an internal, previously unpublished quartz-water isotopic fractionation calibration
using temperatures from fluid inclusions. If the temperatures are correct, analyses representing the hottest
conditions (425-640oC) show, as might be expected, fluid 18O values (δ18OVSMOW = 6 to 8‰) in agreement
with a magmatic-dominant source. Similarly, analyses from later, lower temperature (145-380oC) growth
zones, show a much larger range of fluid 18O values (δ18OVSMOW = 0 to 6‰) in agreement with fresh to highly
evolved meteoric waters, evolved magmatic fluids and/or a mixed source. Cu deposition is thought to have
occurred either during the high temperature phase or between these two periods of high and low
temperature quartz growth. Thus, such results are, in fact, entirely consistent with ingress of meteoric water
following main-stage mineralisation and thermal collapse of the systems. They do not necessitate mixing
or dominance of meteoric water during release of magmatic fluids, when main-stage mineralisation, along
with potassic and much propylitic alteration, takes place. Other possible controls over the δ18O of the
alteration fluid, such as equilibration with country rocks and/or evolution of the magmatic system over
time are not considered. Further, given a lack of corresponding δD data, such interpretations will always
remain equivocal.
Carbon isotopes are another potentially useful tool for helping constrain the origin of propylitic alteration
fluid(s). Calcite from propylitically-altered rocks in the porphyry Cu-Mo Collahuasi district of Chile was
shown by Djouka-Fonkwé et al. (2012) to have elevated and distinct δ13C values compared to calcite from
background metamorphic assemblages, consistent with derivation of carbon from a magmatic source.
Similarly, the overall carbon content of propylitically-altered rocks was far higher than in surrounding
metamorphosed country rocks, implying metasomatic addition of carbon during propylitic alteration, as
also documented at Northparkes (Chapter 3). Also in Chile, Ramírez et al. (2006) conducted a carbon
isotope study of propylitic calcite from alteration surrounding the magmatic-hydrothermal, breccia-hosted
Mantos Blancos Cu deposit. Again, this indicated incorporation of magmatic/mantle-derived carbon
during propylitic alteration. Therefore, all available carbon isotope data strongly support the involvement
of magmatic fluids in generating propylitic alteration.
In review of the available data from both Northparkes and other porphyry-style deposits worldwide, it
would therefore appear that, contrary to the established paradigm, there are many lines of independent
evidence that can support the partial, if not always exclusive, involvement of magmatic fluids in propylitic
alteration. Indeed, at Northparkes, the propylitic domain cannot have been driven solely by convectively
circulating meteoric waters, and was probably dominated by spent magmatic-derived porphyry Cu ore
fluid as it progressively cooled and equilibrated with surrounding country rocks (Fig. 5.14). This is the
simplest way of simultaneously accounting for both the isotopic data and previously described
186
characteristics. The latter include: field relationships and timing relative to potassic alteration (Chapter 2),
systematic spatial variation in the concentration of elements (e.g. Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, As, Sb, V, Bi etc.) within
chlorite and/or epidote (Chapter 4), metasomatic gain of ore-related elements (e.g. Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, S, As
etc.) in samples of most intense propylitic alteration, and, the chemical/mineralogical gradients which
extend from deposit centres to the distal propylitic facies (Chapter 3).
5.9 C ONCLUSIONS
Magmatic-derived ore fluids were the principal
driver of propylitic alteration in the Northparkes
porphyry Cu-Au deposits, and the propylitic
domain cannot have formed by the action of
meteoric fluids alone. Consequently, the propylitic
facies is best interpreted as the cooler, distal
equivalent of the potassic alteration zones which it
encloses. Although minor seawater derived Sr
could have been incorporated into the propylitic
assemblage, seawater clearly did not form a
significant proportion of the hydrothermal system.
If meteoric water was involved, then it acted only
to dilute the magmatic fluids and did not affect the
hypogene dispersion of elements.
Review of isotopic evidence from other porphyry-

style deposits suggests that magmatic fluids are
routinely involved in propylitic alteration, where
they may, or may not, be diluted by meteoric
waters. This clearly challenges the assumed
dominance of meteoric fluids in the propylitic
Fig. 5.14 – Schematic cross section through a porphyry-style
domain, thus, going forward it is hoped the deposit, illustrating proposed fluid flow during
mineralisation based on results of this study, c.f. Fig. 5.1;
potentially significant contribution of magmatic modified after Seedorff et al. (2005). In this model magmatic
fluids to this alteration facies is better constrained fluids are the principal driver of propylitic alteration as they
further cool and equilibrate with country rocks upon
and considered. migration away from the potassic deposit core. As
documented at Northparkes (e.g. Chapter 2; Harris and
At Northparkes, potassic alteration was driven by a Golding, 2002) and several other deposits (e.g. Hedenquist et
al., 1998; Seedorff and Einaudi, 2004; Rusk et al., 2008)
magmatic fluid and took place at temperatures of prolonged flow of moderate temperature acidic magmatic
fluids may also generate zones of sericitic alteration that
up to ~700oC and persisted down to ~450oC, overprint, or feed into the propylitic zone. Note this model
accompanied by Cu-Au mineralisation. At least does not preclude later, post-mineralisation ingress of
meteoric waters and possible associated alteration following
some magmatic fluid infiltrated beyond the zone of thermal collapse of the magmatic-hydrothermal system.
187
potassic alteration and drove the development of the surrounding propylitic facies. Temperatures across
the propylitic facies decreased from ~450oC at the innermost transition with potassic alteration, and in
large veins through which heat was advected, outwards to ~250oC at distances of ~1.5 km from mineralised
thermal centres. Concomitant with this decrease in temperature and fluid flux was a systematic change in
the dominant propylitic alteration minerals from chlorite-sericite, through epidote-chlorite, to hematite-
albite.
It has been shown that both quartz-chlorite and quartz-epidote assemblages may provide useful oxygen
isotope geothermometry pairs and facilitate calculation of the δ18O of coexisting fluids in equilibrium. Ti in
chlorite also shows promise for development into an independent geothermometer given further specific
study. Presently however, only epidote is capable of providing reliable estimates of δD for coexisting fluids,
and is consequently the best suited mineral for tracing fluid sources; it may also permit Rb-Sr age dating of
alteration. The δD of chlorite was remarkably consistent across the innermost 1.8 km of the propylitic facies
at Northparkes, despite the proven existence of spatial trends in temperature and fluid chemistry; this
attests to the complex range of possible controls, or indeed the relatively temperature independent nature
of hydrogen fractionation in the chlorite-water system, which is still poorly understood.
188
6. THE NATURE OF PROPYLITIC ALTERATION IN PORPHYRY
ORE DEPOSITS
6.1 I NTRODUCTION
The principal questions addressed by this study were:
1) Are there spatial variations in propylitic alteration, in particular, are there any changes to the
mineralogy and alteration textures in relation to porphyry deposit centres, veins and other alteration
facies? What was the relative timing of propylitic alteration in relation to porphyry mineralisation?
These questions were answered by field-based characterisation of the Northparkes deposits in Chapter 2. It
was shown that the majority of propylitic alteration, particularly the intense examples, developed
synchronously with potassic alteration-mineralisation. The mineralogy and intensity of propylitic
alteration was further documented to vary systematically around both deposit centres and veins, and as a
function of host rock mineralogy and permeability.
2) What were the metasomatic effects of propylitic alteration? How are these effects linked to alteration
textures and mineralogy? How do the metasomatic effects of propylitic alteration compare to the effects
of other alteration facies? What geochemical changes are recorded in the alteration halos around veins?
These questions were answered by quantifying the bulk geochemical changes associated with alteration in
Chapter 3. Propylitic alteration at Northparkes was shown to be typically associated with net addition of Fe,
Mg, Ca, C, volatiles/LOI, Mn, Zn and Pb along with minor S, Cu, As and Co, and often accompanied by net loss
of Si, K, Na, Sr and Rb. Exact metasomatic effects were correlated with alteration intensity. Broadly, all
chemical changes were complementary, and often inverse, to those documented in the potassic and sericitic
facies - defining geochemical dispersion profiles and providing a link between alteration domains.
Geochemical changes associated with alteration halos around both propylitic (P1) and sericitic veins were
shown to closely match those observed on the deposit scale.
3) What type of epidote and chlorite group minerals are present in the propylitic facies? What trace
elements do they accommodate? Does their major and/or trace element geochemistry vary spatially?
What factors control the chemistry of these minerals? Does their chemistry help shed light on the fluids
responsible for propylitic alteration? Are any systematic spatial variations in mineral chemistry useful
during exploration? These questions were answered by a thorough SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS investigation
into the chemistry of epidote and chlorite at E48 in Chapter 4. Epidote and clinochlore were shown to be
the typical minerals, containing trace elements such as Mn, Zn, Pb, As, Sb and Bi among many others. The
concentrations of several major and trace elements in these minerals defined systematic spatial variations,
largely in relation to deposit centres, that appear to reflect hypogene dispersion. Such trends were shown
to be of potential value to explorationists when compared to traditional whole rock geochemical data.
4) What was the temperature gradient around the porphyry systems and across the propylitic alteration
zone? Was propylitic alteration driven entirely by heated, convectively circulating meteoric waters?
Did magmatic fluids contribute to propylitic alteration? Did seawater contribute to alteration at
Northparkes? These questions were answered by an O, H and Sr isotopic study of alteration in Chapter 5. It
was shown that temperatures may have reached ~700oC in the magmatic cores of the porphyry deposits,
and decreased from ~450 oC to <250 oC outward across the propylitic facies. Results indicated that heated
meteoric waters alone were incapable of generating the propylitic domain, and that magmatic fluids must
have contributed to the zone. Seawater, if present, was not a significant component of the alteration
system.
189
Although in many ways stand-alone investigations utilising different techniques, all results have ultimately
corroborated one another and led to the same conclusion. Taken collectively, results provide robust
evidence to suggest that magmatic-derived porphyry ore fluids dominated in the potassic and propylitic
alteration facies at Northparkes, with temperature a master variable controlling fluid properties (including
pH) and therefore alteration and mineral geochemistry.
Here, the major results and interpretations from previous chapters are combined into an overall genetic
model for alteration at Northparkes (Fig. 6.1). The applicability of this model to other porphyry deposits
and the implications for fluid flow in porphyry magmatic-hydrothermal systems is then considered.
6.2 N ORTHPARKES : A SIMPLIFIED GENETIC MODEL

6.2.1 Setting
The Northparkes district was clearly a long-lived focus of magmatic activity (Chapter 2). Extensive island-
arc volcanism occurred throughout the Ordovician, recording an evolution toward increasingly more felsic
and shoshonitic magmatism, occasionally punctuated by the intrusion of trachyandesite sills (Simpson et
al., 2005; sections 2.2, 2.5). The onset of plutonic activity was marked by the intrusion of the BQM-AFG
pluton in the Late Ordovician to Early Silurian (Lickfold et al., 2003, 2007; section 2.7), likely leading to
expulsion of any pre-existing formation waters (meteoric or seawater) out of the surrounding country rocks
and producing an immediate zone of biotite-magnetite hornfels. The magma reservoir represented by this
intrusion appears to have been periodically rejuvenated by injection of more mafic melts, probably
bolstering its metal and volatile contents (Lickfold et al., 2007; sections 2.5.2, 2.4.2). Later intrusions were
progressively more hydrous (section 2.4.2), first marked by the QMZ and ultimately culminating in the
various quartz monzonite porphyries.
6.2.2 Potassic alteration and mineralisation

Rather than magmatic intrusions sensu-stricto, the crystal-crowded nature of many of the quartz monzonite
porphyries, together with textures that imply their low-viscosity behaviour (sections 2.4.2-3), suggest that
the porphyry intrusions at Northparkes are perhaps better considered as crystal-bearing, silicate melt-
aqueous fluid slurries (R. Armstrong, 2015, pers. comm.). These were emplaced into the shallow crust,
probably within the depth range of 1-5 km (Lickfold et al., 2003; Heithersay and Walshe, 1995; calculations
in section 2.8). Consideration of the composition of the magmas and constraints from oxygen isotope
geothermometry (section 5.5) indicate these complex mixtures were probably emplaced at temperatures
>700oC. The abundance of anhydrite, particularly at E26 and GRP314 (section 2.6), and its presence as
magmatic phenocrysts (Lickfold et al., 2003) attests to highly oxidised conditions.
The pressurised discharge of magmatic aqueous fluids generated zones of hydrofracturing around the
margins and apices of the porphyry bodies. Based on the results of mass balance calculations (Chapter 3),
the magmatic fluid must have contained, to a greater or lesser extent, Na, Ca, K, Si, Al, Mg, Mn, Cu, Au, Mo,
Zn, Pb, Se, W, Ga and Rb in solution along with S, C and appropriate ligands, particularly Cl. The reaction of
190
this fluid with surrounding country rocks produced a zone of potassic alteration in which secondary quartz,
K-feldspar, biotite and disseminated sulphides were developed at the expense of abundant primary
plagioclase and magnetite in most rocks (section 2.6.2). A significant proportion of the dissolved Si, S, Cu
and Au was also precipitated directly into the fracture network, producing the quartz-sulphide stockwork
veins, sudden pressure release during fracturing may also have promoted rapid precipitation of quartz (e.g.
Rimstidt, 1997). Consequently, K, Al, Si, S, Cu and Au were lost from solution (i.e. bulk added to the rock, Fig.
6.1) along with minor Rb, Ga, Mo, Se and W; although Mo may have formed trace molybdenite, these other
minor elements were probably variously accommodated by substitution into the major silicate and sulphide
minerals (see discussion in section 3.6.3). Fe, Ca and Mn were typically leached into solution as plagioclase
and magnetite were destroyed and primary biotite was recrystallised (sections 2.6.2, 3.4.1, Fig. 6.1).
Results of oxygen isotope geothermometry indicate that the highest temperatures for the initial potassic
alteration were in the region of 600-700oC based on quartz-magnetite assemblages (section 5.5). Fluid
inclusion studies indicate that Cu-sulphide precipitation probably occurred in the main stockwork veins in
the range of ~500oC (Lickfold et al., 2003) to ~600oC (Heithersay and Walshe, 1995).
6.2.3 Magnetite ± biotite alteration

On the periphery of this fractured zone, magmatic fluid flow probably became more restricted. Based on
the thermal profile constructed from oxygen isotope geothermometry (Fig. 5.7, Fig. 6.1, section 5.5),
temperatures were ~500oC. Fluid pH began to decrease due to the onset of dissociation of acidic species
such as H2SO4 and HCl (e.g. Giggenbach, 1992; Rye, 1993; Reed et al., 2013) leading to weak sericite-quartz
alteration of plagioclase. Although K-feldspar was no longer formed under these conditions, minor biotite
was still developed and the clearly oxidised environment and Fe budget of the fluid permitted formation
of much disseminated magnetite (Fig. 6.1; section 2.6.3). Most of the original Cu and Au budget of the fluid
was deposited by this point. However, the net chemical effect of this alteration on the fluid was still similar
to within the system centre, with continued addition of K, Al and Si to the rock and leaching of Ca during
quartz-sericite replacement of plagioclase (Fig. 6.1; section 3.5.2). Mass transfer calculations also show that
Fe was either broadly conserved or lost from solution at this stage to magnetite.
6.2.4 Propylitic alteration

Magmatic fluid continued to migrate outwards, exploiting zones of pre-existing permeability as it was
expelled away from the thermal centres. Further cooling into the temperature range of ~400-450oC
(section 5.5) appears to correspond to the most acidic fluid pH. Magnetite and biotite were no longer
developed and, as fluid flow was increasingly focused along fractures in otherwise relatively impermeable
rocks, chlorite and phengitic sericite became dominant, accompanied by minor pyrite and rare sphalerite,
defining the P1 propylitic veins (section 2.6.4). This assemblage is essentially transitional between sericitic
and propylitic, appearing to record prolonged fluid flow during which acidity was neutralised by wall rock
interaction. P1 veins seem to have acted as important conduits, supplying the magmatic fluid responsible
for propylitic alteration into distal portions of the system (e.g. Fig. 2.18, Fig. 6.1).
191
192
Fig. 6.1, opposite – Proposed genetic model for propylitic alteration at Northparkes, summarising the key results of
Chapters 2-5. (a) schematic illustrating the spatial relationship between propylitic veins and a porphyry intrusive complex,
as well as the envisaged flow paths of magmatic fluids (see also Fig. 2.18); (b) the general distribution and abundance of
alteration minerals across the traverse indicated in (a); (c) the temperature gradient that probably existed across this
traverse (based on the results of oxygen isotope geothermometry - see section 5.5) and the inferred evolution of alteration
fluid pH (see discussion in sections 3.6, 4.6 and 6.3); (d) summary of the metasomatic effects of alteration across the traverse
indicated in (a), based on results of mass balance calculations (see section 3.6). Each line shows the spatial changes in the
metasomatic behaviour of a particular element, effectively defining their dispersion in the system. However, in order to
create the figure, each element had to be plotted at its own unique scale. Consequently, the magnitude of gain/loss for one
element cannot be directly compared to another in this plot. (e-f) summary of the spatial, compositional trends in the
mineral chemistry of chlorite and epidote respectively across the traverse in (a). Each line shows the relative change in the
concentration of a particular element within each mineral, based on the E48 dataset investigated in Chapter 4. Note, as for
(d), in order to produce these figures, each element was plotted at its own scale and hence these plots cannot be used to
compare the absolute concentrations of different elements.
In the highly permeable and reactive mafic volcaniclastic units, fluid flow was far less focused and large
veins are rarer. Correspondingly, in these rocks, the transition into propylitic alteration from magnetite-
biotite alteration is marked simply by the loss of magnetite and gain of chlorite and epidote with only
minor phengitic sericite.
The change from a magnetite-biotite to chlorite-sericite-epidote assemblage not only reflected a decrease
in temperature but also the tipping point from dominant Si-K-Al metasomatism with Ca leaching, to
dominant Fe-Mg-Ca metasomatism (Fig. 6.1, Chapter 3). Mn, Zn, Pb and C, along with minor As and Co,
either present in the fluid from its inception and/or leached during prior potassic alteration, were also
added from this point outwards, as their aqueous complexes began to destabilise (section 3.5.3). Although
some Zn and Pb may have formed trace sulphides, Mn, Zn and Pb were also all accommodated, to a varying
extent, in epidote and/or chlorite (Chapter 4). C was precipitated exclusively as calcite, and As and Co
probably substituted into pyrite (e.g. Gregory et al., 2015; section 4.6.3).
The most intense propylitic alteration, comprising chlorite-sericite-epidote-pyrite, was developed

immediately adjacent to the P1 veins and in the deposit-proximal portions of permeable volcanic units
(Chapter 2). Epidote and chlorite in these settings incorporated relatively high concentrations of Ti, Mn and
Zn; epidote also accommodated some Bi, V, Pb, As and Sb (Chapter 4). In such intensely altered zones, Na
and Sr were leached from the rock during replacement of plagioclase by epidote and chlorite; K-feldspar
was also destroyed and often entirely chloritised, but rather than being leached, K appears to have been
accommodated in patches of phengitic sericite (section 3.5.3).
With further outward infiltration of fluids, away from mineralised centres and P1 veins, phengitic sericite
was no longer formed and the principal alteration minerals developed were epidote and chlorite,
accompanied by calcite and hematite. These changes indicate a transition into neutral fluid conditions and
a reduction in the observed abundance of pyrite suggests S2 also steadily decreased (e.g. sections 3.6.3,
4.6, Fig. 6.1). Oxygen isotope geothermometry results indicate that temperatures also decreased across the
propylitic zone from ~450oC to <250oC. The abundance of epidote appears to have been correlated with
193
the ambient temperature but was inversely correlated with the abundance of primary K-feldspar, which,
unlike plagioclase, was mostly unreactive under these conditions and thus could not be replaced. As the
fluid flux decreased outward, so too did the intensity of alteration and the quantity and size of veins, with
a transition to common P2 veins and eventually to simple P3 veinlets. On the periphery of more intense
areas of propylitic alteration and/or vein halos, secondary albite can be abundant, marking the re-addition
of previously leached Na. Despite some Sr being accommodated in epidote, in bulk rock terms it was still
shown to have been leached during all examples of propylitic alteration at Northparkes (Fig. 6.1, Chapter 3).
Propylitic alteration can therefore be considered to represent the progressive chemical equilibration of a
magmatic fluid with the surrounding rock, once it had formed the central ore system and potassic
alteration zone (sections 3.6.3, 4.6). Its reserves of contained Fe, Mg, Ca, C, Mn, Zn and Pb were continually
depleted during reaction with host rocks across the zone, along with minor remaining Cu, S and K until
they were either totally depleted or in equilibrium with the host rocks. Na was mobilised outwards within
the facies, being reprecipitated in albite at the edges of the more intensely altered domains (Fig. 6.1). The
proportion of metasomatically added elements usually declines fairly systematically with increasing
distance from areas of focused fluid flow. However, Mn and Zn (along with minor Pb) were more rapidly
lost from the fluid over only a short distance interval, corresponding to temperatures in the range of 350-
400oC (Fig. 6.1). To some extent this rapid precipitation may reflect both temperature decrease and acid
neutralisation (e.g. Kouzmanov and Pokrovski, 2012; section 4.6.7). Consequently, these elements define a
halo of elevated concentrations, both in the bulk rock, and as components in epidote and chlorite (Fig. 6.1,
sections 4.4.4, 4.5.4). Where accommodated in chlorite, Mn and Zn effectively out-competed V and Ni for
space within its structure, resulting in a parallel decrease in these elements (Fig. 6.1, sections 4.4.4, 4.6.3).
Despite a relatively low abundance of pyrite in most of the propylitic zone, it still appears to have remained
an efficient sink for any available Cu, with no appreciable Cu being hosted in all but the most deposit-distal
chlorite (Fig. 6.1, sections 4.4.4, 4.6.3, 4.6.8).
6.2.5 Sericitic veins

At E26 and GRP314, continued magmatic activity led to the emplacement of late-mineralisation QMP
bodies, which facilitated discharge of further magmatic fluids. In comparison to the main-stage
mineralisation event described above, fluids were volumetrically minor and, although forcibly emplaced,
exploited pre-existing structures to generate hydrothermally-cemented vein breccias as opposed to
intricate stockworks (sections 2.4, 2.6). Quartz and/or anhydrite with accompanying variable quantities of
chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite and magnetite were precipitated as breccia cement/vein fill. Cooling of
this fluid against wall rocks probably led to rapid, strong acidification, evidenced by the development of
extensive zones of intense quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration, defining the sericitic veins (section 2.6.6).
At high ambient temperatures, close to magmatic centres, the continued outwards infiltration of this late
fluid led to the development of a vein-distal fringe of K-feldspar and biotite alteration. However, the
majority of sericitic veins appear to have efficiently channelled the fluid into more deposit-distal locations.
194
Here, host rocks were cooler and infiltration of the fluid away from vein centres, although still generating
an inner zone of quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration, led to the production of outer subzones of chlorite-
sericite, chlorite and eventually chlorite-epidote-hematite-albite alteration (section 2.6.6). Thus, over the
scale of just 10s of centimetres, these vein halos exhibit the same alteration zonation observed around the
Northparkes deposits in general. The geochemical dispersion reflected by such zoned alteration halos is
also similar to that observed on the deposit scale. Vein-proximal sericitic alteration marks the initial fluid
cooling and its acidic attack of the wall rock, a process through which the fluid was neutralised, while K, Al,
Si, S, Cu and Mo were metasomatically added. Simultaneously, Na, Ca, Fe, Mg, Sr and Mn were leached into
solution, as primary mafic minerals and feldspars were destroyed (section 3.5.4). The transition into chlorite
and an eventual chlorite-epidote-hematite-albite assemblage was driven by the outwards re-distribution
of these leached elements once the fluid was neutral and as temperature presumably continued to
decrease. Notably, the fluid must have originally contained elevated Mn, Zn and Pb, because the
metasomatic gain of these elements in the chlorite subzone far outweighs earlier losses by leaching in the
sericitic subzone. Thus, geochemical halos of elevated Zn, Mn and Pb developed around these veins are,
once again, exactly as observed around the Northparkes deposits in general. Therefore, the scale invariance
of the alteration sequence strongly supports a progressive alteration model for all alteration domains at
Northparkes and the nature of the metasomatic additions strongly support this being driven by a single,
evolving magmatic fluid.
6.3 A SINGLE MAGMATIC FLUID?

The genetic model described above is clearly only feasible if a singular magmatic fluid is capable of
producing the observed alteration domains. There is no question that a magmatic-derived fluid exclusively
generated the late sericitic veins: they show a direct spatial and temporal link with QMP intrusions, contain
ore sulphides and the O- and H-isotopic composition of sericite which encloses the veins is consistent with
a magmatic origin (Harris and Golding, 2002). At the deposit scale, the observed mineralogical changes
and geochemical dispersion of elements (with transition from potassic to propylitic alteration) have been
shown to be mostly identical to those developed around the sericitic veins (Chapters 2-3). Ore-related
elements also reside within epidote and chlorite, with their abundance defining hypogene dispersion
profiles (Chapter 4). Meanwhile, the calculated isotopic composition of the propylitic alteration fluid is
readily explained by a magmatic-dominated source (Chapter 5).
On an empirical basis, it therefore appears possible to derive at least potassic, sericitic and propylitic
alteration assemblages entirely from a single magmatic fluid by scale-independent physicochemical
processes. Known relationships between alteration minerals and alteration fluid conditions, notably
temperature and pH, suggest the main process is straightforward cooling (Fig. 6.2). Direct cooling of a
magmatic fluid would lead to the simple progression from a potassic biotite, K-feldspar and magnetite
assemblage, through a zone of epidote- and actinolite-dominated propylitic alteration, out into a chlorite-
epidote-albite propylitic assemblage (dashed line in Fig. 6.2). Combined with an outward decrease in the
195
abundance of sulphides, probably as the S budget of the
alteration fluid is progressively depleted, this would
easily account for the alteration model of Holliday and
Cooke (2007), which implies these mineralogical
transitions are common around porphyry deposits.
At Northparkes, however, the observed mineralogical

transitions in low permeability monzonitic rocks are
often slightly different, and actinolite is usually absent. As
detailed in Chapter 2, a potassic biotite, K-feldspar and
magnetite assemblage grades through a zone of
chlorite-sericite-quartz ± pyrite ± epidote alteration
(developed around P1 veins) out into a zone of epidote-
chlorite-calcite and eventually a chlorite-epidote-albite-
hematite propylitic assemblage (with P2 and P3 veins). A
similar mineralogical transition is also observed around
the sericitic veins. This suggests an initially neutral fluid
that, during continuous cooling, gradually acidifies and is
then more rapidly neutralised by reaction with host rocks
(solid line in Fig. 6.2). The ultimate degree of acidity Fig. 6.2 – Diagrammatic representation of the
temperature and pH dependence of mineral
reached and extent of associated sericitic, and possibly assemblages developed in hydrothermal systems
argillic alteration is probably controlled by both the initial (restricted to illite, chlorite and calc-silicate groups
only). Arrows represent two possible cooling paths
abundance of aqueous SO2 and HCl, how much of this is for initial porphyry magmatic fluids, as discussed in
text. Adapted from Corbett and Leach (1998).
lost during fluid evolution, the nature of the fluid
Minerals: Ab = albite; Act = actinolite; Adl = adularia;
pathway and the reactivity of the host rocks. Alteration Bt = biotite; Cal = calcite; Cb = general carbonate;
Chl = chlorite; Cpx = clinopyroxene; Crn =
intensity will also be controlled to some extent by the flux corundum; dol = dolomite; Epi = epidote; Fsp =
and timescale of fluid flow. feldspar; Grt = garnet, Ilt = illite; Mag = magnetite;
Qtz = quartz; Ser = sericite; Tr = tremolite; Ves =
vesuvianite; Wo = wollastonite; Zeo = zeolites.
An evolutionary model of this kind, based on reactive
transport modelling, was proposed by Reed et al. (2013), who demonstrated that a magmatic fluid,
progressively reacting with a granite during cooling from 600oC to 200oC is readily capable of generating
potassic, argillic, sericitic and propylitic alteration assemblages. Their modelling was constrained by field
observations of the giant Butte porphyry Cu deposit (Montana, USA). Notably, documented quartz-pyrite
± chalcopyrite ± magnetite veins at Butte, variously surrounded by dark to light green envelopes of
chlorite-sericite-quartz with minor, vein-distal epidote, are identical to the sericitic veins described here for
Northparkes (c.f. Fig. 2.20c-o with Fig. 4b,c,e,f of Reed et al., 2013). Photographs of these veins at Butte also
appear to show the characteristic vein-distal hematite reddening of feldspar as seen at Northparkes.
Further, the propylitic facies at Butte is reported to contain trace sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sericite
and K-feldspar, again similar to Northparkes.
196
Therefore, despite the Butte deposit being of strikingly different age (~64 Ma; Lund et al., 2002), size,
magmatic affinity and probably emplacement depth, hydrothermal alteration was in many ways
analogous with the Northparkes deposits. Consequently, this modelling shows that it is theoretically
possible to account for the propylitic domain by the outward percolation of a magmatic fluid and that
meteoric or formation water involvement is not required, as has been argued for Northparkes based on
the data presented in previous chapters. The significant contrast in geological settings between Butte and
Northparkes suggests this alteration process is rather insensitive to many geological parameters so could
well be generally applicable to the majority of porphyry deposits.
6.4 E VIDENCE FROM ELSEWHERE

Although the propylitic domain has historically been thought of as isochemical (e.g. Meyer and Hemley, 1967;
see review in section 1.3), as shown in Chapter 3, this was certainly not the case at Northparkes and, wherever
it has been investigated elsewhere, metasomatic effects have also been demonstrated. Although more
limited in their scope, mass balance studies at the Darrehzar and Maher-Abad Cu(-Au) deposits (Iran) and the
Bajo de la Alumbrera Cu-Au deposit (Argentina) demonstrated that propylitic alteration was associated
with consistent gain of C, LOI, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and in most cases Mg, together with net loss of K, Na, Si and
Rb (Ulrich and Heinrich, 2002; Derakhshani and Abdolzadeh, 2009; Siahcheshm et al., 2014). This is perhaps
unsurprising given the consistent zonation of base metals, observed as halos of enrichment in (Mn-)Zn-Pb
surrounding Cu orebodies, in which the (Mn-)Zn-Pb halo is typically spatially coincident with propylitic
alteration (e.g. Emmons, 1927; Jerome, 1966; Cox et al., 1975; Carson et al., 1976; John, 1978; Chaffee, 1982;
Jones, 1992; Zaluski et al., 1994; Heithersay and Walshe, 1995; Kouzmanov and Pokrovski, 2012).
Similarly, the systematic behaviour of Mn in chlorite, producing a chlorite-Mn halo around deposits, is a
relatively long standing observation, including at the North Silver Bell porphyry Cu deposit (Arizona, USA;
Ballantyne, 1981) and in the Southwest Tintic district (Utah, USA; Norman et al. 1991). The ability for chlorite
chemistry to record the physical conditions under which it formed has also been used to develop chlorite
geothermometers (e.g. Cathelineau and Nieva, 1985; de Caritat et al., 1993). Yet, only with recent interest
in the use of epidote and chlorite mineral chemistry as an exploration tool have these minerals been more
thoroughly investigated and documented in the propylitic facies. Mineral chemistry trends, mostly similar
to those defined for Northparkes in Chapter 4, have now been documented within chlorite at the Batu
Hijau porphyry Cu-Au deposit (Indonesia; Wilkinson et al., 2015) and within epidote around the various
porphyry and skarn occurrences of the Baguio district (Philippines; Cooke et al. 2014a).
Consequently, the geochemical characteristics documented in this study for propylitic alteration at
Northparkes appear non-unique and are probably typical features of porphyry-style deposits, albeit under-
represented in the literature. Further, as highlighted throughout, such apparent systematic, hypogene
dispersion of ore-related elements across the propylitic zone, and their incorporation directly within
propylitic alteration minerals is strong evidence that magmatic fluids are routinely involved in propylitic
alteration around porphyry deposits.
197
In Chapter 5 it was shown, based on O- and H-isotopic evidence, that the inflow of heating meteoric waters
toward porphyry thermal centres, as frequently envisaged (e.g. Proffett, 2003; Seedorff et al., 2005; Yang et
al., 2009; Sillitoe, 2010; Halley et al., 2015; Fekete et al., 2016), could not have generated propylitic alteration
at Northparkes. A magmatic contribution to the propylitic domain was necessitated by the data. In the
review of Chapter 5 (section 5.8), it was further shown that stable isotope data from the propylitic facies at
several other porphyry deposits are either limited/inconclusive (Dilles et al., 1992; Parsapoor et al., 2014;
Fekete et al., 2016), or consistent with the involvement of a magmatic fluid component in the domain
(Ballantyne, 1981; Bowman et al., 1987; Norman et al., 1991; Zaluski et al., 1994). Isotopic investigations
have also demonstrated that magmatically-derived C was added during propylitic alteration in the
porphyry Cu-Mo Collahuasi district (Chile; Djouka-Fonkwé et al., 2012) and around the Mantos Blancos Cu
deposit (Chile; Ramírez et al., 2006).
Fluid inclusion constraints on the origin of propylitic alteration are limited. Homogenisation temperatures
broadly indicate formation in the range of 450-150oC (section 5.5.1), in excellent agreement with observed
stable mineral assemblages and results of oxygen isotope and chlorite geothermometry (Chapter 5).
Halite-bearing fluid inclusions, although only rarely reported, usually have salinities of ~40 wt. % NaCl
equivalent (Bodnar et al., 2014). More typically, documented salinity is variable and within the range of 0-
30 wt. % NaCl equivalent (Bodnar et al., 2014). Values of ~33 wt. % are reported for propylitic veins at
Bingham (Bowman et al., 1987), ~5-22 wt. % at Mantos Blancos (Ramírez et al., 2006), 0-7 wt. % at Southwest
Tintic (Norman et al., 1991), 1-20 wt. % at the Chah-Firuzeh Cu deposit of Iran (Iran, Hezarkhani, 2009) and
0-5 wt. % in distal propylitic fluids from El Teniente (Chile, J.J. Wilkinson, 2014, pers. comm.). Kendrick et al.
(2001) studied the noble gas (Ar, Kr, Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br, I) chemistry of both potassic and propylitic
fluid inclusions from the Bingham Cu-Au-Mo deposit (Utah, USA) and several other porphyry Cu deposits
in Arizona, USA. Results were largely inconclusive in that fluids from both alteration facies in all deposits
were thought to be a mixture of meteoric water, magmatic water and air. However, Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios
from the majority of propylitic inclusions strongly suggested that fluid salinity was of a juvenile magmatic
origin.
In contrast to isotopic data, where the extent of possible mixing between magmatic and meteoric fluids in
the propylitic facies is challenging to constrain, the large and variable range in the salinity of reported
propylitic fluid inclusions strongly indicates that such mixing did occur, at least in those deposits studied.
Nevertheless, the very fact that salinities of propylitic fluid inclusions routinely reach 15-30 wt. % NaCl
equivalent and may contain magmatically-sourced halogens, once again strongly suggests the input of
magmatic fluids into the domain.
It therefore appears that magmatic fluids are routinely a component in propylitic alteration at many
porphyry-style deposits and the genetic model developed here for Northparkes and similarly proposed for
Butte by Reed et al. (2013) is potentially of widespread applicability.
198
6.5 F LUID FLOW IN PORPHYRY MAGMATIC- HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS
Naturally, the flow of magmatic and meteoric fluids in and around porphyry deposits cannot be directly
observed. However, in addition to studies which attempt to trace the role of causative fluids in natural
systems, numerical flow modelling has also been applied to the porphyry and magmatic-driven
geothermal environment. Such approaches attempt to predict the behaviour and flow paths of various
fluid types, taking into account such features as variable permeability and phase changes in the H2O-NaCl
system.
Pioneering in this field was the work of Cathles (1977) and Norton and Knight (1977), who produced
numerical models of fluid flow around cooling plutonic bodies emplaced within the shallow (<10 km deep)
crust. Results indicated that large-scale convection cells are established upon pluton emplacement, driving
circulation of cool meteoric waters through the periphery and margins of intrusions and adjacent country
rock. This added credibility, at the time, to the concept that meteoric waters dominate in porphyry systems,
a suggestion based on early O- and H-isotope investigations (Sheppard et al., 1971; Taylor, 1974). However,
it is important to highlight the shortcomings of such early models, which in many respects were far from
geologically realistic. This was mostly owing to the lack of suitable equations and computational power
necessary to represent the real world complexity of the systems (e.g. Ingebritsen et al., 2010). Notably these
2D models assumed continuous steady state fluid flow, driven solely by lateral variations in buoyancy as a
consequence of heating. Even more significantly, permeability was assumed constant through time, equal
in all lithologies and in all directions (isotropic). These boundary conditions effectively force convection
and allow free movement of fluid through the pluton. Further, hot plutons were introduced directly into
water-saturated host rocks, and the possible effects of fluid boiling/phase separation were either ignored
or simplified.
Although subsequent modelling studies still demonstrate the convective circulation of peripheral
meteoric water, its role is now reduced. Flow is focused toward the top of systems (where permeability is
highest) and, in addition to buoyancy, is considered to be controlled by permeability changes and thermal
pressurisation (e.g. Driesner and Geiger, 2007; Ingebritsen et al., 2010; Weis, 2015).
Weis et al. (2012) and Weis (2015), in perhaps the most realistic modelling of porphyry ore systems to date,
have highlighted the importance of dynamic changes in permeability. In these models, a ‘plume’ of
dominantly upwards-infiltrating magmatic fluid is established above the point of discharge, assumed to
be a porphyry intrusion. In the core of this plume, magmatic fluids remain near lithostatically pressured.
This is owing to high temperatures, above the brittle-ductile transition, maintaining a relatively low-
permeability environment into which magmatic fluids are continuously supplied at the plume base. In
contrast, the meteoric waters that surround the plume are subject only to hydrostatic pressure conditions,
and their convective circulation acts to strip heat away from it. Critically, these models demonstrate the
formation of a transient zone of especially low permeability on the margins of the plume, developed as a
199
natural response to the opposing meteoric and magmatic fluid pressure regimes. Such a permeability
boundary effectively prevents any significant mixing between these fluids and prohibits the lateral
infiltration of magmatic fluids. In this way the dominance of magmatic fluids in the core of the alteration
system is readily accounted for. However, this permeability boundary is thought to correspond to
temperatures in the range of 300-500oC, matching the brittle-ductile transition. Based on observed mineral
assemblages, geothermometry and fluid inclusions at Northparkes and/or elsewhere (see review in section
5.5), propylitic alteration clearly occurs at temperatures outside this temperature range (decreasing
outward from ~400oC to ~200 oC across the facies) and thus would straddle any such permeability
boundary. Therefore, the evidence accumulated in this thesis, as well as the evidence from several other
porphyry-style deposits (section 6.4), that strongly indicates the input of magmatic fluids into the propylitic
facies, is at odds with these models.
The discrepancy most likely arises from the assumptions in the models that the country rocks into which
porphyry bodies are emplaced are water-saturated and of isotropic permeability. Further, the models
remain in 2D only and fluid is released from a fixed depth over a fixed 600 m wide zone. The reality -
extreme anisotropy of permeability with fluids discharged episodically at different depths into faulted and
variably saturated rocks – may drastically alter the results of such models and facilitate far more significant
lateral infiltration of magmatic fluids. Indeed, this is demanded by the data and field observations reported
in this thesis. Thus, current flow models do not account for geological observations and still require
significant future refinement to adequately predict the behaviour of real-world natural systems.
Modelling work by Scott et al. (2015) has considered the flow of meteoric water around plutonic igneous
bodies where no magmatic-derived fluid is released. Results suggest that in the first few hundred years,
heated meteoric water is focused directly above the pluton, but that eventually, after a few thousand years,
flow becomes focused along and around its sides instead. As porphyry intrusions usually occur on the tops
and shoulders of cupolas to such plutons, the magmatic-hydrothermal system(s) are developed in areas
where the flow of meteoric fluids has probably already largely diminished, and they would continue to be
shielded from meteoric waters by the underlying plutonic body. Although the accuracy of the model is
again questionable, as isotropic permeability is assumed, it highlights the potentially significant effect that
larger plutonic masses, which underlie many porphyry deposits, may have on the flow of fluids around
them, both prior to and during porphyry mineralisation.
By combining insights from the models of Scott et al. (2015), Weis et al. (2012) and Weis (2015), with the
knowledge that magmatic fluids infiltrate significant distances laterally into the propylitic alteration zone,
it is possible to envisage the broad temporal evolution of fluid flow in a simplified porphyry system (Fig.
6.3). Initially, a plutonic body (parental to later porphyry intrusions) is emplaced at depths of 5-7 km, baking
immediately adjacent country rock into a contact hornfels, and possibly resulting in a zone of albite or
biotite-magnetite alteration (e.g. Northparkes, Chapter 2; El Teniente, Cannell, 2004). Meteoric fluids
200
residing in the country rock begin to be expelled
directly above the pluton, where most heat flux
occurs. Convection starts to develop around the
pluton and any downwards infiltrating meteoric
water is diverted away from the heat source (Fig.
6.3a). In time, the pluton cools progressively
inwards. Despite this, the temperature of country
rocks directly above it continues to rise through
conduction, as cooling meteoric fluids cannot
readily infiltrate and cool the area from below. In
contrast, significant convective flux occurs on the
margins of the pluton, cooling its sides faster; this
flow may also help channel meteoric water away
from the centre of the system (Fig. 6.3b).
Ultimately, porphyry bodies are emplaced,
penetrating through the now crystalline upper
portions of the pluton into pre-heated, higher
crustal levels from which much meteoric water
has already been expelled. Convective
circulation of meteoric waters on the sides of the
pluton continues, and will advance inwards over
time toward the porphyry intrusions, however,
the majority of this flow is still focused away from
them. Further, the relatively impermeable nature
of the crystalline plutonic body helps prevent a
significant flux of meteoric fluid beneath the
level of the porphyry intrusions (Fig. 6.3c).
Magmatic fluids escape mostly through and
around the porphyry bodies, across a large depth
interval. Although many magmatic fluids may
primarily flow upwards given their initial thermal
buoyancy, some magmatic fluids inevitably
Fig. 6.3 – Schematic diagrams showing the envisaged
exploit permeable horizons and structures,
temporal evolution of fluid flow in and around a hypothetical
ultimately being channelled laterally as well as porphyry system. (a) initial emplacement of precursor parental
pluton; (b) development of strong convection on the side of the
vertically. If a saline brine is condensed in the pluton while meteoric waters are expelled from above it; (c)
system centre, then even at high temperatures, it porphyry intrusion, magmatic fluid escape and establishment
of magmatic-hydrothermal system, during main-stage
will remain negatively buoyant as a consequence mineralisation and alteration.
201
its relatively high density (>1 g/cm3, e.g. Rusk et al., 2008). As such it might be expected to infiltrate laterally
and downwards into the country rocks, also exploiting areas of pre-existing permeability.
Magmatic fluids, cooling during infiltration, generate the potassic and surrounding propylitic alteration
zones. Mixing between meteoric and magmatic fluids is probably restricted to the outer and upper edge
of the propylitic domain. Sericitic alteration is developed within areas subject to the prolonged flow of
moderate temperature fluids, again mostly of magmatic origin but potentially with a meteoric component.
Argillic and advanced argillic alteration occurs in the near surface environment, above areas of most
intense magmatic fluid focus (particularly vapours).
6.6 C ONCLUSIONS
Magmatic fluids have been shown, both by empirical evidence and thermodynamic modelling, to be more
than capable of generating not only the potassic but also sericitic, argillic and propylitic alteration facies in
porphyry systems. The progression from potassic, occasionally through sericitic, into propylitic alteration
is scale-independent. This entire alteration zonation can be driven purely by the cooling and reduction in
S2 of a primary magmatic fluid, along with any associated pH changes, as it progressively interacts with
host rocks on the scale of one fracture or, multiplied across several fractures and intergranular permeability
into a large body of altered rock. Such a model is the simplest way of accounting for the hypogene
geochemical dispersion trends observed in whole rock and epidote-chlorite mineral chemistry at
Northparkes, while simultaneously explaining the O-, H- and Sr-isotopic data. Similar geochemical
dispersion profiles, and in some cases isotopic evidence from other porphyry-style deposits worldwide,
also strongly suggests magmatic fluids may drive propylitic alteration in most systems, thus the concept is
unlikely to be unique to Northparkes. Mixing between magmatic and meteoric fluids may occur in the
propylitic zone, but the effect of the latter can only be to dilute the magmatic fluids that must be
responsible for the geochemical dispersion of elements across the facies.
Fluid flow models, although overwhelmingly supporting the convective circulation of meteoric water
around porphyry deposits, by no means preclude the outwards infiltration of magmatic fluids into the
propylitic zone. Lateral migration of magmatic fluids would only be further encouraged by the distinctly
anisotropic nature of country rocks and pre-existing structures which characterise real world systems.
Insights from recent numerical models demonstrate that underlying parental plutons may help ‘shield’
subsequently developed porphyry deposits from a significant flux of meteoric water. Equally, dynamic
changes in permeability, both spatially and temporally during the evolution of the system, are likely to be
important in how flow patterns evolve, with complex, coupled relationships between temperature and
fluid properties. Meteoric fluid influx could be strongly controlled on a case-by-case basis by the
hydrological setting (e.g. climate, topography, emplacement depth) and nature of the country rock
sequence. However, in light of the available evidence and consistent nature of propylitic alteration in all
deposits, its contribution does not appear to be critical to the development of this facies.
202
7. REFERENCES
Aguirre, L. 1988. Chemical mobility during low-grade metamorphism of a Jurassic lava flow: Río Grande
Formation, Peru. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 1: 343-61.
Ahn, J.H. and Peacor, D.R. 1985. Transmission electron microscopic study of diagenetic chlorite in Gulf Coast
argillaceous sediments. Clays and Clay Minerals 33: 228-36.
Alderton, D.H.M., Pearce, J.A. and Potts, P.J. 1980. Rare earth element mobility during granite alteration:
Evidence from southwest England. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 49: 149-65.
Anderson, A.T., Clayton, R.N. and Mayeda, T.K. 1971. Oxygen Isotope Thermometry of Mafic Igneous Rocks.
The Journal of Geology 79: 715-29.
Armbruster, T., Bonazzi, P., Akasaka, M., Bermanec, V., Chopin, C., et al. 2006. Recommended nomenclature
of epidote-group minerals. European Journal of Mineralogy 18: 551-67.
Arnason, J.G., Bird, D.K. and Liou, J.G. 1993. Variables Controlling Epidote Composition in Hydrothermal and
Low-Pressure Regional Metamorphic Rocks. In 125 Years Knappenwand Proceedings of a Symposium
held in Neukirchen am Grobvenediger (Salzburg/Austria) September 1990, ed. Höck, V. and Koller, F.,
p. 17-25.
Arundell, M.C. 1997. Goonumbla: Twenty-five years, four deposits, fifty-two prospects and still drilling. 3rd
International Mining Geology Conference, Melbourne.
Auclair, G., Fouquet, Y. and Bohn, M. 1987. Distribution of selenium in high-temperature hydrothermal
sulphide deposits at 13o North, East Pacific Rise. The Canadian Mineralogist 25: 577-87.
Audétat, A., Günther, D. and Heinrich, C.A. 2000. Causes for Large-Scale Metal Zonation around Mineralized
Plutons: Fluid Inclusion LA-ICP-MS Evidence from the Mole Granite, Australia. Economic Geology 95:
1563-81.
Ayuso, R.A. and John, D.A. 2010. Petrology of Associated Igneous Rocks. In USGS Porphyry Copper Deposit
Model, chap. B of Mineral deposit models for resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific
Investigations Report 2010–5070–B, ed. John, D.A., p. 89-107.
Bailey, S.W. 1988. Chlorites: Structures and Crystal Chemistry. In Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Volume 19: Hydrous Phyllosilicates (Exclusive of Micas), ed. Bailey, S.W., p. 347-403. Mineralogical
Society of America.
Ballantyne, G.H. 1981. Chemical and Mineralogical Variations in Propylitic Zones Surrounding Porphyry
Copper Deposits. PhD thesis. University of Utah, USA (unpubl.).
Banner, J.L. 1995. Application of the trace element and isotope geochemistry of strontium to studies of
carbonate diagenesis. Sedimentology 42: 805-24.
Bau, M. 1991. Rare-earth element mobility during hydrothermal and metamorphic fluid-rock interaction
and the significance of the oxidation state of europium. Chemical Geology 93: 219-30.
Baumgartner, L.P. and Olsen, S.N. 1995. A least-squares approach to mass transport calculations using the
Isocon method. Economic Geology 90: 1261-70.
Beane, R.E. and Titley, S.R. 1981. Porphyry Copper Deposits Part II Hydrothermal Alteration and
Mineralization. Economic Geology 75th Anniversary Volume: 214-69.
Beane, R.E. and Bodnar, R.J. 1995. Hydrothermal Fluids and Hydrothermal Alteration in Porphyry Copper
Deposits. In Porphyry Copper Deposits of the American Cordillera: Arizona Geological Society Digest
20, ed. Pierce, F.W. and Bohn, J.G., p. 83-93. Tucson, Arizona
Beaufort, D., Patrier, P., Meunier, A. and Ottaviani, M.M. 1992. Chemical variations in assemblages including
epidote and/or chlorite in the fossil hydrothermal system of Saint Martin (Lesser Antilles). Journal
of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 51: 95-114.
Becker, G.F. 1882. Geology of the Comstock Lode and the Washoe District. USGS Monograph 3
Becker, R.H. and Clayton, R.N. 1976. Oxygen isotope study of a Precambrian banded iron-formation,
Hamersley Range, Western Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 40: 1153-65.
Belousova, E., Griffin, W., O'Reilly, S.Y. and Fisher, N. 2002. Igneous zircon: trace element composition as an
indicator of source rock type. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143: 602-22.
Belov, N.V. 1950. Ocherki po strukturnoy mineralogii (Essays in structural mineralogy). Mineralogicheskiy
Sbornik Lvovskogo Geologicheskogo Obshchestva 4: 21-34.
203
Belov, N.V. and Rumanova, J.M. 1953. The crystal structure of epidote Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH). Doklady Akademii
Nauk SSSR 89: 853-6.
Berger, B.R., Ayuso, R.A., Wynn, J.C. and Seal, R.R. 2008. Preliminary Model of Porphyry Copper Deposits. U.S.
Geological Survey Open-Files Report 2008-1321
Bevington, P.R. 1969. Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill.
336 pp.
Bevins, R.E. and Rowbotham, G. 1983. Low-grade metamorphism within the Welsh sector of the
paratectonic Caledonides. Geological Journal 18: 141-67.
Bevins, R.E. and Merriman, R.J. 1988. Compositional controls on coexisting prehnite-actinolite and
prehnite-pumpellyite facies assembladges in the Tal y Fan metabasite intrusion, North Wales:
Implications for Caledonian metamorphic field gradients. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 6: 17-39.
Bevins, R.E., Robinson, D. and Rowbotham, G. 1991. Compositional variations in mafic phyllosilicates from
regional low-grade metabasites and application of the chlorite geothermometer. Journal of
Metamorphic Geology 9: 711-21.
Bin, X., Genwen, C. and He, W. 2003. Analysis of tectonic settings of global superlarge porphyry copper
deposits. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 46: 110-22.
Bird, D.K. and Spieler, A.R. 2004. Epidote in Geothermal Systems. In Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Volume 56: Epidotes, ed. Liebscher, A. and Franz, G., p. 235-300. Mineralogical Society of America.
Bissig, T. and Cooke, D.R. 2014. Introduction to the Special Issue Devoted to Alkalic Porphyry Cu-Au and
Epithermal Au Deposits. Economic Geology 109: 819-25.
Blounot, C.W. and Dickson, F.W. 1969. The solubility of anhydrite (CaSO4) in NaCl-H2O from 100 to 450°C
and 1 to 1000 bars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 33: 227-45.
Bodnar, R.J., Lecumberri-Sanchez, P., Moncada, D. and Steele-MacInnis, M. 2014. Fluid Inclusions in
Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. In Treatise on Geochemistry (2nd Edition) Volume 13: Geochemistry of
Mineral Deposits, ed. Scott, S.D., p. 120-37. Oxford: Elsevier.
Bonazzi, P., Garbarino, C. and Menchetti, S. 1992. Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite
from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy. European Journal of Mineralogy 4: 23–34.
Bonazzi, P. and Menchetti, S. 2004. Manganese in Monoclinic Members of the Epidote Group: Piemontite
and Related Minerals. In Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Volume 56: Epidotes, ed. Liebscher,
A. and Franz, G., p. 495-552. Mineralogical Society of America.
Bottinga, Y. and Javoy, M. 1973. Comments on oxygen isotope geothermometry. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters 20: 250-65.
Bottinga, Y. and Javoy, M. 1975. Oxygen isotope partitioning among the minerals in igneous and
metamorphic rocks. Reviews of Geophysics 13: 401-18.
Bourdelle, F., Parra, T., Chopin, C. and Beyssac, O. 2013. A new chlorite geothermometer for diagenetic to
low-grade metamorphic conditions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 165: 723-35.
Bouton, S.L., Candela, P.A., Weidner, J.R. and Joseph, J. 1987. Experimental determination of the
partitioning of tungsten and molybdenum between high silica metal and Ti-bearing minerals.
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 19: 596.
Bowen, G.J. and Revenaugh, J. 2003. Interpolating the isotopic composition of modern meteoric
precipitation. Water Resources Research 39: 1299.
Bowman, J.R., Parry, W.T., Kropp, W.P. and Kruer, S.A. 1987. Chemical and isotopic evolution of
hydrothermal solutions at Bingham, Utah. Economic Geology 82: 395-428.
Brett, C.A. 1991. On the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium in acidic chloride solution. Corrosion
Science 33: 203-10.
Brewer, T.S. and Atkin, B.P. 1989. Papers from the Meeting on Proterozoic Geochemistry Elemental
mobilities produced by low-grade metamorphic events. A case study from the Proterozoic
supracrustals of southern Norway. Precambrian Research 45: 143-58.
Burke, W.H., Denison, R.E., Hetherington, E.A., Koepnick, R.B., Nelson, H.F. and Otto, J.B. 1982. Variation of
seawater 87Sr/86Sr throughout Phanerozoic time. Geology 10: 516-9.
Burnham, C.W. and Jahns, R.H. 1962. A method for determining the solubility of water in silicate melts.
American Journal of Science 260: 721-45.
Burnham, C.W. 1997. Magmas and hydrothermal fluids. In Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits 3rd
Edition, ed. Barnes, H.L., p. 63-123. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
204
Burns, R.G. and Strens, R.G.J. 1967. Structural interpretation of polarized absorption spectra of the Al-Fe-
Mn-Cr epidotes. Mineralogical Magazine 36: 204-26.
Butcher, A., Cunningham, R., Edwards, K., Lye, A., Simmons, J., et al. 2011. Northparkes Mine. The Australian
Institute of Mining and Metallurgy; available online at:
www.ausimm.com.au/content/docs/northparkes_example_paper.pdf (accessed December 2016).
Butera, K.M., Williams, I.S., Blevin, P.L. and Simpson, C.J. 2001. Zircon U– Pb dating of Early Palaeozoic
monzonitic intrusives from the Goonumbla area, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth
Sciences 48: 457-64.
Calkins, F.C. 1944. Outline of the geology of the Comstock Lode district, Nevada: USGS. 35 pp.
Cannell, J. 2004. El Teniente porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, central Chile. University of Tasmania,
Hobart (unpubl.).
Carson, D.J., Jambor, J.L., Ogryzlo, P. and Richards, T.A. 1976. Bell Copper: Geology, geochemistry and
genesis of a supergene-enriched, biotized porphyry copper deposit with a superimposed phyllic
zone. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Special Volume 15: 245-63.
Carten, R.B. 1986. Sodium-calcium metasomatism; chemical, temporal, and spatial relationships at the
Yerington, Nevada, porphyry copper deposit. Economic Geology 81: 1495-519.
Carten, R.B., White, W.H. and Stein, H.J. 1993. High-grade, granite related molybdenum systems:
classification and origin. In Mineral Deposit Modeling: Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper
40, ed. Kirkham, R.V., Sinclair, W.D., Thorpe, R.I. and Duke, J.M., p. 521-54.
Cathelineau, M. and Nieva, D. 1985. A chlorite solid solution geothermometer the Los Azufres (Mexico)
geothermal system. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 91: 235-44.
Cathelineau, M. 1988. Cation Site Occupancy in Chlorites and Illites as a Function of Temperature. Clay
Minerals 23: 471-85.
Cathles, L.M. 1977. An analysis of the cooling of intrusives by ground-water convection which includes
boiling. Economic Geology 72: 804-26.
Cavarretta, G., Gianelli, G. and Puxeddu, M. 1980. Hydrothermal metamorphism in the Larderello
geothermal field. Geothermics 9: 297-314.
Černý, P. 1970. Compositional variations in cookeite. The Canadian Mineralogist 10: 636-47.
Chacko, T., Riciputi, R., Cole, R. and Horita, J. 1999. A new technique for determining equilibrium hydrogen
isotope fractionation factors using the ion microprobe: application to the epidote-water system.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63: 1-10.
Chaffee, M.A. 1982. A geochemical study of the Kalamazoo porphyry copper deposit. In Advances in the
Geology of the Porphyry Copper Deposits, Southwestern North America, ed. Titley, S.R., p. 211-25.
Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Chiba, H., Chacko, T., Clayton, R.N. and Goldsmith, J.R. 1989. Oxygen isotope fractionations involving
diopside, forsterite, magnetite, and calcite: Application to geothermometry. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta 53: 2985-95.
Clarke, I. 1990. Igneous Petrology. In Geological setting of copper deposits in the Parkes area, New South Wales,
ed. Clarke, I. and Sherwin, L., 23, p. 95-136. Sydney: New South Wales Geological Survey.
Clayton, R.N. and Keiffer, S.W. 1991. Oxygen isotopic thermometer calibrations. In The Geochemical Society
Special Publication No. 3 - Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein, ed. Taylor, H.P.,
O'Neil, J.R. and Kaplan, I.R., p. 3-10. The Geochemical Society.
Cline, J.S. and Bodnar, R.J. 1991. Can economic porphyry copper mineralization be generated by a typical
calc-alkaline melt? Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 96: 8113-26.
Clissold, M.E., Leverett, P. and Williams, P.A. 2005. Chemical mineralogy of the oxidized zones of the E22,
E26 and E27 ore bodies at Northparkes, New South Wales. Regolith 2005 - Ten Years of CRC LEME,
Adelaide and Canberra.
Cloos, M. 2001. Bubbling Magma Chambers, Cupolas, and Porphyry Copper Deposits. International Geology
Review 43: 285-311.
Coats, R.R. 1940. Propylitization and related types of alteration on the Comstock Lode. Economic Geology
35: 1-16.
Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. and Fan, J.X. 2013. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart.
Episodes 36: 199-204.
205
Cole, D.R. and Ripley, E.M. 1998. Oxygen isotope fractionation between chlorite and water from 170 to
350°C: a preliminary assessment based on partial exchange and fluid/rock experiments.
Cole, D.R., Horita, J., Polyakov, V.B., Valley, J.W., Spicuzza, M.J. and Coffey, D.W. 2004. An experimental and
theoretical determination of oxygen isotope fractionation in the system magnetite-H2O from 300
to 800°C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68: 3569-85.
Cooke, D.R., Heithersay, P.S., Wolfe, R. and Calderon, A.L. 1998. Australian and western Pacific porphyry
copper-Au deposits. Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 17: 97-104.
Cooke, D.R., Hollings, P. and Walshe, J.L. 2005. Giant Porphyry Deposits: Characteristics, Distribution, and
Tectonic Controls. Economic Geology 100: 801-18.
Cooke, D.R., Wilson, A.J., House, M.J., Wolfe, R.C., Walshe, J.L., et al. 2007. Alkalic porphyry Au – Cu and
associated mineral deposits of the Ordovician to Early Silurian Macquarie Arc, New South Wales.
Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 54: 445-63.
Cooke, D.R., Baker, M., Hollings, P., Sweet, G., Chang, Z., et al. 2014a. New Advances in Detecting the Distal
Geochemical Footprints of Porphyry Systems - Epidote Mineral Chemistry as a Tool for Vectoring
and Fertility Assessments. In Building Exploration Capability for the 21st Century, SEG Special
Publication No. 18, ed. Kelley, K.D. and Golden, H.C., Boulder, Colorado, USA: Colt Print Services, Inc.
Cooke, D.R., Hollings, P., Wilkinson, J.J. and Tosdal, R.M. 2014b. Geochemistry of Porphyry Deposits. In
Treatise on Geochemistry (2nd Edition) Volume 13: Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, ed. Scott, S.D., p.
357-76. Oxford: Elsevier.
Corbett, G.J. and Leach, T.M. 1998. Southwest Pacific gold-copper systems: Structure, alteration and
mineralization. Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 6. 238 pp.
Cox, D.P., Perez, G. and Nash, J.T. 1975. Geology, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion petrography of the Sapo
Alegre porphyry copper prospect and its metavolcanic wallrocks, west-central Puerto Rico. Journal
of Research of the USGS 3: 313-27.
Craig, H. 1961. Isotopic Variations in Meteoric Waters. Science 133: 1702-3.
Crane, M.J., Sharpe, J.L. and Williams, P.A. 1998. The mineralogy of the oxidized zones of the E22 and E27
orebodies at Northparkes, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 4: 1-8.
Crawford, A.J. 2001. Tectono-magmatic development of the Ordovician volcanic belts in central western
NSW, and the timing and location of porphyry-style mineralisation within the Macquarie Arc. In
NSW Ordovician SPRIT report, ed. Crawford, A.J., Cooke, D.R. and Glen, R.A., p. 7.41-7.52. Hobart
Crawford, A.J., Cooke, D.R. and Glen, R.A., eds. 2001. NSW Ordovician SPIRT Report. Hobart: University of
Tasmania Centre for Ore Deposit Research. 510 pp.
Crawford, A.J., Meffre, S., Squire, R.J., Barron, L.M. and Falloon, T.J. 2007. Middle and Late Ordovician
magmatic evolution of the Macquarie Arc, Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales. Australian Journal of
Earth Sciences 54: 181-214.
Cressey, G. and Steel, A.T. 1988. An EXAFS study on Gd, Er and Lu site location in the epidote structure.
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 15: 304-12.
Crook, K.A.W., Bein, J., Hughes, R.J. and Scott, P.A. 1973. Ordovician and Silurian history of the southeastern
part of the Lachlan Geosyncline. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 20: 113-42.
Dalstra, H. and Oosterwijk, L. 2005. Structural assesment of the Altona Fault, Northparkes mining district,
NSW. Internal Northparkes Mines report (unpubl.)
de Caritat, P., Hutcheon, I. and Walshe, J.L. 1993. Chlorite geothermometry: a review. Clays and Clay Minerals
41: 219-39.
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A. and Zussman, J. 2009. Rock Forming Minerals 3B: Layered Silicates Excluding Micas
and Clay Minerals 2nd Edition: Geological Society of London
Derakhshani, R. and Abdolzadeh, M. 2009. Mass Change Calculations During Hydrothermal
Alteration/Mineralization in the Porphyry Copper Deposit if Darrehzar, Iran. Research Journal of
Environmental Sciences 3: 41-51.
Dietrich, A., Lehmann, B. and Wallianos, A. 2000. Bulk rock and melt inclusion geochemistry of Bolivian tin
porphyry systems. Economic Geology 95: 313-26.
Dilles, J.H. and Einaudi, M.T. 1992. Wall-rock alteration and hydrothermal flow paths about the Ann-Mason
porphyry copper deposit, Nevada; a 6-km vertical reconstruction. Economic Geology 87: 1963-2001.
206
Dilles, J.H., Solomon, G.C., Taylor, H.P. and Einaudi, M.T. 1992. Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Characteristics
of Hydrothermal Alteration at the Ann-Mason Porphyry Copper Deposit, Yerington, Nevada.
Economic Geology 87: 44-63.
Dilles, J.H. 2010. Hydrothermal Alteration. In USGS Porphyry Copper Deposit Model, chap. B of Mineral deposit
models for resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–B,
ed. John, D.A., p. 57-64.
Djouka-Fonkwé, M.L., Kyser, K., Clark, A.H., Urqueta, E., Oates, C.J. and Ihlenfeld, C. 2012. Recognizing
Propylitic Alteration Associated with Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposits in Lower Greenschist Facies
Metamorphic Terrain of the Collahuasi District, Northern Chile—Implications of Petrographic and
Carbon Isotope Relationships. Economic Geology 107: 1457-78.
Dollase, W.A. 1968. Refinement and comparison of the structures of zoisite and clinozoisite. American
Mineralogist 53: 1882-98.
Dollase, W.A. 1969. Crystal structure and cation ordering of piemontite. American Mineralogist 54: 710-7.
Dollase, W.A. 1971. Refinement of the crystal structures of epidote, allanite and hancockite. American
Mineralogist 56: 447-64.
Dollase, W.A. 1973. Mössbauer spectra and iron distribution in the epidote group minerals. Zeitschrift für
Kristallographie 138: 41-63.
Donnelly, T., Waldron, S., Tait, A., Dougans, J. and Bearhop, S. 2001. Hydrogen isotope analysis of natural
abundance and deuterium-enriched waters by reduction over chromium on-line to a dynamic dual
inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometer. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 15: 1297-303.
Drew, L.J. 2005. A tectonic model for the spatial occurence of porphyry copper and polymetallic vein
deposits - Applications to central Europe
Driesner, T. and Geiger, S. 2007. Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Fluid Flow in Hydrothermal Systems.
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 65: 187-212.
Duggan, M.B., Lyons, P., Raymond, O.L., Wallace, D.A., Wyborn, D., et al. 1999. Forbes 1:250 000 Geological
Map S155 - 7. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
Eastoe, C.J. 1978. A fluid inclusion study of the Panguna porphyry copper deposit, Bougainville, Papua New
Guinea. Economic Geology 73: 721-48.
Ebadi, A. and Johannes, W. 1991. Beginning of melting and composition of first melts in the system Qz-Ab-
Or-H2O-CO2. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 106: 286-95.
Einaudi, M.T., Hedenquist, J.W. and Inan, E.E. 2003. Sulfidation State of Fluids in Active and Extinct
Hydrothermal Systems: Transitions from Porphyry to Epithermal Environments. In Society of
Economic Geologists Special Publication 10, ed. Simmons, S.F., p. 285-313.
Emmons, W.H. 1927. Relations of metalliferous lode systems to igneous intrusives. Transactions of the
American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers 74: 29-70.
Farmin, R. 1934. "Pebble dikes" and associated mineralization at Tintic, Utah. Economic Geology 29: 356-70.
Fekete, S., Weis, P., Driesner, T., Bouvier, A.-S., Baumgartner, L. and Heinrich, C.A. 2016. Contrasting
hydrological processes of meteoric water incursion during magmatic–hydrothermal ore
deposition: An oxygen isotope study by ion microprobe. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 451:
263-71.
Ferraris, G., Ivaldi, G., Fuess, H. and Gregson, D. 1989. Manganese/iron distribution in a strontian piemontite
by neutron diffraction. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 187: 145-51.
Finlow-Bates, T. and Stumpfl, E.F. 1981. The behaviour of so-called immobile elements in hydrothermally
altered rocks associated with volcanogenic submarine-exhalative ore deposits. Mineralium
Deposita 16: 319-28.
Floyd, P.A. and Winchester, J.A. 1978. Identification and discrimination of altered and metamorphosed
volcanic rocks using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 21: 291-306.
Foster, M.D. 1962. Interpretation of the composition and a classification of the chlorites. USGS Professional
Paper 414-A: 1-33.
Franz, G. and Liebscher, A. 2004. Physical and Chemical Properties of the Epidote Minerals. In Reviews in
Mineralogy and Geochemistry Volume 56: Epidotes, ed. Franz, G. and Liebscher, A., p. 1-81.
Mineralogical Society of America.
207
Frei, D., Liebscher, A., Franz, G. and Dulski, P. 2004. Trace Element Geochemistry of Epidote Minerals. In
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Volume 56: Epidotes, ed. Liebscher, A. and Franz, G., p. 553-
606. Mineralogical Society of America.
Frost, C.D. and Toner, R.N. 2004. Strontium Isotopic Identification of Water-Rock Interaction and Ground
Water Mixing. Ground Water 42: 418-32.
Gabe, E.J., Portheine, F.C. and Whitlow, S.H. 1973. A reinvestigation of the epidote structure: confirmation
of the iron location. American Mineralogist 58: 218-23.
Gieré, R. and Sorensen, S.S. 2004. Allanite and Other REE-Rich Epidote Group Minerals. In Reviews in
Mineralogy and Geochemistry Volume 56: Epidotes, ed. Liebscher, A. and Franz, G., p. 413-93.
Mineralogical Society of America.
Giggenbach, W.F. 1992. Magma Degassing and Mineral Deposition in Hydrothermal Systems along
Convergent Plate Boundaries. Economic Geology 87: 1927-44.
Glazner, A.F., Bartley, J.M., Coleman, D.S., Gray, W. and Taylor, R.Z. 2004. Are plutons assembled over
millions of years by amalgamation from small magma chambers? GSA Today 14: 4-11.
Gleeson, S.A., Roberts, S., Fallick, A.E. and Boyce, A.J. 2008. Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and δD
value investigation of hydrothermal vein quartz: Interpretation of fluid inclusion δD values in
hydrothermal systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72: 4595-606.
Glen, R.A., Walshe, J.L., Barron, L.M. and Watkins, J.J. 1998. Ordovician convergent-margin volcanism and
tectonism in the Lachlan sector of east Gondwana. Geology 26: 751-4.
Glen, R.A. and Walshe, J.L. 1999. Cross-structures in the Lachlan Orogen: the Lachlan Transverse Zone
example. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 46: 641-58.
Glen, R.A., Crawford, A.J., Percival, I.G. and Barron, L.M. 2007. Early Ordovician development of the
Macquarie Arc, Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 54: 167-79.
Glen, R.A., Quinn, C.D. and Cooke, D.R. 2012. The Macquarie Arc, Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales: its
evolution, tectonic setting and mineral deposits. Episodes 35: 177-86.
Goldsmith, J.R. 1950. Gallium and Germanium Substitutions in Synthetic Feldspars. The Journal of Geology
58: 518-36.
Golonka, J. 2012. Paleozoic paleoenvironment and paleolithofacies maps of Gondwana. Kracków:
Wydawnictwa AGH Publishing House
Graham, C.M. and Sheppard, S.M.F. 1980. Experimental hydrogen isotope studies, II. Fractionations in the
systems epidote-NaCl-H2O, epidote-CaCl2-H2O and epidote-seawater, and the hydrogen isotope
composition of natural epidotes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 49: 237-51.
Graham, C.M., Sheppard, S.M.F. and Heaton, T.H.E. 1980. Experimental hydrogen isotope studies - I.
Systematics of hydrogen isotope fractionation in the systems epidote-H2O, zoisite-H2O and
AlO(OH)-H2O. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 44: 353-64.
Graham, C.M., Atkinson, J. and Harmon, R.S. 1984. Hydrogen isotope fractionation in the system chlorite-
water. Progress in Experimental Petrology, UK Natural Environment Research Council Publication Series
D 6: 139-40.
Graham, C.M., Viglino, J.A. and Harmon, R.S. 1987. Experimental study of hydrogen-isotope exchange
between aluminous chlorite and water and of hydrogen diffusion in chlorite. American Mineralogist
72: 566-79.
Grant, J.A. 1986. The isocon diagram; a simple solution to Gresens' equation for metasomatic alteration.
Grant, K., Gleeson, S.A. and Roberts, S. 2003. The high-temperature behavior of hydrogen species in quartz:
implications for hydrogen isotope studies. American Mineralogist 88: 262-70.
Grapes, R.H. 1981. Chromian epidote and zoisite in kyanite amphibolite, Southern Alps, New Zealand.
American Mineralogist 66: 974-5.
Grapes, R.H. and Hoskin, W.O. 2004. Epidote Group Minerals in Low-Pressure Metamorphic Terranes. In
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Volume 56: Epidotes, ed. Liebscher, A. and Franz, G., p. 301-
45. Mineralogical Society of America.
Gray, D.R., Foster, D.A. and Bucher, M. 1997. Recognition and definition of orogenic events in the Lachlan
Fold Belt. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44: 489-501.
Gray, D.R. and Foster, D.A. 2004. Tectonic evolution of the Lachlan Orogen, southeast Australia: historical
review, data synthesis and modern perspectives. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 51: 773-817.
208
Gregory, D.D., Large, R.R., Halpin, J.A., Baturina, E.L., Lyons, T.W., et al. 2015. Trace Element Content of
Sedimentary Pyrite in Black Shales. Economic Geology 110: 1389-410.
Gregory, R.T. and Taylor, H.P. 1981. An Oxygen Isotope Profile in a section of Cretaceous Oceanic Crust,
Samali Ophiolite, Oman: Evidence for δ18O Buffering of the Oceans by Deep (>5 km) Seawater-
Hydrothermal Circulation at Mid-Ocean Ridges. Journal of Geophysical Research 86: 2737-55.
Gresens, R.L. 1967. Composition-volume relationships of metasomatism. Chemical Geology 2: 47-55.
Gustafson, L.B. and Hunt, J.P. 1975. The porphyry copper deposit at El Salvador, Chile. Economic Geology
70: 857-912.
Hall, M.C. 1993. The stratigraphy and palaeovolcanology of the Late Ordovician Goonumbla Volcanics,
Goonumbla, N.S.W. BSc (Hons) thesis. Monash University, Melbourne (unpubl.).
Halley, S., Dilles, J.H. and Tosdal, R.M. 2015. Footprints: Hydrothermal Alteration and Geochemical
Dispersion Around Porphyry Copper Deposits. Society of Economic Geologists Newsletter 100: 1-17.
Hamilton, W. 1965. Diabase Sheets of the Taylor Glacier Region Victoria Land, Antarctica. USGS Professional
Paper 456-B
Hanson, G.N. 1980. Rare Earth Elements in Petrogenetic Studies of Igneous Systems. Annual Review of Earth
and Planetary Sciences 8: 371-406.
Harris, A.C. 1997. Vein emplacement, E26N porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Goonumbla, New South Wales. BSc
(Hons) thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane (unpubl.).
Harris, A.C. and Golding, S.D. 2002. New evidence of magmatic-fluid–related phyllic alteration: Implications
for the genesis of porphyry Cu deposits. Geology 30: 335-8.
Harris, A.C., Golding, S.D. and White, N.C. 2005. Bajo de la Alumbrera Copper-Gold Deposit: Stable Isotope
Evidence for a Porphyry-Related Hydrothermal System Dominated by Magmatic Aqueous Fluids.
Harris, A.C. and Holcombe, R.J. 2014. Quartz Vein Emplacement Mechanisms at the E26 Porphyry Cu-Au
Deposit, New South Wales. Economic Geology 109: 1035-50.
Harrison, T.M., Duncan, I. and McDougall, I. 1985. Diffusion of 40Ar in biotite: Temperature, pressure and
compositional effects. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 49: 2461-8.
Hedenquist, J.W. and Richards, J.P. 1998. The Influence of Geochemical Techniques on the Development of
Genetic Models for Porphyry Copper Deposits. In Techniques in Hydrothermal Ore Deposits Geology:
Reviews in Economic Geology v.10, ed. Richards, J.P. and Larson, P.B., pp. 235-56
Hedenquist, J.W., Arribas, A. and Reynolds, T.J. 1998. Evolution of an intrusion-centered hydrothermal
system; Far Southeast-Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits, Philippines. Economic
Geology 93: 373-404.
Hedenquist, J.W. and Taran, Y.A. 2013. Modeling the Formation of Advanced Argillic Lithocaps: Volcanic
Vapor Condensation Above Porphyry Intrusions. Economic Geology 108: 1523-40.
Heijboer, T.C. and Vennemann, T.W. 2008. Preliminary results for hydrogen isotope fractionation
Experiments between Mg-Chlorite and molecular Hydrogen at low Temperatures and Pressures.
Geophysical Research Abstracts 10: EGU2008-A-07447.
Heithersay, P.S., O'Neill, W.J., Van der Helder, P., Moore, C.R. and Harbon, P.G. 1990. Goonumbla porphyry
copper district - Endeavour 26 North, Endeavour 22 and Endeavour 27, copper-gold deposits. In
Geology of the Mineral Deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea, ed. Hughes, F.E., p. 1385-98.
Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Monograph 14.
Heithersay, P.S. 1991. The shoshonite-associated Endeavour 26 North porphyry copper-gold deposit,
Goonumbla, NSW. PhD thesis. Australian National University, Canberra (unpubl.).
Heithersay, P.S. and Walshe, J.L. 1995. Endeavour 26 North: A porphyry copper-gold deposit in the Late
Ordovician shoshonitic Goonumbla Volcanic Complex, New South Wales, Australia. Economic
Geology 90: 1506-32.
Hellman, P.L., Smith, R.E. and Henderson, P. 1979. The mobility of the rare earth elements: Evidence and
implications from selected terrains affected by burial metamorphism. Contributions to Mineralogy
and Petrology 71: 23-44.
Hem, J.D. and Roberson, C.E. 1967. Form and Stability of Aluminium Hydroxide Complexes in Dilute
Solution. USGS Water Supply Paper 1827-A: 1-53.
Hemley, J.J., Cygan, G.L. and d'Angelo, W.M. 1986. Effect of pressure on ore mineral solubilities under
hydrothermal conditions. Geology 14: 377-9.
209
Hemley, J.J., Cygan, G.L., Fein, J.B., Robinson, G.R. and d'Angelo, W.M. 1992. Hydrothermal ore-forming
processes in the light of studies in rock-buffered systems; I, Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility
relations. Economic Geology 87: 1-22.
Hemley, J.J. and Hunt, J.P. 1992. Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock-buffered
systems; II, Some general geologic applications. Economic Geology 87: 23-43.
Hendrawan, D. 2011a. The geology of GRP314, Internal Northparkes Mines report A735988 (unpubl.)
Hendrawan, D. 2011b. The geology of the upper level of E48, Internal Northparkes Mines report A735995
(unpubl.)
Henley, R.W. and McNabb, A. 1978. Magmatic vapour plumes and ground-water interaction in porphyry
copper emplacement. Economic Geology 73: 1-20.
Hey, M.H. 1954. A new review of the chlorites. Mineralogical Magazine 30: 277-92.
Hezarkhani, A. 2009. Hydrothermal fluid geochemistry at the Chah-Firuzeh porphyry copper deposit, Iran:
Evidence from fluid inclusions. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 101: 254-64.
Hitch, B.F., Mesmer, R.E., Baes, C.F. and Sweeton, F.H. 1980. The solubility of (α-Al(OH)3) in 1 molar NaCl as a
function of pH and temperature. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report ORNL-5623
Holdaway, M.J. 1972. Thermal stability of Al-Fe epidote as a function of fO2 and Fe content. Contributions to
Mineralogy and Petrology 37: 307-40.
Holliday, J.R. and Cooke, D.R. 2007. Advances in Geological Models and Exploration Methods for Copper ±
Gold Porphyry Deposits. In Proceedings of Exploration 07: Fifth Decennial International Conference on
Mineral Exploration, ed. Milkereit, B., p. 791-809.
Holtstam, D. and Langhof, J. 1994. Hancockite from Jakobsberg, Filipstad, Sweeden: The second world
occurance. Mineralogical Magazine 58: 172-4.
Hooper, B., Heithersay, P.S., Mills, M.B., Lindhorst, J.W. and Freyberg, J. 1996. Shoshonite‐hosted endeavour
48 porphyry copper‐gold deposit, Northparkes, central New South Wales. Australian Journal of
House, M.J. 1994. Gold distribution at the E26 porphyry copper - gold deposit, N.S.W. MEconGeol thesis.
University of Tasmania, Hobart (unpubl.).
Hu, G. and Clayton, R.N. 2003. Oxygen isotope salt effects at high pressure and high temperature and the
calibration of oxygen isotope geothermometers. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67: 3227-46.
Huang, W.L. and Wyllie, P.J. 1973. Melting relations of muscovite-granite to 35 kbar as a model for fusion of
metamorphosed subducted oceanic sediments. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 42: 1-14.
Ingebritsen, S.E., Geiger, S., Hurwitz, S. and Driesner, T. 2010. Numerical simulation of magmatic
hydrothermal systems. Reviews of Geophysics 48: RG1002.
Ito, T. 1950. X-ray Studies on Polymorphism. Tokyo: Maruzen Co. Ltd.
Ito, T., Morimoto, N. and Sadanga, R. 1954. On the structure of Epidote. Acta Crystallographica 7: 53-9.
Jaffrés, J.B.D., Shields, G.A. and Wallmann, K. 2007. The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater: A critical
review of a long-standing controversy and an improved geological water cycle model for the past
3.4 billion years. Earth Science Reviews 83: 83-122.
Jago, C.P., Tosdal, R.M., Cooke, D.R. and Harris, A.C. 2014. Vertical and Lateral Variation of Mineralogy and
Chemistry in the Early Jurassic Mt. Milligan Alkalic Porphyry Au-Cu Deposit, British Columbia,
Canada. Economic Geology 109: 1005-33.
Jahns, R.H. and Burnham, C.W. 1969. Experimental studies of pegmatite genesis: A model for the derivation
and crystallization of granitic pegmatites. Economic Geology 64: 843-64.
Jarosewich, E., Nelen, J.A. and Norberg, J.A. 1980. Reference Samples for Electron Microprobe Analysis.
Geostandards Newsletter 4: 43-7.
Jerome, S.E. 1966. Some features pertinent in exploration of porphyry copper deposits. In Geology of the
Porphyry Copper Deposits, Southwestern North America, ed. Titley, S.R. and Hicks, C.L., p. 75-85.
Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Jiang, S.-Y. 2000. Controls on the mobility of high field strength elements(HFSE), U, and Th in an ancient
submarine hydrothermal system of the Proterozoic Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia,
Canada. Geochemical Journal 34: 341-8.
Jiang, S.-Y., Wang, R.-C., Xu, X.-S. and Zhao, K.-D. 2005. Mobility of high field strength elements (HFSE) in
magmatic-, metamorphic-, and submarine-hydrothermal systems. Physics and Chemistry of the
Earth, Parts A/B/C 30: 1020-9.
210
Jochum, K.P., Nohl, U., Herwig, K., Lammel, E., Stoll, B. and Hofmann, A.W. 2005. GeoReM: A New
Geochemical Database for Reference Materials and Isotopic Standards. Geostandards and
Geoanalytical Research 29: 333-8.
Johannes, W. and Holtz, F. 1996. Petrogenesis and Experimental Petrology of Granitic Rocks. Berlin:
Springer. 335 pp.
John, D.A. 1989. Evolution of hydrothermal fluids in the Park Premier Stock, central Wasatch Mountains,
Utah. Economic Geology 84: 879-902.
John, D.A. 2010. Introduction. In USGS Porphyry Copper Deposit Model, chap. B of Mineral deposit models for
resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-B, ed. John,
D.A., p. 11.
John, E.C. 1978. Mineral zones in the Utah copper orebody. Economic Geology 73: 1250-9.
Johnson, K.M., Hammarstrom, J.M., Zientek, M.L. and Dicken, C.L. 2014. Estimate of Undiscovered Copper
Resources of the World 2013. USGS Global Mineral Resource Assessment Fact Sheet 2014–3004;
available online at: http://minerals.usgs.gov/global/#publications (accessed August 2016).
Johnson, S.D. 2011. Factors influencing intrusive hosted porphyry Cu-Au mineralisation and REE
fractionation at GRP314, Northparkes, New South Wales. BSc (Hons) thesis. Monash University,
Melbourne (unpubl.).
Jones, B.K. 1992. Application of metal zoning to gold exploration in porphyry copper systems. Journal of
Geochemical Exploration 43: 127-55.
Jones, G.J. 1985. The Goonumbla Porphyry Copper Deposits, New South Wales. Economic Geology 80: 591-
613.
Jowett, E.C. 1991. Fitting iron and magnesium into the hydrothermal chlorite geothermometer. Geological
Association of Canada/Mineralogical Association of Canada/Society of Economic Geologists Joint
Annual Meeting Program with Abstracts 16: A82.
Kawachi, Y. 1975. Pumpellyite-actinolite and contiguous facies metamorphism in part of upper Wakatipu
district, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 18: 401-41.
Kayupova, M.M. 1965. Pennantite from the Ushkatyn deposit, central Kazakhstan. Doklady Akademii Nauk
SSSR 163: 189-92.
Keith, J.D., Christiansen, E.H., Maughan, D.T. and Waite, K.A. 1998. The role of mafic alkaline magmas in felsic
porphyry Cu and Mo systems. In Mineralized Intrusion-related Skarn Systems, ed. Lentz, D.R., 26, p.
211-43. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series.
Kendrick, M.A., Burgess, R., Pattrick, R.A.D. and Turner, G. 2001. Fluid inclusion noble gas and halogen
evidence on the origin of Cu-Porphyry mineralising fluids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65:
2651-68.
Kenngott, G.A. 1853. Das Mohs’sche Mineralsystem: Wien. 75 pp.
Kinraide, T.B. 1991. Identity of the rhizotoxic aluminium species. Plant and Soil 134: 167-78.
Kirkham, R.V. and Sinclair, D.W. 1988. Comb quartz layers in felsic intrusions and their relationship to the
origin of porphyry deposits. In Recent Advances in the Geology of Granite-Related Mineral Deposits:
The Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Special Volume 39, ed. Taylor, R.P. and Strong, D.F.,
p. 50-71.
Kirkham, R.V. and Sinclair, D.W. 1995. Porphyry copper, gold, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, silver. In Geology
of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types, Geology of Canada No. 8, ed. Eckstrand, O.R., Sinclair, D.W. and
Thorpe, R.I., p. 421-46. Geological Survey of Canada.
Kolkert, R. 1998. Carbonate-base metal veins peripheral to the Goonumbla porphyry Cu-Au deposits -
vectors to mineralised centres? BSc (Hons) thesis. University of Tasmania, Hobart (unpubl.).
Kouzmanov, K. and Pokrovski, G.S. 2012. Hydrothermal Controls on Meta Distribution in Porphyry Cu (-Mo-
Au) Systems. In Geology and Genesis of Major Copper Deposits and Districts of the World: A Tribute to
Richard H. Sillitoe Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 16, ed. Hedenquist, J.W., Harris,
M. and Camus, F., p. 573-618.
Kranidiotis, P. and MacLean, W.H. 1987. Systematics of chlorite alteration at the Phelps Dodge massive
sulfide deposit, Matagami, Quebec. Economic Geology 82: 1898-911.
Kretz, R. 1985. Calculation and Illsutration of uncertainty in Geochemical Analyses. Journal of Geological
Education 33: 40-4.
211
Kretz, R., Hartree, R. and Jones, P. 1989. Metasomatic crystallization of muscovite in granite and tourmaline
in schist related to pegmatite emplacement near Yellowknife, Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy
and Petrology 102: 191-204.
Krivovichev, S.V., Armbruster, T., Organova, N.I., Burns, P.C., Seredkin, M.V. and Chukanov, N.V. 2004.
Incorporation of sodium into the chlorite structure: the crystal structure of glagolevite,
Na(Mg,Al)6[Si3AlO10](OH,O)8. American Mineralogist 89: 1138-41.
Krynen, J.P., Sherwin, L. and Clarke, I. 1990. Stratigraphy and structure. In Geological Setting of Gold and
Copper Mineralisation in the Parkes area, New South Wales; Records of the Geological Survey of New
South Wales 23, ed. Clarke, I. and Sherwin, L., p. 1-76.
Kvick, Å., Pluth, J.J., Richardson Jr, J.W. and Smith, J.V. 1988. The ferric iron distribution and hydrogen
bonding in epidote: a neutron diffraction study at 15 K. Acta Crystallographica B 44: 351-5.
Lacroix, B. and Vennemann, T.W. 2015. Empirical calibration of the oxygen isotope fractionation between
quartz and Fe–Mg-chlorite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 149: 21-31.
Landtwing, M.R., Pettke, T., Halter, W.E., Heinrich, C.A., Redmond, P.B., et al. 2005. Copper deposition during
quartz dissolution by cooling magmatic–hydrothermal fluids: The Bingham porphyry. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters 235: 229-43.
Lang, J.R., Stanley, C.R. and Thompson, J.F.H. 1995. Porphyry copper-gold deposits related to alkalic
igneous rocks in the Triassic-Jurassic arc terranes of British Columbia. Arizona Geological Society
Digest 20: 219-36.
Large, R.R., Danyushevsky, L., Hollit, C., Maslennikov, V., Meffre, S., et al. 2009. Gold and Trace Element
Zonation in Pyrite Using a Laser Imaging Technique: Implications for the Timing of Gold in
Orogenic and Carlin-Style Sediment-Hosted Deposits. Economic Geology 104: 635-68.
Le Maitre, R.W., Bateman, P., Dudek, A., Keller, J., Lameyre Le Bas, M.J., et al. 1989. A classification of igneous
rocks and glossary of terms. Oxford: Blackwell
Lécuyer, C., Gruau, G., Früh-Green, G.L. and Picard, C. 1996. Hydrogen isotope composition of Early
Proterozoic seawater. Geology 24: 291-4.
Lécuyer, C., Gillet, P. and Robert, F. 1998. The hydrogen isotope composition of seawater and the global
water cycle. Chemical Geology 145: 249-61.
Lee, C.-T.A., Luffi, P., Chin, E.J., Bouchet, R., Dasgupta, R., et al. 2012. Copper Systematics in Arc Magmas and
Implications for Crust-Mantle Differentiation. Science 336: 64-8.
Leitch, C.H.B. and Lentz, D.R. 1994. The Gresens approach to mass balance constraints of alteration systems:
methods, pitfalls, examples. In Alteration and Alteration Processes associated with Ore-forming
Systems: Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes, ed. Lentz, D.R., 11, p. 161-92.
Lentz, D.R. and Goodfellow, W.D. 1993. Mineralogy and petrology of the stringer sulphide zone in the
Discovery Hole at the Brunswick No. 12 massive sulphide deposit, Bathurst, New Brunswick. In
Current Research, Part E, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 93-1Ep. 259-69.
Li, W., Jackson, S.E., Pearson, N.J. and Graham, S. 2010. Copper isotopic zonation in the Northparkes
porphyry Cu–Au deposit, SE Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74: 4078-96.
Lickfold, V. 2002. Intrusive history and volatile evolution of the Endeavour porphyry Cu–Au deposits,
Goonumbla district, NSW, Australia. PhD thesis. University of Tasmania, Hobart (unpubl.).
Lickfold, V., Cooke, D.R., Smith, S.G. and Ullrich, T.D. 2003. Endeavour Copper-Gold Porphyry Deposits,
Northparkes, New South Wales: Intrusive History and Fluid Evolution. Economic Geology 98: 1607-
36.
Lickfold, V., Cooke, D.R., Crawford, A.J. and Fanning, C.M. 2007. Shoshonitic magmatism and the formation
of the Northparkes porphyry Cu – Au deposits, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth
Sciences 54: 417-44.
Lindgren, W. 1902. The Geological Features of the Gold Production of North America. Transactions of the
American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers 33: 790-845.
Lindgren, W. 1905. The copper deposits of the Clifton-Morenci district, Arizona. USGS Professional Paper 43
Liou, J.G. 1973. Synthesis and Stability Relations of Epidote, Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH). Journal of Petrology 14: 381-
413.
Longerich, H.P., Jackson, S.E. and Günther, D. 1996. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometric transient signal data acquisition and analyte concentration calculation. Journal of
Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 11: 899-904.
212
López-Munguira, A., Nieto, F. and Morata, D. 2002. Chlorite composition and geothermometry: a
comparative HRTEM/AEM-EPMA-XRD study of Cambrian basic lavas from the Ossa Morena Zone,
SW Spain. Clay Minerals 37: 267-81.
Lottermoser, B.G. 1992. Rare earth elements and hydrothermal ore formation processes. Ore Geology
Reviews 7: 25-41.
Loucks, R.R. 2014. Distinctive composition of copper-ore-forming arcmagmas. Australian Journal of Earth
Sciences 61: 5-16.
Lowell, J.D. and Guilbert, J.M. 1970. Lateral and vertical alteration-mineralization zoning in porphyry ore
deposits. Economic Geology 65: 373-408.
Lowenstern, J.B. and Sinclair, W.D. 1996. Exsolved magmatic fluid and its role in the formation of comb-
layered quartz at the Cretaceous Logtung W-Mo deposit, Yukon Territory, Canada. Geological
Society of America Special Papers 315: 291-303.
Lund, K., Aleinikoff, J.N., Kunk, M.J., Unruh, D.M., Zeihen, G.D., et al. 2002. SHRIMP U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar Age
Constraints for Relating Plutonism and Mineralization in the Boulder Batholith Region, Montana.
Lye, A. 2006. The discovery history of the Northparkes deposits. SMEDG Mines and Wines Conference,
Cessnock NSW, May 2006.
MacLean, W.H. and Kranidiotis, P. 1987. Immobile elements as monitors of mass transfer in hydrothermal
alteration; Phelps Dodge massive sulfide deposit, Matagami, Quebec. Economic Geology 82: 951-
62.
MacLean, W.H. and Barrett, T.J. 1993. Lithogeochemical techniques using immobile elements. Journal of
Geochemical Exploration 48: 109-33.
Manning, D.A.C. 1981. The effect of fluorine on liquidus phase relationships in the system Qz-Ab-or with
excess water at 1 Kb. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 76: 206-15.
Mark, G., Foster, D.R.W., Pollard, P.J., Williams, P.J., Tolman, J., et al. 2004. Stable isotope evidence for
magmatic fluid input during large-scale Na–Ca alteration in the Cloncurry Fe oxide Cu–Au district,
NW Queensland, Australia. Terra Nova 16: 54-61.
Marumo, K., Nagasawa, K. and Kuroda, Y. 1980. Mineralogy and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of clay
minerals in the Ohnuma geothermal area, Northeastern Japan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters
47: 255-62.
Mason, B. 1966. Pyrope, augite, and hornblende from Kakanui, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of
Geology and Geophysics 9: 474-80.
Mason, B. 1972. Minor and trace element distribution in minerals of the Muzzle River Gabbro. New Zealand
Journal of Geology and Geophysics 15: 465-75.
Mason, B. and Allen, R.O. 1973. Minor and trace elements in augite, hornblende, and pyrope megacrysts
from Kakanui, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 16: 935-47.
Matjuschkin, V., Blundy, J.D. and Brooker, R.A. 2016. The effect of pressure on sulphur speciation in mid- to
deep-crustal arc magmas and implications for the formation of porphyry copper deposits.
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 171: 1-25.
Matsuhisa, Y., Goldsmith, J.R. and Clayton, R.N. 1979. Oxygen isotopic fractionation in the system quartz-
albite-anorthite-water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 43: 1131-40.
Matthews, A., Goldsmith, J.R. and Clayton, R.N. 1983. Oxygen isotope fractionation between zoisite and
water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 47: 645-54.
Matthews, A. and Schliestedt, T.M. 1984. Evolution of the blueschist and greenschist facies rocks of Sifnos,
Cyclades, Greece. A stable isotope study of subduction-related metamorphism. Contributions to
Mineralogy and Petrology 88: 150-63.
Matthews, A. 1994. Oxygen isotope geothermometers for metamorphic rocks. Journal of Metamorphic
Geology 12: 211-9.
Maughan, D.T., Keith, J.D., Christiansen, E.H., Pulsipher, T., Hattori, K. and Evans, N.J. 2001. Contributions
from mafic alkaline magmas to the Bingham porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Utah, USA. Mineralium
Deposita 37: 14-37.
McLean, A.L., Chapman, J., Sharpe, J.L. and Williams, P.A. 2004. The mineralogy of the oxidized zone of the
E26 ore body at Northparkes, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 10: 53-8.
213
McNutt, R.H. 2000. Strontium isotopes. In Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology, ed. Cook, P.G. and
Herczeg, A.L., p. 233-60. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Menzies, M., Seyfried, W. and Blanchard, D. 1979. Experimental evidence of rare earth element immobility
in greenstones. Nature 282: 398-9.
Mercer, C.N. and Reed, M.H. 2013. Porphyry Cu-Mo Stockwork Formation by Dynamic, Transient
Hydrothermal Pulses: Mineralogic Insights from the Deposit at Butte, Montana. Economic Geology
108: 1347-77.
Meunier, J.D. 1994. The composition and origin of vanadium-rich clay minerals in colorado plateau Jurassic
sandstones. Clays and Clay Minerals 42: 391-401.
Meyer, C. and Hemley, J.J. 1967. Wall rock alteration. In Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, ed.
Barnes, H.L., p. 166-235. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Michard, A., Albarede, F., Michard, G., Minster, J.F. and Charlou, J.L. 1983. Rare-earth elements and uranium
in high-temperature solutions from East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent field (13 [deg]N). Nature
303: 795-7.
Michard, A. 1989. Rare earth element systematics in hydrothermal fluids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
53: 745-50.
Micko, J., Tosdal, R.M., Bissig, T., Chamberlain, C.M. and Simpson, K.A. 2014. Hydrothermal Alteration and
Mineralization of the Galore Creek Alkalic Cu-Au Porphyry Deposit, Northwestern British Columbia,
Canada. Economic Geology 109: 891-914.
Middlemost, E.A.K. 1994. Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth Science Reviews 37:
215-24.
Minkin, J.A., Finkelman, R.B., Thompson, C.L., Chao, E.C.T., Ruppert, L.F., et al. 1984. Microcharacterization of
arsenic- and selenium-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport Coal, Indiana County, Pennsylvania.
Scanning Electron Microscopy 4: 1515-29.
Miyajima, H., Matsubara, S., Miyawaki, R. and Hirokawa, K. 2003. Niigataite, CaSrAl3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH): Sr-
analogue of clinozoisite, a new member of the epidote group from the Itoigawa-Ohmi district,
Niigata Prefecture, central Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 98: 118-29.
Morrison, G. and Blevin, P.L. 1997. AMIRA project P425.
Muecke, G.K., Pride, C. and Sarkar, P. 1979. Proceedings of the Second Symposium Rare-earth element
geochemistry of regional metamorphic rocks. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 11: 449-64.
Muehlenbachs, K. and Clayton, R.N. 1976. Oxygen isotope composition of the oceanic crust and its bearing
on seawater. Journal of Geophysical Research 81: 4365-9.
Mukherjee, P.K. and Gupta, P.K. 2008. Arbitary scaling in ISOCON method of geochemical mass balance: An
evaluation of the graphical approach. Geochemical Journal 42: 247-53.
Müller, D., Groves, D.I. and Heithersay, P.S. 1994. The shoshonite porphyry Cu-Au association in the
Goonumbla District, N.S.W., Australia. Mineralogy and Petrology 51: 299-321.
Nesbitt, H.W. 1979. Mobility and fractionation of rare earth elements during weathering of a granodiorite.
Nature 279: 206-10.
Niri, I.V. 2001. Mass and chemical changes of immobile elements in Yamaghan Occurrence, Zanjan
Province, Iran. Transactions of the Nonferrous Metals Society of China 11: 617-22.
Norman, D.K., Parry, W.T. and Bowman, J.R. 1991. Petrology and geochemistry of propylitic alteration at
Southwest Tintic, Utah. Economic Geology 86: 13-28.
Norton, D. and Knight, J.E. 1977. Transport phenomena in hydrothermal systems; cooling plutons. American
Journal of Science 277: 937-81.
Ohmoto, H. and Rye, R.O. 1974. Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Fluid Inclusions in the
Kuroko Deposits, Japan. Economic Geology 69: 947-53.
Parsapoor, A., Dilles, J.H., Khalili, M., Mackizadeh, M.A. and Maghami, M. 2014. Stable isotope record of
hydrothermal sulfate, sulfide and silicate minerals in the Darreh-Zar porphyry copper deposit in
Kerman, southeastern Iran: Implications for petrogenesis and exploration. Journal of Geochemical
Exploration 143: 103-15.
Patrier, P., Beaufort, D., Touchard, G. and Fouillac, A.M. 1990. Crystal size of epidotes: A potentially
exploitable geothermometer in geothermal fields? Geology 18: 1126-9.
Peacor, D.R., Rouse, R.C. and Bailey, S.W. 1988. Crystal structure of franklinfurnaceite: A tri-dioctahedral
zincosilicate intermediate between chlorite and mica. American Mineralogist 73: 876-87.
214
Pearce, J.A. and Cann, J.R. 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element
analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 19: 290-300.
Penfield, S.L. and Warren, C.H. 1899. Some new minerals from the zinc mines at Franklin, N.J., and note
concerning the chemical composition of ganomalite. American Journal of Science 8: 339-53.
Percival, I.G. and Glen, R.A. 2007. Ordovician to earliest Silurian history of the Macquarie Arc, Lachlan
Orogen, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 54: 143-65.
Percival, I.G., Quinn, C.D. and Glen, R.A. 2011. A review of Cambrian and Ordovician stratigraphy in New
South Wales. Quarterly Notes of the Geological Survey of New South Wales 137: 1-40.
Perkins, C., McDougall, I., Claoue-Long, J. and Heithersay, P.S. 1990. 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb Geochronology of
the Goonumbla Porphyry Cu-Au Deposits, New South Wales, Australia. Economic Geology 85: 1808-
24.
Peterman, Z.E. and Stuckless, J.S. 1992. Application of strontium and other radiogenic tracer isotopes to
paleohydrologic studies. In Paleohydrological methods and their applications: Proceedings of an NEA
Workshop, Paris (France), 9-10th November, 1992p. 59-84. Nuclear Energy Agency of the
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Pickett, J.W. and Percival, I.G. 2001. Ordovician faunas and biostratigraphy at Gunningbland, central New
South Wales. Alcheringa 25: 9-52.
Pollard, J.P. 2001. Sodic(–calcic) alteration in Fe-oxide–Cu–Au districts: an origin via unmixing of magmatic
H2O–CO2–NaCl ± CaCl2–KCl fluids. Mineralium Deposita 36: 93-100.
Pope, E.C. 2011. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation in hydrous minerals as indicators of fluid
source in modern and fossil metasomatic environments. PhD thesis. Stanford University, California
(unpubl.).
Powell, C.M., Edgecombe, D.R., Henry, N.M. and Jones, J.G. 1976. Timing of regional deformation of the hill
end trough: A reassessment. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 23: 407-21.
Price, P. 1953. Wall-rock alteration in northwestern Quebec. Geological Society of America Bulletin 64: 1464.
Proffett, J.M. 2003. Geology of the Bajo de la Alumbrera Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit, Argentina.
Putnis, A., Hinrichs, R., Putnis, C.V., Golla-Schindler, U. and Collins, L.G. 2007. Hematite in porous red-
clouded feldspars: Evidence of large-scale crustal fluid–rock interaction. Lithos 95: 10-8.
Qing, H., Barnes, C.R., Buhl, D. and Veizer, J. 1998. The strontium isotopic composition of Ordovician and
Silurian brachiopods and conodonts: relationships to geological events and implications for coeval
seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62: 1721-33.
Quinn, C.D., Percival, I.G., Glen, R.A. and Xiao, W.J. 2014. Ordovician marginal basin evolution near the
palaeo-Pacific east Gondwana margin, Australia. Journal of the Geological Society 171: 723-36.
Radclyffe, D. 1995. Regional-scale propylitic alteration in the Goonumbla mineral field, Parkes, NSW. BSc
(Hons) thesis. University of Tasmania, Hobart (unpubl.).
Raith, M. 1976. The Al-Fe(III)epidote miscibility gap in a metamorphic profile through the penninic series of
the Tauern window, Austria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 57: 99-117.
Ramírez, L.E., Palacios, C., Townley, B., Parada, M.A., Sial, A.N., et al. 2006. The Mantos Blancos copper
deposit: an upper Jurassic breccia-style hydrothermal system in the Coastal Range of Northern
Chile. Mineralium Deposita 41: 246-58.
Ransome, F.L. 1919. The copper deposits of Ray and Miami, Arizona. USGS Professional Paper 115
Redmond, P.B., Einaudi, M.T., Inan, E.E., Landtwing, M.R. and Heinrich, C.A. 2004. Copper deposition by fluid
cooling in intrusion-centered systems: New insights from the Bingham porphyry ore deposit, Utah.
Geology 32: 217-20.
Reed, M., Rusk, B. and Palandri, J. 2013. The Butte Magmatic-Hydrothermal System: One Fluid Yields All
Alteration and Veins. Economic Geology 108: 1379-96.
Reinecke, T. 1986. Crystal chemistry and reaction relations of piemontites and thulites from highly oxidized
low grade metamorphic rocks at Vitali, Andros Island, Greece. Contributions to Mineralogy and
Petrology 93: 56-76.
Revell Phillips, W. 1963. A differential thermal study of the chlorites. Mineralogical Magazine 33: 404-14.
Richards, J.P. 2003. Tectono-Magmatic Precursors for Porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) Deposit Formation. Economic
Geology 98: 1515-33.
215
Rickwood, P.C. 1989. Boundry lines within petrologic diagrams which use oxides of major and minor
elements. Lithos 22: 247-63.
Rimstidt, J.D. 1997. Gangue Mineral Transport and Deposition. In Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits
3rd Edition, ed. Barnes, H.L., p. 487-515. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Robinson, D., Mazzoli, C. and Primmer, T.J. 1994. Metabasite Paragenesis in South-West England.
Proceedings of the Ussher Society 8: 231-6.
Roedder, E. 1971. Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte,
Montana, and Climax, Colorado. Economic Geology 66: 98-118.
Roedder, E. 1984. Reviews in Mineralogy Vol. 12: Fluid inclusions: Mineralogical Society of America 646 pp.
Rotenberg, E., Davis, D.W., Amelin, Y., Ghosh, S. and Bergquist, B.A. 2012. Determination of the decay-
constant of 87Rb by laboratory accumulation of 87Sr. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 85: 41-57.
Rubin, J.N., Henry, C.D. and Price, J.G. 1993. Geochemistry of Accessory Minerals The mobility of zirconium
and other “immobile” elements during hydrothermal alteration. Chemical Geology 110: 29-47.
Rusk, B.G., Reed, M.H., Dilles, J.H., Klemm, L.M. and Heinrich, C.A. 2004. Compositions of magmatic
hydrothermal fluids determined by LA-ICP-MS of fluid inclusions from the porphyry copper–
molybdenum deposit at Butte, MT. Chemical Geology 210: 173-99.
Rusk, B.G., Reed, M.H. and Dilles, J.H. 2008. Fluid Inclusion Evidence for Magmatic-Hydrothermal Fluid
Evolution in the Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposit at Butte, Montana. Economic Geology 103:
307-34.
Rye, R.O. 1993. The evolution of magmatic fluids in the epithermal environment; the stable isotope
perspective. Economic Geology 88: 733-52.
Salters, V.J.M. and Stracke, A. 2004. Composition of the depleted mantle. Geochemistry, Geophysics,
Geosystems 5: n/a-n/a.
Savin, S.M. and Lee, M. 1988. Isotopic studies of phyllosilicates. In Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Volume 19: Hydrous Phyllosilicates (Exclusive of Micas),, ed. Bailey, S.W., p. 189-223. Mineralogical
Society of America.
Scheibner, E. 1993. Structural framework of New South Wales - synthesis. Geological Survey of New South
Wales Quarterly Notes 93: 1-36.
Scheibner, E. and Basden, H., eds. 1998. Geology of New South Wales - synthesis. Sydney: Geological
Survery of New South Wales
Schodde, R. 2012. Recent trends in copper exploration - are we finding enough? 34th International
Geological Congress, 5-10th August 2012, Brisbane.
Schodde, R. 2014. Uncovering exploration trends and the future: Where's exploration going? International
Mining and Resources (IMARC) Conference, 22nd September 2014. Melbourne.
Scotese, C.R. 2001. Atlas of Earth History, Volume 1, Paleogeography. Arlington, Texas: PALEOMAP Project.
52 pp.
Scott, S., Driesner, T. and Weis, P. 2015. Geologic controls on supercritical geothermal resources above
magmatic intrusions. Nature Communications 6: 7837.
Seedorff, E. and Einaudi, M.T. 2004. Henderson Porphyry Molybdenum System, Colorado: II. Decoupling of
Introduction and Deposition of Metals during Geochemical Evolution of Hydrothermal Fluids.
Seedorff, E., Dilles, J.H., Proffett, J.M., Einaudi, M.T., Zurcher, L., et al. 2005. Porphyry Deposits: Characteristics
and Origin of Hypogene Features. Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume: 251-98.
Seward, T.M. 1981. Metal complex formation in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures.
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 13: 113-32.
Seward, T.M. and Barnes, H.L. 1997. Metal Transport by Hydrothermal Ore Fluids. In Geochemistry of
Hydrothermal Ore Deposits 3rd Edition, ed. Barnes, H.L., p. 435-86. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Seward, T.M., Williams-Jones, A.E. and Migdisov, A.A. 2014. The Chemistry of Metal Transport and
Deposition by Ore-Forming Hydrothermal Fluids. In Treatise on Geochemistry (2nd Edition) Volume
13: Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, ed. Scott, S.D., p. 29-57. Oxford: Elsevier.
Shannon, J.R., Walker, B.M., Carten, R.B. and Geraghty, E.P. 1982. Unidirectional solidification textures and
their significance in determining relative ages of intrusions at the Henderson Mine, Colorado.
Geology 10: 293-7.
216
Sharp, Z.D. 1990. A laser-based microanalytical method for the in situ determination of oxygen isotope
ratios of silicates and oxides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 1353-7.
Sharp, Z.D. and Kirschner, D.L. 1994. Quartz-calcite oxygen isotope thermometry: A calibration based on
natural isotopic variations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58: 4491-501.
Shepel, A.V. and Karpenko, M.V. 1969. Mukhinite, a new vanadium species of epidote. Doklady Akademii
Nauk SSSR 185: 1342-5.
Sheppard, S.M.F., Nielsen, R.L. and Taylor, H.P. 1971. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in minerals from
porphyry copper deposits. Economic Geology 66: 515-42.
Sheppard, S.M.F. and Gustafson, L.B. 1976. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the porphyry copper deposit
at El Salvador, Chile. Economic Geology 71: 1549-59.
Sherwin, L. 1979. Age of the Nelungaloo Volcanics, near Parkes. Quarterly Notes of the Geological Survey of
New South Wales 35: 15-8.
Sherwin, L. 1996. Narromine 1:250,000 Geological Sheet SI/55-3: Explanatory Notes. pp. 104: Geological
Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
Sherwin, L. 2000. Yarrimbah Formation. In Forbes 1:250,000 Geological Sheet SI/55-7 (2nd edition) Explanatory
Notes, ed. Lyons, P., Raymond, O.L. and Duggan, M.B., p. 30. Geological Survey of New South Wales,
Sydney.
Shikazono, N. 1984. Compositional variations in epidote from geothermal areas. Geochemical Journal 18:
181-7.
Shikazono, N. and Kawahata, H. 1987. Compositional differences in chlorite from hydrothermally altered
rocks and hydrothermal ore deposits. Canadian Mineralogist 25: 465-74.
Shinohara, H. 1994. Exsolution of immiscible vapor and liquid phases from a crystallizing silicate melt:
Implications for chlorine and metal transport. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58: 5215-21.
Shinohara, H., Kazahaya, K. and Lowenstern, J.B. 1995. Volatile transport in a convecting magma column:
Implications for porphyry Mo mineralization. Geology 23: 1091-4.
Shinohara, H. and Hedenquist, J.W. 1997. Constraints on Magma Degassing beneath the Far Southeast
Porphyry Cu–Au Deposit, Philippines. Journal of Petrology 38: 1741-52.
Shiro, Y. and Sakai, H. 1972. Calculation of the reduced partition function ratios of alpha-beta quartz and
calcite. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 45: 2355-9.
Siahcheshm, K., Calagari, A.A., Abedini, A. and Sindern, S. 2014. Elemental mobility and mass changes
during alteration in the Maher-Abad porphyry Cu-Au deposit, SW Birjand, Eastern Iran. Periodico di
Mineralogia 83: 55-76.
Sillitoe, R.H. 1972. A Plate Tectonic Model for the Origin of Porphyry Copper Deposits. Economic Geology
67: 184-97.
Sillitoe, R.H. 1995. Gold-rich porphyry copper deposits: geological model and exploration implications. In
Mineral Deposit Modelling: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 40, ed. Kirkham, R.V.,
Sinclair, W.D., Thorpe, R.I. and Duke, J.M., p. 465-78.
Sillitoe, R.H. 1998. Epochs of intrusion-related copper mineralization in the Andes. Journal of South
American Earth Sciences 1: 89-108.
Sillitoe, R.H. 2000. Gold-rich porphyry deposits: Descriptive and genetic models and their role in exploration
and discovery. Society of Economic Geologists Reviews 13: 315-45.
Sillitoe, R.H. and Perelló, J. 2005. Andean copper province - Tectonomagmatic settings, deposit types,
metallogeny, exploration, and discovery. Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume: 845-90.
Sillitoe, R.H. 2010. Porphyry Copper Systems. Economic Geology 105: 3-41.
Sillitoe, R.H., Tolman, J. and Van Kerkvoort, G. 2013. Geology of the Caspiche Porphyry Gold-Copper
Deposit, Maricunga Belt, Northern Chile. Economic Geology 108: 585-604.
Simmons, W.B., Peacor, D.R., Essene, E.J. and Winter, G.A. 1981. Manganese minerals of Bald Knob, North
Carolina. Mineralogical Record 12: 167-71.
Simon, F.O. 1972. The distribution of chromium and tungsten in the rocks and minerals from the southern
California batholith. PhD thesis. University of Maryland, College Park (unpubl.).
Simpson, C.J., Cas, R.A.F. and Arundell, M.C. 2005. Volcanic evolution of a long-lived Ordovician island-arc
province in the Parkes region of the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia. Australian Journal of
217
Sinclair, W.D. 2007. Porphyry Deposits. In Mineral Deposits of Canada: A Synthesis of Major Deposit-Types,
District Metallogeny,the Evolution of Geological Provinces, and Exploration Methods, ed. Goodfellow,
W.D., p. 223-43. Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication
No. 5.
Skewes, A.M., Holmgren, C. and Stern, C.R. 2003. The Donoso copper-rich, tourmaline-bearing breccia pipe
in central Chile: petrologic, fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence for an origin from magmatic
fluids. Mineralium Deposita 38: 2-21.
Smith, D. and Albee, A.L. 1967. Petrology of a piemontite-bearing gneiss, San Ggiorgonio Pass, California.
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 16: 189-230.
Smith, J.R. and Bish, D.L. 1988. Crystal structures and cation sites of the rock-forming minerals. Boston: Allen
and Unwin. 332 pp.
Smith, W.C., Bannister, F.A. and Hey, M.H. 1946. Pennantite, a new manganese-rich chlorite from Benallt
mine, Rhiw, Carnarvonshire. Mineralogical Magazine 27: 217-20.
Sparks, R.S.J., Sigurdsson, H. and Wilson, L. 1977. Magma mixing: a mechanism for triggering acid explosive
eruptions. Nature 267: 315-8.
Sparks, R.S.J. and Marshall, L.A. 1986. Thermal and mechanical constraints on mixing between mafic and
silicic magmas. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 29: 99-124.
Spencer, E.T., Wilkinson, J.J., Creaser, R.A. and Seguel, J. 2015. The Distribution and Timing of Molybdenite
Mineralization at the El Teniente Cu-Mo Porphyry Deposit, Chile. Economic Geology 110: 387-421.
Spurr, J.E. 1905. Tonopah Mining District, Nevada. USGS Professional Paper 42
Squires, V.E. 1992. The mineralisation and alteration of the Endeavour 27 porphyry copper - gold deposit,
Goonumbla, New South Wales. BSc (Hons) thesis. University of Sydney, Sydney (unpubl.).
Stoffell, B., Wilkinson, J.J. and Jeffries, T.E. 2004. Metal Transport and Deposition in Hydrothermal Veins
Revealed by 213nm UV Laser Ablation Microanalysis of Single Fluid Inclusions. American Journal of
Science 304: 533-57.
Sun, S.-s. and McDonough, W.F. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications
for mantle composition and processes. Geological Society, London, Special Publication 42: 313-45.
Sun, W., Huang, R.-f., Li, H., Hu, Y.-b., Zhang, C.-c., et al. 2015. Porphyry deposits and oxidized magmas. Ore
Geology Reviews 65: 97-131.
Suzuoki, T. and Epstein, S. 1976. Hydrogen isotope fractionation between OH-bearing minerals and water.
Taylor, B.E. and O'Neil, J.R. 1977. Stable isotope studies of metasomatic Ca-Fe-Al-Si skarns and associated
metamorphic and igneous rocks, Osgood Mountains, Nevada. Contributions to Mineralogy and
Petrology 63: 1-49.
Taylor, H.P. and Epstein, S. 1962. Relationship Between 18O/16O Ratios in Coexisting Minerals of Igneous and
Metamorphic Rocks, Part 2. Application to Petrologic Problems. Geological Society of America
Bulletin 73: 675-93.
Taylor, H.P. 1968. The Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and
Petrology 19: 1-71.
Taylor, H.P. 1974. The Application of Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Studies to Problems of Hydrothermal
Alteration and Ore Deposition. Economic Geology 69: 843-83.
Taylor, H.P. 1978. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of plutonic granitic rocks. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters 38: 177-210.
Thompson, G.A. and White, D.E. 1964. Regional Geology of the Steamboat Springs Area, Washoe County,
Nevada. USGS Professional Paper 458-A
Timofeev, A. and Williams-Jones, A.E. 2015. Controls on the Distribution of Gallium in the Nechalacho REE
Deposit, NWT, Canada. Economic Geology 110: 173-85.
Treloar, P.J. 1987. Chromian muscovites and epidotes from Outokumpu, Finland. Mineralogical Magazine
51: 593-9.
Ulrich, T. and Heinrich, C.A. 2002. Geology and Alteration Geochemistry of the Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit at
Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina. Economic Geology 97: 1865-88.
Ulrich, T., Günther, D. and Heinrich, C.A. 2002. The Evolution of a Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Based on LA-ICP-
MS Analysis of Fluid Inclusions: Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina. Economic Geology 97: 1889-920.
218
Urqueta, E., Kyser, T.K., Clark, A.H., Stanley, C.R. and Oates, C.J. 2009. Lithogeochemistry of the Collahuasi
porphyry Cu–Mo and epithermal Cu–Ag (–Au) cluster, northern Chile: Pearce element ratio vectors
to ore. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment Analysis 9: 9-17.
Valsami, E. and Cann, J.R. 1992. Mobility of rare earth elements in zones of intense hydrothermal alteration
in the Pindos ophiolite, Greece. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 60: 219-32.
van Dongen, M., Tomkins, A.G. and Weinberg, R.F. 2009. Hydrothermal PGE and Au transport from upper
crustal felsic magma. Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2009. Davos, Switzerland.
van Dongen, M., Weinberg, R.F. and Tomkins, A.G. 2010. REE-Y, Ti, and P Remobilization in Magmatic Rocks
by Hydrothermal Alteration during Cu-Au Deposit Formation. Economic Geology 105: 763-76.
van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., de Groot, L.V., van Schaik, S.J., Spakman, W., Bijl, P.K., et al. 2015. A Paleolatitude
Calculator for Paleoclimate Studies. PLoS ONE 10: e0126946.
Veizer, J., Bruckschen, P., Pawellek, F., Diener, A., Podlaha, O.G., et al. 1997. Oxygen isotope evolution of
Phanerozoic seawater. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 132: 159-72.
Veizer, J., Ala, D., Azmy, K., Bruckschen, P., Buhl, D., et al. 1999. 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O evolution of
Phanerozoic seawater. Chemical Geology 161: 59-88.
Vennemann, T.W. and O'Neil, J.R. 1996. Hydrogen isotope exchange reactions between hydrous minerals
and molecular hydrogen: I. A new approach for the determination of hydrogen isotope
fractionation at moderate temperatures. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60: 2437-51.
Vry, V.H., Wilkinson, J.J., Seguel, J. and Millán, J. 2010. Multistage Intrusion, Brecciation, and Veining at El
Teniente, Chile: Evolution of a Nested Porphyry System. Economic Geology 105: 119-53.
Walshe, J.L. 1986. A six-component chlorite solid solution model and the conditions of chlorite formation
in hydrothermal and geothermal systems. Economic Geology 81: 681-703.
Watanabe, Y. and Hedenquist, J.W. 2001. Mineralogic and Stable Isotope Zonation at the Surface over the
El Salvador Porphyry Copper Deposit, Chile. Economic Geology 96: 1775-97.
Webby, B.D., Paris, F., Droser, M.L. and Percival, I.G. 2004. The Great Ordovician Biodiversity Event. New York:
Columbia University Press. 496 pp.
Weis, P., Driesner, T. and Heinrich, C.A. 2012. Porphyry-Copper Ore Shells Form at Stable Pressure-
Temperature Fronts Within Dynamic Fluid Plumes. Science 338: 1613-6.
Weis, P. 2015. The dynamic interplay between saline fluid flow and rock permeability in magmatic-
hydrothermal systems. Geofluids 15: 350-71.
Wenner, D.B. and Taylor, H.P. 1971. Temperatures of serpentinization of ultramafic rocks based on 18O/16O
fractionation between coexisting serpentine and magnetite. Contributions to Mineralogy and
Petrology 32: 165-85.
Wesolowski, D.J. and Palmer, D.A. 1994. Aluminum speciation and equilibria in aqueous solution: V.
Gibbsite solubility at 50°C and pH 3–9 in 0.1 molal NaCl solutions (a general model for aluminum
speciation; analytical methods). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58: 2947-69.
Wilkinson, J.J., Crowther, H.L. and Coles, B.J. 2011. Chemical mass transfer during hydrothermal alteration
of carbonates: Controls of seafloor subsidence, sedimentation and Zn–Pb mineralization in the Irish
Carboniferous. Chemical Geology 289: 55-75.
Wilkinson, J.J. 2013. Triggers for the formation of porphyry ore deposits in magmatic arcs. Nature
Geoscience 6: 917-25.
Wilkinson, J.J., Chang, Z., Cooke, D.R., Baker, M.J., Wilkinson, C.C., et al. 2015. The chlorite proximitor: A new
tool for detecting porphyry ore deposits. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 152: 10-26.
Williams-Jones, A.E. and Heinrich, C.A. 2005. 100th Anniversary Special Paper: Vapor Transport of Metals and
the Formation of Magmatic-Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Economic Geology 100: 1287-312.
Wilshire, H.G. 1957. Propylitization of Tertiary volcanic rocks near Ebbetts Pass, Alpine County, California.
University of California publications in geological sciences 32: 243-72.
Wilson, A.J., Cooke, D.R., Stein, H.J., Fanning, C.M., Holliday, J.R. and Tedder, I.J. 2007. U-Pb and Re-Os
Geochronologic Evidence for Two Alkalic Porphyry Ore-Forming Events in the Cadia District, New
South Wales, Australia. Economic Geology 102: 3-26.
Wolfe, R.C. 1994. The Geology, paragenesis and alteration geochemistry of the Endeavour 48 Cu-Au
porphyry, Goonumbla NSW. BSc (Hons) thesis. University of Tasmania, Hobart (unpubl.).
Wolfe, R.C. 1996. A magmatic origin for late-stage sericite-alunite alteration at the Endeavour 48 Cu-Au
porphyry deposit, Goonumbla, NSW. Geological Society of Australia Abstracts 41: 480.
219
Workman, R.K. and Hart, S.R. 2005. Major and trace element composition of the depleted MORB mantle
(DMM). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 231: 53-72.
Yang, Z., Hou, Z., White, N.C., Chang, Z., Li, Z. and Song, Y. 2009. Geology of the post-collisional porphyry
copper–molybdenum deposit at Qulong, Tibet. Ore Geology Reviews 36: 133-59.
Zacharias, J. and Wilkinson, J.J. 2007. ExLAM 2000: Excel VBA application for processing of transient signals
from laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS) of fluid inclusions and solid phases. ECROFI-XIX Biennial Conference
on European Current Research on Fluid Inclusions. Bern, Switzerland.
Zagorsky, V.Y., Peretyazhko, I.S., Sapozhnikov, A.N., Zhukhlistov, A.P. and Zvyagin, B.B. 2003. Borocookeite,
a new member of the chlorite group from the Malkhan deposit, Central Transbaikalia, Russia.
American Mineralogist 88: 830-6.
Zaluski, G., Nesbitt, B. and Muehlenbachs, K. 1994. Hydrothermal alteration and stable isotope systematics
of the Babine porphyry Cu deposits, British Columbia; implications for fluid evolution of porphyry
systems. Economic Geology 89: 1518-41.
Zhang, L., Liu, J., Zhou, H. and Chen, Z. 1989. Oxygen isotope fractionation in the quartz-water-salt system.
Zheng, Y.-F. 1991. Calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation in metal oxides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta 55: 2299-307.
Zheng, Y.-F. 1993a. Calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation in anhydrous silicate minerals. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta 57: 1079-91.
Zheng, Y.-F. 1993b. Calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation in hydroxyl-bearing silicates. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters 120: 247-63.
220
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Reference guide to Northparkes lithologies ............................................................................................. 223
Appendix B: Drillhole logging sheets .................................................................................................................................. 225
Appendix C: Sample information ......................................................................................................................................... 289
Appendix D: Whole rock sample descriptions and major element geochemistry dataset................................... 309
Appendix E: Whole rock trace element geochemistry dataset ..................................................................................... 343
Appendix F: Chlorite major element mineral chemistry dataset (SEM-EDS)............................................................ 375
Appendix G: Epidote major element mineral chemistry dataset (SEM-EDS)............................................................ 451
Appendix H: Chlorite trace element mineral chemistry dataset (LA-ICP-MS) .......................................................... 563
Appendix I: Epidote trace element mineral chemistry dataset (LA-ICP-MS)............................................................. 603
221
222
APPENDIX A: REFERENCE GUIDE TO NORTHPARKES LITHOLOGIES
General information
The appendix is a poster-style guide to Northparkes geology. Please note it was designed to be either
viewed digitally or printed on A0 sized paper.
223
Ada m Pa ce y
Wi t h s o m e p h o t o s k i n d l y p r ov i d e d by
R i c h a r d Le s h a n d Ada m S chwa r z
T HE R OCKS OF N O R T H PA R K E S
A. B. B IOTITE Q UARTZ M ONZONITE T RACHYTIC V OLCANICS V OLCANIC S ANDSTONE V OLCANIC C ONGLOMERATE P EPERITE A NDESITIC V OLCANICS (L ATITE )
Timing: Pre -mineralisation plutonic system Ti mi n g: Pre - mi n era l is a t i on co u n t r y r oc k Ti m i n g: Pre - m i n eral i s at i on coun t r y r oc k Ti m i n g: Pre - min e ralisatio n co un tr y r o ck Tim ing : Pre - m ine ralisatio n co untr y r o ck Tim ing : Pre - m ine ralisatio n co untr y r o ck
M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : E 2 6 a n d E 4 8 M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t
Variab le in tex ture fro m co ar se and eq uigranu lar (A- C ) Typically occurs as par t of the Wombin Volcanics with charac teristic Encompassing volcaniclastic (A,B) to deep marine dark Typically clasts of andesite or trachyte (A,C,D) and other I ntimate mix tures of sediment and volcanics (A,B), typically Form a large propor tion of the submarine Goonumbla Volcanics and,
t h ro u g h to m e d i u m gra i n e d a n d s e m i - p o r p hy r i t i c reddish colouration (A-D), of ten strongly hematite reddened (C,D). sediments, variable from fine muds and silts through to volcaniclastics (B,D) in a fine sand-silt matrix. Tex ture may andesitic lavas and sills. Usually consisting volcanic clasts although some submarine lava flows may be obser ved, the majority
Moderately reddened more equigranular; E26D499, 325 m. Unreddened more equigranular; E26D499, 411 m.
(D -H). The equigranular variet y consists interlock ing Largely forms submarine lavas and sills, although some sills may be coarse sandstone (C,D), although fine sandstone is most be ex tremely difficult to obser ve (C ), especially if split apar t by small quantities of sediment which may form appear to be sills emplaced into the volcano -sedimentar y pile. O f ten
C. D. p l agio cl ase an d al k ali feldspars of 2 -3 mm size, min or offshoots of the later plutonic system, hence contex t is impor tant. common (C ). Typically massive and featureless but some containing mega- clasts, but may be enhanced by neptunian dykes (A). Tex ture caused by interac tion of referred to as latites as they are thought early equivalents of the
quar tz and mafic components (mainly biotite, Found as fragments along with blocks of welded ignimbrite in successions may show (graded) bedding and loading alteration (A). Combined with the volcanic sandstones magma with wet unsolidified sediment; it is useful in plutonic system, however most are basaltic trachyandesites based on
a m p h i b o l e a n d m a gn e t i te ) . I n t h e m o re p o r p hy r i t i c Wombin conglomerates, indicating some coeval subaerial struc tures; coarser units may be rich in cr ystal fragments. these units represent a thick submarine volcaniclastic distinguishing sills, with two peperitic margins, from lavas, geochemical classification. O f ten black to dark brown colouration
varieties, euhedral plagioclase phenocr ysts dominate volcanism. Usually aphanitic to finely porphyritic (B,D) with sparse succession probably formed on/around a stratovolcano. where only the base is affec ted. However, hyaloclastic and charac teristic porphyritic tex ture (A-D) with medium (1-4 mm
at ~40-60%, along with subhedral to euhedral mafics, set 1-3 mm long plagioclase and occasional alk ali feldspar phenocr ysts. A. B. breccias may occur on the top of submarine lavas (C ). long) plagioclase laths in a ver y fine to aphanitic groundmass.
in a fine (but still visibly cr ystalline) interstitial mass B.
A. B. Hematisation
Weakly reddened more equigranular; E26D467, 360 m. Moderately reddened, semi-porphyritic; E34D3, 1477 m. o f i nterl ock in g alk al i fel dsp ar and qu ar tz. The ro ck i s B.
E. F. usually hematite reddened (A,E,F), but areas of original
light coloured material can be encountered (G). O ther
Chloritisation
alteration t ypes enhance ( J ) or destroy tex ture A. A.
accordingly. M ay locally contain specks of copper Contact between two beds, left side showing fining Massive medium sandstone with one Unusually clear example of texture owing to Clasts of dark sediment surrounded by light Texture enhanced with biotite alteration of B.
sulphide and frequent countr y rock xenoliths (I). Potassic altered with small alkali feldspar phenocrysts cut by Potassic altered, very fine grained; upper sample cut upwards with crystals at the base; strongly andesite clast (arrow); strongly epidote-hematite alteration; E48D134, 417 m. silt; strongly biotite altered; E48D134, 674 m. A. groundmass, arrowed features likely alteration Typical texture enhanced by zoned, intense chlorite to hematite
quartz-sulphide veins with alkali feldspar halos; E48D134, 875 m. by small calcite filled fracture; E48D169, around 370 m. epidote-chlorite-hematite altered; E48D134, 311 m. epidote-chlorite altered; E48D134, 361 m. blebs but may be amygdales; E34D3; 1108 m. alteration surrounding vein on right; E34D3; 657 m.
Sections showing peperitic mix of reddish volcanics and grey
Three core sections showing xenoliths C. D. sediment, including neptunian dyke (arrowed); E34D3, 322 m.
I. of andesitic volcanics inside a thin C. D.
Strong reddening, semi-porphyritic and with epidote Strong reddening of groundmass, semi-porphyritic and cut C. D. C. D.
replacing mafic components; E26D361, 141 m. by aplite vein with patchy epidote; E34D3, 630 m. intrusion, almost an intrusive breccia,
E34D3; 1012-1013 m.
G. H.
J.
Peperitic mix of grey sediment and Usual appearance with texture less obvious, here Biotite altered with quartz-sulphide and alkali feldspar veins,
Typical massive fine sandstone, here Rare example of bedding in fine silt layer between massive Trachytic clasts in silt, only noticeable owing to Volcanic (reddish) and sediment (black) clasts in C.
reddish volcanics, cut by epidote
Strongly hematite reddened and porphyritic with glassy Notably coarse and porphyritic forming part of the showing blebby epidote alteration; E34D3, 477 m. however texture still visible with close inspection; E48D134, 885 m.
biotite altered; E48D134, 740 m. fine sandstone; epidote-chlorite altered; E48D134, 358 m. porphyritic nature and slight redness; E26D360, 759 m. fine crystal rich matrix; E48D134, 478 m. Hyaloclastic breccia on top of andesitic lava; E34D3, 277 m. veinlets; E34D3, 648 m.
groundmass; E26D468, 183 m. volcanic succession, likely sub-volcanic sill; BZD59, 180 m.
Pervasive and texturally enhancing sericite-
hematite-carbonate alteration close to a fault
zone. Illite gives green colouration to replaced Aphanitic trachyte
Same as F, but with no hematite reddening, semi-porphyritic Hematite reddening in alkali feldspar groundmass only, T RACHYTIC S ILLS /M INOR I NTRUSIONS B.
plagioclase, hematite replaces mafics; sill intruding dark L ATE FAULTS H YDROTHERMAL B RECCIAS ( EACH TYPE LABELLED ON CENTRAL DIAGRAM ) A. B. C.
and with small epidote vein; E34D3, 1068 m. forming halo to epidote vein; E34D3, 1070 m.
E34D3, 574 m. volcanic sandstone;
Ti mi n g: Va r i a b le, as s oc i at ed wi t h s everal i n t r us i on s E48D148, 355 m.
Ti m i n g: Pos t - m i n eral i satio n
M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t Tim ing : Va r iable, asso ciate d with se ve ral intr usio ns
M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : E 2 6 a n d E 4 8
M inor intrusions, usually sills, typically A. A-C: Examples of pebble dykes showing
A LKALI F ELDSPAR G RANITE A PLITE Semi-porphyritic A series of faults across the area that are varying degrees of grey rock flour matrix.
associated with irregular margins of the trachyte, close to Sericitic alteration and calcite veining in biotite quartz monzonite close to Two distinc t types exist at Nor thparkes. 1) The C shows epidote development and
usually zones of intense sericitic alteration
Timing: Pre -mineralisation plutonic system Tim in g : Va r i a b le, a s s o ci a t e d w i t h s eve ra l in t r u s i on s plutonic system and as par t of the contact with, fault zone; E34D3, 1447 m. ‘pebble dykes’ consisting sub -angular to rounded hematite reddening which bleaches out
and likely an
(A), calcite veining, fault gouges (B) and of the margins indicating it was a late
M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : E 4 8 a n d s u r r o u n d i n g s M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t trachytic volcanic host succession. clasts of intrusive rock , countr y rock and mineralised
offshoot of, the sometimes remobilised Cu, forming minor fluid conduit. A: GD717, 630 m; B:
Variably porphyritic (A), with dominant biotite quartz veins in a fine dark rock flour matrix (A- C ). These E48D134, 455 m; C: unknown hole.
sulphides. This includes the Altona thrust
Fi n e gra i n e d to a p h a n i t i c a n d s u g a r y tex t u re d ( B - C ) ve i n s a n d plagioclase phenocr ysts, to aphanitic (B). monzonite; likely form by late phreatomagmatic ac tivity. 2)
This material forms par t of the pre -mineralisation E34D3, 1197 m. which cuts across the top of GRP314 and
intrusive system along with the biotite quar tz dy kes of apl ite occur acro ss th e di str ic t. They are co m pose d Those breccias associated with magmatic volatile D-F: Examples of hydrothermal breccias
contains E28 in the hangingwall. related to supply of exsolved volatiles from
monzonite, with which it shows gradational contac ts largely of alk ali feldspar and quar tz, usually only with inter vals exsolution and fluid escape, therefore consisting
porphyries. Infill in D is by anhydrite and
over vari ou s distances f ro m a few mete rs to 1 0’s of of several cm to several tens of cm. Such small volume S EMI -S CHEMATIC C ROSS S ECTION Mylonite/fault gouge cut by late calcite vein; E34D3, 511 m.
intimate mix tures of intrusive igneous rock and chalcopyrite, showing fluid was oxidised
quar tz or anhydrite dominated veins/pockets (D -F). and metal and sulphur rich; E26D544,
centimetres (D -E). The alk ali feldspar granite is relatively m i c ro s ye n i t i c m e l t s we re p ro b a b l y d e r i ve d f ro m co o l i n g o f t h e Diagram brings together all rock types, intrusion geometries and relationships into one cross section. However, geometry of the plutonic system and 348-m. E contains quartz cemented quartz
equigranular, t ypically consisting 10-30% euhedral various intrusive phases, and as such cut across a range of host position of mineralised porphyries is adapted from a section by Lye (2010), while detail of mineralised porphyry phases is based off sections of E26 by monzonite fragments; CND1, 396 m. F
plagioclase surrounded by only slightly finer intergrown intrusions. S ome may be hosted within the biotite quar tz Lickfold (2002) to ensure realistic dimensions and features. Thickness of country rock volcanic units exaggerated for simplicity, rest to scale. notably contains fine bladed biotite in D.
anhydrite, growing into what would have
a l k a l i fe l d s p a r a n d q u a r t z . M a fi c s a re re s t r i c te d to o n l y monzonite and truncated by later mineralised veins, while I NTRUSIVE B RECCIAS been a fluid filled cavity. Clasts are of
1-2 % (A). I t i s th erefore a m ore fel sic an d evol ved ph ase othe rs clearl y cu t p revi ou sl y min eral ised zon es (A). biotite quartz monzonite, surrounding the
Ignimbrite Altona porphyry from which fluid evolved;
containing less plagioclase and mafics, and more alk ali mega-blocks Tim in g : Variable, formed by several intrusions
A. A. E26D544, 446 m.
fel dsp ar and qu ar tz, than th e bi oti te quar tz mon zon ite M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t Porphyry cemented plutonic clasts; E26D501W1, 1385 m.
(B, D & E) . The t wo ph ase s l ike ly con stitu te a co mp osite / E. F.
zoned parental pluton to the mineralising systems. A.
These consist dominantly a variety of angular to
Alteration makes determining bet ween biotite quar tz rounded clasts cemented by intrusive igneous
Typical relatively equigranular Aplitic dyke (right hand side) cuts potassic altered biotite quartz monzonite, truncating two generations of
mo nzo ni te an d alk ali fe ldspar grani te m ore di fficu lt (C ). texture; E26D361, 341 m. cs - ty
picallycs rock (A,B), occurring along the intrusion edge.
mineralised quartz sulphide veins, the earliest showing a distinct black biotite halo. Aplite itself is then cut by a quartz lcani and clasti
sulphide vein indicating syn- to late-mineralisation timing; E26D529, 168 m. bin Vo cs Caused by stoping, par ticularly into frac tured
Wom ic volcani ically
yt s, typ cs
trach lcanic d clasti
bla Vo nics an
rock , or by pressure differences between the
B. C. D. B. Aphanitic uniform sugary texture of small aplite um lca
Goon sitic vo countr y rock and intrusion, especially if it is B.
dyke, cut by calcite hematite vein, with hematite ande
volatile rich, likely the case for A and B. Volcanic and intrusive fragments of varying size cemented by fine
blebs developed around vein; E34D3, 642 m. red late porphyry, overprinted by patchy epidote; E34D3, 782 m. M ONZODIORITE
Timing: Pre -mineralisation Plutonic System
Porphyry related
Very fine grained and uniform texture of small
hydrothermal breccias M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t
Pebble dyke O THER L ATE P ORPHYRIES A.
aplitic dyke; E34D3, 615 m.
C. Coarse, equigranular plutonic A.
Timing: Late - to post-mineralisation rock consisting 20-50% mafics,
224
M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : E 3 4 (augite and biotite with lesser
magnetite and hornblende),
Besides the zero, other quar tz monzonite interlock ing with ~60-70%
BQM Typical texture of the E34 post-mineralisation porphyry with biotite quartz
porphyries which clearly post- date plagioclase and minor alk ali
Texture and compositional differences between Quartz stockwork in alkali feldspar granite monzonite xenolith; E34D3, 806 m.
alkali feldspar granite (left) and biotite quartz overprinted by white sericite-silica alteration, making mineralisation may be encountered. A good feldspar (~10%). Lacks much
monzonite (right); E26D361, 340 & 371 m. texture difficult to observe; E48D134, 893 m. example is around E34 (A,B) where a notably B.
BQM hematite reddening with little Rounded monzodiorite xenolith within biotite quartz
M INERALISED P ORPHYRIES fine grained, weak ly hematite reddened, enrichment in Cu. As the monzonite; CND5, 641 m.
BQM
D and E: examples of the porphyr y occurs as small intrusions, likely earliest recognised intrusive phase it may be obvious if
subtle/gradual nature of the contact Tim i n g: Ea r l y- , s yn - a n d l a t e - m in e ra li s a t i on
(highlighted) between the biotite
sills. I t consists dominantly subhedral obser ved as xenoliths in biotite quar tz monzonite (A). O ther wise
quartz monzonite (BQM) and alkali M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : E 2 2 , E 2 6 , E 2 7 , E 4 8 a n d G R P 3 1 4 plagioclase feldspar with occasional (1-10%) may be difficult to distinguish from equigranular biotite quar tz
feldspar granite. D: E48D162, 211 m; euhedral alk ali feldspar phenocr ysts set in
E. E: E26D361 309 m. E34 post-mineralisation porphyry, sample relatively rich in euhedral alkali
monzonite. Contac t relationships, assay data and abundance of
M any different porphyr y intrusions occur at Nor thparkes, all are quar tz ~200 m an alk ali feldspar groundmass. feldspar phenocrysts; E34D3, 849 m. quar tz, alk ali feldspar and mafics are discriminating fac tors.
m on zo nite s (Q MP) , wi th p lagi ocl ase an d al k ali fel dsp ar p he no cr ysts in
a charac teristi c aph an i ti c su gar y grou ndmass. I ntru si on g eom e tr y
varies from elongate pipes through to ver tically ex tensive dykes. The A. B. C. D. Z ERO P ORPHYRY
B ASIC D YKES
m i n e r a l i s e d p o r p hy r i e s, t h e m s e l ve s e n r i c h e d i n Cu a n d Au, p rov i d e d
Tim i n g : Po s t - m i n era l is a t io n co ndu its for th e focuse d flu x of m etal ri ch aq u eou s m agmat ic flu ids. Timing: Late - to post-mineralisation
Fl u i d re l e a s e l e d to t h e fo r m a t i o n o f t h e q u a r t z - s u l p h i d e s to c k wo r k J. B ASE M ETAL V EINS Xeno.
M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : E 4 8 a n d G R P 3 1 4 M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t
ve i n s w h i c h s u r ro u n d a n d m ay c u t t h e p o r p hy r i e s d e p e n d i n g o n
intrusion timing. Composition of phenocr ysts and ex tent of cr ystal Timing: Syn- to late -mineralisation Patchy
Cut tin g across al l li tho lo gi es are disti nc t crowding can also help distinguish individual intrusions. hematite Occurs as monzonite porphyr y dykes and minor intrusions with ver y
M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : W h o l e d i s t r i c t
alk ali ne mafic dyke s (l amprop hyres). low Cu and Au; only overprinted by hematite reddening and propylitic
The y are ver y fine grain ed and usual ly Li ckfol d e t al. (20 03) i dent ifie d th ree po rphy r y variet ie s co m mon to These are faults of variable displacement alteration (A-D), never containing mineralised veins. More mafic than
on ly a few 10 ’s of cm wid e, b ut may t h e N o r t h p a r k e s d e p o s i t s b a s e d o n t h e a b u n d a n ce o f m a fi c Augite K-feldspar QMP/POR1, sample cut by quartz- that host strong silicification, with accessory preceding, mineralised porphyries; phenocr ysts consisting 5-15%
reach a co upl e of me ters. B. sulphide vein with K-feldspar halo, hence POR1. Note a n hyd r i te a n d c a l c i te, s u r ro u n d e d by a mafics (augite, biotite and magnetite), 60-70% plagioclase and 10-20%
phenocr ysts and timing relationships. These were: predominance of augite as the mafic phenocryst phase;
E26D497, 630 m. halo of sericitic alteration. They are alk ali feldspar in an aphanitic alk ali feldspar groundmass. Usually
Timing is variable, truncating 1 ) Bio tite phyric (F a nd G; pur ple in dia gram): obser vable in assay data owing to brown- dark red coloured (C ), cr ystal crowded and with alk ali feldspar
mineralisation, but with the majorit y K. enrichment in Zn, Fe, S and frequently Pb. phenocr ysts larger than plagioclase.
A.
a l te re d to a c re a m s e r i c i te - c a r b o n a te - Late - and early-mineralisation, volumetrically minor dykes. As such, pyrite is ubiquitous and sphalerite
K-feldspar QMP/POR2 (bottom) intruding dark volcanics with intense stockwork
suggesting emplacement while there is - 2 0-60% p hen ocr ysts, comp o sed 60- 80% pl agio clase, 1 0 -2 0 % alk ali veining. Much lower vein density in porphyry suggests late POR2, but could K-feldspar QMP/POR1/2, showing is common (A-B). G alena is rarer, possibly O ften forms a composite intrusion with dark brown porphyritic basaltic
s t i l l a n a c t i ve hyd ro t h e r m a l s ys te m ( e. g. fel dspar and 5-1 0% mafics ( bi otite, au gi te an d magne ti te) . potentially be POR1/2. Lack of mafic phenocrysts along with uniform uncrowded distinct phenocryst of euhedral alkali present as disseminated specks or with Pb trachyandesite, containing sparse plagioclase phenocr ysts. This
texture and salmon pink colouration (potassic alteration) result in K-feldspar QMP feldspar along with mainly subhedral Hematite,
A, E an d F ). O th ers are un affe c ted by classification; E48D163, 382-391 m. plagioclase; E48D193, 354 m. a n i m p u r i t y i n s p h a l e r i te. Au a n d Ag m ay replacing trachyandesite occurs along the margins of the zero, with gradational
this alteration and are probably later 2 ) K-feldspar phyric (A to E; red in diagra m): mafics? to sharp contac ts, and as irregular xenoliths within it (D). These
a l s o b e e n r i c h e d, w i t h c h a l co py r i te a n d
Augite K-feldspar QMP/POR1/2, with two distinct sizes of
(e.g. B), whi le som e lamp rop hyre mel ts - M ost abundant early- to syn-mineralisation variet y.
C. D. alkali feldspar phenocrysts. Sample cut by thin quartz veins tennantite sometimes found. Particularly crystal crowded Strongly hematite altered; Classic and most common Irregular xenoliths of basaltic composite dykes record late mafic re -injec tion of the magmatic system,
exploit late struc tures such as the but of low density suggesting POR1/2; E26D497, 348 m. and grey coloured example; particularly mafic likely owing appearance showing trachyandesite in sample initially forming basaltic trachyandesite dykes. M ixing with remnant
- N o t a b l y p a l e s a l m o n p i n k i n co l o u r b u t m ay b e d a r k e r re d. E26D539, 551 m. to assimilation of basaltic zonation in alkali feldspar with hematite blebs and
Al tona f au lt and are th ere fore cle ar ly The ve ins likely formed towa rd the end of trachyandesite, small
felsic magma then likely produced the zero porphyr y, injec ted into the
- Uncrowded, with 20-40% phenocr ysts almost entirely of plagioclase and epidote-chlorite altered reddening of feldspars;
much later. L. main porphyr y mineralisation by focused xenoliths of which remain; same struc tures, before the trachyandesite had completely cooled.
and alk ali feldspar. Crucially contains few (<2%) mafic phenocr ysts mafics; E26D480, 400 m. E34D3, 184 m.
fluid flow through faults in the countr y E34D3, 156 m.
(b io ti te an d magneti te).
Th e s e d y k e s m a r k a re t u r n to m o re m a fi c K-feldspar QMP/POR1, cut by several generations of K-feldspar QMP/POR1/2, containing a xenolith of biotite
roc k , i.e. sub - epitherma l veins. Frequently
A. magmatic conditions following the these veins/faults have been re -ac tivated
3 ) Augite & K-feldspar phyric (H to M; orange in diagram): stockwork veins indicating early timing (hence POR1 quartz monzonite which is cut by a quartz-sulphide vein, A. B. C.
Dyke intruding alkali feldspar granite; both granite and classification). Lack of mafic phenocrysts, texture and colour however these veins also cut the porphyry which includes
Q UARTZ M ONZONITE
felsic monzonite suite; indicating p ro d u c i n g c a l c i te b re cc i a s ( B - D) .
dyke margins show intense cream quartz-sericite- result in K-feldspar QMP classification; E48D237, 261 m. minor sulphide flecks, hence clear syn-mineralisation timing
carbonate alteration which did not penetrate the centre pe ri odic tapp ing o f mantl e mel ts i n the - Syn- to late -mineralisation timing. and POR1/2 classification; E26D467, 320 m. Tim ing : E ar ly- m ine ralisatio n
Sphalerite
of the dyke; E48D201, 287-291 m. area. - O f ten dark rust colouration. E. Anhy. A. (yellowish colour
F. indicative of low-
M a i n l o ca l i t i e s : G R P 3 1 4 a n d E 2 6
- C rowded to uncrowded; p he no cr ysts co mp ri sed 7 0 -8 0 % POR1/2, sample contains a biotite quartz monzonite xenolith Sphal.
Unusual example of cut by a thin biotite vein; mafics are partially chloritised. Fe), with pyrite,
B. p lagio clase, 10-3 0% al k ali fel dspar an d 2 -5 % m afics (au gi te, chalcopyrite and Intrudes the biotite quar tz monzonite -alk ali feldspar Xeno.
a relatively fresh and Likely an augite K-feldspar QMP owing to dark rust
unaltered mafic b i o t i te a n d m a gn e t i te ± h o r n b l e n d e ) . colouration, approx. 1/3 alkali feldspar phenocryst content anhydrite in a granite plutonic system; the contac t varies from
dyke with sharp and seemingly limited augite mafics; E26D519, 538 m. silicified mass;
sharp with xenoliths (A,D) to diffuse and gradational, Contact between quartz monzonite (right) and biotite Contact between quartz monzonite (left) and augite K-feldspar
margins cutting E26, unknown hole.
There are however t wo problems with this classification. First it can be quartz monzonite (left) showing transfer of some QMP (POR1/2; right) containing quartz monzonite xenoliths;
quartz monzonite; M. while at GRP314 the quar tz monzonite is cut by plagioclase crystals (arrow); E34D3, 1477 m. BZD32, 763.9 m.
d iffi cul t to discrim in ate b et ween 1 and 3 ab ove, t he mai n diffe re nce K-feldspar QMP/POR1, further early-mineralisation example Biotite QMP/POR1/2, sample with xenoliths of dark coherent B.
BZD10, 544 m. mineralised porphyries (B). Tex ture varies between
with oscillatory zoning visible in alkali feldspar phenocrysts; volcanics typical of E22. Classified as biotite QMP owing to
being only a slightly increased abundance of mafic phenocr ysts in 1, E26D484, 75 m. presence of small biotite phenocrysts, while included specks truly porphyritic with an aphanitic groundmass D. E.
m ai n ly of b io tite o ppo sed to au gite (e. g. L to O) . S eco nd, thi s of bornite indicate syn-mineralisation timing; E22D279, 456 m. (E,C,G) to semi-porphyritic with visibly cr ystalline
classification gives little information regarding the relationship to ore G. H.
Similar to B, example
groundmass (D,H). Associated with generally Porphyry texture with
s to c k wo r k . Fo r m i n e l o g gi n g, p o r p hy r y c l a s s i fi c a t i o n i s t h e re fo re b a s e d I.
of a relatively fresh C. elevated Cu compared to host rocks, it appears to be rounded anhedral plagioclase,
and unaltered mafic on relative timing with respec t to mineralisation, with three groups: Grey sub-angular fragments of quartz vein material containing sphalerite subhedral zoned K-feldspar
an early-mineralisation phase, transitional between and fine anhedral quartz
dyke, but containing and pyrite within a later calcite cemented breccia. Note surrounding sericitic
white patches of POR1/2, with uniform crowded texture. Based on this photo alteration with hematite rich areas; E26D361, 643 m. final solidification of the biotite quar tz monzonite blebs; E26D467, 440 m.
carbonate likely
• P OR1 - Ear ly- to syn -min eral isati on po rphy ri es wi th th e sam e to alone, the lack of veins would indicate POR2 classification. and intrusion of the porphyries.
s l i g h t l y l owe r a b u n d a n ce o f s to c k wo r k ve i n s a s t h e s u r ro u n d i n g ro c k , Low volume of mafic phenocrysts with presence of augite Strongly
infilling original Biotite quartz monzonite xenoliths in semi- Quartz monzonite with true porphyry texture cut by quartz H.
suggest it is an augite K-feldspar variety; E26D540, 519 m. silicified vein
vesicles; E48D162, vei ns also cut i ntrusi ve co nt ac ts. PO R1 n earl y al ways cor resp on ds to Phenocr ysts consist 5-10% anhedral quar tz, 50-70% porphyritic quartz monzonite; E26D507W1, 1158 m. sulphide and then anhydrite veins; E26, unknown hole.
material, cut
418 m.
t he K-fel dsp ar vari et y of Li ck fol d et al. (2 003) , n um ber 2 ab ove. by calcite- subhedral to anhedral plagioclase and 10-25% euhedral
N.
pyrite and F. G.
then calcite to subhedral alk ali feldspar with minor mafics (1-5%).
As for C but now • P OR2 - Late -mineralisation porphyries which are only cut by minor Augite K-feldspar QMP/POR1/2, crowded texture with distinct subhedral augite phenocrysts
D. now partially chloritised. Feldspar phenocrysts show a typical 1:3 ratio between alkali feldspar veining; Compared to the biotite quar tz monzonite, it:
overprinted by mineralised veins and truncate densely veined areas. and plagioclase, with the alkali variety showing some macroscopic zonation; E26D497, 630 m. E34D3, 1421 m. C.
sericite-carbonate
alteration in the dyke
Weakly silicified
- Contains less mafics (biotite and magnetite; A-H)
margin giving a light E. F. • P OR1 /2 - R e fe r s to s y n - m i n e r a l i s a t i o n p o r p hy r i e s w h i c h s h ow m i xe d
POR2, late mineralisation vein material - Contains a finer groundmass with more alk ali
colouration; ch ar ac teristi cs, surro un ded by asso ciated in ten se stoc k wo rk b ut c ut Biotite QMP/POR1/2, with a
Margins of cream white sericite-carbonate porphyry with dark again later
E48D162, 419 m. bornite bleb. Phenocrysts POR1/2, although lack of veins in photo would indicate POR2 feldspar phenocr ysts and quar tz blebs (C ).
altered aphanitic dykes intruding biotite by some veins from the late mineralisation intrusions. hematite colouration and brecciated and
seem aligned around the classification. Dark rust colour and low volume of mafics
quartz monzonite, F shows excellent bornite, itself with embayed
minor mafics, but without cemented by - Typically, but not always (F,G), is less crystal crowded
suggest it is an augite K-feldspar QMP, however most mafics
intrusive brecciation. E: E34D3, 1368 m; F: further observation could calcite; (C,E) with rounded, anhedral plagioclase (B,E,C ). Two samples of the same quartz monzonite body showing Variety showing true porphyry texture/aphanitic Semi-porphyritic with
margins indicating disequilib- appear to be biotite and there is a low volume of alkali
E34D3, 1312 m. Note: both the above porphyr y classifications may group intrusions rium, suggesting it is a
be biotite or augite K-feld- E48D134, the effect of hematite reddening (left) on appearance; groundmass and unusually large alkali feldspar phenocrysts; sparse mafics; E26,
O. feldspar phenocrysts, suggesting it could also be a biotite - Is more enriched in metals.
w h i c h a re o t h e r w i s e d i s t i n c t i n te r m s o f p h e n o c r ys t s i ze a n d c rowd i n g. spar QMP; BZD15, 390 m. D. 274 m. BZD15, around 790 m. BZD10, around 600 m. unknown hole.
xenolith; E22D279, 449 m. QMP; BZD38, 792 m.
APPENDIX B: DRILLHOLE LOGGING SHEETS
General information
This appendix comprises scanned copies of the original field-based core logs of drillholes: E34D3, E48D134,
E48D147, E26D361, E26D507, E26D459 and D26D460. This work is also summarised digitally in Figs. 2.16
and 2.17.
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
APPENDIX C: SAMPLE INFORMATION
E XPLANATORY INFORMATION
General information
This appendix provides reference/contextual information for each sample, such as spatial position, rock
type, distance from mineralised centres etc. Sample information from other sources is also collated here.
Source column
All data collected as part of this study is indicated as Pacey (2016), other data sources are as referenced.
Unique sample number column

Samples from this study are referred to using the format NP AP in which: NP = Northparkes, = last
two digits of collection year, AP = initials of the principal investigator (Adam Pacey) and = sample
number. Rock chip samples were collected individually from different 2 m intervals in the same shallow
drillhole, but in certain instances selected chips were later combined together into a single resin block,
producing a composite sample (e.g. NP13AP001+2+3); in these cases, an average spatial position is given.
Hole depth, hole Z and elevation columns

Hole depth is the depth along the drillhole from the collar; hole Z refers to the vertical distance below mine
datum (arbitrarily chosen as sea level + 10,000 m); elevation is the actual height above sea level.
Eastings and northings columns

Grid coordinates, in metres, with respect to AMG Zone 55.
Latitude and longitude columns

Coordinates given in decimal format relative to the WGS-84 datum.
Sample type column

DC = Drill core (diamond); RC = Rock chip drill core; OC = outcrop; SC = subcrop
Deposit relationships and distances

Samples are classed as ‘related to’ a particular deposit when, based on either the position of the sample or
field relationships, it is thought likely that alteration is a consequence of magmatic-hydrothermal activity
at that deposit. Distances given are the 2D/lateral separation from the sample position to the centre of the
presently known orebody.
Lithology column
AFG = alkali feldspar granite; AND = trachyandesite; APL = aplite; BQM = biotite quartz monzonite; B-QMP
= biotite-quartz monzonite porphyry; BSLT = basalt; BTA = basaltic trachyandesite, used by Lickfold (2002)
to refer to the ‘Mafic Zero’; CON = volcanic conglomerate; E34POR = monzonite porphyry in drillhole
E34D3; FLT = fault rock, mostly hydrothermally cemented breccias or samples of vein centres; IBX =
intrusion breccia, usually pure igneous or mix of igneous-hydrothermal cement; K-QMP = K-feldspar-quartz
monzonite porphyry; MAG = vein sample dominated by magnetite; MON = monzonite; MZD =
289
monzodiorite; MZO = the ‘Mafic Zero’ porphyry; PEP = pepperite, with a mix of AND and SST; SST = volcanic
sandstone; SYN = syenite; TR = trachyte; TRS = trachytic sill; TVB = trachytic volcanic breccia/ignimbrite;
ZRO = the ‘Zero’ porphyry. The suffix ‘-S’ is used to indicate samples containing quartz stockwork veining.
Group column
Samples are grouped into larger lithological classifications to facilitate plotting and comparison of data.
For example, syenites and trachytic sills known to be part of the overall biotite quartz monzonite pluton
are all grouped under BQM. Also, samples of no interest for igneous geochemistry (CON, FLT, IBX, MAG,
PEP, SST, TVB) are simply grouped as not applicable (N/A). Definitions are as given above, with the addition
of: DKB = mafic dykes (alkali basalt); NEL INT and VOL = intrusions and volcanic rocks belonging to the
Nelungaloo Volcanics; GOO INT and VOL = intrusions and volcanic rocks belonging to the Goonumbla
Volcanics; WOM INT and VOL = intrusions and volcanic rocks belonging to the Wombin Volcanics.
Alteration (Alt) column

Alteration in all samples was classified as either: PRO = propylitic; SER = sericitic; MAG = magnetite ± biotite;
KFS = K-feldspar. The intensity of alteration in all samples was also classified based on the visually observed
abundance of alteration minerals and veins. For SER, MAG and KFS this was on a simple scale of 1 to 3, with
1 indicating the least intense alteration/almost fresh, through to 3 being intense and usually texturally-
destructive alteration. For PRO, this was on a scale of 0-4, in which 0 is almost fresh and 4 represents total
textural destruction and replacement by alteration minerals; the scale is equal and marks a progressively
increasing abundance of alteration minerals and/or veins.
Mainly vein and least altered columns

If samples are dominated by, or consist entirely of vein fill they are designated as ‘mainly vein’. Samples
designated as ‘least altered’ are those freshest samples in the dataset based on visual inspection, either
with negligible hydrothermal alteration or samples of a particular lithology with least alteration compared
to others. Consequently, these sample offer the best means of characterising primary lithologies.
Representative (Rep) column

Samples analysed for their whole rock geochemistry, which did not contain appreciable vein material, and
in which the alteration intensity was <PRO3, <SER2, <MAG2 or <KFS2 are designated as ‘representative’.
Although not fresh/unaltered, it is thought the bulk whole rock geochemistry of these samples is unlikely
to be significantly affected for use in identifying/interpreting any primary trends in igneous geochemistry.
Hence such samples are representative of the lithology in this sense.
Whole rock (WR) and resin block (RB) columns

Columns simply used to indicate if a sample has associated whole rock geochemical data and/or if a
polished resin block was made. Resin blocks were studied under SEM-BSE, with contained epidote and/or
chlorite analysed via SEM-EDS; LA-ICP-MS mineral chemistry data was then subsequently obtained on
grains in selected blocks.
290
Unique sample Hole Depth Eastings Northings Drillhole Elevation Decimal Decimal Sample Related Distance Distance Mainly Least
Source Hole ID Lithology Group Alt WR Rep? RB
number (m) (m) (m) Z (m) (m) latitude longitude type to to E26 (m) to E48 (m) vein? alt?
Pacey (2016) NP12AP001 E34D3 644.1 596428 6355955 9719.7 -280 -32.9304182 148.0314129 DC - 1995 1755 AND AND PRO 4 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP003 E34D3 641.9 596428 6355956 9721.0 -279 -32.9304092 148.0314128 DC - 1996 1756 AND AND PRO 2 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP004 E34D3 636.1 596425 6355957 9724.7 -275 -32.9304005 148.0313806 DC - 1998 1758 BQM BQM PRO 1 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP005 E34D3 622.8 596418 6355959 9736.5 -263 -32.9303830 148.0313055 DC - 2005 1764 BQM BQM PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP006 E34D3 615.7 596414 6355960 9743.2 -257 -32.9303744 148.0312626 DC - 2009 1767 APL APL PRO 1 Y Y - Y Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP007 E34D3 583.2 596398 6355966 9770.4 -230 -32.9303217 148.0310909 DC - 2025 1781 BQM BQM SER 3 Y - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP008 E34D3 530.6 596372 6355974 9814.8 -185 -32.9302518 148.0308120 DC - 2051 1803 BQM BQM SER 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP009 E34D3 476.5 596345 6355981 9861.1 -139 -32.9301911 148.0305225 DC - 2076 1826 AND AND PRO 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP013 GD716 292.0 598243 6357604 10018.8 19 -32.9153842 148.0506479 DC - 2874 1078 AND AND PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP014 E34D3 511.0 596362 6355976 9831.8 -168 -32.9302347 148.0307048 DC - 2060 1811 FLT N/A SER 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP015 E34D3 394.7 596306 6355991 9932.0 -68 -32.9301043 148.0301044 DC - 2114 1861 AND AND PRO 4 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP018 E34D3 283.0 596252 6356001 10029.5 30 -32.9300189 148.0295258 DC - 2164 1909 AND AND PRO 2 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP019 E34D3 255.4 596239 6356004 10053.7 54 -32.9299930 148.0293865 DC - 2176 1921 AND AND PRO 1 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP020 E34D3 234.8 596229 6356005 10072.2 72 -32.9299848 148.0292794 DC - 2185 1931 TRS BQM PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP021 E34D3 197.0 596211 6356008 10105.1 105 -32.9299594 148.0290866 DC - 2201 1947 MZO MZO PRO 2 Y Y - - Y
291
Pacey (2016) NP12AP022 E34D3 193.0 596209 6356008 10108.6 109 -32.9299595 148.0290652 DC - 2203 1949 MZO MZO PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP023 E34D3 189.8 596207 6356008 10112.1 112 -32.9299597 148.0290438 DC - 2205 1951 MZO MZO PRO 2 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP024 E34D3 153.7 596190 6356011 10143.5 143 -32.9299342 148.0288617 DC - 2220 1967 ZRO ZRO PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP026 E34D3 676.0 596446 6355949 9691.6 -308 -32.9304708 148.0316060 DC - 1977 1741 E34POR POR PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP028 E34D3 657.0 596436 6355953 9708.2 -292 -32.9304356 148.0314987 DC - 1988 1750 AND AND PRO 4 - - Y - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP029 E34D3 647.8 596431 6355955 9715.6 -284 -32.9304180 148.0314450 DC - 1992 1753 PEP N/A PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP030 E34D3 816.3 596520 6355919 9576.7 -423 -32.9307348 148.0324006 DC - 1900 1682 BQM BQM PRO 3 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP031 E34D3 788.4 596505 6355925 9599.2 -401 -32.9306820 148.0322395 DC - 1916 1694 BQM BQM PRO 4 Y - Y - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP035 E34D3 979.0 596608 6355879 9446.2 -554 -32.9310878 148.0333459 DC - 1807 1617 E34POR POR PRO 3 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP037 E34D3 908.0 596571 6355896 9502.9 -497 -32.9309377 148.0329484 DC - 1847 1644 E34POR POR PRO 0 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP038 E34D3 844.0 596536 6355912 9554.2 -446 -32.9307965 148.0325724 DC - 1884 1671 IBX N/A PRO 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP039 GD716 479.3 598192 6357562 9845.1 -155 -32.9157676 148.0501070 DC - 2828 1029 AND AND PRO 3 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP040A E34D3 1214.6 596726 6355819 9251.0 -749 -32.9316185 148.0346142 DC - 1677 1537 SST SST PRO 3 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP040B E34D3 1211.6 596724 6355820 9254.4 -746 -32.9316096 148.0345927 DC - 1679 1538 SST SST PRO 4 - - Y - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP041 E34D3 1211.7 596724 6355820 9254.4 -746 -32.9316096 148.0345927 DC - 1679 1538 SST SST MAG 2 Y - - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP042 E34D3 1197.4 596717 6355823 9266.2 -734 -32.9315832 148.0345175 DC - 1687 1542 BQM BQM SER 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP043 E34D3 1172.2 596706 6355830 9287.0 -713 -32.9315210 148.0343991 DC - 1700 1550 AND AND PRO 3 - - - - Y
Appendix C: Sample information

Pacey (2016) NP12AP044 E34D3 1154.1 596697 6355834 9301.5 -699 -32.9314858 148.0343025 DC - 1709 1555 AND AND PRO 4 Y - Y - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP046 E34D3 1109.0 596675 6355846 9339.7 -660 -32.9313795 148.0340659 DC - 1734 1570 AND AND PRO 4 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP047 E34D3 1108.0 596674 6355847 9340.9 -659 -32.9313706 148.0340551 DC - 1735 1571 AND AND MAG 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP048 E34D3 1110.0 596676 6355846 9338.1 -662 -32.9313794 148.0340766 DC - 1733 1569 AND AND MAG 2 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP050 E34D3 1068.0 596704 6355831 9290.5 -709 -32.9315122 148.0343776 DC - 1702 1551 BQM BQM PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP052 E34D3 1377.6 596801 6355778 9113.3 -887 -32.9319816 148.0354206 DC - 1594 1491 BQM BQM SER 2 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP053 E34D3 1296.5 596764 6355798 9181.8 -818 -32.9318045 148.0350228 DC - 1635 1513 BQM BQM SER 2 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP055 E34D3 1549.7 596876 6355739 8963.5 -1037 -32.9323267 148.0362268 DC - 1512 1449 BQM BQM PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP057 E26D361 757.3 596996 6355885 9755.4 -245 -32.9309993 148.0374948 DC - 1530 1269 CON CON KFS 1 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP058 E26D361 758.7 596994 6355885 9755.3 -245 -32.9309995 148.0374735 DC - 1531 1271 CON CON MAG 1 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP059 E26D361 739.4 597014 6355886 9755.9 -244 -32.9309887 148.0376872 DC - 1519 1253 CON CON PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP060 E26D361 717.0 597036 6355887 9756.5 -243 -32.9309777 148.0379224 DC - 1505 1234 FLT N/A SER 3 Y - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP061 E26D361 703.5 597050 6355888 9756.9 -243 -32.9309674 148.0380720 DC - 1496 1222 CON CON PRO 3 Y - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP062 E26D361 704.7 597048 6355888 9756.9 -243 -32.9309676 148.0380507 DC - 1498 1223 CON CON PRO 3 - - Y - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP064 E26D361 639.8 597116 6355891 9758.9 -241 -32.9309345 148.0387776 DC - 1457 1165 SST SST PRO 3 Y - - - Y
292
Pacey (2016) NP12AP068 E26D361 417.3 597337 6355904 9766.2 -234 -32.9307976 148.0411397 DC - 1345 980 AFG AFG SER 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP072 E26D361 545.7 597207 6355896 9761.8 -238 -32.9308813 148.0397503 DC - 1407 1087 FLT N/A SER 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP075 E26D361 371.5 597381 6355908 9767.9 -232 -32.9307576 148.0416099 DC - 1327 944 BQM BQM PRO 1 Y Y - Y Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP076 E26D361 308.2 597443 6355913 9770.4 -230 -32.9307070 148.0422724 DC - 1303 895 BQM BQM PRO 1 Y Y - Y Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP079 E26D361 341.0 597411 6355910 9769.1 -231 -32.9307369 148.0419305 DC - 1315 920 AFG AFG SER 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP086 E48D134 953.8 598131 6356718 9480.0 -520 -32.9233851 148.0495446 DC E48 1982 186 AFG-S AFG SER 3 Y - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP087 E48D134 925.5 598144 6356726 9503.1 -497 -32.9233118 148.0496828 DC E48 1991 197 AFG-S AFG SER 3 - - - - -

Pacey (2016) NP12AP088 E48D134 915.8 598149 6356729 9511.4 -489 -32.9232843 148.0497359 DC E48 1994 201 K-QMP-S K-QMP KFS 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP089 E48D134 875.2 598169 6356740 9544.6 -455 -32.9231833 148.0499487 DC E48 2006 219 TR TR KFS 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP090 E48D134 799.3 598203 6356761 9608.9 -391 -32.9229908 148.0503100 DC E48 2030 252 AND AND MAG 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP092 E48D134 361.7 598391 6356905 9995.4 -5 -32.9216752 148.0523051 DC E48 2198 478 SST SST PRO 3 Y - - Y Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP093 E48D134 413.0 598365 6356882 9940.3 -60 -32.9218850 148.0520295 DC E48 2171 444 AND AND PRO 4 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP094 E48D134 445.2 598354 6356872 9916.9 -83 -32.9219761 148.0519129 DC E48 2160 429 SST SST PRO 3 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP095 E48D134 467.8 598342 6356862 9891.0 -109 -32.9220674 148.0517857 DC E48 2147 413 SST SST PRO 3 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP096 E48D134 473.8 598338 6356858 9882.8 -117 -32.9221039 148.0517433 DC E48 2144 408 CON CON PRO 4 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP097 E48D134 497.0 598333 6356854 9872.3 -128 -32.9221404 148.0516903 DC E48 2139 402 AND AND PRO 3 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP100 E48D134 594.0 598293 6356823 9790.3 -210 -32.9224236 148.0512658 DC E48 2102 353 FLT N/A SER 3 - - Y - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP101 E48D134 647.4 598268 6356804 9739.4 -261 -32.9225972 148.0510005 DC E48 2081 323 MAG N/A MAG 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP102 E48D134 657.0 598264 6356801 9730.8 -269 -32.9226246 148.0509581 DC E48 2077 319 AND AND KFS 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP103 E48D134 684.0 598252 6356793 9706.8 -293 -32.9226978 148.0508306 DC E48 2067 305 AND AND MAG 2 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP104 E48D134 740.0 598228 6356777 9658.7 -341 -32.9228443 148.0505756 DC E48 2049 279 SST SST MAG 2 Y - - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP105 E48D134 745.5 598227 6356776 9655.2 -345 -32.9228534 148.0505651 DC E48 2047 277 SST SST MAG 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP106 E48D134 770.3 598216 6356769 9632.9 -367 -32.9229175 148.0504482 DC E48 2039 265 MAG N/A MAG 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP107 E48D134 674.3 598256 6356796 9715.4 -285 -32.9226704 148.0508730 DC E48 2071 310 CON CON KFS 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP108 E26D360 180.5 597978 6356096 9754.6 -245 -32.9290086 148.0479746 DC E48 1357 455 BQM BQM PRO 3 - - - - Y
293
Pacey (2016) NP12AP109 E26D360 181.1 597978 6356096 9754.6 -245 -32.9290086 148.0479746 DC E48 1357 455 BQM BQM SER 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP12AP110 E26D360 150.9 597949 6356094 9755.8 -244 -32.9290293 148.0476647 DC E48 1355 465 BQM BQM PRO 4 Y - Y - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP111 E26D360 106.3 597904 6356090 9757.6 -242 -32.9290694 148.0471839 DC E48 1355 483 BQM BQM PRO 3 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP114 E48D134 239.0 598432 6356944 10085.2 85 -32.9213198 148.0527393 DC E48 2245 535 SST SST PRO 3 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP115 E48D134 241.4 598428 6356941 10076.8 77 -32.9213472 148.0526969 DC E48 2240 529 AND AND PRO 3 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP12AP116 E48D134 269.3 598420 6356933 10058.5 59 -32.9214201 148.0526122 DC E48 2231 518 FLT N/A SER 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP001 GRP807 300-302 596990 6353728 10023.3 23 -32.9504538 148.0376579 RC - 1437 3016 SST SST PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP001+2+3 GRP807 288.3 596985 6353732 10034.0 34 -32.9504152 148.0376004 RC - 1438 3014 SST SST PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP004 GD794 228-230 597397 6354257 10088.0 88 -32.9456465 148.0419556 RC - 780 2382 AND AND PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP004+5+6 GD794 213.0 597390 6354261 10101.3 101 -32.9456081 148.0418767 RC - 783 2380 AND AND PRO 1 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP007 GD794 320-322 597441 6354230 10011.4 11 -32.9458861 148.0424291 RC - 764 2396 SST SST PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP008 GD794 326-328 597444 6354228 10006.4 6 -32.9459038 148.0424614 RC - 763 2397 SST? SST PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP009 GD794 332-334 597446 6354227 10001.4 1 -32.9459127 148.0424829 RC - 762 2398 SST? SST PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP010 E48D134 326.8 598391 6356905 9995.4 -5 -32.9216752 148.0523051 DC E48 2198 478 SST SST PRO 3 Y - - - -

Pacey (2016) NP13AP013 E48D134 212.5 598441 6356953 10104.8 105 -32.9212378 148.0528346 DC E48 2255 547 AND AND PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP014 E48D134 161.0 598464 6356977 10155.0 155 -32.9210193 148.0530780 DC E48 2282 580 CON CON PRO 2 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP015 E48D134 255.0 598428 6356941 10076.8 77 -32.9213472 148.0526969 DC E48 2240 529 CON CON PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP016 E48D134 204.2 598446 6356958 10116.1 116 -32.9211922 148.0528875 DC E48 2261 555 CON CON PRO 4 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP017 E48D147 19.4 597810 6356395 9691.6 -308 -32.9263270 148.0461462 DC E48 1668 309 FLT N/A SER 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP020 E48D147 97.2 597771 6356355 9637.1 -363 -32.9266913 148.0457334 DC E48 1633 363 BQM BQM SER 3 Y - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP022 E48D147 221.1 597708 6356292 9550.5 -449 -32.9272651 148.0450663 DC E48 1582 449 BQM/AFG BQM SER 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP023 E48D147 191.2 597724 6356307 9571.3 -429 -32.9271284 148.0452358 DC E48 1593 428 BQM BQM SER 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP024 E48D147 188.3 597725 6356308 9572.7 -427 -32.9271193 148.0452464 DC E48 1594 426 BQM BQM PRO 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP026 E48D147 333.1 597648 6356237 9473.9 -526 -32.9277665 148.0444305 DC E48 1541 530 AFG AFG PRO 2 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP027 E48D147 334.0 597647 6356236 9472.6 -527 -32.9277756 148.0444199 DC E48 1540 531 AFG AFG SER 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP028 E48D147 307.0 597662 6356250 9491.6 -508 -32.9276480 148.0445788 DC E48 1550 511 AFG AFG PRO 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP029 E48D147 255.0 597690 6356275 9527.1 -473 -32.9274200 148.0448756 DC E48 1569 473 K-QMP K-QMP SER 1 Y Y - Y -
294
Pacey (2016) NP13AP032A E48D147 453.2 597579 6356178 9395.1 -605 -32.9283048 148.0436988 DC E48 1502 620 BQM BQM PRO 2 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP032B E48D147 453.2 597579.5 6356178.3 9395.1 -605 -32.9283048 148.0436988 DC E48 1502 620 BQM BQM PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP033 E48D147 473.2 597568 6356168 9382.3 -618 -32.9283960 148.0435823 DC E48 1495 635 BQM BQM PRO 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP037 E48D147 445.5 597584 6356182 9400.2 -600 -32.9282683 148.0437519 DC E48 1504 614 BQM BQM PRO 4 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP039 E48D147 509.2 597546 6356150 9359.6 -640 -32.9285603 148.0433489 DC E48 1485 663 FLT N/A PRO 4 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP040A E48D147 561.5 597515 6356124 9327.5 -672 -32.9287975 148.0430201 DC E48 1470 704 BQM BQM PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP040B E48D147 561.5 597515 6356124 9327.5 -672 -32.9287975 148.0430201 DC E48 1470 704 BQM BQM PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP045 E48D147 535.2 597531 6356137 9343.5 -657 -32.9286789 148.0431898 DC E48 1477 684 BQM BQM PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP048 E48D147 624.0 597476 6356092 9288.4 -712 -32.9290896 148.0426064 DC E48 1454 755 FLT N/A SER 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP050 E48D147 629.1 597473 6356090 9285.9 -714 -32.9291079 148.0425745 DC E48 1453 758 BQM BQM PRO 4 Y - - - Y

Pacey (2016) NP13AP053 E48D147 652.0 597459 6356078 9271.1 -729 -32.9292174 148.0424261 DC E48 1447 777 BQM BQM PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP054 E48D147 706.4 597426 6356052 9237.5 -763 -32.9294548 148.0420759 DC E48 1436 819 AFG AFG PRO 3 Y Y - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP059 E48D147 781.8 597380 6356015 9191.3 -809 -32.9297927 148.0415879 DC E48 1423 877 FLT N/A SER 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP061A E48D147 782.8 597379 6356015 9190.2 -810 -32.9297927 148.0415772 DC E48 1422 878 BQM BQM PRO 4 Y - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP061B E48D147 782.8 597379 6356015 9190.2 -810 -32.9297927 148.0415772 DC E48 1422 878 BQM BQM PRO 4 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP063 E48D147 812.0 597362 6356001 9172.5 -827 -32.9299205 148.0413969 DC E48 1418 900 BQM BQM PRO 1 - - - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP066 E26D459 4.5 597881 6354905 9444.5 -556 -32.9397589 148.0470638 DC E26 210 1645 TVB TVB KFS 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP068 E26D459 29.2 597863 6354905 9429.0 -571 -32.9397605 148.0468713 DC E26 221 1648 TVB TVB KFS 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP069 E26D459 48.8 597848 6354905 9416.1 -584 -32.9397619 148.0467109 DC E26 232 1650 TVB TVB KFS 1 Y Y - Y -
295
Pacey (2016) NP13AP075 E26D459 364.1 597611 6354907 9207.3 -793 -32.9397651 148.0441757 DC E26 433 1698 TVB TVB PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP076 E26D459 376.0 597601 6354907 9199.5 -800 -32.9397660 148.0440688 DC E26 442 1701 ZRO ZRO PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP077 E26D459 364.5 597611 6354907 9207.3 -793 -32.9397651 148.0441757 DC E26 433 1698 TVB TVB PRO 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP078 E26D459 304.4 597656 6354907 9247.0 -753 -32.9397610 148.0446571 DC E26 392 1687 SST SST PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP079 E26D459 297.9 597662 6354907 9252.3 -748 -32.9397605 148.0447212 DC E26 387 1685 CON CON PRO 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP080 E26D459 298.8 597660 6354907 9251.0 -749 -32.9397607 148.0446998 DC E26 388 1686 CON CON PRO 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP081 E26D459 246.7 597699 6354906 9286.1 -714 -32.9397662 148.0451171 DC E26 353 1677 CON CON MAG 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP082 E26D459 116.2 597796 6354906 9371.9 -628 -32.9397575 148.0461546 DC E26 271 1658 FLT N/A MAG 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP083 E26D459 158.3 597765 6354906 9344.2 -656 -32.9397603 148.0458230 DC E26 296 1663 TVB TVB MAG 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP084 E26D459 179.8 597750 6354906 9331.0 -669 -32.9397616 148.0456626 DC E26 309 1666 CON CON PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP086 E26D459 133.8 597784 6354906 9361.3 -639 -32.9397586 148.0460262 DC E26 280 1660 TVB TVB KFS 1 - - - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP087 E26D459 175.2 597753 6354906 9333.8 -666 -32.9397614 148.0456947 DC E26 306 1666 CON CON KFS 2 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP088 E26D459 436.0 597555 6354908 9161.7 -838 -32.9397610 148.0435767 DC E26 485 1714 BQM BQM SER 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP094 E26D459 577.4 597444 6354914 9076.3 -924 -32.9397168 148.0423888 DC E26 592 1746 BQM BQM MAG 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP095 E26D459 600.0 597426 6354915 9062.1 -938 -32.9397094 148.0421962 DC E26 610 1752 BQM BQM MAG 2 Y Y - - -

Pacey (2016) NP13AP096 E26D459 598.5 597427 6354915 9062.9 -937 -32.9397093 148.0422069 DC E26 609 1752 BQM BQM MAG 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP099 E26D459 482.7 597519 6354910 9133.6 -866 -32.9397462 148.0431914 DC E26 520 1724 BQM BQM PRO 1 Y Y - Y Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP100 E26D459 417.0 597571 6354908 9174.1 -826 -32.9397596 148.0437478 DC E26 471 1709 BQM BQM PRO 1 Y Y - Y Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP103 E26D459 671.7 597370 6354916 9018.9 -981 -32.9397054 148.0415971 DC E26 664 1772 BQM BQM PRO 1 Y - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP104 E26D459 736.2 597318 6354919 8977.8 -1022 -32.9396830 148.0410406 DC E26 715 1792 FLT N/A PRO 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP111 E26D510 103.1 598237 6354902 9391.6 -608 -32.9397540 148.0508718 DC E26 279 1643 BQM BQM KFS 3 Y - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP114 E26D510 6.5 598155 6354900 9441.4 -559 -32.9397794 148.0499950 DC E26 216 1639 BQM BQM KFS 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP116 E26D510 15.9 598162 6354901 9437.3 -563 -32.9397698 148.0500698 DC E26 221 1639 BQM BQM KFS 3 - - - - -
296
Pacey (2016) NP13AP118 E26D507 165.3 598859 6354949 10133.1 133 -32.9392740 148.0575195 DC E26 874 1768 CON CON MAG 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP119 E26D507 256.9 598831 6354926 10048.8 49 -32.9394840 148.0572225 DC E26 841 1777 BQM BQM MAG 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP120 E26D507 270.6 598826 6354922 10036.0 36 -32.9395205 148.0571695 DC E26 836 1778 BQM BQM MAG 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP121 E26D507 274.0 598825 6354921 10032.3 32 -32.9395296 148.0571589 DC E26 835 1779 BQM BQM PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP122 E26D507 273.8 598826 6354922 10034.2 34 -32.9395205 148.0571695 DC E26 836 1779 BQM BQM PRO 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP123 E26D507 288.5 598820 6354918 10019.6 20 -32.9395571 148.0571057 DC E26 830 1780 BQM BQM PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP124 E26D507 289.4 598820 6354918 10019.6 20 -32.9395571 148.0571057 DC E26 830 1780 BQM BQM PRO 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP125 E26D507 308.1 598814 6354913 10001.4 1 -32.9396028 148.0570421 DC E26 822 1782 BQM BQM MAG 2 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP126 E26D507 309.7 598814 6354913 10001.4 1 -32.9396028 148.0570421 DC E26 822 1782 BQM BQM MAG 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP131 E26D507 466.0 598753 6354875 9860.8 -139 -32.9399510 148.0563937 DC E26 755 1793 AFG AFG PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP132 E26D507 466.3 598753 6354875 9860.8 -139 -32.9399510 148.0563937 DC E26 755 1793 AFG AFG PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP135 E26D507 406.1 598778 6354889 9913.5 -86 -32.9398225 148.0566596 DC E26 782 1789 BQM BQM SER 2 Y - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP137 E26D507 526.0 598725 6354862 9809.0 -191 -32.9400708 148.0560956 DC E26 726 1795 BQM BQM SER 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP139 E26D507 364.5 598794 6354899 9951.0 -49 -32.9397308 148.0568297 DC E26 800 1786 BQM BQM SER 3 - - Y - Y

Pacey (2016) NP13AP140 E26D507 385.0 598786 6354894 9933.1 -67 -32.9397766 148.0567447 DC E26 791 1788 AFG AFG PRO 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP147 E26D507 735.5 598614 6354823 9638.2 -362 -32.9404325 148.0549126 DC E26 609 1795 BQM BQM MAG 2 - - - - Y
297
Pacey (2016) NP13AP165 E26D507 893.4 598510 6354789 9525.5 -474 -32.9407486 148.0538039 DC E26 502 1800 FLT N/A SER 3 - - Y - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP166 E26D507 1054.9 598386 6354723 9445.4 -555 -32.9413550 148.0524846 DC E26 376 1840 FLT N/A KFS 2 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP169 E26D460 74.1 597885 6354978 9416.1 -584 -32.9391002 148.0470988 DC E26 269 1573 MZO MZO PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP170 E26D460 79.3 597884 6354982 9414.2 -586 -32.9390642 148.0470877 DC E26 273 1569 MZO MZO PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP174 E26D460 51.5 597886 6354957 9426.6 -573 -32.9392895 148.0471118 DC E26 250 1594 TVB TVB KFS 2 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP175 E26D460 80.4 597884 6354984 9413.3 -587 -32.9390462 148.0470875 DC E26 274 1567 MZO MZO PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP178 GRP703 126.0 596404 6354677 10172.3 172 -32.9419466 148.0312900 RC - 1607 2508 MON? MON PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP179 GRP704 190-202 597071 6355268 10097.9 98 -32.9365573 148.0383620 RC - 1077 1625 MON? MON PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP180 GRP573 86-100 596607 6357484 10197.0 197 -32.9166123 148.0331670 RC - 3081 1753 TR TR PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP181 GRP574 128-136 596375 6357441 10163.9 164 -32.9170206 148.0306907 RC - 3158 1933 MON MON PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP183 GRP318 120-180 596239 6355140 10143.5 143 -32.9377854 148.0294767 RC - 1816 2315 BQM BQM PRO 1 - - - Y Y

Pacey (2016) NP13AP184 GRP317 92-104 596110 6355134 10196.9 197 -32.9378509 148.0280976 RC - 1940 2422 TVB TVB PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP185 GRP392 72-80 595716 6357404 10209.4 209 -32.9174123 148.0236478 RC - 3516 2522 TR TR PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP186 GRP392 86-98 595723 6357404 10196.4 196 -32.9174116 148.0237226 RC - 3511 2515 TR TR PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP185+186 GRP392 84.0 595720 6357404 10202.9 203 -32.9174120 148.0236852 RC - 3514 2518 TVB TVB PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP188 GRP679 86-92 597016 6354088 10206.5 206 -32.9472046 148.0378981 RC - 1189 2673 SST? SST PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP189 GRP679 46-54 597035 6354088 10239.6 240 -32.9472029 148.0381013 RC - 1173 2665 SST? SST PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP190 GRP323 100-102 595579 6355986 10188.7 189 -32.9302133 148.0223299 RC - 2732 2566 SST? SST PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP191 GRP323 132.0 595593 6355986 10161.4 161 -32.9302120 148.0224796 RC - 2719 2551 SST? SST PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP190+191 GRP323 116.5 595586 6355986 10175.1 175 -32.9302127 148.0224048 RC - 2726 2558 SST? SST PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP197 E26D507 1197.6 598264 6354672 9393.9 -606 -32.9418259 148.0511852 DC E26 263 1875 BQM BQM KFS 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP201 E26D460 253.2 597872 6355133 9329.1 -671 -32.9377034 148.0469433 DC E26 417 1421 TVB TVB SER 3 - - Y - -
298
Pacey (2016) NP13AP207 E26D460 303.6 597867 6355174 9301.5 -699 -32.9373341 148.0468855 DC E26 458 1381 FLT N/A SER 3 Y - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP208 E26D460 312.4 597866 6355183 9295.8 -704 -32.9372530 148.0468738 DC E26 466 1373 SST SST PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP211 E26D460 360.7 597862 6355222 9268.5 -731 -32.9369016 148.0468269 DC E26 504 1335 CON CON MAG 3 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP212 E26D460 458.5 597859 6355305 9216.6 -783 -32.9361533 148.0467860 DC E26 585 1254 SYN SYN MAG 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP217 E26D460 495.8 597858 6355336 9198.9 -801 -32.9358738 148.0467720 DC E26 615 1223 SST SST PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP218 E26D460 426.2 597859 6355277 9232.9 -767 -32.9364058 148.0467890 DC E26 558 1281 SYN SYN KFS 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP219 E26D460 432.3 597859 6355283 9229.8 -770 -32.9363517 148.0467883 DC E26 563 1276 SYN SYN PRO 1 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP220 E26D460 432.6 597859 6355283 9229.8 -770 -32.9363517 148.0467883 DC E26 563 1276 SYN SYN PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP221 E26D460 408.0 597860 6355262 9242.4 -758 -32.9365410 148.0468013 DC E26 543 1296 SYN SYN PRO 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP223 E26D460 352.6 597863 6355215 9273.0 -727 -32.9369647 148.0468384 DC E26 498 1341 CON CON MAG 1 - - Y - -

Pacey (2016) NP13AP227 E26D460 688.5 597866 6355512 9117.0 -883 -32.9342858 148.0468389 DC E26 785 1049 AFG AFG PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP229 E26D460 679.0 597865 6355502 9120.5 -879 -32.9343760 148.0468292 DC E26 776 1059 AFG AFG PRO 3 Y - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP230 E26D460 679.2 597865 6355502 9120.5 -879 -32.9343760 148.0468292 DC E26 776 1059 AFG AFG SER 2 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP231 E26D460 651.9 597863 6355476 9130.9 -869 -32.9346107 148.0468106 DC E26 751 1085 TR TR PRO 1 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP232 E26D460 599.1 597861 6355429 9151.7 -848 -32.9350348 148.0467942 DC E26 705 1132 TR TR PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP233 E26D460 627.0 597862 6355454 9140.3 -860 -32.9348092 148.0468023 DC E26 730 1106 TR TR PRO 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP234 E26D460 614.5 597861 6355443 9145.1 -855 -32.9349085 148.0467927 DC E26 719 1117 TR TR PRO 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP236 GRP795 230-232 596798 6353575 10085.9 86 -32.9518507 148.0356201 RC - 1681 3231 - - - - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP238 GRP792 224-226 591773 6356135 10102.0 102 -32.9291958 147.9816107 RC - 6392 6324 - - - - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP239 GD654 348.0 597066 6356924 9969.9 -30 -32.9216223 148.0381340 DC E48 2379 1089 AND AND PRO 4 Y - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP240 GD654 347.9 597066 6356924 9969.9 -30 -32.9216223 148.0381340 DC E48 2379 1089 AND AND PRO 4 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP241 GD654 346.9 597066 6356924 9969.9 -30 -32.9216223 148.0381340 DC E48 2379 1089 AND AND PRO 3 Y Y - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP242 GD654 365.2 597066 6356924 9969.9 -30 -32.9216223 148.0381340 DC E48 2379 1089 AND AND PRO 2 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP243 GD654 390.5 597074 6356909 9942.6 -57 -32.9217569 148.0382212 DC E48 2363 1076 AND AND SER 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP244 GD654 389.6 597074 6356909 9942.6 -57 -32.9217569 148.0382212 DC E48 2363 1076 AND AND MAG 1 Y Y - Y -
299
Pacey (2016) NP13AP247 GD654 369.7 597066 6356924 9969.9 -30 -32.9216223 148.0381340 DC E48 2379 1089 AND AND PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP249 GD654 297.1 597050 6356950 10022.3 22 -32.9213893 148.0379602 DC E48 2410 1113 AND AND PRO 4 - - Y - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP250 GD654 274.9 597044 6356960 10041.8 42 -32.9212996 148.0378950 DC E48 2421 1122 AND AND PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP251 E26SD107 130.0 597904 6354454 9797.3 -203 -32.9438244 148.0473578 DC E26 305 2092 BQM BQM PRO 1 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP252 REGIONAL - 600490 6359718 - 284 -32.8961140 148.0744442 SC Meta 5562 3988 BQM BQM PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP253 REGIONAL - 602937 6352671 - 324 -32.9594420 148.1013909 OC Meta? 5343 6205 BSLT BSLT SER 1 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP254 REGIONAL - 604018 6349364 - 334 -32.9891644 148.1133295 SC Meta 8062 9311 AND AND PRO 1 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP255 REGIONAL - 598733 6350342 - 311 -32.9808355 148.0566663 OC Meta? 4457 6230 TR TR PRO 1 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP257 REGIONAL - 590841 6350234 - 293 -32.9824956 147.9722258 OC Meta 8468 9603 TR TR PRO 1 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP258 REGIONAL - 599063 6337512 - 302 -33.0965164 148.0615846 SC Meta 17260 19051 MON MON PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP259 REGIONAL - 610183 6333860 - 366 -33.1283795 148.1811692 SC Meta 24169 25704 MON MON PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP260+261 GRP701 254.0 595168 6356116 10057.5 57 -32.9290767 148.0179263 RC - 3158 2947 SST SST PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP263 GRP698 88-92 594062 6356186 10197.8 198 -32.9285411 148.0060855 RC - 4205 4038 CON? CON PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP264 GRP672 60-70 596729 6349781 10239.8 240 -32.9860747 148.0352811 RC - 5121 6892 TR? TR PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP265 GRP40 78-80 598043 6351383 10225.9 226 -32.9715091 148.0491718 RC - 3357 5155 MON? MON PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP266 GRP40 96-98 598034 6351383 10210.2 210 -32.9715099 148.0490755 RC - 3357 5155 MON? MON PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP265+266 GRP40 88.0 598039 6351383 10218 218 -32.971510 148.049124 RC - 3357 5155 MON? MON PRO 1 - - - - Y

Pacey (2016) NP13AP268 GRP408 132-134 598705 6352241 10173.1 173 -32.9637111 148.0561628 RC - 2593 4341 - - - - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP272 GRP450 206-220 602151 6353362 10136.5 136 -32.9532839 148.0929055 RC - 4364 5160 - - - - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP273 GRP668 64-66 598556 6352563 10230.1 230 -32.9608205 148.0545342 RC - 2244 4003 - - - - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP274 GRP668 114-116 598532 6352562 10188.6 189 -32.9608317 148.0542776 RC - 2240 4002 TR TR PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP275 GD654 503.8 597104 6356855 9845.3 -155 -32.9222413 148.0385477 DC E48 2301 1030 AND AND PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP278 GD654 464.4 597093 6356875 9880.4 -120 -32.9220619 148.0384279 DC E48 2324 1047 SST SST PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP279 GD654 464.6 597093 6356875 9880.4 -120 -32.9220619 148.0384279 DC E48 2324 1047 SST SST PRO 3 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP280 GD654 464.8 597093 6356875 9880.4 -120 -32.9220619 148.0384279 DC E48 2324 1047 SST SST PRO 2 Y - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP281 GD654 462.0 597092 6356877 9882.9 -117 -32.9220439 148.0384170 DC E48 2326 1048 SST SST PRO 1 Y - - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP285A E26D460 922.8 597888 6355734 9049.9 -950 -32.9322816 148.0470506 DC E26 1002 827 BQM BQM PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP285B E26D460 922.8 597888 6355734 9049.9 -950.1 -32.9322816 148.0470506 DC E26 1002.1 827.3 BQM BQM PRO 2 - - - - Y
300
Pacey (2016) NP13AP294 REGIONAL - 605860 6344416 - 324 -33.0336110 148.1336124 OC Meta 12969 14402 MON MON PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP295 REGIONAL - 604331 6344617 - 312 -33.0319460 148.1172188 OC Meta 11934 13459 MON MON PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP296 REGIONAL - 606674 6345362 - 332 -33.0250000 148.1422176 SC Meta 12768 14096 TR TR PRO 1 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP298 E26SD107 206.5 597836 6354422 9782.1 -218 -32.9441191 148.0466338 DC E26 362 2131 BQM BQM PRO 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP299 E26SD107 206.6 597836 6354422 9782.1 -218 -32.9441191 148.0466338 DC E26 362 2131 BQM BQM PRO 1 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP300 E26SD107 352.3 597795 6354403 9774.8 -225 -32.9442941 148.0461973 DC E26 399 2154 AND AND PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP301 E26SD107 481.0 597585 6354319 9750.8 -249 -32.9450705 148.0439600 DC E26 599 2275 CON CON PRO 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP302 GD654 848.5 597193 6356686 9569.1 -431 -32.9237576 148.0395172 DC E48 2110 903 BQM BQM PRO 2 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP303 GD654 563.5 597118 6356829 9801.3 -199 -32.9224745 148.0387001 DC E48 2272 1009 SST SST MAG 1 Y - - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP307 GD654 684.6 597154 6356762 9691.7 -308 -32.9230756 148.0390921 DC E48 2196 956 SST SST MAG 2 Y - - Y -

Pacey (2016) NP13AP311 GD654 728.5 597168 6356737 9651.6 -348 -32.9232998 148.0392445 DC E48 2168 938 AND AND MAG 1 Y Y - Y -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP312 GD654 741.7 597168 6356737 9651.6 -348 -32.9232998 148.0392445 DC E48 2168 938 AND AND PRO 3 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP313 GD749 789.1 599757 6355885 9563.9 -436 -32.9307506 148.0670229 DC - 2089 1796 AND AND PRO 2 - - - - -
Pacey (2016) NP13AP315 GD654 413.8 597080 6356900 9924.9 -75 -32.9218375 148.0382863 DC E48 2352 1068 AND AND MAG 1 Y Y - Y Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP317 GD654 299.4 597050 6356950 10022.3 22 -32.9213893 148.0379602 DC E48 2410 1113 AND AND PRO 4 - - - - Y
Pacey (2016) NP13AP318 REGIONAL - 593865 6335983 - 286 -33.1107681 148.0060463 OC Meta 19209 20984 FLT N/A PRO 4 - - Y - Y
Rio Tinto Ltd GR32 E26D459 205 597730 6354906 9314.0 -685 -32.9397267 148.0454490 DC E26 325 1670 TVB TVB - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR33 E26D459 246 597699 6354906 9286.1 -713 -32.9397204 148.0451174 DC E26 353 1677 TVB TVB - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR34 E26D459 364 597612 6354907 9208.6 -791 -32.9397011 148.0441951 DC E26 432 1698 TR TR - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR35 E26D459 298 597662 6354907 9252.3 -747 -32.9397147 148.0447215 DC E26 387 1685 CON CON - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR36 E26D459 500 597506 6354911 9123.9 -877 -32.9396656 148.0430437 DC E26 533 1727 BQM BQM - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR43 E34D3 137 596182 6356011 10157.7 157 -32.9299252 148.0287769 DC - 2227 1974 SST SST - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR44 E34D3 190 596207 6356008 10112.1 111 -32.9299590 148.0290468 DC - 2204 1951 MZO MZO - Y - - - -
301
Rio Tinto Ltd GR45 E34D3 301 596260 6356000 10014.0 15 -32.9300356 148.0296039 DC - 2156 1902 AND AND - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR46 E34D3 475 596344 6355981 9863.3 -137 -32.9302086 148.0305054 DC - 2077 1827 AND AND - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR47 E34D3 620 596416 6355960 9739.9 -262 -32.9304096 148.0312842 DC - 2007 1765 BQM BQM - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR48 E34D3 727 596472 6355939 9650.1 -349 -32.9305944 148.0318522 DC - 1951 1720 SST SST - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR51 E34D3 1112 596676 6355845 9337.0 -663 -32.9314602 148.0340420 DC - 1732 1569 AND AND - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR52 E34D3 1222 596729 6355817 9246.0 -755 -32.9317171 148.0346012 DC - 1674 1535 SST SST - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR55 E48D147 307 597662 6356250 9491.6 -489 -32.9274838 148.0447189 DC E48 1550 511 AFG AFG - Y - - - -
Rio Tinto Ltd GR57 E48D147 514 597543 6356147 9355.9 -643 -32.9285151 148.0432775 DC E48 1483 668 AFG AFG - Y - - - -
Johnson (2011) A3 GD552 572.5 - - - - - - - - - - - APL - Y - - - -
Johnson (2011) A15 GD552 1150 - - - - - - - - - - Mafic Dyke DKB - Y - - - -
Johnson (2011) CS1 GD459 578.1 - - - - - - - - - - - BQM - Y - - - -


Johnson (2011) CS13 GD459 883.95 - - - - - - - - - - - QMZ - Y - - - -
Johnson (2011) CS24 GD459 1158 - - - - - - - - - - - QMZ - Y - - - -
302
Johnson (2011) F21 GD467 1255.5 - - - - - - - - - - Mafic Dyke DKB - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E22/2/271.1 E22D2 271.1 - - - - - - - - - - APL E22 (L) APL - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E27/248/382.7 E27D248 382.7 - - - - - - - - - - APL E27(L) APL - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E27/E/14 E27DE1 14 - - - - - - - - - - APL E27(L) APL - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL-1 E22D229 728.6 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E22 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1759.6 E26D46 1759.6 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E26 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E48/15W1/890.3 E48D15W1 890.3 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E48 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL-9 E48D13W2 970.7 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E48 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E22/39/581.0 E22D39 581.0 - - - - - - - - - - B-QMP E22 B-QMP - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL-2 E22D229 635.1 - - - - - - - - - - B-QMP E22 B-QMP - Y - - - -

Lickfold (2002) E26/132W2/765.6 E26D132W2 765.6 - - - - - - - - - - B-QMP E26 B-QMP - Y - - - -

Lickfold (2002) E27/S/1 E27DS1 1 - - - - - - - - - - B-QMP E27 B-QMP - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1284.8 E26D46 1284.8 - - - - - - - - - - BTA E26 MZO - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E22/6/153.8 E22D6 153.8 - - - - - - - - - - KA-QMP E22 KA-QMP - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL-3 E22D2 345.7 - - - - - - - - - - KA-QMP E22 KA-QMP - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E48/13W2/816.7 E48D13W2 816.7 - - - - - - - - - - KA-QMP E48 KA-QMP - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E22/205/353.3 E22D205 353.3 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E22 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL-4 E22D205 400.9 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E22 K-QMP - Y - - - -
303
Lickfold (2002) E48/13W2/703.8 E48D13W2 703.8 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E48 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL-12 E48D15W1 651.3 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E48 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E27/386/185.8 E27D386 185.8 - - - - - - - - - - Mafic Dyke E27 DKB - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL-13 E26D46 1720.2 - - - - - - - - - - MZD E26 MZD - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1777.5 E26D46 1777.5 - - - - - - - - - - Zero E26 ZRO - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL-18 E26D264 263.0 - - - - - - - - - - Zero E26 ZRO - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL8-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Int. NEL INT - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL7-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - Condobolin Rd. MD NEL INT - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL5-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Siding GOO INT - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VLM-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. (RD) WOM INT - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL11-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - Cooks Myalls Mon. WOM INT - Y - - - -
Lickfold (2002) VL10-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - Gunn. Forest WOM INT - Y - - - -
Radclyffe (1995) RA100 - - - - - - - - - - - - BQM (L) BQM - Y - - - -
Radclyffe (1995) RA0 - - - - - - - - - - - - BQM (L) BQM - Y - - - -

Radclyffe (1995) EX425 - - - - - - - - - - - - BQM (L) BQM - Y - - - -

Radclyffe (1995) Monz3 - - - - - - - - - - - - Condobolin Rd. MD NEL INT - Y - - - -
Radclyffe (1995) Monz21 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Siding GOO INT - Y - - - -
Müller (1994) E26/38/149.3 E26D38 149.3 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E26 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Müller (1994) E26/38/149.3 E26D38 149.3 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E26 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Wolfe (1994) E48/13W2/980.0 E48D13W2 980.0 - - - - - - - - - - APL E48 (L) APL - Y - - - -
Wolfe (1994) E48/15W1/1015.0 E48D15W1 1015.0 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E48 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
Wolfe (1994) E26/31/150.0 E26D31 150.0 - - - - - - - - - - KA-QMP E26 KA-QMP - Y - - - -
Wolfe (1994) E48/2/290.0 E48D2 290.0 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E48 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Wolfe (1994) E48/7/300.0 E48D7 300.0 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E48 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Hall (1993) 15941 - - - - - - - - - - - - BQM (L) BQM - Y - - - -
Hall (1993) 15939 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. North NEL VOL - Y - - - -
Squires (1992) E27/4/223.0 E27D4 223.0 - - - - - - - - - - B-QMP E27 B-QMP - Y - - - -
Squires (1992) E27/4/366.1 E27D4 366.1 - - - - - - - - - - KA-QMP E27 KA-QMP - Y - - - -
Squires (1992) E27/4/444.3 E27D4 444.3 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E27 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Squires (1992) E27/4/492.0 E27D4 492.0 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E27 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) ACH119-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - BQM E26 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
304
Heithersay (1991) E26/46/669.0-671.0 E26D46 669 - 671 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E26 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/48/389.0 E26D48 389.0 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E26 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/40/565.0 E26D40 565.0 - - - - - - - - - - BTA E26 MZO - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26 DDH26 E26D26 - - - - - - - - - - - KA-QMP E26 KA-QMP - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/64/809.0 E26D64 809.0 - - - - - - - - - - KA-QMP E26 KA-QMP - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E22 DDH6 E22D6 - - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E22 K-QMP - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26 DDH46 E26D46 - - - - - - - - - - - MZD E26 MZD - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/40/569.0 E26D40 569.0 - - - - - - - - - - Zero E26 ZRO - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) Goonum. Hill - Dyke - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Dyke GOO INT - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) Goonumbla Siding - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Siding GOO INT - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/26/227.6 E26D26 227.6 - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Vol. WOM VOL - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) Ring Dyke - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. (RD) WOM INT - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E31 Outcrop - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. (RD) WOM INT - Y - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26 South - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. (RD) WOM INT - Y - - - -

Heithersay (1991) ACH 967-106 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. (RD) WOM INT - Y - - - -

Clarke (1990) M33/086 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. North NEL VOL - Y - - - -
Clarke (1990) M33/142 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. South NEL VOL - Y - - - -
Clarke (1990) M33/093 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. Trachyte NEL VOL - Y - - - -
Clarke (1990) M33/100-C162 - - - - - - - - - - - - Condobolin Rd. MD NEL INT - Y - - - -
Clarke (1990) M33/102 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. East GOO VOL - Y - - - -
Clarke (1990) M33/147 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. West GOO VOL - Y - - - -
Clarke (1990) M33/087-C11 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Siding GOO INT - Y - - - -
Clarke (1990) M33/089 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Vol. WOM VOL - Y - - - -
305
Clarke (1990) M33/167C8 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. (RD) WOM INT - Y - - - -
Clarke (1990) M33/169-C10 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. (RD) WOM INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO37 E27D28 608.9 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E27(L) BQM - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO38 E27D28 668.7 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E27 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO76 E48D15W1 986.0-986.4 - - - - - - - - - - BQM E48 (L) BQM - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 E26/132/640.0 E26D132 640.0 - - - - - - - - - - B-QMP E26 B-QMP - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO30 E27D10 418.1 - - - - - - - - - - B-QMP E27 B-QMP - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO 48 E27D248 347.2 - - - - - - - - - - B-QMP E27 B-QMP - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO 65 E26D46 1284.6 - - - - - - - - - - BTA E26 MZO - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO 70 E26D46 1202.3 - - - - - - - - - - BTA E26 MZO - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO43 E27D4 354.5 - - - - - - - - - - KA-QMP E27 KA-QMP - Y - - - -


AMIRA P425 GOO33 E27D10 471.5 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E27 K-QMP - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO66 E26D46 1121.5 - - - - - - - - - - Zero E26 ZRO - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO102 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. MD (484 Ma) NEL INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO103 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. MD (484 Ma) NEL INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO98 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Int. NEL INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO99 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Int. NEL INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO58 - - - - - - - - - - - - Condobolin Rd. MD NEL INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO90 - - - - - - - - - - - - Cardiff MD (Goo) GOO INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO87 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Dyke GOO INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO93 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Int. GOO INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO88 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Siding (451 Ma) GOO INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 E26/66/124.1 E26D66 124.1 - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Vol. WOM VOL - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO95 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. WOM INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO104 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. (RD) WOM INT - Y - - - -
AMIRA P425 GOO96 - - - - - - - - - - - - Woods Monz. WOM INT - Y - - - -
306
North Ltd 1503-42/61.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. North NEL VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd 1503-42/63 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. North NEL VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd 1503-49/91.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. North NEL VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd GPR9724 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. Trachyte NEL VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd 1503-25/39.6 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. Trachyte NEL VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd 1503-16/68.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Basal GOO VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd E33H1-83.8 E33D1 83.8 - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Basal GOO VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd 10-22-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. East GOO VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd GPR9530 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. West GOO VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd GPR9547 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. West GOO VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd 10-22-12 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Vol. WOM VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd 10-22-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Vol. WOM VOL - Y - - - -
North Ltd E26/153/120.5 E26D153 120.5 - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Vol. WOM VOL - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project E48/2/295.1 E48D2 295.1 - - - - - - - - - - K-QMP E48 K-QMP - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project E37H3-245.2 E37D3 245.2 - - - - - - - - - - Zero E37 ZRO - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project N40 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. Hi Ti Bas NEL VOL - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project N1 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. North NEL VOL - Y - - - -


NSW SPIRT Project N24 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. South NEL VOL - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project N29 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Vol. Trachyte NEL VOL - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project M33/098 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Int. NEL INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project M33/217-C134 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Int. NEL INT - Y - - - -
307
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-22/43.3.121i - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Int. NEL INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-23/39.4, i22 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Int. NEL INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-54/40.6, i23 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Int. NEL INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-22/43.1,121ii - - - - - - - - - - - - Nel. Int. NEL INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG162 - - - - - - - - - - - - Condobolin Rd. MD NEL INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project N46 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. East GOO VOL - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project N47 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. East GOO VOL - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG72 - - - - - - - - - - - - Cardiff MD (Goo) GOO INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project M33/2191 - - - - - - - - - - - - Cardiff MD (Goo) GOO INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CGS11.11 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Hill MD GOO INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG15.12 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Hill MD GOO INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG94.15 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Int. GOO INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG59B.13 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Siding GOO INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG199 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. WOM INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG109 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Int. WOM INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG189.19 - - - - - - - - - - - - Cooks Myalls Mon. WOM INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG220.111 - - - - - - - - - - - - Cooks Myalls Mon. WOM INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project M33/101 - - - - - - - - - - - - Gunn. Forest WOM INT - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG111 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. Basal GOO VOL - Y - - - -


NSW SPIRT Project CSG114 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. East GOO VOL - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG101 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. West GOO VOL - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSG141B - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. West GOO VOL - Y - - - -
NSW SPIRT Project CSHG53 - - - - - - - - - - - - Goo. West GOO VOL - Y - - - -
308
NSW SPIRT Project CSG100 - - - - - - - - - - - - Wombin Vol. WOM VOL - Y - - - -

APPENDIX D: WHOLE ROCK SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS AND MAJOR
ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY DATASET
General information
This appendix provides a written description of all samples for which whole rock geochemical data was
obtained, along with the results of these analyses for major elements. All data is given in wt. %; analytical
procedures are outlined in section 2.5. Data from other sources is also collated here. For clarity, trace
element data from analysis of the same samples is given in Appendix E.
Description column
A general description of each sample is provided in this column, usually along with any particular reason
why the sample was collected. Although in most instances the entirety of the described sample was
analysed, some were collected in two parts: one part retained for subsequent work, the other analysed. In
this case any differences between the two parts are also described, e.g. presence of a vein only in one part
etc.
Veins column
Details of the mineralogy of any veins are given in this column; minerals in brackets were observed within
the vein fill, others in the alteration halo, i.e. (vein fill minerals) + halo minerals.
Further details
All other details are as described for Appendix C.
309
Whole rock geochemistry data, all values in wt. %
Unique sample
Source Description Veins
number SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O Cr2O3 TiO2 MnO P2O5 SrO BaO C S LOI Total
Porphyritic volcanic rock (probable lava) of likely basaltic
trachyandesite composition with plagioclase phenocrysts up to 2 mm
long. Cut by epidote veins occasionally with thin (<1 mm wide) calcite (Epi+/-Cal)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP003 53.60 20.80 5.98 4.53 3.11 4.05 3.85 <0.01 0.75 0.15 0.49 0.14 0.11 0.28 0.03 3.04 100.91
centres, with texturally destructive blebby epidote halos which zone + Epi+Hem
outward into simple weak hematitic reddening. WR sample contains
some epidote veins.
Weakly sericitized and hematite reddened semi porphyritic biotite
quartz monzonite pluton material in which alteration enhances
texture of larger plagioclase phenocrysts. Note patchy selective
alteration of some plagioclase phenocrysts with further hematite. This
Pacey (2016) NP12AP004 None 51.50 20.60 5.32 3.21 3.39 3.55 4.57 <0.01 0.50 0.12 0.38 0.07 0.07 0.49 0.01 4.95 98.73
material elsewhere hosts epidote veins with hematite halos (sample
NP12AP005) in which the hematite also selectively reddens
plagioclase phenocrysts. Part of this sample for WR analysis contains
no vein material.
Sample of typical aplitic dyke which cuts, although is likely a late
differentiate of, the biotite quartz monzonite pluton. Sample taken for
Pacey (2016) NP12AP006 (Hem) 64.10 17.20 1.70 2.57 0.92 5.30 2.07 <0.01 0.26 0.10 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.64 0.22 3.71 98.92
characterisation of this phase, as it shows little alteration beyond
some hematite veinlets and specks.
Sample illustrates a strong pervasive sericitic alteration, with illite
present in feldspars, which is texturally enhancing. Alteration is a
result of late stage (but clearly still with large volumes of circulating (Qtz+Hem)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP007 53.60 18.95 3.75 4.68 2.76 0.09 4.23 <0.01 0.46 0.12 0.34 0.04 0.02 1.78 0.66 9.99 101.47
fluid) large shear faults which locally develop mylonitic fabrics. Veins + Ser
described are really fault fabric quartz with hematite and sericite
throughout, they are not typical clear veins.
Sample shows pervasive moderate sericitic alteration likely including
310
illite (greenish tinge to feldspars), sample is taken from the only area
in this hole where the biotite quartz monzonite stock/pluton contains
specks of bornite and chalcopyrite, although WR sample does not
Pacey (2016) NP12AP008 (Bn+Py) 51.60 20.60 3.54 3.67 1.84 4.10 4.11 <0.01 0.55 0.14 0.37 0.07 0.08 1.27 0.21 6.75 98.90
contain any directly observable sulphides. Sulphide spots and veinlets
appear to cut minor calcite veins elsewhere in the area and the
sample is sericitized. It is therefore likely the sulphides are related to a
late stage fault which cuts the hole.
Finely porphyritic volcanic rock (lava or sill) likely of basaltic

trachyandesite composition with plagioclase phenocrysts 1-2 mm
long. Cut by two generations of veins of the same mineralogy and
style as described. First veins are thin threads/veinlets, dominated by
blebby/patchy epidote halos in which the epidote is texturally
destructive, zoning outwards into weak hematite reddening and (Cal+Hem+/-Chl)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP009 49.50 18.50 7.22 5.88 4.08 3.76 3.40 <0.01 0.69 0.24 0.47 0.12 0.11 1.23 <0.01 6.65 101.85
possibly minor chlorite. Later vein is nearly perpendicular to the first + Epi+Hem
ones and with a thicker centre of cal + hem; this vein is not included
in the part analysed for WR. Epidote is also present throughout as
small patchy texturally destructive blebs (1-3mm dia.) with minor
hematite halos but does not appear to preferentially replace any
particular mineral. Sample notably similar to NP12AP027.
Host rock as described for NP12AP009, and cut by vein of essentially
the same mineralogy as for that sample, but with epidote now (Cal+Hem+Epi)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP010 49.50 18.70 7.66 4.33 4.53 3.68 3.49 <0.01 0.78 0.27 0.47 0.12 0.12 0.88 0.02 5.83 100.38
seemingly overprinting calcite in the centre of the vein itself. WR + Epi+Hem
sample contains only minor vein material.
Appendix D: Whole rock sample descriptions and major element geochemistry

Unique sample
Vein as described cutting lithology as described for sample

NP12AP009, and surrounded by small calcite filled fractures which
(Cal+Qtz+Hem+Py)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP012 may or may not be related to the main vein (as calcite cuts the halo 48.00 18.45 7.49 3.49 4.69 2.90 3.70 <0.01 0.79 0.27 0.48 0.13 0.15 1.44 0.16 8.08 100.22
+ Chl +Hem
but not the centre of the main vein). Note this vein is likely a smaller
equivalent of that in samples NP12AP002 and NP12AP028.
Sample of porphyritic volcanic rock (lava or sill) likely of basaltic
trachyandesite composition with plagioclase phenocrysts 1-2 mm
long. The rock has been entirely altered to a dark green colour, likely
chlorite, which may be the result of overlapping halos from the
Pacey (2016) NP12AP015 (Hem+/-Cal) + Chl 44.20 19.65 8.32 5.90 2.76 1.43 2.67 <0.01 0.71 0.27 0.49 0.04 0.02 2.09 <0.01 11.90 100.45
numerous fine dark hematite veins, occasionally with calcite which
cut the sample. This chlorite alteration, although pervasive is not
texturally destructive, it simply makes the original texture hard to
observe.
Sample of porphyritic lava likely of trachyandesite composition with
plagioclase pheocrysts 1-4 mm long, in which the groundmass is
selectively hematite reddened. Cut by a well developed vein as (Cal+Hem+/-Epi+/-Py+/-
Pacey (2016) NP12AP016 50.40 19.05 6.19 4.78 2.63 4.10 4.25 <0.01 0.68 0.31 0.45 0.14 0.13 1.04 0.15 5.70 100.00
described. Sample also contains spots of epidote throughout, beyond Chl) + Chl+Hem+/-Epi
the halo, and a texturally destructive patch of material the same
mineralogy as the vein ~1 cm dia.
Sample of porphyritic lava, same as NP12AP016, therefore of basaltic

trachyandesite composition with plagioclase pheocrysts 1-4 mm long,
in which the groundmass is selectively hematite reddened. Cut by a
well developed vein as described, however staining of this sample (Cal+Hem+Py+Epi+Chl)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP017 51.80 18.95 6.08 4.91 2.81 4.34 3.69 <0.01 0.68 0.33 0.45 0.13 0.11 0.82 0.16 5.13 100.39
also shows the hematite reddened halo is actually marking the + Chl+Epi+Hem
311
addition of hematite reddened KSpar. Therefore this is probably also
the case for NP12AP016. Sample also contains several small veinlets of
epidote and spots of epidote throughout.
Sample of porphyritic lava likely of basaltic trachyandesite

composition with plagioclase pheocrysts 1-3 mm long. Cut by veins (Epi+/-Cal+/-Py) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP018 54.70 18.90 5.99 3.09 2.73 4.85 3.22 <0.01 0.61 0.24 0.45 0.12 0.09 0.24 <0.01 3.00 98.23
dominated by epidote with hematite halos which may bleb outwards Hem+/-Epi
from the vein centre, other minor constituents as described.
Sample of finely porphyritic (plagioclase phenocrysts 1-2 mm long)

volcanic likely of basaltic trachyandesite composition from coherent
area within peperitic base of probable lava. Cut by several veins as (Cal+Hem)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP019 50.60 19.75 6.92 2.58 4.17 3.70 4.34 <0.01 0.71 0.16 0.46 0.08 0.10 0.67 0.01 5.38 99.63
described in which patches of texturally destructive hematite are + Chl+Hem
developed both in the vein halos and outboard of the veins
throughout the sample. WR sample contains one vein as described.
Sample of least altered (alteration essentially limited to hematite

development) trachytic material which forms small intrusions (sills)
and is closely related to the biotite quartz monzonite pluton to which
Pacey (2016) NP12AP020 it is likely genetically related. Notably often has spots/patches of None 49.90 16.75 7.03 3.92 3.26 3.61 4.88 <0.01 0.54 0.13 0.44 0.09 0.11 1.62 <0.01 7.55 99.83
hematite developed throughout which may be an alteration product
of an earlier phase or simply associated with the hematitic reddening
of the entire sample. Sample mainly for characterisation of this phase.

Unique sample
Sample of mafic zero (as described for sample NP12AP022 but

without dark red spots of hematite) cut by a vein type not seen
elsewhere, consisting calcite+hematite+sulphide with a chlorite halo,
the sulphide is unidentifiable on the specimen scale but is soft and
(Cal+Hem+Sulp.)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP021 silver, with the possibility of molybdenite, galena or specularite. WR 52.50 15.95 6.86 3.84 5.13 2.11 3.05 <0.01 0.51 0.24 0.42 0.04 0.05 1.31 <0.01 7.97 99.98
+ Chl
contains only minor part of vein. Sample collected for analysis of
chlorite in halo and possible identification of sulphide. Overall
alteration may be related to propylitic zone or may simply be
hematite reddening affected by later vein of unknown affiliation.
Sample of the classic Northparkes mafic zero which is essentially an
intrusive porphyritic basaltic trachyandesite of late to post mineral
timing which occurs alongside the classic zero porphyry and as
xenoliths within it. Sample consists of 10-15% sub-hedral plagioclase
and ~10% anhedral mafic phenocrysts in a chocolate brown aphanitic
Pacey (2016) NP12AP022 None 48.80 16.85 7.11 4.25 5.03 2.46 4.97 <0.01 0.54 0.26 0.42 0.05 0.13 1.43 <0.01 7.82 100.12
groundmass. The mafics are now largely altered to hematite and what
could be calcite, while there are several dark red spots of hematite
also developed, but these are not always present. Sample taken for
characterisation of this phase. Alteration is essentially only hematite
reddening.
Sample of mafic zero (as described for sample NP12AP022 but
without dark red spots of hematite) containing several thin (~1 mm)
epidote veins with hematite halos which often bleb outwards to give (Epi) + Hem; and
Pacey (2016) NP12AP023 49.90 17.55 7.96 5.51 4.19 3.29 3.56 <0.01 0.75 0.25 0.36 0.09 0.10 0.85 <0.01 5.59 99.95
patches of pervasive and texturally destructive epidote. One vein is (Cal+Hem)
also seemingly cross cut by a vein of calcite+hematite. WR sample
contains the patchy alteration.
312
Sample of classic Northparkes zero porphyry phase containing 10%
euhedral and macroscopically zoned (or mantled?) KSpar phenocrysts
up to 1 cm long in an aphanitic groundmass. Other phenocrysts
present include ~10-15% sub-hedral plagioclase 1-4 mm long and
~20% of what are now hematite spots with hematite reddened halos.
Pacey (2016) NP12AP024 The latter were likely an original mafic component? and are not None 58.90 16.80 4.07 2.87 2.28 2.39 4.29 <0.01 0.33 0.16 0.13 0.05 0.08 0.88 <0.01 5.47 98.70
typically this abundant in the zero phase. This may however be owing
to assimilation of the "mafic zero porphyry" (an intrusive late mineral
porphyritic basaltic trachyandesite) of which this sample contains
some rounded xenoliths. Sample taken for characterisation of this
phase. Alteration is essentially only hematite reddening.
Veins as described surrounded by patches of the same mineralogy in
which epidote is texturally destructive. Host lithology is a medium
grained porphyritic volcanic rock (lava or sill) of probable basaltic (Epi+Py+Hem) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP025 48.80 19.20 7.47 3.50 5.62 2.64 3.91 <0.01 0.83 0.26 0.50 0.07 0.10 0.17 0.02 4.53 97.62
trachyandesite composition with likely original plagioclase Hem+/-Chl
phenocrysts 1-3 mm long. WR sample contains the patchy vein
material.

Unique sample
Hematite reddened zero porphyry phase, containing 30-40%

preferentially hematite reddened generally anhedral plagioclase 0.5-3
mm long, ~5% anhedral mafics and ~2% euhedral Spar 2-5 mm long,
all set in aphanitic reddened likely KSpar groundmass. Notably this
sample has no visible quartz, but other areas of the same phase may
Pacey (2016) NP12AP026 contain minor visible quartz. Also notably this zero porphyry, None 67.10 15.30 2.76 1.54 2.06 2.65 5.36 <0.01 0.25 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.12 0.27 0.17 2.65 100.44
although clearly related to the classic Northparkes zero, is not exactly
the same, containing finer/smaller phenocrysts and much less zoned
euhedral KSpar phenocrysts. Sample for characterisation of this
phase, propylitic alteration very weak and limited to minor epidote
and pyrite specks in some mafics.
Medium porphyritic volcanic rock, likely basaltic trachyandesite with

original plagioclase phenocrysts. Both veins types as described could
(Epi+/-Py) + Chl+Hem;
be synchronous, but potential cross-cutting/offset suggests
Pacey (2016) NP12AP027 and (Cal+Hem+Py) + 51.70 19.30 6.49 3.38 3.89 3.34 3.95 <0.01 0.70 0.19 0.46 0.09 0.10 0.33 0.02 4.29 98.23
epidote+/-pyrite veins and similar patchy alteration were first, with
Chl+Hem
veins cut and reactivated by later calcite+hematite+pyrite. Note WR
sample does not contain the calcite vein.
Typical medium grained biotite quartz monzonite pluton material
with 1-7 mm texturally destructive epidote patches
Pacey (2016) NP12AP030 developed/disseminated throughout and cut by simple epidote veins (Epi) + Hem 53.50 18.95 6.63 3.99 3.07 4.82 3.54 <0.01 0.69 0.26 0.43 0.09 0.10 0.37 <0.01 3.59 100.03
with hematite halos. Note WR sample contains only patchy epidote
and no veins.
Extensively propylitically altered biotite quartz monzonite showing
texturally enhancing selective replacement of likely plagioclase
313
feldspar by chlorite, along with development of texturally destructive
epidote patches. This is then cut by veins of chlorite, calcite and pyrite
with minor quartz and hematite, again with epidote in the immediate
(Cal+Chl+Qtz+Hem+Py)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP031 vein halo being pervasive and texturally destructive. Note the 54.10 20.40 6.32 3.47 4.45 0.41 6.11 <0.01 0.72 0.30 0.43 0.03 0.14 0.31 0.25 4.86 102.30
+ Epi+Chl+Py
alteration in the entire sample is likely related to the veins and may all
be part of overlapping halos, as once the veins die out elsewhere in
the hole, rock regains its usual reddened appearance. WR sample
contains minor vein centre material and much of the patchy
alteration.
Typical hematite reddened semi-porphyritic biotite quartz monzonite
pluton material with 3 to 15 mm patches of texturally destructive
epidote alteration developed throughout. Sample is also cut by thin
Pacey (2016) NP12AP032 (Cal+Hem+Py) + Py 53.50 18.50 6.32 3.05 3.67 5.07 3.12 <0.01 0.58 0.23 0.41 0.07 0.09 0.20 <0.01 3.12 97.93
(<3 mm wide) cal+hem+py veins with pyrite specs also occurring
locally around the vein. Note WR sample contains only epidote
patches, no veins.
Sample of large propylitically altered xenolith within biotite quartz
monzonite. Sample is a dark medium grained porphyritic volcanic
with plagioclase phenocrysts, likely of basaltic trachyandesite
composition. Cut by several thin (1-2 mm wide) veinlets of epidote (Epi+/-Chl) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP033 50.60 18.45 8.78 5.74 5.12 3.38 2.78 <0.01 0.87 0.36 0.50 0.12 0.09 0.36 <0.01 4.18 101.33
with chlorite-hematite halos; the same minerals form patchy Epi+Chl+Hem+/-Py
alteration around the veins along with minor (<0.3 mm) specks of
pyrite. Although sample is slightly magnetic, this is likely remnant
primary magnetite.

Unique sample
Extensively propylitically altered biotite quartz monzonite. Cut initially

by epidote-chlorite veins and patches with large epi+chl halos which
(Epi+Chl) + Epi+Chl; and
Pacey (2016) NP12AP034 then appear cross-cut by later cal+hem+/-qtz veins which have a 44.90 17.40 11.55 5.03 7.55 2.28 0.98 <0.01 0.76 0.64 0.33 0.07 0.03 0.18 2.54 6.53 100.77
(Cal+Hem+/-Qtz) + Chl
chlorite halo. There is also some weak pink calcite developed but it is
unclear which veins this is related to.
Zero porphyry phase as described for sample NP12AP037, containing
a large patch of epidote which possibly represents preferential
alteration of a more mafic xenolith. Throughout the sample however
Pacey (2016) NP12AP035 epidote is also selectively replacing mafics, while the feldspar None 63.20 15.35 2.78 5.08 1.12 2.92 5.07 <0.01 0.25 0.21 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.61 0.35 3.84 101.12
phenocrysts and aphanitic groundmass are entirely hematite
reddened. Note WR sample does not contain the large patch, simply
the typical propylitically altered POR.
Sample of biotite quartz monzonite dominated by a wonderful vein of
Cal+Py+Epi+Chl with a clear halo of a Epi + Hem + Chl. Most of the
(Epi+Py+Cal+Chl) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP036 chlorite is present as a strong selective replacement of feldspars(?) 53.10 19.30 7.05 6.44 2.82 3.67 3.43 <0.01 0.69 0.28 0.42 0.12 0.13 0.23 0.05 3.09 100.82
Hem+Chl+Epi
and mafics. Vein is then cross-cut by later epidote-only veinlet with
hematite halo. Note WR sample contains these veins.
Sample of a zero porphyry phase which occurs throughout E34D3, but

which is not the same as the more common "classic zero" porphyry
which occurs as a dyke throughout the Northparkes deposits. The
main difference being a lack of large macroscopically zoned euhedral
KSpar phenocrysts which define the "classic zero". However there are
occasional KSpar phenocrysts and the two are likely related and of
Pacey (2016) NP12AP037 None 66.70 15.50 2.81 2.54 0.93 4.21 4.62 <0.01 0.25 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.15 0.42 0.06 2.62 101.10
314
similar timing. This phase contains small <1 mm rounded/anhedral
quartz (4-6%), ~10 % unknown anhedral mafics mostly selectively
replaced by epidote, ~30% 1-2 mm plagioclase phenocrysts and 1-2%
euhedral KSpar phenocrysts 2-7 mm long all in an aphanitic hematite
reddened groundmass, likely of KSpar. Sample for characterisation of
this phase, hence least altered sample collected.
Extensively propylitically altered dark volcanic rock (sill or lava), likely

of basaltic trachyandesite composition. Notably this sample occurs
within an ~5 m propylitic halo which is demonstrably associated with
an intrusion of the alkali feldspar granite (part of the biotite quartz (Epi+Py+Cal) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP039 49.50 16.45 9.73 7.00 4.74 2.39 2.04 <0.01 0.79 0.67 0.36 0.16 0.08 0.12 2.51 4.23 100.77
monzonite pluton). Therefore mineral chemistry of epidote, chlorite Hem+Py+Epi+Chl
and pyrite should reflect barren early mineral phase and can be
contrasted to those propylitic samples from hole E48D134 which is
clearly related to the E48 porphyry.
Fine dark massive sediment is overall chloritised and rich in specks of
pyrite, this is host to epidote+pyrite patches with hematite halos and
Pacey (2016) NP12AP040A is cut by veins of the same epidote+pyrite with - 50.70 17.45 8.70 5.49 4.08 3.46 2.27 <0.01 0.77 0.21 0.41 0.11 0.04 0.32 3.11 5.91 103.03
chlorite+epidote+hematite halos. WR sample contains the one
smaller vein and the patchy epidote.
Dark and strongly magnetic sediment, nature of magnetite is
uncertain but likely alteration related owing to proximity to biotite
quartz monzonite pluton. Unusual spotted texture could also be
Pacey (2016) NP12AP041 related to contact metamorphism? Although sample is cut by very (Epi+Py) 50.40 18.10 9.23 6.85 3.94 3.40 2.61 <0.01 0.85 0.24 0.42 0.16 0.08 0.14 0.61 2.72 99.75
minor (~1 mm wide) epidote pyrite veins, these are not present in the
WR sample, which is for background characterisation of sediment that
is not propylitically altered.

Unique sample
Example of porphyritic equivalent of biotite quartz monzonite pluton
material; strictly speaking this rock is a syenite, consisting weakly
sericitized plagioclase phenocrysts and minor mafics and 2-3% Qtz in
Pacey (2016) NP12AP042 None 61.00 17.90 3.64 1.75 0.94 5.73 5.17 <0.01 0.37 0.11 0.15 0.05 0.11 0.07 0.32 1.75 99.06
a fine grained to aphanitic groundmass of strongly hematite
reddened KSpar. Sample incl. WR is for characterisation of this
intrusive phase.
Propylitically mineralised vein/fracture network as described in overall
dark finely porphyritic volcanic, likely basaltic trachyandesite lava
which elsewhere has been magnetite altered, however around these
Pacey (2016) NP12AP044 veins magnetite has been destroyed. Although the veins/fractures (Epi+Py+Cal+Qtz) 50.90 17.95 9.44 4.32 4.05 2.99 2.39 <0.01 0.72 0.22 0.41 0.08 0.04 0.35 4.00 6.92 104.78
have no clear halos, the surrounding rock is chlorite-pyrite-calcite
altered. Note WR sample only contains some vein material and none
of the solid mineralisation in-fill.
Extensively propylitically altered sample of biotite quartz monzonite,
with large 3-5 cm halos to veins of epidote and pyrite; note the clear
order of minerals in halos from chlorite to epidote to hematite with
(Epi+Py) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP045 progression away from vein wall; within the chlorite and epidote 48.70 18.70 8.66 8.98 2.70 3.12 2.16 <0.01 0.73 0.39 0.43 0.19 0.09 0.33 1.32 4.60 101.10
Chl+Epi+Hem+Py
zones alteration is strong, pervasive and texturally destructive. Pyrite
is present throughout. Note WR sample includes vein and halo
material.
Extensively propylitically altered sample of dark porphyritic volcanic,
likely basaltic trachyandesite. Extent of alteration is probably owing to
much fracturing on the vein as described. Around the vein, in what is
perhaps a large halo, epidote is selectively and pervasively replacing
(Epi+Py+Qtz+Hem) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP046 plagioclase and the groundmass is weakly to moderately altered to 51.60 15.60 8.82 8.44 3.97 1.26 3.48 <0.01 0.85 0.60 0.37 0.09 0.19 0.71 1.37 5.59 102.94
315
Epi+Chl+Py+Hem
chlorite with specks of pyrite throughout, further from the vein most
material is simply hematite reddened. WR sample contains all
alteration and veins, and can be compared directly to NP12AP048 and
049 which are the least altered equivalents.
Dark porphyritic volcanic, likely basaltic trachyandesite, with what
appear to be in-filled vesicles, although the infilling material is
uncertain and is not a single mineral. Overall rock is magnetite
altered, with clots of magnetite developed both in the groundmass
and occasionally within feldspar phenocrysts, this alteration is likely (Epi+Chl+Cal) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP047 51.10 17.80 10.10 7.28 4.86 3.65 3.25 <0.01 0.92 0.29 0.42 0.16 0.10 0.08 0.02 1.25 101.28
owing to proximity to intrusions of the biotite quartz monzonite Epi+Hem+Cal/Carb.
pluton. Overprinting this are some small veins as described, within the
halos there is a possibility of some carbonate? WR sample largely for
background data from magnetite alteration of basaltic
trachyandesites.
Same as for NP12AP047, but lacking any amygdaloidal texture. WR
(Epi+Py+Cal+Chl) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP048 sample largely for background data from magnetite alteration of 50.90 17.45 9.88 7.43 4.74 3.38 3.34 <0.01 0.91 0.26 0.40 0.15 0.10 0.06 0.07 1.29 100.36
Epi+Chl+Hem+Cal/Carb.
basaltic trachyandesites.
Same as for sample NP12AP050, but now cut by a well developed vein
and halo as described. Sample is a great example of the hematite
reddening around epidote veins, but note this reddening only
extends around the vein and not far out into the rock as a whole,
(Epi+Py)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP049 therefore must be two reddening episodes - one general and 51.90 19.45 6.96 4.94 2.37 5.30 2.81 <0.01 0.71 0.20 0.47 0.19 0.11 0.31 0.26 3.27 99.25
+ Hem+Chl+Py
affecting the whole area, and one later associated just with propylitic
veining. Note also reddening in vein halo does not affect plagioclase,
the opposite to selective reddening of plagioclase seen in other
samples.

Unique sample
Excellent example of typical medium grained biotite quartz
monzonite pluton which has not been hematite reddened as typical
elsewhere. Rather this sample represents a small patch of unreddened
material which grades back into the reddened over several meters
Pacey (2016) NP12AP050 (Epi+Chl) + Epi 53.40 19.95 6.48 5.22 2.09 4.65 3.73 <0.01 0.65 0.17 0.43 0.25 0.16 0.01 0.04 1.52 98.75
without any textural changes or contact observed. One small epi+chl
vein is present but not in the sample sent for WR analysis, whose
purpose was to get data for least altered stock material. Cf.
NP12AP049 and NP12AP051.
Same as for sample NP12AP050, but now showing the general
Pacey (2016) NP12AP051 None 51.80 19.65 6.63 5.48 2.28 4.53 3.54 <0.01 0.60 0.17 0.48 0.24 0.15 0.36 0.64 3.21 99.76
reddening and minor epidote development.
Sample of typical reddened biotite quartz monzonite plutonic
material with weak sericitic alteration and specks of pyrite
throughout, cut by well developed veins of unknown mineralogy with Unknown
Pacey (2016) NP12AP052 56.50 17.45 3.89 3.59 2.36 3.93 4.53 <0.01 0.47 0.16 0.24 0.07 0.14 1.34 0.15 6.02 100.84
dark halos, which are offset by a later, much more poorly developed mineralogy
fracture. Note as vein material is particularly soft if could be of clay
type material? Note WR sample contains some vein material.

material with weak sericitic alteration, cut by several small veins with
blebby halos of unknown mineralogy - specks of pyrite with a
Unknown
Pacey (2016) NP12AP053 dominant light green and blebby phase which could by a unusual 57.80 17.25 4.85 4.20 1.75 3.86 4.41 <0.01 0.40 0.19 0.25 0.08 0.11 0.69 0.15 3.99 99.98
mineralogy
epidote? There is also one large vein 4-5 cm across which contains
both this unknown mineral along with calcite, hematite, pyrite and
what could be chlorite. WR sample contains only the smaller veins.
material with moderate sericitic alteration throughout but most
316
Pacey (2016) NP12AP054 strongly developed in plagioclase feldspar, taken as background WR None 56.70 17.25 4.94 2.53 1.96 4.09 5.18 <0.01 0.40 0.13 0.25 0.08 0.15 0.70 0.72 4.21 99.29
material for comparison with more veined NP12AP053, but notably
rich in Cu in WR data.
material with moderate sericitic alteration throughout but most
strongly developed in plagioclase feldspar, notably contains a thin
(Cal+Py+Epi)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP056 veinlet (<0.5 mm wide) and some small specks of Ccp. Sample is also 58.60 17.95 5.35 3.97 1.62 4.56 5.05 <0.01 0.43 0.14 0.28 0.11 0.13 0.42 0.04 2.68 101.33
+ Epi+Hem
cut by a small vein as described in which epidote is blebby in the halo.
Given largest vein is of epidote, sample classified as propylitic, but is
also phyllic; sample for WR does not contain any of the epidote vein.
Sample of an unusual vein which initially was thought to be propylitic

given the epidote-hematite, however given the slightly pinkish tinge
it was stained for KSpar, showing the pinkish red halo material is
(Qtz) + Kfs+
Pacey (2016) NP12AP057 actually KSpar. The host rock, an epiclastic/conglomerate of volcanic 54.20 19.20 6.78 3.81 2.99 5.10 3.86 <0.01 0.69 0.21 0.42 0.14 0.11 0.27 0.21 3.05 101.04
Hem+/-Epi
material, is also dark black biotite-magnetite altered. Now therefore
interpreted as initial potassic alteration owing to proximity to nearby
biotite quartz monzonite pluton weakly overprinted by epidote.
Sample is an epiclastic/conglomerate of volcanic debris, largely

porphyritic lava clasts in a fine dark sand-silt with some larger crystals.
Overall clasts are very difficult to see, but some are preferentially
(Epi+Py+Cal) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP058 hematite reddened. Veins in sample have mineralogy as described 52.80 18.50 6.06 4.83 2.51 4.03 4.73 <0.01 0.59 0.20 0.40 0.14 0.11 0.37 0.27 3.26 98.80
Hem+Py+Epi+Chl
but are dominantly simple epidote with hematite and epidote halos,
within the halos epidote occurs selectively in feldspar (likely
plagioclase) crystals only, while hematite is elsewhere.
Pacey (2016) NP12AP060 Sample of deposit peripheral Qtz+Sphal base metal vein (Qtz+Cal+Py+Sp) 55.70 13.50 7.61 4.31 2.25 1.00 2.81 <0.01 0.39 0.44 0.24 0.04 0.04 0.48 4.46 5.51 98.78

Unique sample
Vein as described associated with a large (3-4 cm) halo of intense

propylitic alteration. Vein cuts an epiclastic/conglomerate of volcanic
debris, some of which is preferentially hematite reddened. Although (Epi+Py+Cal) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP061 52.20 18.80 6.80 3.73 2.85 3.73 3.96 <0.01 0.65 0.58 0.43 0.12 0.16 0.22 1.03 3.72 98.98
WR sample does not contain the vein it does contain the typical Hem+Py+Epi+Chl
patches of epidote, chlorite, pyrite and hematite found within the
halo and throughout the sample.
Pacey (2016) NP12AP063 Sample of deposit peripheral Qtz+Sphal base metal vein (Qtz+Cal+Py+Sp) 53.30 6.84 5.40 7.45 3.22 <0.01 2.20 <0.01 0.20 1.25 0.11 0.01 0.04 2.79 4.84 6.98 94.63
Epidote veins as described with unusual large epidote-chlorite-
hematite halos developed. Could be a result of more permeable host (Epi+Py+Hem+Cal) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP064 48.90 19.30 5.72 5.59 3.21 1.88 3.98 <0.01 0.60 0.67 0.40 0.07 0.07 0.79 0.43 6.20 97.81
material which is a massive fine sandstone opposed to the more Epi+Py+Chl+Hem
typical igneous rocks.
Hematite reddened biotite quartz monzonite with plagioclase either
greenish and sericitized or red and hematite stained. Epidote patches
Pacey (2016) NP12AP065 are also developed in the sample but unusually do not appear linked None 58.30 17.70 5.02 3.57 2.16 3.46 4.44 <0.01 0.42 0.47 0.26 0.06 0.09 0.38 0.40 3.56 100.29
with replacement of a specific mineral phase, occurring randomly in
both groundmass and crystals.
Biotite quartz monzonite with moderate serisitization of feldspars
combined with selective replacement of plagioclase and mafics by
Pacey (2016) NP12AP066 None 58.90 17.70 4.86 2.93 2.29 3.72 4.31 <0.01 0.41 0.38 0.25 0.07 0.13 0.33 0.26 3.31 99.85
epidote and chlorite. Notable is the hematite reddening of particular
plagioclase crystals.
Pacey (2016) NP12AP067 Sample of deposit peripheral Qtz+Sphal base metal vein (Qtz+Py+Sp) 76.10 7.19 3.97 1.24 0.76 0.09 2.12 <0.01 0.10 0.15 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.53 3.34 4.04 99.72
Typical example of alkali feldspar granite with weak sericitic alteration
of most plagioclase feldspars, however some are instead pervasively
Pacey (2016) NP12AP068 None 62.90 15.50 3.08 1.58 0.92 4.26 5.29 <0.01 0.26 0.14 0.13 0.03 0.05 0.65 0.01 2.97 97.77
hematite reddened. WR sample for general characterisation of phase
and comparison to more altered samples.
317
Pacey (2016) NP12AP069 Sample of deposit peripheral Qtz+Sphal base metal vein (Qtz+Py+Sp) 51.70 16.85 5.86 3.94 2.49 0.11 5.54 <0.01 0.36 0.80 0.24 0.06 0.18 1.81 2.24 8.17 100.35
Veins as described cutting weakly sericitized and hematite reddened
biotite quartz monzonite. Outboard of the veins the host rock also
(Epi+Py+Hem+Cal) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP070 shows moderate-strong selective replacement of feldspars and mafics 58.50 16.85 4.53 3.84 1.98 2.65 4.96 <0.01 0.36 0.56 0.22 0.07 0.18 0.56 0.55 4.10 99.91
Hem+Py+Epi
by epidote and chlorite, often developed into small patches/blebs.
Spots of pyrite are also present throughout.
Vein as described cutting weakly sericitized and hematite reddened
biotite quartz monzonite. Outboard of the vein the host rock is also
propylitically altered with selective replacement of feldspars by (Epi+Py+Chl+Hem+Cal)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP071 57.00 17.35 4.63 3.42 2.43 3.49 4.42 <0.01 0.40 0.35 0.24 0.06 0.11 0.56 0.22 4.14 98.82
epidote and spots of pyrite throughout. WR sample contains one half + Hem+Chl+Epi
of the vein as the core broke along this when trying to cut off the WR
sample.
Sample is largely an oblique section through the vein as described,
showing a large pervasive and texturally destructive epidote halo, (Epi+Cal+Hem+Chl+Py)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP073 61.10 16.15 5.16 4.61 2.45 2.22 3.66 <0.01 0.37 0.34 0.22 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.16 2.88 99.64
itself with a halo of hematite reddening. WR sample in this case + Epi+Hem+Py
contains the vein halo.
Biotite quartz monzonite with weak-moderate selective replacement
Pacey (2016) NP12AP074 of plagioclase and mafics by epidote and chlorite. Plagioclase None 57.20 17.30 5.16 3.09 2.76 3.84 3.88 <0.01 0.42 0.54 0.26 0.04 0.08 0.49 0.79 4.36 100.21
feldspars are also weakly sericitized.
Typical biotite quartz monzonite with weak selective replacement of
plagioclase and mafics by epidote, occasionally developing into small
patches around a thin epidote-hematite vein. Mafics are also partly
Pacey (2016) NP12AP075 (Epi+/-Chl) + Hem 60.80 17.05 4.44 3.01 1.76 4.85 4.43 <0.01 0.37 0.18 0.23 0.08 0.08 0.39 <0.01 2.74 100.41
replaced by chlorite while entire sample is hematite reddened,
particularly within the plagioclase feldspars, which are also weakly
sericitized.

Unique sample
Typical biotite quartz monzonite with weak-moderate selective

replacement of plagioclase and mafics by epidote, occasionally
Pacey (2016) NP12AP076 developing into small patches. Mafics are also partly replaced by None 61.30 16.85 4.22 2.38 1.78 4.88 4.73 <0.01 0.36 0.19 0.20 0.06 0.08 0.34 <0.01 2.28 99.65
chlorite while entire sample is hematite reddened, particularly within
the plagioclase feldspars which have not been replaced by epidote.
Pacey (2016) NP12AP077 Sample of deposit peripheral Qtz+Sphal base metal vein (Qtz+Py+Sp) 69.90 11.55 5.72 1.42 1.06 0.11 3.70 0.02 0.18 0.24 0.09 0.01 0.05 0.54 3.58 3.73 101.90
Pacey (2016) NP12AP078 Sample of deposit peripheral Qtz+Sphal base metal vein (Qtz+Py+Sp) 78.90 8.07 4.63 0.35 0.51 0.04 2.44 <0.01 0.11 0.07 0.03 <0.01 0.02 0.11 3.41 2.99 101.68
Typical alkali feldspar granite with overall hematite reddening, along
with very minor spots of epidote and with some feldspar weakly
Pacey (2016) NP12AP079 sericitised. Sample incl. for WR largely taken for use as least altered None 64.70 16.10 2.96 1.32 1.22 4.84 5.19 <0.01 0.25 0.10 0.12 0.03 0.05 0.19 <0.01 1.45 98.52
equivalent, allowing characterisation of this phase and comparison to
more altered examples.
replacement of plagioclase by epidote and mafics by chlorite, epidote
Pacey (2016) NP12AP081 developing into some minor blebs. Sample is also hematite reddened, None 60.00 17.10 4.36 2.94 1.38 4.18 4.37 <0.01 0.36 0.33 0.21 0.08 0.10 0.37 0.24 2.78 98.80
particularly within and around the plagioclase feldspars which have
not been replaced by epidote.
replacement of plagioclase by epidote and mafics by chlorite. Sample
(Epi+Py+Hem+Cal) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP082 is cut by vein as described and is also hematite reddened, particularly 59.50 17.05 4.32 3.56 1.64 3.84 4.53 <0.01 0.37 0.33 0.21 0.06 0.10 0.50 0.49 3.24 99.74
Hem+Py+Epi
within the plagioclase feldspars which have not been replaced by
epidote.
replacement of plagioclase by epidote and mafics by chlorite. Sample
Pacey (2016) NP12AP083 None 59.90 17.15 4.34 2.79 1.75 4.96 4.30 <0.01 0.37 0.16 0.22 0.06 0.08 0.30 <0.01 2.41 98.79
is also hematite reddened, particularly within the plagioclase
318
feldspars which have not been replaced by epidote.
Sample of the main porphyry ore stockwork of Qtz-Sulph. veins. Note
although sample and veins represent initial potassic alteration,
Pacey (2016) NP12AP086 sample is now entirely overprinted by sericite-quartz, bleaching the (Qtz+Sulp.) 72.50 11.85 0.88 1.76 0.62 2.08 4.58 <0.01 0.22 0.02 0.12 0.02 0.05 0.52 0.11 2.49 97.82
original alkali feldspar granite host white. WR sample for data on
typical overprinted stockwork.
Fine pinkish trachytic volcanic cut by stockwork of thin quartz-
bornite/chalcopyrite veins with KSpar halos. This alteration is
(Qtz+Sulph.) + Kfs; and
Pacey (2016) NP12AP089 overprinting an earlier phase of thin quartz veins with biotite- 59.70 17.10 3.97 1.59 1.13 5.42 5.35 <0.01 0.57 0.05 0.31 0.06 0.11 0.87 0.05 3.59 99.87
(Qtz) + Bt+/-Mag
magnetite halos. WR sample to provide data for typical potassic
alteration.
Epidote-chlorite altered massive volcanic sandstone in which original
clasts and perhaps lithic fragments have been altered to epidote or
Pacey (2016) NP12AP092 None 48.20 17.40 10.00 7.60 5.81 3.41 1.50 <0.01 0.80 0.37 0.31 0.16 0.05 0.07 <0.01 3.26 98.94
chlorite, likely dependant on initial mineralogy. WR sample for less
altered background WR data.
Volcanic rock (lava or sill) with selectively pervasive epidote alteration
of original (likely plagioclase) pheocrysts. In addition epidote and
chlorite are present throughout. The relatively minor Py+Cal+Hem
Pacey (2016) NP12AP093 (Py+Cal+Hem) +/- Hem 51.30 18.15 9.22 7.82 4.42 2.30 1.25 <0.01 0.80 0.34 0.39 0.14 0.03 0.14 1.04 3.63 100.97
veins within the sample, which do not clearly have epidote associated
with them, cannot be the cause of all the alteration. WR sample
contains only very minor veins.
Sample contains a fine silt layer in-between two coarser medium
sands, with vein as described cutting across them. Interestingly
(Epi+Py+Chl+Hem+Cal)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP094 epidote halo blebs outwards at bedding contact, showing how fluids 49.20 18.90 8.43 5.75 4.93 3.47 2.01 <0.01 0.82 0.48 0.45 0.15 0.05 0.09 0.24 3.20 98.17
+ Hem+Chl+Epi
obviously encountered a flow barrier here and were forced laterally.
WR sample contains some vein in chaotic fine silt and sand.

Unique sample
Vein as described cutting finely laminated dark black earlier biotite-
magnetite altered sediment. Also vein minerals have preferentially
(Epi+Py+Hem+Chl) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP095 altered some sediment layers, highlighting the bedding and showing 53.00 18.40 8.04 6.22 3.78 2.90 2.62 <0.01 0.71 0.33 0.39 0.16 0.08 0.15 0.08 2.98 99.84
Hem+Chl
the most permeable horizons. WR sample includes altered laminae
but no veins.
Vein of Epi+Py+Hem+Chl+Qtz with Hem+Chl+Py+Epi in halo along
with significant blotchy alteration throughout of the same
(Epi+Py+Hem+Chl+Qtz)
Pacey (2016) NP12AP096 mineralogy. All developed within a chaotic volcanic clast rich 49.90 18.10 10.65 9.32 4.38 1.56 1.94 <0.01 0.75 0.39 0.42 0.14 0.03 0.26 1.48 4.36 103.68
+ Hem+Chl+Py+Epi
sediment/conglomerate, although texture difficult to observe owing
to alteration.
Large (3-4 cm) patchy blebs of Epi+Py+Chl with Hem +/- Chl halos
(same as vein, which is restricted to rear of sample) developed
(Epi+Py+Chl+Qtz) +
throughout in this fine dark volcanic rock (lava or sill), likely basaltic
Pacey (2016) NP12AP097 Hem+Chl+Py+Epi; and 51.40 17.15 9.06 6.83 3.46 1.85 2.76 <0.01 0.68 0.24 0.43 0.11 0.06 0.13 1.07 3.48 98.71
trachyandesite. Relationship to Cal+Hem+/-Py vein is not clear in this
(Cal+Hem+/-Py)
sample. WR sample contains many large patchy blebs of epidote etc.
as described but no Cal veins.
Veins of Epi+Chl+/-Py and patchy blebs of the same (noticeable for
such weak, although still present hematite halos) developed in dark
and magnetic porphyritic volcanic (perhaps previously biotite- (Epi+Py+Chl+Qtz) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP098 magnetite altered), either a lava or sill. Epidote vein is then cross-cut Hem+Chl+Py+Epi; and 54.10 18.65 9.03 5.25 3.39 3.41 2.49 <0.01 0.70 0.19 0.42 0.14 0.06 0.02 0.02 2.22 100.09
by very thin (0.5 mm) pyrite vein which is in turn cut by calcite veins (Cal+Hem+/-Py)
with possible hematite. WR sample contains no veins but does
include patches.
Thin vein of Epi+Py+Chl+Hem and minor blebs of vein minerals in
otherwise biotite-magnetite altered medium porphyritic volcanic rock
(lava or sill), likely basaltic trachyandesite. This sample represents the
(Epi+Py+Chl+Hem) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP099 first occurrence of propylitic alteration on a lateral traverse from the 53.80 17.15 8.21 4.22 3.89 3.34 2.67 <0.01 0.68 0.16 0.44 0.12 0.05 0.10 0.62 3.22 98.67
319
Hem+Chl+Py
ore body, further toward the ore/down hole, biotite-magnetite
alteration is dominant. WR sample contains only blebs of vein
minerals.
Medium porphyritic volcanic rock, likely basaltic trachyandesite, with
Pacey (2016) NP12AP103 uniform biotite magnetite alteration giving dark black strongly None 50.90 19.05 8.88 4.17 3.90 3.73 2.72 <0.01 0.73 0.08 0.46 0.11 0.06 0.15 0.05 2.52 97.51
magnetic rock.
Massive fine-medium sandstone with uniform biotite-magnetite
Pacey (2016) NP12AP104 None 49.40 16.15 11.10 5.84 6.30 2.82 2.19 <0.01 0.90 0.15 0.29 0.11 0.06 0.30 0.04 2.89 98.54
alteration giving dark black strongly magnetic rock.
Blebby veins as described with large halos, rock also weakly
Pacey (2016) NP12AP109 sericitised. WR sample is of background sericitic-hematite reddened (Epi+Py) + Hem+Chl 54.60 19.25 6.28 2.03 2.56 5.35 4.40 <0.01 0.59 0.18 0.39 0.11 0.14 0.06 0.90 2.71 99.55
material only, no veins.
Wide version of vein as described but with little quartz and hematite (Epi+Chl+Qtz+Py) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP110 54.50 20.70 5.95 3.45 3.14 3.69 5.00 <0.01 0.60 0.24 0.43 0.12 0.22 0.26 0.64 3.78 102.72
in the centre. WR sample is of vein halo only. Epi+Chl+Hem
Vein as described cutting medium porphyritic volcanic rock (lava or
sill) likely basaltic-trachyandesite, although hematite reddening is
(Epi) + Hem; and
Pacey (2016) NP12AP111 most intense in vein halos, it does extend into the entire sample. 53.60 19.30 6.76 3.84 2.50 4.31 3.68 <0.01 0.64 0.17 0.40 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.32 2.14 98.06
(Epi+Py) + Hem
Could be two vein generations, one with more pyrite, but no clear
cross cutting relationship and both veins can have same components.
Vein as described cutting fine volcanic rock (lava or sill) likely basalt-
(Epi+Chl+Cal) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP112 trachyandesite which has likely previously been biotite magnetite 53.80 18.95 6.15 4.14 3.30 4.72 4.10 <0.01 0.65 0.23 0.43 0.18 0.12 0.13 0.03 2.16 99.09
Hem+Chl+Epi
altered. WR sample contains no vein material.
Vein of Epi+Py with a Hem+Chl halo cuts a fine volcanic rock (lava or
Pacey (2016) NP12AP113 sill) likely basalt-trachyandesite which has likely previously been (Epi+Py) + Hem+Chl 53.70 19.30 6.91 5.12 2.94 4.64 3.54 <0.01 0.76 0.21 0.43 0.16 0.10 0.28 0.10 2.53 100.72
biotite magnetite altered. WR sample contains no vein material.

Unique sample
Patches/blebs of texturally destructive epidote with hematite +/-

Pacey (2016) NP12AP114 chlorite halos in chloritised massive medium-fine volcanic sediment. None 53.90 18.75 7.31 7.73 2.96 2.86 2.47 <0.01 0.74 0.31 0.35 0.17 0.09 0.10 <0.01 2.78 100.52
Some crystals (likely plag) in sediment also preferentially replaced.
Coherent porphyritic volcanic rock (lava or sill) likely of basalt-
andesite composition cut by epidote hematite veins with slightly
Pacey (2016) NP12AP115 irregular blebby margins. Some epidote-hematite blebs/patches (Epi+Py) + Hem+Chl 53.50 20.00 5.06 3.99 2.16 2.90 5.80 <0.01 0.70 0.25 0.41 0.15 0.15 0.09 0.02 2.40 97.58
throughout the rock. WR sample contains only epidote blebs, no vein
material.
Vein of Epi+Chl+Hem+Qtz with an Epi+Hem+Chl halo cutting fine
(Epi+Chl+Hem+Qtz) +
Pacey (2016) NP12AP117 chloritised volcanic sediment. WR sample contains one thin vein in 50.60 18.70 7.40 7.87 3.37 3.37 2.26 <0.01 0.69 0.34 0.41 0.14 0.07 0.56 <0.01 4.75 100.53
Epi+Hem+Chl
more massive altered material.
Coherent porphyritic volcanic rock (lava or sill) likely of basalt-
andesite composition cut by blebby epidote veins with hematite
halos; similarly there are blebs of hematite throughout the rock, often (Epi) + Hem
Pacey (2016) NP12AP118 52.40 20.30 6.31 5.51 2.60 3.97 4.33 <0.01 0.71 0.30 0.44 0.17 0.12 0.10 0.01 2.62 99.89
selectively replacing plagioclase with hematite halos. Hematite +Chl+Epi
therefore reddens most of the sample. Entire sample is reasonably
homogeneous.
Fine (1 mm or less grains) laminated sediment with slightly coarser
bed host to preferential epidote-hematite alteration, entire sample
Pacey (2016) NP12AP119 None 55.00 18.75 6.80 7.52 2.44 3.35 3.43 <0.01 0.75 0.27 0.52 0.17 0.11 0.05 0.03 2.30 101.49
weakly chloritised. WR sample is quarter of the core therefore
contains everything.
Medium to coarse grained massive volcanic sandstone with some
feldspar crystals and lithic clasts, generally much chloritised with
some preferential replacement of clasts by epidote. This sample is cut
(Epi) + Chl
Pacey (2016) NP13AP010 by several veins of epidote with chlorite + epidote + hematite 46.20 16.95 10.00 11.20 5.02 1.76 1.22 <0.01 0.81 0.39 0.31 0.22 0.02 0.30 0.01 4.20 98.61
320
+ Epi + Hem
reddened halos, in which halos show gradational change from
chlorite + epidote closest to vein, outwards into hematite reddening;
for most altered whole rock data.
As for NP13AP010, but without veins; for less altered whole rock data.
Medium to coarse grained massive volcanic sandstone with some
Pacey (2016) NP13AP011 None 49.70 18.00 9.04 9.21 4.81 2.83 1.40 <0.01 0.78 0.34 0.35 0.19 0.05 0.10 0.02 3.39 100.21
feldspar crystals and lithic clasts, generally much chloritised with
some preferential replacement of clasts by epidote.
Medium porphyritic volcanic rock with mostly euhedral phenocrysts
of tabular plagioclase set in a very fine groundmass. All original
phenocrysts have been replaced by epidote, while there is a general
hematitic reddening of the groundmass. Alteration appears to 'bleed'
(Epi +/- Cal) + Hem and
Pacey (2016) NP13AP012 from poorly defined veins of epidote +/- calcite with hematite 54.20 18.55 5.69 6.03 1.68 5.78 2.22 <0.01 0.64 0.28 0.44 0.14 0.06 0.36 0.15 2.61 98.83
(Cal) + Chl +/- Hem
reddened halos, which also occurr as small texturally destructive
replacement patches. Chlorite alteration appears around some,
possibly later, calcite veins. Strongly altered sample for whole rock
data.
As for NP13AP013 and located only a few meters adjacent, a medium
porphyritic volcanic rock with mostly euhedral phenocrysts of tabular
plagioclase set in a very fine groundmass. This sample is significantly
Pacey (2016) NP13AP013 (Epi) + Hem 54.20 18.85 6.23 3.45 2.91 4.75 4.38 <0.01 0.66 0.22 0.44 0.16 0.11 0.29 0.08 2.67 99.40
less altered than 013, with only minor veinlets of epidote bleeding out
selectively into receptive phenocrysts and surrounded by hematite
reddened halos.

Unique sample
Moderate propylitic alteration of volcanic conglomerate rich in

andesitic clasts. Alteration in this sample makes the original clastic
Pacey (2016) NP13AP014 texture quite difficult to observe. The matrix has undergone the most (Cal +/- Hem) 52.50 19.40 6.63 3.30 2.85 2.98 6.11 <0.01 0.68 0.24 0.44 0.12 0.17 0.24 0.03 3.31 99.00
intense alteration, now largely consisting chlorite with
calcite+epidote+hematite patches and veins of calcite +/- hematite.
Biotite quartz monzonite showing strong selective hematite

reddening (some hematite replacement?) along with serisitisation of
original plagioclase and to a lesser extent the K-feldspar groundmass.
Mafic components are also weakly chloritised. Sample occurs within
zone of phyllic alteration associated with sphalerite-chalcopyrite-
Pacey (2016) NP13AP018 None 63.90 16.70 4.82 1.28 1.52 4.48 4.99 <0.01 0.30 0.05 0.17 0.06 0.07 0.52 0.02 2.79 101.67
quartz-carbonate base metal veins and represents weakest alteration.
The biotite quartz monzonite is the most abundant phase at
Northparkes, occurring alongside the alkali feldspar granite, which
form the intrusive plutonic system that is interpreted to be parental to
the mineralised porphyries.
Moderate phyllic alteration surrounding zone of base metal veins as
described for sample NP13AP018. One quartz vein, with a quartz +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP019 sericite + pyrite halo cuts this sample, but does not contain sphalerite (Qtz) + Qtz + Ser +/- Py 63.30 16.30 3.68 1.46 1.27 3.52 4.99 <0.01 0.29 0.05 0.17 0.05 0.09 0.99 0.16 4.25 100.57
or chalcopyrite. Most plagioclase has been sericitised with formation
of minor hematite.
Strong, partially texturally destructive, phyllic alteration/serisitisation
of original biotite quartz monzonite; host to two small base metal
quartz veins with chalcopyrite and pyrite surrounded by quartz + (Qtz + Ccp + Py)
Pacey (2016) NP13AP020 sericite + pyrite halos. These veins are cut by later carbonate only + Qtz + Ser +/- Py and 66.90 14.90 2.22 2.82 1.57 0.11 4.13 <0.01 0.27 0.05 0.15 0.04 0.04 1.23 0.23 6.08 100.74
321
veins, which is a common feature of the base metal zones. These (Cal/Carb)
zones likely represent sub-epithermal mineralisation forming either
synchronously with, or slightly after, porphyry mineralisation.
Typical weak but pervasive alteration of biotite quartz monzonite

consisting reddening of K-feldspar and weak serisitisation of
plagioclase. Classified as phyllic owing to serisitisation of plagioclase,
Pacey (2016) NP13AP023 None 61.10 17.50 4.88 2.74 1.63 4.74 4.76 <0.01 0.41 0.12 0.24 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.02 1.28 99.76
but could be the weak expression of propylitic alteration. Whole rock
data for background least propylitically altered material, to compare
with NP13AP024 and 025 which are cut by epidote veins.
Veinlets of epidote within biotite quartz monzonite; as described for

NP13AP023, this sample has general hematite reddening of K-feldspar
and slight sericitic alteration of plagioclase throughout. Around the
epidote veinlets further hematite is added to sericitised plagioclase
giving dark reddish colour, and to K-feldspar giving bright red colour;
mafic sites may be slightly chloritised.
As for NP13AP024, but with veinlets now slightly larger and consist
(Epi + Chl + Py)
Pacey (2016) NP13AP025 epidote + chlorite + pyrite surrounded by halos with hematite 59.10 17.50 5.43 3.59 2.21 4.18 4.01 <0.01 0.43 0.23 0.30 0.10 0.08 0.28 0.03 2.37 99.84
+ Hem + Epi
reddening and epidote.
Alkali feldspar granite in which K-feldspar has been strongly hematite
reddened in association with thin veins of calcite + pyrite + epidote.
Plagioclase phenocrysts within the innermost halo of these veins are
very dark green to black in colour - preferential chlorite replacement? (Cal + Py + Epi)
Pacey (2016) NP13AP026 66.00 15.60 2.97 1.87 0.78 4.28 4.78 <0.01 0.21 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.43 1.01 98.42
Outside the veins some plagioclase and occasional mafic sites are + Chl + Hem
replaced by epidote. Note this is about as strong as propylitic
alteration gets in this lithology, as K-feldspar is not particularly
susceptible.

Unique sample
Alkali feldspar granite with very little alteration, just some minor
Pacey (2016) NP13AP027 clouding of plagioclase and perhaps some weak hematite reddening. None 66.40 15.65 3.13 1.42 0.71 4.79 5.15 <0.01 0.23 0.13 0.11 0.06 0.05 <0.01 0.02 0.46 98.31
Whole rock data for characterisation of this phase.
Moderate to strong propylitic alteration in alkali feldspar granite with
strong hematite reddening of K-feldspar and epidote + chlorite
Pacey (2016) NP13AP028 None 66.90 16.15 3.12 1.56 0.87 4.72 5.25 <0.01 0.25 0.10 0.12 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.02 0.96 100.24
replacement in mafic and some plagioclase sites; some minor
magnetite is also present.
Unusual monzonite porphyry consisting ~20% anhedral plagioclase
phenocrysts and 30% euhedral and broken angular fragments of
zoned K-feldspar in an aphanitic groundmass showing an unusual
Pacey (2016) NP13AP029 None 69.80 14.50 1.66 2.13 0.61 2.70 4.11 <0.01 0.12 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.44 0.10 3.28 99.72
brownish grey colouration. Most similar to the zero porphyries and
showing only weak hematitic reddening. Whole rock data for
characterisation of this phase.
Least altered biotite quartz monzonite showing only weak but
Pacey (2016) NP13AP030 pervasive hematite reddening, whole rock data for comparison with None 62.30 16.35 4.27 2.72 1.28 4.82 4.61 <0.01 0.35 0.14 0.21 0.09 0.08 <0.01 0.01 0.86 98.09
more altered samples, specifically NP13AP032 and 034.
Biotite quartz monzonite with disseminated epidote preferentially
replacing mafic sites, along with specks (<1 mm) of pyrite located in
both plagioclase and mafic sites; sample is also strongly hematite (Qtz + Py + Epi) + Chl +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP032A 59.00 17.25 5.24 3.91 1.85 4.40 3.89 <0.01 0.41 0.26 0.27 0.08 0.08 <0.01 0.02 3.07 99.73
reddened. Adjacent to the part of the sample sent for whole rock Py + Epi + Hem
analysis is a 15 mm quartz + epidote + pyrite vein with a chlorite +
pyrite + epidote halo and hematite reddening.
Biotite quartz monzonite cut at one end by vein of calcite + pyrite +

epidote (3 mm thick) surrounded by large (2 cm either side) halo
showing strong chloritisation. This grades outwards into zone of
(Cal + Py + Epi + Hem) +
322
Pacey (2016) NP13AP034 epidote and hematite reddening, while the entire sample shows dark 58.10 17.05 5.33 4.27 2.05 1.51 5.11 <0.01 0.41 0.52 0.26 0.06 0.13 0.45 0.02 4.33 99.60
Chl + Epi + Hem
hematite reddening, particularly within plagioclase, with epidote
developed throughout. Compare effect of alteration with least altered
background material for this area represented by NP13AP030
Although not containing any real veins, sample shows intense,
pervasive and texturally destructive chlorite + epidote + hematite
Pacey (2016) NP13AP037 alteration. Appears to represent large zone of chloritised halo material None 56.50 17.25 7.77 5.97 2.42 0.12 3.90 <0.01 0.43 0.93 0.26 0.05 0.07 0.60 0.47 4.03 100.77
as described for NP13AP034, and whole rock data is for
characterisation of this.
Strong hematite darkening of rock, especially in plagioclase feldspars,
with epidote patches developed throughout. As seen in sample photo
this is typically observed in-between the chloritised halos generated
Pacey (2016) NP13AP038 None 55.40 19.15 5.04 4.69 1.94 1.75 6.24 <0.01 0.42 0.54 0.28 0.07 0.23 0.70 0.72 4.67 101.84
around veins with centres of calcite + pyrite + hematite + chlorite +/-
epidote. Whole rock data for characterisation of this alteration and for
comparison with NP13AP037 and 030.
Strong hematite reddening of K-feldspar in biotite quartz monzonite,
with development of epidote and chlorite around original mafic sites.
Cut by small quartz + epidote vein, but overall reddening and epidote (Qtz + Epi)
Pacey (2016) NP13AP041 58.60 18.05 4.95 5.37 1.88 4.30 3.34 <0.01 0.50 0.50 0.29 0.13 0.10 0.23 0.08 2.31 100.63
development appears unrelated to it. However only one meter away + Chl + Epi + Hem
(sample NP13AP042) epidote is lost, suggesting it is controlled by the
vein.
Strong hematite reddening of K-feldspar in biotite quartz monzonite,
with little other alteration. Whole rock data for comparison with
Pacey (2016) NP13AP042 None 58.50 17.75 4.87 3.72 1.62 4.96 4.52 <0.01 0.45 0.20 0.27 0.12 0.17 0.47 1.22 1.34 100.18
NP13AP041, which is overprinted by epidote likely related to a vein
and to compare with other un-reddened samples.

Unique sample
Propylitic alteration in biotite quartz monzonite, consisting

development of epidote patches only occurring between thin epidote
only veinlets. Unusually initial hematite reddening appears to have
Pacey (2016) NP13AP043 (Epi) 58.00 17.10 5.34 4.70 1.70 3.96 3.98 <0.01 0.44 0.43 0.30 0.13 0.10 0.05 0.02 2.04 98.29
been removed and there may be a light serisitisation of plagioclase.
Whole rock data for comparison with least altered precursor rock
represented by sample NP13AP044.
Least altered biotite quartz monzonite which shows only moderate

Pacey (2016) NP13AP044 hematite reddening of K-feldspar, for comparison with un-reddened None 59.20 17.00 5.07 4.15 1.56 4.88 4.18 <0.01 0.44 0.14 0.26 0.12 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.99 98.11
samples and with propylitically overprinted samples.
Irregular blebby epidote veins cutting biotite quartz monzonite are
surrounded initially by slightly hematite bleached zone before an
Pacey (2016) NP13AP049 outer halo of strong hematite reddening in K-feldspar is developed. (Epi) + Hem + Epi 56.80 17.45 5.36 6.64 1.78 4.44 2.95 <0.01 0.45 0.51 0.28 0.12 0.07 0.43 0.12 3.15 100.55
Throughout entire halos mafic sites are replaced by epidote with
possible chlorite.
Sample of intensely chloritised biotite quartz monzonite with some
epidote and sericitic alteration of plagioclase. Despite intensity of
Pacey (2016) NP13AP050 alteration, the original semi-porphyritic texture is retained. Sample is None 58.50 17.90 5.07 4.75 2.11 0.13 5.33 <0.01 0.48 0.71 0.32 0.02 0.07 0.67 0.38 5.52 101.96
part of a large vein zone, with whole rock data for characterisation of
this alteration type.
Least altered biotite quartz monzonite which shows moderate
hematite reddening of K-feldspar and development of minor epidote
Pacey (2016) NP13AP053 None 59.10 17.65 5.33 4.21 1.62 4.93 4.14 <0.01 0.44 0.17 0.29 0.14 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.90 99.04
in mafic sites, for comparison with un-reddened samples and with
more intense propylitically overprinted samples.
323
Example of quite strong propylitic alteration in alkali feldspar granite.
This lithology is not particularly receptive to propylitic alteration,
owing to high K-feldspar content, usually simply with strong hematite
reddening and minor epidote specks. In this sample an epidote vein (Epi) + Chl
Pacey (2016) NP13AP054 66.40 16.50 3.01 2.75 0.77 4.29 5.07 <0.01 0.29 0.27 0.13 0.05 0.07 0.20 0.02 1.52 101.34
appears to have a halo of possible chlorite, expressed in darkened + Epi + Hem
plagioclase only, and more extensive hematite reddening. Outside
the vein plagioclase is also replaced selectively by epidote. Sample
was likely previously slightly sericitised, as in sample NP13AP055.
Weak sericitic alteration of alkali feldspar granite (most apparent in
plagioclase), whole rock data for comparison with least altered
Pacey (2016) NP13AP055 None 66.50 16.25 2.88 1.52 0.50 4.67 5.75 <0.01 0.25 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.26 0.02 1.59 100.48
samples and for comparison with propylitic overprinted sample,
NP13AP054.
Epidote only veinlets and patches developed throughout biotite
quartz monzonite in which feldspars, particularly K-feldspar, have
been intensely hematite reddened to a brick red colour. This hematite
Pacey (2016) NP13AP058 reddening is clearly related to the development of epidote, and is not (Epi) + Hem 61.90 16.70 4.56 3.91 1.54 3.98 4.30 <0.01 0.37 0.31 0.22 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.08 1.91 100.08
an earlier phase. This alteration facies is developed outwards from,
and around, large vein zones with intense central chloritisation and
epidote development, as pictured for sample NP13AP050 and 061.
Epidote only veinlets occur within zone of intense but texturally
retentive chloritisation which appears to represent the centre of a
large vein/vein zone. These zones are common throughout the latter
Pacey (2016) NP13AP061A (Epi) 56.80 17.30 5.19 4.44 1.64 0.11 5.53 <0.01 0.39 0.65 0.23 0.02 0.10 0.74 1.66 5.23 100.03
few hundred meters of this hole and are surrounded by areas,
essentially large halos, of epidote with strong brick red hematitic
colouration as pictured for NP13AP058.

Unique sample
Notably least altered sample of equigranular biotite quartz monzonite

in which the majority of feldspars appear very fresh and relatively
white. Alteration is restricted to hematitic reddening around very thin
Pacey (2016) NP13AP062 veinlets/fractures. Here these appear to be fractures only, with no (?) + Hem 59.20 17.75 5.52 4.64 1.86 4.76 4.21 <0.01 0.49 0.20 0.31 0.15 0.10 0.18 0.03 1.64 101.04
identifiable central minerals, therefore may be related to early
reddening phase or later propylitic alteration? Whole rock data for
least altered comparison to NP13AP058 and 061.
Strong potassic alteration of trachytic volcanic conglomerate within

the ore shell of E26 (although sample itself only grades 0.24% Cu).
Sample contains classic network of quartz + minor bornite veins
surrounded by clear halos of K-feldspar, along with slightly earlier K-
(Qtz + Sulp.)
Pacey (2016) NP13AP066 feldspar veinlets. Throughout the rock, although with no clear 61.90 17.70 4.96 1.47 1.28 3.78 6.90 <0.01 0.41 0.07 0.23 0.06 0.14 0.01 0.66 1.33 100.90
+ Kfs
relationship to the veins, are clots/patches of biotite and magnetite,
also surrounded by small halos of K-feldspar. Whole rock data to
assess effects of potassic alteration on this unit for comparison with
least altered samples and propylitically overprinted samples.
Uncommon sheeted magnetite veinlets with sericitic alteration halos
cutting trachytic volcanic conglomerate within potassic alteration
zone and ore shell. These are unique to E26 and returned a
surprisingly high assay of 0.8% Cu. Timing is uncertain, appearing to
Pacey (2016) NP13AP067 (Mag) + Ser 60.00 17.05 3.27 2.91 1.07 3.92 5.23 <0.01 0.41 0.03 0.22 0.09 0.11 0.02 1.69 3.88 99.90
cut earliest K-feldspar veinlets and with sericitic alteration typical of
later cooler and more acidic fluids. However they have magnetite
centres, a mineral elsewhere restricted to early to syn main stage
mineralisation.
Least potasically altered (i.e. no significant veins but still overall
324
Pacey (2016) NP13AP069 altered) trachytic volcanic conglomerate, for comparison with more None 60.10 17.55 4.68 2.57 1.12 5.23 5.42 <0.01 0.41 0.06 0.23 0.08 0.11 0.05 0.86 2.22 100.69
altered samples, specifically NP13AP066.
As for NP13AP069, a least potasically altered (i.e. no significant veins
but still overall altered) trachytic volcanic conglomerate. To assess
variability within conglomeritic unit by comparison with NP13AP069.
Pacey (2016) NP13AP071 (Kfs) + Kfs 61.30 17.85 4.37 2.06 1.06 5.32 6.00 <0.01 0.41 0.11 0.22 0.07 0.12 0.19 0.12 1.44 100.64
Assay result for this sample at 0.02% Cu compared to 0.13% for
NP13AP069 illustrates steep drop off in Cu enrichment, as there is
only 60 m horizontal separation between the two.
Weakly potassic altered trachytic volcanic conglomerate, now also
weakly overprinted with disseminated specks of epidote, therefore
Pacey (2016) NP13AP074 illustrates transition in alteration outwards from E26. Some minor (?) 61.30 17.95 4.87 2.46 1.17 4.97 5.30 <0.01 0.41 0.14 0.24 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.63 1.31 101.16
unidentified veinlets. Whole rock data to view effects of weak
overprinting.
Sample of classic Northparkes zero porphyry phase, so named as it
contains very little Cu (this sample 0.0005% Cu), occurring as a post-
mineralisation dyke body. This sample contains ~15% euhedral and
often macroscopically zoned K-feldspar phenocrysts up to 1 cm long
Pacey (2016) NP13AP076 None 66.80 15.60 3.44 2.43 0.92 4.76 4.28 <0.01 0.28 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.13 0.39 0.04 2.27 101.60
in an aphanitic groundmass. Other phenocrysts present include ~25%
sub-hedral plagioclase 1-3 mm long and ~5% mafic components.
Sample has virtually no alteration and whole rock data is for

Unique sample
Trachytic volcanic conglomerate (perhaps with an initial weak

potassic alteration) dominated by propylitic alteration, expressed as
epidote only veinlets surrounded by a weak hematite reddened halo.
It is uncertain if these halos are simply hematite or hematite reddened
Pacey (2016) NP13AP077 feldspar (albite or K-feldspar). Whole rock data for comparison with (Epi) +/- Hem 56.50 18.60 7.16 4.24 1.87 5.57 3.36 <0.01 0.65 0.29 0.41 0.13 0.10 0.37 0.13 2.37 101.75
potassic and least altered samples of trachytic conglomerate. Note
this lithology is poorly receptive to propylitic alteration, and as such
alteration in this sample is particularly strong and may be related to
presence of the mafic clast?
Excellent example of strong biotite-magnetite alteration in volcanic

conglomerate, however it appears that to some extent the strength of
alteration compared to only some magnetite specks in NP13AP074, is
owing to the more mafic nature of the host lithology, as the change is
Pacey (2016) NP13AP079 None 54.10 20.10 7.25 5.41 1.70 4.81 3.98 <0.01 0.64 0.19 0.39 0.16 0.11 0.18 0.40 3.10 102.52
relatively sudden across a bedding contact. Nonetheless this
alteration facies is typically developed between the inner K-feldspar
and outer propylitic zones and is to some extent always present. This
particular sample has been subsequently overprinted by epidote.
As for NP13AP079 another excellent sample of strong biotite-
magnetite alteration in volcanic conglomerate, however this sample
contains no obvious epidote overprint therefore whole rock data can
be used for characterisation of this alteration facies and for
Pacey (2016) NP13AP081 (Anh) 62.10 17.90 4.41 2.33 1.06 5.28 5.79 <0.01 0.39 0.17 0.22 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.13 1.07 101.15
comparison with epidote overprinted samples. Note how alteration
preferentially affects matrix and mafic clasts, opposed to more
felsic/trachytic clasts. Sample cut by very minor anhydrite only
325
veinlets.
Biotite quartz monzonite cut by a small vein of quartz with minor
anhydrite surrounded by zone of quartz-sericite alteration which
grades outwards into weak K-feldspar and biotite alteration (as seen
(Qtz + Anh) + Qtz + Ser +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP093 in sample NP13AP095 and 098). In this sample everything is then 60.50 17.40 5.97 4.22 1.69 4.27 3.24 <0.01 0.40 0.18 0.26 0.09 0.06 0.22 0.06 2.45 101.01
Bt +/- Kfs
overprinted by epidote-hematite alteration, consisting disseminated
patches of epidote throughout, particularly around mafic sites, and
with a strong brick red hematite colouration imparted to K-feldspar.
Sample is largely a strong texturally destructive quartz-sericite
alteration halo with minor K-feldspar. A small portion of the vein
centre consisting purplish anhydrite and magnetite is present at the
(Anh + Mag +/- Qtz) +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP095 top right of the sample photo. Whole rock data therefore 58.30 16.60 5.24 4.93 0.70 1.46 5.49 <0.01 0.39 0.06 0.24 0.06 0.08 0.17 2.79 4.18 100.69
Qtz + Ser + Bt +/- Kfs
characterises the alteration halo to this vein type and can be used to
compare the effects of propylitic overprinting with sample
NP13AP093.
This sample largely consists the most distal alteration associated with
anhydrite veins as described for NP13AP093 and 095. A small scale
example of the inner sericitic alteration halo, like in NP13AP095, can
(Anh + Mag +/- Qtz) +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP098 be seen to the left of the photo, while this sample is mainly of the 60.00 17.45 5.62 3.52 1.60 4.70 4.22 <0.01 0.42 0.16 0.28 0.15 0.13 0.16 0.39 2.42 101.22
Qtz + Ser + Bt +/- Kfs
outermost moderate sericitic alteration + biotite + weak K-feldspar.
Whole rock data therefore characterises the outermost alteration halo
associated with this vein type.
Sample of background alteration, likely just hematitic reddening,

present in biotite quartz monzonite. To be compared to almost
Pacey (2016) NP13AP099 None 61.70 17.55 5.32 3.80 1.58 4.94 4.41 <0.01 0.41 0.18 0.27 0.13 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.95 101.37
unaltered sample NP13AP100, to assess effects of reddening, but can
also act as least altered 'protolith' for samples NP13AP093, 095 and 98.

Unique sample
Notably unaltered and reasonably equigranular sample of biotite

quartz monzonite, whole rock data to compare with more altered
Pacey (2016) NP13AP100 None 61.60 18.05 4.74 4.01 1.44 4.93 4.21 <0.01 0.36 0.15 0.25 0.14 0.10 0.01 0.04 1.09 101.12
samples to assess chemical effects of alteration. One small clot of
epidote is present and used to make polished block.
Further least altered sample of biotite quartz monzonite, but does
contain some reddening. For comparison with other biotite quartz
Pacey (2016) NP13AP102 None 59.10 18.25 5.77 4.31 1.82 4.84 4.76 <0.01 0.47 0.14 0.31 0.17 0.11 0.02 0.03 1.16 101.26
monzonite samples with varying degrees of reddening to assess the
effects of this.
Biotite quartz monzonite with strong hematite reddening
surrounding barren quartz veins. These veins appear toward, and
dominate, the last ~250 m of this hole essentially forming a barren
stockwork. This stockwork coincides with trace chemistry anomaly
Pacey (2016) NP13AP103 identified by RioTinto internal greenrock study; therefore fluid that (Qtz) + Hem 68.00 15.05 2.66 2.73 1.34 4.23 4.24 <0.01 0.37 0.06 0.22 0.08 0.09 0.02 0.19 1.37 100.65
formed veins may be responsible for this. Hence whole rock sample to
see if any trace components are being added in addition to obvious
quartz to test this hypothesis. However this is unlikely as the quartz
veins largely appear to cross cut earlier epidote veins.
Many blebby/irregular epidote veinlets with hematite reddened halos

cutting biotite quartz monzonite. These are the first true propylitic
Pacey (2016) NP13AP105 veins in the hole and occur near to the most ore-distal end. Whole (Epi) + Hem 58.50 17.80 6.45 3.98 2.28 4.88 3.56 <0.01 0.47 0.20 0.32 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.23 1.80 100.80
rock data to allow comparison with least altered biotite quartz
monzonite, particularly with samples NP13AP 100 and 102.
As for NP13AP105, irregular epidote veinlets with hematite reddened
326
halos cut biotite quartz monzonite along with one minor quartz only (Epi) + Hem and (Qtz) +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP106 59.00 18.35 5.89 3.70 1.58 5.33 4.09 <0.01 0.47 0.12 0.30 0.14 0.11 0.19 0.04 2.04 101.35
vein. However this sample, with a lower abundance of epidote, can be Hem
thought of as representing intermediate intensity alteration.
As for NP13AP105, irregular epidote veinlets with hematite reddened
halos cut biotite quartz monzonite. Sample has a moderate
abundance of epidote and can be thought of as representing
intermediate intensity alteration.
Moderate potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite, which is rich
in K-feldspar and secondary magnetite but contains no veining.
Pacey (2016) NP13AP111 Sample is within the E26 ore shell but grades only 0.2% Cu. Whole None 61.20 16.55 4.42 3.80 1.47 4.46 4.80 <0.01 0.37 0.04 0.22 0.13 0.11 0.18 1.49 3.90 103.14
rock data to characterise potassic alteration of biotite quartz
monzonite.
Strong potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite, with several
quartz-sulphide veins in K-feldspar rich alteration zone. Again sample
Pacey (2016) NP13AP112 within E26 ore shell, grading 0.5% Cu. Notably as Cu grade increases (Qtz + Sulp.) + Kfs 63.10 14.90 2.10 4.00 1.07 3.74 4.24 <0.01 0.33 0.05 0.18 0.11 0.10 0.08 2.33 3.82 100.15
and K-feldspar content increases, magnetite disappears. Whole rock
data to characterise potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite.
Intense potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite with early K-

feldspar flooding and biotite rich veinlets, followed by K-feldspar
(Kfs +/- Qtz) + Bt and
veinlets and several generations of quartz-sulphide veins with K-
Pacey (2016) NP13AP113 (Qtz + Sulp.) + Kfs and 63.00 15.75 1.88 3.92 0.64 2.39 5.89 <0.01 0.35 0.01 0.09 0.11 0.11 <0.01 2.69 3.93 100.76
feldspar halos. Sample is again within E26 ore shell, grading 0.9% Cu,
(Kfs)
and again lacking any secondary magnetite. Whole rock data to
characterise potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite.

Unique sample
Strong potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite, with several

quartz-sulphide veins in K-feldspar rich alteration zone. These appear
cut by one example of a magnetite veinlet with quartz-sericite halo. (Qtz + Sulp.) + Kfs and
Pacey (2016) NP13AP114 60.40 16.10 2.43 3.98 1.36 4.55 4.84 <0.01 0.33 0.05 0.21 0.11 0.11 0.09 2.27 2.92 99.75
Again sample within E26 ore shell, grading 0.9% Cu and lacking any (Mag) + Qtz + Ser
secondary magnetite outside of single veinlet. Whole rock data to
characterise potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite.
Strong potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite, dominated by

one set of sheeted magnetite veins with quartz-sericite halos. These
appear to cut several thin earlier quartz-sulphide veins in overall K- (Qtz + Sulp.) + Kfs and
Pacey (2016) NP13AP115 61.10 16.95 2.82 3.71 1.36 4.21 5.24 <0.01 0.36 0.04 0.20 0.11 0.11 0.10 1.95 2.45 100.71
feldspar rich zone. Again sample within E26 ore shell, grading 0.5% Cu (Mag) + Qtz + Ser
and with weak secondary magnetite throughout the rock. Whole rock
data to characterise potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite.
Moderate potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite, which is rich
in K-feldspar and secondary magnetite but contains no distinct veins.
Pacey (2016) NP13AP117 Sample is within the E26 ore shell but grades only 0.1% Cu. Whole None 61.00 17.05 4.81 3.09 1.39 4.30 4.44 <0.01 0.36 0.04 0.20 0.11 0.10 0.19 1.15 2.36 100.59
rock data to characterise potassic alteration of biotite quartz
monzonite.
Strong hematite reddening in biotite quartz monzonite, associated
with propylitic alteration expressed as calcite-epidote veinlets.
Epidote is also present throughout as patchy replacement of all mafic
Pacey (2016) NP13AP122 sites and some plagioclase. This propylitic alteration is likely (Cal + Epi) + Hem 59.80 16.65 4.79 3.26 1.57 5.38 3.98 <0.01 0.37 0.24 0.22 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.40 1.64 98.61
overprinting a previous weak potassic (magnetite-biotite) alteration,
as suggested by the presence of some now degraded secondary
magnetite +/- biotite patches to 0.5 cm.
327
Biotite quartz monzonite with moderate sericitic clouding of
plagioclase (grey colouration) likely associated with early potassic
Pacey (2016) NP13AP124 (magnetite-biotite) alteration. This is overprinted by epidote patches None 61.50 17.45 5.21 2.58 1.84 4.31 3.86 <0.01 0.37 0.22 0.24 0.11 0.10 0.16 0.24 2.08 100.27
developed around mafics. Hematitic reddening of K-feldspar may be
related to either, or most likely both, of these events.
Relatively fresh biotite quartz monzonite with overall pinkish
colouration (most likely hematitic reddening) and some clearly
Pacey (2016) NP13AP125 None 62.30 17.25 4.63 3.15 1.43 5.28 4.11 <0.01 0.43 0.18 0.24 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.30 1.44 100.95
developed magnetite +/- biotite patches indicating moderate
potassic alteration.
colouration (most likely hematitic reddening) similar to, and for
Pacey (2016) NP13AP128 comparison with, NP13AP125 but without obviously developed (Epi) 61.50 18.05 4.71 3.15 1.58 5.59 4.49 <0.01 0.40 0.20 0.24 0.13 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.97 101.28
secondary magnetite or biotite patches. Some very weak epidote
development and veinlets.
As for NP13AP125, a relatively fresh biotite quartz monzonite with
overall pinkish colouration (most likely hematitic reddening) and
some clearly developed magnetite +/- biotite patches indicating
Pacey (2016) NP13AP130 None 61.80 17.35 5.43 2.50 1.24 5.47 3.77 <0.01 0.36 0.09 0.23 0.09 0.09 0.01 0.20 1.37 100.00
moderate potassic alteration. Sample for averaging with 125 and to
act as least altered equivalent for comparison with vein alteration
samples in this section, such as NP13AP135.

Unique sample
Alkali feldspar granite with moderate hematitic reddening and weak-

moderate sericitic alteration of plagioclase. Unusually this sample
contains what appears to be biotite patches, likely relating to initial
strong potassic alteration for this lithology, over which small blebs of
epidote have been developed in plagioclase. The hematitic reddening
and epidote development is locally restricted to ~1 m intervals either
side of areas containing anhydrite veins. These anhydrite veins exhibit
Pacey (2016) NP13AP133 None 62.50 17.65 4.38 3.04 1.47 4.93 3.82 <0.01 0.38 0.13 0.21 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.52 1.84 101.22
a clear zonation from anhydrite +/- sulphide centres outwards to
zones of silica-sericite replacement, through zones of chlorite-sericite,
to most distal epidote-hematite +/- sericite. The latter zone is
represented by this sample, NP13AP134 and NP13AP228; the chlorite-
sericite zone by samples NP13AP135 and 136, and the inner silica-
sericite zone by samples NP13AP141 and 142. NP13AP143 contains
vein centre material.
As for NP13AP133 but from another interval showing stronger
hematitic reddening and epidote development. As such this sample is
Pacey (2016) NP13AP134 None 64.20 16.15 3.53 2.47 1.33 3.42 5.01 <0.01 0.32 0.17 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.47 1.99 99.47
notably rich in epidote for its lithology, which is typically poorly
receptive.
Sample consists largely of chlorite-sericite replacement (with some
minor anhydrite) representing the middle alteration zone in the large (Anh + Qtz) in sample of
Pacey (2016) NP13AP135 59.40 17.15 5.15 2.71 2.99 1.80 3.89 <0.01 0.38 0.41 0.24 0.08 0.07 0.10 1.80 4.28 100.45
halos around areas of anhydrite-quartz veining, as described for large vein halo
NP13AP133.
(Anh) in sample of large
Pacey (2016) NP13AP136 As for NP13AP135. 59.00 16.80 4.69 3.07 2.77 0.29 4.71 <0.01 0.37 0.62 0.23 0.05 0.07 0.15 2.05 4.98 99.85
vein halo
Sample consists largely of strong texturally destructive silica-sericite
replacement representing the innermost alteration zone in the large
328
None - but sample is of a
Pacey (2016) NP13AP141 halos surrounding areas of anhydrite veining, as described for 66.40 18.10 3.64 1.46 0.72 0.35 5.47 <0.01 0.42 0.03 0.20 0.03 0.10 <0.01 1.94 3.90 102.76
large vein halo
NP13AP133. Some gradation toward the chlorite-sericite zone can be
seen in sample photo.
Pacey (2016) NP13AP142 As for NP13AP141. 65.00 16.95 3.22 2.18 0.56 0.29 5.22 <0.01 0.35 0.01 0.12 0.06 0.07 <0.01 2.52 3.90 100.45
large vein halo
As for NP13AP141, but now sample actually contains vein material (Anh + Mag +/- Qtz) +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP143 63.70 15.10 4.71 3.39 0.65 0.36 4.62 <0.01 0.29 0.02 0.18 0.07 0.08 0.01 4.30 6.11 103.59
itself, consisting mainly purplish anhydrite with magnetite. Qtz + Ser
colouration (most likely hematitic reddening) appears to represent
very weak potassic alteration, although there is no obvious secondary
Pacey (2016) NP13AP152 biotite or magnetite. For comparison with more strongly magnetite- None 61.90 17.50 4.78 3.18 1.36 5.47 4.19 <0.01 0.38 0.16 0.22 0.12 0.11 <0.01 0.13 0.84 100.34
biotite altered samples and to average with NP13AP130 for least
altered rock whole rock that is subsequently overprinted by several
veins.
Sample of very strong texturally destructive silica-sericite+/-pyrite
alteration surrounding large purplish anhydrite-pyrite vein, and itself (Anh + Py) in sample of
Pacey (2016) NP13AP155 61.50 17.35 5.15 4.25 0.40 0.37 5.19 <0.01 0.38 0.03 0.17 0.11 0.06 <0.01 4.85 4.63 104.44
cut by a small veinlet of the same mineralogy. Similar to, and for large vein halo
averaging with, sample NP13AP143.
Sample contains unusual patches of dark material (very likely chlorite
rich) set in zone of silica-sericite alteration forming halo to purplish
Pacey (2016) NP13AP156 anhydrite vein (not in sample). Therefore sample appears to represent 59.80 17.45 6.08 2.48 2.18 0.46 5.21 <0.01 0.41 0.16 0.23 0.05 0.09 0.03 2.74 4.65 102.02
large vein halo
a merging of two of the previously distinct alteration zones
developed around these veins as described for NP13AP133.

Unique sample
Intense potassic alteration of biotite quartz monzonite with early K-

feldspar flooding and strong development of biotite patches with
Pacey (2016) NP13AP161 minor surrounding quartz. Sample is for characterisation of most None 58.30 17.30 3.98 3.42 1.61 3.16 5.83 <0.01 0.36 0.14 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.20 1.74 3.74 100.15
potasically altered biotite quartz monzonite and is on the margin of
E26 ore shell, grading 0.18% Cu.
Trachytic volcanic breccia showing strong potassic alteration,
consisting numerous early K-feldspar veinlets and some later quartz +
sulphide +/- anhydrite veins with bleeding K-feldspar halos. Sample (Kfs) + Kfs and (Qtz +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP171 60.50 17.05 3.49 3.18 1.03 4.75 5.48 <0.01 0.39 0.07 0.21 0.12 0.11 0.19 0.67 2.38 99.62
represents classic potassic alteration at E26 and is from within outer Sulp. +/- Anh) + Kfs
ore shell grading 0.27% Cu. Whole rock data for characterisation of
this alteration facies.
Trachytic volcanic breccia with very weak potassic alteration, limited
to a few K-feldspar veinlets and disseminated magnetite. Sample also
contains extremely limited specks of epidote visible under hand lens.
Pacey (2016) NP13AP195 (Kfs) + Kfs 61.90 18.35 4.86 1.66 1.15 5.50 5.33 <0.01 0.43 0.11 0.25 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.11 1.38 101.37
Can therefore be used as least altered protolith for comparison with
both more intense potasically altered samples and more intense
propylitically overprinted samples.
Sample of true E26 ore zone material, in this case biotite quartz
monzonite with strong potassic alteration grading 0.9% Cu. Alteration
(Kfs) + Kfs and (Qtz +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP198 consists K-feldspar enrichment in groundmass, with some K-feldspar 62.60 15.55 3.46 3.51 1.31 4.55 4.44 <0.01 0.33 0.04 0.18 0.12 0.09 0.10 2.03 2.87 101.18
Sulp.) + Kfs
veinlets just observable along with small spots of biotite. This is all cut
by relatively large quartz + sulphide veins with K-feldspar halos.
Sample of biotite quartz monzonite with strong potassic alteration, as
described for NP13AP198, but with more noticeable K-feldspar
(Kfs) + Kfs and (Qtz +
329
veinlets which here appear to cut the quartz-sulphide veins. The
Pacey (2016) NP13AP199 61.90 16.40 3.67 2.91 1.56 4.90 4.35 <0.01 0.36 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.11 0.17 1.07 3.35 101.15
reduced amount of K-feldspar flooding and smaller quartz-sulphide Sulp.) + Kfs
veins are reflected in a lower Cu grade of 0.2% compared to
NP13AP198.
As for NP13AP199, grading 0.34% Cu. For averaging with NP13AP199, (Kfs) + Kfs and (Qtz +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP200 61.20 16.60 3.49 3.03 1.54 5.01 4.16 <0.01 0.38 0.05 0.21 0.14 0.10 0.18 1.20 3.38 100.67
note 0.15% change in Cu grade within one meter interval. Sulp.) + Kfs
Sample of intense and texturally destructive silica-sericite-pyrite

alteration surrounding veins of purplish anhydrite with pyrite. This
sample, and indeed these zones, are remarkably similar to the inner
zones of the veins described for NP13AP133, however they lack the
outer chlorite-sericite and epidote-hematite facies and occur closer to (Anh + Py) + Qtz + Ser +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP207 48.60 14.00 7.22 9.53 0.56 0.21 4.36 <0.01 0.31 0.01 0.15 0.14 0.08 <0.01 9.69 7.23 102.09
the ore shell. Therefore they could both be generated by the same Py + Ccp
fluid, but with the outer zones only being developed under cooler
more outboard conditions? Samples allow some testing of this
hypothesis by comparing whole rock data for the similar alteration
facies. This sample is Cu rich at 0.6%.
Fine dark and massive sandstone(?) which shows overall magnetite-

biotite alteration, with general distributed secondary biotite and
numerous specks of secondary magnetite visible as darkest flecks in
Pacey (2016) NP13AP214 sample photo. Sample is also weakly overprinted by epidote and is (Gyp) 55.80 21.20 5.54 5.46 1.79 4.19 3.20 <0.01 0.53 0.31 0.42 0.20 0.13 0.18 0.29 2.29 101.53
cut by latest thin anhydrite/gypsum veinlets. For characterisation of
magnetite-biotite alteration in sandstone and comparison with more
strongly epidote overprinted material.

Unique sample
Fine dark and massive sandstone(?) which has underlying magnetite-

biotite alteration as for sample NP13AP214, but is strongly
Pacey (2016) NP13AP215 (Gyp) 52.40 20.00 5.51 5.49 1.67 4.21 4.13 <0.01 0.50 0.36 0.40 0.15 0.12 0.34 0.16 2.93 98.37
overprinted by epidote +/- hematite patches and cut by several late
anhydrite/gypsum veinlets. For comparison with NP13AP214.
Small apparent sill of micro-syenite, dominated by small phenocrysts

of K-feldspar in finer K-feldspar groundmass. Unit is likely part of the
country rock volcanic package, although could equally be a sill related
to the ore forming intrusive system. Overall is slightly hematite
Pacey (2016) NP13AP218 reddened and contains unusual alteration, which consists 0.25-1 cm None 62.10 17.35 5.16 2.32 1.27 4.89 3.91 <0.01 0.35 0.24 0.16 0.12 0.15 0.07 1.30 1.89 101.28
patches of quartz +/- calcite with central epidote and sulphide,
usually pyrite and chalcopyrite. This may be entirely propylitic
alteration, but it is likely such quartz and sulphide patches represent
an earlier potassic phase.
As for NP12AP218, but now with much more epidote developed, both
in alteration patches, and replacing minor plagioclase and some K-
feldspar outside the quartz patches. This further suggests the patches
Pacey (2016) NP13AP219 themselves are earlier than the propylitic alteration - perhaps formed None 61.80 17.50 5.04 2.99 1.24 4.90 3.86 <0.01 0.36 0.20 0.18 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.56 1.58 100.63
during late stages of sill crystallisation as miarolitic cavities (?),
especially as they are restricted to within this unit. Data can be
compared to 218 to help assess effects of later propylitic alteration.
Sample of least altered alkali feldspar granite which has very little
alteration - perhaps some minor hematitic reddening only. Data for
Pacey (2016) NP13AP227 None 65.50 16.40 2.91 1.60 0.59 4.58 5.37 <0.01 0.22 0.17 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.10 0.63 98.31
characterisation of this phase and for specific comparison with
330
NP12AP228 and 229.
Alkali feldspar granite with strong hematitic reddening, preferentially
within the K-feldspar groundmass, and moderate sericitic alteration of
plagioclase. Epidote is developed in and around mafic sites (which are
intensely chloritised) and in some plagioclase sites. This propylitic
Pacey (2016) NP13AP228 None 66.90 16.05 3.03 2.18 0.78 3.80 4.93 <0.01 0.26 0.27 0.12 0.08 0.07 0.22 0.12 1.78 100.59
alteration is locally restricted to ~2 m intervals either side of areas
containing anhydrite veins as described for sample NP12AP133, and
this sample can add to, and be compared with, NP12AP133 and 134
which are within biotite quartz monzonite.
Sample consists largely of chlorite-sericite +/- epidote replacement

Pacey (2016) NP13AP229 halos around several small anhydrite veinlets, as described for (Anh) + Chl + Ser + Epi 65.20 15.25 4.09 3.58 1.34 0.32 4.40 <0.01 0.24 0.30 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.17 2.22 3.03 100.38
NP13AP135 and 136, but developed within the alkali feldspar granite.
Sample of least altered trachytic volcanics, although still containing
Pacey (2016) NP13AP234 very minor epidote specks, for characterisation of this phase and None 58.30 18.05 5.61 2.95 1.61 5.53 5.17 <0.01 0.61 0.24 0.39 0.10 0.13 0.19 0.04 1.60 100.52
comparison with more altered samples.
Intense and pervasive, but texturally enhancing, chlorite-sericite
alteration of likely original basaltic trachyandesite. This alteration is
observed as halos to larger quartz + calcite + epidote veins
throughout this hole, and some small examples of these veins are
within this sample but are volumetrically minor. Usually this alteration
(Qtz + Cal + Epi + Py) +
Pacey (2016) NP13AP239 grades out into epidote spots surrounded by hematite reddening 51.40 20.60 6.95 3.36 3.94 0.37 5.60 <0.01 0.60 0.29 0.51 0.03 0.10 0.46 1.43 5.66 101.30
Chl + Ser + Epi +/- Py
(NP13AP241, 245 and 246) before grading back into least altered
material (NP12AP242, 243 and 244). This sample is for characterisation
of the inner chlorite-sericite halo of these veins, to be combined with
thin sections of the veins themselves and with data from the least and
intermediate altered samples noted above.

Unique sample
Patchy development of epidote and chlorite around likely original

plagioclase phenocrysts in basaltic trachyandesite, surrounded by
moderate hematite reddening of groundmass. Sample represents
Pacey (2016) NP13AP241 alteration adjacent to intense zones of chloritisation as for sample 53.10 20.10 5.53 5.68 2.89 4.08 3.61 <0.01 0.58 0.25 0.49 0.12 0.09 0.35 0.07 3.41 100.35
large vein halo
NP13AP239, and usually grades back into least altered material with
simple epidote veins and hematite halos. For comparison with
NP13AP239, 242, 243, 244, 245 and 246.
Sample of least altered basaltic trachyandesite, although still

containing small specks of epidote within sites of original plagioclase;
sample appears to have been previously weakly biotite-magnetite
Pacey (2016) NP13AP242 (Epi) 53.60 21.20 6.17 5.26 2.53 3.72 3.98 <0.01 0.62 0.19 0.50 0.17 0.14 0.28 0.04 2.82 101.22
altered. For comparison with NP13AP239, 241, 243, 244, 245 and 246,
along with characterisation of this phase. Note one face of sample is
coated with epidote, where it broke along epidote veinlet.
Least altered basaltic trachyandesite, but now with no visible epidote,
only minor weak serisitisation of some plagioclase around fractures
Pacey (2016) NP13AP243 overprinting likely initial biotite-magnetite alteration. For comparison None 53.20 20.30 6.19 5.03 3.00 4.29 3.99 <0.01 0.62 0.19 0.51 0.17 0.13 0.13 0.02 2.09 99.86
with NP13AP239, 241, 242, 244, 245 and 246, along with
Particularly fresh basaltic trachyandesite, with only minor early biotite-
magnetite alteration and weak hematite reddening around some
Pacey (2016) NP13AP244 None 51.90 20.50 6.16 5.84 2.74 4.00 3.84 <0.01 0.64 0.19 0.48 0.18 0.13 0.06 0.02 1.58 98.26
fractures. For characterisation of this phase and comparison with
NP13AP239, 241, 242, 243, 245 and 246.
Sample contains alteration intermediate between chloritisation with
minor epidote, as for NP13AP239, and epidote patches with
surrounding hematite reddening, as for NP13AP241 and 246. It
331
Pacey (2016) NP13AP245 None 51.10 19.10 7.06 7.34 3.83 2.68 2.54 <0.01 0.60 0.35 0.46 0.09 0.04 0.74 0.02 5.70 101.65
consists a basaltic trachyandesite with weak chloritisation
surrounding 1-3 cm epidote patches. For comparison with
NP13AP239, 241, 242, 243, 244 and 246.
Basaltic trachyandesite with epidote veinlets and small distributed
patches surrounded by chlorite which grades into hematite (Epi) + Epi
Pacey (2016) NP13AP246 52.30 20.90 6.09 4.50 3.01 4.87 2.53 <0.01 0.63 0.23 0.52 0.10 0.04 0.39 1.43 3.90 101.44
reddening of the rock. Alteration similar to NP13AP241, but of lower + Chl + Hem
intensity and effectively intermediate between this and NP13AP242.
Sample of moderately altered fine sandstone which shows clear

bedding. This is highlighted as some thin beds, either owing to
increased permeability and/or composition, are preferentially
Pacey (2016) NP13AP280 replaced by fine grained epidote while the remainder of the rock is (Epi) + Chl 50.40 18.15 9.61 6.52 4.72 3.67 1.17 <0.01 0.80 0.35 0.47 0.12 0.04 0.18 0.03 3.75 99.98
slightly chloritised. The sample is also cut by a thin epidote veinlet
with surrounding chlorite, and epidote-chlorite patches are
developed both around the vein and along preferential beds.
Sample of v. fine sand-siltstone with very little alteration, limited to
Pacey (2016) NP13AP281 only weak chloritisation. For comparison with NP13AP280 to assess None 53.50 20.60 6.95 3.07 3.56 6.26 2.02 <0.01 0.73 0.24 0.48 0.08 0.09 0.28 0.09 3.40 101.35
effects of propylitic alteration on sediments.
Particularly fresh andesite/basaltic trachyandesite with seemingly
unaltered plagioclase. Alteration in fact seems limited to one very
minor veinlet of epidote with a hematite reddened halo. One of the
Pacey (2016) NP13AP282 None 52.50 18.30 9.10 6.66 4.01 3.81 3.86 <0.01 0.82 0.23 0.50 0.17 0.13 0.01 0.02 1.16 101.28
least altered samples of this lithology collected. For characterisation
of this phase and comparison with more propylitically and potasically
altered samples.

Unique sample
Exceptionally fresh sample of biotite quartz monzonite, with
alteration limited to weak patchy reddening in some places. Possibly
Pacey (2016) NP13AP283 the least altered sample of this lithology collected. For None 59.90 18.30 5.04 3.96 1.84 5.04 3.63 <0.01 0.50 0.19 0.29 0.16 0.08 0.01 0.02 1.01 99.97
characterisation of this phase and comparison with more
propylitically and potasically altered samples.
Sample of alkali feldspar granite with alteration restricted to patchy
hematite reddening of K-feldspar and perhaps slight sericitic clouding
Pacey (2016) NP13AP287 of plagioclase feldspars. This sample therefore serves to compare None 65.70 17.10 2.91 1.53 0.57 5.02 6.31 <0.01 0.22 0.15 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.98 100.93
against less reddened examples and to more intense propylitically
and potasically altered samples.
Intense, texturally destructive chlorite-sericite alteration of biotite
quartz monzonite. This represents the halo of a quartz + anhydrite +
pyrite vein; these veins occur in zones, away from which the intensity None - but sample is of a
Pacey (2016) NP13AP288 58.70 17.75 6.77 2.78 2.58 0.06 4.85 <0.01 0.43 0.49 0.27 0.03 0.08 0.50 0.30 5.12 100.71
of alteration decreases. The sample is part of a set (NP13AP288 to 293) vein halo
for mass transfer analysis to investigate how this alteration develops,
from least to most altered.
Moderate chloritisation of biotite quartz monzonite with distributed
Pacey (2016) NP13AP289 patches of epidote likely developed around initial plagioclase sites. None 58.10 17.50 5.37 4.41 2.28 1.36 4.37 <0.01 0.39 0.63 0.25 0.08 0.12 0.56 0.24 5.27 100.93
Part of sample set from NP13AP288 to 293.
Sample has typical appearance of propylitic alteration in biotite
quartz monzonite, with general hematitic reddening and darkening of
plagioclase, development of epidote-chlorite patches and minor
Pacey (2016) NP13AP290 None 59.20 17.75 5.60 3.17 2.25 3.46 5.18 <0.01 0.43 0.28 0.30 0.09 0.15 0.31 0.13 3.01 101.31
serisitisation. Here it appears transitional between simple reddened
and much more chloritised biotite quartz monzonite. Part of sample
set from NP13AP288 to 293.
Sample has the typical appearance of the biotite quartz monzonite,
332
with much background hematitic reddening and sericitised
plagioclase. The sample contains only occasional thin veinlets of
Pacey (2016) NP13AP291 (Epi) + Chl + Hem 58.80 17.70 5.07 3.62 1.49 4.66 5.03 <0.01 0.45 0.24 0.27 0.10 0.10 0.42 0.06 2.56 100.57
epidote with chloritised mafic sites in the halo and surrounding
slightly stronger hematitic reddening. Part of sample set from
NP13AP288 to 293.
Biotite quartz monzonite with only weak and patchy hematite
reddening of K-feldspar combined with weak serisitisation of most
Pacey (2016) NP13AP292 None 59.70 18.55 4.85 3.04 1.73 4.94 4.84 <0.01 0.45 0.18 0.27 0.14 0.12 0.20 0.02 1.85 100.88
plagioclase. No epidote or chlorite obviously developed. Part of
sample set from NP13AP288 to 293.
Least altered biotite quartz monzonite for this sample set, consisting
only weak and patchy hematite reddening of K-feldspar; most
Pacey (2016) NP13AP293 None 59.10 18.15 4.87 3.70 1.57 4.82 4.51 <0.01 0.44 0.20 0.27 0.15 0.11 0.04 0.03 1.09 99.05
plagioclase and mafic sites appear fresh. Part of sample set from
NP13AP288 to 293.
Massive and v. fine sandstone with no propylitic alteration evident,
however sample has clearly experienced previous moderate biotite-
magnetite alteration giving very dark colouration and magnetism.
Pacey (2016) NP13AP303 Sample for comparison with least altered 'fresh' sandstones to assess None 51.90 19.90 8.98 4.19 3.78 4.45 2.60 <0.01 0.84 0.13 0.52 0.14 0.19 0.06 0.02 2.34 100.04
effects of biotite-magnetite alteration and for comparison with
NP13AP304 and 308 to assess effects of propylitically overprinting
previous biotite-magnetite alteration.
Massive, fine sandstone with strong and destructive propylitic
alteration consisting much patchy disseminated epidote surrounded
Pacey (2016) NP13AP304 by chlorite; sample also contains one epidote vein surrounded by (Epi) + Epi + Chl 51.40 17.35 10.30 6.64 4.41 3.58 0.93 <0.01 0.85 0.23 0.44 0.14 0.03 0.13 0.02 3.40 99.85
minor chlorite halo. For comparison with likely 'protolith' represented
by NP13AP303 and 307.

Unique sample
A fine massive sandstone with overall dark colouration likely a result
of strong biotite-magnetite alteration, with sample being strongly
Pacey (2016) NP13AP307 magnetic. For characterisation of this alteration facies and with None 54.20 18.85 9.74 7.68 2.86 3.11 1.84 <0.01 0.83 0.14 0.42 0.17 0.10 <0.01 0.02 0.58 100.54
propylitically overprinted equivalent represented by sample
NP13AP304 and 308.
Massive fine dark sandstone with initial pervasive biotite + magnetite
alteration cut by a network of several calcite + epidote +/- pyrite veins
(Cal + Epi +/- Py)
Pacey (2016) NP13AP308 with chlorite altered and hematite reddened halos, related to 53.60 18.75 8.92 6.50 3.60 3.07 2.60 <0.01 0.83 0.27 0.43 0.17 0.15 0.03 0.12 2.04 101.08
+ Epi + Chl
overprinting propylitic alteration. For whole rock comparison with
NP13AP307.
Original grey-black basaltic trachyandesite now strongly overprinted
by propylitic alteration, with strong hematite reddening throughout
surrounding veins and large texturally destructive patches of calcite +
epidote + chlorite +/- pyrite; some patches of more pure dark chlorite
only are also developed. Original porphyritic texture of rock just (Cal + Epi +/- Py)
Pacey (2016) NP13AP309 54.10 20.10 6.28 6.58 2.31 5.31 2.59 <0.01 0.68 0.30 0.48 0.16 0.06 0.05 0.04 1.91 100.95
visible in least reddened material between veins and patches, this + Chl + Hem
alteration fades in and out with vein intensity along the core. For
comparison with moderately and least altered examples of the same
lithology only a few meters away represented by samples NP13AP310
and 311 respectively.
Basaltic trachyandesite with large sub-hedral plagioclase phenocrysts
showing weak propylitic alteration observed as irregular patches of
epidote with bleeding hematite reddened halos and minor
Pacey (2016) NP13AP310 None 54.30 19.90 6.44 6.15 1.71 4.16 4.17 <0.01 0.67 0.19 0.49 0.18 0.12 0.02 0.02 1.32 99.84
chloritisation of mafic sites. Dark groundmass is also just slightly
reddened. Moderately altered sample for comparison with
333
NP13AP309 and 311.
Remarkably fresh basaltic trachyandesite with white sub-hedral
plagioclase phenocrysts. Alteration restricted to only minor
Pacey (2016) NP13AP311 chloritisation of mafic sites and likely some earlier secondary None 52.90 19.65 6.96 5.56 1.91 4.49 3.77 <0.01 0.68 0.13 0.45 0.17 0.11 0.02 0.01 1.21 98.02
magnetite in the groundmass. Least altered sample for comparison
with NP13AP309 and 310.
Least altered basaltic trachyandesite, with unusual dark grey
colouration of sub-hedral plagioclase phenocrysts. Initial magnetite
+/- biotite alteration overprinted by weak propylitic alteration
Pacey (2016) NP13AP315 restricted to minor chloritisation of some mafic sites and some specks None 52.70 20.20 5.98 4.97 2.88 4.29 4.46 <0.01 0.60 0.19 0.52 0.20 0.18 0.06 0.02 2.38 99.63
of epidote surrounded by a very thin halo of hematite reddening.
From the same unit, and for comparison with, the much more
intensely altered sample NP13AP316.
Strong propylitic alteration developed in an original dark basaltic
trachyandesite. Alteration consists 0.5 to 10 cm long patches of calcite
+ epidote + quartz +/- hematite surrounded by a weak halo of chlorite
Pacey (2016) NP13AP316 None 51.10 21.00 5.67 7.02 2.64 4.54 2.93 <0.01 0.61 0.27 0.51 0.13 0.16 0.39 0.06 3.45 100.48
and with strong hematite reddening of the groundmass. There are no
distinct veins and this alteration fades in and out along the core. For
comparison with least altered sample NP13AP315.
Rio Tinto Ltd GR32 Moderate epidote-chlorite alteration and reddening of feldspars - 60.80 18.00 5.58 2.57 1.22 5.55 4.78 <0.01 0.46 0.16 0.20 0.07 0.11 0.15 0.11 1.43 101.19
Rio Tinto Ltd GR33 Epi+chl+cp veined trachyte - some Kfs alteration and reddening - 60.30 18.00 4.78 3.11 1.28 5.25 5.01 <0.01 0.41 0.19 0.21 0.08 0.11 0.08 0.19 1.10 100.10
Rio Tinto Ltd GR34 Epi+chl+Kfs+mt(?) altered trachyte with traces cp+py - 58.70 17.90 5.30 2.84 1.24 4.79 5.98 <0.01 0.59 0.16 0.32 0.09 0.15 0.20 0.04 1.83 100.13
Rio Tinto Ltd GR35 Weak epi+chl+/-Kfs alt with traces py+cp - 53.00 19.60 6.91 5.77 1.74 4.28 4.11 <0.01 0.61 0.14 0.34 0.15 0.10 0.04 0.46 2.07 99.32
Rio Tinto Ltd GR36 Equigranular BQM cut by qtz+epi+chl+cp vein - 58.80 16.05 5.21 3.56 1.96 4.60 2.87 <0.01 0.37 0.12 0.22 0.08 0.06 0.24 0.26 2.79 97.19
Rio Tinto Ltd GR37 Equigranular BQM with chl alt of mafics cut by qtz+epi+chl vein - 57.60 16.85 5.46 4.00 1.58 4.85 3.53 <0.01 0.39 0.16 0.24 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 1.65 96.62
Rio Tinto Ltd GR38 Weak epi+chl altered BQM - 59.40 17.10 5.10 3.22 1.62 4.81 4.59 <0.01 0.40 0.11 0.23 0.08 0.12 0.22 0.32 2.21 99.53

Unique sample
Rio Tinto Ltd GR39 BQM with epi+chl+carb alt and traces cp - 55.80 17.25 6.15 4.24 2.10 5.50 2.09 <0.01 0.40 0.23 0.23 0.10 0.06 0.28 0.26 2.81 97.50
Rio Tinto Ltd GR40 Epi+chl altered BQM cut by qtz+Kfs+epi+cp and epi+carb+cp veinlet - 61.70 17.00 3.08 3.45 1.78 5.30 3.44 <0.01 0.44 0.10 0.25 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.35 1.93 99.08
Rio Tinto Ltd GR41 Epi+chl altered BQM with mafic xenoliths cut by qtz+cp veinelts - 61.30 14.65 3.70 2.85 1.62 4.12 3.91 <0.01 0.47 0.21 0.26 0.06 0.07 0.21 0.15 2.14 95.72
Rio Tinto Ltd GR42 Epi+chl altered BQM cut by qtz+carb veinlet - 59.00 17.60 5.40 3.64 1.82 3.77 4.89 <0.01 0.43 0.21 0.25 0.06 0.10 0.37 0.12 3.12 100.78
Spotted hem+chl+ser+epi+carb with traces py+cp; epi only found in
Rio Tinto Ltd GR43 - 48.70 16.70 9.08 3.99 5.51 3.75 3.31 <0.01 0.78 0.16 0.37 0.08 0.09 0.82 0.02 6.29 99.65
a couple of alteration clots
Rio Tinto Ltd GR44 Strong spotted epi-hem-carb alteration; no sulfide - 50.30 16.40 7.49 4.92 4.63 3.26 2.99 <0.01 0.63 0.25 0.34 0.06 0.06 0.69 0.02 5.85 97.89
Epi+chl altered trachyte cut by sedimentary dike; veins with
Rio Tinto Ltd GR45 - 51.80 18.15 8.19 3.10 3.32 4.29 3.25 <0.01 0.65 0.24 0.41 0.08 0.09 0.29 0.04 3.83 97.73
epi+carb+chl+hem+cp and minor Kfs(?)
Rio Tinto Ltd GR46 Strong epi+chl+carb+hem alt with traces py - 49.60 18.10 7.47 4.90 4.23 3.95 3.37 <0.01 0.68 0.25 0.46 0.10 0.11 0.90 0.02 6.02 100.16
Rio Tinto Ltd GR47 Epi+chl+carb+hem altered BQM - 52.10 19.80 5.12 4.57 2.77 4.13 4.30 <0.01 0.49 0.17 0.38 0.07 0.07 0.43 0.02 4.24 98.66
Strong veiny and spotted epi+chl+carb+hem+/-Kfs(?) alteration
Rio Tinto Ltd GR48 - 51.40 19.60 6.69 5.13 3.78 5.55 1.98 <0.01 0.70 0.24 0.48 0.10 0.07 0.26 0.02 3.39 99.39
within SSD xenolith in BQM
Rio Tinto Ltd GR49 Strong epi+chl+carb+hem alteration of BQM - 53.30 18.25 6.31 4.30 3.13 4.83 3.47 <0.01 0.58 0.25 0.40 0.08 0.11 0.30 0.03 3.31 98.65
Rio Tinto Ltd GR50 Strong epi+chl+hem alt of BQM - 52.50 18.40 5.93 5.03 2.37 4.77 3.24 <0.01 0.55 0.26 0.41 0.11 0.08 0.47 0.06 3.45 97.63
Rio Tinto Ltd GR51 Strong epi+chl alt of andesite/latite - 46.10 16.15 12.05 7.07 4.47 2.76 2.04 0.01 0.76 0.36 0.37 0.11 0.07 0.34 1.82 3.87 98.35
Rio Tinto Ltd GR52 Epi+chl+py veining and reddening in trachytic volcanic sandstone - 38.80 14.85 10.20 12.15 4.82 2.00 1.60 0.01 0.63 0.27 0.33 0.12 0.07 0.31 5.62 4.93 96.71
Rio Tinto Ltd GR53 Weak epi+chl+hem alt; one vein with Kfs and bt(?) alt - 55.80 17.45 6.03 2.96 2.18 4.79 4.11 0.01 0.46 0.10 0.32 0.06 0.10 0.33 1.01 2.69 98.40
Rio Tinto Ltd GR54 Weak epi+chl+hem alt with a sparse ser+chl+hem and carb stringers - 60.20 16.75 4.66 2.81 1.72 4.88 4.02 <0.01 0.36 0.15 0.20 0.06 0.06 0.24 0.03 2.11 98.25
Rio Tinto Ltd GR55 Weak epi+chl+hem+ser alt of AFG - 65.10 15.90 2.97 1.55 0.97 4.95 5.08 0.01 0.25 0.13 0.13 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.10 1.19 98.48
Rio Tinto Ltd GR56 Strong epi+chl+carb alt with minor py - 56.50 17.25 4.98 4.31 2.21 6.13 1.06 <0.01 0.41 0.45 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.38 0.69 3.10 97.80
Rio Tinto Ltd GR57 Weak epi+chl+hem+ser alt of AFG; traces py and cp - 64.50 15.80 2.73 1.78 0.82 4.78 4.87 0.01 0.22 0.12 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.23 0.06 1.72 97.82
Rio Tinto Ltd GR58 Strong epi+chl alt of BQM - 56.50 16.95 5.17 5.05 1.88 3.82 3.95 <0.01 0.43 0.49 0.26 0.10 0.10 0.34 0.13 2.91 98.08
334
Rio Tinto Ltd GR59 Epi+chl atleration and minor py, trace cp - 56.50 17.45 5.98 5.22 2.20 4.79 4.16 0.01 0.49 0.28 0.30 0.12 0.10 0.31 0.29 3.11 101.31
Johnson (2011) A3 Aplite dyke in coarse grained monzonite - 71.46 14.35 1.23 0.44 0.36 3.02 7.29 <0.002 0.19 0.00 0.03 - - 0.04 0.20 1.30 99.91
Johnson (2011) A15 Basaltic dyke, sharp contact with monzonite - 52.71 14.12 8.14 6.83 5.97 5.07 1.70 0.07 0.73 0.12 0.26 - - 0.33 0.45 4.00 100.50
Johnson (2011) CS1 Semi crystalline groundmass some sericite alteration, coarse grained - 60.50 17.61 4.92 1.44 1.73 4.89 3.62 <0.002 0.39 0.09 0.24 - - 0.73 0.10 4.20 100.46
Semi crystalline groundmass some sericite, hematite alteration, coarse
Johnson (2011) CS2 - 60.53 17.20 4.69 1.45 1.78 4.52 3.86 0.01 0.39 0.21 0.22 - - 0.81 0.24 4.80 100.71
grained
Semi crystalline groundmass, more hematite alteration, with less
Johnson (2011) CS3 - 60.23 16.93 5.39 1.40 1.55 5.06 3.28 <0.002 0.37 0.17 0.22 - - 0.99 0.06 5.10 100.75
sericite, coarse grained
Semi crystalline groundmass, more hematite alteration, with less
Johnson (2011) CS4 - 60.90 17.00 5.14 1.42 1.53 4.90 3.62 0.00 0.37 0.09 0.23 - - 0.89 0.02 4.50 100.61
sericite, coarse grained
Semi crystalline groundmass, hematite/sericite alteration, moderately
Johnson (2011) CS6 - 61.80 17.27 3.30 1.23 1.66 4.41 4.95 0.01 0.37 0.07 0.21 - - 0.97 0.16 4.30 100.71
grained
Semi crystalline groundmass, magnetite alteration, rounded plag
Johnson (2011) CS8 - 60.98 17.19 4.65 1.16 1.73 4.81 4.81 0.01 0.38 0.12 0.21 - - 0.65 0.19 3.60 100.49
crystals, moderatly grained?
Semi crystalline groundmass, feldspar laths, mag alteration
Johnson (2011) CS9 - 60.99 16.68 3.57 3.20 1.25 4.59 4.59 <0.002 0.35 0.04 0.21 - - 0.02 0.72 4.20 100.41
moderately grained, more mafics.
K feldspar magnetite altered, more mafics, moderately grained semi
Johnson (2011) CS10 - 60.49 17.28 5.04 2.20 1.66 5.47 3.75 0.01 0.38 0.06 0.22 - - 0.11 0.40 3.10 100.17
crystalline groundmass
K feldspar magnetite altered, more mafics, moderately grained semi
Johnson (2011) CS12 - 60.09 16.43 3.71 3.26 1.57 5.04 3.62 <0.002 0.36 0.05 0.21 - - 0.14 1.30 5.20 100.98
crystalline groundmass
Johnson (2011) CS13 Finer grained groundmass, smaller grain size, magnetite altered - 60.87 16.95 2.67 3.22 1.33 5.43 3.89 0.01 0.32 0.07 0.18 - - 0.20 1.18 4.60 100.92
Johnson (2011) CS15 Finer grained groundmass, smaller grain size, magnetite altered - 60.73 17.48 2.17 2.99 1.22 5.77 3.88 0.01 0.34 0.03 0.15 - - 0.26 0.97 4.50 100.50
Semi crystalline groundmass, magnetite alteration, moderately
Johnson (2011) CS17 - 62.43 17.11 3.53 2.04 0.92 5.82 4.20 0.01 0.28 0.04 0.10 - - 0.09 0.63 3.10 100.30
grained?
Johnson (2011) CS18 Sugary groundmass, mafics increasing, moderately grained - 65.67 16.15 2.11 1.90 0.68 5.08 4.77 <0.002 0.23 0.04 0.07 - - 0.13 0.63 3.00 100.46
Johnson (2011) CS20 Finer grained groundmass, moderate grainsize, magnetite altered - 60.93 17.29 2.95 2.73 1.08 5.61 4.21 <0.002 0.32 0.04 0.14 - - 0.06 0.97 4.00 100.33
Johnson (2011) CS22 Albite altered, semi crystalline groundmass, moderate grainsize - 63.01 17.18 1.61 2.50 0.76 5.30 5.00 <0.002 0.27 0.02 0.13 - - 0.04 0.86 3.50 100.18

Unique sample
Johnson (2011) CS23 Sugary groundmass, mafics present, moderately grained, pink colour - 61.00 17.85 2.80 3.12 0.90 5.68 4.39 0.01 0.31 0.03 0.11 - - 0.02 0.82 3.30 100.34
Johnson (2011) CS24 Sugary groundmass, mafics present, moderately grained - 61.27 17.94 3.66 2.37 0.91 5.74 4.35 <0.002 0.32 0.04 0.12 - - 0.07 0.39 2.90 100.08
Johnson (2011) CS25 More mafics, semi crystalline groundmass, lots of dark minerals - 61.33 17.81 3.01 2.90 1.04 5.65 4.20 0.01 0.31 0.03 0.13 - - 0.13 0.64 3.20 100.39
magnetite altered, semi crystalline groundmass, crystal rich, moderate
Johnson (2011) CS26 - 62.42 17.64 2.83 2.80 0.95 5.46 4.37 <0.002 0.30 0.03 0.12 - - 0.03 0.63 2.60 100.18
crystal size
Johnson (2011) CS27 Some magnetite alteration, crystal rich, fairly crystalline groundmass - 60.80 17.39 3.54 2.54 1.18 5.64 4.13 0.01 0.33 0.03 0.14 - - 0.48 0.56 4.00 100.77
Moderate grain size, semi crystalline groundmass, crystal rich almost
Johnson (2011) CS28 - 64.45 15.84 2.44 1.95 0.80 4.90 4.92 <0.002 0.25 0.04 0.09 - - 0.58 0.49 4.00 100.75
equigranular
Johnson (2011) CS29 Moderate grain size, semi crystalline groundmass, crystal rich - 59.92 16.89 2.66 3.06 1.08 5.39 4.79 0.01 0.31 0.03 0.13 - - 0.58 1.01 5.20 101.06
Closely packed crystals, moderate grain size, semi crystalline
Johnson (2011) CS30 - 60.08 17.05 3.91 2.68 1.12 4.67 4.24 <0.002 0.32 0.06 0.14 - - 0.67 0.45 5.40 100.79
groundmass
Johnson (2011) CS31 - 61.07 16.86 2.41 2.83 1.04 5.19 5.36 0.01 0.31 0.04 0.13 - - 0.10 0.98 4.20 100.53
groundmass
Johnson (2011) CS32 - 60.97 17.37 2.92 2.91 1.21 5.40 4.24 <0.002 0.33 0.08 0.14 - - 0.13 0.79 4.00 100.49
groundmass
Johnson (2011) CS33 - 60.07 17.28 3.01 2.66 1.19 5.49 4.62 0.01 0.35 0.04 0.16 - - 0.10 0.85 4.50 100.33
groundmass
Johnson (2011) CS34 - 62.92 16.24 1.60 2.97 0.90 3.76 5.92 <0.002 0.28 0.07 0.12 - - 0.25 1.03 4.60 100.66
groundmass
Johnson (2011) CS35 - 62.05 17.56 3.44 2.32 1.25 5.06 4.32 0.01 0.34 0.06 0.15 - - 0.12 0.52 3.00 100.20
groundmass
Johnson (2011) CS36 - 61.36 17.29 4.06 2.66 1.20 5.27 4.16 <0.002 0.34 0.03 0.15 - - 0.11 0.48 3.10 100.21
groundmass, pinkish
Johnson (2011) F21 Basaltic dyke - 45.12 13.46 8.36 7.90 10.25 2.28 1.42 0.10 0.72 0.17 0.28 - - 1.26 <0.02 9.60 100.92
Lickfold (2002) E22/2/271.1 - - 63.79 17.58 1.73 1.16 2.05 3.59 6.45 - 0.42 0.09 0.26 - - - - 2.30 99.42
335
Lickfold (2002) E22/228/636.4 - - 66.37 16.82 2.32 2.14 1.64 4.08 5.26 - 0.42 0.07 0.24 - - - - 3.02 102.38
Lickfold (2002) E26/284/340.8 - - 73.71 13.36 0.85 1.71 0.25 3.06 6.26 - 0.17 0.01 0.03 - - - - 3.10 102.51
Lickfold (2002) E26/295/385.3 - - 63.16 15.74 0.90 7.43 0.61 3.34 7.15 - 0.27 0.03 0.37 - - - - 8.99 107.99
Lickfold (2002) E27/248/382.7 - - 76.47 11.94 0.79 0.63 0.20 2.12 6.91 - 0.17 0.02 0.03 - - - - 1.12 100.40
Lickfold (2002) E27/E/14 - - 69.20 15.74 0.85 1.03 0.43 2.18 10.21 - 0.21 0.03 0.04 - - - - 1.39 101.31
Lickfold (2002) E48/15/449.0 - - 82.58 7.73 1.04 1.31 1.04 1.48 2.80 - 0.09 0.03 0.03 - - - - 2.78 100.91
Lickfold (2002) VL-1 - - 68.02 16.61 2.18 1.83 0.68 3.86 6.26 - 0.27 0.07 0.11 - - - - 2.57 102.46
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1759.6 - - 65.00 17.30 2.53 2.86 1.21 4.90 5.48 - 0.31 0.04 0.17 - - - - 3.89 103.69
Lickfold (2002) E26/189/390.8 - - 64.31 17.17 1.81 3.08 1.83 4.14 5.56 - 0.44 0.03 0.26 - - - - 4.54 103.17
Lickfold (2002) VL-14 - - 61.54 18.00 2.94 4.39 1.88 5.21 4.63 - 0.44 0.02 0.27 - - - - 4.90 104.22
Lickfold (2002) VL-5 - - 64.52 17.49 3.48 2.16 1.24 4.95 5.44 - 0.35 0.07 0.20 - - - - 2.59 102.49
Lickfold (2002) E48/15W1/890.3 - - 64.02 17.62 3.71 2.04 2.06 4.13 5.16 - 0.40 0.03 0.26 - - - - 5.28 104.71
Lickfold (2002) E48/7/76.1 - - 60.48 18.55 5.29 2.65 2.51 5.06 4.41 - 0.50 0.08 0.31 - - - - 3.27 103.11
Lickfold (2002) VL-9 - - 63.07 18.18 5.06 1.73 1.88 5.01 4.25 - 0.43 0.05 0.27 - - - - 5.59 105.52
Lickfold (2002) E22/39/581.0 - - 64.44 18.04 2.76 2.69 0.89 5.26 5.26 - 0.33 0.08 0.14 - - - - 3.23 103.12
Lickfold (2002) E22/229/685.2 - - 66.59 17.48 1.76 2.75 0.90 3.83 5.68 - 0.29 0.08 0.14 - - - - 4.34 103.84
Lickfold (2002) VL-2 - - 65.33 18.19 1.90 2.75 0.91 4.61 5.14 - 0.29 0.04 0.15 - - - - 4.22 103.53
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1638.6 - - 63.37 18.33 2.68 3.61 1.06 6.18 4.25 - 0.30 0.01 0.14 - - - - 3.74 103.67
Lickfold (2002) E26/284/249.0 - - 65.55 17.30 2.26 2.04 0.86 5.33 5.60 - 0.26 0.02 0.08 - - - - 3.18 102.48
Lickfold (2002) E26/132W2/765.6 - - 64.29 18.56 2.89 1.90 1.04 6.31 4.51 - 0.27 0.06 0.11 - - - - 2.03 101.97
Lickfold (2002) VL-15 - - 65.10 17.68 1.87 2.71 0.92 5.48 5.38 - 0.29 0.04 0.09 - - - - 3.61 103.17
Lickfold (2002) E27/S/1 - - 64.77 18.39 3.11 2.65 0.74 5.26 4.57 - 0.28 0.04 0.10 - - - - 3.69 103.60
Lickfold (2002) VL-6 - - 64.54 18.33 2.87 2.29 1.00 5.83 4.63 - 0.29 0.03 0.10 - - - - 2.89 102.80
Lickfold (2002) E48/13/69.5 - - 67.23 17.27 2.48 0.76 0.97 5.85 4.85 - 0.29 0.03 0.11 - - - - 1.30 101.14

Unique sample
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1284.8 - - 54.14 18.44 8.58 5.55 3.53 2.33 6.10 - 0.59 0.24 0.50 - - - - 6.66 106.66
Lickfold (2002) E22/6/153.8 - - 66.12 17.17 2.28 1.70 0.96 4.26 6.05 - 0.27 0.03 0.09 - - - - 3.58 102.51
Lickfold (2002) E22/205/325.8 - - 65.99 17.92 2.05 1.62 0.75 5.31 5.55 - 0.29 0.04 0.10 - - - - 2.98 102.60
Lickfold (2002) VL-3 - - 72.49 15.12 1.19 1.15 0.36 3.72 5.65 - 0.15 0.03 0.04 - - - - 2.00 101.90
Lickfold (2002) E26/286/173.2 - - 64.30 17.51 3.07 2.94 0.96 5.26 5.12 - 0.28 0.02 0.12 - - - - 4.29 103.87
Lickfold (2002) VL-16 - - 65.13 17.73 1.50 3.34 0.94 5.10 5.41 - 0.28 0.03 0.11 - - - - 5.27 104.84
Lickfold (2002) E27/4/329.3 - - 65.30 18.68 2.11 1.69 0.84 5.91 4.76 - 0.27 0.04 0.09 - - - - 3.34 103.03
Lickfold (2002) VL-7 - - 68.02 16.98 2.56 1.66 0.77 4.53 5.10 - 0.23 0.04 0.08 - - - - 3.65 103.62
Lickfold (2002) E48/11/495.4 - - 68.82 17.76 0.77 0.52 0.62 4.16 6.24 - 0.23 0.01 0.08 - - - - 1.95 101.16
Lickfold (2002) E48/13W2/816.7 - - 68.69 16.96 1.13 1.55 0.84 4.68 5.49 - 0.23 0.02 0.08 - - - - 3.08 102.75
Lickfold (2002) VL-11 - - 69.38 16.72 0.54 0.55 0.52 2.38 8.89 - 0.22 0.01 0.07 - - - - 1.88 101.16
Lickfold (2002) E22/205/353.3 - - 72.98 14.67 0.60 1.00 0.59 3.56 6.10 - 0.14 0.03 0.03 - - - - 2.06 101.76
Lickfold (2002) E22/228/613.1 - - 70.91 15.37 1.64 1.48 0.61 3.83 5.64 - 0.18 0.04 0.06 - - - - 2.94 102.70
Lickfold (2002) E22/8/237.7 - - 70.86 15.83 0.81 1.04 0.47 3.90 6.24 - 0.19 0.02 0.05 - - - - 2.19 101.60
Lickfold (2002) VL-4 - - 69.73 16.09 0.85 1.80 0.63 2.97 6.72 - 0.20 0.04 0.06 - - - - 3.19 102.28
Lickfold (2002) E26/287/132.6 - - 67.50 17.39 0.66 2.61 0.99 6.69 3.27 - 0.25 0.02 0.05 - - - - 3.97 103.40
Lickfold (2002) E26/184/134.5 - - 70.28 15.39 0.63 0.67 0.85 3.69 7.10 - 0.22 0.02 0.02 - - - - 1.93 100.80
Lickfold (2002) E26/287/139.4 - - 67.95 16.41 0.84 1.74 0.80 4.77 5.69 - 0.24 0.02 0.08 - - - - 3.24 101.78
Lickfold (2002) E26/284/212.7 - - 72.34 13.37 0.69 1.57 0.67 2.29 7.06 - 0.26 0.02 0.11 - - - - 2.92 101.30
Lickfold (2002) VL-17 - - 66.02 17.01 0.79 1.34 0.64 2.86 8.23 - 0.32 0.01 0.09 - - - - 3.11 100.42
Lickfold (2002) VL-19 - - 65.80 17.98 1.72 1.69 0.90 4.88 5.80 - 0.27 0.03 0.10 - - - - 3.21 102.38
Lickfold (2002) VL-8 - - 65.49 17.63 2.50 1.21 0.87 5.21 6.38 - 0.26 0.04 0.10 - - - - 3.10 102.79
336
Lickfold (2002) E48/2/236.4 - - 68.68 17.95 0.86 3.03 1.11 3.04 3.22 - 0.26 0.02 0.07 - - - - 5.57 103.81
Lickfold (2002) E48/13W2/703.8 - - 70.64 16.51 0.64 0.80 0.59 4.77 4.94 - 0.20 0.01 0.06 - - - - 2.19 101.35
Lickfold (2002) VL-12 - - 72.78 16.06 0.91 1.23 0.93 1.90 4.31 - 0.22 0.01 0.04 - - - - 3.82 102.21
Lickfold (2002) E27/386/185.8 - - 45.42 12.93 7.93 8.93 9.76 2.00 1.04 - 0.52 0.13 0.19 - - - - 11.17 100.02
Lickfold (2002) VL-13 - - 56.28 18.90 6.47 6.40 2.69 4.76 3.31 - 0.59 0.11 0.44 - - - - 2.47 102.42
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1777.5 - - 64.95 16.68 3.02 4.81 1.28 4.33 4.42 - 0.29 0.10 0.10 - - - - 4.78 104.76
Lickfold (2002) VL-18 - - 65.41 18.22 2.77 2.03 1.26 4.49 5.39 - 0.27 0.08 0.08 - - - - 3.02 103.02
Lickfold (2002) VL8-1 - - 51.63 16.91 11.31 7.85 5.76 3.89 1.27 - 0.83 0.20 0.34 - - - - 3.22 103.21
Lickfold (2002) VL7-2 - - 55.40 20.55 6.86 7.22 2.43 4.18 2.37 - 0.52 0.12 0.34 - - - - 2.06 102.05
Lickfold (2002) VL5-1 - - 52.73 19.45 7.84 8.54 2.96 4.67 2.40 - 0.68 0.22 0.50 - - - - 2.78 102.77
Lickfold (2002) VLM-1 - - 58.21 18.44 5.96 3.88 2.44 5.08 4.84 - 0.60 0.18 0.37 - - - - 1.35 101.35
Lickfold (2002) VL11-1 - - 60.57 18.78 4.59 3.33 1.69 5.11 4.99 - 0.49 0.16 0.30 - - - - 1.56 101.57
Lickfold (2002) VL10-1 - - 65.95 19.25 2.86 0.34 0.23 6.28 4.54 - 0.38 0.02 0.14 - - - - 2.27 102.26
Lickfold (2002) VL10-3 - - 63.75 17.98 4.03 2.88 1.18 5.31 4.11 - 0.38 0.23 0.15 - - - - 1.87 101.87
Lickfold (2002) VL9-1 - - 61.90 18.27 4.41 3.60 1.43 5.78 3.84 - 0.42 0.17 0.18 - - - - 1.58 101.58
Radclyffe (1995) RA100 - - 60.83 18.32 4.35 4.51 2.25 4.48 4.38 - 0.48 0.05 0.32 - - - - 5.99 105.96
Radclyffe (1995) RA0 - - 61.33 18.23 5.52 3.33 2.08 4.60 4.04 - 0.46 0.08 0.29 - - - - 4.54 104.50
Radclyffe (1995) EX425 - - 67.05 17.58 2.09 0.82 0.87 4.43 5.53 - 0.27 0.07 0.07 - - - - 1.87 100.65
Radclyffe (1995) EX525 - - 54.25 18.93 8.75 4.60 3.62 4.64 3.69 - 0.73 0.22 0.45 - - - - 4.27 104.15
Radclyffe (1995) EX550 - - 65.73 18.17 2.42 0.91 0.65 4.88 5.76 - 0.27 0.05 0.07 - - - - 1.69 100.60
Radclyffe (1995) Monz3 - - 54.89 18.04 8.73 7.11 2.88 3.67 2.51 - 0.61 0.14 0.38 - - - - 1.89 100.85
Radclyffe (1995) Monz21 - - 52.68 16.68 7.92 8.67 2.77 5.21 1.68 - 0.72 0.19 0.47 - - - - 2.47 99.46
Müller (1994) E26/38/149.3 - - 65.84 20.08 1.93 0.89 1.41 5.87 4.77 - 0.37 0.03 0.18 - - - - 2.01 103.38
Müller (1994) E26/38/149.3 - - 65.87 19.89 2.16 1.17 1.06 6.49 4.05 - 0.37 0.03 0.15 - - - - 1.83 103.07

Unique sample
Wolfe (1994) E48/13W2/980.0 - - 61.95 18.38 3.80 1.76 1.29 5.95 5.57 - 0.60 0.04 0.35 - - - - 4.35 104.04
Wolfe (1994) E48/15W1/1015.0 - - 60.33 17.47 3.31 1.12 1.57 4.38 5.04 - 0.38 0.03 0.21 - - - - - 93.84
Wolfe (1994) E26/31/150.0 - - 64.83 18.25 3.06 1.27 0.84 6.14 4.96 - 0.29 0.02 0.12 - - - - 2.91 102.69
Wolfe (1994) E48/2/290.0 - - 66.01 18.15 1.89 2.53 1.14 4.94 4.63 - 0.26 0.03 0.09 - - - - 4.58 104.25
Wolfe (1994) E48/7/300.0 - - 66.69 17.50 1.30 1.71 1.10 5.11 5.18 - 0.25 0.02 0.08 - - - - 3.42 102.36
Hall (1993) 15941 - - 54.79 18.74 7.26 6.89 2.89 4.09 3.94 - 0.79 0.18 0.43 - - - - 1.76 101.76
Hall (1993) 15939 - - 54.80 17.09 8.45 7.17 4.20 5.63 1.46 - 0.73 0.15 0.34 - - - - 2.01 102.03
Squires (1992) E27/4/223.0 - - 65.24 18.44 1.61 3.99 0.64 4.43 3.84 - 0.45 0.04 0.11 - - - - 4.69 103.48
Squires (1992) E27/4/366.1 - - 69.55 17.10 0.20 1.84 0.37 4.04 6.10 - 0.27 0.03 0.07 - - - - 2.55 102.12
Squires (1992) E27/4/557.0 - - 66.35 18.25 1.02 1.16 0.78 6.00 4.86 - 0.33 0.03 0.09 - - - - 1.89 100.76
Squires (1992) E27/4/323.2 - - 64.64 18.58 1.58 1.90 0.81 5.82 4.43 - 0.32 0.04 0.11 - - - - 3.23 101.46
Squires (1992) E27/4/444.3 - - 67.91 17.13 0.49 1.52 0.63 5.40 4.63 - 0.26 0.04 0.08 - - - - 2.96 101.05
Squires (1992) E27/4/492.0 - - 66.23 17.87 0.75 1.96 0.63 5.48 5.08 - 0.31 0.04 0.09 - - - - 3.30 101.74
Heithersay (1991) ACH119-3 - - 57.57 17.35 5.04 4.59 0.93 4.68 3.86 - 0.44 0.11 0.30 - - - - - 94.87
Heithersay (1991) E26/46/669.0-671.0 - - 59.32 16.83 4.46 3.34 1.64 5.05 4.12 - 0.37 0.11 0.20 - - - - 72.00 167.44
Heithersay (1991) E26/48/389.0 - - 60.40 17.22 4.04 2.40 1.41 6.63 4.39 - 0.37 0.11 0.20 - - - - - 97.17
Heithersay (1991) E26/40/565.0 - - 51.99 18.85 6.93 1.90 6.30 3.25 4.47 - 0.58 0.50 0.50 - - - - - 95.27
Heithersay (1991) E26 DDH26 - - 62.56 16.87 2.91 1.96 0.64 6.33 4.67 - 0.28 0.09 0.11 - - - - - 96.42
Heithersay (1991) E26/64/809.0 - - 63.77 16.41 0.89 2.53 0.90 6.09 3.46 - 0.24 0.02 0.06 - - - - - 94.37
Heithersay (1991) E26/39/576.0 - - 62.75 17.43 2.47 2.57 1.00 5.80 4.16 - 0.27 0.07 0.10 - - - - - 96.62
Heithersay (1991) E26/42/1112.0 - - 61.79 17.40 3.57 2.61 1.24 5.56 3.90 - 0.28 0.07 0.13 - - - - - 96.55
Heithersay (1991) E22 DDH6 - - 67.80 15.59 1.13 1.44 1.44 5.23 5.41 - 0.19 0.04 0.06 - - - - - 98.33
337
Heithersay (1991) E26 DDH46 - - 55.21 17.65 6.00 5.58 2.29 4.18 3.27 - 0.52 0.04 0.37 - - - - - 95.11
Heithersay (1991) E26/40/569.0 - - 59.79 17.21 4.13 3.67 1.50 5.04 3.67 - 0.36 0.17 0.22 - - - - - 95.76
Heithersay (1991) Goonum. Hill - Dyke - - 54.38 18.18 5.75 6.04 1.83 8.74 3.43 - 0.60 0.17 0.37 - - - - - 99.49
Heithersay (1991) Goonumbla Siding - - 51.48 17.96 8.33 7.34 3.18 5.45 2.10 - 0.69 0.21 0.51 - - - - - 97.25
Heithersay (1991) E26/26/227.6 - - 62.86 16.68 1.36 0.88 0.52 4.48 6.34 - 0.26 0.03 0.11 - - - - - 93.52
Heithersay (1991) E26/29/321.8 - - 52.28 17.57 8.17 2.64 2.71 5.94 4.20 - 0.53 0.05 0.37 - - - - - 94.46
Heithersay (1991) E26/29/325.7 - - 59.28 17.70 5.49 1.86 1.30 5.28 5.69 - 0.55 0.05 0.29 - - - - - 97.49
Heithersay (1991) E26/44/329.5 - - 59.87 17.94 2.46 1.98 2.13 4.51 6.86 - 0.50 0.03 0.19 - - - - - 96.47
Heithersay (1991) E26/44/393.0 - - 61.95 17.01 3.08 0.75 0.57 5.07 7.47 - 0.36 0.02 0.17 - - - - - 96.45
Heithersay (1991) E26/44/548.0 - - 61.40 17.25 4.31 1.63 1.08 5.36 5.87 - 0.42 0.04 0.19 - - - - - 97.55
Heithersay (1991) E26/48/392.0 - - 61.88 17.86 2.42 2.04 1.00 5.41 6.22 - 0.47 0.04 0.22 - - - - - 97.56
Heithersay (1991) E26/68/416.3 - - 59.04 17.13 3.32 2.60 1.02 5.53 6.12 - 0.45 0.06 0.22 - - - - - 95.49
Heithersay (1991) Ring Dyke - - 58.31 18.25 4.88 3.33 1.80 4.81 4.96 - 0.53 0.10 0.35 - - - - - 97.32
Heithersay (1991) E31 Outcrop - - 61.74 17.73 3.75 1.81 1.44 5.83 4.01 - 0.38 0.07 0.20 - - - - - 96.96
Heithersay (1991) E26 South - - 62.75 17.31 3.89 1.62 1.25 5.70 4.82 - 0.35 0.16 0.18 - - - - - 98.03
Heithersay (1991) ACH 967-106 - - 58.49 17.87 4.77 2.55 1.61 5.39 5.24 - 0.49 0.08 0.32 - - - - - 96.81
Clarke (1990) M33/086 - - 56.05 16.85 7.85 6.44 3.25 4.37 2.51 - 0.67 0.15 0.38 - - - - 3.50 102.02
Clarke (1990) M33/142 - - 53.19 16.84 6.24 12.37 1.55 7.04 0.25 - 0.78 0.17 0.36 - - - - 7.30 106.09
Clarke (1990) M33/093 - - 60.10 15.75 7.65 4.05 2.31 3.91 3.52 - 0.80 0.15 0.56 - - - - 2.20 101.00
Clarke (1990) M33/100-C162 - - 55.13 19.37 2.99 7.88 2.68 3.92 2.14 - 0.60 0.13 0.31 - - - - 2.06 97.21
Clarke (1990) M33/102 - - 55.76 19.43 6.76 7.42 2.52 4.33 2.51 - 0.61 0.15 0.33 - - - - 0.90 100.72
Clarke (1990) M33/185 - - 57.86 18.28 6.25 1.60 2.31 5.63 5.10 - 0.59 0.15 0.44 - - - - 2.80 101.01
Clarke (1990) M33/186 - - 55.74 18.41 6.02 5.88 2.41 5.43 3.58 - 0.60 0.18 0.41 - - - - 2.00 100.66
Clarke (1990) M33/228 - - 56.68 19.03 5.78 6.04 1.96 5.24 3.71 - 0.54 0.20 0.35 - - - - 0.90 100.43

Unique sample
Clarke (1990) M33/147 - - 60.16 18.97 6.15 1.76 1.38 9.08 0.57 - 0.65 0.14 0.25 - - - - 1.90 101.01
Clarke (1990) M33/148 - - 60.58 18.91 6.13 1.76 1.37 9.05 0.57 - 0.65 0.14 0.25 - - - - 1.90 101.31
Clarke (1990) M33/159 - - 56.20 14.92 6.74 9.89 3.37 5.82 0.13 - 0.59 0.10 0.39 - - - - 2.70 100.85
Clarke (1990) M33/150 - - 60.62 18.53 5.59 5.17 1.02 6.45 0.84 - 0.74 0.12 0.36 - - - - 2.20 101.64
Clarke (1990) M33/087-C11 - - 54.11 19.69 4.12 7.23 2.58 5.36 2.53 - 0.64 0.21 0.45 - - - - 2.68 99.60
Clarke (1990) M33/089 - - 56.40 19.38 3.51 5.90 2.06 5.46 3.57 - 0.65 0.21 0.39 - - - - 2.40 99.93
Clarke (1990) M33/097 - - 57.87 18.81 6.09 4.57 1.55 5.99 4.20 - 0.62 0.17 0.33 - - - - 2.10 102.30
Clarke (1990) M33/158 - - 65.53 17.45 1.57 2.85 1.25 4.81 4.69 - 0.23 0.13 0.13 - - - - 3.90 102.54
Clarke (1990) M33/161 - - 62.51 17.88 0.96 2.93 1.34 4.92 5.99 - 0.43 0.07 0.28 - - - - 4.70 102.01
Clarke (1990) M33/163 - - 56.43 19.36 3.54 5.14 2.55 5.31 3.60 - 0.69 0.23 0.44 - - - - 3.40 100.69
Clarke (1990) M33/172 - - 54.72 18.00 4.83 4.91 4.11 4.63 3.76 - 0.78 0.20 0.35 - - - - 2.40 98.69
Clarke (1990) M33/173 - - 61.33 18.47 4.14 1.67 1.28 6.02 6.41 - 0.43 0.18 0.24 - - - - 1.60 101.77
Clarke (1990) M33/175 - - 59.63 18.75 5.27 4.84 1.90 4.61 4.32 - 0.49 0.15 0.30 - - - - 2.00 102.26
Clarke (1990) M33/190 - - 60.44 18.63 2.69 2.55 1.55 5.17 6.19 - 0.55 0.14 0.33 - - - - 3.10 101.34
Clarke (1990) M33/167C8 - - 62.65 17.79 1.92 3.39 1.65 4.79 4.51 - 0.39 0.11 0.25 - - - - 5.75 103.20
Clarke (1990) M33/169-C10 - - 59.43 18.55 3.14 4.93 2.15 4.61 3.19 - 0.51 0.07 0.38 - - - - 2.41 99.37
Clarke (1990) M33/020-C1 - - 55.80 20.01 0.31 6.19 2.25 4.44 4.42 - 0.62 0.15 0.44 - - - - 2.68 97.31
Clarke (1990) M33/088-C2 - - 61.08 18.76 2.14 3.14 1.22 5.91 5.29 - 0.42 0.14 0.25 - - - - 1.22 99.57
Clarke (1990) M33/090-C3 - - 50.41 20.29 4.81 8.99 3.76 3.97 2.57 - 0.79 0.16 0.58 - - - - 3.35 99.68
Clarke (1990) M33/157-C4 - - 61.27 18.76 2.65 3.96 1.33 5.51 4.18 - 0.39 0.11 0.22 - - - - 1.12 99.50
Clarke (1990) M33/159-C5 - - 65.13 18.31 1.56 1.23 0.83 5.83 5.18 - 0.27 0.06 0.14 - - - - 3.43 101.97
Clarke (1990) M33/160-C6 - - 68.80 16.41 0.21 2.06 0.68 4.94 5.67 - 0.23 0.04 0.11 - - - - 3.89 103.04
338
Clarke (1990) M33/166-C7 - - 63.94 18.08 1.84 2.78 1.07 5.72 4.51 - 0.33 0.13 0.16 - - - - 1.74 100.30
Clarke (1990) M33/168-C9 - - 64.64 18.05 1.47 2.64 0.94 5.88 4.03 - 0.25 0.09 0.10 - - - - 4.20 102.29
AMIRA P425 GOO37 - - 68.04 15.62 1.35 0.99 0.45 4.55 6.27 - 0.23 0.03 0.07 - - - - - 97.60
AMIRA P425 GOO38 - - 67.90 15.57 2.16 0.79 0.85 4.86 5.61 - 0.26 0.03 0.09 - - - - - 98.12
AMIRA P425 GOO76 - - 63.51 16.39 3.11 1.10 1.18 4.87 5.14 - 0.34 0.03 0.18 - - - - - 95.85
AMIRA P425 E26/132/640.0 - - 61.65 17.58 3.09 2.52 0.82 6.17 4.19 - 0.29 0.07 0.10 - - - - - 96.48
AMIRA P425 GOO30 - - 64.06 17.54 2.26 1.72 0.75 6.27 4.58 - 0.27 0.05 0.08 - - - - - 97.58
AMIRA P425 GOO31 - - 68.73 17.79 2.75 1.64 1.01 6.36 4.50 - 0.28 0.05 0.09 - - - - - 103.20
AMIRA P425 GOO32 - - 64.01 17.92 2.67 1.75 0.89 6.41 4.45 - 0.27 0.06 0.09 - - - - - 98.52
AMIRA P425 GOO 48 - - 64.95 17.03 2.42 2.03 0.57 5.62 4.75 - 0.25 0.07 0.07 - - - - - 97.76
AMIRA P425 GOO 65 - - 50.80 17.45 7.33 4.96 3.60 1.90 6.02 - 0.57 0.24 0.46 - - - - - 93.33
AMIRA P425 GOO 70 - - 51.64 17.41 8.65 3.75 3.39 1.02 7.00 - 0.56 0.20 0.45 - - - - - 94.07
AMIRA P425 GOO43 - - 62.94 17.60 2.91 1.78 0.82 6.33 4.03 - 0.28 0.04 0.09 - - - - - 96.82
AMIRA P425 GOO52 - - 62.61 17.57 2.76 1.88 0.71 6.15 4.56 - 0.27 0.05 0.09 - - - - - 96.65
AMIRA P425 GOO49 - - 62.95 17.50 2.77 1.61 0.69 6.26 4.45 - 0.26 0.02 0.09 - - - - - 96.60
AMIRA P425 GOO33 - - 65.93 16.37 2.08 1.33 0.64 5.66 4.77 - 0.22 0.03 0.07 - - - - - 97.10
AMIRA P425 GOO66 - - 62.58 17.30 2.45 3.08 0.88 5.82 3.71 - 0.23 0.06 0.07 - - - - - 96.18
AMIRA P425 GOO102 - - 54.44 18.09 4.03 6.10 2.82 4.14 2.64 - 0.65 0.13 0.40 - - - - - 93.44
AMIRA P425 GOO103 - - 60.42 15.13 4.29 2.65 2.18 4.72 3.82 - 0.69 0.17 0.47 - - - - - 94.54
AMIRA P425 GOO98 - - 54.24 18.89 2.90 7.24 2.27 3.83 2.50 - 0.61 0.13 0.36 - - - - - 92.97
AMIRA P425 GOO99 - - 56.01 17.51 2.89 5.77 2.62 5.00 3.70 - 0.59 0.17 0.27 - - - - - 94.53
AMIRA P425 GOO58 - - 54.08 18.97 3.71 7.65 2.63 3.32 2.05 - 0.60 0.14 0.33 - - - - - 93.48
AMIRA P425 GOO90 - - 53.77 17.78 3.73 6.79 3.20 4.23 2.69 - 0.78 0.21 0.37 - - - - - 93.55
AMIRA P425 GOO87 - - 55.69 18.58 3.49 5.70 2.16 5.41 3.49 - 0.61 0.20 0.36 - - - - - 95.69

Unique sample
AMIRA P425 GOO93 - - 53.31 17.82 3.63 6.65 3.26 4.14 3.75 - 0.72 0.18 0.44 - - - - - 93.90
AMIRA P425 GOO88 - - 51.89 19.31 4.52 8.23 2.39 5.07 2.10 - 0.69 0.17 0.42 - - - - - 94.79
AMIRA P425 E26/66/124.1 - - 54.63 18.92 6.75 3.42 2.70 5.80 3.51 - 0.71 0.16 0.41 - - - - - 97.01
AMIRA P425 E26/66/168.5 - - 58.04 18.23 4.45 3.28 1.38 5.69 5.50 - 0.60 0.14 0.34 - - - - - 97.65
AMIRA P425 E27/4/127.5 - - 51.42 18.04 8.56 6.68 4.41 3.47 3.72 - 0.75 0.15 0.46 - - - - - 97.66
AMIRA P425 E27/4/154.6 - - 52.03 17.90 8.37 7.02 3.96 3.80 3.60 - 0.76 0.17 0.44 - - - - - 98.05
AMIRA P425 GOO95 - - 53.40 17.51 3.85 6.59 3.28 4.06 4.02 - 0.75 0.19 0.42 - - - - - 94.07
AMIRA P425 GOO104 - - 56.26 18.80 2.67 4.43 1.55 4.79 5.36 - 0.55 0.13 0.32 - - - - - 94.86
AMIRA P425 GOO96 - - 61.28 17.45 2.96 2.93 1.57 5.77 4.65 - 0.40 0.14 0.24 - - - - - 97.39
AMIRA P425 GOO97 - - 60.03 17.68 3.12 3.58 1.81 5.28 4.23 - 0.44 0.11 0.28 - - - - - 96.56
AMIRA P425 GOO92 - - 59.36 18.19 2.43 2.77 1.64 7.29 3.70 - 0.49 0.13 0.23 - - - - - 96.23
North Ltd 1503-42/61.0 - - 51.27 20.46 10.97 5.67 4.29 3.78 2.29 - 0.79 0.16 0.29 - - - - 3.91 103.88
North Ltd 1503-42/63 - - 53.05 19.27 10.24 5.21 4.47 6.14 0.40 - 0.69 0.23 0.30 - - - - 3.64 103.64
North Ltd 1503-49/91.5 - - 55.85 15.81 8.93 8.25 6.22 3.02 0.93 - 0.61 0.13 0.23 - - - - 4.10 104.08
North Ltd GPR9724 - - 58.88 17.34 6.11 4.93 0.98 6.44 2.26 - 0.68 0.08 0.42 - - - - 2.05 100.17
North Ltd 1503-25/39.6 - - 60.37 16.12 7.85 5.07 1.99 3.47 3.52 - 0.84 0.09 0.60 - - - - 3.43 103.35
North Ltd 1503-16/68.2 - - 54.07 17.08 9.48 8.06 4.69 3.08 2.15 - 0.74 0.11 0.46 - - - - 3.42 103.34
North Ltd E33H1-83.8 - - 53.35 15.69 10.38 7.12 5.38 4.95 1.84 - 0.65 0.17 0.38 - - - - 1.85 101.76
North Ltd 10-22-1 - - 55.33 18.96 6.34 5.98 2.67 5.27 3.24 - 0.68 0.16 0.42 - - - - 1.68 100.73
North Ltd 10-22-13 - - 55.41 19.02 6.58 4.79 3.15 3.62 5.98 - 0.67 0.16 0.41 - - - - 2.08 101.87
North Ltd 10-22-2 - - 54.39 18.97 6.70 5.23 2.97 5.33 3.62 - 0.68 0.14 0.45 - - - - 3.05 101.53
North Ltd 10-22-5 - - 55.06 19.52 6.62 5.36 3.00 4.28 4.82 - 0.67 0.15 0.41 - - - - 2.02 101.91
339
North Ltd GPR9530 - - 61.41 18.48 3.99 1.64 1.14 5.95 5.77 - 0.47 0.16 0.22 - - - - 1.43 100.66
North Ltd GPR9547 - - 56.06 18.62 6.31 5.33 2.19 5.18 3.91 - 0.71 0.21 0.34 - - - - 1.78 100.64
North Ltd 10-22-12 - - 61.76 18.64 3.89 2.30 0.82 6.50 5.28 - 0.41 0.09 0.22 - - - - 3.17 103.08
North Ltd 10-22-6 - - 62.02 18.67 3.62 1.72 0.51 5.40 7.21 - 0.44 0.06 0.23 - - - - 1.57 101.45
North Ltd E26/153/120.5 - - 63.86 18.49 2.67 1.53 0.97 5.38 6.28 - 0.42 0.22 0.17 - - - - - 99.99
NSW SPIRT Project E48/2/295.1 - - 65.99 16.39 1.78 1.67 0.89 4.06 4.32 - 0.23 0.03 0.07 - - - - 3.78 99.21
NSW SPIRT Project E37H3-245.2 - - 66.68 16.66 2.92 1.96 1.60 4.15 5.51 - 0.29 0.05 0.10 - - - - 3.18 103.10
NSW SPIRT Project N40 - - 52.59 16.83 8.94 12.00 2.96 4.39 0.62 - 1.04 0.28 0.35 - - - - 8.69 108.69

Unique sample
NSW SPIRT Project M33/098 - - 57.57 18.16 6.41 6.07 2.42 4.85 3.85 - 0.58 0.15 0.26 - - - - 2.00 102.32
NSW SPIRT Project M33/217-C134 - - 55.89 19.38 7.85 7.57 2.36 3.79 2.52 - 0.57 0.14 0.39 - - - - 2.80 103.26
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-22/43.3.121i - - 55.07 18.73 8.93 3.52 3.55 4.23 2.65 - 0.68 0.16 0.39 - - - - 2.23 100.14
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-23/39.4, i22 - - 54.76 20.02 7.85 5.11 3.39 6.81 0.88 - 0.63 0.12 0.38 - - - - 4.81 104.76
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-54/40.6, i23 - - 54.03 19.59 8.86 7.99 3.19 4.25 0.93 - 0.62 0.13 0.35 - - - - 4.71 104.65
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-22/43.1,121ii - - 59.07 14.85 9.41 5.41 2.26 3.89 3.16 - 0.96 0.19 0.71 - - - - 2.26 102.17
NSW SPIRT Project CSG162 - - 54.74 18.46 9.07 8.03 3.11 3.31 2.05 - 0.66 0.18 0.37 - - - - 1.52 101.50
NSW SPIRT Project CGS11.11 - - 52.40 19.66 8.13 7.27 3.36 4.26 3.19 - 0.82 0.21 0.57 - - - - 2.64 102.51
NSW SPIRT Project CSG15.12 - - 53.42 16.77 9.40 6.83 4.55 3.89 3.57 - 0.86 0.20 0.47 - - - - 1.64 101.60
340
NSW SPIRT Project CSG59B.13 - - 52.34 17.57 9.29 7.60 4.32 3.33 4.04 - 0.80 0.19 0.42 - - - - 1.88 101.78
NSW SPIRT Project CSG141B - - 56.02 18.00 8.28 2.91 3.71 6.28 0.74 - 0.81 0.22 0.22 - - - - 3.92 101.11

Unique sample
NSW SPIRT Project CSHG53 - - 58.25 18.55 8.55 5.50 3.45 3.93 3.76 - 0.76 0.16 0.38 - - - - 2.50 105.79
341
342
APPENDIX E: WHOLE ROCK TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY
DATASET
General information
This appendix tabulates the whole rock trace element geochemistry of those samples described in
Appendix D. All data is given in ppm; analytical procedures are outlined in section 2.5.
Data presentation
Elements are listed from left to right in alphabetical order of their chemical symbol. Owing to the large
number of elements analysed, for clarity each row is spread across two pages. Those elements with a
chemical symbol between A and N are given on the first page, those between N-Z on the second page.
Further details
343
Unique sample Whole rock geochemistry data, all values in ppm
Source
number Ag As Au Ba Bi Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Dy Er Eu Ga Gd Hf Hg Ho La Li Lu Mo Nb
Pacey (2016) NP12AP003 <0.5 1.3 0.008 1055 0.06 <0.5 38.3 13 <10 1.07 270 3.59 2.26 1.31 19.50 4.01 2.5 0.006 0.76 19.5 10 0.35 1 6.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP004 <0.5 3.1 0.002 695 0.04 <0.5 34.3 6 <10 2.54 11 2.82 1.82 1.03 19.90 3.03 2.4 <0.005 0.60 17.5 20 0.28 2 6.3
Pacey (2016) NP12AP006 <0.5 1.7 0.010 242 0.05 <0.5 39.8 3 <10 0.62 6 2.49 2.01 0.58 14.00 2.42 5.0 0.019 0.59 20.5 <10 0.46 3 9.2
Pacey (2016) NP12AP007 <0.5 15.3 0.024 152 0.07 <0.5 28.9 8 <10 1.52 6 2.21 1.53 0.78 18.50 2.69 2.5 0.020 0.49 14.4 20 0.25 6 6.5
Pacey (2016) NP12AP008 <0.5 3.3 0.002 771 0.14 <0.5 30.2 10 <10 2.51 525 2.72 1.70 1.07 17.20 2.93 2.3 0.010 0.56 15.6 <10 0.25 3 5.5
Pacey (2016) NP12AP009 <0.5 3.7 0.026 971 0.03 <0.5 32.9 17 <10 1.61 232 3.34 2.13 1.32 17.30 3.63 1.9 0.020 0.74 16.7 10 0.30 1 4.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP010 <0.5 3.5 0.002 978 0.04 <0.5 30.6 19 <10 1.52 140 3.21 2.02 1.13 16.60 3.53 2.0 0.015 0.70 14.8 10 0.30 1 4.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP012 0.6 5.8 0.002 1370 0.08 <0.5 34.9 13 <10 2.93 1460 4.20 2.40 1.43 17.90 4.49 2.1 0.017 0.88 18.4 20 0.34 1 4.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP015 <0.5 6.1 0.001 177.5 0.07 <0.5 25.9 14 <10 4.28 46 2.88 1.76 1.02 16.70 2.86 1.9 0.053 0.62 12.6 20 0.26 1 4.6
Pacey (2016) NP12AP016 <0.5 3.6 0.002 1170 0.09 <0.5 33.5 10 <10 1.41 295 3.33 1.91 1.14 17.80 3.32 2.2 <0.005 0.68 16.8 10 0.31 <1 5.2
Pacey (2016) NP12AP017 <0.5 3.5 0.004 954 0.06 <0.5 32.9 12 <10 1.30 83 3.08 1.92 1.10 17.60 3.29 2.3 0.005 0.65 17.9 10 0.30 <1 5.1
Pacey (2016) NP12AP018 <0.5 2.8 0.002 835 0.07 <0.5 34.9 12 <10 0.95 48 3.34 2.12 1.24 18.10 3.68 2.2 0.008 0.74 17.9 10 0.33 16 5.3
Pacey (2016) NP12AP019 <0.5 3.8 0.001 830 0.01 <0.5 35.6 21 <10 1.53 29 2.96 1.86 1.07 18.50 3.36 2.3 <0.005 0.63 17.8 10 0.29 <1 5.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP020 <0.5 4.1 0.002 1075 0.03 <0.5 64.0 15 10 0.78 140 3.14 1.95 1.46 15.90 3.90 2.4 <0.005 0.64 33.6 10 0.31 2 8.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP021 <0.5 4.3 0.001 513 0.05 <0.5 74.0 16 10 1.00 41 3.09 1.85 1.73 18.00 4.17 2.4 <0.005 0.64 39.9 20 0.28 <1 8.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP022 <0.5 4.7 <0.001 1185 0.05 <0.5 58.0 16 10 0.65 16 3.15 1.82 1.44 15.10 3.97 2.4 <0.005 0.65 30.1 20 0.28 1 8.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP023 <0.5 2.4 0.002 867 0.03 <0.5 28.0 23 10 1.00 123 3.02 1.85 1.08 16.70 3.41 1.9 0.007 0.59 13.6 10 0.27 2 4.0
344
Pacey (2016) NP12AP024 <0.5 3.1 0.001 691 0.02 <0.5 33.4 7 <10 1.18 6 2.02 1.30 0.83 16.80 2.11 2.2 <0.005 0.46 18.2 10 0.24 <1 4.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP025 <0.5 2.7 0.002 887 0.03 <0.5 40.0 9 <10 1.21 5 3.90 2.23 1.41 19.50 4.44 2.5 <0.005 0.80 19.9 20 0.35 2 5.9
Pacey (2016) NP12AP026 <0.5 1.7 0.001 1065 0.12 <0.5 23.9 9 <10 0.81 67 1.56 1.24 0.53 15.20 1.50 2.6 0.005 0.34 15.2 10 0.24 1 5.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP027 <0.5 2.0 0.007 830 0.09 <0.5 33.7 9 <10 1.63 230 3.27 2.08 1.28 16.90 3.53 2.2 <0.005 0.69 17.7 10 0.30 1 5.2
Pacey (2016) NP12AP030 <0.5 1.7 0.003 895 0.05 <0.5 37.2 12 <10 0.53 98 3.44 2.11 1.42 17.90 3.64 2.1 <0.005 0.65 18.9 10 0.30 1 5.1
Pacey (2016) NP12AP031 <0.5 22.5 0.005 1190 0.29 <0.5 36.2 8 <10 1.53 14 3.14 1.94 1.10 20.90 3.63 2.3 0.006 0.64 18.1 20 0.32 1 5.6
Pacey (2016) NP12AP032 <0.5 2.0 0.001 874 0.05 <0.5 40.9 10 <10 0.67 38 3.41 2.06 1.56 18.10 3.90 2.1 <0.005 0.73 21.6 10 0.31 1 4.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP033 <0.5 2.0 0.002 764 0.05 <0.5 35.1 19 10 0.59 119 3.86 2.22 1.38 18.50 4.21 1.9 <0.005 0.83 17.2 10 0.33 1 4.6
Pacey (2016) NP12AP034 0.5 2.3 0.004 240 0.87 <0.5 29.2 41 <10 1.10 1650 2.75 1.76 1.07 18.20 3.06 1.5 <0.005 0.61 15.4 30 0.27 1 3.1
Pacey (2016) NP12AP035 <0.5 0.7 0.001 1635 0.07 <0.5 25.5 5 10 0.34 8 1.49 1.16 0.48 15.50 1.44 2.6 <0.005 0.36 15.5 <10 0.26 1 5.9
Pacey (2016) NP12AP036 <0.5 8.7 0.008 1155 0.04 <0.5 40.1 14 <10 0.50 5 3.73 2.36 1.53 20.80 4.18 2.5 <0.005 0.79 20.4 10 0.34 3 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP037 <0.5 0.8 0.001 1330 0.03 <0.5 28.2 3 <10 0.28 11 1.78 1.36 0.56 14.80 1.73 2.6 <0.005 0.42 17.0 <10 0.26 1 5.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP039 <0.5 8.6 0.005 749 0.47 3.5 31.7 25 10 0.29 182 3.72 2.21 1.26 17.70 4.08 1.8 0.036 0.75 15.5 10 0.32 3 4.0
Pacey (2016) NP12AP040A <0.5 3.2 0.005 398 0.68 <0.5 27.9 32 <10 0.75 28 3.23 2.02 1.19 17.40 3.45 1.8 0.011 0.69 13.2 20 0.29 2 4.3
Pacey (2016) NP12AP041 <0.5 2.3 0.002 680 0.05 <0.5 29.3 15 <10 0.77 25 3.06 1.80 1.13 17.50 3.46 1.9 <0.005 0.67 13.8 10 0.28 2 4.0
Pacey (2016) NP12AP042 <0.5 0.9 0.002 974 0.04 <0.5 44.1 3 <10 0.28 9 3.64 2.47 1.08 17.70 3.68 3.9 <0.005 0.77 22.9 10 0.43 3 6.9
Pacey (2016) NP12AP044 <0.5 3.5 0.007 397 0.61 <0.5 27.9 16 <10 0.94 7 3.03 1.90 0.99 17.70 3.29 2.0 <0.005 0.64 13.9 10 0.29 4 4.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP045 <0.5 10.6 0.004 826 0.27 <0.5 42.5 10 <10 0.14 6 3.65 2.15 1.74 22.00 4.03 1.7 <0.005 0.76 21.7 10 0.30 2 4.5
Pacey (2016) NP12AP046 <0.5 3.6 0.011 1670 0.42 <0.5 27.1 19 10 0.50 10 3.31 1.97 1.14 17.80 3.55 1.8 <0.005 0.72 13.3 10 0.28 1 4.0
Appendix E: Whole rock trace element geochemistry

Source
number Nd Ni Pb Pd Pr Pt Rb Sb Se Sm Sn Sr Ta Tb Te Th Tl Tm U V W Y Yb Zn Zr
Pacey (2016) NP12AP003 18.0 3 21 0.005 4.48 0.0006 52.8 0.11 0.6 4.05 1 1285 0.4 0.62 0.02 2.78 <0.5 0.35 0.87 196 1 21.3 2.25 60 91
Pacey (2016) NP12AP004 14.7 3 11 0.001 3.72 <0.0005 77.0 0.21 0.5 3.17 1 674 0.5 0.48 0.01 3.09 <0.5 0.29 1.75 148 2 15.8 1.71 73 94
Pacey (2016) NP12AP006 14.7 1 5 <0.001 4.32 <0.0005 34.1 0.07 0.4 2.87 <1 296 0.6 0.39 0.05 5.46 <0.5 0.37 2.57 26 2 15.8 2.67 40 184
Pacey (2016) NP12AP007 12.3 51 10 <0.001 3.26 0.0041 85.0 0.09 0.5 2.70 1 384 0.5 0.39 0.14 3.19 <0.5 0.24 1.78 139 3 13.0 1.50 37 101
Pacey (2016) NP12AP008 13.5 1 15 0.001 3.49 <0.0005 71.5 0.19 1.3 3.09 1 661 0.3 0.47 0.05 2.53 <0.5 0.25 1.28 123 2 15.4 1.63 43 78
Pacey (2016) NP12AP009 15.8 10 14 <0.001 3.84 <0.0005 44.8 0.19 0.8 3.63 1 1015 0.3 0.60 0.02 2.00 <0.5 0.30 1.02 234 1 19.3 2.01 102 64
Pacey (2016) NP12AP010 14.6 8 14 0.009 3.63 0.0009 47.2 0.21 0.6 3.36 1 974 0.3 0.55 0.02 2.54 <0.5 0.30 0.79 219 1 18.8 1.79 119 70
Pacey (2016) NP12AP012 17.9 6 21 0.009 4.31 0.0008 53.1 0.30 1.3 4.39 1 1190 0.3 0.72 0.05 2.11 <0.5 0.35 0.73 236 1 23.0 2.28 108 69
Pacey (2016) NP12AP015 12.2 4 8 0.006 3.05 0.0008 50.4 0.19 0.5 2.98 1 348 0.3 0.49 0.02 2.05 <0.5 0.28 1.06 162 3 16.9 1.79 117 68
Pacey (2016) NP12AP016 15.5 5 11 0.005 3.92 0.0010 60.2 0.30 0.5 3.58 1 1185 0.3 0.56 0.04 2.36 <0.5 0.31 1.14 171 1 18.2 1.92 113 77
Pacey (2016) NP12AP017 15.3 4 10 0.001 3.93 0.0007 51.3 0.32 0.5 3.54 1 1070 0.3 0.52 0.10 2.33 <0.5 0.30 1.07 167 1 17.1 1.89 126 76
Pacey (2016) NP12AP018 16.1 3 11 0.010 4.05 0.0007 42.2 0.13 0.6 3.59 1 1000 0.4 0.59 0.03 2.53 <0.5 0.31 1.13 177 1 18.2 2.09 112 81
Pacey (2016) NP12AP019 16.7 5 9 0.004 4.18 0.0010 61.2 0.24 0.5 3.54 1 673 0.3 0.50 0.02 2.50 <0.5 0.30 0.75 164 1 16.1 1.83 125 81
Pacey (2016) NP12AP020 25.5 14 12 0.004 6.89 0.0008 74.4 0.53 0.6 4.98 1 770 0.6 0.57 0.02 6.02 <0.5 0.28 2.44 180 1 17.1 1.76 124 93
Pacey (2016) NP12AP021 28.4 6 18 0.004 7.70 0.0010 48.4 0.71 0.6 5.45 1 352 0.6 0.60 0.02 5.69 <0.5 0.27 2.97 184 2 16.9 1.74 181 89
Pacey (2016) NP12AP022 23.1 7 12 0.004 6.26 0.0007 70.0 0.69 0.6 4.61 1 484 0.6 0.58 0.02 5.93 <0.5 0.27 2.25 170 2 16.8 1.90 180 92
Pacey (2016) NP12AP023 13.6 8 17 0.010 3.33 0.0011 56.4 0.73 0.6 3.34 1 809 0.2 0.53 0.02 1.65 <0.5 0.29 0.88 244 2 17.4 1.65 128 64
345
Pacey (2016) NP12AP024 12.2 2 10 0.001 3.47 0.0008 72.9 0.72 0.3 2.55 1 524 0.3 0.35 <0.01 2.49 <0.5 0.22 1.26 88 2 12.5 1.47 75 79
Pacey (2016) NP12AP025 19.6 6 16 0.009 4.72 0.0010 70.8 0.23 0.7 4.41 1 659 0.3 0.67 0.03 2.57 <0.5 0.35 1.36 242 7 22.3 2.14 83 88
Pacey (2016) NP12AP026 8.6 1 8 <0.001 2.39 <0.0005 64.8 0.22 0.2 1.81 1 477 0.3 0.26 0.04 3.00 <0.5 0.20 1.35 59 1 10.0 1.48 29 99
Pacey (2016) NP12AP027 15.6 3 19 0.005 4.00 0.0009 56.1 0.27 0.7 3.67 1 739 0.3 0.58 0.03 2.38 <0.5 0.32 0.53 167 2 19.4 1.88 66 78
Pacey (2016) NP12AP030 17.7 3 11 0.002 4.43 0.0006 53.5 0.12 0.7 3.83 1 809 0.3 0.56 0.01 2.49 <0.5 0.30 1.21 160 2 19.3 1.94 64 76
Pacey (2016) NP12AP031 17.2 6 11 0.002 4.28 0.0005 136.5 0.37 0.6 3.76 1 276 0.3 0.56 0.08 2.56 <0.5 0.29 1.27 175 5 18.3 1.84 75 86
Pacey (2016) NP12AP032 19.1 1 12 0.002 4.77 0.0014 43.3 0.10 0.7 4.34 1 648 0.4 0.60 0.03 2.28 <0.5 1.31 1.23 156 2 18.7 1.99 57 74
Pacey (2016) NP12AP033 16.9 10 14 0.010 4.14 0.0012 42.2 0.17 0.6 4.18 1 1065 0.2 0.66 0.02 1.88 <0.5 0.33 0.80 269 2 22.0 2.14 99 65
Pacey (2016) NP12AP034 13.2 11 17 0.007 3.31 0.0014 17.4 0.13 1.6 3.05 1 578 0.2 0.49 0.39 1.44 <0.5 0.26 0.91 281 2 15.3 1.70 110 51
Pacey (2016) NP12AP035 8.3 2 13 <0.001 2.46 <0.0005 67.9 0.09 0.2 1.61 1 674 0.5 0.24 0.07 3.06 <0.5 0.20 1.48 55 1 9.9 1.49 32 99
Pacey (2016) NP12AP036 19.1 5 16 0.002 4.80 0.0006 60.0 0.16 0.4 4.46 1 1040 0.3 0.65 0.03 3.02 <0.5 0.37 1.62 182 2 21.7 2.20 50 92
Pacey (2016) NP12AP037 9.8 3 7 <0.001 2.82 <0.0005 52.6 0.10 0.3 1.98 1 770 0.5 0.30 0.01 3.10 <0.5 0.24 1.54 63 1 11.7 1.44 35 99
Pacey (2016) NP12AP039 15.9 15 17 0.012 3.80 0.0022 32.2 0.44 1.8 3.85 2 1340 0.3 0.65 1.06 1.82 <0.5 0.33 1.01 327 3 19.7 2.02 1270 63
Pacey (2016) NP12AP040A 14.3 9 7 0.014 3.42 0.0011 52.6 0.16 3.7 3.47 1 948 0.2 0.56 0.44 1.89 <0.5 0.31 1.10 232 3 18.3 1.98 49 60
Pacey (2016) NP12AP041 14.2 7 3 0.010 3.43 0.0012 43.4 0.11 0.6 3.29 1 1265 0.2 0.53 0.03 1.82 <0.5 0.27 0.99 273 1 17.7 1.78 79 62
Pacey (2016) NP12AP042 18.4 <1 9 0.010 5.02 0.0008 69.8 0.07 0.6 3.99 1 441 0.4 0.59 0.02 3.87 <0.5 0.38 2.16 57 2 22.3 2.57 37 132
Pacey (2016) NP12AP044 13.5 5 13 0.009 3.36 0.0007 67.8 0.10 1.8 3.27 1 688 0.3 0.54 0.47 2.04 <0.5 0.27 1.06 259 4 17.6 1.80 54 68
Pacey (2016) NP12AP045 20.1 2 16 0.002 4.96 <0.0005 35.2 0.55 0.9 4.44 1 1665 0.2 0.64 0.20 1.82 <0.5 0.33 0.94 182 4 20.4 2.00 49 59
Pacey (2016) NP12AP046 13.8 14 20 0.013 3.28 0.0019 51.2 0.36 0.7 3.23 2 763 0.2 0.58 0.33 1.78 <0.5 0.31 1.19 241 3 18.7 1.85 75 63

Source
Pacey (2016) NP12AP047 <0.5 3.0 0.013 826 0.04 <0.5 30.0 24 10 0.70 124 3.53 2.11 1.14 18.40 3.82 2.0 <0.005 0.71 14.2 10 0.31 2 4.3
Pacey (2016) NP12AP048 <0.5 1.5 0.017 890 0.04 <0.5 30.5 27 10 0.69 272 3.51 2.18 1.23 18.90 3.78 2.1 <0.005 0.76 14.8 10 0.33 1 4.6
Pacey (2016) NP12AP049 <0.5 2.5 0.002 920 0.07 <0.5 37.7 9 <10 0.20 11 2.97 1.76 1.35 17.80 3.56 1.7 <0.005 0.58 19.2 <10 0.26 1 4.0
Pacey (2016) NP12AP050 <0.5 5.0 0.001 1410 0.02 <0.5 37.5 9 <10 0.22 27 3.08 1.70 1.49 18.70 3.59 1.5 <0.005 0.59 19.0 <10 0.26 1 3.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP051 <0.5 3.9 0.002 1445 0.07 <0.5 40.3 10 <10 0.55 41 3.31 2.00 1.52 18.90 3.71 1.3 0.005 0.69 21.2 <10 0.28 1 4.0
Pacey (2016) NP12AP052 <0.5 2.1 0.001 1240 0.13 <0.5 31.9 4 <10 1.62 3 2.54 1.77 0.95 15.50 2.89 2.8 0.012 0.53 17.6 10 0.28 1 5.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP053 <0.5 2.5 0.001 1035 0.22 <0.5 38.5 4 <10 1.32 212 3.19 2.04 1.02 17.50 3.44 3.0 <0.005 0.70 20.0 10 0.36 2 6.0
Pacey (2016) NP12AP054 <0.5 2.3 0.004 1465 0.47 <0.5 38.1 12 <10 1.27 1310 3.04 2.02 1.01 17.30 3.41 2.8 0.006 0.68 20.6 10 0.32 2 5.3
Pacey (2016) NP12AP056 <0.5 1.9 0.001 1120 0.03 <0.5 38.3 9 <10 0.58 165 2.84 1.90 1.15 17.20 3.39 2.9 0.005 0.65 20.3 10 0.32 2 5.1
Pacey (2016) NP12AP057 <0.5 3.1 0.054 957 0.02 <0.5 33.4 15 <10 0.32 604 3.13 2.04 1.18 17.80 3.65 2.4 <0.005 0.69 16.5 10 0.30 5 5.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP058 <0.5 1.9 0.012 1045 0.02 <0.5 36.0 12 <10 0.66 177 3.50 2.27 1.27 18.40 3.79 2.3 <0.005 0.75 18.4 <10 0.34 2 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP060 1.9 4.2 0.017 305 1.65 90.7 23.7 14 <10 1.23 623 2.09 1.32 0.95 15.50 2.51 1.6 0.381 0.42 11.6 10 0.19 1 3.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP061 <0.5 2.0 0.018 1375 0.60 17.6 33.2 15 <10 0.74 519 3.09 2.01 1.08 18.20 3.61 2.4 0.125 0.67 16.3 10 0.32 1 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP063 2.2 11.9 0.083 391 3.29 114.5 19.7 7 <10 1.11 1340 2.09 1.37 0.69 8.80 2.09 0.9 0.335 0.45 11.4 <10 0.18 18 2.2
Pacey (2016) NP12AP064 <0.5 3.5 0.001 644 0.20 <0.5 34.0 10 <10 3.69 66 3.11 1.86 1.35 19.30 3.45 1.9 <0.005 0.67 17.6 10 0.27 4 4.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP065 <0.5 5.1 0.002 821 0.29 1.6 38.3 12 <10 1.42 279 2.88 1.94 0.96 18.00 3.28 3.5 0.007 0.61 20.4 10 0.32 2 6.5
Pacey (2016) NP12AP066 <0.5 2.9 0.002 1065 0.17 3 33.2 11 <10 1.39 289 2.56 1.73 0.87 16.40 2.92 3.4 0.005 0.54 17.1 10 0.30 1 6.1
346
Pacey (2016) NP12AP067 1.9 47.7 0.055 125.5 2.51 38.7 20.3 7 <10 0.67 435 2.21 1.55 0.47 13.90 2.05 2.2 1.115 0.48 11.0 10 0.24 15 3.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP068 <0.5 3.6 0.001 450 0.13 <0.5 38.3 4 <10 1.23 53 3.09 2.27 0.77 16.00 2.98 4.9 <0.005 0.71 19.9 10 0.43 5 9.2
Pacey (2016) NP12AP069 3.2 29.0 0.028 1620 5.51 27.5 52.3 6 <10 1.55 478 3.18 1.98 1.24 17.30 3.68 3.7 0.142 0.66 30.3 10 0.36 3 6.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP070 <0.5 12.9 0.002 1605 0.32 <0.5 36.5 11 <10 1.17 118 3.07 1.96 1.00 16.60 3.18 3.1 <0.005 0.65 18.9 10 0.35 3 6.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP071 <0.5 7.5 0.003 937 0.14 <0.5 34.1 10 <10 1.04 277 2.65 1.80 0.89 16.80 3.11 3.4 0.006 0.57 17.2 10 0.31 3 5.9
Pacey (2016) NP12AP073 <0.5 3.7 0.001 885 0.07 <0.5 37.6 8 <10 1.02 4 2.75 1.85 1.06 18.00 3.02 3.3 <0.005 0.62 19.8 10 0.32 1 6.2
Pacey (2016) NP12AP074 <0.5 3.6 0.003 714 0.37 <0.5 35.6 9 <10 1.90 79 2.96 1.91 1.05 17.30 3.15 2.7 <0.005 0.65 18.2 10 0.33 3 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP075 <0.5 1.8 0.001 745 0.04 <0.5 34.9 9 <10 0.76 87 3.01 1.99 0.95 17.60 3.08 4.4 <0.005 0.65 18.1 10 0.36 4 6.9
Pacey (2016) NP12AP076 <0.5 1.6 0.001 672 0.06 <0.5 38.6 7 <10 0.71 49 2.89 2.06 0.88 15.90 3.06 3.2 <0.005 0.66 20.7 10 0.37 9 6.9
Pacey (2016) NP12AP077 1.4 379.0 0.056 470 1.99 2.8 21.4 8 <10 1.18 1130 2.52 1.84 0.37 13.40 2.33 3.8 0.127 0.58 10.9 10 0.33 21 6.6
Pacey (2016) NP12AP078 2.3 14.9 0.185 149 1.06 27 10.5 4 <10 0.67 114 1.18 0.94 0.13 9.00 1.02 2.4 0.790 0.28 4.6 10 0.18 8 4.6
Pacey (2016) NP12AP079 <0.5 1.5 0.001 456 0.06 <0.5 39.5 5 <10 0.54 21 3.08 2.31 0.76 16.00 3.05 4.7 0.005 0.71 20.0 20 0.42 3 8.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP081 <0.5 7.9 0.003 857 0.27 1.4 35.3 7 <10 0.84 64 2.62 1.98 0.88 17.20 2.93 3.6 0.053 0.57 17.8 10 0.32 3 6.6
Pacey (2016) NP12AP082 <0.5 2.1 0.002 907 0.38 2.1 34.7 8 <10 0.81 211 2.88 1.95 0.95 16.30 2.98 3.7 0.032 0.64 17.6 10 0.34 1 6.8
Pacey (2016) NP12AP083 <0.5 2.6 0.001 680 0.12 <0.5 35.2 8 <10 0.44 115 2.87 1.98 0.98 16.10 2.99 3.5 <0.005 0.63 23.7 10 0.34 1 6.6
Pacey (2016) NP12AP086 0.9 120.5 0.127 470 0.17 <0.5 11.8 1 <10 0.32 2760 1.16 0.93 0.38 12.90 1.17 3.6 0.013 0.26 6.2 10 0.16 16 5.2
Pacey (2016) NP12AP089 0.7 1.8 0.142 939 0.11 <0.5 39.9 5 <10 0.47 2050 3.32 2.19 1.11 17.50 3.92 3.6 0.017 0.71 20.6 10 0.35 7 8.2
Pacey (2016) NP12AP092 <0.5 3.1 0.001 457 0.08 <0.5 23.1 20 10 0.23 75 3.19 1.92 1.14 17.90 3.40 1.5 <0.005 0.62 11.3 10 0.26 1 3.3
Pacey (2016) NP12AP093 <0.5 1.1 0.005 276 0.32 <0.5 28.1 9 <10 0.55 1480 3.23 2.11 1.28 21.40 3.79 1.9 <0.005 0.68 15.3 20 0.28 1 4.2

Source
Pacey (2016) NP12AP047 15.3 15 19 0.012 3.61 0.0017 54.7 0.15 0.5 3.61 1 1310 0.3 0.61 0.01 1.95 <0.5 0.33 1.13 306 1 19.6 2.03 94 68
Pacey (2016) NP12AP048 15.4 17 12 0.019 3.62 0.0017 49.3 0.15 0.5 3.91 1 1310 0.3 0.60 0.02 2.05 <0.5 0.32 1.02 317 1 20.3 2.05 126 71
Pacey (2016) NP12AP049 16.9 1 10 <0.001 4.34 <0.0005 37.8 0.11 0.4 3.72 1 1600 0.2 0.51 0.07 1.81 <0.5 0.26 1.12 136 1 16.6 1.58 46 61
Pacey (2016) NP12AP050 17.7 1 7 <0.001 4.45 <0.0005 50.8 0.08 0.4 3.81 1 2130 0.2 0.52 0.02 1.65 <0.5 0.24 1.03 132 1 16.4 1.58 53 52
Pacey (2016) NP12AP051 18.7 1 9 <0.001 4.69 <0.0005 48.6 0.10 1.0 4.10 1 2090 0.3 0.55 0.08 1.62 <0.5 0.29 0.91 152 1 18.0 1.73 82 52
Pacey (2016) NP12AP052 14.3 1 7 0.002 3.50 <0.0005 85.0 0.12 0.5 3.14 1 589 0.5 0.44 0.04 2.69 <0.5 0.27 1.47 92 2 14.6 1.75 32 105
Pacey (2016) NP12AP053 16.7 3 12 0.002 4.42 <0.0005 85.1 0.22 0.7 3.63 1 617 0.5 0.54 0.03 3.46 <0.5 0.30 2.06 114 3 18.3 2.00 52 113
Pacey (2016) NP12AP054 16.0 2 11 0.002 4.19 0.0010 94.9 0.08 1.4 3.49 1 688 0.4 0.50 0.16 3.12 <0.5 0.29 1.84 118 4 17.8 1.93 61 112
Pacey (2016) NP12AP056 15.7 2 9 0.002 4.20 <0.0005 73.5 0.12 0.5 3.35 1 902 0.4 0.54 0.01 2.97 <0.5 0.30 1.58 138 2 17.5 1.94 48 111
Pacey (2016) NP12AP057 16.0 5 10 0.015 3.89 0.0008 53.5 0.12 1.5 3.74 2 1175 0.3 0.54 0.04 2.44 <0.5 0.31 1.21 165 2 17.9 2.02 128 91
Pacey (2016) NP12AP058 16.7 4 12 0.007 4.26 0.0006 70.0 0.11 0.9 3.79 1 1220 0.4 0.59 0.01 2.52 <0.5 0.33 1.39 184 1 19.6 2.06 90 92
Pacey (2016) NP12AP060 11.5 3 158 0.004 2.81 0.0005 62.8 0.22 2.2 2.76 1 354 0.1 0.36 0.55 1.49 <0.5 0.18 0.83 139 2 11.8 1.23 25100 59
Pacey (2016) NP12AP061 16.0 5 15 0.007 3.88 0.0008 54.2 0.39 1.0 3.73 1 999 0.3 0.53 0.09 2.58 <0.5 0.30 1.34 168 3 18.0 1.93 5090 98
Pacey (2016) NP12AP063 9.0 2 516 0.002 2.28 <0.0005 58.1 1.27 2.5 1.97 1 79 0.2 0.34 1.13 1.06 <0.5 0.18 0.63 79 6 13.9 1.22 34700 36
Pacey (2016) NP12AP064 15.9 2 15 0.007 4.00 0.0007 91.8 1.06 0.7 3.87 1 628 0.3 0.53 0.13 2.08 <0.5 0.28 1.14 184 3 17.3 1.79 625 73
Pacey (2016) NP12AP065 16.7 3 26 0.003 4.31 <0.0005 69.7 3.45 0.4 3.55 1 500 0.3 0.50 0.09 3.85 <0.5 0.29 2.01 115 3 16.7 2.06 699 129
Pacey (2016) NP12AP066 14.4 2 17 0.003 3.58 <0.0005 62.3 0.66 0.4 3.10 2 563 0.3 0.44 0.06 3.32 <0.5 0.25 1.88 106 2 15.1 1.85 855 136
347
Pacey (2016) NP12AP067 8.2 2 407 <0.001 2.13 <0.0005 46.6 1.03 2.0 1.92 1 73 0.2 0.34 0.66 2.15 <0.5 0.26 1.60 47 3 15.2 1.54 12400 85
Pacey (2016) NP12AP068 15.3 1 18 0.001 4.26 <0.0005 94.9 0.18 0.4 3.36 2 285 0.7 0.50 0.01 6.22 <0.5 0.38 3.40 61 2 19.6 2.64 200 197
Pacey (2016) NP12AP069 22.1 1 2370 0.002 5.83 <0.0005 126.0 0.35 1.2 4.97 1 576 0.5 0.52 1.92 4.37 <0.5 0.33 2.39 106 19 18.5 2.29 8330 145
Pacey (2016) NP12AP070 15.9 3 17 0.001 4.24 0.0006 90.3 0.77 0.7 3.35 1 635 0.5 0.51 0.09 3.79 <0.5 0.31 1.99 103 3 17.7 2.12 305 121
Pacey (2016) NP12AP071 14.9 2 19 0.001 3.66 <0.0005 71.0 0.83 0.5 3.25 1 505 0.2 0.46 0.05 3.68 <0.5 0.28 2.11 100 2 16.0 1.86 486 129
Pacey (2016) NP12AP073 15.5 3 17 0.002 4.23 <0.0005 59.9 0.33 0.4 3.27 1 615 0.5 0.48 0.05 3.59 <0.5 0.30 1.96 137 3 17.0 2.01 220 129
Pacey (2016) NP12AP074 15.5 3 14 0.003 4.00 0.0006 72.0 0.43 0.5 3.71 1 435 0.5 0.50 0.19 3.15 <0.5 0.30 1.85 124 3 17.4 2.03 521 106
Pacey (2016) NP12AP075 14.6 3 13 0.002 3.94 <0.0005 72.9 0.19 0.4 3.20 1 678 0.6 0.48 0.01 4.78 <0.5 0.32 2.63 106 3 18.1 2.34 91 176
Pacey (2016) NP12AP076 15.8 2 9 0.002 4.27 0.0006 76.6 0.16 0.5 3.23 1 526 0.5 0.51 0.01 4.64 <0.5 0.32 3.00 101 2 18.6 2.13 126 122
Pacey (2016) NP12AP077 8.4 <1 82 0.001 2.29 <0.0005 94.2 3.03 1.1 1.90 1 77 0.5 0.43 1.30 4.52 <0.5 0.28 2.81 47 4 17.7 2.02 856 146
Pacey (2016) NP12AP078 4.1 1 1530 <0.001 1.14 <0.0005 55.6 0.24 0.6 0.87 2 29 0.4 0.21 1.73 3.07 <0.5 0.15 3.84 24 5 8.4 1.12 6990 96
Pacey (2016) NP12AP079 15.5 3 13 0.001 4.27 <0.0005 89.3 0.15 0.4 3.31 1 298 0.7 0.49 0.01 5.82 <0.5 0.38 3.16 56 2 19.9 2.68 79 185
Pacey (2016) NP12AP081 14.9 1 29 0.002 3.90 <0.0005 70.2 0.31 0.5 3.20 1 657 0.3 0.42 0.21 4.26 <0.5 0.27 2.32 90 2 16.4 2.04 536 141
Pacey (2016) NP12AP082 14.4 2 19 0.001 3.90 <0.0005 77.9 0.24 0.6 3.07 1 494 0.5 0.48 0.24 4.19 <0.5 0.31 2.19 99 2 17.2 2.15 585 147
Pacey (2016) NP12AP083 15.1 2 18 0.002 3.99 0.0005 64.3 0.39 0.6 3.27 1 496 0.5 0.48 0.02 4.02 <0.5 0.29 2.05 98 2 17.4 2.21 130 149
Pacey (2016) NP12AP086 5.1 1 9 0.054 1.27 0.0010 51.6 0.39 2.4 1.23 1 197 0.4 0.21 0.12 4.06 <0.5 0.14 0.71 49 4 7.5 0.99 53 127
Pacey (2016) NP12AP089 18.7 2 6 0.010 4.58 <0.0005 64.0 0.05 2.4 4.12 2 482 0.4 0.61 0.12 3.94 <0.5 0.34 1.73 96 2 19.5 2.19 83 133
Pacey (2016) NP12AP092 12.7 13 10 0.015 2.94 0.0015 18.6 0.44 0.3 3.18 1 1335 0.3 0.55 0.05 1.38 <0.5 0.26 0.74 350 1 16.9 1.62 191 52
Pacey (2016) NP12AP093 15.3 9 16 0.012 3.40 0.0012 20.8 0.13 0.9 3.72 2 1120 0.1 0.57 0.21 1.81 <0.5 0.29 0.82 292 4 18.5 1.80 132 69

Source
Pacey (2016) NP12AP094 <0.5 4.6 0.002 430 0.15 <0.5 33.3 25 <10 0.34 443 3.74 2.37 1.45 20.10 4.08 2.2 0.005 0.81 16.2 20 0.33 1 4.9
Pacey (2016) NP12AP095 <0.5 2.9 0.002 661 0.06 <0.5 29.6 4 <10 0.48 284 3.18 2.20 1.26 18.40 3.85 2.1 <0.005 0.72 15.7 10 0.30 <1 4.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP096 <0.5 7.0 0.004 282 0.18 <0.5 33.9 33 10 0.72 251 3.58 2.30 1.63 24.50 4.39 2.3 0.006 0.74 17.8 10 0.29 <1 4.9
Pacey (2016) NP12AP097 <0.5 3.2 0.002 525 0.07 <0.5 33.6 27 <10 0.50 323 3.51 2.20 1.33 20.20 4.01 2.4 <0.005 0.70 17.5 10 0.31 1 5.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP098 <0.5 2.6 0.002 572 0.04 <0.5 31.5 14 <10 0.51 317 3.25 2.11 1.33 20.40 3.70 2.2 <0.005 0.69 15.9 10 0.30 1 5.0
Pacey (2016) NP12AP099 <0.5 3.3 0.002 447 0.05 <0.5 36.0 31 <10 0.45 562 3.16 2.06 1.36 21.60 3.82 2.5 <0.005 0.68 19.0 10 0.29 9 5.6
Pacey (2016) NP12AP103 0.6 2.9 0.025 590 0.06 <0.5 36.8 19 10 0.84 1570 3.46 2.25 1.15 22.10 4.06 2.8 <0.005 0.74 19.2 10 0.33 13 6.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP104 <0.5 2.2 0.047 644 0.07 <0.5 26.5 34 20 0.79 1210 3.56 2.15 1.24 19.60 3.84 1.9 <0.005 0.76 13.5 20 0.32 3 3.5
Pacey (2016) NP12AP109 <0.5 2.7 0.009 1265 0.13 <0.5 40.1 20 <10 0.54 1220 3.17 2.08 1.36 21.10 4.02 2.3 <0.005 0.68 21.2 10 0.31 12 5.3
Pacey (2016) NP12AP110 <0.5 3.8 0.003 1915 0.33 <0.5 36.5 10 <10 0.80 35 2.84 1.86 1.37 19.20 3.56 1.9 <0.005 0.58 18.8 20 0.25 6 4.5
Pacey (2016) NP12AP111 <0.5 1.9 0.001 1200 0.14 <0.5 39.2 10 <10 0.47 158 3.27 1.97 1.36 18.30 3.73 2.1 <0.005 0.68 20.9 10 0.28 2 5.3
Pacey (2016) NP12AP112 <0.5 5.1 0.029 1035 0.05 <0.5 32.1 13 <10 0.41 326 2.90 1.95 1.18 18.00 3.64 2.2 <0.005 0.64 16.5 20 0.29 2 5.0
Pacey (2016) NP12AP113 <0.5 4.1 0.005 937 0.06 <0.5 36.0 15 <10 0.57 103 3.50 2.21 1.27 18.60 3.79 2.6 <0.005 0.75 18.2 10 0.34 1 5.7
Pacey (2016) NP12AP114 <0.5 4.9 0.002 811 0.05 <0.5 28.0 15 <10 0.35 105 2.96 1.86 1.19 18.00 3.33 1.9 <0.005 0.62 13.6 <10 0.26 <1 4.2
Pacey (2016) NP12AP115 <0.5 3.4 0.002 1295 0.05 <0.5 34.4 11 <10 0.93 147 3.34 2.20 1.12 18.00 3.72 2.6 <0.005 0.69 17.4 10 0.32 2 5.9
Pacey (2016) NP12AP117 <0.5 3.7 0.001 589 0.04 <0.5 27.9 10 <10 1.59 6 3.06 1.90 1.19 18.40 3.47 1.9 0.005 0.64 13.8 10 0.27 1 4.4
Pacey (2016) NP12AP118 <0.5 2.6 0.001 1065 0.05 <0.5 30.3 6 <10 0.35 187 3.07 1.85 1.17 17.40 3.38 2.0 <0.005 0.64 14.9 <10 0.28 1 4.6
348
Pacey (2016) NP12AP119 <0.5 4.3 0.002 988 0.05 <0.5 36.8 9 <10 0.19 405 3.60 2.35 1.34 19.40 4.10 2.5 <0.005 0.76 18.9 <10 0.33 2 5.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP010 <0.5 3.5 0.002 200 0.04 2.3 26.5 27 10 0.09 21 2.98 1.57 1.12 18.30 3.10 1.6 0.017 0.60 16.3 10 0.28 1 3.0
Pacey (2016) NP13AP011 <0.5 3.8 0.001 462 0.02 1 33.0 26 10 0.07 21 3.26 1.92 1.28 20.10 3.68 1.7 0.014 0.70 16.7 10 0.31 1 3.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP012 <0.5 8.3 0.002 587 0.04 <0.5 36.4 13 10 0.16 134 2.94 2.02 1.30 19.40 3.53 2.8 0.020 0.63 17.6 <10 0.35 1 6.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP013 0.7 7.0 0.002 951 0.01 <0.5 37.3 13 <10 0.59 130 3.62 2.26 1.28 21.30 3.95 2.7 0.011 0.78 18.6 10 0.37 1 6.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP014 <0.5 5.4 0.001 1455 0.01 <0.5 34.1 15 <10 1.10 9 3.17 2.09 1.21 20.50 3.38 2.8 0.018 0.66 16.5 10 0.34 <1 6.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP018 <0.5 1.6 0.001 561 0.02 <0.5 35.4 7 <10 0.82 111 2.82 2.06 0.74 18.10 2.57 4.5 0.017 0.66 19.3 <10 0.38 3 8.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP019 <0.5 7.9 0.005 796 0.03 <0.5 35.1 6 10 0.77 1115 2.61 1.76 0.75 17.90 2.61 4.3 0.065 0.53 18.4 <10 0.38 13 7.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP020 0.8 122.5 0.008 388 0.04 <0.5 33.4 7 <10 1.04 2340 2.52 1.79 0.60 15.40 2.47 4.1 0.131 0.58 18.9 40 0.38 12 7.0
Pacey (2016) NP13AP023 <0.5 1.5 0.001 791 0.01 <0.5 37.2 9 <10 0.39 142 2.84 1.84 0.91 18.30 3.03 3.9 0.008 0.65 18.8 10 0.39 2 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP024 <0.5 5.6 0.003 730 0.18 <0.5 35.3 12 <10 0.68 123 2.83 1.79 0.86 18.10 2.93 3.5 0.032 0.59 17.1 10 0.37 2 7.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP025 <0.5 1.5 0.004 658 0.12 1.1 35.3 10 <10 0.57 226 2.98 1.86 0.96 19.30 3.08 3.3 0.040 0.65 19.1 10 0.34 2 6.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP026 <0.5 4.5 0.002 421 0.23 <0.5 35.3 6 <10 0.44 66 2.70 1.90 0.57 17.60 2.62 5.2 0.010 0.62 18.7 <10 0.42 <1 10.3
Pacey (2016) NP13AP027 <0.5 7.5 <0.001 453 0.01 <0.5 39.0 5 10 0.51 9 3.11 2.22 0.60 18.50 3.01 5.9 0.006 0.67 19.9 <10 0.45 1 11.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP028 <0.5 1.7 0.001 536 0.02 <0.5 39.1 6 <10 0.31 22 3.19 2.33 0.66 18.30 2.93 5.9 0.008 0.71 21.6 <10 0.49 3 9.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP029 <0.5 5.0 <0.001 797 0.18 <0.5 17.2 2 <10 0.59 16 0.64 0.54 0.27 18.90 0.56 2.6 0.031 0.12 14.0 <10 0.18 <1 3.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP030 <0.5 6.4 0.002 749 0.01 <0.5 33.0 9 10 0.26 54 2.54 1.77 0.97 18.50 2.50 4.1 0.016 0.56 16.8 <10 0.35 1 7.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP032A <0.5 2.2 0.001 674 0.04 <0.5 34.5 10 <10 0.92 74 2.79 1.80 0.98 18.90 3.05 3.8 0.017 0.63 17.2 <10 0.37 <1 6.0
Pacey (2016) NP13AP034 <0.5 3.9 0.003 1130 0.29 0.5 33.8 11 <10 1.65 170 2.55 1.74 1.00 18.60 2.86 3.9 0.023 0.53 17.0 <10 0.34 1 5.8

Source
Pacey (2016) NP12AP094 16.8 8 15 0.015 4.04 0.0016 32.7 0.33 0.9 3.99 2 1265 0.4 0.64 0.10 2.16 <0.5 0.33 1.22 275 2 21.1 2.11 381 80
Pacey (2016) NP12AP095 15.7 8 8 0.011 3.66 0.0011 40.8 0.16 0.4 3.83 1 1235 0.1 0.58 0.04 2.10 <0.5 0.31 1.15 215 2 18.3 1.99 172 77
Pacey (2016) NP12AP096 17.9 11 21 0.012 4.12 0.0011 35.3 0.18 1.2 4.44 2 1160 0.2 0.64 0.13 2.16 <0.5 0.31 1.42 302 2 20.6 1.98 129 81
Pacey (2016) NP12AP097 17.1 7 10 0.012 4.00 0.0009 49.1 0.16 1.3 4.05 2 930 0.2 0.59 0.08 2.56 <0.5 0.31 1.22 219 2 19.1 2.00 90 90
Pacey (2016) NP12AP098 16.2 6 5 0.009 3.77 0.0008 38.6 0.11 0.4 3.70 2 1145 0.2 0.54 0.03 2.25 <0.5 0.29 1.47 230 2 18.4 1.99 69 81
Pacey (2016) NP12AP099 17.7 9 8 0.009 4.28 0.0009 55.4 0.20 1.5 4.06 2 1010 0.7 0.59 0.04 2.59 <0.5 0.32 1.31 219 2 18.9 1.88 67 97
Pacey (2016) NP12AP103 17.8 10 5 0.009 4.34 0.0008 56.5 <0.05 1.2 4.06 1 907 0.3 0.62 0.03 2.96 <0.5 0.33 1.51 238 2 20.5 2.18 41 105
Pacey (2016) NP12AP104 14.0 25 3 0.017 3.27 0.0019 56.7 0.07 1.6 3.57 1 1060 0.5 0.64 0.08 1.61 <0.5 0.31 0.84 440 1 20.3 1.96 103 58
Pacey (2016) NP12AP109 19.1 4 9 0.001 4.75 <0.0005 66.8 0.09 1.6 4.36 1 942 0.2 0.54 0.07 2.56 <0.5 0.32 1.19 149 3 18.2 2.05 131 93
Pacey (2016) NP12AP110 18.0 1 16 0.001 4.24 <0.0005 62.4 0.21 0.7 3.86 1 924 0.1 0.50 0.28 2.02 <0.5 0.26 1.06 120 3 16.0 1.75 140 69
Pacey (2016) NP12AP111 18.1 2 15 0.002 4.58 0.0005 54.7 0.11 1.0 3.87 1 1310 0.4 0.58 0.05 2.36 <0.5 0.29 1.22 138 2 19.1 1.79 101 75
Pacey (2016) NP12AP112 15.9 3 18 0.010 3.76 0.0008 49.9 0.16 0.6 3.54 1 1430 0.2 0.53 0.02 2.14 <0.5 0.27 1.16 174 2 17.4 1.79 120 83
Pacey (2016) NP12AP113 16.8 8 13 0.007 4.20 0.0014 49.3 0.17 0.6 3.78 2 1420 0.4 0.60 0.01 2.45 <0.5 0.33 1.35 217 1 20.0 2.04 115 86
Pacey (2016) NP12AP114 13.6 5 17 0.009 3.40 0.0010 36.1 0.36 0.5 3.24 1 1485 0.3 0.53 0.07 1.84 <0.5 0.26 0.98 232 1 17.3 1.76 202 64
Pacey (2016) NP12AP115 15.9 2 159 0.004 3.96 0.0006 76.0 0.29 0.5 3.54 1 1260 0.4 0.57 0.06 2.71 <0.5 0.33 1.24 151 1 20.1 2.10 151 85
Pacey (2016) NP12AP117 14.5 5 17 0.012 3.41 0.0010 30.3 1.39 0.3 3.58 1 1085 0.2 0.53 0.03 1.86 <0.5 0.26 0.95 222 1 16.4 1.77 190 70
Pacey (2016) NP12AP118 14.6 2 13 0.008 3.62 0.0007 61.7 0.44 0.5 3.26 1 1390 0.4 0.54 0.02 2.00 <0.5 0.28 1.23 174 1 17.2 1.79 179 68
349
Pacey (2016) NP12AP119 18.2 2 13 0.008 4.34 0.0006 37.4 0.51 0.4 4.37 1 1320 0.2 0.61 0.03 2.47 <0.5 0.33 1.29 189 1 21.3 2.22 140 94
Pacey (2016) NP13AP010 13.6 14 22 0.015 3.64 0.0012 12.3 0.46 0.6 3.22 1 1785 0.3 0.53 0.06 1.43 <0.5 0.28 0.71 356 <1 17.3 1.50 278 49
Pacey (2016) NP13AP011 15.3 11 16 0.014 4.02 0.0011 14.1 0.63 0.7 4.19 1 1625 0.3 0.59 0.05 2.20 <0.5 0.29 1.07 361 1 20.1 1.86 234 60
Pacey (2016) NP13AP012 17.4 2 22 0.004 4.33 <0.0005 28.8 1.09 1.0 3.88 1 1335 0.5 0.56 0.30 2.92 <0.5 0.32 1.43 189 <1 20.2 2.17 167 98
Pacey (2016) NP13AP013 18.1 1 11 0.003 4.33 <0.0005 67.2 0.59 0.8 4.17 1 1400 0.5 0.63 0.02 2.94 <0.5 0.35 1.58 202 <1 23.0 2.14 107 97
Pacey (2016) NP13AP014 16.6 2 32 0.003 4.03 <0.0005 94.4 0.65 0.7 3.91 1 1075 0.3 0.58 0.02 2.82 <0.5 0.35 2.80 194 <1 19.9 2.05 153 94
Pacey (2016) NP13AP018 14.1 2 8 0.001 4.03 <0.0005 86.8 0.19 0.5 3.18 1 434 0.8 0.47 0.01 5.94 <0.5 0.33 2.86 84 2 18.7 2.39 35 166
Pacey (2016) NP13AP019 14.4 5 10 0.001 3.87 <0.0005 96.2 0.57 0.9 3.09 2 475 0.4 0.42 0.02 5.06 <0.5 0.30 2.59 90 3 17.4 2.17 44 152
Pacey (2016) NP13AP020 13.6 2 7 0.001 4.01 <0.0005 80.3 0.62 1.1 2.88 2 277 0.6 0.38 0.02 4.66 <0.5 0.28 1.97 78 5 16.5 2.08 51 161
Pacey (2016) NP13AP023 15.8 2 7 0.001 4.36 <0.0005 70.3 0.08 0.6 3.56 2 811 0.5 0.48 0.01 3.52 <0.5 0.33 1.80 117 2 18.1 2.21 42 146
Pacey (2016) NP13AP024 15.3 2 15 0.002 3.96 <0.0005 80.8 0.27 0.7 3.27 1 626 0.4 0.50 0.07 4.44 <0.5 0.31 2.14 111 2 18.0 2.24 133 109
Pacey (2016) NP13AP025 15.4 2 71 0.004 4.18 <0.0005 69.3 0.15 0.5 3.58 2 776 0.5 0.50 0.05 4.31 <0.5 0.35 2.01 145 3 19.7 2.18 228 130
Pacey (2016) NP13AP026 13.6 1 13 0.001 3.87 <0.0005 91.8 0.32 0.4 3.16 1 407 0.9 0.44 0.13 7.61 <0.5 0.37 3.83 50 3 19.4 2.40 48 191
Pacey (2016) NP13AP027 15.3 1 15 0.001 4.29 <0.0005 104.5 1.67 0.5 3.36 1 470 0.6 0.53 <0.01 7.26 <0.5 0.39 3.55 56 <1 22.1 2.75 49 201
Pacey (2016) NP13AP028 14.6 1 18 0.002 4.38 <0.0005 102.0 0.15 0.3 3.28 1 481 0.8 0.50 <0.01 12.30 <0.5 0.45 3.69 64 3 21.6 2.80 50 206
Pacey (2016) NP13AP029 3.8 1 5 <0.001 1.13 <0.0005 81.5 0.09 0.4 0.68 <1 441 0.1 0.11 0.05 2.92 <0.5 0.13 1.36 35 <1 5.8 0.91 30 74
Pacey (2016) NP13AP030 13.4 2 13 0.001 3.64 <0.0005 82.4 0.64 0.8 2.78 1 799 0.5 0.47 <0.01 5.65 <0.5 0.31 2.76 114 <1 18.2 2.31 60 130
Pacey (2016) NP13AP032A 15.4 2 15 0.002 3.90 <0.0005 66.4 0.33 0.8 3.58 1 711 0.3 0.49 0.02 3.67 <0.5 0.33 1.89 135 <1 19.2 2.16 77 142
Pacey (2016) NP13AP034 14.4 2 20 0.003 3.89 <0.0005 119.5 0.46 0.7 3.17 1 568 0.3 0.48 0.13 3.64 <0.5 0.30 1.70 137 2 16.6 1.95 325 152

Source
Pacey (2016) NP13AP037 <0.5 7.0 0.003 557 0.43 <0.5 35.7 22 <10 1.51 248 3.20 1.96 1.38 21.70 3.43 2.3 0.012 0.63 19.2 10 0.31 <1 6.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP038 <0.5 2.3 0.003 1920 0.39 <0.5 33.0 14 <10 1.63 84 2.51 1.66 0.93 18.30 2.72 2.6 0.020 0.58 17.5 <10 0.31 4 5.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP041 <0.5 1.4 0.001 863 0.02 <0.5 31.9 10 <10 0.17 62 2.66 1.58 1.12 20.10 3.12 1.8 0.009 0.61 17.6 <10 0.28 <1 6.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP042 <0.5 4.2 0.002 1435 0.01 <0.5 29.4 11 <10 0.22 113 2.44 1.36 1.11 18.70 2.71 1.4 0.013 0.48 14.5 <10 0.26 1 4.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP043 <0.5 2.7 0.001 830 0.04 0.7 34.8 11 10 0.64 80 2.71 1.87 1.03 18.60 3.01 3.0 0.025 0.57 18.0 <10 0.33 <1 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP044 <0.5 3.4 0.002 806 0.01 <0.5 35.5 12 10 0.33 58 2.78 1.77 1.06 19.10 3.11 3.3 0.008 0.56 17.8 <10 0.32 <1 6.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP049 <0.5 1.9 0.001 609 0.05 <0.5 37.5 11 10 0.18 78 2.91 1.91 1.08 19.20 3.12 3.1 0.013 0.62 19.4 <10 0.35 <1 6.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP050 <0.5 20.4 0.006 595 0.10 <0.5 34.4 9 10 1.61 5 2.78 1.75 0.77 20.40 3.10 3.2 0.016 0.60 16.7 10 0.32 1 6.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP053 <0.5 4.2 0.003 864 0.04 <0.5 34.0 12 10 0.25 124 2.86 1.95 0.97 19.70 3.20 3.3 0.015 0.63 18.2 <10 0.34 3 6.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP054 <0.5 1.3 0.001 542 0.03 <0.5 39.8 5 10 0.43 15 2.89 2.13 0.76 18.70 2.80 5.8 0.013 0.69 22.2 <10 0.45 4 9.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP055 <0.5 1.5 0.001 406 0.02 <0.5 36.2 4 10 0.40 27 2.90 1.85 0.54 17.60 2.56 4.6 0.013 0.64 19.3 <10 0.39 1 10.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP058 <0.5 1.4 0.001 812 0.06 <0.5 34.1 9 10 0.24 36 2.66 1.81 0.97 18.90 2.94 3.7 0.013 0.58 17.4 <10 0.33 1 7.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP061A 0.6 2.9 0.019 849 1.07 8.9 28.1 8 10 1.42 165 2.41 1.55 0.75 19.20 2.28 3.2 0.046 0.47 13.2 <10 0.29 4 6.0
Pacey (2016) NP13AP062 <0.5 3.2 0.001 813 0.01 <0.5 35.2 13 <10 0.55 80 2.90 1.78 0.99 18.40 3.10 2.9 0.013 0.61 18.4 <10 0.31 1 6.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP066 <0.5 1.0 0.019 1115 0.01 <0.5 45.5 3 <10 0.36 2430 3.23 2.00 1.12 17.60 3.76 3.4 0.011 0.69 24.4 <10 0.37 15 7.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP067 1 1.3 0.087 873 0.05 <0.5 39.9 6 10 0.20 7760 3.14 2.15 1.14 16.70 3.42 3.7 0.021 0.67 20.6 <10 0.36 38 7.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP069 <0.5 1.2 0.010 954 <0.01 <0.5 41.6 5 10 0.18 1285 3.31 2.17 1.05 19.10 3.28 3.8 0.016 0.70 21.0 <10 0.40 4 8.0
350
Pacey (2016) NP13AP071 <0.5 2.2 0.006 957 0.03 <0.5 44.8 6 10 0.46 208 3.44 2.24 1.17 18.70 3.49 3.7 0.009 0.76 22.8 <10 0.43 3 8.3
Pacey (2016) NP13AP074 <0.5 2.2 0.004 990 0.04 <0.5 42.1 5 <10 0.27 314 3.33 2.32 1.06 18.70 3.53 4.0 0.008 0.72 23.0 <10 0.40 2 8.0
Pacey (2016) NP13AP076 <0.5 1.8 0.001 1055 0.03 <0.5 24.8 6 10 0.49 5 1.69 1.21 0.54 16.70 1.48 2.7 0.013 0.37 14.3 <10 0.25 <1 6.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP077 <0.5 4.6 0.003 788 0.03 <0.5 42.5 13 10 0.30 131 3.67 2.41 1.33 21.60 4.13 3.1 0.013 0.82 22.7 <10 0.39 2 7.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP079 <0.5 4.5 0.007 863 <0.01 <0.5 35.7 7 10 0.37 342 3.29 2.11 1.24 21.20 3.53 3.1 0.019 0.71 18.2 <10 0.35 3 6.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP081 <0.5 2.1 0.004 898 0.03 <0.5 41.4 5 10 0.32 146 3.30 2.14 1.02 18.80 3.46 3.7 0.011 0.74 21.7 <10 0.40 3 8.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP093 <0.5 1.6 0.001 493 0.02 <0.5 34.4 9 10 0.29 236 2.71 1.87 1.11 20.50 3.40 3.8 0.016 0.58 16.7 <10 0.34 1 5.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP095 0.9 0.9 0.029 625 0.14 <0.5 24.1 10 10 0.49 3310 2.22 1.58 0.65 20.70 2.55 2.9 0.021 0.47 11.2 <10 0.31 40 5.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP098 <0.5 1.7 0.002 1050 0.01 <0.5 34.5 9 10 0.28 101 2.78 1.77 0.95 17.90 3.02 2.5 0.019 0.53 17.4 <10 0.31 1 5.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP099 <0.5 1.8 0.002 861 0.01 <0.5 34.1 10 10 0.23 26 2.99 1.81 0.98 19.30 3.09 3.6 0.017 0.65 16.9 <10 0.36 1 6.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP100 <0.5 1.3 0.003 753 <0.01 <0.5 32.0 8 10 0.23 115 2.51 1.72 0.91 18.20 2.61 3.5 0.013 0.53 17.2 <10 0.31 3 6.0
Pacey (2016) NP13AP102 <0.5 3.5 0.001 946 <0.01 <0.5 34.6 10 10 0.28 49 2.96 1.75 1.14 20.20 3.07 3.1 0.012 0.63 16.8 <10 0.31 <1 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP103 <0.5 1.7 0.002 756 <0.01 <0.5 16.8 5 10 0.14 93 1.40 0.97 0.76 16.40 1.59 2.4 0.010 0.30 8.1 <10 0.16 6 3.9
Pacey (2016) NP13AP105 <0.5 2.1 0.004 901 0.22 <0.5 33.2 12 10 0.20 785 2.77 1.71 1.25 20.70 2.85 2.8 0.013 0.57 16.5 10 0.30 <1 5.3
Pacey (2016) NP13AP106 <0.5 3.3 0.002 948 0.03 <0.5 30.0 8 10 0.16 202 3.00 1.77 1.12 21.30 3.16 2.3 0.014 0.60 14.1 <10 0.31 1 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP108 <0.5 2.1 0.003 810 <0.01 <0.5 28.8 6 10 0.09 104 2.70 1.67 0.81 20.60 2.89 2.8 0.010 0.56 14.6 <10 0.28 1 5.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP111 <0.5 0.4 0.031 915 <0.01 <0.5 29.5 5 <10 0.31 2090 2.12 1.49 0.74 17.80 2.25 3.1 0.017 0.47 15.9 <10 0.28 2 5.9
Pacey (2016) NP13AP112 0.9 0.6 0.041 897 0.09 <0.5 28.0 4 10 0.22 5340 1.91 1.27 0.80 16.30 2.28 3.7 0.015 0.44 14.6 <10 0.28 28 6.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP113 1.9 0.7 0.089 888 0.29 <0.5 27.3 4 <10 0.35 9220 1.99 1.40 0.70 15.70 2.04 3.5 0.032 0.47 14.9 <10 0.37 240 5.8

Source
Pacey (2016) NP13AP037 15.9 2 13 0.002 4.15 <0.0005 123.5 0.43 1.5 3.55 1 483 0.3 0.54 0.27 2.89 <0.5 0.29 1.54 158 8 20.0 1.96 176 81
Pacey (2016) NP13AP038 14.4 2 14 0.002 3.86 <0.0005 136.0 0.39 0.6 3.41 1 567 0.3 0.42 0.29 3.74 <0.5 0.27 1.60 124 5 16.1 1.71 128 107
Pacey (2016) NP13AP041 14.7 1 19 0.003 3.81 <0.0005 54.6 0.20 0.3 3.35 1 1140 0.4 0.46 0.02 3.12 <0.5 0.29 1.55 149 3 16.8 1.70 142 60
Pacey (2016) NP13AP042 13.7 2 8 0.002 3.43 <0.0005 69.0 0.44 0.6 2.93 1 1100 0.2 0.46 0.01 2.15 <0.5 0.23 1.17 146 <1 15.2 1.49 58 35
Pacey (2016) NP13AP043 14.9 2 112 0.002 3.85 <0.0005 73.8 0.33 0.7 3.27 1 1235 0.3 0.46 0.06 3.58 <0.5 0.27 1.85 157 1 18.4 1.96 324 104
Pacey (2016) NP13AP044 15.0 1 5 0.002 3.98 <0.0005 78.0 0.27 0.6 3.52 1 1100 0.3 0.51 0.01 3.86 <0.5 0.29 1.88 151 <1 18.2 1.97 52 115
Pacey (2016) NP13AP049 16.3 1 19 0.002 4.27 <0.0005 49.8 0.24 0.6 3.29 1 1155 0.4 0.54 0.03 3.88 <0.5 0.30 1.87 157 4 19.4 1.90 199 107
Pacey (2016) NP13AP050 15.5 1 22 0.004 4.00 <0.0005 182.5 0.30 0.6 3.54 1 231 0.5 0.49 0.12 3.47 0.5 0.31 1.66 161 11 18.0 2.08 182 112
Pacey (2016) NP13AP053 14.7 3 7 0.002 4.05 <0.0005 78.4 0.17 0.6 3.37 1 1255 0.4 0.47 0.01 3.47 <0.5 0.30 1.84 156 3 18.2 1.89 62 122
Pacey (2016) NP13AP054 14.8 <1 10 <0.001 4.28 <0.0005 97.7 0.13 0.5 3.56 1 471 0.5 0.46 <0.01 7.05 <0.5 0.37 3.38 63 3 20.0 2.71 130 217
Pacey (2016) NP13AP055 13.7 <1 9 <0.001 4.07 <0.0005 106.0 0.15 0.6 3.15 1 313 0.6 0.43 <0.01 6.79 <0.5 0.36 3.11 50 3 18.2 2.31 80 163
Pacey (2016) NP13AP058 14.4 1 15 0.001 3.74 <0.0005 72.8 0.20 0.7 3.24 1 826 0.7 0.47 0.03 4.88 <0.5 0.30 2.43 122 1 18.2 2.14 130 126
Pacey (2016) NP13AP061A 12.1 2 81 0.001 3.14 <0.0005 167.0 0.12 0.8 2.90 1 150 0.4 0.41 0.52 3.56 <0.5 0.25 1.79 124 14 15.1 1.82 2950 114
Pacey (2016) NP13AP062 15.4 1 6 0.002 4.14 <0.0005 77.5 0.24 0.5 3.53 1 1250 0.4 0.48 0.01 3.88 <0.5 0.30 1.79 154 2 18.2 1.88 73 107
Pacey (2016) NP13AP066 19.1 <1 14 0.001 5.30 <0.0005 117.5 0.06 1.2 4.53 2 502 0.5 0.55 0.02 4.05 <0.5 0.32 2.22 84 6 20.6 2.07 38 138
Pacey (2016) NP13AP067 17.5 1 10 0.001 4.66 <0.0005 94.8 0.08 4.9 3.91 3 805 0.4 0.55 0.06 4.27 <0.5 0.35 2.03 96 5 20.5 2.33 21 131
Pacey (2016) NP13AP069 17.8 1 11 0.001 4.68 <0.0005 89.4 0.27 1.0 3.73 1 689 0.4 0.58 0.02 4.47 <0.5 0.37 2.26 92 1 21.9 2.42 30 134
351
Pacey (2016) NP13AP071 19.7 1 9 0.001 5.14 <0.0005 100.0 0.11 0.8 4.29 2 670 0.5 0.62 0.02 4.56 <0.5 0.41 2.41 81 2 23.1 2.48 52 140
Pacey (2016) NP13AP074 17.7 <1 7 0.001 5.05 <0.0005 78.9 0.20 0.8 3.96 1 775 0.5 0.56 0.06 4.58 <0.5 0.38 2.25 84 3 21.9 2.30 39 149
Pacey (2016) NP13AP076 8.7 2 8 <0.001 2.54 <0.0005 74.7 0.50 0.5 1.87 1 563 0.4 0.29 <0.01 3.14 <0.5 0.21 1.37 78 2 12.4 1.47 59 97
Pacey (2016) NP13AP077 19.4 3 10 0.004 5.25 <0.0005 53.4 0.44 0.6 4.66 2 1155 0.4 0.66 0.03 3.74 <0.5 0.38 1.83 166 3 23.4 2.47 101 128
Pacey (2016) NP13AP079 16.9 4 5 0.003 4.41 <0.0005 66.1 0.28 0.8 3.99 2 1390 0.4 0.58 0.02 3.49 <0.5 0.32 1.63 183 2 20.0 2.04 68 109
Pacey (2016) NP13AP081 17.6 1 13 0.001 4.83 <0.0005 85.0 0.17 0.6 4.27 2 719 0.4 0.56 0.01 4.70 <0.5 0.36 2.32 74 2 21.6 2.40 78 150
Pacey (2016) NP13AP093 15.4 1 5 0.002 4.19 <0.0005 65.5 0.16 0.7 3.40 2 855 0.3 0.51 0.02 2.91 <0.5 0.32 1.89 140 <1 18.9 2.23 86 143
Pacey (2016) NP13AP095 11.7 1 3 0.004 2.80 <0.0005 146.5 0.10 1.9 2.75 4 534 0.4 0.41 0.09 3.98 <0.5 0.25 1.94 172 8 14.9 1.85 37 92
Pacey (2016) NP13AP098 15.2 1 3 0.002 3.93 <0.0005 64.4 0.11 0.7 3.11 1 1265 0.3 0.46 0.02 4.41 <0.5 0.27 1.79 147 <1 17.9 1.69 49 86
Pacey (2016) NP13AP099 15.1 2 6 0.003 3.86 <0.0005 65.4 0.15 0.6 3.14 1 1160 0.4 0.49 0.01 3.78 <0.5 0.32 1.84 138 <1 19.0 2.14 39 132
Pacey (2016) NP13AP100 13.6 2 3 0.002 3.70 <0.0005 68.4 0.13 0.5 3.11 2 1245 0.4 0.42 <0.01 3.67 <0.5 0.26 1.80 113 2 16.2 1.86 32 129
Pacey (2016) NP13AP102 15.4 1 6 0.002 4.08 <0.0005 78.9 0.13 0.6 3.47 2 1480 0.3 0.50 0.01 3.46 <0.5 0.31 1.72 239 <1 18.7 2.08 58 110
Pacey (2016) NP13AP103 7.9 1 6 0.007 1.89 <0.0005 62.7 0.11 0.6 1.85 1 721 0.4 0.26 0.03 1.96 <0.5 0.18 0.86 252 <1 10.0 1.11 25 85
Pacey (2016) NP13AP105 15.6 1 6 0.002 3.84 <0.0005 52.7 0.20 0.9 3.13 1 1090 0.3 0.49 0.31 2.95 <0.5 0.27 1.51 227 1 17.8 1.76 108 103
Pacey (2016) NP13AP106 15.0 1 4 0.002 3.63 <0.0005 66.8 0.22 0.6 3.46 1 1260 0.3 0.52 0.03 2.81 <0.5 0.28 1.49 284 <1 18.4 1.90 69 78
Pacey (2016) NP13AP108 13.9 2 6 0.009 3.70 <0.0005 56.3 0.19 0.5 3.12 2 1020 0.3 0.46 0.03 2.87 <0.5 0.26 1.15 365 3 16.9 1.65 52 109
Pacey (2016) NP13AP111 12.3 2 11 0.003 3.44 <0.0005 82.0 0.09 1.7 2.56 1 1060 0.3 0.37 0.01 3.71 <0.5 0.20 1.49 127 3 14.0 1.73 38 115
Pacey (2016) NP13AP112 12.0 2 5 0.002 2.99 <0.0005 89.4 0.15 3.8 2.49 2 1090 0.4 0.35 0.04 3.71 <0.5 0.22 1.24 122 3 13.8 1.59 135 131
Pacey (2016) NP13AP113 10.7 1 6 0.003 3.12 <0.0005 113.0 0.18 6.7 2.55 2 967 0.8 0.39 0.13 3.20 <0.5 0.32 0.96 131 5 12.7 1.56 12 133

Source
Pacey (2016) NP13AP114 2.4 0.7 0.146 885 0.44 <0.5 31.7 5 10 0.17 8860 2.07 1.51 0.79 16.20 2.47 3.5 0.009 0.51 17.4 <10 0.28 16 6.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP115 0.7 0.5 0.050 886 0.08 <0.5 30.2 5 <10 0.21 4740 2.27 1.43 0.76 16.10 2.44 3.2 0.012 0.51 16.4 <10 0.31 14 6.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP117 <0.5 0.5 0.011 843 0.01 <0.5 31.3 8 <10 0.30 1365 2.36 1.64 0.77 18.60 2.38 3.9 0.015 0.53 16.9 <10 0.32 5 6.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP122 <0.5 3.5 0.004 883 0.11 <0.5 26.2 11 10 0.15 556 2.45 1.58 0.90 19.50 2.66 3.4 0.013 0.50 13.9 10 0.30 1 6.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP124 <0.5 2.7 0.006 822 0.05 <0.5 28.8 9 10 0.67 628 2.46 1.75 0.88 20.10 2.73 3.2 0.013 0.51 15.7 <10 0.32 2 6.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP125 <0.5 3.0 0.005 810 0.03 <0.5 33.6 9 10 0.22 242 2.59 1.72 0.91 17.90 3.02 3.7 0.010 0.52 17.9 <10 0.31 1 7.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP128 <0.5 6.4 0.001 1085 0.02 <0.5 33.5 8 10 0.25 84 2.59 1.77 0.95 19.50 2.95 3.5 0.008 0.54 18.1 <10 0.34 1 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP130 <0.5 3.1 0.002 749 0.01 <0.5 29.8 9 10 0.30 234 2.40 1.62 0.82 20.50 2.41 4.0 0.012 0.54 15.7 <10 0.29 1 6.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP133 <0.5 1.5 0.001 1050 <0.01 <0.5 32.2 6 <10 0.38 292 2.40 1.57 0.82 18.60 2.82 3.5 0.009 0.52 17.5 <10 0.33 5 6.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP134 <0.5 0.8 0.001 715 0.02 <0.5 35.7 5 10 0.44 338 2.73 1.87 0.72 17.50 2.85 4.6 0.005 0.60 19.5 <10 0.36 3 8.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP135 0.5 2.0 0.003 633 0.09 <0.5 73.8 16 10 1.01 1025 3.47 2.05 1.72 20.30 4.76 3.5 0.009 0.71 45.3 10 0.35 2 7.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP136 1.4 8.0 0.017 675 0.35 4.8 34.4 7 10 1.55 2610 2.45 1.66 0.75 19.40 2.69 3.3 0.052 0.52 18.9 10 0.31 7 6.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP141 <0.5 2.7 0.009 939 0.11 <0.5 23.0 15 10 0.55 1200 2.20 1.55 0.50 21.30 2.10 3.8 0.008 0.45 12.7 10 0.31 10 6.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP142 <0.5 5.6 0.005 608 0.07 <0.5 36.4 12 10 0.38 37 2.97 2.25 0.76 20.70 3.22 4.8 0.009 0.65 20.5 <10 0.47 14 8.9
Pacey (2016) NP13AP143 1.3 3.7 0.019 637 0.28 <0.5 36.7 21 10 0.45 4060 2.30 1.67 0.68 20.90 2.71 5.0 0.017 0.54 20.1 <10 0.38 17 8.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP152 <0.5 5.1 0.001 984 0.04 <0.5 33.3 6 10 0.17 94 2.54 1.73 0.88 19.70 2.88 3.3 0.011 0.52 17.7 <10 0.30 3 6.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP155 <0.5 2.1 0.004 498 0.18 <0.5 33.5 18 10 0.43 95 2.01 1.37 0.73 19.80 2.40 3.7 0.012 0.45 18.2 <10 0.27 6 6.5
352
Pacey (2016) NP13AP156 0.8 2.4 0.017 818 0.10 <0.5 32.4 14 10 0.72 2710 2.54 1.65 0.78 20.90 2.84 3.6 0.016 0.52 16.8 10 0.32 3 6.3
Pacey (2016) NP13AP161 0.6 0.9 0.036 1030 0.03 <0.5 18.9 5 10 0.46 1835 1.19 0.84 0.51 15.40 1.30 3.3 0.016 0.27 10.9 <10 0.18 12 5.9
Pacey (2016) NP13AP171 0.6 2.6 0.041 976 0.15 <0.5 42.1 5 10 0.34 2670 3.32 2.32 1.10 16.80 3.53 3.4 0.021 0.71 22.6 <10 0.37 168 8.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP195 <0.5 2.0 0.002 1060 <0.01 <0.5 45.8 6 10 0.32 358 3.76 2.70 1.20 18.40 4.07 3.7 0.008 0.79 24.4 <10 0.48 3 8.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP198 3.3 1.0 0.767 841 0.59 <0.5 30.0 4 10 0.20 9110 2.17 1.54 0.73 16.30 2.55 3.2 0.011 0.45 16.8 <10 0.28 13 6.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP199 0.8 1.8 0.040 938 0.08 <0.5 31.6 7 10 0.30 2200 2.40 1.72 0.80 18.10 2.75 3.3 0.011 0.52 17.2 10 0.31 6 6.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP200 1.4 1.4 0.077 898 0.23 <0.5 32.5 6 10 0.40 3390 2.63 1.73 0.77 18.10 2.61 3.4 0.011 0.54 17.7 10 0.31 4 6.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP207 1.9 3.7 0.026 700 0.43 <0.5 33.9 21 10 0.38 5870 2.63 1.83 0.79 16.90 2.90 2.8 0.026 0.56 18.3 <10 0.33 50 6.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP214 <0.5 3.1 0.001 1175 0.02 <0.5 37.7 10 10 0.51 81 3.10 2.05 1.26 20.50 3.55 2.6 0.013 0.65 19.9 10 0.34 1 6.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP215 <0.5 2.3 0.001 995 0.02 <0.5 33.7 11 <10 0.54 19 3.02 1.89 1.01 19.80 3.24 2.6 0.009 0.62 17.8 <10 0.31 <1 6.0
Pacey (2016) NP13AP218 <0.5 1.1 0.003 1325 0.05 <0.5 32.1 15 10 0.18 315 2.31 1.58 0.72 19.00 2.58 2.9 0.013 0.51 17.7 <10 0.30 9 5.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP219 <0.5 0.5 0.002 1190 0.01 <0.5 28.1 4 10 0.21 388 2.16 1.42 0.72 19.40 2.15 2.7 0.016 0.47 15.7 <10 0.24 3 5.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP227 <0.5 1.6 0.001 479 0.03 <0.5 30.9 5 10 0.23 18 2.61 2.01 0.63 17.60 2.56 5.6 0.006 0.61 17.8 <10 0.47 1 7.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP228 <0.5 0.9 0.001 629 0.05 <0.5 45.4 3 10 0.40 17 3.37 2.40 0.73 16.70 3.31 5.0 0.044 0.72 23.9 <10 0.55 2 11.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP229 <0.5 7.3 0.004 409 0.82 4.5 44.6 6 10 1.31 601 3.61 2.68 0.99 17.00 3.56 4.0 0.622 0.82 23.8 <10 0.52 4 8.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP234 <0.5 3.6 0.001 1180 0.02 <0.5 46.6 9 10 0.36 30 3.71 2.53 1.29 19.40 4.23 3.4 0.015 0.80 24.6 <10 0.39 3 8.9
Pacey (2016) NP13AP239 <0.5 15.2 0.038 904 0.26 <0.5 28.1 11 <10 1.46 9 2.84 2.04 0.95 21.80 3.41 2.2 0.010 0.61 14.2 10 0.34 1 5.4
Pacey (2016) NP13AP241 <0.5 3.3 0.001 797 0.06 <0.5 34.4 10 10 0.51 219 3.38 2.09 1.25 19.40 4.02 2.1 0.013 0.69 18.3 <10 0.30 1 5.3
Pacey (2016) NP13AP242 <0.5 2.7 0.003 1240 0.05 <0.5 34.8 13 <10 0.64 305 3.29 2.04 1.33 19.90 3.80 2.1 0.018 0.66 18.4 10 0.32 <1 5.5

Source
Pacey (2016) NP13AP114 13.1 2 6 0.003 3.64 <0.0005 74.9 0.16 6.3 2.84 2 982 0.4 0.38 0.24 4.14 <0.5 0.25 1.20 128 6 14.5 1.76 26 131
Pacey (2016) NP13AP115 12.4 3 6 0.002 3.58 <0.0005 83.1 0.15 3.6 2.74 2 937 0.7 0.38 0.06 4.00 <0.5 0.29 1.15 127 5 14.3 1.61 24 124
Pacey (2016) NP13AP117 12.8 2 6 0.002 3.57 <0.0005 80.5 0.10 1.7 2.88 1 912 0.7 0.39 0.01 4.48 <0.5 0.30 2.20 119 3 15.4 1.82 62 150
Pacey (2016) NP13AP122 11.8 <1 26 0.002 3.16 <0.0005 54.6 0.17 0.9 2.70 1 868 0.3 0.41 0.03 3.86 <0.5 0.24 1.36 135 2 14.9 1.73 110 119
Pacey (2016) NP13AP124 13.0 2 17 0.003 3.50 <0.0005 76.3 0.20 0.6 2.91 1 985 0.4 0.40 0.02 4.46 <0.5 0.28 2.01 135 4 15.8 1.83 108 124
Pacey (2016) NP13AP125 14.8 2 16 0.005 3.77 <0.0005 66.6 0.10 0.7 3.21 2 908 0.5 0.45 0.02 5.38 <0.5 0.27 2.62 135 1 15.7 1.93 140 134
Pacey (2016) NP13AP128 15.3 2 10 0.002 3.95 <0.0005 69.7 0.15 0.5 3.30 1 1095 0.6 0.46 0.02 3.87 <0.5 0.30 1.96 121 1 15.0 2.00 84 132
Pacey (2016) NP13AP130 13.0 3 8 0.002 3.48 <0.0005 63.9 0.11 0.5 2.69 1 839 0.3 0.39 0.01 4.13 <0.5 0.25 2.34 129 3 15.6 1.78 65 147
Pacey (2016) NP13AP133 13.9 6 12 0.004 3.61 <0.0005 64.8 0.11 0.6 2.99 4 1020 0.4 0.42 0.02 3.96 <0.5 0.27 2.08 127 4 15.1 1.71 64 140
Pacey (2016) NP13AP134 15.3 1 23 0.001 3.95 <0.0005 90.6 0.14 0.6 3.12 2 666 0.6 0.46 0.02 7.09 <0.5 0.34 3.38 86 2 17.7 2.24 80 178
Pacey (2016) NP13AP135 29.9 3 10 0.003 7.89 <0.0005 124.5 0.16 1.9 5.40 2 658 0.5 0.61 0.09 5.16 0.6 0.34 2.86 123 6 20.9 2.10 154 124
Pacey (2016) NP13AP136 14.9 2 1165 0.003 3.84 <0.0005 148.5 0.24 1.8 3.21 2 337 0.5 0.42 0.39 4.52 0.5 0.27 2.28 126 10 15.3 1.87 1555 130
Pacey (2016) NP13AP141 10.8 2 7 0.006 3.03 <0.0005 136.0 0.09 2.4 2.55 4 232 0.5 0.34 0.11 4.63 0.6 0.27 2.60 129 8 12.0 1.78 23 134
Pacey (2016) NP13AP142 16.0 1 2 0.002 4.19 <0.0005 126.0 0.09 1.7 3.59 4 495 0.6 0.50 0.21 6.74 0.6 0.39 2.60 101 6 20.0 2.62 11 173
Pacey (2016) NP13AP143 14.5 1 14 0.002 4.19 <0.0005 128.0 0.12 5.2 3.14 4 612 0.5 0.42 0.30 6.94 0.5 0.30 3.27 93 6 15.9 2.13 66 183
Pacey (2016) NP13AP152 14.6 2 8 0.003 3.72 <0.0005 62.2 0.12 0.8 3.14 1 1025 0.4 0.41 0.01 3.62 <0.5 0.27 1.80 117 1 14.8 1.93 91 125
Pacey (2016) NP13AP155 13.2 1 <2 0.004 3.81 <0.0005 128.0 0.11 3.1 3.02 5 960 0.3 0.37 0.23 4.49 0.5 0.23 1.77 139 11 13.1 1.37 12 142
353
Pacey (2016) NP13AP156 14.8 3 3 0.003 3.83 <0.0005 132.5 0.08 2.2 3.18 2 363 0.4 0.42 0.09 3.91 0.7 0.28 2.38 115 6 15.0 1.86 112 134
Pacey (2016) NP13AP161 7.4 2 11 0.001 2.20 <0.0005 127.0 0.06 1.6 1.81 3 916 0.3 0.20 0.02 3.82 <0.5 0.14 1.37 130 6 7.9 0.85 44 120
Pacey (2016) NP13AP171 18.6 2 14 0.001 4.71 <0.0005 88.5 0.08 2.2 4.06 2 982 0.5 0.56 0.11 4.82 <0.5 0.36 2.06 85 4 20.2 2.38 41 134
Pacey (2016) NP13AP195 20.6 1 10 0.001 5.31 <0.0005 88.3 0.13 0.5 4.69 3 725 0.5 0.67 0.01 5.23 <0.5 0.41 2.61 89 2 23.9 2.70 50 148
Pacey (2016) NP13AP198 13.3 3 13 0.005 3.34 <0.0005 80.1 0.09 10.7 2.70 2 962 0.4 0.37 0.98 4.12 <0.5 0.22 1.46 133 4 13.5 1.60 153 118
Pacey (2016) NP13AP199 13.9 4 11 0.003 3.52 <0.0005 80.9 0.07 2.4 2.85 1 1200 0.4 0.40 0.17 4.50 <0.5 0.26 1.53 133 2 15.0 1.73 36 128
Pacey (2016) NP13AP200 14.1 3 13 0.003 3.63 <0.0005 79.9 0.08 3.7 3.13 1 1110 0.4 0.47 0.22 4.49 <0.5 0.27 1.83 139 2 15.7 1.88 35 135
Pacey (2016) NP13AP207 14.8 <1 4 <0.001 3.94 <0.0005 108.5 0.21 5.8 3.21 4 1245 0.4 0.46 0.53 3.81 <0.5 0.30 4.24 66 11 16.2 1.94 21 108
Pacey (2016) NP13AP214 18.0 2 15 0.001 4.29 <0.0005 57.7 0.13 0.6 3.89 1 1720 0.4 0.58 0.02 3.60 <0.5 0.29 1.80 144 3 18.5 2.05 123 103
Pacey (2016) NP13AP215 14.7 1 20 0.001 4.04 <0.0005 70.0 0.17 0.5 3.43 2 1385 0.3 0.47 0.01 3.08 <0.5 0.30 1.52 142 3 17.4 1.86 131 101
Pacey (2016) NP13AP218 14.0 3 25 0.002 3.52 <0.0005 66.8 0.10 1.0 2.86 2 991 0.4 0.40 0.07 3.44 <0.5 0.24 2.68 107 2 14.5 1.64 126 111
Pacey (2016) NP13AP219 11.4 5 12 0.002 3.29 <0.0005 66.9 0.08 0.7 2.57 1 1095 0.2 0.35 0.02 2.87 <0.5 0.23 1.47 114 3 13.7 1.50 88 101
Pacey (2016) NP13AP227 12.6 <1 12 0.001 3.41 <0.0005 99.4 0.12 0.4 2.76 2 492 0.8 0.47 0.01 6.71 <0.5 0.39 3.10 50 2 16.8 2.35 77 217
Pacey (2016) NP13AP228 18.2 <1 14 0.001 4.98 <0.0005 85.1 0.15 0.5 3.65 3 541 1.0 0.56 <0.01 7.29 <0.5 0.45 3.87 60 2 21.7 2.96 209 171
Pacey (2016) NP13AP229 18.0 <1 12 0.002 4.81 <0.0005 126.0 0.21 1.4 3.69 3 420 0.6 0.62 0.22 5.08 0.5 0.45 3.79 58 4 24.1 3.08 1460 155
Pacey (2016) NP13AP234 21.7 <1 16 <0.001 5.41 <0.0005 84.4 0.29 0.5 4.93 1 872 0.5 0.64 0.02 4.64 <0.5 0.35 2.31 113 1 22.7 2.65 154 132
Pacey (2016) NP13AP239 14.5 2 6 0.004 3.36 <0.0005 162.0 0.23 0.7 3.37 1 166 0.3 0.52 0.20 2.74 <0.5 0.31 1.12 209 6 17.1 2.05 67 88
Pacey (2016) NP13AP241 17.4 1 5 0.003 4.13 <0.0005 61.4 0.25 0.5 3.96 1 1050 0.4 0.55 0.04 2.69 <0.5 0.32 0.94 188 4 19.5 2.00 62 79
Pacey (2016) NP13AP242 17.4 2 7 0.004 4.15 <0.0005 58.1 0.44 0.7 4.08 2 1300 0.4 0.61 0.01 2.80 <0.5 0.32 1.40 196 3 19.3 2.04 77 81

Source
Pacey (2016) NP13AP243 <0.5 2.3 0.004 1200 0.01 <0.5 34.1 13 10 0.37 279 3.39 2.11 1.37 20.10 3.83 2.1 0.010 0.70 17.8 10 0.30 1 5.3
Pacey (2016) NP13AP244 <0.5 2.1 0.005 1185 0.01 <0.5 33.6 13 10 0.34 220 3.23 1.99 1.29 20.20 3.59 2.0 0.014 0.66 17.4 <10 0.30 1 5.2
Pacey (2016) NP13AP245 <0.5 5.5 0.002 320 0.12 <0.5 35.9 8 <10 0.70 210 3.41 2.13 1.36 21.40 3.84 1.8 0.013 0.72 19.4 <10 0.29 1 4.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP246 <0.5 3.6 0.004 338 0.37 <0.5 31.8 14 <10 0.61 76 3.09 1.99 1.01 17.90 3.21 1.9 0.022 0.62 16.6 <10 0.32 1 5.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP280 0.5 4.8 0.007 333 0.08 <0.5 31.4 26 <10 0.21 683 3.33 1.93 1.21 19.10 3.98 2.0 0.012 0.70 16.0 10 0.31 1 5.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP281 <0.5 5.2 0.001 757 0.05 <0.5 30.7 20 <10 0.25 76 3.10 1.92 1.02 20.80 3.28 2.3 0.013 0.65 15.7 <10 0.33 <1 5.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP282 <0.5 2.6 0.004 1145 0.01 <0.5 36.6 21 10 0.25 243 4.00 2.57 1.37 20.10 4.48 2.3 0.010 0.81 18.6 <10 0.38 2 5.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP283 <0.5 2.3 0.001 736 <0.01 <0.5 39.5 10 <10 0.22 61 3.05 2.02 1.08 19.10 3.72 2.2 0.015 0.63 20.7 <10 0.35 1 6.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP287 <0.5 1.2 0.002 593 0.01 <0.5 24.3 4 10 0.25 131 1.75 1.42 0.73 16.80 1.89 5.6 <0.005 0.38 14.8 <10 0.32 5 5.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP288 <0.5 1.5 0.001 756 0.16 <0.5 37.0 11 10 1.50 382 2.91 1.87 0.93 19.20 3.21 2.6 0.018 0.57 19.8 <10 0.34 5 6.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP289 <0.5 1.2 0.001 1030 0.08 <0.5 34.8 7 <10 0.94 29 2.83 1.86 1.13 17.40 3.11 3.0 0.016 0.59 18.8 <10 0.33 5 6.0
Pacey (2016) NP13AP290 <0.5 1.9 0.002 1380 0.08 <0.5 34.3 10 10 0.67 338 2.91 1.73 1.13 18.70 3.11 3.3 0.013 0.57 18.5 <10 0.30 5 5.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP291 <0.5 1.7 0.002 912 0.04 <0.5 34.0 10 <10 0.53 92 2.86 1.86 1.05 17.30 3.21 2.0 0.009 0.59 17.7 <10 0.29 3 5.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP292 <0.5 1.6 0.001 982 0.02 <0.5 29.1 10 <10 0.29 64 2.43 1.61 0.93 16.30 2.80 2.4 0.010 0.49 16.0 <10 0.25 2 4.8
Pacey (2016) NP13AP293 <0.5 1.9 0.001 994 0.01 <0.5 31.3 10 <10 0.17 41 2.79 1.70 1.10 17.80 3.12 2.3 0.008 0.52 16.6 <10 0.30 2 5.6
Pacey (2016) NP13AP303 <0.5 4.6 0.001 1565 0.02 <0.5 33.8 22 10 0.58 119 3.42 2.25 1.02 20.70 4.01 2.3 0.015 0.73 17.3 10 0.35 <1 5.3
Pacey (2016) NP13AP304 <0.5 5.0 0.002 217 0.02 <0.5 32.7 24 10 0.41 2 3.40 2.11 1.25 20.50 3.75 2.1 0.014 0.64 16.8 10 0.31 2 5.3
354
Pacey (2016) NP13AP307 <0.5 4.6 0.004 862 0.05 <0.5 32.1 20 10 1.20 172 3.44 2.24 1.25 20.70 3.75 2.0 0.012 0.72 16.7 10 0.32 1 4.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP308 <0.5 5.3 0.002 1350 0.03 <0.5 32.9 25 10 0.28 18 3.46 2.17 1.36 20.00 4.01 2.2 0.012 0.72 16.8 <10 0.33 1 4.7
Pacey (2016) NP13AP309 <0.5 2.7 0.001 527 0.02 <0.5 33.5 13 10 0.09 27 3.22 1.93 1.25 22.00 3.66 2.3 0.007 0.67 17.4 <10 0.33 1 5.5
Pacey (2016) NP13AP310 <0.5 3.2 0.002 1060 0.01 <0.5 33.7 15 10 0.35 87 3.15 2.07 1.15 18.70 3.73 2.4 0.013 0.65 17.2 <10 0.32 2 6.1
Pacey (2016) NP13AP311 <0.5 4.5 0.001 994 0.01 <0.5 32.8 17 10 0.39 22 3.29 2.06 1.20 21.50 3.49 2.6 0.006 0.68 16.8 <10 0.33 1 6.0
Pacey (2016) NP13AP315 <0.5 12.4 0.004 1535 0.01 <0.5 33.7 13 20 0.39 312 3.18 2.10 1.18 19.40 3.75 2.1 0.013 0.63 17.3 20 0.30 1 5.3
Pacey (2016) NP13AP316 <0.5 2.9 0.001 1335 0.02 <0.5 35.2 9 <10 0.27 2 3.15 1.98 1.26 19.50 3.75 2.0 0.017 0.60 18.5 <10 0.29 1 5.2
Rio Tinto Ltd GR32 <0.5 2.0 - 884 0.08 <0.5 47.3 5 20 0.26 102 4.14 2.93 1.18 18.60 3.95 3.8 <0.005 1.00 26.2 - 0.51 3 8.7
Rio Tinto Ltd GR33 <0.5 2.2 - 885 0.04 <0.5 45.5 6 20 0.28 383 3.41 2.28 1.20 19.40 3.56 3.5 <0.005 0.79 25.3 - 0.40 5 8.3
Rio Tinto Ltd GR34 <0.5 2.1 - 1230 0.03 <0.5 48.2 8 20 0.37 38 3.74 2.45 1.34 18.70 3.97 3.5 <0.005 0.87 26.5 - 0.39 7 9.0
Rio Tinto Ltd GR35 <0.5 6.0 - 894 0.05 <0.5 38.9 13 20 0.34 91 3.14 2.04 1.28 20.00 3.43 2.5 <0.005 0.71 20.4 - 0.30 3 6.2
Rio Tinto Ltd GR36 <0.5 1.9 - 539 0.02 <0.5 37.4 10 10 0.32 234 2.73 1.78 0.99 18.30 2.95 2.7 0.005 0.63 20.9 - 0.31 1 6.3
Rio Tinto Ltd GR37 <0.5 1.2 - 716 0.02 <0.5 37.1 10 20 0.19 75 2.83 1.86 1.03 18.50 2.93 2.7 <0.005 0.62 20.8 - 0.31 2 5.9
Rio Tinto Ltd GR38 <0.5 1.0 - 963 0.02 <0.5 37.8 9 10 0.23 28 2.86 1.88 1.02 18.60 2.97 3.0 <0.005 0.66 20.7 - 0.32 1 5.9
Rio Tinto Ltd GR39 <0.5 1.5 - 491 0.04 <0.5 33.3 10 10 0.18 522 2.93 1.91 1.05 20.30 3.02 2.8 <0.005 0.67 17.9 - 0.33 2 5.1
Rio Tinto Ltd GR40 <0.5 1.3 - 620 0.08 <0.5 26.5 7 10 0.11 657 2.14 1.33 0.88 19.60 2.29 2.4 <0.005 0.48 14.7 - 0.24 1 5.1
Rio Tinto Ltd GR41 <0.5 2.5 - 639 0.03 <0.5 28.2 6 20 0.18 544 2.55 1.64 0.77 18.80 2.71 3.1 <0.005 0.58 14.9 - 0.27 5 5.5
Rio Tinto Ltd GR42 <0.5 0.7 - 887 0.04 <0.5 36.5 6 20 0.74 428 2.86 1.81 1.20 20.70 3.11 2.3 <0.005 0.64 19.7 - 0.29 3 5.6
Rio Tinto Ltd GR43 <0.5 4.6 - 835 0.06 <0.5 32.6 25 20 0.83 262 3.52 2.12 1.30 20.30 3.78 2.1 0.006 0.77 17.3 - 0.31 1 4.9

Source
Pacey (2016) NP13AP243 17.9 2 8 0.003 4.24 <0.0005 50.6 0.27 0.7 4.04 1 1605 0.3 0.58 0.02 2.76 <0.5 0.31 0.93 189 1 18.7 2.02 88 77
Pacey (2016) NP13AP244 17.0 4 10 0.003 4.15 <0.0005 50.6 0.22 0.8 3.91 1 1535 0.2 0.55 0.02 2.51 <0.5 0.32 0.89 183 2 18.2 1.92 89 75
Pacey (2016) NP13AP245 18.1 3 9 0.004 4.44 <0.0005 56.2 0.39 0.7 4.31 1 736 0.2 0.59 0.03 2.39 <0.5 0.30 0.62 179 4 19.8 1.96 58 68
Pacey (2016) NP13AP246 15.5 3 6 0.004 3.81 <0.0005 47.1 0.22 0.8 3.36 2 801 0.3 0.52 0.37 2.63 <0.5 0.28 1.00 196 3 17.4 1.71 86 73
Pacey (2016) NP13AP280 16.3 9 9 0.012 3.73 0.0005 23.3 0.47 0.6 3.89 1 1030 0.3 0.56 0.04 2.55 <0.5 0.29 1.19 314 2 18.8 2.07 110 75
Pacey (2016) NP13AP281 15.3 4 <2 0.009 3.60 0.0005 39.2 0.29 0.3 3.65 1 659 0.3 0.54 0.06 2.81 <0.5 0.29 1.92 209 2 17.1 2.04 86 90
Pacey (2016) NP13AP282 19.4 8 7 0.019 4.57 0.0012 46.9 0.32 0.5 4.73 1 1425 0.3 0.68 0.02 2.53 <0.5 0.40 1.20 264 1 22.8 2.55 127 85
Pacey (2016) NP13AP283 18.2 2 6 0.003 4.59 <0.0005 54.2 0.14 0.4 3.98 2 1265 0.5 0.54 0.01 4.07 <0.5 0.28 1.72 145 1 18.2 2.07 82 80
Pacey (2016) NP13AP287 9.3 <1 9 0.003 2.55 <0.0005 102.0 0.13 0.5 2.15 1 473 0.4 0.30 0.01 4.99 <0.5 0.24 2.30 44 1 11.9 1.69 73 238
Pacey (2016) NP13AP288 16.2 2 5 0.003 4.20 <0.0005 153.0 0.27 0.6 3.34 2 157 0.5 0.49 0.04 3.58 0.5 0.29 2.02 139 6 17.0 1.93 105 97
Pacey (2016) NP13AP289 15.6 1 10 0.003 3.91 <0.0005 110.0 0.35 0.6 3.50 2 524 0.5 0.49 0.03 3.47 <0.5 0.27 1.76 118 5 17.3 1.88 135 117
Pacey (2016) NP13AP290 16.1 2 9 0.003 3.98 <0.0005 83.2 0.22 0.7 3.72 1 841 0.3 0.49 0.01 3.40 <0.5 0.27 1.49 123 4 16.2 1.82 89 132
Pacey (2016) NP13AP291 16.2 1 10 0.002 3.99 <0.0005 65.9 0.18 0.6 3.55 1 724 0.4 0.50 0.02 2.22 <0.5 0.27 1.22 133 3 16.4 1.79 96 84
Pacey (2016) NP13AP292 13.5 3 11 0.002 3.32 <0.0005 63.4 0.17 0.5 2.82 1 961 0.4 0.40 0.02 2.20 <0.5 0.24 1.21 119 2 14.7 1.62 97 99
Pacey (2016) NP13AP293 14.5 2 10 0.002 3.74 <0.0005 61.7 0.13 0.4 3.34 1 1150 0.4 0.49 0.02 3.06 <0.5 0.26 1.38 134 2 15.8 1.78 89 90
Pacey (2016) NP13AP303 17.4 11 9 0.014 4.17 0.0011 37.1 0.30 0.5 4.10 1 1205 0.3 0.62 0.04 2.79 <0.5 0.33 2.52 295 3 20.8 2.29 50 87
Pacey (2016) NP13AP304 17.1 9 8 0.009 3.88 0.0009 19.5 0.68 0.4 3.91 2 1200 0.3 0.59 0.05 2.67 <0.5 0.27 1.61 380 2 17.9 1.84 54 82
355
Pacey (2016) NP13AP307 17.2 8 6 0.014 3.95 0.0012 38.6 0.53 0.6 4.33 1 1490 0.2 0.61 0.02 2.44 <0.5 0.32 1.70 322 2 19.6 2.13 105 74
Pacey (2016) NP13AP308 17.8 11 8 0.012 3.98 0.0012 33.8 0.42 0.5 4.35 1 1380 0.2 0.62 0.06 2.52 <0.5 0.32 1.53 298 3 19.5 2.11 146 74
Pacey (2016) NP13AP309 16.8 2 11 0.008 3.98 0.0006 25.2 0.47 0.6 3.80 1 1360 0.3 0.56 0.03 3.19 <0.5 0.31 0.72 201 3 18.1 1.90 91 88
Pacey (2016) NP13AP310 16.0 3 8 0.005 3.93 0.0005 65.6 0.29 0.6 3.91 2 1330 0.4 0.53 0.01 3.15 <0.5 0.30 0.71 213 2 18.7 1.96 93 94
Pacey (2016) NP13AP311 17.2 4 11 0.008 4.14 0.0005 54.2 0.34 0.4 3.97 2 1390 0.3 0.56 0.02 3.24 <0.5 0.33 1.40 221 2 18.2 1.99 112 98
Pacey (2016) NP13AP315 17.1 1 8 0.004 4.02 <0.0005 68.7 0.61 0.6 3.92 2 1740 0.3 0.55 0.02 2.72 <0.5 0.27 0.71 194 1 18.3 1.96 93 77
Pacey (2016) NP13AP316 17.2 2 6 0.004 4.32 <0.0005 48.0 0.39 0.5 4.06 1 1080 0.3 0.56 0.04 2.70 <0.5 0.33 0.60 199 2 17.9 1.75 42 75
Rio Tinto Ltd GR32 19.0 6 9 - 5.18 - 72.4 0.23 0.5 4.14 2 686 0.6 0.69 0.01 6.21 <0.5 0.47 2.66 76 2 28.5 3.15 59 158
Rio Tinto Ltd GR33 17.9 4 20 - 4.96 - 76.1 0.21 0.7 3.78 2 797 0.6 0.62 0.02 5.34 <0.5 0.37 2.69 80 2 23.0 2.54 92 148
Rio Tinto Ltd GR34 19.3 5 13 - 5.20 - 79.5 0.27 0.4 4.23 2 862 0.6 0.67 0.02 5.45 <0.5 0.38 2.80 113 3 24.4 2.41 67 148
Rio Tinto Ltd GR35 16.2 9 5 - 4.23 - 62.2 0.09 0.4 3.57 2 1350 0.4 0.57 0.03 3.73 <0.5 0.32 1.93 175 2 20.2 2.07 78 105
Rio Tinto Ltd GR36 14.7 4 5 - 4.00 - 53.3 0.11 0.5 3.21 1 756 0.5 0.48 0.02 4.89 <0.5 0.30 2.11 111 1 18.6 1.98 53 109
Rio Tinto Ltd GR37 14.7 6 4 - 3.98 - 53.2 0.09 0.4 3.11 1 830 0.4 0.49 0.01 3.84 <0.5 0.29 2.13 126 1 18.6 1.93 50 113
Rio Tinto Ltd GR38 14.7 5 5 - 4.09 - 66.5 0.07 0.3 3.19 1 814 0.5 0.50 0.01 4.17 <0.5 0.30 2.01 128 2 18.9 1.98 55 124
Rio Tinto Ltd GR39 13.9 6 7 - 3.70 - 40.4 0.10 0.6 3.21 1 942 0.4 0.51 0.08 3.18 <0.5 0.31 1.55 133 2 19.3 2.07 82 124
Rio Tinto Ltd GR40 10.9 3 8 - 2.92 - 56.0 0.10 0.5 2.40 1 831 0.4 0.38 0.04 2.67 <0.5 0.23 1.45 297 3 13.9 1.48 62 96
Rio Tinto Ltd GR41 12.5 3 21 - 3.21 - 59.8 0.10 0.7 2.85 1 599 0.4 0.45 0.05 3.80 <0.5 0.26 1.59 346 2 16.5 1.74 77 128
Rio Tinto Ltd GR42 15.2 2 7 - 4.08 - 100.5 0.11 0.5 3.28 1 661 0.4 0.50 0.02 3.88 <0.5 0.29 1.87 230 2 17.9 1.84 81 89
Rio Tinto Ltd GR43 15.4 17 20 - 3.84 - 62.8 0.67 0.8 3.79 1 884 0.3 0.61 0.03 2.65 <0.5 0.32 1.43 321 2 20.6 2.07 107 84

Source
Rio Tinto Ltd GR44 <0.5 5.4 - 600 0.06 <0.5 32.7 20 20 0.87 162 2.98 1.82 1.29 20.20 3.46 1.7 <0.005 0.67 17.9 - 0.26 <1 3.9
Rio Tinto Ltd GR45 <0.5 5.3 - 826 0.24 <0.5 39.4 13 20 1.25 383 3.49 2.19 1.34 21.70 3.80 2.2 0.008 0.78 21.5 - 0.33 <1 5.6
Rio Tinto Ltd GR46 <0.5 3.2 - 984 0.04 <0.5 33.9 16 20 1.46 206 3.70 2.20 1.38 20.40 4.04 1.8 0.016 0.84 18.8 - 0.31 1 4.4
Rio Tinto Ltd GR47 <0.5 2.6 - 713 0.03 <0.5 37.4 9 20 1.63 13 2.99 1.83 1.22 21.80 3.23 2.2 <0.005 0.66 20.8 - 0.27 3 5.6
Rio Tinto Ltd GR48 <0.5 1.1 - 691 0.06 <0.5 39.7 11 20 0.47 230 4.09 2.46 1.58 22.70 4.49 1.9 <0.005 0.90 22.1 - 0.33 1 5.1
Rio Tinto Ltd GR49 <0.5 1.5 - 1005 0.06 <0.5 46.5 12 20 0.41 129 3.34 1.99 1.54 21.00 3.76 2.1 0.005 0.75 26.6 - 0.32 <1 5.1
Rio Tinto Ltd GR50 <0.5 1.9 - 777 0.14 <0.5 42.4 11 20 0.50 36 3.34 1.99 1.56 21.20 3.89 1.5 <0.005 0.73 23.0 - 0.29 1 4.6
Rio Tinto Ltd GR51 <0.5 16.8 - 687 1.02 <0.5 31.5 42 30 0.18 56 3.52 2.17 1.38 20.20 3.85 1.9 0.007 0.79 16.7 - 0.32 1 4.1
Rio Tinto Ltd GR52 <0.5 115.0 - 665 1.06 <0.5 26.6 33 20 0.51 20 2.75 1.68 1.16 22.30 3.09 1.5 0.030 0.63 14.5 - 0.25 3 3.4
Rio Tinto Ltd GR53 <0.5 2.0 - 920 0.53 <0.5 56.3 14 20 0.51 118 3.74 2.09 1.72 19.70 4.41 2.1 <0.005 0.82 31.0 - 0.30 2 7.2
Rio Tinto Ltd GR54 <0.5 0.9 - 588 0.05 <0.5 54.1 5 20 0.73 65 3.48 2.35 1.05 20.90 3.65 3.4 <0.005 0.80 28.7 - 0.41 1 8.5
Rio Tinto Ltd GR55 <0.5 3.5 - 517 0.05 <0.5 42.8 5 40 0.37 35 3.18 2.26 0.75 19.80 3.14 5.2 <0.005 0.77 24.5 - 0.45 3 8.7
Rio Tinto Ltd GR56 <0.5 5.4 - 186 0.16 <0.5 35.9 11 20 0.82 10 2.77 1.73 1.13 20.90 2.99 2.3 <0.005 0.60 20.1 - 0.28 <1 5.5
Rio Tinto Ltd GR57 <0.5 4.2 - 438 0.05 <0.5 44.5 6 20 0.56 74 3.12 2.26 0.67 18.90 2.93 5.3 <0.005 0.75 25.5 - 0.47 3 10.0
Rio Tinto Ltd GR58 <0.5 2.1 - 900 0.13 <0.5 36.7 12 20 0.37 91 3.09 2.05 1.16 21.00 3.32 4.2 <0.005 0.71 20.7 - 0.37 1 6.3
Rio Tinto Ltd GR59 <0.5 5.8 - 820 0.09 <0.5 37.2 12 20 0.38 115 2.93 1.89 1.12 20.30 3.11 3.0 <0.005 0.67 20.8 - 0.32 3 5.9
Johnson (2011) A3 0.2 1.8 - 1413 <0.1 <0.1 13.4 4 - 0.30 735 1.74 1.28 0.49 12.60 1.55 6.3 0.020 0.40 6.4 - 0.29 3 11.5
356
Johnson (2011) A15 <0.1 58.7 - 496 <0.1 <0.1 28.3 30 - <0.1 204 2.75 1.44 0.95 12.50 3.19 2.0 <0.01 0.49 11.8 - 0.21 0 3.0
Johnson (2011) CS1 <0.1 0.8 - 1318 <0.1 <0.1 26.4 5 - 0.80 232 2.40 1.41 0.81 18.60 2.59 3.0 0.010 0.49 14.3 - 0.25 4 5.4
Johnson (2011) CS2 0.3 1.2 - 748 <0.1 <0.1 28.4 8 - 0.90 899 2.28 1.49 0.79 17.20 2.63 3.4 0.010 0.49 15.0 - 0.26 6 5.3
Johnson (2011) CS3 <0.1 1.0 - 1103 <0.1 <0.1 28.7 6 - 0.80 234 2.23 1.54 0.77 18.40 2.54 3.9 0.010 0.47 15.8 - 0.25 8 6.6
Johnson (2011) CS4 <0.1 0.7 - 1142 <0.1 <0.1 28.3 4 - 0.80 16 2.21 1.39 0.75 16.80 2.43 3.4 0.010 0.47 14.8 - 0.24 1 5.2
Johnson (2011) CS6 0.2 0.9 - 1092 <0.1 <0.1 28.6 6 - 0.70 1061 2.22 1.51 0.77 14.50 2.38 3.2 <0.01 0.45 15.7 - 0.25 28 5.3
Johnson (2011) CS8 0.3 0.8 - 873 0.10 <0.1 25.7 8 - 0.50 1104 2.26 1.35 0.69 17.60 2.15 3.3 <0.01 0.45 13.7 - 0.25 5 5.3
Johnson (2011) CS9 0.1 1.1 - 966 <0.1 <0.1 27.5 7 - <0.1 587 2.17 1.32 0.73 16.60 2.27 3.1 <0.01 0.45 15.1 - 0.24 5 5.7
Johnson (2011) CS10 0.1 1.1 - 972 <0.1 <0.1 29.3 10 - 0.40 421 2.50 1.55 0.85 18.50 2.69 3.6 <0.01 0.49 14.8 - 0.28 5 5.9
Johnson (2011) CS12 0.3 <0.5 - 809 <0.1 <0.1 24.3 5 - 0.30 2233 2.06 1.35 0.68 14.40 2.14 3.2 <0.01 0.43 13.7 - 0.23 14 5.0
Johnson (2011) CS13 0.6 <0.5 - 1108 0.30 <0.1 20.2 3 - 0.30 1617 1.60 1.16 0.56 15.60 1.62 2.7 0.010 0.39 11.2 - 0.19 11 5.0
Johnson (2011) CS15 1.1 1.2 - 1294 0.20 <0.1 20.5 4 - 0.20 3120 1.58 1.05 0.59 15.50 1.78 2.7 <0.01 0.33 11.8 - 0.19 5 5.0
Johnson (2011) CS17 1.0 1.1 - 1089 <0.1 <0.1 18.1 3 - 0.30 1407 1.67 1.09 0.45 16.90 1.52 2.4 <0.01 0.33 11.6 - 0.20 4 4.5
Johnson (2011) CS18 0.5 0.8 - 848 0.20 <0.1 19.3 2 - 0.30 893 1.04 0.80 0.39 15.70 1.21 3.2 <0.01 0.26 12.0 - 0.19 2 4.7
Johnson (2011) CS20 1.1 2.0 - 1111 0.10 <0.1 22.1 4 - 0.20 3443 1.96 1.21 0.68 16.10 2.14 2.2 <0.01 0.39 12.7 - 0.23 4 4.2
Johnson (2011) CS22 1.3 3.1 - 1102 0.20 <0.1 20.1 2 - <0.1 3528 1.47 1.01 0.54 15.20 1.67 2.1 0.020 0.33 11.7 - 0.19 17 4.1
Johnson (2011) CS23 0.6 1.1 - 1223 0.10 <0.1 24.2 3 - 0.10 1928 1.91 1.06 0.75 16.60 2.00 2.5 <0.01 0.36 13.8 - 0.21 7 4.8
Johnson (2011) CS24 0.3 3.4 - 1174 <0.1 <0.1 26.1 5 - 0.20 773 2.12 1.36 0.76 17.30 2.30 2.1 0.030 0.43 15.1 - 0.23 2 4.8
Johnson (2011) CS25 0.4 1.1 - 1155 <0.1 <0.1 25.8 4 - 0.30 1051 1.90 1.17 0.73 16.50 2.00 2.5 0.030 0.40 14.6 - 0.23 5 4.1

Source
Rio Tinto Ltd GR44 14.7 7 19 - 3.68 - 52.8 2.12 0.4 3.40 1 650 0.3 0.56 0.03 2.20 <0.5 0.28 1.15 268 2 18.4 1.70 152 68
Rio Tinto Ltd GR45 17.3 7 13 - 4.51 - 52.0 0.24 0.5 3.90 1 875 0.4 0.62 0.07 3.06 <0.5 0.33 1.16 220 2 21.9 2.09 111 93
Rio Tinto Ltd GR46 16.0 9 12 - 4.08 - 51.1 0.25 0.5 3.93 1 1000 0.3 0.64 0.02 2.35 <0.5 0.34 1.13 235 1 23.6 2.11 105 71
Rio Tinto Ltd GR47 16.0 4 12 - 4.15 - 74.9 0.21 0.3 3.49 1 772 0.4 0.51 0.01 3.21 <0.5 0.30 1.66 154 3 18.4 1.86 48 92
Rio Tinto Ltd GR48 18.0 2 14 - 4.58 - 36.5 0.12 0.5 4.20 1 999 0.3 0.72 0.02 2.54 <0.5 0.37 1.53 229 2 25.9 2.19 63 80
Rio Tinto Ltd GR49 19.1 2 11 - 5.06 - 56.2 0.11 0.4 4.07 1 846 0.4 0.60 0.01 2.93 <0.5 0.31 2.01 176 9 21.3 1.96 64 91
Rio Tinto Ltd GR50 18.8 3 11 - 4.87 - 47.7 0.16 0.4 4.23 1 1130 0.3 0.61 0.01 2.34 <0.5 0.30 0.99 158 2 21.2 1.83 53 59
Rio Tinto Ltd GR51 15.3 15 13 - 3.79 - 32.1 0.33 1.2 3.71 2 1110 0.3 0.62 0.55 2.23 <0.5 0.34 1.08 303 3 21.5 2.02 65 74
Rio Tinto Ltd GR52 12.8 7 14 - 3.15 - 28.6 0.40 2.2 3.06 1 1200 0.2 0.49 0.70 1.68 <0.5 0.26 1.01 282 5 16.9 1.54 70 60
Rio Tinto Ltd GR53 23.4 2 9 - 6.30 - 75.2 0.09 0.7 5.22 2 702 0.5 0.70 0.18 7.91 <0.5 0.33 1.87 138 11 22.2 2.00 26 84
Rio Tinto Ltd GR54 20.3 4 18 - 5.84 - 74.0 0.10 0.3 4.02 3 630 0.6 0.62 0.02 5.12 <0.5 0.39 2.73 126 7 23.4 2.61 84 137
Rio Tinto Ltd GR55 15.8 2 13 - 4.56 - 101.5 0.16 0.3 3.35 1 395 0.7 0.55 0.03 7.46 <0.5 0.39 4.38 80 3 22.3 2.81 44 214
Rio Tinto Ltd GR56 15.1 4 15 - 4.09 - 32.3 0.18 0.3 3.21 1 697 0.4 0.50 0.16 2.65 <0.5 0.27 1.20 134 3 17.1 1.76 133 102
Rio Tinto Ltd GR57 16.0 2 14 - 4.64 - 100.5 0.21 0.3 3.23 1 393 0.8 0.51 0.03 8.39 <0.5 0.39 4.44 64 2 22.6 2.89 44 207
Rio Tinto Ltd GR58 15.7 1 22 - 4.09 - 75.5 0.25 0.3 3.51 1 979 0.5 0.56 0.04 4.45 <0.5 0.33 2.26 155 3 20.5 2.35 195 186
Rio Tinto Ltd GR59 15.5 3 18 - 4.16 - 72.2 0.19 0.4 3.40 1 1090 0.4 0.52 0.04 3.57 <0.5 0.30 1.77 157 4 18.9 1.95 130 128
Johnson (2011) A3 7.0 1 4 - 1.63 - 72.4 0.10 <0.5 1.62 <1 499 1.0 0.26 - 9.90 <0.1 0.24 4.20 18 3 11.7 1.72 13 193
357
Johnson (2011) A15 18.7 85 2 - 3.87 - 26.2 <0.1 <0.5 3.55 <1 811 <0.1 0.48 - 3.60 <0.1 0.22 0.70 220 2 14.2 1.35 94 64
Johnson (2011) CS1 12.5 3 2 - 3.20 - 54.2 <0.1 <0.5 2.61 <1 910 0.2 0.40 - 3.70 <0.1 0.23 1.70 113 2 13.9 1.69 63 105
Johnson (2011) CS2 13.3 3 3 - 3.39 - 62.6 <0.1 <0.5 2.77 <1 661 0.2 0.42 - 3.20 <0.1 0.24 2.00 110 2 14.6 1.75 88 120
Johnson (2011) CS3 14.2 2 2 - 3.41 - 51.3 <0.1 <0.5 2.77 <1 866 0.2 0.40 - 3.90 <0.1 0.23 1.70 120 2 13.7 1.62 93 123
Johnson (2011) CS4 12.9 2 1 - 3.33 - 59.5 <0.1 <0.5 2.68 <1 793 0.2 0.39 - 3.30 <0.1 0.23 1.50 103 2 14.0 1.61 106 111
Johnson (2011) CS6 14.2 3 2 - 3.40 - 74.2 <0.1 <0.5 2.64 1 792 0.2 0.37 - 4.20 <0.1 0.23 2.40 99 4 13.3 1.56 144 107
Johnson (2011) CS8 11.5 3 3 - 2.98 - 72.3 <0.1 0.9 2.54 <1 620 0.3 0.37 - 4.00 <0.1 0.24 2.00 104 2 13.1 1.70 59 112
Johnson (2011) CS9 12.5 3 7 - 3.19 - 68.8 <0.1 <0.5 2.55 <1 1083 0.4 0.35 - 4.40 <0.1 0.23 1.90 102 2 12.7 1.54 42 95
Johnson (2011) CS10 13.4 3 4 - 3.48 - 61.5 <0.1 1.0 2.82 <1 1102 0.2 0.42 - 4.00 <0.1 0.26 2.50 116 1 14.1 1.88 39 124
Johnson (2011) CS12 10.1 3 4 - 2.80 - 63.3 <0.1 1.4 2.41 3 978 0.3 0.34 - 3.70 <0.1 0.22 1.60 100 1 12.4 1.51 41 114
Johnson (2011) CS13 8.8 3 3 - 2.30 - 55.2 <0.1 1.6 1.88 <1 1101 0.3 0.28 - 3.00 <0.1 0.18 1.10 107 2 10.4 1.24 19 80
Johnson (2011) CS15 8.9 3 6 - 2.30 - 60.2 <0.1 2.7 1.86 2 1534 0.4 0.26 - 2.00 <0.1 0.18 1.20 112 2 9.7 1.25 80 89
Johnson (2011) CS17 7.8 2 6 - 2.00 - 52.9 <0.1 1.5 1.61 <1 944 0.1 0.27 - 2.30 <0.1 0.18 1.80 77 1 10.0 1.25 95 83
Johnson (2011) CS18 6.7 2 4 - 1.91 - 57.4 <0.1 1.1 1.21 1 562 <0.1 0.20 - 3.80 <0.1 0.15 1.40 59 1 7.6 1.15 32 98
Johnson (2011) CS20 11.2 3 7 - 2.62 - 51.3 <0.1 2.9 2.22 <1 1244 0.2 0.33 - 2.40 <0.1 0.20 1.30 103 1 10.8 1.43 59 84
Johnson (2011) CS22 9.6 2 6 - 2.42 - 62.1 <0.1 5.2 1.87 <1 933 0.1 0.27 - 2.20 <0.1 0.17 0.90 67 1 8.9 1.13 22 83
Johnson (2011) CS23 10.4 2 7 - 2.86 - 65.3 <0.1 1.7 2.23 1 1247 0.3 0.31 - 2.00 <0.1 0.20 1.30 114 1 11.6 1.38 39 81
Johnson (2011) CS24 11.6 2 6 - 3.10 - 56.0 <0.1 1.2 2.49 <1 1094 0.4 0.36 - 2.40 <0.1 0.23 1.10 109 <0.5 12.4 1.48 58 75
Johnson (2011) CS25 11.1 3 3 - 3.03 - 60.0 0.20 1.3 2.32 1 1223 0.3 0.33 - 2.70 <0.1 0.21 1.10 114 1 11.9 1.39 28 84

Source
Johnson (2011) CS26 0.3 1.5 - 1172 <0.1 <0.1 24.6 3 - 0.30 1060 1.88 1.14 0.67 17.70 1.78 2.7 <0.01 0.41 14.9 - 0.21 5 4.7
Johnson (2011) CS27 0.1 1.8 - 1065 <0.1 <0.1 22.1 5 - 0.80 366 2.10 1.15 0.64 16.40 2.01 2.7 <0.01 0.40 12.1 - 0.24 1 5.5
Johnson (2011) CS28 0.2 3.5 - 967 <0.1 <0.1 21.9 3 - 0.50 1242 1.52 1.09 0.53 16.40 1.44 3.4 0.010 0.34 13.2 - 0.22 21 5.9
Johnson (2011) CS29 0.7 1.7 - 1067 <0.1 <0.1 24.6 4 - 0.50 2280 1.97 1.19 0.61 16.20 2.16 2.9 <0.01 0.43 14.0 - 0.25 12 3.9
Johnson (2011) CS30 0.2 1.1 - 1184 <0.1 <0.1 23.5 6 - 0.50 533 1.80 1.21 0.64 16.10 1.87 2.4 <0.01 0.39 12.1 - 0.21 2 4.7
Johnson (2011) CS31 0.6 1.9 - 1201 <0.1 <0.1 20.2 4 - <0.1 2012 1.46 0.94 0.57 15.90 1.68 2.9 <0.01 0.33 11.3 - 0.19 7 4.7
Johnson (2011) CS32 0.6 0.9 - 1103 0.30 <0.1 20.2 5 - 0.20 1366 1.61 1.16 0.65 16.67 1.86 2.3 <0.01 0.35 11.9 - 0.19 1 4.5
Johnson (2011) CS33 0.7 0.9 - 1220 0.10 <0.1 18.2 5 - 0.20 2743 1.67 1.04 0.62 15.70 1.78 2.5 <0.01 0.35 10.9 - 0.18 2 4.5
Johnson (2011) CS34 0.5 0.6 - 1447 <0.1 <0.1 17.1 3 - 0.40 2409 1.66 0.99 0.54 12.80 1.74 2.4 <0.01 0.35 8.7 - 0.16 24 3.5
Johnson (2011) CS35 0.4 0.5 - 1168 0.10 <0.1 22.6 5 - 0.40 1380 1.94 1.26 0.61 16.40 1.95 2.5 <0.01 0.38 12.8 - 0.22 2 5.5
Johnson (2011) CS36 0.1 0.9 - 1050 <0.1 <0.1 24.4 7 - 0.10 689 2.13 1.40 0.68 17.10 2.04 2.6 <0.01 0.44 13.5 - 0.21 3 4.7
Johnson (2011) F21 <0.1 6.1 - 475 <0.1 <0.1 36.8 40 - 0.20 145 2.79 1.62 1.18 14.40 3.56 1.4 <0.01 0.57 17.2 - 0.21 0 4.8
Lickfold (2002) E22/2/271.1 - - - 1123 - - 23.0 - 2 - 3300 - - - - - - - - 9.0 - - - 6.0
Lickfold (2002) E22/228/636.4 - - - 453 - - 20.0 - 2 - 4900 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 7.0
Lickfold (2002) E26/284/340.8 - - - 697 - - 4.0 - 8 - 4700 - - - - - - - - <2 - - - 3.0
Lickfold (2002) E26/295/385.3 - - - 784 - - 30.0 - 3 - 7300 - - - - - - - - 12.0 - - - 4.0
Lickfold (2002) E27/248/382.7 - - - 758 - - 5.0 - 1 - 5700 - - - - - - - - <2 - - - 2.0
358
Lickfold (2002) E27/E/14 - - - 1460 - - 15.0 - <1 - 684 - - - - - - - - 4.0 - - - 4.0
Lickfold (2002) E48/15/449.0 - - - 689 - - 8.0 - 2 - 14600 - - - - - - - - 2.0 - - - 1.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-1 - - - 374 - - 36.0 - 2 0.46 744 3.10 2.14 0.62 - 2.80 5.4 - 0.68 19.3 - 0.42 1 11.3
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1759.6 - - - 746 - - 38.0 - 3 - 1500 - - - - - - - - 16.0 - - - 8.7
Lickfold (2002) E26/189/390.8 - - - 780 - - 24.0 - 6 - 10300 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 6.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-14 - - - 742 - - 29.1 - 5 0.22 5200 2.63 1.65 0.87 - 2.80 3.1 - 0.55 15.3 - 0.26 2 6.7
Lickfold (2002) VL-5 - - - 314 - - 35.5 - 3 0.42 778 3.03 2.09 0.82 - 3.00 3.9 - 0.64 18.8 - 0.36 5 9.5
Lickfold (2002) E48/15W1/890.3 - - - 683 - - 34.0 - 3 - 4300 - - - - - - - - 16.0 - - - 6.0
Lickfold (2002) E48/7/76.1 - - - 798 - - 36.0 - 4 - 1102 - - - - - - - - 18.0 - - - 7.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-9 - - - 587 - - 37.2 - 3 1.08 442 3.00 1.91 0.99 - 3.15 3.5 - 0.61 21.1 - 0.33 2 7.8
Lickfold (2002) E22/39/581.0 - - - 1470 - - 32.0 - 3 - 786 - - - - - - - - 11.0 - - - 4.5
Lickfold (2002) E22/229/685.2 - - - 739 - - 22.6 - 3 0.70 3800 1.74 1.18 0.70 - 1.83 2.6 - 0.37 12.9 - 0.21 13 5.6
Lickfold (2002) VL-2 - - - 1102 - - 23.0 - 2 - 5200 - - - - - - - - 9.0 - - - 3.8
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1638.6 - - - 1097 - - 25.0 - 4 - 595 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 4.7
Lickfold (2002) E26/284/249.0 - - - 960 - - 21.0 - 3 - 5300 - - - - - - - - 7.0 - - - 3.7
Lickfold (2002) E26/132W2/765.6 - - - 1263 - - 25.0 - 2 - 541 - - - - - - - - 11.0 - - - 3.2
Lickfold (2002) VL-15 - - - 1204 - - 26.4 - 2 0.20 3400 2.01 1.30 0.72 - 2.10 2.1 - 0.43 15.0 - 0.23 2 4.9
Lickfold (2002) E27/S/1 - - - 1053 - - 24.0 - 2 - 581 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 3.8
Lickfold (2002) VL-6 - - - 303 - - 24.0 - 3 0.59 590 1.98 1.34 0.76 - 2.02 1.9 - 0.44 12.6 - 0.24 1 4.6

Source
Johnson (2011) CS26 10.6 2 5 - 2.88 - 66.0 <0.1 1.1 2.16 1 1220 0.3 0.32 - 2.60 <0.1 0.20 1.10 108 1 10.8 1.44 84 93
Johnson (2011) CS27 10.1 3 2 - 2.67 - 62.0 <0.1 <0.5 2.16 3 964 0.3 0.34 - 2.40 <0.1 0.22 1.20 113 <0.5 11.5 1.45 16 97
Johnson (2011) CS28 8.4 2 5 - 2.38 - 66.7 <0.1 1.1 1.90 <1 818 0.4 0.26 - 4.90 <0.1 0.18 2.30 66 1 10.4 1.36 15 96
Johnson (2011) CS29 10.6 3 3 - 2.80 - 66.2 <0.1 1.7 2.37 <1 1158 0.3 0.35 - 2.20 <0.1 0.23 2.60 147 1 11.7 1.48 14 93
Johnson (2011) CS30 10.3 2 2 - 2.80 - 70.4 <0.1 0.7 2.18 1 1231 0.3 0.29 - 2.60 <0.1 0.20 1.50 102 1 11.1 1.32 36 79
Johnson (2011) CS31 9.4 3 5 - 2.28 - 70.7 0.30 1.9 1.73 2 861 0.4 0.26 - 2.70 <0.1 0.18 1.30 84 1 9.9 1.25 22 107
Johnson (2011) CS32 8.5 3 3 - 2.32 - 54.7 <0.1 0.7 2.05 <1 988 0.4 0.28 - 2.50 <0.1 0.18 1.10 104 2 10.9 1.17 38 76
Johnson (2011) CS33 8.2 3 3 - 2.18 - 61.4 0.10 1.8 1.83 <1 976 0.3 0.29 - 2.10 <0.1 0.17 0.90 115 1 10.7 1.15 58 90
Johnson (2011) CS34 8.1 3 5 - 2.05 - 89.1 <0.1 2.2 1.87 1 547 0.3 0.29 - 2.90 <0.1 0.16 1.30 72 8 10.5 1.09 39 76
Johnson (2011) CS35 9.4 3 2 - 2.55 - 58.5 <0.1 1.2 2.15 1 976 0.4 0.33 - 2.30 <0.1 0.21 1.70 102 1 12.6 1.37 44 91
Johnson (2011) CS36 10.9 3 2 - 2.92 - 53.5 <0.1 0.7 2.38 <1 1039 0.4 0.36 - 3.20 <0.1 0.24 1.60 100 <0.5 12.3 1.38 11 91
Johnson (2011) F21 19.9 171 3 - 4.64 - 25.7 <0.1 <0.5 4.21 <1 449 0.2 0.52 - 3.40 <0.1 0.24 0.80 235 <0.5 15.7 1.54 65 64
Lickfold (2002) E22/2/271.1 12.0 4 10 - - - 98.0 - - - - 385 - - - - - - - 83 - 18.0 - 94 127
Lickfold (2002) E22/228/636.4 9.0 2 5 - - - 76.8 - - - - 478 - - - - - - - 93 - 13.0 - 112 125
Lickfold (2002) E26/284/340.8 2.0 1 8 - - - 83.3 - - - - 457 - - - - - - - 47 - 14.0 - 10 68
Lickfold (2002) E26/295/385.3 18.0 1 6 - - - 75.4 - - - - 938 - - - - - - - 99 - 20.0 - 37 68
Lickfold (2002) E27/248/382.7 2.0 <1 2 - - - 77.1 - - - - 142 - - - - - - - 29 - 3.0 - 8 68
359
Lickfold (2002) E27/E/14 6.0 <1 5 - - - 103.7 - - - - 462 - - - - - - - 28 - 10.0 - 13 106
Lickfold (2002) E48/15/449.0 4.0 <1 3 - - - 34.5 - - - - 208 - - - - - - - 23 - 3.0 - 11 27
Lickfold (2002) VL-1 15.5 1 8 - 4.22 - 98.3 0.43 - 3.20 2 355 1.1 0.49 - 7.09 - - 3.06 56 - 21.0 2.58 36 216
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1759.6 19.0 2 7 - - - 71.0 - - - - 550 - - - - - - - 72 - 22.0 - 39 174
Lickfold (2002) E26/189/390.8 13.0 4 8 - - - 77.7 - - - - 675 - - - - - - - 194 - 14.0 - 45 94
Lickfold (2002) VL-14 14.6 4 8 - 3.59 - 73.5 0.05 - 3.05 1 1291 0.6 0.43 - 4.45 - - 1.12 148 - 17.4 1.68 48 124
Lickfold (2002) VL-5 16.6 1 5 - 4.27 - 84.3 0.19 - 3.34 3 566 0.9 0.48 - 5.29 - - 2.41 87 - 22.0 2.29 50 170
Lickfold (2002) E48/15W1/890.3 16.0 2 4 - - - 80.4 - - - - 404 - - - - - - - 115 - 17.0 - 82 106
Lickfold (2002) E48/7/76.1 19.0 3 5 - - - 59.7 - - - - 625 - - - - - - - 159 - 18.0 - 56 128
Lickfold (2002) VL-9 17.2 2 5 - 4.45 - 71.9 0.31 - 3.67 2 496 0.8 0.50 - 4.36 - - 1.3 125 - 17.2 2.06 60 138
Lickfold (2002) E22/39/581.0 16.0 1 7 - - - 62.0 - - - - 1058 - - - - - - - 88 - 13.0 - 48 74
Lickfold (2002) E22/229/685.2 10.2 2 16 - 2.62 - 80.1 0.36 - 1.95 1 1478 0.7 0.28 - 2.72 - - 0.97 113 - 12.5 1.30 59 105
Lickfold (2002) VL-2 12.0 1 4 - - - 68.0 - - - - 731 - - - - - - - 78 - 10.0 - 40 73
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1638.6 11.0 4 5 - - - 51.0 - - - - 1362 - - - - - - - 92 - 11.0 - 16 85
Lickfold (2002) E26/284/249.0 11.0 3 5 - - - 53.0 - - - - 777 - - - - - - - 100 - 9.0 - 52 81
Lickfold (2002) E26/132W2/765.6 12.0 2 5 - - - 51.0 - - - - 1302 - - - - - - - 76 - 11.0 - 40 74
Lickfold (2002) VL-15 11.8 1 8 - 3.07 - 51.1 0.20 - 2.30 0 991 0.6 0.33 - 1.98 - - 0.77 72 - 13.8 1.41 28 85
Lickfold (2002) E27/S/1 11.0 1 4 - - - 55.0 - - - - 671 - - - - - - - 75 - 11.0 - 19 78
Lickfold (2002) VL-6 11.3 1 4 - 2.88 - 59.1 0.15 - 2.22 2 515 0.5 0.32 - 1.46 - - 0.68 78 - 13.8 1.46 20 81

Source
Lickfold (2002) E48/13/69.5 - - - 789 - - 17.0 - 2 - 1156 - - - - - - - - 8.0 - - - 5.0

Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1284.8 - - - 1178 - - 42.0 - 13 - 34 - - - - - - - - 20.0 - - - 7.9
Lickfold (2002) E22/6/153.8 - - - 2818 - - 26.0 - 3 - 8200 - - - - - - - - 7.0 - - - 3.0
Lickfold (2002) E22/205/325.8 - - - 1034 - - 25.0 - 2 - 2900 - - - - - - - - 11.0 - - - 4.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-3 - - - 458 - - 14.6 - 1 0.44 795 0.86 0.65 0.30 - 0.80 2.9 - 0.20 9.1 - 0.17 1 5.3
Lickfold (2002) E26/286/173.2 - - - 1291 - - 25.0 - 3 - 3000 - - - - - - - - 9.0 - - - 3.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-16 - - - 1542 - - 21.7 - 6 0.69 3300 1.63 1.05 0.63 - 1.77 2.0 - 0.34 12.5 - 0.17 4 4.2
Lickfold (2002) E27/4/329.3 - - - 1309 - - 32.0 - 2 - 2300 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 4.3
Lickfold (2002) VL-7 - - 0.007 314 - - 25.2 - 1 0.53 227 1.48 1.01 0.58 - 1.60 2.2 - 0.33 14.7 - 0.21 1 4.9
Lickfold (2002) E48/11/495.4 - - 0.012 1258 - - 25.0 - 2 - 6100 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 4.0
Lickfold (2002) E48/13W2/816.7 - - 0.009 622 - - 23.0 - 3 - 2500 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 3.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-11 - - 0.009 776 - - 11.2 - 1 0.19 5500 1.22 0.85 0.41 - 1.10 2.0 - 0.28 5.9 - 0.17 5 3.9
Lickfold (2002) E22/205/353.3 - - 0.003 583 - - 19.0 - 2 - 2200 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 5.2
Lickfold (2002) E22/228/613.1 - - 0.001 952 - - 11.0 - 5 - 1000 - - - - - - - - 8.0 - - - 4.0
Lickfold (2002) E22/8/237.7 - - 0.013 989 - - 13.0 - <1 - 4600 - - - - - - - - 6.0 - - - 5.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-4 - - 0.017 791 - - 10.1 - 2 0.69 7000 0.88 0.61 0.37 - 0.89 2.5 - 0.19 6.1 - 0.15 1 5.0
Lickfold (2002) E26/287/132.6 - - 0.017 639 - - 29.0 - 2 - 4300 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 5.2
360
Lickfold (2002) E26/184/134.5 - - 0.044 734 - - 6.0 - 3 - 8800 - - - - - - - - 2.0 - - - 2.1
Lickfold (2002) E26/287/139.4 - - 0.019 790 - - 14.0 - 3 - 11300 - - - - - - - - 4.0 - - - 3.5
Lickfold (2002) E26/284/212.7 - - 0.016 916 - - 11.0 - 2 - 12700 - - - - - - - - 2.0 - - - 3.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-17 - - 0.073 851 - - 6.8 - 2 0.20 21100 0.74 0.52 0.33 - 0.77 2.8 - 0.15 4.1 - 0.12 1 4.4
Lickfold (2002) VL-19 - - 0.048 817 - - 13.4 - 3 0.70 6300 1.10 0.74 0.53 - 1.15 2.1 - 0.24 8.4 - 0.15 3 3.2
Lickfold (2002) VL-8 - - 0.016 905 - - 19.0 - 2 - 2300 - - - - - - - - 5.0 - - - 3.6
Lickfold (2002) E48/2/236.4 - - 0.108 1794 - - 24.0 - 2 - 13200 - - - - - - - - 7.0 - - - 3.0
Lickfold (2002) E48/13W2/703.8 - - 0.173 1311 - - 23.0 - 2 - 6600 - - - - - - - - 9.0 - - - 4.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-12 - - 0.070 655 - - 8.3 - 1 0.30 12300 0.64 0.50 0.36 - 0.62 1.9 - 0.14 4.8 - 0.11 1 3.3
Lickfold (2002) E27/386/185.8 - - 0.020 284 - - 25.0 - 781 - 88 - - - - - - - - 12.0 - - - 1.6
Lickfold (2002) VL-13 - - 0.049 867 - - 34.5 - 4 0.18 329 3.27 1.91 1.26 - 3.69 2.1 - 0.65 18.0 - 0.27 2 5.0
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1777.5 - - 0.009 1064 - - 35.0 - 4 - 10 - - - - - - - - 19.0 - - - 7.0
Lickfold (2002) VL-18 - - 0.026 1582 - - 29.2 - 2 0.45 9 1.93 1.30 0.75 - 1.93 2.0 - 0.42 17.0 - 0.23 1 4.1
Lickfold (2002) VL8-1 - - 0.040 818 - - 31.0 - 3 - 198 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 6.0
Lickfold (2002) VL7-2 - - 0.017 561 - - 48.0 - 7 - 163 - - - - - - - - 20.0 - - - 6.0
Lickfold (2002) VL5-1 - - 0.078 677 - - 28.0 - 8 - 180 - - - - - - - - 16.0 - - - 3.0
Lickfold (2002) VLM-1 - - 0.034 830 - - 47.0 - 6 - 122 - - - - - - - - 21.0 - - - 12.0
Lickfold (2002) VL11-1 - - 0.054 1036 - - 41.0 - 4 - 42 - - - - - - - - 19.0 - - - 7.0
Lickfold (2002) VL10-1 - - 0.052 1428 - - 258.0 - 2 - 57 - - - - - - - - 146.0 - - - 9.0

Source
Lickfold (2002) E48/13/69.5 9.0 1 9 - - - 55.3 - - - - 399 - - - - - - - 95 - 9.0 - 32 96

Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1284.8 21.0 8 6 - - - 123.0 - - - - 715 - - - - - - - 171 - 17.0 - 122 88
Lickfold (2002) E22/6/153.8 17.0 2 13 - - - 69.0 - - - - 595 - - - - - - - 83 - 9.0 - 105 68
Lickfold (2002) E22/205/325.8 12.0 1 4 - - - 53.7 - - - - 705 - - - - - - - 83 - 11.0 - 47 73
Lickfold (2002) VL-3 5.1 <1 8 - 1.49 - 84.3 0.19 - 0.87 1 287 0.9 0.13 - 5.33 - - 2.33 45 - 6.5 0.92 39 101
Lickfold (2002) E26/286/173.2 10.0 2 6 - - - 49.9 - - - - 1030 - - - - - - - 100 - 11.0 - 23 81
Lickfold (2002) VL-16 9.8 1 6 - 2.51 - 57.4 0.07 - 1.92 0 1209 0.6 0.27 - 1.73 - - 0.53 95 - 10.5 1.08 22 79
Lickfold (2002) E27/4/329.3 14.0 1 3 - - - 59.0 - - - - 1022 - - - - - - - 83 - 11.0 - 32 77
Lickfold (2002) VL-7 9.9 1 4 - 2.78 - 73.8 0.19 - 1.84 2 496 0.6 0.25 - 3.09 - - 1.24 55 - 9.6 1.26 31 75
Lickfold (2002) E48/11/495.4 11.0 1 15 - - - 71.8 - - - - 304 - - - - - - - 88 - 8.0 - 27 71
Lickfold (2002) E48/13W2/816.7 11.0 2 <1.5 - - - 52.4 - - - - 303 - - - - - - - 64 - 10.0 - 16 73
Lickfold (2002) VL-11 5.3 1 8 - 1.35 - 85.5 2.67 - 1.13 2 261 0.8 0.19 - 1.80 - - 0.47 42 - 8.4 1.00 46 84
Lickfold (2002) E22/205/353.3 6.0 1 41 - - - 69.0 - - - - 357 - - - - - - - 25 - 7.0 - 51 109
Lickfold (2002) E22/228/613.1 5.0 1 7 - - - 67.8 - - - - 541 - - - - - - - 76 - 5.0 - 163 84
Lickfold (2002) E22/8/237.7 8.0 1 7 - - - 67.4 - - - - 343 - - - - - - - 38 - 5.0 - 59 88
Lickfold (2002) VL-4 4.5 1 27 - 1.17 - 87.5 72.22 - 0.91 1 736 0.7 0.14 - 3.19 - - 0.98 44 - 6.5 0.75 103 93
Lickfold (2002) E26/287/132.6 12.0 1 5 - - - 41.0 - - - - 819 - - - - - - - 83 - 12.0 - 36 92
361
Lickfold (2002) E26/184/134.5 4.0 2 10 - - - 75.0 - - - - 624 - - - - - - - 53 - 2.0 - 116 70
Lickfold (2002) E26/287/139.4 7.0 1 7 - - - 60.0 - - - - 772 - - - - - - - 72 - 7.0 - 25 84
Lickfold (2002) E26/284/212.7 2.0 1 10 - - - 66.5 - - - - 682 - - - - - - - 58 - 3.0 - 35 94
Lickfold (2002) VL-17 3.3 2 9 - 0.81 - 82.4 0.08 - 0.73 0 796 0.9 0.12 - 2.07 - - 0.64 86 - 4.9 0.63 41 110
Lickfold (2002) VL-19 5.8 2 5 - 1.48 - 72.0 0.37 - 1.22 0 416 0.5 0.19 - 1.40 - - 0.46 126 - 6.6 0.88 24 71
Lickfold (2002) VL-8 12.0 2 2 - - - 57.0 - - - - 557 - - - - - - - 116 - 11.0 - 17 74
Lickfold (2002) E48/2/236.4 9.0 2 4 - - - 40.9 - - - - 614 - - - - - - - 95 - 7.1 - 51 65
Lickfold (2002) E48/13W2/703.8 8.0 1 7 - - - 46.2 - - - - 248 - - - - - - - - - 7.0 - 91 76
Lickfold (2002) VL-12 3.4 2 3 - 0.90 - 48.5 0.73 - 0.68 2 181 0.6 0.11 - 1.23 - - 0.33 25 - 4.4 0.59 1016 73
Lickfold (2002) E27/386/185.8 13.0 203 3 - - - 25.0 - - - - 992 - - - - - - - 215 - 10.0 - 64 41
Lickfold (2002) VL-13 18.1 3 6 - 4.36 - 56.1 0.12 - 4.01 4 1671 0.5 0.56 - 2.14 - - 1.29 194 - 19.0 1.79 37 82
Lickfold (2002) E26/46/1777.5 13.0 2 17 - - - 77.9 - - - - 519 - - - - - - - 66 - 14.0 - 72 97
Lickfold (2002) VL-18 11.5 1 10 - 3.25 - 85.2 0.67 - 2.23 0 856 0.5 0.32 - 1.76 - - 0.98 71 - 12.5 1.48 38 15
Lickfold (2002) VL8-1 14.0 22 2 - - - 17.0 - - - - 1174 - - - - - - - 89 - 20.0 - 88 109
Lickfold (2002) VL7-2 26.0 4 4 - - - 32.0 - - - - 1090 - - - - - - - 142 - 17.0 - 76 95
Lickfold (2002) VL5-1 16.0 4 4 - - - 30.0 - - - - 1492 - - - - - - - 235 - 18.0 - 76 43
Lickfold (2002) VLM-1 24.0 5 8 - - - 80.0 - - - - 952 - - - - - - - 128 - 24.0 - 67 215
Lickfold (2002) VL11-1 19.0 2 10 - - - 86.6 - - - - 1013 - - - - - - - 89 - 20.0 - 68 124
Lickfold (2002) VL10-1 112.0 2 25 - - - 71.0 - - - - 858 - - - - - - - 75 - 30.0 - 35 138

Source
Lickfold (2002) VL10-3 - - 0.039 796 - - 31.1 - 3 0.30 49 2.91 1.99 0.90 - 2.81 3.4 - 0.64 18.8 - 0.37 2 7.5
Lickfold (2002) VL9-1 - - 0.011 263 - - 42.0 - 38 - 48 - - - - - - - - 19.0 - - - 4.0
Radclyffe (1995) RA100 - - 0.006 731 - - - - 2 - 207 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.0
Radclyffe (1995) RA0 - - - 653 - - - - 5 - 261 - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.0
Radclyffe (1995) EX425 - - - 593 - - - - 2 - 597 - - - - - - - - - - - - 15.0
Radclyffe (1995) EX525 - - - 812 - - - - 1 - 206 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.0
Radclyffe (1995) EX550 - - - 423 - - - - 2 - 239 - - - - - - - - - - - - 17.0
Radclyffe (1995) Monz3 - - - 601 - - - - 8 - 240 - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.0
Radclyffe (1995) Monz21 - - - 530 - - - - 5 - 83 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.0
Müller (1994) E26/38/149.3 - - - 810 - - 22 - - - 3560 - - - - - - - - 14.3 - - - 5.0
Müller (1994) E26/38/149.3 - - - 850 - - 20 - - - 4150 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 2.0
Wolfe (1994) E48/13W2/980.0 - - - 903 - - - - 2 - 2000 - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.4
Wolfe (1994) E48/15W1/1015.0 - - - 674 - - - - 5 - 641 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.0
Wolfe (1994) E26/31/150.0 - - - 828 - - - - 3 - 1300 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.0
Wolfe (1994) E48/2/290.0 - - - 811 - - - - 2 - 2200 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.5
Wolfe (1994) E48/7/300.0 - - - 978 - - - - 2 - 9200 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.5
Hall (1993) 15941 - - - 827 - - 32 - 5 - 164 - - - - - - - - 35.0 - - - 7.0
362
Hall (1993) 15939 - - - 296 - - 27.5 - 117 - 170 - - - - - - - - 20.4 - - - 6.0
Squires (1992) E27/4/223.0 - - - 514 - - 21 - 5 - 660 - - - - - - - - 14.0 - - - 6.0
Squires (1992) E27/4/366.1 - - - 1167 - - 5 - 4 - 47 - - - - - - - - 8.0 - - - 7.0
Squires (1992) E27/4/557.0 - - - 1165 - - 19 - 1 - 2548 - - - - - - - - 12.0 - - - 6.0
Squires (1992) E27/4/323.2 - - - 1337 - - 23 - 5 - 623 - - - - - - - - 14.0 - - - 5.0
Squires (1992) E27/4/444.3 - - - 1013 - - 22 - 4 - 1381 - - - - - - - - 12.0 - - - 6.0
Squires (1992) E27/4/492.0 - - - 1383 - - 21 - 7 - 2361 - - - - - - - - 17.0 - - - 6.0
Heithersay (1991) ACH119-3 - - - 1050 - - 32 - 10 - - - - - - - - - - 10.4 - - - 4.0
Heithersay (1991) E26/46/669.0-671.0 - - - 800 - - 32 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/48/389.0 - - - 850 - - 34 - 5 - - - - - - - - - - 11.7 - - - 3.0
Heithersay (1991) E26/40/565.0 - - - 800 - - 32 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26 DDH26 - - - 980 - - 23 - - - 3080 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/64/809.0 - - - 860 - - 31 - - - 3870 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/39/576.0 - - - 1110 - - 25 - 5 - 1190 - - - - - - - - 8.6 - - - 1.0
Heithersay (1991) E26/42/1112.0 - - - 1000 - - 26 - 5 - 211 - - - - - - - - 16.3 - - - 2.0
Heithersay (1991) E22 DDH6 - - - 1600 - - 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26 DDH46 - - - 845 - - 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/40/569.0 - - - 875 - - 32 - 5 - - - - - - - - - - 18.8 - - - 3.0
Heithersay (1991) Goonum. Hill - Dyke - - - 705 - - 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Source
Lickfold (2002) VL10-3 13.6 2 12 - 3.52 - 80.0 0.16 - 2.93 1 940 0.6 0.49 - 3.73 - - 1.97 83 - 17.2 2.29 66 115
Lickfold (2002) VL9-1 25.0 1 7 - - - 67.0 - - - - 984 - - - - - - - 325 - 17.0 - 61 83
Radclyffe (1995) RA100 - - 6 - - - 85.0 - - - - 942 - - - - - - - 136 - 14.0 - 32 1161
Radclyffe (1995) RA0 - - 6 - - - 75.0 - - - - 731 - - - - - - - 135 - 17.0 - 27 113
Radclyffe (1995) EX425 - - 45 - - - 89.0 - - - - 288 - - - - - - - 21 - 28.0 - 104 291
Radclyffe (1995) EX525 - - 10 - - - 54.0 - - - - 915 - - - - - - - 249 - 20.0 - 121 66
Radclyffe (1995) EX550 - - 20 - - - 99.0 - - - - 567 - - - - - - - 14 - 31.0 - 32 298
Radclyffe (1995) Monz3 - - 5 - - - 33.0 - - - - 952 - - - - - - - 204 - 21.0 - 64 105
Radclyffe (1995) Monz21 - - 3 - - - 14.0 - - - - 977 - - - - - - - 239 - 20.0 - 59 47
Müller (1994) E26/38/149.3 5.0 - 1 - - - 90.0 - - - - 680 - - - - - - - 120 - 16.0 - 77 100
Müller (1994) E26/38/149.3 4.0 - 1 - - - 70.0 - - - - 650 - - - - - - - 110 - 12.0 - 68 95
Wolfe (1994) E48/13W2/980.0 - - 2 - - - 65.0 - - - - 505 - - - - - - - - - 21.0 - 48 142
Wolfe (1994) E48/15W1/1015.0 - - 6 - - - 91.0 - - - - 749 - - - - - - - - - 17.0 - 48 120
Wolfe (1994) E26/31/150.0 - - 9 - - - 53.0 - - - - 484 - - - - - - - - - 12.0 - 33 72
Wolfe (1994) E48/2/290.0 - - 2 - - - 51.0 - - - - 558 - - - - - - - - - 12.0 - 42 72
Wolfe (1994) E48/7/300.0 - - 4 - - - 51.0 - - - - 596 - - - - - - - - - 8.0 - 30 69
Hall (1993) 15941 20.0 4 8 - - - 57.0 - - - - 1290 - - - - - - - 230 - 22.0 - 90 115
363
Hall (1993) 15939 11.2 41 6 - - - 18.0 - - - - 1081 - - - - - - - 224 - 18.0 - 80 96
Squires (1992) E27/4/223.0 12.0 7 6 - - - 64.0 - - - - 361 - - - - - - - 514 - 12.0 - 31 82
Squires (1992) E27/4/366.1 5.0 4 8 - - - 68.0 - - - - 443 - - - - - - - 44 - 7.0 - 22 96
Squires (1992) E27/4/557.0 12.0 5 5 - - - 50.0 - - - - 596 - - - - - - - 12 - 10.0 - 30 89
Squires (1992) E27/4/323.2 13.0 7 7 - - - 54.0 - - - - 721 - - - - - - - 86 - 12.0 - 27 86
Squires (1992) E27/4/444.3 11.0 6 7 - - - 59.0 - - - - 454 - - - - - - - 60 - 11.0 - 31 91
Squires (1992) E27/4/492.0 15.0 6 8 - - - 53.0 - - - - 543 - - - - - - - 73 - 11.0 - 29 63
Heithersay (1991) ACH119-3 10.7 5 18 - - - 67.0 - - - - 805 - - - - - - - - - 2.0 - 182 93
Heithersay (1991) E26/46/669.0-671.0 - - - - - - 9.0 - - - - 112 - - - - - - - - - - - 4220 -
Heithersay (1991) E26/48/389.0 11.0 5 11 - - - 58.0 - - - - 1060 - - - - - - - - - 2.0 - 1410 110
Heithersay (1991) E26/40/565.0 - - 7 - - - 79.0 - - - - 705 - - - - - - - - - - - 1240 90
Heithersay (1991) E26 DDH26 - - 9 - - - 47.0 - - - - 660 - - - - - - - - - - - - 63
Heithersay (1991) E26/64/809.0 - - 6 - - - 43.5 - - - - 1140 - - - - - - - - - - - - 76
Heithersay (1991) E26/39/576.0 7.5 5 7 - - - 48.5 - - - - 1060 - - - - - - - - - 2.0 - - 57
Heithersay (1991) E26/42/1112.0 11.6 5 11 - - - 67.0 - - - - 785 - - - - - - - - - 2.0 - - 65
Heithersay (1991) E22 DDH6 - - 10 - - - 74.0 - - - - 468 - - - - - - - - - - - 1680 76
Heithersay (1991) E26 DDH46 - - 7 - - - 62.0 - - - - 1530 - - - - - - - - - - - 2630 62
Heithersay (1991) E26/40/569.0 14.6 5 6 - - - 54.0 - - - - 840 - - - - - - - - - 4.0 - 6 75
Heithersay (1991) Goonum. Hill - Dyke - - 7 - - - 50.0 - - - - 895 - - - - - - - - - - - 139 94

Source
Heithersay (1991) Goonumbla Siding - - - 730 - - 15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Heithersay (1991) E26/26/227.6 - - - 1514 - - 24 - 15 - - - - - - - - - - 6.3 - - - 1.0
Heithersay (1991) E26/29/321.8 - - - 385 - - 25 - - - 2600 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/29/325.7 - - - 900 - - 34 - 5 - - - - - - - - - - 16.6 - - - 7.0
Heithersay (1991) E26/44/329.5 - - - 795 - - 51 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/44/393.0 - - - 440 - - 54 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/44/548.0 - - - 740 - - 43 - 15 - - - - - - - - - - 18.2 - - - 8.0
Heithersay (1991) E26/48/392.0 - - - 675 - - 43 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26/68/416.3 - - - 925 - - 80 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) Ring Dyke - - - 1010 - - 40 - 5 - - - - - - - - - - 20.2 - - - 9.0
Heithersay (1991) E31 Outcrop - - - 1050 - - 27 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) E26 South - - - 1050 - - 34 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heithersay (1991) ACH 967-106 - - - 875 - - 32 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Clarke (1990) M33/086 - - - 552 - - 40.6 - 2 - 10 - - - - - - - - 19.3 - - - 6.1
Clarke (1990) M33/142 - - - 70 - - 40.5 - 42 - 197 - - - - - - - - 21.3 - - - 4.3
Clarke (1990) M33/093 - - - 673 - - 106.4 - 7 - 176 - - - - - - - - 47.2 - - - 8.0
Clarke (1990) M33/100-C162 - - - 431 - - 50 - 12 - 170 - - - - - - - - 18.0 - - - 5.0
364
Clarke (1990) M33/102 - - - 579 - - 27.2 - 7 - 131 - - - - - - - - 12.1 - - - 5.0
Clarke (1990) M33/185 - - - 1691 - - 49.2 - - - 65 - - - - - - - - 26.1 - - - 5.0
Clarke (1990) M33/186 - - - 773 - - 33.2 - - - 433 - - - - - - - - 22.1 - - - 6.0
Clarke (1990) M33/228 - - - 823 - - 36.2 - 6 - 96 - - - - - - - - 17.1 - - - 5.0
Clarke (1990) M33/147 - - - 163 - - 28.6 - 8 - 66 - - - - - - - - 12.2 - - - 8.2
Clarke (1990) M33/148 - - - 448 - - 16.3 - 43 - 117 - - - - - - - - 13.2 - - - 1.0
Clarke (1990) M33/159 - - - 130 - - 28.6 - 50 - 148 - - - - - - - - 13.3 - - - 4.1
Clarke (1990) M33/150 - - - 384 - - 44 - 10 - 169 - - - - - - - - 15.4 - - - 7.2
Clarke (1990) M33/087-C11 - - - 823 - - 22 - 6 - 155 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 2.0
Clarke (1990) M33/089 - - - 831 - - 32 - 7 - 30 - - - - - - - - 17.0 - - - 6.0
Clarke (1990) M33/097 - - - 687 - - 46.5 - 10 - 196 - - - - - - - - 17.6 - - - 9.3
Clarke (1990) M33/158 - - - 903 - - 17 - - - 35 - - - - - - - - 12.0 - - - 4.0
Clarke (1990) M33/161 - - - 778 - - 32 - - - 6300 - - - - - - - - 21.0 - - - 5.0
Clarke (1990) M33/163 - - - 790 - - 34 - 10 - 440 - - - - - - - - 17.0 - - - 5.0
Clarke (1990) M33/172 - - - 1068 - - 23 - - - 125 - - - - - - - - 17.0 - - - 4.0
Clarke (1990) M33/173 - - - 1385 - - 58.2 - - - 41 - - - - - - - - 28.6 - - - 3.1
Clarke (1990) M33/175 - - - 1425 - - 36.9 - - - 164 - - - - - - - - 16.4 - - - 5.1
Clarke (1990) M33/190 - - - 1362 - - 56 - - - 35 - - - - - - - - 25.0 - - - 4.0
Clarke (1990) M33/167C8 - - - 784 - - 19 - - - 1400 - - - - - - - - 19.0 - - - 4.0

Source
Heithersay (1991) Goonumbla Siding - - 3 - - - 23.0 - - - - 1010 - - - - - - - - - - - 182 31

Heithersay (1991) E26/26/227.6 7.5 5 9 - - - 57.0 - - - - 1420 - - - - - - - - - 2.0 - 705 1
Heithersay (1991) E26/29/321.8 - - 14 - - - 105.0 - - - - 805 - - - - - - - - - - - 52 60
Heithersay (1991) E26/29/325.7 17.5 5 17 - - - 78.0 - - - - 730 - - - - - - - - - 8.0 - 1530 142
Heithersay (1991) E26/44/329.5 - - 16 - - - 108.0 - - - - 750 - - - - - - - - - - - 2270 152
Heithersay (1991) E26/44/393.0 - - 13 - - - 77.0 - - - - 580 - - - - - - - - - - - 1730 230
Heithersay (1991) E26/44/548.0 17.4 5 9 - - - 72.0 - - - - 535 - - - - - - - - - 14.0 - 481 197
Heithersay (1991) E26/48/392.0 - - 8 - - - 75.0 - - - - 535 - - - - - - - - - - - 3160 193
Heithersay (1991) E26/68/416.3 - - 22 - - - 84.0 - - - - 885 - - - - - - - - - - - 3030 177
Heithersay (1991) Ring Dyke 18.7 5 10 - - - 87.0 - - - - 895 - - - - - - - - - 6.0 - 104 112
Heithersay (1991) E31 Outcrop - - 10 - - - 55.0 - - - - 1240 - - - - - - - - - - - 595 82
Heithersay (1991) E26 South - - 19 - - - 63.0 - - - - 550 - - - - - - - - - - - 336 117
Heithersay (1991) ACH 967-106 - - 10 - - - 77.0 - - - - 670 - - - - - - - - - - - 109 117
Clarke (1990) M33/086 23.4 3 4 - - - 35.0 - - - - 1034 - - - - - - - - - 21.0 - 61 130
Clarke (1990) M33/142 27.7 7 3 - - - 1.0 - - - - 383 - - - - - - - - - 21.0 - 80 79
Clarke (1990) M33/093 62.2 3 7 - - - 53.0 - - - - 858 - - - - - - - - - 24.0 - 75 228
Clarke (1990) M33/100-C162 31.0 3 5 - - - 22.0 - - - - 968 - - - - - - - - - 21.0 - 100 104
365
Clarke (1990) M33/102 14.1 3 5 - - - 35.0 - - - - 1368 - - - - - - - - - 17.0 - 96 104
Clarke (1990) M33/185 24.1 3 7 - - - 63.0 - - - - 857 - - - - - - - - - 21.0 - 75 120
Clarke (1990) M33/186 21.1 3 5 - - - 63.0 - - - - 1157 - - - - - - - - - 24.0 - 75 136
Clarke (1990) M33/228 22.1 35 6 - - - 58.0 - - - - 1637 - - - - - - - - - 24.0 - 101 112
Clarke (1990) M33/147 17.3 3 4 - - - 1.0 - - - - 1231 - - - - - - - - - 29.0 - 82 126
Clarke (1990) M33/148 17.3 11 4 - - - 14.0 - - - - 1090 - - - - - - - - - 15.0 - 86 63
Clarke (1990) M33/159 12.3 11 10 - - - 1.0 - - - - 215 - - - - - - - - - 16.0 - 66 64
Clarke (1990) M33/150 23.6 3 7 - - - 6.0 - - - - 1176 - - - - - - - - - 24.0 - 82 116
Clarke (1990) M33/087-C11 21.0 3 5 - - - 30.0 - - - - 1739 - - - - - - - - - 19.0 - 90 78
Clarke (1990) M33/089 17.0 3 4 - - - 54.0 - - - - 1234 - - - - - - - - - 20.0 - 85 84
Clarke (1990) M33/097 25.8 3 13 - - - 74.0 - - - - 612 - - - - - - - - - 24.0 - 98 155
Clarke (1990) M33/158 12.0 3 4 - - - 87.0 - - - - 549 - - - - - - - - - 11.0 - 50 73
Clarke (1990) M33/161 20.0 3 11 - - - 74.0 - - - - 753 - - - - - - - - - 10.0 - 30 119
Clarke (1990) M33/163 19.0 3 7 - - - 55.0 - - - - 1395 - - - - - - - - - 22.0 - 105 120
Clarke (1990) M33/172 23.0 5 4 - - - 79.0 - - - - 1131 - - - - - - - - - 24.0 - 135 102
Clarke (1990) M33/173 29.6 3 15 - - - 109.0 - - - - 714 - - - - - - - - - 23.0 - 77 152
Clarke (1990) M33/175 14.3 3 8 - - - 67.0 - - - - 1295 - - - - - - - - - 20.0 - 72 123
Clarke (1990) M33/190 33.0 3 14 - - - 102.0 - - - - 710 - - - - - - - - - 25.0 - 75 146
Clarke (1990) M33/167C8 19.0 3 12 - - - 73.0 - - - - 875 - - - - - - - - - 16.0 - 35 111

Source
Clarke (1990) M33/169-C10 - - - 784 - - 25 - 9 - 460 - - - - - - - - 15.0 - - - 4.0

Clarke (1990) M33/020-C1 - - - 920 - - 44 - 8 - 105 - - - - - - - - 20.0 - - - 8.0
Clarke (1990) M33/088-C2 - - - 983 - - 52 - - - - - - - - - - - - 25.0 - - - 6.0
Clarke (1990) M33/090-C3 - - - 848 - - 32 - 9 - 145 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 3.0
Clarke (1990) M33/157-C4 - - - 1196 - - 26 - 8 - 560 - - - - - - - - 19.0 - - - 3.0
Clarke (1990) M33/159-C5 - - - 755 - - 17 - 3 - 1550 - - - - - - - - 14.0 - - - 2.0
Clarke (1990) M33/160-C6 - - - 781 - - 14 - - - 6900 - - - - - - - - 6.0 - - - 3.0
Clarke (1990) M33/166-C7 - - - 1107 - - 20 - 4 - 350 - - - - - - - - 15.0 - - - 4.0
Clarke (1990) M33/168-C9 - - - 1107 - - 18 - - - 55 - - - - - - - - 20.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 GOO37 - - - 405 - - 28 - 1 - 2310 - - - - - - - - 14.0 - - - 10.0
AMIRA P425 GOO38 - - - 565 - - 34 - 1 - 2000 - - - - - - - - 18.0 - - - 8.0
AMIRA P425 GOO76 - - - 740 - - 38 - 1 - 2980 - - - - - - - - 19.0 - - - 8.0
AMIRA P425 E26/132/640.0 - - - 1210 - - 28 - 1 - 590 - - - - - - - - 14.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 GOO30 - - - 1160 - - 26 - 1 - 2310 - - - - - - - - 14.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 GOO31 - - - 1130 - - 22 - 2 - 1160 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 GOO32 - - - 1410 - - 24 - 1 - 685 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 GOO 48 - - - 1120 - - 24 - 1 - 545 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 4.0
366
AMIRA P425 GOO 65 - - - 1310 - - 50 - 12 - 23 - - - - - - - - 24.0 - - - 8.0
AMIRA P425 GOO 70 - - - 1410 - - 72 - 12 - 525 - - - - - - - - 35.0 - - - 8.0
AMIRA P425 GOO43 - - - 1010 - - 28 - 1 - 1140 - - - - - - - - 15.0 - - - 4.0
AMIRA P425 GOO52 - - - 975 - - 26 - 1 - 745 - - - - - - - - 14.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 GOO49 - - - 980 - - 26 - 1 - 835 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 GOO33 - - - 1090 - - 20 - 1 - 1840 - - - - - - - - 10.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 GOO66 - - - 840 - - 24 - 1 - 3 - - - - - - - - 14.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 GOO102 - - - 545 - - 60 - 6 - 156 - - - - - - - - 25.0 - - - 5.0
AMIRA P425 GOO103 - - - 725 - - 98 - 3 - 174 - - - - - - - - 39.0 - - - 11.0
AMIRA P425 GOO98 - - - 525 - - 58 - 6 - 191 - - - - - - - - 24.0 - - - 6.0
AMIRA P425 GOO99 - - - 900 - - 30 - 2 - 150 - - - - - - - - 16.0 - - - 6.0
AMIRA P425 GOO58 - - - 545 - - 52 - 7 - 284 - - - - - - - - 21.0 - - - 5.0
AMIRA P425 GOO90 - - - 590 - - 28 - 7 - 156 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 5.0
AMIRA P425 GOO87 - - - 760 - - 34 - 1 - 136 - - - - - - - - 16.0 - - - 6.0
AMIRA P425 GOO93 - - - 895 - - 34 - 6 - 194 - - - - - - - - 16.0 - - - 5.0
AMIRA P425 GOO88 - - - 570 - - 26 - 3 - 59 - - - - - - - - 12.0 - - - 3.0
AMIRA P425 E26/66/124.1 - - - 1280 - - 36 - 3 - 234 - - - - - - - - 18.0 - - - 6.0
AMIRA P425 E26/66/168.5 - - - 1220 - - 44 - 2 - 202 - - - - - - - - 24.0 - - - 7.0
AMIRA P425 E27/4/127.5 - - - 1070 - - 26 - 4 - 153 - - - - - - - - 13.0 - - - 3.0

Source
Clarke (1990) M33/169-C10 18.0 3 8 - - - 56.0 - - - - 1477 - - - - - - - - - 18.0 - 55 98

Clarke (1990) M33/020-C1 17.0 3 14 - - - 76.0 - - - - 1382 - - - - - - - - - 18.0 - 70 138
Clarke (1990) M33/088-C2 28.0 - 7 - - - 66.0 - - - - 717 - - - - - - - - - 25.0 - - 112
Clarke (1990) M33/090-C3 21.0 3 6 - - - 38.0 - - - - 2190 - - - - - - - - - 17.0 - 80 87
Clarke (1990) M33/157-C4 16.0 3 11 - - - 58.0 - - - - 1325 - - - - - - - - - 17.0 - 40 84
Clarke (1990) M33/159-C5 12.0 3 6 - - - 54.0 - - - - 502 - - - - - - - - - 12.0 - 45 66
Clarke (1990) M33/160-C6 11.0 3 8 - - - 57.0 - - - - 832 - - - - - - - - - 8.0 - 40 76
Clarke (1990) M33/166-C7 11.0 3 12 - - - 74.0 - - - - 1008 - - - - - - - - - 16.0 - 65 97
Clarke (1990) M33/168-C9 12.0 3 12 - - - 63.0 - - - - 743 - - - - - - - - - 12.0 - 35 69
AMIRA P425 GOO37 - 1 6 - - - 88.0 - - - - 281 - - - - - - - 41 - 16.0 - 24 215
AMIRA P425 GOO38 - 1 6 - - - 84.0 - - - - 459 - - - - - - - 51 - 18.0 - 31 181
AMIRA P425 GOO76 - 1 6 - - - 76.0 - - - - 419 - - - - - - - 91 - 17.0 - 52 138
AMIRA P425 E26/132/640.0 - 1 16 - - - 55.0 - - - - 1160 - - - - - - - 76 - 11.0 - 64 68
AMIRA P425 GOO30 - 1 4 - - - 45.5 - - - - 695 - - - - - - - 69 - 11.0 - 27 76
AMIRA P425 GOO31 - 1 4 - - - 46.0 - - - - 1130 - - - - - - - 77 - 11.0 - 24 75
AMIRA P425 GOO32 - 1 6 - - - 45.5 - - - - 1590 - - - - - - - 67 - 11.0 - 26 75
AMIRA P425 GOO 48 - 1 8 - - - 68.0 - - - - 835 - - - - - - - 62 - 10.0 - 41 77
367
AMIRA P425 GOO 65 - 7 10 - - - 130.0 - - - - 1160 - - - - - - - 156 - 17.0 - 124 91
AMIRA P425 GOO 70 - 6 10 - - - 133.0 - - - - 535 - - - - - - - 154 - 17.0 - 136 85
AMIRA P425 GOO43 - 1 9 - - - 49.5 - - - - 950 - - - - - - - 78 - 13.0 - 44 74
AMIRA P425 GOO52 - 1 3 - - - 56.0 - - - - 620 - - - - - - - 75 - 11.0 - 25 69
AMIRA P425 GOO49 - 1 2 - - - 52.0 - - - - 615 - - - - - - - 77 - 11.0 - 48 70
AMIRA P425 GOO33 - 1 2 - - - 48.5 - - - - 615 - - - - - - - 81 - 9.0 - 19 77
AMIRA P425 GOO66 - 1 13 - - - 63.0 - - - - 690 - - - - - - - 61 - 10.0 - 32 78
AMIRA P425 GOO102 - 5 4 - - - 37.5 - - - - 815 - - - - - - - 161 - 21.0 - 73 110
AMIRA P425 GOO103 - 1 7 - - - 42.0 - - - - 282 - - - - - - - 98 - 32.0 - 99 212
AMIRA P425 GOO98 - 3 5 - - - 32.0 - - - - 1230 - - - - - - - 166 - 19.0 - 85 1080
AMIRA P425 GOO99 - 4 6 - - - 54.0 - - - - 1170 - - - - - - - 182 - 18.0 - 79 96
AMIRA P425 GOO58 - 5 5 - - - 21.5 - - - - 1070 - - - - - - - 160 - 18.0 - 87 102
AMIRA P425 GOO90 - 5 6 - - - 41.5 - - - - 1070 - - - - - - - 167 - 17.0 - 124 79
AMIRA P425 GOO87 - <1 8 - - - 50.0 - - - - 950 - - - - - - - 152 - 21.0 - 76 97
AMIRA P425 GOO93 - 9 9 - - - 59.0 - - - - 1400 - - - - - - - 200 - 19.0 - 84 85
AMIRA P425 GOO88 - 2 2 - - - 21.5 - - - - 1220 - - - - - - - 201 - 18.0 - 71 44
AMIRA P425 E26/66/124.1 17.0 2 8 - - - 62.0 - - - - 1430 - - - - - - - 176 - 21.0 - 80 94
AMIRA P425 E26/66/168.5 18.0 1 10 - - - 78.0 - - - - 785 - - - - - - - 101 - 23.0 - 58 115
AMIRA P425 E27/4/127.5 24.0 7 3 - - - 52.0 - - - - 1680 - - - - - - - 254 - 18.0 - 49 57

Source
AMIRA P425 E27/4/154.6 - - - 925 - - 30 - 4 - 183 - - - - - - - - 14.0 - - - 3.0

AMIRA P425 GOO95 - - - 1120 - - 34 - 9 - 143 - - - - - - - - 16.0 - - - 5.0
AMIRA P425 GOO104 - - - 885 - - 36 - 2 - 76 - - - - - - - - 17.0 - - - 8.0
AMIRA P425 GOO96 - - - 860 - - 34 - 2 - 50 - - - - - - - - 17.0 - - - 6.0
AMIRA P425 GOO97 - - - 840 - - 36 - 3 - 10 - - - - - - - - 17.0 - - - 6.0
AMIRA P425 GOO92 - - - 635 - - 36 - 2 - 62 - - - - - - - - 17.0 - - - 11.0
North Ltd 1503-42/61.0 - - - 365 - - - - 27 - 29 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.5
North Ltd 1503-42/63 - - - 68 - - - - 12 - 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5
North Ltd 1503-49/91.5 - - - 203 - - - - 258 - 104 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.8
North Ltd GPR9724 - - - 543 - - 70 - 15 - 64 - - - - - - - - 27.0 - - - 10.0
North Ltd 1503-25/39.6 - - - 735 - - - - 4 - 173 - - - - - - - - - - - - 10.9
North Ltd 1503-16/68.2 - - - 485 - - - - 54 - 155 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.5
North Ltd E33H1-83.8 - - - 460 - - - - 146 - 144 - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.2
North Ltd 10-22-1 - - - 771.03 - - 32.73 - 4 1.10 181 3.47 2.14 1.25 - 4.13 3.0 - 0.74 17.2 - 0.33 1 8.4
North Ltd 10-22-13 - - - 1233 - - - - 3 - 156 - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.4
North Ltd 10-22-2 - - - 818 - - - - 4 - 166 - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.5
North Ltd 10-22-5 - - - 966 - - - - 4 - 124 - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.3
368
North Ltd GPR9530 - - - 1137 - - 53.6 - 14 - 43 - - - - - - - - 23.3 - - - 10.1
North Ltd GPR9547 - - - 836 - - 33.2 - 8 - 233 - - - - - - - - 17.1 - - - 9.1
North Ltd 10-22-12 - - - 652.08 - - 38.52 - 2 0.32 14 3.59 2.27 1.15 - 3.70 3.8 - 0.77 20.9 - 0.37 1 8.9
North Ltd 10-22-6 - - - 1242 - - - - 3 - 26 - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.2
North Ltd E26/153/120.5 - - - 3.45 - - - - 2 - 16 - - - - - - - - 28.0 - - - 241.0
NSW SPIRT Project E48/2/295.1 - - - 545 - - 18 - 3 - 6800 - - - - - - - - 7.0 - - - 3.0
NSW SPIRT Project E37H3-245.2 - - - 988 - - - - 5 - 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.1
NSW SPIRT Project N40 - - - 163.09 - - 36.39 - 72 0.00 26 4.74 2.77 1.50 - 5.29 3.1 - 0.98 16.7 - 0.38 1 8.4
NSW SPIRT Project N42 - - - 180 - - 41.8 - 65 - 44 - - - - - - - - 18.0 - - - 8.7
NSW SPIRT Project N22 - - - 214 - - 34 - 87 - 53 - - - - - - - - 14.2 - - - 4.2

Source
AMIRA P425 E27/4/154.6 23.0 7 4 - - - 535.0 - - - - 1770 - - - - - - - 252 - 18.0 - 60 58

AMIRA P425 GOO95 - 10 9 - - - 65.0 - - - - 1210 - - - - - - - 194 - 17.0 - 78 68
AMIRA P425 GOO104 - 3 9 - - - 93.0 - - - - 990 - - - - - - - 102 - 18.0 - 57 119
AMIRA P425 GOO96 - 2 11 - - - 69.0 - - - - 615 - - - - - - - 84 - 17.0 - 59 134
AMIRA P425 GOO97 - 2 8 - - - 60.0 - - - - 1110 - - - - - - - 101 - 17.0 - 42 124
AMIRA P425 GOO92 - 1 7 - - - 47.5 - - - - 585 - - - - - - - 120 - 19.0 - 55 188
North Ltd 1503-42/61.0 - 18 3 - - - 45.0 - - - - 905 - - - - - - - 269 - 22.0 - 106 103
North Ltd 1503-42/63 - 12 2 - - - 5.0 - - - - 610 - - - - - - - 242 - 14.0 - 132 87
North Ltd 1503-49/91.5 - 72 4 - - - 14.0 - - - - 770 - - - - - - - 277 - 13.0 - 82 77
North Ltd GPR9724 36.0 7 268 - - - 20.0 - - - - 289 - - - - - - - 178 - 22.0 - 12 180
North Ltd 1503-25/39.6 - 2 9 - - - 44.0 - - - - 621 - - - - - - - 251 - 24.0 - 94 213
North Ltd 1503-16/68.2 - 16 8 - - - 22.0 - - - - 1155 - - - - - - - 256 - 18.0 - 98 82
North Ltd E33H1-83.8 - 40 4 - - - 22.0 - - - - 671 - - - - - - - 269 - 16.0 - 85 67
North Ltd 10-22-1 17.3 4 9 - 4.12 - 53.1 0.81 - 3.91 1 1273 0.5 0.59 - 3.73 - - 1.84 209 - 19.6 2.11 90 122
North Ltd 10-22-13 - 4 7 - - - 88.0 - - - - 3069 - - - - - - - 201 - 20.0 - 92 127
North Ltd 10-22-2 - 5 7 - - - 59.0 - - - - 1840 - - - - - - - 206 - 22.0 - 86 122
North Ltd 10-22-5 - 6 9 - - - 77.0 - - - - 1258 - - - - - - - 194 - 19.0 - 86 112
369
North Ltd GPR9530 23.3 3 14 - - - 95.0 - - - - 697 - - - - - - - 70 - 24.0 - 90 156
North Ltd GPR9547 19.1 4 10 - - - 66.0 - - - - 1658 - - - - - - - 169 - 22.0 - 78 118
North Ltd 10-22-12 18.6 2 15 - 4.70 - 69.8 8.65 - 4.10 2 500 0.5 0.60 - 4.84 - - 1.73 72 - 21.4 2.35 81 151
North Ltd 10-22-6 - 2 12 - - - 100.0 - - - - 624 - - - - - - - 66 - 23.0 - 94 146
North Ltd E26/153/120.5 - 1 542 - - - 542.0 - - - - 104 - - - - - - - 43 - 13.9 - 83 25
NSW SPIRT Project E48/2/295.1 10.0 1 7 - - - 50.3 - - - - 507 - - - - - - - 87 - 9.0 - 64 68
NSW SPIRT Project E37H3-245.2 - 2 2 - - - 83.0 - - - - 171 - - - - - - - 68 - 12.0 - 48 98
NSW SPIRT Project N40 22.7 21 3 - 5.10 - 3.3 0.10 - 5.48 2 634 0.5 0.82 - 2.28 - - 1.3 363 - 25.6 2.54 97 117
NSW SPIRT Project N42 22.6 22 4 - - - 1.0 - - - - 817 - - - - - - - 363 - 22.0 - 96 136
NSW SPIRT Project N12 22.7 11 4 - - - - - - - - 262 - - - - - - - 227 - 18.0 - 65 84

Source

NSW SPIRT Project M33/098 - - - 941 - - 27.9 - 0 - - - - - - - - - - 14.4 - - - 6.2
NSW SPIRT Project M33/217-C134 - - - 552 - - 57.4 - 10 - 210 - - - - - - - - 24.6 - - - 5.1
NSW SPIRT Project M33/094 - - - 323 - - 52 - 46 - 239 - - - - - - - - 19.7 - - - 4.2
NSW SPIRT Project M33/141 - - - 273 - - 56.9 - 48 - 207 - - - - - - - - 17.6 - - - 3.1
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-22/43.3.121i - - - 719 - - - - 2 - 211 - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.0
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-23/39.4, i22 - - - 298 - - - - 6 - 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.7
370
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-54/40.6, i23 - - - 204 - - - - 13 - 226 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.4
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-22/43.1,121ii - - - 179 - - - - 2 - 160 - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.0
NSW SPIRT Project CSG162 - - - 518 - - 57.8 - 10 0.16 200 4.00 2.26 1.79 - 5.52 3.1 - 0.79 27.9 - 0.34 2 6.3
NSW SPIRT Project CSG72 - - - 616 - - - - 7 - 147 - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.8
NSW SPIRT Project M33/2191 - - - 687 - - 41.3 - 41 - 176 - - - - - - - - 9.3 - - - 6.2
NSW SPIRT Project CGS11.11 - - - 971 - - 34.7 - 6 0.48 1004 3.80 2.21 1.50 - 4.53 2.0 - 0.75 18.2 - 0.31 1 4.7
NSW SPIRT Project CSG15.12 - - - 541 - - - - 41 - 36 - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.3
NSW SPIRT Project CSG59B.13 - - - 923 - - 30.1 - 21 0.37 190 3.73 2.27 1.23 - 4.09 2.5 - 0.75 15.7 - 0.34 1 5.2
NSW SPIRT Project CSG189.19 - - - 823 - - 33.8 - 9 0.40 62 3.14 2.04 1.14 - 3.50 3.2 - 0.64 18.4 - 0.34 3 5.5
NSW SPIRT Project CSG220.111 - - 0.004 945 - - - - 3 - 88 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.0
NSW SPIRT Project M33/101 - - 0.012 800 - - 27.8 - 4 - 72 - - - - - - - - 12.3 - - - 6.2
NSW SPIRT Project CSG111 - - 0.001 646 - - - - 230 - 169 - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.8

Source

NSW SPIRT Project M33/098 15.5 - 4 - - - 64.0 - - - - 1321 - - - - - - - - - 24.0 - - 104
NSW SPIRT Project M33/217-C134 35.9 41 7 - - - 33.0 - - - - 1235 - - - - - - - - - 22.0 - 169 119
NSW SPIRT Project M33/094 33.3 14 2 - - - 11.0 - - - - 1010 - - - - - - - - - 24.0 - 130 88
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-22/43.3.121i - 7 4 - - - 37.0 - - - - 406 - - - - - - - 134 - 20.0 - 87 182
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-23/39.4, i22 - 27 3 - - - 28.0 - - - - 831 - - - - - - - 188 - 13.0 - 90 118
371
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-54/40.6, i23 - 7 6 - - - 11.0 - - - - 892 - - - - - - - 204 - 17.0 - 78 100
NSW SPIRT Project 1503-22/43.1,121ii - 3 2 - - - 34.0 - - - - 406 - - - - - - - 134 - 33.0 - 137 182
NSW SPIRT Project CSG162 34.1 8 8 - 8.05 - 22.0 0.26 - 7.05 2 908 0.5 0.78 - 3.41 - - 2.59 194 - 20.0 2.13 118 107
NSW SPIRT Project CSG72 - 6 6 - - - 60.0 - - - - 1134 - - - - - - - 170 - 19.0 - 92 106
NSW SPIRT Project CGS11.11 20.5 5 6 - 4.70 - 50.0 0.21 - 4.74 2 1633 0.4 0.70 - 2.10 - - 1.02 221 - 19.0 1.97 86 66
NSW SPIRT Project CSG15.12 - 24 6 - - - 64.0 - - - - 1013 - - - - - - - 250 - 21.0 - 70 109
NSW SPIRT Project CSG59B.13 17.5 13 7 - 4.06 - 50.0 0.30 - 4.15 2 1437 0.4 0.67 - 2.54 - - 1.29 271 - 19.0 2.13 95 82
NSW SPIRT Project CSG189.19 17.7 6 10 - 4.32 - 55.0 0.03 - 3.77 2 972 0.5 0.55 - 3.54 - - 2.07 128 - 17.0 2.08 92 115
NSW SPIRT Project CSG220.111 - 1 3 0.001 - <0.0005 49.0 - - - - 1930 - - - - - - - 155 - 21.0 - 98 57
NSW SPIRT Project M33/101 12.3 3 8 0.001 - <0.0005 64.0 - - - - 861 - - - - - - - 0 - 20.0 - 67 108
NSW SPIRT Project CSG111 - 84 10 <0.001 - <0.0005 60.0 - - - - 889 - - - - - - - 201 - 18.0 - 74 118

Source
NSW SPIRT Project CSG112 - - 0.004 559.5 - - 19.26 - 228 0.30 157 2.17 1.34 0.78 - 2.31 1.0 - 0.47 11.2 - 0.20 1 4.3
NSW SPIRT Project CSG172 - - 0.001 842 - - - - 156 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.2
NSW SPIRT Project CSG141B - - 0.001 145.66 - - 30.3 - 13 0.69 149 4.15 2.52 1.24 - 4.09 3.1 - 0.90 14.8 - 0.38 1 8.8
372
NSW SPIRT Project CSHG53 - - 0.001 1007 - - - - 6 - 154 - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.5
NSW SPIRT Project CSG85 - - 0.003 943 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.5
NSW SPIRT Project CSG12 - - - 972.82 - - 36.07 - 4 0.98 101 3.91 2.26 1.46 - 4.36 2.3 - 0.82 18.9 - 0.33 1 6.1
NSW SPIRT Project CSG67 - - - 142.64 - - 19.31 - 3 0.11 18 3.33 2.21 0.87 - 2.81 3.5 - 0.72 10.2 - 0.38 3 7.9

Source
NSW SPIRT Project CSG112 10.0 54 5 0.003 2.33 <0.0005 38.5 0.38 - 2.35 1 946 0.2 0.36 - 1.66 - - 0.73 282 - 12.6 1.27 79 37
NSW SPIRT Project CSG154 - 55 3 0.003 - <0.0005 46.0 - - - - 862 - - - - - - - 290 - 12.0 - 73 37
NSW SPIRT Project CSG172 - - - 0.002 - <0.0005 - - - - - 1085 - - - - - - - 248 - 0.0 - - 97
NSW SPIRT Project CSG23 16.0 47 7 0.007 3.54 0.0006 20.2 0.28 - 3.71 1 1053 0.4 0.54 - 2.41 - - 1.16 217 - 17.2 1.84 86 91
NSW SPIRT Project CSG51 - 9 5 0.015 - 0.0005 45.0 - - - - 1129 - - - - - - - 172 - 20.0 - 89 116
NSW SPIRT Project CSG141B 18.2 9 3 0.001 4.03 <0.0005 8.3 0.29 - 4.29 1 944 0.6 0.67 - 2.08 - - 1.21 191 - 23.6 2.47 86 124
373
NSW SPIRT Project CSHG53 - 6 6 0.002 - <0.0005 59.0 - - - - 1249 - - - - - - - 179 - 20.0 - 95 121
NSW SPIRT Project CSG85 - - 3 0.001 - <0.0005 43.0 - - - - 1311 - - - - - - - - - 20.0 - - 104

374
APPENDIX F: CHLORITE MAJOR ELEMENT MINERAL CHEMISTRY
DATASET (SEM-EDS)
General information
This appendix provides the results of all SEM-EDS analyses of chlorite, with data given as wt. %. All Fe is
classed as Fe2+, in agreement with mineralogical preference and correlations documented in section 4.4.2.
Each row in the table corresponds to one spot analysis, with the analytical conditions as described in
section 4.3.3.

Occasionally two resin blocks were made from one sample to target specific minerals or patches of
alteration, in these cases the different blocks are indicated by the suffix A or B after the sample number.
Chlorite geothermometry columns

Formation temperatures were calculated using several chlorite geothermometry equations: Jowett (1991);
K & M (1985) = Kranidiotis and MacLean (1987); Cathe. (1988) = Cathelineau (1988); Walshe (1989). Based
on the mineral assemblages observed and results of oxygen isotope geothermometry, those temperatures
calculated using the equation of Jowett (1991) are thought most accurate, see section 5.5.6.
Atoms per formula unit columns

Chlorite composition was calculated in terms of atoms per formula unit (apfu) for each analysis based on
28 oxygen equivalents. [iv]Al and [vi]Al, along with Fe2+ and Fe3+ are calculated assuming ideal stoichiometry.
Note as Ti, Ca, Na and K are continually below LOD in this filtered dataset, these columns are omitted.
Results were used to construct a mineral formula for each analysis, as well as to attribute a chlorite sub-
variety name based on the classification scheme of Hey (1954).
Further details
375
o
SEM-EDS data, all values in wt. % Chl. Geothermom. temp ( C) Chlorite apfu: based on 28 O equiv.
Unique sample
Jowett K & M Cathe. Walshe Al Al Name Formula
number 3+
SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O Total Si Ti Fe Fe2+ Mn Mg H
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP12AP003 28.82 0.00 20.58 19.12 0.99 19.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.35 304 164 304 241 2.86 1.14 1.28 0.00 0.08 1.51 0.08 2.94 8 pycnochlorite (Mg2.94Fe1.59Mn0.08Al1.28)[(Si2.86Al1.14)O10](OH)8
NP12AP005 27.42 0.00 20.18 17.95 1.11 20.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.34 326 170 326 361 2.80 1.20 1.22 0.00 0.01 1.52 0.10 3.14 8 ripidolite (Mg3.14Fe1.53Mn0.10Al1.22)[(Si2.80Al1.20)O10](OH)8
376
NP12AP010 30.80 0.00 19.20 16.33 0.83 18.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.76 228 138 227 152 3.10 0.90 1.40 0.00 0.28 1.09 0.07 2.79 8 diabantite (Mg2.79Fe1.37Mn0.07Al1.40)[(Si3.10Al0.90)O10](OH)8
Appendix F: Chlorite major element mineral chemistry

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
377

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
378

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
379

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP12AP034 28.07 0.00 19.03 17.88 1.32 19.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.01 293 160 293 234 2.90 1.10 1.22 0.00 0.07 1.48 0.12 3.04 8 pycnochlorite(Mg3.04Fe1.54Mn0.12Al1.22)[(Si2.90Al1.10)O10](OH)8
NP12AP034 28.19 0.35 19.14 17.74 1.33 19.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.29 294 160 294 227 2.90 1.10 1.22 0.03 0.10 1.43 0.12 2.99 8 pycnochlorite Mg2.99Fe1.52Mn0.12Ti0.03Al1.22)[(Si2.90Al1.10)O10](OH)
380

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
381

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
382
NP12AP040A 28.32 0.00 18.38 17.75 0.50 20.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.26 281 155 280 220 2.94 1.06 1.19 0.00 0.07 1.47 0.04 3.14 8 pycnochlorite (Mg3.14Fe1.54Mn0.04Al1.19)[(Si2.94Al1.06)O10](OH)8

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
383

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
384

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
385

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
386

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
387

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
388

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
389

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
390

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
391

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
392

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
393

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
394

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
395

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
396

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
397

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP13AP001+2+3 27.70 0.00 19.59 21.48 0.80 17.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.68 301 167 298 230 2.88 1.12 1.29 0.00 0.09 1.77 0.07 2.65 8 pycnochlorite (Mg2.65Fe1.87Mn0.07Al1.29)[(Si2.88Al1.12)O10](OH)8
398
NP13AP004+5+6 26.31 0.00 20.48 21.34 1.67 16.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.40 337 180 335 277 2.77 1.23 1.31 0.00 0.05 1.83 0.15 2.60 8 ripidolite (Mg2.60Fe1.88Mn0.15Al1.31)[(Si2.77Al1.23)O10](OH)8

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP13AP016 26.06 0.00 20.12 23.12 1.20 12.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.45 315 177 309 231 2.85 1.15 1.45 0.00 0.17 1.95 0.11 2.11 8 brunsvigite (Mg2.11Fe2.11Mn0.11Al1.45)[(Si2.85Al1.15)O10](OH)8
399

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
400

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
401
NP13AP032A 26.35 0.00 20.05 18.85 2.53 17.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.21 329 174 328 274 2.79 1.21 1.29 0.00 0.05 1.62 0.23 2.75 8 ripidolite (Mg2.75Fe1.67Mn0.23Al1.29)[(Si2.79Al1.21)O10](OH)8

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
402

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
403

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP13AP040B 27.10 0.00 20.12 18.32 2.66 17.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.16 318 170 317 259 2.82 1.18 1.30 0.00 0.07 1.53 0.23 2.79 8 pycnochlorite (Mg2.79Fe1.60Mn0.23Al1.30)[(Si2.82Al1.18)O10](OH)8
NP13AP040B 26.65 0.00 20.92 19.68 2.87 17.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.17 337 178 335 279 2.77 1.23 1.33 0.00 0.05 1.65 0.25 2.64 8 ripidolite (Mg2.64Fe1.71Mn0.25Al1.33)[(Si2.77Al1.23)O10](OH)8
404

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
405
NP13AP052 28.94 0.00 19.48 20.93 0.00 19.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.61 289 161 287 221 2.92 1.08 1.24 0.00 0.08 1.68 0.00 2.89 8 pycnochlorite (Mg2.89Fe1.76Al1.24)[(Si2.92Al1.08)O10](OH)8

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
406

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
407

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
408

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
409

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
410

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
411

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
412

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
413

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
414
NP13AP121A 30.74 0.00 16.53 16.58 1.36 20.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.71 215 132 215 146 3.14 0.86 1.14 0.00 0.16 1.26 0.12 3.12 8 diabantite (Mg3.12Fe1.42Mn0.12Al1.14)[(Si3.14Al0.86)O10](OH)8

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
415

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP13AP126 30.29 0.37 15.46 18.55 1.45 19.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.08 220 136 218 146 3.13 0.87 1.02 0.03 0.12 1.49 0.13 3.07 8 diabantite Mg3.07Fe1.60Mn0.13Ti0.03Al1.02)[(Si3.13Al0.87)O10](OH)
416

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
417

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
418

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
419

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
420

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
421

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
422

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
423

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
424

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP13AP185+186 28.24 0.00 17.69 18.05 0.89 19.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.61 272 153 272 210 2.96 1.04 1.16 0.00 0.07 1.52 0.08 3.09 8 pycnochlorite (Mg3.09Fe1.58Mn0.08Al1.16)[(Si2.96Al1.04)O10](OH)8
NP13AP185+186 30.25 0.00 15.04 20.35 0.72 18.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.22 206 134 204 133 3.17 0.83 1.04 0.00 0.12 1.66 0.06 2.95 8 diabantite (Mg2.95Fe1.79Mn0.06Al1.04)[(Si3.17Al0.83)O10](OH)8
425
NP13AP185+186 29.84 0.00 15.89 18.95 0.83 19.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.41 227 138 225 157 3.11 0.89 1.06 0.00 0.10 1.55 0.07 3.09 8 diabantite (Mg3.09Fe1.65Mn0.07Al1.06)[(Si3.11Al0.89)O10](OH)8

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
426

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
427

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
428

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
429

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
430

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
431

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP13AP231 30.44 0.57 16.25 19.71 0.99 19.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.08 227 140 225 145 3.11 0.89 1.08 0.04 0.15 1.53 0.09 2.91 8 diabantite Mg2.91Fe1.68Mn0.09Ti0.04Al1.08)[(Si3.11Al0.89)O10](OH)
432

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
433

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP13AP252B 28.24 0.35 18.71 22.18 0.94 17.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.53 289 164 286 212 2.92 1.08 1.21 0.03 0.10 1.82 0.08 2.64 8 pycnochlorite Mg2.64Fe1.92Mn0.08Ti0.03Al1.21)[(Si2.92Al1.08)O10](OH)
434

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
435

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
436

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
437

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
438

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
439

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
440

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
441

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
442

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
443

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
444

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
445

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
446
NP13AP294 29.95 0.00 18.10 25.79 0.00 15.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.23 248 154 242 160 3.06 0.94 1.24 0.00 0.17 2.03 0.00 2.34 8 pycnochlorite (Mg2.34Fe2.20Al1.24)[(Si3.06Al0.94)O10](OH)8

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
NP13AP295 30.59 0.00 13.66 27.76 0.74 15.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.32 194 137 188 110 3.23 0.77 0.93 0.00 0.09 2.36 0.07 2.45 8 no name (Mg2.45Fe2.45Mn0.07Al0.93)[(Si3.23Al0.77)O10](OH)8
447

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
448

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
449

o
Unique sample
number 3+
(1991) (1987) (1988) (1989) (iv) (vi)
450

APPENDIX G: EPIDOTE MAJOR ELEMENT MINERAL CHEMISTRY
DATASET (SEM-EDS)
General information
This appendix provides the results of all SEM-EDS analyses of epidote, with data given as wt. %. All Fe is
classed as Fe3+, in agreement with mineralogical preference and correlations documented in section 4.5.2.
Each row in the table corresponds to one spot analysis, with the analytical conditions as described in
section 4.3.3.
Atoms per formula unit

Epidote composition was calculated in terms of atoms per formula unit (apfu) for each analysis based on
12.5 oxygens equivalents. Note as Ti, Mg, Na and K are continually below LOD in this filtered dataset, these
columns are omitted. Results were used to construct a mineral formula for each analysis; following
Equation 4.1, the molar fraction of end-member epidote (XEp) is also given.
Further details
All other details are as described for Appendix F.
451
Unique sample SEM-EDS data, all values in wt. % Epidote apfu: based on 12.5 O equiv.
3+
XEp Formula
number SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O Total Si Al Fe Mn Ca H
NP12AP003 37.35 0.00 23.43 12.48 0.58 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 97.22 3.00 2.22 0.75 0.04 2.01 1 0.78 (Ca2.01Mn0.04)(Al2.22Fe0.75)Si3.00O12OH
NP12AP003 37.54 0.00 20.77 16.47 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 98.45 3.01 1.96 0.99 0.00 2.04 1 1.04 (Ca2.04)(Al1.96Fe0.99)Si3.01O12OH
452
Appendix G: Epidote major element mineral chemistry

3+
XEp Formula
453

3+
XEp Formula
454

3+
XEp Formula
455

3+
XEp Formula
456

3+
XEp Formula
457

3+
XEp Formula
458

3+
XEp Formula
459
NP12AP040A 37.33 0.00 22.54 13.41 0.46 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 97.20 3.01 2.14 0.81 0.03 2.02 1 0.85 (Ca2.02Mn0.03)(Al2.14Fe0.81)Si3.01O12OH

3+
XEp Formula
NP12AP040A 38.10 0.00 23.41 13.63 0.00 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 99.08 3.00 2.17 0.81 0.00 2.02 1 0.82 (Ca2.02)(Al2.17Fe0.81)Si3.00O12OH
460

3+
XEp Formula
461

3+
XEp Formula
462

3+
XEp Formula
463

3+
XEp Formula
464

3+
XEp Formula
465

3+
XEp Formula
466

3+
XEp Formula
467

3+
XEp Formula
468

3+
XEp Formula
469

3+
XEp Formula
470

3+
XEp Formula
471

3+
XEp Formula
472

3+
XEp Formula
473

3+
XEp Formula
474

3+
XEp Formula
475

3+
XEp Formula
476

3+
XEp Formula
477

3+
XEp Formula
478

3+
XEp Formula
479

3+
XEp Formula
480

3+
XEp Formula
481

3+
XEp Formula
482

3+
XEp Formula
483

3+
XEp Formula
484

3+
XEp Formula
485

3+
XEp Formula
486

3+
XEp Formula
487

3+
XEp Formula
488

3+
XEp Formula
489

3+
XEp Formula
490

3+
XEp Formula
NP13AP001+2+3 37.35 0.00 23.37 13.77 1.15 0.00 22.08 0.00 0.00 97.72 2.99 2.20 0.83 0.08 1.89 1 0.80 (Ca1.89Mn0.08)(Al2.20Fe0.83)Si2.99O12OH
NP13AP001+2+3 37.80 0.00 22.49 14.55 0.00 0.00 22.97 0.00 0.00 97.81 3.02 2.12 0.88 0.00 1.97 1 0.88 (Ca1.97)(Al2.12Fe0.88)Si3.02O12OH
491

3+
XEp Formula
492

3+
XEp Formula
493

3+
XEp Formula
494

3+
XEp Formula
495

3+
XEp Formula
496

3+
XEp Formula
497

3+
XEp Formula
498

3+
XEp Formula
499
NP13AP040B 37.86 0.00 23.20 12.92 0.53 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 97.93 3.02 2.18 0.78 0.04 2.00 1 0.81 (Ca2.00Mn0.04)(Al2.18Fe0.78)Si3.02O12OH

3+
XEp Formula
500

3+
XEp Formula
501

3+
XEp Formula
502

3+
XEp Formula
503

3+
XEp Formula
504

3+
XEp Formula
505

3+
XEp Formula
506

3+
XEp Formula
507

3+
XEp Formula
508

3+
XEp Formula
509

3+
XEp Formula
510

3+
XEp Formula
511

3+
XEp Formula
512

3+
XEp Formula
513

3+
XEp Formula
514

3+
XEp Formula
515

3+
XEp Formula
516
NP13AP121B 36.92 0.00 19.59 17.79 0.00 0.00 23.20 0.00 0.00 97.50 3.01 1.88 1.09 0.00 2.03 1 1.12 (Ca2.03)(Al1.88Fe1.09)Si3.01O12OH

3+
XEp Formula
517

3+
XEp Formula
518

3+
XEp Formula
519

3+
XEp Formula
520

3+
XEp Formula
521

3+
XEp Formula
522

3+
XEp Formula
523

3+
XEp Formula
524

3+
XEp Formula
525

3+
XEp Formula
526

3+
XEp Formula
527

3+
XEp Formula
528

3+
XEp Formula
529

3+
XEp Formula
NP13AP185+186 36.84 0.00 19.58 16.97 0.00 0.00 23.39 0.00 0.00 96.78 3.02 1.89 1.05 0.00 2.05 1 1.12 (Ca2.05)(Al1.89Fe1.05)Si3.02O12OH
NP13AP185+186 36.86 0.00 20.67 16.44 0.53 0.00 22.76 0.00 0.00 97.27 3.00 1.98 1.01 0.04 1.98 1 1.02 (Ca1.98Mn0.04)(Al1.98Fe1.01)Si3.00O12OH
530

3+
XEp Formula
531

3+
XEp Formula
532

3+
XEp Formula
533

3+
XEp Formula
534

3+
XEp Formula
535

3+
XEp Formula
536

3+
XEp Formula
537

3+
XEp Formula
538

3+
XEp Formula
539

3+
XEp Formula
540

3+
XEp Formula
541

3+
XEp Formula
542

3+
XEp Formula
543

3+
XEp Formula
544

3+
XEp Formula
545

3+
XEp Formula
546

3+
XEp Formula
547

3+
XEp Formula
548

3+
XEp Formula
549

3+
XEp Formula
550

3+
XEp Formula
551

3+
XEp Formula
552

3+
XEp Formula
553

3+
XEp Formula
554

3+
XEp Formula
555

3+
XEp Formula
556

3+
XEp Formula
557

3+
XEp Formula
558

3+
XEp Formula
559

3+
XEp Formula
560

3+
XEp Formula
561

3+
XEp Formula
562
APPENDIX H: CHLORITE TRACE ELEMENT MINERAL CHEMISTRY
DATASET (LA-ICP-MS)
General information
This appendix provides the quantified results of all LA-ICP-MS analyses of chlorite, along with associated
quality control, textural information and SEM-EDS data. Owing to the large amount of data, each row in
the table, representing one analysis, is spread across two pages.
Related SEM-EDS data columns

As discussed in section 4.3.4, the abundance of Al in chlorite, as determined by SEM-EDS, was used as an
internal standard during LA-ICP-MS analysis. This corrects the data for the differing physical properties and
ablation characteristics of chlorite in comparison to the external calibration standard NIST 612. Further, as
LA-ICP-MS standards were chosen to optimise analysis of trace elements, the major element composition
of chlorite is far more accurately given by SEM-EDS data.
Consequently, for each LA-ICP-MS spot analysis, SEM-EDS data corresponding to the same mineral grain is
provided; if this was not available, an average of SEM-EDS data acquired from immediately adjacent
mineral grains is given. In the majority of cases this SEM-EDS data also forms part of Appendix F. However,
where an average was used, or if an SEM-EDS analysis showed minor contamination (such as K or Ca), the
data is only provided here. Clearly, the best method of interpreting mineral chemistry, as followed in this
study, is to use SEM-EDS data (e.g. Appendix F) to investigate major elements and LA-ICP-MS data (e.g. this
dataset) to study trace elements.
Also tabulated in this dataset is a chlorite geothermometry temperature estimate for the sample. This was
calculated as the average of the temperature estimates provided in Appendix F for the same sample based
on the equation of Jowett (1991).

Occasionally two resin blocks were made from one sample to target specific minerals or patches of
alteration, in these cases the different blocks are indicated by the suffix A or B after the sample number.
Analysis reference column

Laboratory reference number, uniquely identifies each analysis.
Texture and mode columns

Chlorite textures as described in section 4.4.1: MA = massive aggregate; CP = chlorite pseudomorphs after
biotite; SG = singular grains. Mode of occurrence: R = replacement; V = vein-hosted; RAV = replacement
around vein (i.e. in vein alteration halo).
563
Rank column
To aid rapid quality control, each integrated LA-ICP-MS signal was ranked on the scale of 0 to 4 based on
the number of time slices integrated: 0 = <10; 1 = 10-20; 2 = 20-30; 3 = 30-40; 4 = >40. The rank was reduced
by 1 if the integrated signal appeared particularly poor/irregular but was still used.
Slices column
This is the number of mass sweeps/ICP-MS time slices integrated from the LA-ICP-MS signal.
Processing notes column

These are notes written during processing of the LA-ICP-MS signal. They usually describe the part of the
signal which was integrated/quantified, along with a comment on its quality and possible contaminant
elements etc.
LA-ICP-MS results
Overall quantified results from LA-ICP-MS analysis, shown from left to right in order of increasing atomic
mass. All values represent the determined concentration (ppm) of each element in chlorite. Where
concentrations were below LOD, the value is given simply as <LOD.
564
565
Relevant SEM-EDS data, all values in wt. %
Unique sample Analysis
Temp Texture Mode Rank Slices Laser ablation data processing notes
number SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2 O Total o ref.
( C)
NP12AP023 29.07 0.00 18.25 17.56 0.53 20.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.08 262 SE29A07 MA RAV 4 62 Perfect first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ti, Y, Ca and Ce
NP12AP023 29.01 0.00 18.06 17.47 0.70 20.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.05 262 SE29A08 MA RAV 4 63 Perfect middle of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti, Y, Ca and Ce until step increase in K
NP12AP023 29.71 0.00 17.57 18.01 0.76 20.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.54 262 SE29A10 MA RAV 4 110 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP023 29.52 0.00 17.91 17.50 0.57 20.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.13 262 SE29A16 MA RAV 4 72 Perfect middle of signal integrated after initial spike in all elements until step increase in Sr and Ca
NP12AP023 29.07 0.00 17.78 17.91 0.68 20.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.17 262 SE29A17 MA RAV 4 73 Excellent last three quarters of signal following initial spike in all monitored elements
NP12AP023 28.96 0.00 17.84 17.75 0.56 20.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.76 262 SE29A19 MA RAV 4 66 Excellent last three quarters of signal following initial spike in all monitored elements
NP12AP023 29.50 0.00 17.89 17.65 0.57 20.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.21 262 SE29A22 MA RAV 4 87 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial slight elevation in Sr and Y
NP12AP031 27.13 0.00 19.42 18.15 1.01 18.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.51 313 FE05A05 SG V 4 100 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP12AP031 27.60 0.00 18.18 19.66 0.71 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.44 313 FE05A06 SG V 3 34 Initial good signal integrated until increase in Ca, K, Sr etc. of another grain
NP12AP031 27.60 0.00 18.18 19.66 0.71 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.44 313 FE05A07 SG V 2 28 Good first quarter of signal integrated until dramatic increase in K, Sr, Li, Ca into another grain
NP12AP031 27.60 0.00 19.07 19.79 0.92 19.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.65 313 FE05A08 SG V 4 109 Very good signal integrated throughout, some minor variation in Li
NP12AP031 27.60 0.00 18.18 19.66 0.71 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.44 313 FE05A09 SG V 4 46 Good first half of signal integrated until increase in Li and K
NP12AP031 27.60 0.00 18.93 18.94 1.15 19.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.72 313 FE05A10 SG V 4 111 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP031 28.13 0.00 18.71 18.27 0.81 19.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.88 313 FE05A11 SG V 2 20 Good first few slices integrated until drastic increase in K, Sr, Li
NP12AP031 28.04 0.00 18.74 19.05 0.80 19.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.13 313 FE05A12 SG V 4 69 Very good first half of signal integrated until sudden increase in K, Sr, Ce, Li, Ti etc.
NP12AP031 27.00 0.00 19.25 18.99 0.98 18.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.88 313 FE05A13 SG V 4 67 Very good first half of signal integrated until drastic increase in K, Li, Sr, Ce and decrease in Co
NP12AP031 28.26 0.00 19.76 20.01 1.17 20.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.27 313 FE05A14 SG V 4 41 Good first half of signal integrated until irregularity in K, Li and Sr
NP12AP031 28.04 0.00 18.74 19.05 0.80 19.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.13 313 FE05A15 SG V 4 56 Very good signal integrated until increase in K, Sr, Ti, Pb, Y and decrease in Co
566
NP12AP031 27.27 0.00 18.54 18.69 0.77 19.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.78 313 FE05A17 SG V 4 50 Very good first half of signal integrated until increase in K, Sr, and Li and decrease in Co
NP12AP031 26.89 0.00 18.44 19.09 0.85 18.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.63 313 FE05A18 SG V 4 53 Very good first half of signal integrated until increase in K and Sr
NP12AP031 27.96 0.00 19.24 18.69 0.94 19.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.40 313 FE05A20 SG V 2 21 Poor overall, with irregularity in all but Al after first few slices, but first slices appear good and are integrated
NP12AP031 28.11 0.00 19.14 19.28 0.94 19.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.18 313 FE05A21 SG V 4 53 Integrated excellent first half of signal until increase in K, Li, Sr and decrease in Co, Fe and Mn
NP12AP031 29.16 0.00 19.33 17.83 1.12 19.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.06 313 FE05A22 SG V 4 89 Excellent signal integrated until last few slices when Sr, K and LI increase and Co, Fe and Mn decrease
NP12AP031 27.94 0.00 18.78 18.56 0.98 19.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.08 313 FE05A23 SG V 1 17 Poor, with irregularity in most elements, only good first few slices integrated
NP12AP031 27.94 0.00 18.78 18.56 0.98 19.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.08 313 FE05A24 SG V 2 26 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large spike in Sr, K, Li, Ce, La and decrease in Co and Fe
NP12AP031 27.64 0.00 18.90 19.07 0.84 19.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.82 313 FE05A25 SG V 4 101 Excellent signal integrated after initial spike in Sr
NP12AP031 28.79 0.00 18.90 19.00 1.01 20.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.89 313 FE05A27 SG V 1 14 Poor, but first few slices are good and integrated until drastic increase in Sr, K, Li and Y with decrease in Co, Mn and Fe
NP12AP031 28.09 0.00 18.52 18.91 1.02 19.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.95 313 FE05A28 SG V 2 25 Very good first half of signal integrated until sudden increase in K, Sr, Li and Y and decrease in Co
NP12AP034 26.78 0.00 19.92 18.27 1.54 18.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.91 296 SE29B01 CP RAV 1 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K
NP12AP034 27.85 0.00 18.93 17.42 1.33 19.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.60 296 SE29B02 CP RAV 2 20 Reasonable first quarter of signal (with minor variability in K) integrated until step increase in Sr and K
NP12AP034 28.30 0.00 19.07 17.75 1.45 19.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.37 296 SE29B03 CP RAV 4 47 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initial spikes in Zr until K slightly increases
NP12AP034 27.77 0.00 19.41 17.43 1.42 19.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.56 296 SE29B08 CP RAV 4 76 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated following initial elevated Ti and Ba
NP12AP034 27.68 0.38 18.93 18.00 1.52 19.25 0.32 0.00 0.00 86.09 296 SE29B09 CP RAV 0 12 Poor, but small section in-between spikes in Ti, Sr and Ba integrated; Ti may still be slightly elevated
NP12AP034 27.75 0.00 18.76 18.13 1.74 19.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.06 296 SE29B10 CP RAV 3 107 Good signal integrated throughout, some minor variance in K and Ti decreases slightly toward last quarter
NP12AP034 27.79 0.00 19.05 17.12 1.61 19.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.11 296 SE29B11 CP RAV 2 26 Very good last quarter of signal after initially elevated Ba, K and Ti
NP12AP034 27.04 0.00 18.84 17.63 1.74 18.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.80 296 SE29B12 CP RAV 0 10 Poor, first few slices used but may have elevated Ti and Ba
NP12AP034 27.15 0.00 19.99 17.99 1.63 19.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.80 296 SE29B15 CP RAV 3 32 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initially elevated Ti and Ba until increase in K
NP12AP034 27.45 0.00 19.25 17.69 1.51 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.20 296 SE29B16 CP RAV 1 10 Good first few slices integrated until K increases
NP12AP034 28.32 0.00 19.52 17.73 1.86 19.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.80 296 SE29B17 CP RAV 4 110 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP036 28.15 0.00 17.61 19.46 0.79 19.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.48 300 SE29C01 MA RAV 1 18 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K increases
NP12AP036 28.52 0.00 18.84 18.98 0.85 19.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.45 300 SE29C02 MA RAV 1 11 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in K
NP12AP036 28.00 0.00 17.29 19.41 1.01 18.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.52 300 SE29C03 MA RAV 2 21 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in K
NP12AP036 29.61 0.00 19.16 19.53 0.67 20.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.51 300 SE29C04 MA RAV 4 82 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated after initially elevated Zr
NP12AP036 30.14 0.00 19.14 18.54 0.70 15.34 0.00 0.00 0.78 84.64 300 SE29C05 MA RAV 2 26 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated between spikes in Zr
Appendix H: Chlorite trace element mineral chemistry

Quantified LA-ICP-MS data, all values in ppm
Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
Li B Na Mg Si K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn As Sr Y Zr Ag Sn Sb Ba La Ce Pb Bi U
NP12AP023 40.9 7.0 201.4 153780 142228 129 433.0 75.7 324.1 <1.1 5150 86839 145.3 54.2 0.5 1106.0 0.9 12.6 0.5 0.2 <0.0 0.6 0.1 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP023 39.7 8.2 226.1 148986 142919 141 324.0 79.9 329.9 <1.3 5014 86968 152.5 55.5 0.6 1132.4 0.8 11.9 0.5 0.2 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.6 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP023 39.0 8.3 172.2 141522 135822 95 294.4 64.2 380.5 <1.3 4764 83409 141.7 49.4 0.6 1010.5 0.7 8.5 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP023 39.7 6.1 210.0 148015 139583 97 321.7 71.0 387.0 <1.3 5012 87611 151.2 52.2 0.5 1048.5 0.7 9.5 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP023 39.0 <5.8 185.9 144302 139377 99 287.1 68.7 383.5 <1.4 4973 86228 147.2 50.9 0.6 1020.8 0.8 8.9 0.4 0.2 <0.0 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP023 34.7 5.1 211.1 149108 139364 116 439.6 70.9 380.1 <1.1 4909 88816 149.0 63.8 0.5 1076.6 0.6 11.6 0.6 0.2 <0.0 0.7 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP023 35.3 6.1 200.7 147597 136891 121 309.0 67.4 374.9 <1.3 4895 88012 151.0 63.4 0.7 1089.7 0.6 10.3 0.5 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP023 36.0 5.4 198.5 144773 136481 102 401.0 68.7 384.9 <1.2 4796 87008 143.7 61.1 0.7 1060.2 0.6 9.9 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP023 35.8 <9.4 210.9 136724 124800 76 405.3 73.1 320.9 <2.7 4356 82560 137.9 57.9 0.5 980.2 0.8 11.3 0.6 0.4 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 <0.2 0.0
NP12AP023 34.1 <9.8 181.8 138903 129375 85 318.5 69.7 334.3 <2.9 4505 84436 151.3 62.6 0.6 1030.0 0.8 11.0 0.5 0.3 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.5 <0.2 <0.0
NP12AP023 33.1 <13.8 199.2 144247 132784 114 <253.7 92.3 308.7 <4.7 4761 85172 147.8 55.4 0.7 1114.4 <1.1 11.4 0.7 0.2 <0.0 1.1 <0.2 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.5 <0.3 <0.0
NP12AP023 38.6 <5.5 185.3 147465 142319 99 425.1 67.2 383.0 <1.7 4919 92344 149.2 53.1 0.4 1052.9 0.7 10.4 0.4 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.7 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP023 38.2 <6.0 167.2 144578 137086 97 288.5 65.0 389.5 <1.4 4965 90888 149.3 50.4 0.5 1070.8 0.8 8.8 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP023 38.5 7.7 252.7 146996 143764 102 360.6 72.4 359.2 1.6 4813 94496 156.7 67.2 0.6 1082.1 0.7 10.7 0.5 0.4 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP023 37.8 <4.2 230.6 151304 143562 105 299.8 73.3 357.5 <1.4 4832 94863 158.8 68.0 0.5 1079.0 0.8 11.5 0.5 0.3 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP031 31.2 <4.0 30.0 132377 125070 111 223.1 139.7 145.7 <1.3 6599 98150 104.1 9.3 <0.1 320.6 <0.6 2.3 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP031 29.0 5.3 40.6 133529 120879 33 284.2 98.3 176.5 <1.2 6002 101325 154.3 8.0 0.2 340.0 <0.4 2.6 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP031 26.4 <3.6 34.4 133143 114906 30 348.5 102.9 161.6 <1.4 5969 98654 147.8 8.5 0.3 291.8 <0.5 2.2 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP031 46.2 <3.8 73.8 127354 125896 113 411.3 102.3 166.0 <1.1 5850 94326 117.4 7.3 0.2 355.7 <0.5 5.6 1.1 0.1 <0.0 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 27.0 <3.8 41.8 126902 118240 36 291.5 103.1 165.2 <0.9 6183 97321 146.4 8.0 0.1 308.5 <0.5 2.1 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP031 31.6 5.2 40.7 128576 122566 93 322.2 142.8 144.5 <1.4 6551 97308 97.1 9.7 0.2 335.1 <0.5 2.4 0.4 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP031 28.8 5.1 39.6 132170 117439 50 323.3 114.1 152.9 <1.3 6451 100755 134.0 6.5 0.3 344.6 <0.5 2.6 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 27.1 4.5 45.5 134486 121117 59 264.3 116.2 151.9 <1.0 6312 100141 126.7 8.5 0.1 289.7 <0.4 1.7 0.3 0.0 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP031 29.9 <3.7 37.5 136604 122615 83 332.3 129.0 145.5 <1.1 6708 100418 97.4 9.0 <0.1 308.0 <0.3 2.4 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 35.3 <3.5 47.7 136150 125022 178 296.8 150.9 162.3 <0.9 6965 103841 101.5 9.1 0.2 346.6 <0.4 2.3 0.4 0.0 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 46.1 <3.4 61.2 133485 121961 87 332.3 90.0 155.7 <0.9 6223 95445 111.1 8.4 0.1 359.3 0.4 5.1 0.8 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
567
NP12AP031 40.4 <5.4 67.2 129751 122615 93 402.4 106.5 156.3 <1.4 6123 96082 119.8 7.5 <0.2 356.8 0.5 5.6 0.8 0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 37.3 4.3 58.8 134260 123614 57 314.2 88.7 155.0 <1.1 6242 98166 127.9 7.0 0.2 411.7 <0.5 3.9 0.7 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 31.8 <4.2 45.7 133151 122629 41 235.8 99.9 154.0 <0.9 6212 99931 118.0 8.4 <0.1 335.1 <0.5 3.3 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 35.9 <4.9 58.6 138797 131480 59 299.1 95.3 188.2 <1.3 6116 105713 164.8 6.7 <0.2 390.1 0.6 3.2 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 32.5 5.9 43.9 137811 124388 66 348.0 110.8 149.4 <2.1 6637 100021 109.0 7.9 <0.2 310.3 <0.5 2.2 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP031 29.9 4.4 45.5 136203 124463 46 348.5 107.9 155.1 <1.6 6439 104474 126.3 9.7 <0.1 335.5 <0.5 3.1 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP031 40.5 6.8 49.3 137106 126352 112 263.5 116.5 142.3 <1.1 6646 100180 98.6 9.6 0.3 365.3 <0.5 3.0 0.4 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 32.5 <5.4 53.6 142752 125775 40 320.3 88.7 161.3 <1.2 6567 102608 123.0 7.0 0.3 369.3 <0.5 2.6 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP031 30.1 4.2 33.5 134544 123034 61 405.5 112.0 162.6 <1.2 6648 105819 133.3 7.6 <0.1 352.5 <0.4 2.5 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP031 37.6 <5.1 57.5 132817 131319 51 338.2 96.9 163.9 <1.8 6411 105560 141.2 9.5 <0.2 385.4 <0.6 4.5 0.9 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP031 39.3 5.1 58.0 144763 129943 68 398.0 77.4 166.1 <1.3 6386 102056 126.8 9.5 <0.2 419.4 <0.5 3.6 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP031 29.0 <5.4 41.0 139991 125144 39 313.5 99.6 160.7 <1.2 6449 106341 128.6 8.8 0.2 353.8 <0.5 2.5 0.4 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP034 38.9 <4.8 89.7 147817 134597 166 402.9 92.1 271.5 <1.7 13361 101843 66.6 13.0 0.5 634.5 0.4 3.0 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP034 42.4 5.4 66.7 138314 127691 233 374.7 66.9 201.9 <1.5 11023 95868 78.4 14.5 0.5 678.1 0.6 3.0 0.6 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 3.9 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP034 37.6 <7.4 81.7 133334 134422 206 201.3 113.5 221.0 <2.1 11837 101448 95.9 19.2 0.4 910.6 0.6 2.5 0.6 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP034 48.8 <6.7 56.8 141520 141475 276 325.4 73.8 239.5 <1.6 11064 106825 89.8 18.6 0.5 709.6 0.4 2.5 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP034 52.3 <8.9 102.5 130993 131341 422 236.8 179.4 214.6 <2.6 10489 97188 75.3 17.5 <0.5 633.1 0.5 3.5 0.6 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.2 0.0
NP12AP034 38.6 <5.7 83.9 138746 131786 434 231.7 215.5 201.4 <1.1 11711 99999 76.6 15.9 0.4 652.6 0.8 3.0 0.5 0.2 <0.0 0.7 0.1 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP034 39.9 <10.4 86.5 133742 132315 353 273.1 129.4 208.6 <2.4 11303 103846 83.8 18.7 <0.5 666.7 1.0 3.2 0.7 0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.1 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.2 <0.0
NP12AP034 46.1 <7.7 87.7 141150 132889 301 320.3 259.4 244.0 <1.9 14491 109079 76.6 14.0 0.6 764.7 <0.3 2.9 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP034 46.9 8.3 95.5 133201 128353 301 253.8 112.7 244.7 <2.1 11963 101427 58.8 14.2 <0.4 530.8 0.5 3.7 0.9 0.2 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 3.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP034 46.4 <6.9 75.1 150324 134703 212 396.4 117.6 199.0 <1.4 11490 104835 69.8 14.4 0.5 625.0 0.4 3.1 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP034 41.0 <5.6 72.4 142913 136376 253 258.4 109.5 201.9 <1.6 12861 109131 88.5 17.3 0.4 805.4 0.3 2.5 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.7 0.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 51.0 <7.5 133.5 139853 134174 41 377.9 123.0 402.9 2.9 6194 120061 133.4 26.2 1.5 449.1 <0.2 2.9 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP036 53.7 <7.2 147.2 151171 150340 86 573.9 118.7 432.5 6.6 6900 124453 134.0 24.8 0.7 459.0 0.5 3.8 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 50.5 <4.5 122.0 141076 134019 68 454.2 96.5 367.0 <1.4 5804 114255 130.2 17.6 1.7 403.7 0.4 3.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 51.9 6.5 163.3 145981 142047 40 287.6 131.1 405.4 3.6 6404 120995 144.5 33.7 0.5 434.4 <0.4 3.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP036 56.4 <8.9 153.4 150846 140309 46 396.9 129.7 423.5 3.2 6373 120219 137.8 30.5 0.6 445.0 <0.4 3.6 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0

( C)
NP12AP036 27.98 0.00 17.44 19.08 0.97 19.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.50 300 SE29C06 MA RAV 2 29 Very good last quarter of signal integrated after initial variable K
NP12AP036 27.57 0.00 17.70 19.21 0.74 18.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.84 300 SE29C07 MA RAV 4 62 Perfect middle of signal integrated between minor blips in K
NP12AP036 28.64 0.00 18.21 18.11 0.72 19.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.54 300 SE29C08 MA RAV 2 19 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K shows variance
NP12AP036 28.28 0.00 17.86 18.92 0.72 19.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.23 300 SE29C09 MA RAV 4 57 Excellent first half of signal integrated until step increase in Sr, Ce, Ca, Pb and Ba
NP12AP036 28.82 0.00 18.16 18.87 0.81 19.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.51 300 SE29C10 MA RAV 2 25 Poor owing to variable K throughout, but part of signal with lowest and smoothest K integrated; all other elements very good
NP12AP036 28.82 0.00 18.16 18.87 0.81 19.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.51 300 SE29C11 MA RAV 3 36 Perfect last quarter of signal integrated after initial spikes in Zr
NP12AP036 28.60 0.00 18.03 18.78 0.79 19.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.80 300 SE29C12 MA RAV 1 17 Good first quarter integrated until step increase in Sr, Y, Pb, Ba, Ce and K
NP12AP036 28.60 0.00 18.03 18.78 0.79 19.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.80 300 SE29C13 MA RAV 4 51 Very good first half of signal integrated until spike in Zr
NP12AP036 28.58 0.00 19.44 17.88 1.32 20.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.57 300 SE29C14 MA RAV 4 70 Excellent last half of signal integrated following initial spike in Zr
NP12AP036 27.68 0.00 18.88 17.57 1.21 19.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.03 300 SE29C15 MA RAV 4 85 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP12AP036 27.92 0.00 18.99 18.32 1.20 20.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.46 300 SE29C16 MA RAV 4 55 Very good last half of signal integrated after initially variable K
NP12AP036 28.07 0.00 19.20 18.37 1.23 19.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.73 300 SE29C17 MA RAV 3 77 Reasonable first half of signal integrated until increase in Na and Sr, but signal does have slightly variable K
NP12AP039 30.72 0.00 18.54 12.83 3.03 23.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.83 266 SE28E06 MA V 2 22 Very good first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Sr, some Na present
NP12AP039 30.40 0.00 18.27 12.53 2.92 23.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.28 266 SE28E07 MA V 4 88 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until small step increase in Na, Na present throughout
NP12AP039 30.01 0.00 17.27 12.22 2.81 22.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.84 266 SE28E08 MA V 4 111 Excellent signal, only one minor increase in Sr but integrated throughout
NP12AP039 30.03 0.00 17.65 12.48 2.40 21.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.14 266 SE28E09 MA V 3 37 Excellent middle part of signal integrated between slightly elevated Na
NP12AP039 29.93 0.00 18.12 12.04 3.10 23.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.35 266 SE28E11 MA V 4 81 Perfect last three quarters of signal following initial Zr spike
NP12AP039 30.08 0.00 18.33 13.02 2.03 21.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.11 266 SE28E12 MA V 4 47 Excellent last quarter of signal integrated following initial spikes in Zr, Y and U
NP12AP039 30.36 0.00 17.31 11.94 2.40 23.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.65 266 SE28E13 MA V 4 64 Excellent last half of signal integrated following initial spikes in Zr, Y and U
NP12AP039 28.84 0.00 18.95 14.88 3.14 20.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.65 266 SE28E14 MA V 4 84 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated following initial spike in Zr, Y and U
NP12AP039 29.16 0.00 18.57 13.92 2.89 21.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.30 266 SE28E15 MA V 1 13 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until spikes in Zr, U and Y
NP12AP039 29.33 0.00 17.89 12.59 3.01 22.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.06 266 SE28E16 MA V 4 85 Perfect middle of signal integrated between spikes in Zr, Y and U
NP12AP039 30.53 0.00 18.27 12.18 1.77 23.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.95 266 SE28E17 MA V 1 13 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until spikes in Zr, U and Y
NP12AP039 30.27 0.00 18.93 12.77 1.69 23.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.67 266 SE28E18 MA V 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP039 30.46 0.00 17.48 12.21 2.43 23.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.82 266 SE28E20 MA V 1 20 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until step change in most elements indicating ablation of a new grain
568
NP12AP040A 29.67 0.00 17.50 18.14 0.59 20.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.84 283 SE29D01 MA RAV 4 41 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large spikes in Zr, U and Y
NP12AP040A 29.54 0.00 18.38 17.63 0.79 21.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.96 283 SE29D02 MA RAV 0 7 Poor, with a few slices integrated between large spikes in Ce, Sr, U and Y
NP12AP040A 29.52 0.00 17.76 17.50 0.65 21.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.70 283 SE29D03 MA RAV 2 20 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and K, K is still slightly elevated
NP12AP040A 29.18 0.00 19.88 17.23 0.89 20.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.17 283 SE29D06 MA RAV 4 109 Very good signal integrated throughout, although is elevated in K
NP12AP040A 29.20 0.00 19.25 17.30 0.85 21.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.85 283 SE29D07 MA RAV 4 89 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP12AP040A 29.05 0.00 18.84 16.51 0.62 21.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.41 283 SE29D08 MA RAV 4 109 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP040A 29.18 0.00 17.78 17.41 0.48 20.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.35 283 SE29D10 MA RAV 4 63 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase and spikes in Ce, Y and La
NP12AP040A 30.12 0.00 19.75 17.47 0.75 22.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 90.17 283 SE29D11 MA RAV 2 22 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Sr, Ce, La and U.
NP12AP040A 28.34 0.00 18.78 17.51 0.75 20.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.11 283 SE29D13 MA RAV 2 24 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Ti, Zr and Y.
NP12AP040A 29.44 0.00 18.04 17.63 0.58 21.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.75 283 SE29D14 MA RAV 1 19 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until spikes in Sr, Ti, U, Y, Ce and Ca.
NP12AP040A 29.91 0.00 18.37 17.55 0.71 21.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.52 283 SE29D16 MA RAV 3 33 Excellent third quarter signal integrated after initial irregularities in all elements until spikes in Ce, Y, La and U.
NP12AP040A 28.64 0.00 18.97 17.35 0.68 20.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.43 283 SE29D17 MA RAV 4 82 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP045 28.49 0.00 19.93 18.49 0.96 20.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.47 311 FE05C05 MA RAV 4 58 Excellent signal throughout, but integrated between minor spikes in Ba.
NP12AP045 29.33 0.00 20.67 17.91 0.92 19.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.26 311 FE05C06 MA RAV 4 100 Appears excellent in all elements except slight irregularity in K, but averaged through integration of entire signal
NP12AP045 29.26 0.00 20.50 17.93 1.06 19.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.74 311 FE05C08 MA RAV 4 85 Excellent after initial blip in K, with perfect signal for last three quarters.
NP12AP045 30.38 0.00 19.90 18.02 0.80 20.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.64 311 FE05C13 MA RAV 4 70 Appears very good throughout, but integrated after initial broad hump in K and Ba, where signal is perfect.
NP12AP045 28.71 0.00 19.78 18.17 0.89 19.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.35 311 FE05C14 MA RAV 4 108 Perfect signal throughout
NP12AP056 28.43 0.00 18.54 18.87 0.49 20.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.63 268 SE29E03 MA RAV 4 40 Excellent first half of signal integrated following initial spike in Ce until step increase in Sr and Ce
NP12AP056 29.69 0.00 17.93 19.49 0.40 19.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.28 268 SE29E04 MA RAV 2 29 Very good second quarter of signal integrated following initially elevated Ce and Ti until Pb beings to increase
NP12AP056 29.33 0.00 18.63 18.98 0.50 20.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.15 268 SE29E05 MA RAV 4 112 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP056 29.01 0.00 18.76 19.44 0.49 20.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.21 268 SE29E07 MA RAV 4 84 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated following initial elevation in most elements (likely small inclusion)
NP12AP056 30.21 0.00 18.90 18.80 0.53 20.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.00 268 SE29E08 MA RAV 4 77 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated following initial elevation in most elements (likely small inclusion)
NP12AP056 28.71 0.00 18.21 19.13 0.46 20.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.91 268 SE29E09 MA RAV 1 16 Good last quarter of signal integrated after a series of clear inclusions rich in T, Zr and Y in initial signal
NP12AP056 28.60 0.00 17.40 19.01 0.57 20.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.67 268 SE29E10 MA RAV 4 59 Excellent first half of signal integrated until spike in Ti, Zr and Y
NP12AP056 29.35 0.00 18.01 18.73 0.54 20.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.26 268 SE29E11 MA RAV 2 27 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial Zr, U and Y spike until spikes in Ti and Y
NP12AP056 28.62 0.00 17.99 19.55 0.59 18.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.70 268 SE29E12 MA RAV 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated between spikes in Zr and U
NP12AP056 29.31 0.00 18.50 20.16 0.57 19.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.54 268 SE29E13 MA RAV 4 108 Perfect smooth signal integrated throughout, but does have slightly higher K

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP12AP036 46.2 <14.0 112.7 135222 139396 53 432.2 124.4 346.3 4.4 5829 112278 135.2 39.1 <0.6 408.1 <0.7 5.5 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0
NP12AP036 46.5 <6.5 141.2 138820 135094 46 408.0 116.8 368.9 4.3 5795 109565 127.4 25.4 0.4 420.5 <0.2 3.6 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 51.1 <6.7 144.4 145396 133116 102 407.2 146.4 362.1 3.4 6126 113833 131.9 28.5 0.5 418.5 <0.3 3.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6 <0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 50.9 <4.5 163.5 138478 129844 56 388.2 129.1 351.6 4.8 5830 106005 127.8 31.8 0.3 397.7 0.4 3.2 0.1 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 52.9 8.6 153.6 141979 137117 90 365.0 120.4 358.2 3.4 5686 111536 134.1 23.5 0.6 385.9 <0.3 3.6 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP036 47.9 <10.8 190.7 131750 133088 54 <238 119.9 355.7 4.0 5943 111000 137.4 35.6 1.8 403.1 <0.5 6.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.4 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.2 0.0
NP12AP036 53.9 <9.0 161.0 129969 129641 66 545.5 112.1 368.6 <2.2 6467 115051 124.8 24.7 1.2 428.2 <0.3 4.7 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 52.7 6.3 146.3 142012 126324 87 435.1 114.7 361.3 <1.8 6045 112068 118.5 25.3 1.1 395.1 0.4 4.8 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 34.1 <9.4 119.7 140323 132346 218 375.4 199.6 167.3 <2.4 9834 103506 110.8 17.3 <0.4 449.2 <0.5 3.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 39.9 13.0 103.1 145398 131925 287 286.1 160.2 168.9 <1.7 8987 100473 108.3 18.0 <0.4 412.4 <0.4 3.3 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP036 34.5 <13.5 236.4 135028 132543 222 310.8 186.0 165.6 <2.9 8908 99974 112.9 15.8 <0.6 409.4 <0.6 4.4 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.2 0.0
NP12AP036 38.9 <8.5 294.5 140140 127708 230 424.8 194.8 175.4 <2.2 9166 101660 106.9 14.4 0.4 438.8 0.4 5.5 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 45.1 <6.6 816.2 167020 138711 158 671.4 79.5 199.5 1.7 19460 68632 34.5 24.5 1.0 1381.6 <0.4 19.4 0.0 1.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 48.1 <5.8 954.8 162048 142890 154 759.7 72.0 196.2 <1.5 19189 70942 34.5 24.9 0.7 1333.7 <0.3 27.0 0.0 1.1 <0.0 0.6 0.1 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 42.7 <5.7 733.5 153852 130737 126 701.2 72.6 183.8 1.6 18590 66399 33.3 23.2 0.8 1257.0 0.3 20.1 0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 43.6 <6.9 639.4 153498 139394 139 655.4 70.0 183.7 1.6 18420 68056 33.8 23.7 0.5 1317.7 0.3 22.3 0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP039 41.4 <7.3 146.3 161246 134034 119 494.4 67.3 168.8 19.6 20278 69642 37.8 29.6 1.0 1308.2 <0.3 11.5 0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 44.0 <8.5 104.8 160407 139886 144 357.4 66.9 162.6 16.5 19994 71685 39.9 32.5 0.8 1365.0 <0.3 9.5 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 37.7 10.8 152.4 155116 129967 116 391.0 59.7 164.8 12.7 18035 66729 35.5 30.3 1.5 1235.7 <0.3 9.7 0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.6 0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 49.3 <7.9 168.1 156376 140305 63 518.1 76.5 242.5 <2.3 20802 76501 35.6 23.7 2.2 1532.6 0.5 16.0 0.0 0.6 <0.0 1.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 52.0 <10.0 183.0 172030 133156 66 535.3 80.7 252.6 3.1 21399 73458 30.8 21.4 2.4 1536.1 <0.4 16.2 0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.8 0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 46.9 <7.1 117.3 154291 134212 69 531.4 73.0 212.3 3.3 20240 72201 33.9 22.2 1.7 1470.2 0.6 13.8 0.1 0.5 <0.0 1.1 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 75.5 <9.8 154.7 160116 122403 113 929.9 50.5 225.5 39.5 11542 64193 32.7 46.3 1.6 1834.9 <0.3 15.5 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP039 86.3 <6.2 211.1 163651 137665 125 708.6 54.4 253.2 142.8 12320 73184 36.7 58.1 1.9 1931.5 0.4 16.4 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.8 0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 84.9 <6.4 178.5 148267 130503 113 666.9 49.0 239.8 102.7 11372 65800 33.9 52.8 1.8 1744.5 0.4 15.4 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.9 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP039 55.2 <7.6 110.6 162502 136681 250 618.1 66.2 184.5 55.0 15209 66834 33.7 30.6 3.7 1505.9 <0.3 9.1 0.0 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
569
NP12AP039 48.5 <7.5 141.1 160431 138869 123 514.7 72.7 224.3 20.4 17938 71422 33.5 27.8 3.7 1325.8 0.3 10.3 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP040A 57.5 6.4 240.6 141964 134902 136 410.7 97.0 416.4 4.3 4238 99055 8.9 13.0 0.5 226.2 0.4 3.3 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP040A 84.2 <10.3 289.7 152381 139188 136 542.8 150.7 513.6 3.3 4305 108162 10.2 13.4 <0.5 241.0 0.8 4.4 0.7 0.5 <0.0 1.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.2 0.0
NP12AP040A 62.2 <6.1 139.4 153436 143286 116 444.2 100.1 450.8 2.6 4634 101837 8.9 11.0 0.5 228.0 <0.3 4.0 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP040A 64.5 <7.5 183.2 155645 144594 293 323.1 152.6 416.1 9.0 5987 112673 12.4 14.1 0.6 294.6 0.6 2.9 0.3 0.1 <0.0 1.0 0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP040A 59.2 <9.8 185.8 151915 143182 321 282.4 185.5 378.5 3.7 5232 110176 13.4 15.1 <0.4 264.3 <0.4 3.0 0.1 0.0 <0.0 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP040A 65.4 <9.1 178.7 150049 133735 332 374.5 190.0 381.6 6.2 5050 107711 13.9 14.6 0.6 269.3 0.4 3.0 0.1 0.0 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP040A 66.3 12.9 212.9 142943 129246 303 490.4 132.0 414.8 <2.9 4791 103027 9.9 12.4 <0.5 231.1 <0.6 3.7 0.5 0.1 <0.0 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.2 <0.0
NP12AP040A 82.8 <9.4 232.3 157515 153314 277 523.1 147.1 523.4 6.0 5922 121960 11.3 13.0 0.5 302.6 0.5 4.2 0.5 0.2 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP040A 45.3 <7.8 200.1 153655 128844 160 370.2 85.8 429.3 6.1 4878 103476 9.8 12.3 0.6 227.1 0.4 3.4 0.6 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP040A 55.7 <8.6 184.4 142360 125210 158 568.4 84.6 422.7 6.6 4611 99848 9.4 13.0 <0.5 217.2 0.5 4.2 0.7 0.3 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP040A 74.6 <13.1 191.7 147090 144830 149 246.4 91.6 482.3 5.5 4352 110655 10.2 14.0 <0.5 230.8 0.6 3.3 0.5 0.2 <0.0 1.4 <0.1 0.4 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP040A 89.9 16.0 307.5 143401 141302 208 457.4 86.0 509.1 <2.9 4563 108135 10.8 12.0 <0.5 223.8 0.6 4.6 0.6 0.3 <0.0 2.0 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP045 45.6 <3.6 182.2 135101 120184 840 430.8 143.4 121.2 <1.1 6177 108968 16.5 6.6 0.3 231.1 <0.4 4.9 0.0 0.9 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 5.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP045 51.7 <4.0 242.7 136719 129904 991 466.6 151.7 129.0 <1.4 6659 111584 19.6 7.7 0.3 267.3 <0.5 5.4 0.0 0.5 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 7.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP045 50.1 <4.3 238.2 136004 128043 868 478.7 149.8 129.3 <1.3 6095 111392 16.8 7.6 0.2 225.4 <0.6 6.5 0.0 0.6 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 5.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP045 41.1 <5.4 217.8 132226 126295 782 338.3 127.4 114.4 <1.2 5993 108503 16.4 7.8 0.3 214.8 <0.7 6.1 0.0 0.3 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 6.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP045 46.1 <3.4 589.0 134811 125591 851 529.6 132.4 117.1 <1.1 6054 108807 16.6 7.9 0.6 219.5 <0.4 9.7 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 6.0 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP056 75.9 8.7 640.1 146523 140186 311 487.5 81.2 564.7 2.5 3441 131240 15.3 13.9 0.7 229.1 1.1 6.8 2.7 0.1 <0.0 1.1 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 <0.1 0.2
NP12AP056 68.7 <6.1 587.3 140827 133754 304 532.3 124.4 545.1 1.5 3268 123192 13.7 14.3 0.3 197.3 1.2 6.1 2.4 0.1 <0.0 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.4 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP056 38.7 <6.9 284.7 147338 131832 132 391.6 53.9 405.1 3.4 3410 118267 11.0 12.4 16.0 210.8 0.4 4.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP056 37.2 <7.1 281.7 143339 132870 114 342.8 62.1 440.7 <1.8 3454 121347 11.7 12.3 1.5 229.5 <0.4 4.4 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.7 <0.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP056 42.4 <12.9 242.3 142351 137036 111 336.6 69.0 478.3 2.8 3479 121955 10.9 10.9 0.7 233.4 0.9 3.3 0.8 0.1 <0.0 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.2 0.1
NP12AP056 40.1 <19.7 177.2 133300 127708 93 <310.4 70.6 413.2 <4.3 3485 116711 14.1 15.1 <0.8 235.4 <0.7 2.9 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.0 0.0 <0.2 <0.2 0.0
NP12AP056 44.3 <7.7 147.6 137482 122604 74 286.6 89.6 468.8 <1.5 3715 111832 11.9 9.9 1.5 229.4 <0.3 1.6 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP056 45.0 <10.6 117.4 142238 124984 89 294.9 86.0 454.0 <2.6 3451 116549 9.6 11.6 <0.5 190.3 <0.4 1.5 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP056 35.9 <11.6 154.9 137589 118679 67 358.1 94.9 499.6 <2.2 3769 116431 12.3 10.4 4.4 235.8 <0.4 2.8 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP056 66.3 <6.0 376.9 140661 135450 306 428.5 145.1 612.3 <1.4 3397 126159 12.8 17.8 0.5 191.3 1.3 5.1 3.1 0.1 <0.0 1.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1

( C)
NP12AP056 29.26 0.00 18.31 20.85 0.52 19.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.41 268 SE29E14 MA RAV 3 39 Excellent second quarter signal integrated after initial spike in Ti until step increase in Sr and Ba; again higher K than in previous signals
NP12AP056 29.24 0.00 18.69 19.25 0.50 19.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.40 268 SE29E15 MA RAV 4 68 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large increase in Ti, Y, Ba, Zr, La and Ca
NP12AP056 29.39 0.00 18.46 20.48 0.46 19.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.15 268 SE29E16 MA RAV 4 95 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP056 29.56 0.00 18.33 20.22 0.56 19.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.99 268 SE29E17 MA RAV 4 85 Excellent signal integrated until spike in Zr in last quarter
NP12AP062 27.90 0.00 20.52 18.05 2.96 18.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.43 306 JA14D02 MA V 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP062 27.94 0.00 20.33 17.88 3.02 17.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.15 306 JA14D15 MA V 4 80 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP12AP073 27.53 0.00 17.29 18.27 1.69 18.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.00 302 SE29F01 MA RAV 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until Sn increases just before another grain is penetrated
NP12AP073 28.75 0.00 17.67 18.26 1.61 19.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.54 302 SE29F02 MA RAV 3 35 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial inclusions rich in Zr, Y, U and Ti
NP12AP073 28.75 0.00 17.67 18.26 1.61 19.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.54 302 SE29F03 MA RAV 4 108 Perfect signal integrated throughout
570
NP12AP073 28.19 0.00 18.37 16.53 2.09 19.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.68 302 SE29F06 MA RAV 4 46 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Y and K
NP12AP073 27.40 0.00 18.57 18.62 1.96 18.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.73 302 SE29F07 MA RAV 3 33 Very good last quarter of signal integrated following minor variability in K
NP12AP073 28.15 0.00 18.31 15.75 1.95 20.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.75 302 SE29F10 MA RAV 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K becomes variable
NP12AP073 28.11 0.00 19.67 16.98 2.31 18.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.74 302 SE29F12 MA RAV 4 73 Excellent second half of signal integrated following initial spikes in Ba
NP12AP073 27.53 0.00 18.71 17.73 1.89 18.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.82 302 SE29F14 MA RAV 4 78 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated throughout
NP12AP073 28.52 0.00 20.35 17.64 2.01 17.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.16 302 SE29F15 MA RAV 4 44 Good middle section of signal integrated after initially elevated K and Y until K increases
NP12AP073 26.72 0.00 19.22 19.17 2.01 16.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.57 302 SE29F16 MA RAV 4 93 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP073 27.77 0.00 20.71 19.58 1.91 16.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.00 302 SE29F17 MA RAV 4 90 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP073 29.37 0.00 20.48 18.24 1.89 18.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.35 302 SE29F18 MA RAV 2 21 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in K, Sr and Ba
NP12AP073 27.53 0.00 17.29 18.27 1.69 18.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.00 302 SE29F19 MA RAV 4 84 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti, Ba and Y
NP12AP073 28.47 0.00 17.76 18.44 1.55 18.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.21 302 SE29F20 CP RAV 4 43 Perfect first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ti
NP12AP073 28.02 0.00 18.57 17.32 2.09 19.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.07 302 SE29F22 CP RAV 4 110 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP073 28.73 0.00 18.25 18.20 1.51 19.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.75 302 SE29F23 CP RAV 4 88 Perfect last three quarters of signal
NP12AP073 28.42 0.00 18.12 18.21 1.50 18.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.16 302 SE29F24 CP RAV 1 10 Good first few slices integrated until step increase in Ti (inclusion)
NP12AP073 28.17 0.00 17.67 18.74 1.14 18.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.64 302 SE29F25 CP RAV 4 77 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated after initially elevated Ti and K
NP12AP073 28.73 0.00 18.25 18.20 1.51 19.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.75 302 SE29F26 CP RAV 4 95 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP12AP093 28.84 0.00 21.16 17.38 1.23 21.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 90.01 314 JA08D01 MA R 4 101 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP093 27.51 0.00 20.26 18.05 1.27 19.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.80 314 JA08D06 MA R 3 101 Good signal in all elements but K integrated throughout; K is elevated and slightly variable throughout
NP12AP093 27.38 0.00 19.90 17.30 1.19 19.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.35 314 JA08D07 MA R 3 46 Good first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ti, Ca and REE's; K elevated and slightly variable
NP12AP093 27.62 0.00 20.48 18.06 1.19 18.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.24 314 JA08D08 MA R 2 23 Good last quarter of signal integrated after broad bump in K and Sr
NP12AP093 27.40 0.00 20.41 16.71 1.29 20.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.72 314 JA08D09 MA R 3 43 Reasonable last half of signal integrated after initial elevated K, Sr and Li
NP12AP093 27.57 0.00 20.31 17.42 1.12 20.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.87 314 JA08D14 MA R 2 20 Excellent last quarter of signal integrated after initial large spikes in Cu

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP12AP056 65.9 <5.3 374.8 140970 133158 304 546.0 139.0 593.1 1.8 3416 125996 12.8 16.8 0.7 194.4 1.0 5.8 3.3 0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP056 63.8 <5.0 255.9 145536 136236 178 355.6 77.3 565.4 <1.5 3929 121239 13.1 16.3 0.7 193.0 1.1 4.0 2.4 0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP056 71.6 <8.1 414.4 138491 148662 172 425.9 156.1 566.5 <2.2 3583 124565 13.4 16.0 0.7 205.9 1.4 6.1 3.5 0.1 <0.0 1.6 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP056 65.3 <6.7 476.9 132884 135099 175 372.4 152.9 594.3 <1.9 3431 123934 12.5 15.3 <0.4 190.1 1.3 4.3 3.0 0.1 <0.0 1.7 <0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP062 55.0 4.8 104.0 140767 123728 109 246.3 109.3 163.4 <1.7 22662 62854 30.6 12.8 <0.3 1787.0 0.6 4.1 1.3 0.2 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 54.5 4.3 100.4 139465 126975 109 223.9 109.4 163.5 <1.2 22697 63795 30.5 12.7 0.4 1798.2 <0.5 3.9 1.2 0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 55.5 5.0 99.0 143070 128056 103 264.2 113.2 167.6 1.5 23034 63019 29.5 13.1 0.4 1808.9 0.7 4.2 1.4 0.2 <0.1 0.9 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 53.9 5.0 89.2 145189 127305 106 322.7 114.4 164.5 <1.5 23625 64465 32.7 13.6 0.4 1794.3 0.8 3.9 1.1 0.2 <0.1 1.1 0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP062 54.2 4.6 85.4 138063 123582 110 290.1 116.1 156.8 <1.3 22692 63909 32.1 13.5 <0.3 1863.8 0.6 3.5 1.0 0.2 <0.1 0.9 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP062 52.2 5.3 70.4 141063 123389 109 249.4 119.3 159.1 <1.5 23223 62474 32.2 13.8 0.3 1741.7 0.5 4.2 1.0 0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP062 54.8 5.1 98.4 141010 125336 97 240.6 107.4 159.3 <1.1 23422 62000 29.6 12.9 0.3 1742.0 0.7 4.8 1.2 0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.1 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 56.7 4.8 54.6 137609 126776 122 307.9 112.6 163.8 <1.3 22734 63905 31.5 13.1 0.5 1769.7 <0.5 3.4 1.2 0.2 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 56.4 4.3 77.6 140140 126819 120 242.9 113.9 162.2 <1.4 22905 62359 31.7 13.1 0.4 1768.5 0.6 3.8 1.1 0.1 <0.1 1.0 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP062 58.4 4.8 81.8 144980 130578 120 322.7 119.8 163.5 <1.1 23753 63428 32.7 14.2 0.5 1853.2 0.9 4.3 1.2 0.2 <0.1 0.9 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP062 57.5 5.1 71.9 139719 125786 124 314.1 110.7 159.2 <1.3 22672 62883 32.2 14.2 0.4 1766.0 0.7 4.1 1.1 0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 55.9 4.6 72.6 138597 125147 127 284.7 113.4 161.6 <1.5 22579 61977 31.8 13.3 0.4 1775.5 0.8 4.0 1.1 0.1 <0.1 1.0 0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 55.9 4.8 79.0 138899 128972 127 331.9 112.2 161.4 <1.2 23204 63666 33.9 13.4 0.4 1851.8 0.6 3.9 1.1 0.1 <0.1 0.9 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 56.8 4.9 75.4 139207 125029 127 280.3 113.6 161.9 <1.3 22839 60369 31.1 12.1 <0.3 1771.1 0.8 4.5 1.3 0.1 <0.0 1.0 0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP062 54.0 4.9 68.2 143079 127400 117 331.5 110.5 160.1 <1.4 23346 60760 32.3 14.5 0.6 1791.2 0.8 5.0 1.2 0.2 <0.1 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 59.6 4.7 68.3 146758 131422 107 345.4 111.2 170.8 <1.3 23573 62897 30.8 13.8 <0.3 1866.3 0.8 4.6 1.3 0.1 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP062 56.9 4.8 63.7 145357 129766 115 284.4 112.3 166.5 <1.3 23168 60845 31.4 13.9 <0.3 1843.4 0.9 4.4 1.4 0.2 <0.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP073 41.8 <5.4 168.1 128203 117359 47 359.7 40.1 179.9 1.3 11332 109675 82.3 14.9 0.6 1360.4 0.7 3.9 1.0 0.1 <0.0 1.2 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP073 49.3 <11.6 257.3 127309 136498 58 230.0 112.9 223.0 <2.8 11844 112666 62.9 18.7 <0.6 1411.9 <0.6 4.6 2.0 0.8 <0.0 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP073 49.3 6.1 215.4 126796 125007 55 320.7 89.8 217.5 <1.4 12345 110477 55.2 16.3 0.4 1421.9 0.4 4.2 1.9 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP073 52.4 <7.8 219.9 138713 133515 52 353.7 106.0 224.0 2.4 13604 120442 58.9 17.7 0.7 1570.9 0.6 4.3 2.2 0.4 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP073 50.7 <5.6 182.8 129728 127184 85 389.8 78.9 160.8 1.9 14158 114634 53.5 20.5 0.5 1483.4 0.5 4.8 1.6 0.2 <0.0 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
571
NP12AP073 39.6 <7.1 125.6 127056 114299 63 263.5 99.1 124.6 <1.5 15722 102027 55.4 18.8 0.4 1259.6 <0.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 <0.0 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP073 52.2 <24.2 189.0 107771 110059 124 660.3 73.6 146.8 <6.5 13153 101402 44.0 14.7 <1.2 1441.4 <0.8 4.3 2.2 0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.2 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.3 0.0
NP12AP073 51.2 <22.7 106.9 122036 112973 104 362.4 98.8 145.0 <5.4 14947 105079 49.2 16.2 <1.1 1476.0 <0.9 4.7 1.9 0.2 <0.1 <0.6 <0.2 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 <0.3 0.1
NP12AP073 40.4 <6.3 113.6 133334 117132 117 342.5 97.5 130.6 <1.8 16401 106766 59.2 18.5 0.7 1296.5 0.4 3.2 0.9 0.1 <0.0 0.5 <0.0 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP073 48.8 <31.0 316.6 125478 120215 110 <441.9 96.1 155.7 <8.2 15886 106990 52.2 17.9 <1.5 1462.6 <1.3 5.1 1.9 0.2 <0.1 <0.8 <0.2 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.5 <0.4 <0.1
NP12AP073 37.0 <34.2 214.1 123009 113953 79 <515.4 114.4 111.2 <7.2 13488 102534 58.1 18.2 <1.5 1375.9 <1.1 3.8 1.2 0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.3 <0.0
NP12AP073 46.5 <41.4 <199.3 132055 119748 199 <636.7 118.5 136.4 <8.3 16675 109024 58.0 17.8 <1.9 1520.2 <1.8 4.6 1.7 0.1 <0.1 <1.2 <0.3 5.5 0.1 0.1 0.4 <0.5 <0.0
NP12AP073 42.0 <15.0 135.3 115976 116610 76 317.3 93.1 143.2 <4.3 14935 107276 49.3 18.7 <0.8 1419.6 <0.7 2.7 1.5 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.3 0.0
NP12AP073 45.0 <30.4 <158.3 131108 124539 58 <415.4 107.2 140.0 <6.7 16386 114738 58.8 22.2 <1.2 1563.6 <1.2 3.6 1.8 0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.4 <0.1
NP12AP073 47.3 <24.1 <126.3 141660 115669 83 <363.48 103.3 159.3 <6.4 16853 117252 51.4 20.1 <1.1 1487.3 <0.8 5.2 2.0 0.2 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 <0.4 0.1
NP12AP073 42.8 <6.2 185.1 127395 126106 57 277.9 57.7 162.6 <2.1 11037 112257 89.0 16.6 0.4 1357.3 0.7 3.3 0.8 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP073 28.7 <10.1 123.5 127702 112515 118 201.1 61.7 172.6 2.8 10741 106681 74.8 26.6 0.6 1221.3 0.5 2.5 0.7 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP073 36.2 <13.6 168.2 131276 119270 124 356.6 91.3 175.0 4.8 12363 109374 76.8 27.1 <0.6 1352.6 0.6 2.6 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.2 <0.0
NP12AP073 31.7 <14.0 120.8 130361 118272 93 <200.7 107.4 182.3 <3.1 11876 106627 79.6 27.1 <0.7 1273.2 <0.5 2.8 0.6 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP073 32.9 <12.8 106.3 133212 110234 189 213.4 91.7 179.5 5.1 11409 111839 73.9 27.1 <0.6 1227.6 <0.4 2.4 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP073 28.0 <12.2 118.8 126341 114335 76 <221.5 96.0 169.0 <4.6 10392 104465 86.5 28.2 0.7 1234.3 <0.5 2.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.2 <0.0
NP12AP073 32.6 <23.0 <96.3 125360 118065 84 <300 89.8 179.9 7.7 9719 113568 90.8 29.8 1.5 1252.1 <0.7 2.9 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.3 <0.0
NP12AP093 29.3 5.2 65.9 162804 127608 210 453.6 406.0 369.0 19.0 8759 58498 2.4 35.5 0.8 784.8 <0.4 12.3 0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 3.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 29.3 5.3 66.1 162489 129917 219 355.8 408.8 377.3 18.0 8867 59769 2.4 37.0 0.7 813.6 <0.5 11.8 0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 3.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 28.5 5.9 58.2 153395 121735 141 404.4 399.0 355.0 9.2 8461 56992 2.6 34.7 2.1 761.7 <0.4 12.3 0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 3.4 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 27.5 5.4 62.4 159269 127570 244 426.1 415.1 340.1 16.5 8461 56958 2.2 34.8 0.9 777.6 <0.4 12.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 3.9 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 29.6 5.6 62.1 161855 128621 286 362.0 426.8 374.3 12.4 8762 59399 2.6 35.8 0.8 808.9 0.6 12.6 0.1 0.4 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 5.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 31.5 5.9 64.9 150632 124596 377 388.1 396.0 418.9 3.3 8359 56772 2.9 28.7 0.9 735.9 <0.4 9.8 0.1 0.2 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 2.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 32.4 6.0 60.5 151086 121072 336 472.6 364.5 401.4 4.1 8240 55311 2.7 27.6 1.2 707.1 <0.3 9.7 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 3.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 32.7 6.0 60.8 144612 119823 429 529.2 343.6 448.8 11.0 8135 58024 3.1 33.5 <0.4 826.8 0.8 9.2 0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 3.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP093 31.7 6.1 52.0 147438 127245 457 288.3 365.9 395.0 7.4 8113 57185 2.8 34.2 <0.4 797.1 <0.5 10.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 4.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 26.1 3.7 53.4 142257 110136 151 330.8 364.0 297.7 11.4 7530 50563 2.0 31.3 0.5 647.1 <0.4 10.7 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 2.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 27.8 5.4 54.5 151508 120391 203 238.9 428.0 340.2 19.6 8103 57418 2.1 37.4 1.2 766.7 <0.9 11.2 0.1 0.5 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 3.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0

( C)
NP12AP093 27.27 0.00 19.84 17.39 0.99 19.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.28 314 JA08D15 MA R 1 17 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Cu
NP12AP093 27.75 0.00 20.39 17.55 1.14 20.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.18 314 JA08D16 MA R 4 104 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP093 27.77 0.00 20.39 17.25 1.16 20.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.03 314 JA08D17 MA R 2 27 Good last quarter of signal integrated after broad bump in K, Sr and Li
NP12AP093 27.75 0.00 20.39 17.55 1.14 20.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.18 314 JA08D18 MA R 4 59 Excellent first half of signal integrated until detection of K
NP12AP093 27.55 0.00 20.50 17.06 1.08 20.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.29 314 JA08D19 MA R 4 68 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated K
NP12AP093 26.95 0.00 20.29 18.05 1.28 19.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.98 314 JA08D20 MA R 1 15 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial signal irregularities until increase in K
NP12AP093 27.51 0.00 20.29 17.68 0.93 20.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.82 314 JA08D22 MA R 4 93 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP093 27.49 0.00 20.27 17.46 1.12 20.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.49 314 JA08D23 MA R 3 30 Perfect first half of signal integrated until K and Ca increase
NP12AP096 28.90 0.00 18.18 20.56 1.20 19.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.06 279 JA08B04 CP RAV 4 44 Perfect middle of signal integrated after initial signal instability until large increase in K, Sr, Ca, Ti
NP12AP096 28.43 0.00 18.35 21.83 0.89 18.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.59 279 JA08B05 CP RAV 3 36 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large increase in Ti and Sr
NP12AP096 28.67 0.00 18.37 21.10 1.01 18.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.78 279 JA08B06 CP RAV 1 14 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Ti, Zr and Pb
NP12AP096 28.67 0.00 18.37 21.10 1.01 18.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.78 279 JA08B07 CP RAV 4 51 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti and reduced Sr
NP12AP096 28.67 0.00 18.37 21.10 1.01 18.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.78 279 JA08B08 CP RAV 1 14 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Zr and U
NP12AP096 28.67 0.00 18.37 21.10 1.01 18.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.78 279 JA08B09 CP RAV 4 57 Excellent first half of signal integrated until Sr begins to increase
NP12AP096 27.53 0.00 18.74 19.81 1.32 18.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.76 279 JA08B10 CP RAV 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP096 27.77 0.00 17.95 20.89 1.08 18.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.77 279 JA08B11 CP RAV 4 51 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large spike in Zr, U and Y
NP12AP096 28.60 0.00 17.69 21.14 1.07 17.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.45 279 JA08B12 CP RAV 4 54 Perfect first half of signal integrated until K is detected
NP12AP096 27.83 0.00 18.67 20.02 1.29 19.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.91 279 JA08B13 CP RAV 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP096 28.11 0.00 18.82 20.07 1.43 19.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.65 279 JA08B14 CP RAV 0 9 Good first few slices integrated until large spike in Zr
NP12AP096 27.83 0.00 18.67 20.02 1.29 19.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.91 279 JA08B15 CP RAV 3 50 Reasonable last half of signal integrated, only minor spikes in Zr only
NP12AP096 28.56 0.00 18.25 20.43 1.11 18.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.99 279 JA08B16 CP RAV 4 44 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial irregular and spiky Zr and Sr
NP12AP096 28.56 0.00 18.50 20.92 1.17 18.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.77 279 JA08B17 CP RAV 4 79 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr and U
NP12AP096 27.36 0.00 19.42 20.65 1.25 18.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.62 279 JA08B18 CP RAV 2 25 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr until large bump in Ti and Ca
NP12AP096 27.70 0.00 18.90 20.04 1.59 19.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.41 279 JA08B19 CP RAV 2 26 Good first half of signal integrated until bump in Na and Sr
NP12AP096 28.04 0.00 18.38 20.31 1.43 19.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.25 279 JA08B20 CP RAV 1 17 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated spikes in Zr
572
NP12AP096 28.37 0.00 18.65 20.47 1.14 18.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.19 279 JA08B21 CP RAV 1 15 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial Zr spike until grain is ablated through
NP12AP096 27.94 0.00 19.05 20.04 1.33 19.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.73 279 JA08B22 CP RAV 4 60 Perfect first half of signal integrated until slight increase in Sr
NP12AP098 29.71 0.00 18.04 18.73 0.96 19.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.08 275 FE05B08 MA R 4 113 Appears excellent throughout, but does have slightly irregular Sr
NP12AP098 29.99 0.00 17.19 19.32 0.83 20.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.38 275 FE05B11 MA R 1 19 Good first 20 slices until K increases followed by sudden spikes in Ti
NP12AP098 29.99 0.00 17.19 19.32 0.83 20.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.38 275 FE05B12 MA R 4 84 Very good after initial irregularity in K and Ti
NP12AP098 29.82 0.00 17.12 20.88 0.80 19.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.94 275 FE05B13 MA R 0 8 Very poor after first 8 slices with sudden changes in almost all elements
NP12AP113 28.69 0.00 17.86 17.91 0.88 20.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.21 261 JA05A07 MA RAV 1 15 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until bump in Na and Sr
NP12AP113 28.64 0.00 17.25 17.57 0.74 20.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.02 261 JA05A08 MA RAV 4 46 Excellent middle of signal integrated after initial bump in Na and Sr until large step increase in Ti, Ca and Zr
NP12AP113 28.69 0.00 18.42 17.90 0.98 20.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.71 261 JA05A09 CP RAV 4 105 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP113 28.99 0.00 17.61 16.90 0.93 21.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.51 261 JA05A10 MA RAV 0 9 Very good first few slices integrated until large step increase in Ti, Ca, Zr and Y
NP12AP113 28.90 0.00 17.95 17.05 0.87 21.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 261 JA05A11 MA RAV 0 9 Good first few slices integrated until step increase in Na and Sr
NP12AP113 29.46 0.00 17.80 17.02 0.94 21.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.54 261 JA05A12 MA RAV 2 25 Excellent middle of signal integrated after initial minor spike in Ce until large step increase in Ti, Ba, Sr, K and Na
NP12AP113 29.05 0.00 17.57 17.77 0.90 21.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.72 261 JA05A13 MA RAV 2 27 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Na and Sr
NP12AP113 29.03 0.00 17.89 16.88 0.92 21.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.18 261 JA05A14 MA RAV 1 14 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K, Sr and Ba until spike in Zr and U
NP12AP113 29.52 0.00 17.97 17.01 0.89 21.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.65 261 JA05A17 MA RAV 2 24 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti, Ca, Y and Zr
NP12AP113 29.86 0.00 17.55 17.08 0.87 21.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.53 261 JA05A18 MA RAV 4 50 Perfect first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ti, Ca, Y and Zr
NP12AP113 29.63 0.00 17.69 17.17 0.85 21.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.58 261 JA05A19 MA RAV 1 10 Perfect first few slices integrated until Ti increases slightly
NP12AP113 29.33 0.00 17.55 17.52 0.87 21.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.53 261 JA05A21 MA RAV 1 11 Good first few slices integrated until large increase in Ti, Ca, Sr, Y and Ce
NP12AP113 29.09 0.00 17.35 17.68 0.84 21.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.05 261 JA05A22 MA RAV 4 66 Perfect first half of signal integrated until Ti begins to increase
NP12AP113 28.73 0.00 17.70 17.38 0.89 21.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.80 261 JA05A23 MA RAV 3 38 Perfect second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K until large spike in Zr
NP12AP113 28.69 0.00 18.42 17.90 0.98 20.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.71 261 JA05A24 MA RAV 1 17 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Na
NP12AP114 29.46 0.00 17.84 17.02 1.07 20.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.31 284 JA20B06 MA RAV 3 31 Excellent first half of signal integrated until sudden increase in Ti, V, Zr and Pb
NP12AP114 29.48 0.00 17.65 16.09 1.20 21.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.39 284 JA20B07 MA RAV 2 26 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Ti and Zr.
NP12AP114 29.09 0.00 17.70 16.89 1.28 21.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.13 284 JA20B08 MA RAV 4 61 Perfect first half of signal integrated until K and Sr rapidly increase.
NP12AP117 29.35 0.00 18.72 21.20 1.21 19.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.77 280 JA20C05 MA RAV 4 46 Excellent first half integrated until K diverges from other elements
NP12AP117 29.35 0.00 18.72 21.20 1.21 19.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.77 280 JA20C06 MA RAV 1 17 Reasonable first few slices integrated until K increases rapidly
NP13AP016 27.57 0.00 19.61 19.12 1.29 17.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.17 308 OC31C07 MA V 4 65 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until K slightly increases
NP13AP016 27.19 0.00 19.82 19.52 1.28 17.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.23 308 OC31C08 MA V 4 109 Excellent signal integrated throughout

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP12AP093 27.9 4.4 52.2 150426 114438 220 353.8 397.0 339.2 18.8 8001 55666 2.1 32.1 1.7 738.0 <0.9 10.0 0.1 0.4 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 5.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1
NP12AP093 28.7 4.6 51.0 154255 119009 210 435.6 410.6 357.5 19.9 8285 56408 2.3 34.5 2.2 715.7 <0.4 10.3 0.1 0.3 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 4.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 29.0 5.3 53.5 148073 117235 234 479.4 390.0 388.0 27.1 8099 57848 2.2 37.4 0.9 770.5 <0.8 10.6 0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 5.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 30.8 4.4 48.0 151957 121287 237 405.3 374.8 418.0 14.1 8358 58390 2.8 32.2 2.6 723.2 <0.4 9.4 0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 4.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 32.9 5.9 55.7 146949 120108 410 437.9 399.6 422.7 9.0 8010 56662 2.3 36.1 <0.4 756.5 <0.4 12.5 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 5.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 33.6 3.9 58.6 150444 117926 353 429.2 384.5 428.1 9.1 8223 57181 2.5 32.9 0.8 718.4 <0.5 11.8 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 6.6 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 30.1 6.0 56.2 160142 129230 293 368.9 437.5 351.6 7.0 8408 57532 2.1 41.7 0.4 698.8 <0.4 9.9 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 4.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 29.5 6.0 53.3 156647 124075 259 389.0 430.6 352.0 8.6 8210 57057 2.1 39.9 0.5 693.9 <0.4 10.1 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 4.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP093 29.6 6.0 50.6 158459 123692 205 458.1 441.9 361.8 9.1 8386 56172 2.1 40.3 0.7 670.9 <0.4 10.4 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 3.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 28.7 6.4 94.7 149876 135971 100 369.9 171.8 323.9 33.0 8814 61725 42.0 32.0 0.4 755.6 0.5 8.6 0.5 0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 35.2 5.2 97.1 142430 124525 151 571.0 203.8 509.0 51.5 7823 65047 41.5 29.8 <0.2 720.5 0.4 9.9 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 34.3 5.0 135.1 140008 138896 202 574.6 374.2 437.5 48.5 7753 64030 43.2 33.9 <0.4 765.3 1.3 13.0 1.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 1.5 <0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP096 32.6 4.8 133.8 143501 132484 242 576.5 329.4 413.1 61.5 8196 64800 44.2 35.5 <0.5 864.7 0.8 10.8 0.7 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 2.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 14.7 5.8 69.1 152419 138080 85 223.4 151.8 206.8 7.1 9179 61413 22.6 72.6 <0.5 739.3 <0.7 5.6 0.2 0.6 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 19.4 3.8 33.8 149554 128636 87 236.6 229.0 263.2 12.7 10241 62469 37.8 34.6 0.4 722.9 <0.5 2.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 23.3 5.5 69.8 143651 128028 118 358.0 231.8 314.2 52.2 9482 61169 41.5 34.8 0.2 755.1 <0.4 6.7 0.6 0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 32.8 5.2 109.8 140240 124725 152 495.3 222.7 451.7 91.5 7751 63415 41.4 29.3 0.4 732.2 0.6 10.5 0.9 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 32.2 5.5 96.6 135959 123472 236 477.3 337.1 432.1 76.3 7564 62501 39.9 29.4 0.3 704.6 0.4 9.4 0.8 0.2 <0.0 0.9 0.1 2.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 26.1 5.3 83.1 156908 140214 83 340.6 152.6 276.1 13.7 9465 63122 42.5 33.0 0.4 812.5 <0.4 6.7 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 12.9 4.9 25.3 150651 120133 81 203.6 245.8 260.3 7.3 10164 60046 36.1 40.7 0.4 614.3 <0.5 2.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 <0.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 19.3 4.8 40.1 144798 135637 70 369.2 232.4 255.5 10.5 9642 60328 38.3 35.4 0.5 816.7 <0.5 5.6 0.2 0.6 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 21.2 6.1 82.9 143613 135338 133 492.6 238.3 261.6 34.4 8926 61737 35.3 48.5 <0.3 807.5 <0.6 7.4 0.4 0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 31.3 6.4 128.8 146062 140150 122 466.1 207.8 341.1 66.1 8633 63249 42.6 37.9 0.4 790.9 0.7 11.5 1.0 0.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.4 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP096 13.2 4.9 33.7 152805 128694 90 239.0 173.2 237.8 <1.6 10397 63048 38.0 46.7 0.4 685.1 <0.4 3.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 15.6 4.3 20.5 146869 124589 58 273.6 301.5 263.6 5.4 10318 62206 37.0 42.8 0.3 680.9 <0.4 1.4 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 12.3 3.4 24.1 145451 119710 91 166.0 205.6 230.3 <1.5 9872 61156 35.3 43.3 0.4 666.4 <0.4 2.2 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
573
NP12AP096 31.5 4.1 112.1 143445 123988 103 510.9 158.3 342.2 39.1 8507 60513 41.1 38.0 0.5 691.5 <0.7 11.5 1.3 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.0
NP12AP096 13.4 4.0 21.4 151138 122996 34 200.5 148.4 246.1 2.1 9709 59974 30.7 64.4 0.4 664.8 <0.4 2.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP098 43.8 <5.0 216.2 139359 134734 148 725.2 311.5 345.6 22.6 6132 114405 86.7 40.6 0.2 463.8 <0.5 24.0 0.1 0.6 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP098 42.1 <4.1 184.8 135344 119849 153 803.5 390.3 352.2 21.2 6263 110543 79.1 35.9 0.7 441.1 <0.5 19.6 0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP098 40.9 <6.3 251.5 131367 133444 289 803.2 504.1 333.9 16.4 5594 112109 86.0 41.7 <0.2 432.8 <0.5 21.6 0.1 0.6 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 2.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP098 34.2 <6.3 189.1 150872 126877 265 701.2 435.8 320.6 16.3 5761 123335 84.8 37.1 1.6 429.0 <0.5 20.8 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 3.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP113 36.2 7.6 54.3 151497 116839 191 185.3 80.6 229.1 <1.0 6000 25007 89.0 12.6 0.8 622.8 <0.5 2.8 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 52.1 9.6 93.4 148183 124007 122 414.1 107.9 264.4 1.9 5781 23899 80.1 15.3 3.5 648.5 0.6 4.6 0.2 0.2 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 46.5 9.6 90.0 154870 130990 128 290.6 49.5 261.7 3.3 6056 25638 95.1 14.6 0.8 694.4 <0.3 3.6 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.2 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP113 50.7 9.1 68.3 157735 126669 113 337.5 57.8 255.8 3.3 6644 25150 76.2 13.8 1.6 677.6 0.7 3.6 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 53.4 6.1 58.5 156641 123195 116 282.9 47.2 223.1 4.5 5917 24094 114.7 15.1 0.4 641.8 0.7 3.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 47.8 9.2 74.6 158690 131858 66 321.1 33.7 226.3 1.9 6650 25414 86.9 17.3 0.5 730.8 <0.5 3.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 55.8 6.7 69.0 160093 127810 85 262.3 43.0 281.8 5.3 5698 25055 83.1 14.2 <0.2 662.6 0.6 4.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.9 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP113 61.2 7.9 104.6 160222 130705 109 341.5 61.6 266.1 9.1 5927 25920 81.3 14.2 <0.3 697.5 <0.6 4.7 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 56.1 7.3 60.5 168068 128725 88 307.9 58.5 291.0 2.1 6620 26952 87.3 14.7 0.5 753.7 <0.4 3.8 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 <0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 55.3 6.7 72.0 162965 129025 79 358.8 94.9 285.5 1.8 6526 26741 86.4 16.3 0.5 759.7 0.5 3.9 0.2 0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP113 62.5 6.6 71.5 167531 130421 77 349.4 103.6 284.0 1.4 6353 27207 86.4 17.5 0.5 732.5 <0.5 4.3 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP113 55.4 6.7 94.7 163506 123101 88 300.9 40.5 240.8 1.7 6955 26700 75.9 13.9 0.3 743.3 <0.5 4.6 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 59.5 7.1 74.3 163036 133830 65 459.7 68.1 319.6 2.4 6176 28264 84.1 15.2 0.4 767.3 <0.3 5.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 53.0 7.0 105.0 160591 133459 106 424.3 57.9 237.2 4.1 7045 28026 83.0 17.1 0.5 813.2 <0.3 4.7 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP113 37.1 8.3 115.3 157401 139055 173 233.4 66.8 258.6 2.4 6537 29830 112.3 19.7 0.7 838.2 <0.8 4.8 0.2 0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 <0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP114 21.3 7.6 32.1 144473 132509 327 433.4 66.7 101.1 90.6 7643 81157 113.0 41.6 0.5 1043.6 <0.4 28.8 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP114 20.0 7.6 33.5 143969 128787 262 491.5 95.3 107.7 207.9 7630 84598 112.4 41.3 0.7 995.6 <0.4 31.7 0.3 0.2 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.6 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP114 21.3 8.4 29.7 144695 130516 249 361.0 65.6 110.5 120.7 7972 82842 115.3 40.5 0.6 1003.8 <0.4 27.7 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP117 11.5 5.8 54.3 134142 131161 191 300.0 70.2 248.8 0.1 9138 100337 93.8 32.3 0.1 1054.7 0.6 13.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP117 15.0 7.7 70.8 138982 126321 327 292.6 83.2 239.5 0.6 9928 95896 78.1 28.9 0.3 1106.4 0.6 17.4 0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.8 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0
NP13AP016 40.7 9.1 63.8 120301 122599 628 494.7 95.0 146.5 <1.5 9728 73372 52.3 8.5 <0.4 1978.3 1.2 64.1 1.7 1.0 <0.0 1.4 0.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP016 38.5 10.3 69.5 119937 118779 555 544.7 95.6 158.3 <1.5 9607 76315 57.5 7.8 0.5 1866.1 1.2 79.1 1.8 1.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 2.5 0.1 0.2 0.4 <0.1 <0.0

( C)
NP13AP016 27.30 0.00 19.80 19.50 1.36 17.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.37 308 OC31C09 MA V 4 103 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP016 27.77 0.00 20.18 19.52 1.29 17.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.38 308 OC31C10 MA V 4 84 Very good last three quarters of signal integrated after initially elevated K
NP13AP016 27.19 0.00 19.82 19.52 1.28 17.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.23 308 OC31C11 MA V 3 33 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until Sr begins to increase.
NP13AP016 28.04 0.00 19.82 19.75 1.29 17.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.51 308 OC31C13 MA V 4 56 Excellent last half of signal after initial elevated K in first half
NP13AP016 27.79 0.00 19.84 19.97 1.28 17.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.80 308 OC31C14 MA V 3 30 Good third quarter of signal integrated between areas of elevated K
NP13AP016 28.47 0.00 19.93 18.83 1.29 18.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.35 308 OC31C15 MA V 3 101 Good signal integrated throughout; some minor variability in K
NP13AP016 26.72 0.00 20.01 20.42 1.63 16.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.17 308 OC31C17 SG V 3 37 Good in all elements except with elevated K, first quarter with lowest K integrated
NP13AP016 27.77 0.00 20.18 19.52 1.29 17.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.38 308 OC31C21 MA V 3 103 Good signal throughout, some minor variability in K
NP13AP016 28.93 0.00 20.31 19.05 1.18 14.94 2.95 0.00 0.08 87.45 308 OC31C22 MA V 3 32 Good third quarter of signal with low K integrated
NP13AP016 27.04 0.00 19.58 19.25 1.41 17.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.70 308 OC31C23 MA V 1 11 Poor, with elevated and variable K throughout, however last few slices with lowest K integrated and appear normal
NP13AP016 28.04 0.00 19.82 19.75 1.29 17.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.51 308 OC31C24 MA V 4 99 Good signal in all elements throughout except for minor variability in K
NP13AP016 27.79 0.00 19.84 19.97 1.28 17.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.80 308 OC31C25 MA V 4 104 Good signal in all elements throughout except for minor variability in K
NP13AP025 28.32 0.00 18.67 19.39 1.15 19.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.88 295 OC31D01 MA RAV 4 40 Excellent first half of signal integrated until small step decrease in Si and Mn
NP13AP025 28.13 0.00 18.63 18.98 1.25 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.99 295 OC31D02 MA RAV 4 103 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP025 28.96 0.00 18.93 19.59 1.29 19.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.17 295 OC31D03 MA RAV 4 69 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until step increase in Sr, Ce, Pb and La
NP13AP025 28.30 0.00 18.46 18.71 1.34 19.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.23 295 OC31D06 MA RAV 4 82 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial irregular start to signal
NP13AP025 28.32 0.00 18.52 18.59 1.38 19.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.81 295 OC31D07 MA RAV 4 49 Good middle of signal integrated between irregular beginning and end of signal
NP13AP025 29.05 0.00 19.22 19.94 1.08 19.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.21 295 OC31D08 MA RAV 4 64 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until slight drop off in major elements in last quarter
NP13AP025 28.07 0.00 19.16 19.52 1.23 19.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.37 295 OC31D10 MA RAV 4 104 Good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP025 28.24 0.00 19.29 20.85 1.30 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.60 295 OC31D14 MA RAV 2 21 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial highly elevated K and Ba
NP13AP025 29.01 0.00 19.61 20.78 1.34 19.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.89 295 OC31D15 MA RAV 4 65 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until small step increase in K
NP13AP025 28.22 0.00 18.97 19.89 1.34 18.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.94 295 OC31D16 MA RAV 4 62 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until large step increase in K
NP13AP025 29.11 0.00 19.58 19.50 1.30 19.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.11 295 OC31D17 MA RAV 3 39 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large spikes in Ti
574
NP13AP025 29.11 0.00 19.58 19.50 1.30 19.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.11 295 OC31D18 MA RAV 3 37 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large step increase in K
NP13AP026 28.56 0.00 19.80 18.47 1.37 19.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.05 307 OC31E01 MA RAV 2 22 Excellent first quarter of signal until large spike in Zr, Y and U
NP13AP026 27.60 0.00 19.65 20.84 1.41 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.40 307 OC31E02 MA RAV 4 86 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial blip in K in first quarter
NP13AP026 27.72 0.00 19.88 20.31 1.52 18.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.09 307 OC31E03 MA RAV 4 103 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP026 27.13 0.00 19.18 21.42 1.41 17.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.92 307 OC31E11 MA RAV 4 106 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP026 27.36 0.00 19.59 21.25 1.74 17.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.48 307 OC31E12 MA RAV 4 95 Very good first three quarters of signal integrated until minor blip in K
NP13AP026 28.00 0.00 19.37 20.94 1.29 17.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.58 307 OC31E14 MA RAV 4 69 Excellent first half of signal integrated until sudden and large step increase in Zr, Y and U
NP13AP026 27.38 0.00 19.20 20.49 1.50 17.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.53 307 OC31E15 CP RAV 4 106 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP026 28.19 0.00 19.69 20.85 1.43 17.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.76 307 OC31E16 CP RAV 4 93 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until sudden increase in Ti during last quarter
NP13AP026 27.62 0.00 19.03 20.39 1.29 18.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.37 307 OC31E17 CP RAV 4 52 Very good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti, Y Ca and U
NP13AP032A 27.42 0.00 19.65 19.09 1.70 18.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.61 317 OC31F01 CP RAV 3 33 Very good second quarter of signal integrated between spikes in Zr
NP13AP032A 27.10 0.00 20.16 19.32 1.64 17.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.79 317 OC31F02 CP RAV 4 103 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP032A 27.40 0.00 19.92 19.73 1.47 18.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.45 317 OC31F07 CP RAV 0 9 Poor owing to highly irregular Ti, Ce and Pb; but first few slices with low stable Ti etc. integrated
NP13AP032A 27.49 0.00 19.84 19.35 1.39 19.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.11 317 OC31F08 CP RAV 1 11 Poor owing to highly irregular Ti, Ce and Pb; but first few slices with low stable Ti etc. integrated
NP13AP032A 26.80 0.00 19.52 19.53 1.55 18.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.59 317 OC31F09 CP RAV 4 95 Good signal integrated throughout

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP016 35.1 5.8 43.7 117161 116605 436 412.2 82.3 127.7 <1.4 9099 73551 54.8 9.4 0.4 1652.6 0.9 41.6 0.7 0.5 <0.0 1.1 <0.0 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP016 39.8 9.5 71.0 119483 118027 657 547.7 100.2 150.8 <2.5 9501 76863 58.4 7.9 0.4 1896.9 1.6 73.7 2.4 1.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP016 40.2 8.0 76.7 126806 124363 359 684.5 102.6 185.4 <1.4 9802 80428 61.6 7.9 0.9 2021.5 1.3 83.5 2.0 1.1 <0.0 1.2 0.1 2.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP016 37.8 <9.5 40.2 113284 119069 633 344.1 93.4 145.0 <3.1 8855 87922 55.4 9.6 <0.8 1496.2 1.3 56.8 1.1 0.9 <0.0 1.5 <0.1 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP016 44.4 12.8 46.7 114239 114486 573 699.2 83.2 160.6 <2.4 8939 74959 52.4 8.5 <0.5 2461.2 2.1 52.4 1.1 0.8 0.1 1.1 <0.1 2.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP016 34.2 7.4 43.6 119807 115640 893 501.7 97.1 138.0 <1.6 9237 77448 55.3 9.2 <0.4 1604.0 1.0 50.6 0.7 0.6 <0.0 1.3 <0.0 2.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP016 39.6 5.4 38.4 114142 111799 509 559.2 98.0 193.5 <1.3 10853 81519 51.8 6.3 0.4 1855.7 0.3 31.5 0.3 0.4 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP016 43.2 5.7 70.2 121859 122958 925 692.2 99.7 157.3 <1.9 9874 77085 55.4 8.2 0.8 2105.1 1.3 79.1 1.5 1.2 <0.0 1.0 0.1 3.3 0.0 0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP016 45.3 7.0 66.5 117353 125601 263 551.2 89.5 195.1 <3.3 9040 83285 54.0 9.8 <0.7 1873.7 1.1 67.6 1.9 1.3 0.0 1.6 <0.1 2.5 0.1 0.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP016 40.8 <10.2 48.4 106187 120485 773 571.3 101.3 139.8 <5.0 8504 82677 60.6 11.6 <1.0 1592.4 1.1 51.1 0.7 1.2 <0.1 1.8 <0.2 1.7 0.0 <0.0 <0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP016 38.7 6.0 53.7 122993 117877 458 447.8 98.6 155.2 <1.7 9564 79012 57.3 10.0 <0.3 1665.0 1.1 59.3 1.2 1.1 <0.0 1.4 0.1 2.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP016 41.7 9.2 64.8 119940 121136 813 576.4 96.5 167.7 <1.4 9800 76537 54.5 8.3 0.8 2119.9 1.4 67.5 1.0 1.0 <0.0 1.3 0.1 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP025 43.9 <4.0 140.7 130453 114911 204 448.0 343.2 203.9 <2.0 8776 73984 55.4 14.5 <0.4 1098.7 <0.3 4.7 2.3 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP025 39.9 <3.9 129.1 137697 121586 278 362.7 375.8 178.1 <1.9 8568 76243 59.2 15.0 <0.4 1091.6 0.3 4.2 1.5 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP025 53.8 <4.1 152.1 136278 119025 237 300.2 344.4 202.6 <2.0 9220 77445 51.5 13.3 <0.5 1121.3 0.4 4.5 2.4 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP025 45.6 <5.7 116.1 126173 115737 209 348.1 247.6 213.2 <2.1 9252 82090 51.3 13.4 <0.5 1114.9 <0.3 3.4 1.6 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP025 38.4 <13.1 110.4 128600 113152 117 <409.3 72.3 179.8 <4.3 8663 88497 53.8 12.8 <1.0 1037.3 0.5 5.0 2.3 0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.9 0.0 0.1 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1
NP13AP025 39.2 <11.3 92.4 126762 117970 225 460.9 221.2 188.1 <5.0 9351 92054 54.3 11.9 <1.0 1072.0 <0.5 3.9 1.8 <0.0 0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.1 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1
NP13AP025 24.2 9.1 38.5 134104 109265 34 353.9 142.2 229.7 <3.1 8099 86366 51.4 13.2 <0.8 711.1 <0.3 1.7 0.7 0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.9 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP025 21.9 <7.5 43.5 132960 115302 36 <277.7 150.2 207.0 <3.4 8045 89493 53.1 14.0 <0.7 663.2 <0.4 1.6 0.6 0.0 <0.0 1.3 <0.1 0.7 0.0 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP025 28.5 <13.0 68.7 133480 114070 38 <410.2 118.5 222.1 <4.5 8008 97242 51.5 13.3 1.0 737.5 <0.4 2.9 1.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.8 <0.1 1.5 0.0 0.1 <0.2 <0.2 0.0
NP13AP025 39.6 <7.7 89.0 130276 117234 56 <385.3 96.6 223.0 <3.7 8311 93300 52.1 13.0 <1.1 889.7 <0.5 4.2 2.1 0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 <0.2 <0.2 0.0
NP13AP025 69.4 <9.1 159.1 119880 144730 208 604.1 213.5 231.3 <4.1 8683 94131 55.5 13.2 1.0 989.5 0.8 5.1 2.6 0.2 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.4 0.0 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP025 69.4 <6.9 159.8 126016 121498 144 <269.2 159.3 255.5 <2.6 9139 86053 53.3 12.5 0.7 1125.9 0.6 5.4 3.3 0.1 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 2.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP025 64.6 6.4 179.9 122611 116294 126 407.8 185.8 249.1 <2.2 8819 82393 51.1 10.9 0.6 1110.5 0.4 4.9 3.8 0.1 0.0 1.4 <0.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP025 42.6 5.8 110.4 133433 123838 78 426.4 81.7 246.0 <1.6 9287 84404 58.3 15.5 <0.4 1079.0 0.3 2.6 2.5 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1
575
NP13AP025 37.0 5.9 119.4 131164 123343 96 604.1 77.1 269.9 <1.6 8852 83504 60.9 16.6 0.6 1038.6 0.3 2.7 2.1 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 53.5 6.4 63.1 123926 119636 149 512.7 73.8 88.0 <1.3 10019 84086 78.5 14.7 0.7 1248.0 0.4 2.6 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP026 46.5 6.9 65.2 125035 120567 169 307.4 90.4 94.5 <1.9 9765 79770 83.7 18.5 <0.5 1069.8 0.3 2.6 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0
NP13AP026 44.5 6.2 147.4 127479 119865 180 355.8 80.4 91.2 <1.7 9909 80111 82.3 16.6 <0.4 1106.5 <0.2 3.8 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP026 43.0 <4.1 58.1 123384 120076 151 392.4 107.0 107.9 <1.8 10081 80552 80.9 16.8 0.6 1016.8 0.2 2.3 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP026 43.0 4.3 90.5 131583 121675 150 381.2 102.6 103.5 2.7 10045 80103 84.1 17.7 0.7 1062.4 0.3 3.7 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP026 47.3 4.4 98.1 124679 119913 120 373.0 171.9 147.0 <1.4 10105 83950 71.8 15.5 0.6 971.4 0.3 2.8 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 40.1 6.0 79.5 118844 113833 163 438.4 157.3 141.6 <1.7 9662 80868 70.3 14.6 0.7 891.4 0.3 2.4 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP026 46.8 4.6 93.2 123250 120870 149 432.6 160.6 140.2 <1.6 10298 84131 73.1 15.7 <0.3 943.1 0.3 4.3 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 47.2 5.1 127.7 123629 119128 143 461.9 157.9 137.6 3.0 10043 83701 72.1 15.2 0.5 956.4 <0.2 3.3 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 45.3 4.4 87.6 122588 120037 163 391.9 177.0 150.2 1.8 10032 84206 71.1 14.4 0.8 916.0 0.4 4.3 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 47.3 5.4 157.9 121732 117002 104 573.7 196.3 164.6 10.2 9873 90284 68.3 14.3 0.8 940.2 0.5 5.2 0.8 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 46.4 <4.7 130.2 123914 117219 108 427.1 167.2 148.8 7.1 10031 87244 68.5 12.9 <0.5 943.1 0.3 4.2 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 45.2 6.2 153.0 127816 123811 121 374.6 171.8 156.8 14.3 10289 91216 77.7 14.1 0.6 981.6 0.4 4.3 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 50.8 5.3 157.0 121706 117796 108 412.2 158.4 145.0 22.9 9976 85106 68.8 13.5 0.4 1011.6 0.4 4.3 0.7 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 34.3 5.6 132.0 119681 112265 271 267.0 124.6 179.4 <2.8 9117 91226 70.1 13.2 <0.5 836.0 <0.3 2.6 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP026 38.0 <5.3 153.9 126052 114599 299 266.8 133.9 180.3 <2.4 9473 89775 71.2 14.6 <0.5 874.0 <0.3 3.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP026 34.9 <10.0 129.4 116053 113238 303 508.6 127.8 171.6 <3.8 8942 100424 69.6 17.3 <1.0 789.3 <0.5 2.9 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.2 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP026 34.0 <5.2 115.2 122735 113749 309 247.2 127.2 178.6 <2.0 9398 90220 69.5 14.6 <0.7 841.3 0.4 2.9 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP026 36.2 <5.4 142.3 123712 113746 310 310.3 126.3 168.2 <2.2 9316 88809 69.7 14.9 <0.5 850.7 0.4 3.7 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP032A 22.2 <6.9 52.5 122130 109198 194 344.6 183.9 103.3 <2.7 11358 78036 88.3 7.5 <0.6 806.4 <0.4 3.3 0.4 0.3 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP032A 24.7 <6.1 53.3 129526 114726 135 346.4 180.4 111.0 <2.2 12067 91276 95.0 7.8 <0.6 827.0 0.3 3.3 0.5 0.2 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.7 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP032A 22.6 <5.9 47.3 127209 114665 101 <252.9 166.7 111.1 <3.0 11753 90193 96.1 7.2 0.9 796.9 <0.4 2.9 0.4 0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP032A 24.0 6.1 48.9 119589 110224 128 441.2 172.2 110.2 <2.4 12595 85364 93.5 6.3 <0.5 799.5 0.3 3.1 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP032A 18.3 <10.3 <27.1 145077 122126 318 543.5 249.0 117.0 <3.5 11047 87223 73.4 13.6 <0.9 763.6 0.6 2.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.4 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.2 <0.0
NP13AP032A 19.5 <8.2 <27.1 132862 116959 247 404.6 225.8 121.2 <4.2 10793 84712 69.3 8.7 1.0 686.4 <0.4 2.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.1 <0.6 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP032A 22.8 <5.7 30.2 125121 116995 418 331.6 251.8 126.3 2.9 11455 92251 96.6 8.3 <0.6 745.1 0.3 2.4 0.5 <0.1 0.0 0.9 <0.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP032A 21.5 <7.6 52.9 124353 113907 67 325.7 135.0 123.0 <2.6 12427 85333 88.1 7.2 <0.5 881.4 <0.3 2.8 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.6 0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0

( C)
NP13AP032A 27.21 0.00 20.18 20.29 1.76 17.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.24 317 OC31F15 CP RAV 4 86 Good signal in last three quarters integrated after initially elevated Ti
NP13AP032A 27.21 0.00 19.82 19.99 1.68 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.61 317 OC31F16 CP RAV 3 98 Good signal integrated throughout, including minor blip in Ti
NP13AP032A 27.32 0.00 19.93 19.68 1.77 18.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.04 317 OC31F17 CP RAV 4 50 Excellent first half of signal integrated until counts of all elements decrease slightly
NP13AP037 28.28 0.00 19.54 18.14 3.54 18.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.05 312 NO01A11 CP RAV 2 28 Poor LA signal, but region of highest counts appears normal and is integrated
NP13AP037 27.45 0.00 20.22 19.89 3.32 17.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.98 312 NO01A12 MA RAV 4 87 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP037 28.28 0.00 20.88 20.13 3.09 17.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.79 312 NO01A13 MA RAV 4 79 Very good signal integrated throughout until last few slices where Pb increases
NP13AP037 28.28 0.00 20.88 20.13 3.09 17.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.79 312 NO01A14 MA RAV 4 84 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP037 27.72 0.00 20.95 17.82 3.58 18.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.46 312 NO01A19 MA RAV 3 94 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial Ce spike; however elevated K throughout
NP13AP037 27.66 0.00 20.78 18.02 3.67 18.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.54 312 NO01A21 MA RAV 3 105 Excellent signal integrated throughout but showing elevated K
NP13AP037 27.79 0.00 20.61 16.45 6.20 18.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.34 312 NO01A22 MA RAV 3 34 Very good first half of signal integrated until large step increase in K and Ba
NP13AP037 27.34 0.00 20.05 16.69 4.79 18.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.87 312 NO01A23 MA RAV 4 105 Very good signal throughout, with low K
NP13AP037 27.79 0.00 20.73 17.12 5.44 17.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.12 312 NO01A24 MA RAV 4 75 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in K in last quarter
NP13AP037 28.28 0.00 20.99 16.80 5.06 18.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.33 312 NO01A25 MA RAV 3 102 Excellent signal throughout, but with slightly elevated K
NP13AP049 28.22 0.00 19.39 20.15 2.87 18.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.09 290 NO01B01 MA RAV 4 94 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP049 29.84 0.00 20.09 19.31 3.03 19.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.81 290 NO01B02 MA RAV 4 108 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP049 27.49 0.00 19.82 21.15 2.54 17.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.12 290 NO01B10 MA RAV 4 49 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large step increase in K, Ce, La, Ti, Sr, Zr and U
576
NP13AP054 25.80 0.00 19.01 23.09 3.45 14.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.59 320 NO01C01 MA R 1 16 Poor until last few slices, integrated section with low K and smooth in all other elements
NP13AP054 26.53 0.00 18.95 22.13 3.76 14.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.87 320 NO01C02 MA R 3 34 Excellent first half of signal integrated until Sr and then Ce and Ca begin to increase
NP13AP054 27.64 0.00 19.93 23.13 3.50 15.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.77 320 NO01C03 MA R 4 106 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP054 26.23 0.00 21.14 24.48 3.46 13.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.22 320 NO01C04 MA R 4 56 Excellent last half f signal integrated after initially elevated K
NP13AP054 26.74 0.00 19.84 22.68 3.86 14.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.68 320 NO01C05 MA R 4 56 Excellent first half of signal integrated until step increase in Sr, Na, Ce, La and Pb
NP13AP054 27.98 0.00 20.52 23.12 3.71 15.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 90.68 320 NO01C07 MA R 4 43 Very good first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr
NP13AP054 25.16 0.00 17.57 22.72 3.76 13.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 82.89 320 NO01C10 MA R 4 100 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP054 26.29 0.00 18.93 23.38 3.29 14.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.10 320 NO01C11 MA R 1 17 Good middle of signal integrated between areas of elevated Na
NP13AP054 26.76 0.00 19.05 22.66 3.28 15.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.16 320 NO01C15 MA R 2 24 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr
NP13AP054 27.02 0.00 19.82 22.84 4.00 14.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.45 320 NO01C18 MA R 4 77 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Sr
NP13AP057 26.91 0.00 20.69 23.08 3.05 15.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.93 310 NO01D01 MA RAV 4 111 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP057 27.64 0.00 19.65 22.51 2.52 15.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.17 310 NO01D11 MA RAV 4 105 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP057 26.53 0.00 19.42 21.50 2.44 16.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.54 310 NO01D14 MA RAV 4 85 Excellent last three quarters of signal after initial spike in Zr
NP13AP057 27.30 0.00 21.46 22.86 3.55 14.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.86 310 NO01D15 MA RAV 4 89 Very good signal integrated until K increase in last few slices
NP13AP061A 26.87 0.00 20.43 18.90 5.00 15.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 325 NO01E01 MA RAV 2 32 Good first quarter of signal until initial slightly elevated K beings to increase further
NP13AP061A 26.93 0.00 19.95 18.37 4.62 16.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.56 325 NO01E02 MA RAV 3 67 Very good first three quarters of signal with reasonably low K integrated until K further increases
NP13AP061A 26.44 0.00 19.76 18.50 4.47 16.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.44 325 NO01E03 MA RAV 3 57 Very good signal in all elements except for K which shows minor variability, integrated first three quarters until K increases further

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP032A 21.8 <9.2 <32.0 119052 107277 155 310.0 226.7 107.5 <3.5 12765 88184 90.2 8.3 1.1 811.3 <0.5 3.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP032A 18.8 <7.7 47.3 124657 108040 90 339.1 193.2 102.2 <3.0 10971 89525 81.1 8.9 <0.6 740.3 <0.5 2.7 0.4 0.0 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP032A 26.0 <11.9 80.9 129805 114282 185 <440.7 180.8 113.0 <4.3 12758 95794 93.2 6.2 <0.8 812.1 0.6 4.4 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.7 <0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP032A 23.4 <10.6 59.0 126831 110909 168 422.9 202.5 105.1 <3.8 12195 93117 93.0 7.3 <1.1 801.0 0.5 3.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 <0.7 <0.1 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP037 35.8 <7.5 42.3 125116 118473 910 510.6 205.6 84.5 <3.5 23856 49926 63.8 11.3 <0.7 1423.0 <0.4 4.2 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 6.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP037 43.0 <15.3 101.8 117507 109790 170 <504.1 134.8 78.2 <7.5 21192 69632 59.9 8.4 <1.3 1723.9 <0.8 4.6 1.2 0.2 <0.1 <1.2 <0.2 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.3 <0.3 <0.1
NP13AP037 41.7 <12.7 140.2 118418 116921 197 <448.2 145.4 76.1 <5.1 22270 72374 60.0 8.4 <1.1 1679.2 0.9 5.5 1.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.7 <0.2 1.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP037 43.1 <12.6 120.6 122081 121506 157 <558.4 147.1 79.9 <6.3 22498 74094 62.2 9.7 1.1 1666.8 <0.7 4.6 1.3 0.2 <0.0 1.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.2 0.0
NP13AP037 26.4 7.4 35.7 121942 133014 795 <253.5 148.3 80.4 <2.9 25356 67301 69.7 10.0 <0.6 1255.6 <0.4 2.3 0.4 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 9.6 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP037 27.3 <5.7 52.8 122801 116817 631 307.2 155.7 82.1 <2.3 25552 65411 73.4 8.2 <0.4 1263.3 <0.3 1.7 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 7.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP037 23.3 <4.4 44.7 131159 118315 141 243.8 117.6 96.3 <2.0 44852 51671 77.4 6.9 0.6 1299.3 <0.2 1.5 0.2 0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 1.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP037 24.2 <5.7 35.9 120809 112980 194 375.8 108.2 83.6 <2.8 37391 65889 79.2 8.9 <0.7 1209.4 <0.3 1.8 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP037 23.2 <8.2 <25.6 118337 114901 504 <234.1 117.0 88.3 <3.5 37879 68228 73.3 7.8 <0.5 1260.0 <0.4 1.4 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 5.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP037 27.1 <5.6 32.2 125090 121141 768 260.6 128.1 83.9 <2.4 32954 68698 80.8 9.4 <0.5 1282.9 <0.3 1.9 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 8.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP049 47.5 5.0 162.7 134029 126802 59 705.2 151.9 161.2 <1.3 20311 75203 84.2 16.2 0.9 2058.2 <0.2 6.8 0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 1.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP049 45.4 <11.2 91.8 138218 120623 56 572.1 132.3 148.2 <4.9 20041 87458 81.4 17.0 1.3 1828.3 <0.5 6.6 0.0 0.6 0.1 <0.6 <0.1 1.9 <0.0 <0.0 <0.2 <0.2 0.1
NP13AP049 44.7 <12.4 80.4 129894 122822 56 885.8 133.0 142.0 <4.5 20920 85517 88.7 17.0 1.1 1962.5 <0.6 6.7 0.0 0.6 <0.1 <0.6 <0.1 2.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP049 42.9 <13.1 135.6 127829 118600 39 770.2 161.2 157.7 <5.0 19870 84042 81.9 16.0 <1.1 1958.0 <0.6 5.6 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 <0.8 <0.2 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP049 44.3 <11.6 164.9 132457 121798 46 702.9 154.6 147.4 <5.5 19651 82591 82.5 17.1 1.3 2018.7 <0.6 6.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 <0.6 <0.2 1.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP049 42.5 6.9 120.5 133831 126412 66 423.7 103.3 175.8 <1.9 20576 75653 89.1 17.4 0.7 2012.0 <0.2 5.1 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP049 43.2 4.8 131.0 138883 131842 79 636.5 118.4 179.2 <1.9 21215 78437 92.8 18.8 2.0 2042.0 <0.2 5.8 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.9 <0.0 <0.0 1.4 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP049 44.3 <4.6 133.4 138100 131213 78 517.6 113.8 176.0 <2.0 21128 77837 93.1 17.8 1.9 2035.8 <0.3 6.3 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.7 <0.0 <0.0 2.4 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP049 43.9 4.8 155.4 130604 126824 91 576.3 96.6 159.0 <1.7 19916 73739 84.6 17.1 1.3 1921.6 <0.2 5.2 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP049 45.6 <4.6 145.5 149582 134334 79 571.9 104.8 186.4 2.5 22157 80250 89.7 16.7 1.8 2134.4 <0.2 4.6 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.7 0.0 1.8 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP049 48.4 6.4 127.2 134113 132430 95 642.6 116.3 154.6 <2.6 19656 75058 89.3 18.6 0.6 1944.9 <0.3 6.6 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2
NP13AP049 46.2 <3.8 121.9 131025 127070 104 613.1 126.7 152.5 2.2 19129 73875 85.3 17.4 0.4 1915.0 0.3 5.8 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.2
577
NP13AP049 44.7 <5.0 112.8 132513 128130 119 458.6 116.4 157.5 <1.9 19391 73496 88.8 18.2 0.6 1900.6 0.2 5.5 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP049 48.9 6.5 113.5 134310 132588 105 498.1 114.8 148.3 <1.6 19530 75940 89.8 17.8 0.8 1923.4 0.3 5.7 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 1.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP054 36.3 <9.7 39.9 89730 112578 47 <308 220.7 106.1 <3.8 23577 83031 82.4 9.4 <0.7 1502.5 <0.4 5.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.5 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP054 37.8 4.7 58.0 94666 108274 40 536.9 265.6 104.9 <1.5 24838 87168 87.2 9.4 0.6 1855.2 0.3 8.5 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP054 43.3 <4.6 88.8 104165 120300 34 467.0 277.4 105.2 <1.5 25379 92403 94.5 10.4 <0.5 1983.8 0.3 6.1 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP054 38.5 <7.3 49.1 99728 121951 43 340.0 234.0 115.6 <2.6 27130 96190 99.0 9.4 <0.5 1807.7 <0.3 3.4 0.2 0.0 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP054 38.2 <3.8 45.5 102038 114782 42 352.9 283.8 107.2 <1.6 26881 89780 92.5 8.8 0.5 1943.7 <0.2 4.2 0.2 0.0 <0.0 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP054 40.8 4.0 80.0 102526 119218 48 474.1 292.8 102.6 <1.8 25227 91838 93.4 10.3 0.7 1956.7 0.3 9.0 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP054 42.8 <5.0 76.7 98695 113174 68 476.5 224.7 127.0 <1.8 26677 95971 90.0 8.3 0.6 2182.6 0.3 7.8 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP054 35.2 3.3 62.8 89853 104686 39 423.4 268.7 96.8 <1.4 23015 81607 82.6 8.4 1.2 1703.8 0.3 7.0 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP054 44.2 <7.6 100.5 95327 108346 35 678.0 207.1 104.0 <3.6 23708 84479 86.4 10.7 0.9 1939.5 0.5 7.4 0.3 0.1 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP054 47.5 5.0 99.1 101503 115726 38 663.8 206.4 118.2 <1.8 25605 92909 92.1 11.1 1.5 2111.3 0.4 10.6 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.0 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP054 40.8 <3.7 86.1 105001 115484 47 757.9 327.0 99.1 <1.3 26520 93575 93.8 9.2 1.8 2071.5 <0.2 14.8 0.2 0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP054 44.7 5.1 64.5 103253 119003 36 357.7 291.7 108.7 <1.6 25813 93138 93.7 10.4 <0.4 2024.5 0.3 6.7 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP054 38.8 <3.8 50.2 99035 115171 60 340.7 263.3 113.1 <2.0 26195 92177 92.3 9.4 <0.4 1916.9 0.3 4.8 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP057 43.5 <13.7 142.1 110306 109577 67 837.6 283.8 129.7 <4.1 19926 104297 59.0 13.7 <1.3 1644.8 <0.7 8.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.6 <0.2 2.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP057 46.3 <13.2 132.1 110218 109539 67 <517.7 306.9 123.5 <5.2 20099 106861 59.2 13.4 <1.3 1647.1 <0.9 7.6 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.8 <0.2 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.2 <0.2 0.2
NP13AP057 45.0 <10.4 107.4 108757 114472 35 784.2 260.8 117.7 <4.4 19648 99793 57.6 13.3 <0.9 1559.3 <0.4 5.4 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP057 44.1 <10.3 136.2 109952 112876 44 657.2 268.2 124.4 <3.9 19316 105008 60.0 12.6 <0.8 1610.8 <0.7 6.2 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.6 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP057 42.5 <11.3 106.0 115089 107768 61 683.4 254.5 119.6 <3.9 19160 104420 59.9 13.0 <1.0 1643.5 <0.5 5.8 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.6 <0.1 0.4 0.0 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP057 44.5 <5.1 100.7 111921 117840 144 636.1 257.0 172.0 <2.0 18775 91843 62.5 12.0 0.6 1611.3 0.3 10.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP057 50.1 4.8 115.0 111299 118604 175 840.7 212.3 158.8 <1.6 18068 96952 62.7 11.7 <0.4 1737.5 0.3 11.7 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP057 44.1 <8.0 138.4 111454 120767 117 797.9 248.2 130.7 <3.2 18314 111903 63.8 13.7 <0.8 1651.6 <0.4 10.6 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP057 35.8 <10.3 76.7 107943 108752 57 472.6 298.4 121.3 <4.1 17933 103256 54.8 13.7 <0.8 1425.9 <0.4 7.0 0.0 0.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP057 50.9 <12.1 123.7 109245 122290 83 693.5 260.3 121.8 <5.2 21406 115989 63.7 12.8 <1.2 1691.5 <0.6 9.0 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.7 <0.1 2.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP061A 46.3 <3.7 52.2 117225 116398 383 463.4 420.9 119.0 <1.5 33858 76853 40.5 9.6 0.6 1504.1 <0.2 4.3 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 5.9 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP061A 46.0 <4.2 60.1 115321 111758 264 573.6 405.4 118.1 <1.5 33279 76750 37.0 9.5 0.5 1441.9 <0.2 3.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 <0.0 4.1 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 41.1 <4.5 49.8 111843 110568 499 338.2 450.9 122.2 <1.7 30719 77492 42.5 8.8 0.5 1378.1 <0.2 3.0 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 7.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0

( C)
NP13AP061A 27.19 0.00 19.99 19.34 4.57 16.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.25 325 NO01E04 MA RAV 3 35 Very good last quarter integrated after initial variability in K
NP13AP061A 26.83 0.00 19.95 18.80 4.69 16.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.46 325 NO01E05 MA RAV 3 90 Very good signal throughout but with elevated and slightly variable K
NP13AP061A 26.29 0.00 19.93 19.67 4.20 15.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.96 325 NO01E06 MA RAV 2 22 Very good first quarter of signal integrated with only minor K, after K and Ba increase
NP13AP061A 26.93 0.00 19.78 18.81 4.82 16.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.46 325 NO01E07 MA RAV 3 98 Very good signal except for variable and elevated K; integrated throughout
NP13AP061A 26.25 0.00 19.52 17.48 4.84 16.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.39 325 NO01E08 MA RAV 3 69 Good last three quarters of signal with relatively minor K integrated after initial spike in K and Ba
NP13AP061A 25.71 0.00 19.48 18.99 4.40 15.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.36 325 NO01E09 MA RAV 4 93 Perfect signal integrated throughout; no K
NP13AP061A 25.69 0.00 20.10 18.54 5.35 15.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.17 325 NO01E14 MA RAV 4 96 Very good signal integrated throughout, only very low K
NP13AP061A 26.27 0.00 20.26 17.14 6.07 16.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.13 325 NO01E15 MA RAV 1 12 Reasonable first quarter of signal with lowest K integrated, afterwards K and Ba increase and are variable
NP13AP061A 26.80 0.00 20.39 18.10 5.33 16.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.11 325 NO01E16 MA RAV 3 102 Integrated throughout, good for all elements except K which is elevated with minor variability
NP13AP061A 26.65 0.00 19.78 17.50 5.77 16.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.65 325 NO01E17 MA RAV 4 60 Excellent middle of signal with lowest K integrated between areas of elevated K and Ba
NP13AP061A 27.08 0.00 20.07 17.05 5.68 16.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.79 325 NO01E18 MA RAV 0 11 Poor with variable and increasing K and Ba, but first few slices with lowest K and Ba integrated
NP13AP078 28.39 0.00 17.91 20.35 1.06 18.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.58 279 DE02D08 MA R 4 58 Excellent first half of signal integrated until slight bump in Li
NP13AP078 28.22 0.00 17.35 20.47 1.32 18.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.94 279 DE02D09 MA R 3 38 Excellent first half of signal until large sudden spiky increase in K from background levels
NP13AP078 28.13 0.00 17.52 20.52 1.17 18.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 279 DE02D10 MA R 2 25 Good second quarter f signal integrated after initial slightly elevated K until large sudden spike in Ti
NP13AP078 27.70 0.00 17.12 20.51 1.20 18.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.92 279 DE02D12 MA R 1 19 Excellent first quarter of signal until spike in Ti
NP13AP078 28.47 0.00 17.67 20.73 1.32 19.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.43 279 DE02D13 MA R 1 15 Reasonable first quarter of signal in-between spikes in Zr integrated, but does have very slightly elevated Ti
NP13AP078 27.38 0.00 17.04 20.21 1.25 18.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.68 279 DE02D14 MA R 3 30 Perfect first half of signal until large spike in Ti and Zr
NP13AP078 27.77 0.00 17.65 20.03 1.38 18.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.32 279 DE02D15 MA R 4 94 Excellent first three quarters of signal until spike in Ti, Zr and V in last few slices, some minor elevated Pb at beginning of signal
NP13AP078 28.75 0.00 18.03 20.74 1.28 18.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.55 279 DE02D17 MA R 3 31 Excellent middle of signal integrated after initially slightly elevated Ti until increase in Na and K
NP13AP078 28.02 0.00 16.55 20.83 1.03 18.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.73 279 DE02D18 MA R 3 30 Perfect last quarter of signal after initial elevated Ca, Sr and K
NP13AP078 28.26 0.00 17.59 20.71 1.10 18.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.58 279 DE02D19 MA R 4 45 Perfect first half of signal integrated until slight bump in Ca
578
NP13AP078 28.15 0.00 17.52 20.47 1.29 18.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.41 279 DE02D20 MA R 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP078 27.38 0.00 16.95 19.93 1.23 17.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.46 279 DE02D21 MA R 0 9 Poor, but small part of first quarter integrated until spike in Zr
NP13AP078 28.17 0.00 17.61 20.61 1.15 19.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.58 279 DE02D22 MA R 3 37 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated and spiky K until two large spikes in Zr and U
NP13AP090 28.54 0.00 18.71 18.73 0.96 20.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.16 285 DE02E01 MA R 1 19 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ca and K
NP13AP090 28.54 0.00 18.67 18.10 1.15 20.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.80 285 DE02E04 MA R 2 27 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K and Ba until T increases, however K is slightly elevated and spiky
NP13AP090 28.32 0.00 18.27 18.47 1.02 19.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.07 285 DE02E05 MA R 4 94 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Ti in last quarter
NP13AP090 28.84 0.00 18.63 18.29 0.93 20.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.32 285 DE02E06 MA R 1 18 Perfect last quarter of signal integrated after initial highly elevated and irregular K and Ba
NP13AP090 28.84 0.00 18.63 18.29 0.93 20.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.32 285 DE02E07 MA R 4 43 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large step increase in K and Ba
NP13AP090 28.28 0.00 18.55 18.60 0.98 20.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.55 285 DE02E09 MA R 4 82 Excellent first three quarters of signal until small increase in Ti followed by step increase in Na in last few slices
NP13AP090 28.82 0.00 18.54 19.08 0.84 20.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.30 285 DE02E10 MA R 4 81 Very good signal integrated until large step increase in Na and Sr in last quarter
NP13AP090 28.82 0.00 18.54 19.08 0.84 20.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.30 285 DE02E11 MA R 2 35 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K and Ti until spike in Na, however K and Na slightly spiky and variable
NP13AP090 28.32 0.00 18.27 18.47 1.02 19.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.07 285 DE02E16 MA R 1 27 Reasonable second quarter of signal after initial elevated Na, K, Ca and Ti until step increase in Sr, La and Ce; K and Na slightly spiky
NP13AP091 27.90 0.00 19.35 19.89 1.10 18.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.80 304 DE02F01 MA RAV 1 12 Good first few slices integrated until large spike in Zr followed by step increase in Ti
NP13AP091 27.45 0.00 18.74 19.59 1.07 18.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.49 304 DE02F02 MA RAV 3 33 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti, Ca and Y until step increase in Ce and Y
NP13AP091 27.32 0.00 19.39 19.72 1.02 18.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.25 304 DE02F03 MA RAV 4 57 Perfect middle of signal integrated after initial Zr spike until increase in K in last quarter
NP13AP091 27.45 0.00 19.82 20.31 0.97 18.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.97 304 DE02F04 MA RAV 4 49 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ce, Y, La, Sr, Ca, As and U
NP13AP091 27.57 0.00 19.61 20.28 1.03 18.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.77 304 DE02F06 MA RAV 4 107 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP091 27.81 0.00 19.39 20.88 0.99 18.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.18 304 DE02F07 MA RAV 3 34 Excellent first half of signal integrated in-between Zr spikes
NP13AP091 27.81 0.00 19.20 20.04 0.97 18.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.29 304 DE02F08 MA RAV 2 28 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until large spike in Zr
NP13AP091 27.90 0.00 19.31 20.10 1.08 18.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.58 304 DE02F09 MA RAV 4 85 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti
NP13AP091 27.79 0.00 19.48 20.20 1.01 18.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.38 304 DE02F10 MA RAV 1 13 Reasonable first few slices until increase in Ti then grain is clearly ablated through
NP13AP091 27.75 0.00 19.80 19.77 1.07 18.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.00 304 DE02F11 MA RAV 0 8 Poor, but integrated a few slices in-between large spikes in Zr, U and Y
NP13AP091 27.72 0.00 19.27 19.86 1.07 18.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.59 304 DE02F12 MA RAV 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP091 27.02 0.00 19.05 19.93 1.01 18.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.37 304 DE02F13 MA RAV 3 30 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large spikes in Zr, Y and U
NP13AP091 27.08 0.00 19.22 20.25 0.98 18.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.70 304 DE02F14 MA RAV 4 44 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large spikes in Zr, Y and U
NP13AP091 27.08 0.00 19.20 20.04 1.11 18.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.66 304 DE02F15 MA RAV 4 71 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until step increase in Ti in last quarter

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP061A 43.7 <7.5 52.5 110052 118449 362 315.5 390.9 114.5 <3.4 30623 86862 41.0 10.2 <0.7 1363.0 <0.4 4.0 0.5 0.1 <0.1 0.8 0.1 5.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP061A 45.1 <4.4 48.1 112814 117580 436 393.4 469.5 120.0 <1.9 31507 82894 41.9 10.4 0.6 1415.5 <0.3 3.9 0.5 0.0 <0.0 1.0 0.0 5.7 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 40.3 <4.0 38.3 112446 116987 193 395.5 531.4 119.6 <1.5 28744 80208 40.4 7.5 <0.5 1396.5 <0.3 2.6 0.2 0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 2.6 0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP061A 47.5 <4.0 77.3 113345 117937 471 511.3 377.0 119.1 <1.8 37717 74878 35.5 9.7 0.5 1564.5 <0.2 5.5 1.0 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 45.4 <5.6 63.4 111295 116880 606 317.8 352.3 118.2 <2.0 36245 75074 35.3 10.7 <0.5 1458.5 0.3 5.0 0.8 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 7.4 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP061A 45.9 <4.5 50.3 109819 115349 37 291.8 407.0 118.3 <1.5 33278 81636 36.6 8.6 0.7 1428.7 0.2 3.6 0.6 0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 44.2 6.7 46.2 114475 118285 42 376.4 447.3 123.6 <1.8 32506 82252 38.1 8.6 0.6 1424.9 <0.2 3.3 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 1.0 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 42.4 <4.2 46.8 111943 115741 41 280.7 468.0 117.6 <1.7 31143 81926 36.9 8.6 <0.5 1355.6 <0.3 3.2 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP061A 42.0 <5.2 25.1 110691 115920 33 292.5 482.1 120.3 <1.6 29924 84625 37.1 8.6 0.6 1343.0 <0.2 2.8 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 53.6 <6.4 96.2 111802 115779 127 516.1 478.0 108.2 <3.1 39619 85386 31.4 9.4 <0.7 1782.3 <0.3 5.9 0.9 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 51.2 <7.0 84.9 109866 114313 186 466.1 458.8 103.7 <2.9 38597 84838 31.5 9.6 <0.8 1701.6 <0.3 6.8 0.8 0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP061A 47.6 <8.1 63.1 113015 113293 260 335.9 485.6 98.2 <3.8 43435 73338 31.8 8.0 <0.9 1583.3 <0.3 5.5 1.0 0.2 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 50.6 <6.0 64.5 113101 116360 201 472.0 436.0 117.7 <2.6 40501 81214 33.5 6.3 0.7 1646.5 <0.3 6.0 0.9 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 3.7 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 47.6 <6.6 56.1 107051 113982 192 395.2 432.5 111.1 <3.3 38419 84138 30.8 7.1 0.7 1527.5 <0.3 5.3 0.8 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 2.0 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 46.3 <9.8 36.2 115619 110099 224 331.1 473.7 104.0 <3.4 40194 71375 33.3 7.3 1.5 1653.1 <0.4 6.6 0.9 0.1 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 3.8 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP061A 44.4 <5.7 53.0 111282 113305 36 297.3 434.9 119.7 <2.2 30474 80322 33.7 8.7 0.9 1303.1 0.2 3.5 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.0 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP078 27.9 2.7 57.4 151257 129216 71 292.7 29.2 274.4 2.0 9083 58123 88.3 21.8 8.4 1131.4 0.4 5.2 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP078 29.0 3.2 49.5 145324 122482 56 449.0 31.3 261.9 <1.4 8719 56911 84.6 22.6 17.6 1237.0 0.5 4.9 0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 2.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP078 29.2 2.6 62.2 142991 128537 96 399.7 37.6 245.4 <1.7 8429 55864 83.2 22.5 10.5 1216.4 <0.5 5.4 0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 2.6 0.0 0.0 1.4 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP078 28.5 2.1 56.8 149106 115826 56 422.0 32.5 240.8 <1.5 8652 55764 82.3 21.8 5.5 1002.0 0.4 5.6 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP078 29.0 <2.2 75.2 148065 119196 89 469.3 74.1 248.0 <1.5 8762 56619 85.4 19.8 5.2 968.9 0.6 7.2 0.0 1.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP078 24.7 <1.6 50.5 140152 120873 55 321.6 27.4 264.5 1.8 8684 54210 81.1 21.2 2.3 752.3 0.6 4.5 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 1.7 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP078 26.4 2.7 55.4 143951 124728 70 251.0 32.1 252.3 1.2 8698 56152 84.6 22.3 2.1 820.4 <0.3 5.3 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 1.4 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP078 35.2 3.4 79.9 147406 135462 81 649.4 82.6 279.4 <1.4 8496 59244 90.6 26.2 4.9 793.8 <0.4 10.6 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 2.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP078 36.1 4.6 78.7 131994 121767 92 757.3 98.0 232.4 <3.0 7247 53430 86.7 27.3 5.8 796.6 <0.5 11.7 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 1.8 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP078 24.0 2.5 44.1 141028 123983 65 404.5 45.8 277.3 <1.2 8711 55762 84.0 24.0 3.1 915.3 0.4 4.9 0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.6 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
579
NP13AP078 24.1 2.4 39.4 140385 122045 59 330.8 50.3 277.9 <0.9 8560 55261 84.3 22.8 2.1 903.6 <0.3 4.5 <0.0 0.5 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP078 23.7 3.0 72.0 137025 117696 65 488.1 39.0 245.5 3.4 8842 55497 83.1 26.9 12.6 994.6 0.5 8.5 0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 3.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP078 26.1 3.5 67.9 142582 120918 72 388.5 35.5 254.5 1.7 8573 55994 82.9 22.4 1.4 841.4 <0.4 6.4 0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP090 38.2 1.9 43.4 162209 123042 75 369.4 46.5 479.7 1.9 8041 52116 97.4 41.1 1.9 495.5 <0.4 5.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP090 39.3 3.1 133.0 154884 127490 290 635.6 44.2 480.2 <2.2 7616 51665 103.1 46.0 2.2 547.6 <0.5 9.5 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 3.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP090 35.2 2.6 52.7 150844 122739 142 700.4 58.5 508.4 1.5 7874 52849 94.0 39.7 2.5 515.7 <0.3 8.6 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP090 38.6 <3.6 61.4 149906 123317 101 542.7 48.4 476.2 <2.6 7572 51870 103.0 46.7 3.4 546.1 <0.7 9.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP090 41.1 2.9 53.4 159438 129469 113 745.2 50.6 450.6 2.7 7921 53389 99.5 43.3 3.0 524.2 <0.2 7.5 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP090 40.7 2.5 65.3 157950 126571 113 479.8 39.8 443.1 2.0 7852 53659 98.1 39.5 2.0 506.4 <0.2 7.4 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP090 37.4 2.0 68.8 154564 123180 93 476.1 46.1 488.0 2.4 8011 53426 94.2 38.5 1.2 509.3 <0.3 6.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP090 42.1 3.6 125.6 152715 129143 110 438.7 27.0 395.5 <1.6 7710 53699 100.5 43.0 2.9 533.2 <0.5 9.7 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.5 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP090 37.9 <1.8 107.9 149423 126397 167 684.3 61.3 460.4 1.7 7874 52782 94.9 38.8 2.6 513.3 <0.3 9.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 2.1 <0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP091 39.5 <2.1 57.2 149022 119924 45 491.0 130.6 738.4 8.3 7836 59621 76.3 16.9 <0.4 681.6 <0.5 9.7 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP091 37.7 2.5 62.7 133992 116745 51 553.5 127.4 657.9 6.1 7207 55050 79.4 20.0 <0.4 687.8 <0.5 9.2 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP091 41.1 <1.5 62.1 140712 123968 54 489.2 140.9 716.7 6.7 7612 58308 81.0 21.4 0.5 668.1 <0.4 8.1 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 41.5 2.6 58.8 144042 125203 74 442.5 126.2 685.6 7.7 7650 59213 82.8 19.5 0.5 706.7 <0.3 8.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 41.4 3.6 49.4 138137 121155 38 488.9 98.1 439.1 3.2 7875 60145 80.7 16.8 0.3 701.8 <0.3 8.3 0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP091 41.1 2.7 42.8 136763 120646 38 402.6 93.6 455.8 7.4 7753 58033 77.8 17.6 0.8 638.3 <0.3 7.9 0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 41.4 <1.7 44.1 136889 119277 43 434.6 80.0 424.1 3.3 7987 59928 78.1 16.5 0.6 683.3 <0.4 7.3 0.0 0.4 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 40.3 3.8 48.6 137442 119248 45 503.1 92.3 427.8 2.8 7754 58957 79.6 17.0 0.6 697.5 <0.3 8.5 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP091 41.8 4.1 47.2 140678 118275 41 538.3 141.1 500.3 6.6 8186 59593 79.7 15.6 1.1 667.5 <0.3 7.8 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP091 42.8 4.4 44.1 146032 126076 81 504.7 153.5 399.2 <2.3 7817 59862 82.8 15.0 0.5 661.3 <0.5 9.1 0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 40.3 2.7 40.6 136810 120498 57 531.7 142.8 385.9 1.9 7590 58268 78.0 14.7 0.7 650.2 0.3 7.3 0.0 0.4 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 40.3 <1.7 37.6 139526 116230 53 326.4 132.5 364.0 2.1 7484 57258 77.5 14.0 0.6 643.7 <0.3 7.7 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 41.0 1.8 44.9 139471 122226 75 444.2 142.4 363.3 3.8 7669 59137 77.5 14.9 0.6 644.0 <0.3 7.6 0.1 0.8 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 39.5 3.7 51.2 139005 118612 48 356.5 105.8 614.1 2.3 7830 57485 78.1 16.6 0.4 720.2 <0.3 6.8 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP091 38.3 2.4 48.9 138020 120205 47 367.0 131.6 652.5 2.8 7880 57854 80.1 17.3 0.7 772.7 <0.3 6.6 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 39.3 2.3 49.8 136388 120959 47 426.7 100.1 608.9 3.4 7895 60089 82.3 19.1 0.7 792.5 <0.3 7.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0

( C)
NP13AP091 27.81 0.00 19.35 20.31 1.12 18.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.28 304 DE02F18 MA RAV 4 74 Excellent first three quarter of signal integrated until spike in Zr, Y and U in last quarter
NP13AP105 28.13 0.00 19.29 18.31 0.84 19.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.10 304 DE03A07 MA RAV 4 56 Perfect last half of signal integrated after initial spikes in Ti, Y and Ce
NP13AP105 28.94 0.00 18.44 18.00 0.80 20.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.83 304 DE03A09 MA RAV 4 108 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP105 28.94 0.00 18.44 18.00 0.80 20.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.83 304 DE03A10 MA RAV 4 40 Perfect first half of signal integrated in-between elevated Zr spikes
NP13AP105 28.32 0.00 18.74 17.68 1.17 20.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.46 304 DE03A12 MA RAV 4 42 Perfect first half of signal integrated until small bump in V
NP13AP105 28.99 0.00 19.12 17.72 0.96 20.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.67 304 DE03A13 MA RAV 4 71 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until slight increase in Si
NP13AP105 28.34 0.00 18.59 17.65 0.98 20.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.67 304 DE03A14 MA RAV 3 38 Excellent middle of signal integrated in-between bumps in Sr and Na
NP13AP105 28.52 0.00 19.12 17.52 0.99 20.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.47 304 DE03A15 MA RAV 4 74 Excellent last half of signal after initial elevated V and Ti
NP13AP105 27.60 0.00 19.54 18.11 1.05 19.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.11 304 DE03A16 MA RAV 2 24 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until decrease in Co and increase in Sr, then grain ablated through
NP13AP105 28.75 0.00 19.07 17.55 0.87 20.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.04 304 DE03A17 MA RAV 4 109 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP105 29.33 0.00 18.71 17.41 0.92 20.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.17 304 DE03A18 MA RAV 4 56 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large increase in Na, Sr, K and Ba
NP13AP105 28.30 0.00 19.52 17.90 1.08 20.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.91 304 DE03A19 MA RAV 4 40 Good first half of signal integrated until change in all elements indicated grain was ablated through
NP13AP105 28.32 0.00 19.08 17.66 0.97 20.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.22 304 DE03A20 MA RAV 1 12 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until step change in all elements shows grain was penetrated though
NP13AP105 28.67 0.00 18.90 17.55 0.89 20.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.44 304 DE03A22 MA RAV 4 93 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr
NP13AP105 28.99 0.00 19.12 17.72 0.96 20.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.67 304 DE03A23 MA RAV 4 41 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large bump in Ti, Ca, Y and Zr
NP13AP106 27.64 0.00 18.14 20.35 0.57 18.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.14 262 DE03B02 MA RAV 4 60 Perfect first three quarters f signal integrated until increase in K, Na and Sr
NP13AP106 28.07 0.00 17.76 19.25 0.88 18.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.59 262 DE03B03 MA RAV 4 104 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP106 28.07 0.00 17.76 19.25 0.88 18.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.59 262 DE03B04 MA RAV 4 74 Perfect first three quarter of signal integrated until small step increase in K
NP13AP106 29.05 0.00 17.29 18.73 0.79 20.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.44 262 DE03B07 MA RAV 4 48 Perfect last half of signal integrated after initially elevated Ti and Cu
NP13AP106 29.05 0.00 17.29 18.73 0.79 20.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.44 262 DE03B08 MA RAV 4 106 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP106 29.41 0.00 17.36 18.31 0.81 20.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.34 262 DE03B09 MA RAV 2 26 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti
NP13AP106 31.36 0.00 17.70 17.73 0.89 20.18 0.00 0.00 0.71 88.58 262 DE03B11 MA RAV 1 17 Poor, but some of middle of signal integrated in-between elevated K
NP13AP106 29.88 0.00 17.65 18.55 0.89 21.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.02 262 DE03B15 MA RAV 2 28 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti
NP13AP106 30.08 0.00 17.25 18.24 0.96 21.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.92 262 DE03B16 MA RAV 4 68 Excellent last half of signal after initially elevated Ti and Ce
580
NP13AP106 29.39 0.00 17.40 18.49 0.75 21.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.04 262 DE03B17 MA RAV 4 66 Perfect middle of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr, U and Y until increase in Sr, Zr, U and Y
NP13AP106 29.33 0.00 17.44 17.78 0.83 20.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.30 262 DE03B18 MA RAV 1 15 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, U and Y until large step increase in Ti and Ca
NP13AP107 28.69 0.00 19.75 18.17 1.32 19.25 0.00 0.00 0.28 87.44 299 DE05A07 MA RAV 3 30 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in K
NP13AP107 27.98 0.00 19.35 18.55 1.38 19.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.13 299 DE05A08 MA RAV 3 31 Good first quarter integrated until slight increase in K and Sr in second quarter
NP13AP107 27.30 0.00 19.50 18.49 1.42 19.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.94 299 DE05A10 MA RAV 4 77 Excellent last three quarters of signal after initial slightly elevated K and Pb
NP13AP107 27.34 0.00 19.29 17.59 1.29 18.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.01 299 DE05A11 MA RAV 2 24 Excellent second quarter of signal after initial slightly elevated Ba until large step increase in K, Na, Sr and Ba
NP13AP107 27.72 0.00 19.20 18.17 1.28 18.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.30 299 DE05A12 MA RAV 3 31 Excellent middle of signal integrated after initial spikes in Zr until grain is ablated through
NP13AP107 27.70 0.00 19.58 18.26 1.25 19.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.20 299 DE05A13 MA RAV 4 52 Excellent first half of signal integrated until Sr begins to increase slightly before large step increase in Sr and Na
NP13AP107 27.25 0.00 18.67 17.78 1.28 19.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.00 299 DE05A14 MA RAV 4 41 Very good middle of signal after initial slight elevated Na until small step increase in Na
NP13AP107 27.66 0.00 19.37 17.74 1.42 19.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.17 299 DE05A16 MA RAV 4 54 Perfect last half of signal after initial slightly irregular Na, Sr and K
NP13AP107 27.40 0.00 18.84 17.88 1.41 18.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.50 299 DE05A17 MA RAV 4 54 Perfect last half of signal integrated after initial large bump in Sr and Na
NP13AP107 28.00 0.00 19.25 18.14 1.32 19.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.33 299 DE05A18 MA RAV 2 29 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until Sr begins to increase slightly
NP13AP107 28.26 0.00 19.08 17.99 1.41 19.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.15 299 DE05A20 MA RAV 4 69 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until very slight increase in Sr
NP13AP121 30.01 0.00 17.59 16.13 1.67 21.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.88 299 DE09A07 MA R 1 14 Good first few slices integrated until large increase in Na
NP13AP121 30.12 0.00 17.91 16.40 1.89 20.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.28 299 DE09A08 MA R 3 37 Perfect first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP121 29.69 0.00 17.78 15.79 1.63 20.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.73 299 DE09A09 MA R 4 96 Very good last three quarters of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr
NP13AP121 28.45 0.00 18.74 18.47 1.85 19.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.10 299 DE09A14 MA R 1 18 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Na, Sr and Ce
NP13AP121 28.84 0.00 18.72 18.65 2.07 19.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.03 299 DE09A15 MA R 1 18 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in Na and Sr, some minor Sr variance included
NP13AP121 29.20 0.00 18.88 18.73 2.17 19.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.48 299 DE09A17 MA R 1 10 Good few slices in middle of signal integrated in-between spikes in Zr
NP13AP121 29.29 0.00 18.33 17.47 1.91 20.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.69 299 DE09A18 MA R 3 37 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Na and K
NP13AP121 28.26 0.00 17.80 17.44 1.82 19.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.07 299 DE09A19 MA R 1 13 Reasonable few slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ca and Na until step increase in REEs
NP13AP121 28.19 0.00 18.14 18.13 1.95 19.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.61 299 DE09A20 MA R 0 7 Poor, but first few slices reasonable and integrated until large spike in Zr and U
NP13AP121 27.98 0.00 18.48 18.50 2.07 19.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.34 299 DE09A23 MA R 1 13 Reasonable first few slices integrated until increase in Na
NP13AP121 27.92 0.00 18.93 18.63 2.20 18.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.51 299 DE09A24 MA R 3 52 Very good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated K, however K remains slightly spiky throughout section
NP13AP121 28.26 0.00 18.42 18.68 2.12 19.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.91 299 DE09A25 MA R 3 63 Good first three quarters of signal integrated until Na is detected; K slightly spiky throughout
NP13AP121 29.07 0.00 17.97 17.08 1.79 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.92 299 DE09A26 MA R 2 21 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in Na
NP13AP145 26.76 0.00 19.88 19.59 1.56 17.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.14 307 DE09B03 SG V 3 36 Excellent first half of signal integrated until K and Zr increase
NP13AP145 27.15 0.00 19.82 19.70 1.50 18.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.62 307 DE09B07 SG V 2 23 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Zr and U

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP091 39.8 2.7 56.7 140952 119915 83 509.9 97.9 361.5 <1.4 7705 59265 79.5 15.1 0.5 655.6 <0.3 10.4 0.0 0.4 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP105 95.8 6.7 92.8 153287 137142 189 508.6 68.6 340.2 <1.9 6024 56025 84.6 16.0 0.4 892.7 <0.4 9.7 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.2 0.1 1.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP105 70.8 4.8 56.9 159545 138007 192 462.9 75.2 247.7 <1.2 6612 56640 85.7 15.7 3.3 927.0 <0.3 9.7 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 1.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 78.3 4.6 56.4 158647 132707 231 390.7 73.6 267.4 <1.3 6649 55059 80.4 13.3 1.4 855.8 <0.4 7.7 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 74.4 4.4 51.4 162714 136764 176 465.9 63.7 262.0 2.3 6679 56614 89.6 14.1 1.1 939.3 0.4 8.4 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 68.9 4.4 43.0 160671 131095 199 424.9 64.8 299.8 1.7 7034 56313 78.0 14.5 1.0 889.7 0.3 7.5 <0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 69.4 4.1 43.0 163987 133904 210 329.9 64.0 296.8 3.3 7010 56905 84.7 14.1 1.5 899.5 <0.3 7.6 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 2.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 54.9 2.7 41.5 147931 130868 88 338.2 97.4 402.8 <2.0 7384 52904 62.3 10.6 2.5 863.3 <0.4 5.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 57.5 3.7 41.8 155275 136421 129 388.7 111.8 382.6 2.6 7176 55442 74.1 11.3 6.6 877.6 <0.4 6.2 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 59.0 2.6 41.2 162771 127669 133 343.7 69.3 324.7 3.4 7709 58906 78.4 10.9 1.4 907.1 <0.4 4.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 60.6 3.7 46.9 159705 150453 176 408.0 89.4 303.7 <1.4 7238 57277 88.7 12.5 3.3 893.2 0.3 6.3 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.7 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP105 68.9 4.3 65.4 157195 129460 218 473.8 60.5 263.6 <1.2 6820 56120 72.9 14.3 2.1 866.8 0.4 8.6 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 2.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 59.4 3.3 53.0 163952 134679 103 383.6 109.9 405.9 2.9 7915 57235 66.6 11.2 2.6 872.0 <0.3 7.1 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 1.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP105 58.4 2.7 43.0 164299 126163 82 616.9 161.5 335.0 2.9 7660 58061 61.7 10.5 3.4 845.2 <0.5 6.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 2.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 69.7 4.6 47.7 162414 136323 223 432.6 89.8 301.9 1.3 6745 55498 80.3 15.1 0.9 904.4 0.4 7.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 69.4 3.8 43.1 165244 129059 200 430.8 68.7 285.1 1.7 7178 56599 80.0 13.2 0.9 912.3 0.4 7.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 2.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP106 88.4 3.8 100.0 140787 124728 140 679.3 75.4 298.6 1.2 5819 59049 71.6 10.6 1.3 1851.8 <0.4 12.5 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP106 90.4 4.8 145.0 144446 128691 113 982.1 72.5 318.7 1.1 5609 58280 76.7 11.6 4.6 1759.3 <0.3 16.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 2.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP106 89.5 4.4 125.7 142607 126871 110 905.4 74.7 313.9 1.2 5708 58371 73.4 10.2 3.3 1835.6 0.3 14.9 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 2.3 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP106 90.2 5.0 138.2 148455 134513 127 841.9 74.3 329.8 2.0 6048 61605 77.3 11.7 3.1 2002.4 0.3 15.6 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP106 74.3 6.2 112.9 152058 134327 292 584.1 64.3 218.1 <1.8 6037 57503 92.1 14.9 4.9 1291.4 <0.5 13.9 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 1.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP106 72.9 3.6 99.9 157591 134689 290 702.6 58.3 218.9 <1.1 6197 57871 91.0 13.2 2.4 1199.6 <0.3 11.1 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 1.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP106 70.6 3.4 118.4 157437 129720 397 569.4 83.8 286.8 1.3 6545 60879 85.8 13.1 6.0 1149.2 <0.3 11.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 2.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP106 65.8 3.8 84.1 152072 134339 257 612.2 96.0 295.8 <2.0 6592 58077 93.1 14.6 5.7 1186.4 <0.5 8.9 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 1.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP106 57.1 2.6 85.8 133083 115859 72 467.8 83.9 323.0 <0.9 6204 58616 70.2 9.6 0.4 1160.1 <0.3 6.8 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP106 79.1 3.3 104.7 146839 130856 216 675.0 75.3 265.7 <1.8 6017 56056 81.7 11.9 3.7 1232.6 0.4 12.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
581
NP13AP106 81.4 4.3 111.5 157528 136152 230 662.5 60.3 216.4 <1.2 6139 54727 88.6 12.1 0.6 1221.2 <0.4 11.3 0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP106 85.8 3.8 136.4 159901 132743 227 777.1 69.7 225.8 <1.4 6225 55302 87.2 12.0 2.3 1201.6 <0.5 10.7 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP107 47.1 3.8 15.0 147621 130153 67 159.7 70.0 688.2 2.9 10096 60312 49.8 10.8 30.7 986.7 <0.3 2.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 2.2 <0.0 <0.0 1.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP107 43.8 3.7 20.4 146084 119458 113 232.7 76.4 687.2 2.1 9947 58305 46.3 9.9 52.1 930.1 <0.3 2.5 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.4 <0.0 1.3 <0.0 <0.0 3.7 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP107 48.3 3.6 14.9 147038 129242 81 212.1 68.1 653.1 1.7 9296 57791 51.7 11.6 15.5 1021.1 <0.4 2.8 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.3 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP107 50.1 2.8 18.7 137657 119457 72 221.1 57.1 653.5 2.0 9755 59420 49.4 11.0 16.8 1008.7 <0.4 2.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 1.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
NP13AP107 45.2 3.9 19.8 143366 124508 68 258.7 65.4 649.2 <1.4 9435 58026 52.3 11.9 11.5 929.3 <0.4 2.7 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP107 45.1 4.1 25.4 151932 122102 93 273.9 71.1 664.5 <1.2 9128 58018 51.9 10.4 12.4 880.9 <0.3 2.8 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.6 0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP107 41.6 4.1 14.7 138719 116383 72 205.9 73.4 651.6 <1.4 9055 54872 47.3 10.0 1.5 904.4 <0.4 2.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP107 46.5 3.4 17.7 142122 125901 107 318.4 75.5 669.2 <1.5 9342 56889 49.1 12.0 2.6 980.4 0.4 3.8 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP107 45.2 3.7 20.0 141673 123272 88 291.8 62.3 635.8 <1.5 8677 54744 50.1 11.1 3.4 962.6 0.4 3.7 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP107 50.9 2.3 13.7 144543 116506 94 394.5 116.2 709.3 1.8 9569 55950 36.0 8.3 2.5 898.8 0.5 4.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 1.8 <0.0 <0.0 2.6 0.1 <0.0
NP13AP107 57.0 3.6 14.7 141925 119021 101 245.2 105.9 700.2 1.4 9741 56494 37.6 8.0 2.1 1000.0 0.6 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.1 <0.0 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 18.8 0.2 <0.0
NP13AP121 69.0 2.6 101.0 165113 126188 101 781.1 70.3 204.1 2.1 13531 55179 106.4 19.1 1.8 1299.4 0.7 9.5 0.3 0.3 <0.0 1.4 0.1 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 70.1 3.4 105.1 161000 136115 93 815.0 65.4 231.8 4.2 12876 57123 105.7 20.4 1.3 1429.7 0.5 8.8 0.3 0.3 <0.0 1.5 0.1 2.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP121 71.6 4.3 134.2 159817 138508 103 991.5 62.0 205.6 2.5 12092 55657 110.2 22.0 0.7 1466.3 0.7 12.9 0.5 0.5 <0.0 1.8 0.1 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP121 57.1 2.6 61.3 163941 128301 68 644.3 125.4 278.5 1.8 15178 62773 108.6 19.2 1.2 1242.1 0.4 5.9 0.1 1.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 49.9 1.7 127.5 154013 120894 56 625.1 154.0 259.4 <1.3 15439 62524 101.9 21.5 1.2 1229.5 0.4 8.1 0.3 1.3 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 2.6 0.1 0.4 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 47.8 2.7 100.7 149475 125715 61 591.2 144.0 242.2 <2.2 15035 62709 101.0 20.1 0.7 1225.5 <0.4 5.4 0.1 1.5 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 1.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 59.1 2.0 90.2 164763 131331 75 608.1 120.2 268.2 <0.9 15005 62924 110.2 21.6 1.5 1340.3 0.4 6.2 0.2 1.6 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 2.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 57.6 2.7 145.5 156807 129284 70 608.8 112.2 269.3 <2.0 14790 62910 111.4 22.7 1.4 1313.4 <0.3 6.1 0.1 1.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 2.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 44.7 <1.1 49.5 153059 115707 42 615.4 113.4 235.8 1.3 15567 63085 104.0 21.9 0.8 1155.1 0.5 3.9 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 56.6 2.6 97.4 159755 127351 58 412.8 124.5 256.9 <1.6 15139 61441 104.2 22.4 0.9 1292.8 <0.3 4.6 0.2 0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 2.0 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 50.6 2.1 83.7 148420 119620 161 445.1 124.7 238.5 2.8 14399 61316 111.5 24.3 0.7 1394.3 <0.4 5.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 2.3 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 45.8 2.3 96.1 156420 127185 110 480.1 129.6 251.5 1.6 16060 63957 106.4 22.1 0.7 1285.0 <0.2 5.4 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 51.4 2.8 85.8 157805 123542 62 525.7 70.4 230.5 7.4 14414 61024 107.4 24.6 0.8 1212.3 <0.2 5.7 0.1 0.2 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 1.3 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP145 38.2 1.5 11.0 139036 113888 33 216.8 292.0 622.6 <1.0 10869 66729 76.9 19.0 0.5 741.4 <0.3 0.8 0.1 0.7 <0.0 5.8 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP145 38.7 <1.3 28.1 136219 111934 43 228.3 254.4 526.2 <1.3 11050 63378 77.3 24.3 0.8 756.3 <0.4 1.3 0.3 4.9 <0.1 3.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.1

( C)
NP13AP145 27.06 0.00 19.73 19.98 1.51 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 307 DE09B11 SG V 2 23 Good last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr and U and K and Ba
NP13AP145 27.06 0.00 19.73 19.98 1.51 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 307 DE09B12 SG V 1 17 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr and U until large step increase in K
NP13AP145 27.06 0.00 19.73 19.98 1.51 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 307 DE09B13 SG V 2 22 Very good first half of signal integrated until detection of K
NP13AP145 27.06 0.00 19.73 19.98 1.51 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 307 DE09B14 SG V 2 24 Good last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr until K increases
NP13AP145 27.06 0.00 19.73 19.98 1.51 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 307 DE09B15 SG V 2 22 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K and Zr
NP13AP145 27.06 0.00 19.73 19.98 1.51 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 307 DE09B16 SG V 2 22 Excellent last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr and U
NP13AP145 27.06 0.00 19.73 19.98 1.51 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 307 DE09B18 SG V 4 41 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Zr, U and Y
NP13AP145 27.06 0.00 19.73 19.98 1.51 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 307 DE09B19 SG V 3 30 Perfect first half of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP145 27.06 0.00 19.73 19.98 1.51 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.19 307 DE09B20 SG V 3 30 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after elevated Sr until increase in Zr; Sr slightly spiky
NP13AP147 26.35 0.00 20.18 22.78 1.23 16.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.68 323 DE09C02 MA R 0 13 Good first few slices but again with elevated K, integrated until grain is clearly ablated through
NP13AP147 26.35 0.00 19.37 22.35 1.16 16.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.03 323 DE09C04 SG Clot 3 31 Good middle of signal integrated after initial elevated K and Sr until increase in K, Na, Ba and Sr
NP13AP147 26.85 0.00 19.73 22.80 0.99 16.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.24 323 DE09C05 SG Clot 4 65 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti, Y and Ba
NP13AP147 26.72 0.00 19.41 24.02 1.05 15.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.04 323 DE09C06 SG Clot 4 44 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until slight increase in Sr
NP13AP147 26.85 0.00 19.73 22.80 0.99 16.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.24 323 DE09C07 SG Clot 4 40 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti, Y and Ba
NP13AP147 26.72 0.00 19.41 24.02 1.05 15.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.04 323 DE09C08 SG Clot 0 17 Reasonable first few slices integrated until slight bump in REE's and U; likely some REE contamination throughout
NP13AP147 25.97 0.00 19.59 24.19 0.88 15.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.38 323 DE09C09 SG Clot 4 109 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP147 25.97 0.00 19.59 24.19 0.88 15.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.38 323 DE09C10 SG Clot 2 31 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in K; may be slightly contaminated with slightly elevated REE's
NP13AP147 26.74 0.00 19.67 23.16 0.99 16.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.16 323 DE09C11 SG Clot 3 37 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated and spiky K
NP13AP147 26.42 0.00 19.86 23.81 0.96 16.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.30 323 DE09C12 SG Clot 2 25 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated utile large step increase in Sr and Ca
NP13AP147 26.42 0.00 19.86 23.81 0.96 16.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.30 323 DE09C13 SG Clot 4 41 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K until large step increase in Sr and Ca
NP13AP147 26.74 0.00 19.67 23.16 0.99 16.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.16 323 DE09C14 SG Clot 4 55 Perfect last half of signal integrated after initial elevated K, Cr and Ba
NP13AP147 26.74 0.00 19.67 23.16 0.99 16.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.16 323 DE09C15 SG Clot 2 21 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Cr until K is detected
NP13AP147 26.74 0.00 19.67 23.16 0.99 16.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.16 323 DE09C16 SG Clot 1 14 Reasonable slices in first quarter integrated after initial elevated Cr until large step increase in K
NP13AP147 26.74 0.00 19.67 23.16 0.99 16.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.16 323 DE09C17 SG Clot 3 45 Reasonable first half of signal with only minor spiky K integrated until increase in Ni and Ti
NP13AP150 27.87 0.00 19.69 20.70 1.14 18.65 0.25 0.00 0.00 88.31 310 DE11C01 MA R 1 10 Good first few slices integrated until K increases sharply
NP13AP150 28.26 0.00 20.77 20.16 1.30 18.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.14 310 DE11C02 MA R 3 31 Reasonable middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti and Y until sharp increase in Sr, Ca and REE's
582
NP13AP150 28.09 0.00 20.75 20.44 1.32 18.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.18 310 DE11C04 MA R 2 27 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Ti
NP13AP150 28.09 0.00 20.75 20.44 1.32 18.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.18 310 DE11C05 MA R 3 31 Perfect last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated and variable K and Ti
NP13AP150 27.42 0.00 19.82 20.51 1.17 18.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.60 310 DE11C06 MA R 3 38 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large bump in Na and Sr
NP13AP150 27.47 0.00 20.26 20.58 1.38 17.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 310 DE11C07 MA R 3 31 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ti, Y, U and Pb
NP13AP150 27.45 0.00 19.82 20.39 1.23 18.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.42 310 DE11C08 MA R 1 19 Reasonable last quarter of signal integrated after elevated K and Ti
NP13AP150 27.87 0.00 20.39 20.21 1.14 18.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.92 310 DE11C09 MA R 2 25 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr and U until bump in Ti, Y and Sn
NP13AP150 27.72 0.00 20.48 20.37 1.32 17.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.63 310 DE11C10 MA R 2 27 Good last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Na and Sr
NP13AP150 27.94 0.00 20.97 20.84 1.29 18.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.07 310 DE11C11 MA R 4 40 Excellent middle of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr and U until increase in Ti and Ca
NP13AP150 27.96 0.00 20.07 19.81 1.19 18.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.48 310 DE11C12 MA R 3 32 Good first quarter of signal integrated until detection of K
NP13AP150 28.30 0.00 20.16 20.25 1.21 18.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.48 310 DE11C13 MA R 3 35 Good first quarter of signal integrated until detection of K
NP13AP150 27.34 0.00 20.46 20.53 1.37 18.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.89 310 DE11C14 MA R 1 19 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP150 27.36 0.00 19.75 20.20 1.27 17.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.54 310 DE11C15 MA R 4 40 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP150 27.88 0.00 20.06 20.50 1.27 18.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.94 310 DE11C17 MA R 1 11 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ti and Y
NP13AP150 28.09 0.00 19.88 20.64 1.23 18.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.52 310 DE11C18 MA R 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP150 27.98 0.00 19.82 20.51 1.21 18.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.88 310 DE11C19 MA R 2 21 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr, La, Ti and Pb
NP13AP150 28.11 0.00 19.63 20.56 1.19 18.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.86 310 DE11C20 MA R 2 22 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until K increases sharply
NP13AP170 28.41 0.00 19.16 22.48 0.89 16.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.42 294 JA05B01 MA RAV 3 62 Excellent first half of signal integrated until spike in Zr and U, however elevated in K throughout
NP13AP170 28.86 0.00 19.54 21.56 0.71 16.37 0.00 0.00 0.45 87.48 294 JA05B02 MA RAV 3 40 Very good first half of signal integrated until spike in Sr, Ce, La and Y; however elevated in K throughout
NP13AP170 28.56 0.00 19.24 22.87 0.77 16.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.27 294 JA05B03 MA RAV 1 25 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Sr, Ce, La, Ca and Y; however elevated in K throughout
NP13AP170 28.49 0.00 19.12 22.33 0.87 17.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.86 294 JA05B04 MA RAV 3 107 Excellent signal integrated throughout, however with elevated K throughout
NP13AP170 28.11 0.00 18.80 22.86 0.83 16.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.11 294 JA05B08 MA RAV 3 52 Excellent first half of signal integrated until spike in Zr and U, however elevated in K throughout
NP13AP170 28.77 0.00 19.46 22.33 0.77 16.60 0.00 0.00 0.39 88.33 294 JA05B10 MA RAV 2 30 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until bump in K, Na, Ba and Sr; however signal elevated in K throughout
NP13AP170 28.84 0.00 19.35 21.72 0.75 16.76 0.00 0.00 0.42 87.84 294 JA05B12 MA RAV 3 41 Excellent first half of signal integrated until spike in Sr, Ce, Ca and Y; however elevated K throughout
NP13AP170 28.34 0.00 18.65 21.86 0.75 16.58 0.00 0.00 0.28 86.46 294 JA05B13 MA RAV 3 86 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until large increase in Sr, Ce, Ca, La and Y; however elevated K throughout

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP145 34.8 <2.2 37.6 127114 108213 13 <230 264.4 646.4 <2.8 11277 64632 77.3 22.9 <0.5 898.2 <0.8 1.6 0.4 6.6 <0.1 7.2 <0.1 <0.4 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP145 41.7 1.9 63.7 136751 117622 26 287.7 315.9 597.4 9.9 10072 68148 71.0 14.5 0.8 711.5 <0.3 2.7 0.3 4.9 <0.0 5.3 <0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP145 36.1 <1.1 16.1 138516 113800 19 199.4 352.2 637.8 <1.8 10592 64582 76.0 21.7 0.5 705.7 <0.3 0.7 0.3 4.0 <0.1 7.9 <0.1 <0.2 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP145 37.3 2.6 30.1 131868 111828 33 <213.2 335.3 613.0 <2.3 10043 64233 78.0 22.4 0.6 806.4 <0.7 1.1 0.6 8.7 <0.1 9.5 <0.1 <0.3 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP145 38.7 <1.4 25.5 136479 110202 17 207.9 356.7 619.2 <1.7 10826 64946 75.7 19.4 0.6 748.6 <0.3 1.6 0.3 3.4 <0.1 7.2 <0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP145 36.1 <2.0 31.6 136205 114065 16 <203.1 232.9 486.2 <2.8 10205 64413 78.7 21.1 <0.5 762.1 <0.8 1.6 0.1 2.1 <0.1 4.8 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP145 39.8 2.0 26.1 139457 110426 31 190.7 271.6 499.7 <1.1 10965 60972 74.5 21.2 1.1 701.4 <0.3 1.1 0.1 0.6 <0.0 4.8 <0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP145 38.3 1.6 13.7 135543 109272 15 233.2 317.7 617.7 <1.2 10783 62851 73.8 23.8 0.6 705.1 <0.3 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 7.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP145 39.0 1.5 30.6 131644 107259 10 340.2 284.4 529.2 <1.4 11468 62740 76.6 27.3 0.6 775.5 <0.4 3.3 0.1 0.9 <0.0 4.8 <0.0 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP147 52.2 1.4 32.7 127876 107258 262 244.8 250.8 379.8 18.2 7802 79145 88.5 15.6 0.7 654.6 <0.4 1.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 5.9 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP147 65.6 1.5 43.2 122931 114023 103 603.5 252.4 406.1 <1.8 7817 76751 92.5 12.7 0.5 661.4 0.4 4.6 0.0 0.1 <0.1 1.1 0.1 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP147 61.2 1.2 30.4 125659 113332 15 211.1 260.7 399.1 24.6 7622 74049 86.6 11.0 1.5 597.0 0.4 1.8 0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.3 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP147 52.1 <0.9 28.8 119551 110971 19 176.5 383.8 454.8 15.3 6794 74832 86.9 14.4 2.0 595.1 <0.2 2.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP147 70.6 1.1 60.9 131629 117296 15 423.2 273.6 356.1 27.3 7654 75238 91.1 13.3 1.5 697.5 0.3 3.5 0.1 0.2 <0.0 1.1 <0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP147 60.0 1.6 56.0 125692 115160 13 535.8 365.5 366.7 9.2 7542 73473 89.1 12.4 0.6 609.8 <0.3 3.7 2.8 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP147 51.5 0.9 20.2 119993 111874 10 243.2 256.9 435.0 3.2 7086 77271 90.7 13.1 0.9 652.3 <0.2 1.2 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP147 67.5 2.0 33.9 133619 114385 10 364.1 442.3 361.9 12.1 8120 73035 90.1 12.9 1.1 651.0 <0.2 1.7 1.8 0.2 <0.0 2.3 <0.0 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP147 63.2 <1.3 48.5 125834 113072 24 290.9 263.7 360.5 25.5 7453 73758 90.8 12.7 0.8 665.6 <0.3 2.4 0.2 0.2 <0.0 1.3 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP147 59.4 2.3 29.3 126205 116425 15 163.9 264.7 395.5 55.6 7849 77237 89.6 11.7 3.7 615.8 0.4 1.7 0.1 0.2 <0.0 1.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.0
NP13AP147 53.9 1.3 15.6 126721 114812 24 769.6 524.3 430.9 60.0 7423 77660 91.1 13.1 1.4 626.1 0.5 3.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP147 73.8 <1.2 56.1 131579 111862 20 346.8 353.4 202.1 7.5 8537 65471 90.5 20.2 0.4 736.5 <0.3 3.1 0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.4 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP147 81.1 1.8 100.3 136590 118697 36 452.2 341.8 185.5 33.7 8448 68878 92.5 20.7 0.6 753.3 <0.3 4.7 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP147 72.2 <1.2 54.8 135832 116787 127 455.4 384.8 247.4 35.7 8373 69014 91.1 16.6 0.5 669.0 <0.3 3.1 0.0 0.2 <0.0 1.4 <0.0 2.9 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP147 62.0 1.2 32.3 127104 111927 146 338.6 428.3 386.1 35.8 7939 75764 90.1 10.7 1.1 629.6 0.3 1.8 0.2 0.1 <0.0 1.6 <0.0 3.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP150 48.7 2.5 82.8 141518 121649 46 335.8 237.8 345.4 1.5 9034 65707 72.9 15.3 0.6 936.6 <0.4 2.4 0.5 <0.0 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP150 77.7 4.4 119.2 138441 133080 138 529.4 302.0 270.8 2.1 9166 67455 73.2 16.8 <0.4 1031.1 1.1 4.0 1.4 <0.1 <0.1 2.2 <0.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 <0.0 0.1
583
NP13AP150 64.0 3.2 76.9 145042 120507 78 274.7 284.6 287.3 1.8 9335 66932 72.7 15.6 0.5 1004.9 0.6 2.7 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 1.3 <0.0 <0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP150 57.3 3.7 81.8 142312 131508 71 403.2 250.5 348.9 <1.3 8919 66801 77.3 19.6 0.4 1057.5 0.9 3.6 0.8 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 <0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP150 53.6 3.2 75.5 144280 120364 46 409.4 254.7 308.3 1.4 9102 65526 73.2 14.7 0.4 959.9 0.5 2.6 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 <0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP150 53.8 2.5 39.6 141342 119584 25 306.6 317.4 345.1 <1.1 9878 67213 74.4 15.1 0.4 1154.1 0.5 1.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP150 47.7 3.6 60.3 141372 131171 31 263.0 346.6 348.1 <1.9 8577 65888 76.9 17.7 <0.4 1008.4 <0.6 1.6 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 <0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP150 73.0 2.9 76.9 138582 119088 42 311.9 334.9 277.5 1.2 9741 66955 70.0 14.8 0.3 1023.4 0.5 2.3 0.5 0.1 <0.1 2.0 <0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP150 71.5 4.3 94.5 131742 125659 44 406.3 286.9 262.4 <1.9 9382 66541 71.9 15.3 0.5 1145.8 <0.5 2.2 0.5 <0.1 <0.1 2.5 0.1 <0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP150 62.7 3.6 64.9 145895 128983 91 200.4 269.1 341.4 <1.2 9540 68289 77.9 16.2 0.5 1079.0 0.5 1.6 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 <0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP150 63.9 3.8 92.2 144140 120226 165 498.0 316.8 307.6 1.7 8871 65634 71.8 17.1 0.4 974.3 0.4 2.9 0.6 0.1 <0.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP150 70.5 3.6 97.0 144894 120207 149 378.1 258.1 284.9 1.6 8747 63622 69.0 15.8 0.4 930.2 0.8 3.1 0.7 0.1 <0.0 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP150 44.6 2.2 30.5 147687 118679 29 151.9 285.1 390.7 1.8 9688 69224 75.8 14.8 0.6 993.5 <0.4 1.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP150 64.3 3.4 87.7 137185 119263 205 502.6 316.7 407.5 1.5 8512 65336 70.0 15.5 0.4 872.6 0.4 3.4 0.6 0.1 <0.0 1.4 <0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP150 60.5 2.5 72.1 143237 120717 160 276.6 256.3 434.5 2.3 8852 64780 72.4 15.9 0.5 977.6 <0.3 2.8 0.4 0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP150 53.4 2.7 65.8 142436 125408 94 192.4 227.4 353.6 1.4 8675 65920 75.6 18.8 0.4 950.4 0.4 1.7 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 1.5 <0.0 <0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP150 54.3 2.7 66.2 144312 118452 89 325.4 201.1 329.1 1.1 8641 65180 73.5 16.8 0.5 922.8 <0.3 1.7 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.0 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP150 59.9 2.6 58.5 139844 116226 163 195.6 245.0 379.6 2.2 8464 66452 70.1 16.2 0.5 882.3 0.4 2.0 0.4 0.1 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP170 74.7 5.9 212.9 129056 131929 2314 459.6 264.1 207.0 3.1 6154 38366 115.5 39.0 0.3 481.4 0.5 6.6 0.2 0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 4.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 71.2 5.8 141.4 129816 137202 4441 606.9 266.5 255.6 10.0 6045 39096 117.4 39.9 <0.3 489.2 <0.4 8.7 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 10.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 76.3 6.6 181.4 133954 133351 1105 448.6 304.3 186.2 7.3 6625 40544 122.0 45.0 0.5 496.6 0.5 6.9 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 2.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 71.2 5.9 171.7 131191 136086 1177 480.7 275.1 187.5 6.1 6527 39868 122.3 46.7 0.5 493.0 0.5 6.2 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 2.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 75.5 6.1 185.8 131106 136504 1072 409.1 286.6 183.2 4.4 6677 40405 123.0 47.4 0.4 493.3 0.6 6.6 0.1 0.3 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 2.5 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 74.9 6.1 186.0 132580 136096 1132 511.0 289.6 184.4 3.4 6479 40610 122.6 47.0 0.3 497.9 0.6 6.5 0.2 0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 2.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 70.6 5.8 187.8 125902 130649 2414 495.0 244.4 206.4 4.0 6115 38004 113.4 38.5 0.4 482.2 <0.5 6.3 0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.0 0.1 5.5 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 73.3 6.2 216.7 128398 140205 4199 553.9 255.7 222.7 2.2 6156 38846 116.5 38.8 0.5 499.7 0.4 6.0 0.1 0.4 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 10.5 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 78.9 5.7 208.7 130939 132523 2945 504.7 264.4 213.7 1.7 6210 38764 112.3 37.6 0.4 527.1 0.4 7.0 0.2 0.3 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 6.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 73.2 5.7 131.7 131107 134048 3746 626.8 257.3 254.7 8.0 5842 38606 114.6 39.9 0.6 458.9 0.5 9.3 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 8.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 71.7 5.9 139.4 127468 132521 3115 685.7 252.7 243.7 7.0 5742 37709 112.6 39.1 0.6 474.0 0.5 11.5 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 7.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 76.3 6.0 149.6 136155 142740 3142 580.7 264.5 253.5 7.1 5978 39849 120.5 42.5 0.7 504.9 0.6 9.3 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 5.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 0.1

( C)
NP13AP170 28.02 0.00 19.18 22.27 0.88 16.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.31 294 JA05B17 MA RAV 3 89 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until small bump in Sr, Ce, Ca, La and Y; however elevated K throughout
NP13AP170 28.28 0.00 19.31 22.40 0.77 16.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.36 294 JA05B18 MA RAV 3 76 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until large spike in Sr, Ce, Ca, La and Y; however elevated K throughout
NP13AP178 28.45 0.00 19.31 20.84 0.80 19.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.97 280 JA14E01 MA R 4 106 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP178 29.26 0.00 18.65 19.99 0.84 20.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.98 280 JA14E02 MA R 4 90 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Sr and REE's in last few slices
NP13AP178 28.79 0.00 18.38 19.66 0.72 20.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.57 280 JA14E04 MA R 4 87 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Ti and REE's in last few slices
NP13AP178 29.11 0.00 18.84 19.89 0.72 20.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.78 280 JA14E05 MA R 4 43 Perfect first half of signal integrated until bump in Sr, Ca, Na and REE's
NP13AP178 29.24 0.00 18.50 19.61 0.77 20.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.35 280 JA14E06 MA R 3 32 Good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr and REE's
NP13AP178 28.79 0.00 18.38 19.66 0.72 20.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.57 280 JA14E07 MA R 2 25 Good last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated REE's
NP13AP178 28.88 0.00 18.40 19.72 0.87 20.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.97 280 JA14E08 MA R 1 10 Good first few slices integrated until large step increase in Sr, Ca, K and REE's
NP13AP178 29.35 0.00 18.35 19.55 0.66 20.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.24 280 JA14E11 MA R 4 108 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP178 28.94 0.00 18.33 18.91 0.87 20.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.48 280 JA14E14 MA R 2 28 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Na and Sr
NP13AP178 29.24 0.00 18.31 19.67 0.81 20.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.30 280 JA14E15 MA R 1 15 Reasonable last quarter of signal integrated after initial spikes in Ce, Sr and Na
NP13AP178 29.05 0.00 18.27 19.37 0.71 20.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.82 280 JA14E16 MA R 4 61 Perfect last half of signal integrated after initial spikes in Zr and U
NP13AP178 28.75 0.00 18.91 20.30 0.87 19.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.53 280 JA14E17 MA R 4 45 Perfect first half of signal integrated until spike in Zr and U
NP13AP178 26.40 0.00 16.63 17.37 0.81 17.51 6.18 0.00 0.46 85.36 280 JA14E18 MA R 2 25 Perfect middle section of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr and U until step increase in Sr and Na
NP13AP178 28.96 0.00 18.63 19.31 0.80 19.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.67 280 JA14E19 MA R 2 24 Reasonable middle section of signal integrated in-between more spiky signal for Sr and Ca
NP13AP178 29.20 0.00 18.18 19.76 0.75 20.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.35 280 JA14E21 MA R 4 107 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP179 27.49 0.00 19.48 20.20 2.49 18.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.03 288 DE13A07 MA R 4 79 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until sharp step increase in Na and Sr
NP13AP179 28.17 0.00 19.27 19.67 2.60 18.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.75 288 DE13A08 MA R 4 57 Perfect first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP179 28.02 0.00 18.84 19.98 2.45 18.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.57 288 DE13A09 MA R 3 31 Excellent last quarter of signal integrated after initial spiky K and Ba and large spike in Zr
584
NP13AP179 28.39 0.00 19.08 19.93 2.22 18.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.89 288 DE13A10 MA R 2 22 Excellent middle of signal integrated following initial elevated K until grains is ablated through
NP13AP179 28.75 0.00 18.80 18.59 2.25 19.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.64 288 DE13A11 CP R 4 96 Perfect signal integrated after initial slightly elevated Na
NP13AP179 28.64 0.00 18.82 18.83 2.26 18.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.33 288 DE13A12 CP R 4 75 Perfect signal integrated until grain is clearly ablated through
NP13AP179 27.83 0.00 18.93 20.73 1.90 18.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.91 288 DE13A13 MA R 4 104 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP179 27.98 0.00 18.50 20.56 2.09 18.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.78 288 DE13A14 MA R 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP179 28.41 0.00 18.65 19.81 2.20 18.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.79 288 DE13A17 MA R 3 30 Excellent last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Pb and K
NP13AP179 28.28 0.00 18.90 19.36 2.47 18.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.28 288 DE13A19 MA R 4 98 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until sharp step increase in Na and Sr
NP13AP179 28.28 0.00 18.90 19.36 2.47 18.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.28 288 DE13A20 MA R 4 52 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large increase in Na and Sr
NP13AP179 28.49 0.00 18.80 19.35 2.34 19.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.20 288 DE13A21 MA R 4 86 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial elevated Na
NP13AP179 28.71 0.00 18.35 19.01 2.35 18.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.09 288 DE13A22 MA R 4 104 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP179 28.37 0.00 18.42 18.95 2.26 19.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.15 288 DE13A23 MA R 4 99 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until sharp step increase in Zr and U in last few slices
NP13AP179 28.49 0.00 18.54 20.30 2.00 18.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.61 288 DE13A24 MA R 2 22 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K, Li and Ba become slightly irregular
NP13AP180 29.37 0.00 18.95 18.00 0.92 20.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.93 272 JA08A07 MA R 3 104 Excellent signal integrated throughout; although with elevated K throughout
NP13AP180 29.20 0.00 19.08 18.85 0.81 19.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.45 272 JA08A09 MA R 3 50 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial irregular K and Zr
NP13AP180 29.11 0.00 18.35 18.26 0.84 19.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.40 272 JA08A16 MA R 4 100 Perfect signal integrated throughout, only very minor K

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP170 78.1 6.2 146.8 134379 140903 3112 613.9 245.4 245.0 10.7 5997 39863 118.3 42.4 0.4 514.2 0.5 8.6 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 6.5 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 82.4 7.0 228.8 133310 136217 1237 510.1 151.7 206.3 12.7 6278 38892 117.7 43.3 0.3 505.1 <0.4 6.7 0.1 0.4 <0.1 1.1 0.1 3.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP170 80.8 6.9 221.0 129089 133671 1765 587.1 158.0 211.4 5.5 6483 39489 113.7 40.9 0.3 495.0 0.5 6.7 0.1 0.3 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 5.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP178 33.4 3.1 95.9 156271 133253 60 220.5 33.3 238.7 <1.0 6290 70359 175.1 18.2 0.4 1100.7 0.5 8.1 0.2 0.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 34.2 3.0 114.5 157769 141550 74 317.7 39.2 249.4 <1.1 5928 67562 165.8 18.7 0.7 879.8 <0.5 9.9 0.3 0.4 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 32.4 3.5 112.7 161239 135217 66 302.1 37.3 248.2 <1.2 5947 69038 175.3 18.9 0.3 943.6 <0.4 9.4 0.3 0.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 32.2 3.0 113.5 161148 133338 74 290.5 35.5 253.0 <0.9 6061 68755 174.7 20.0 0.5 949.7 <0.4 10.6 0.2 0.2 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 33.5 2.6 111.1 162497 133014 68 299.8 45.4 251.6 0.9 6093 69996 175.1 19.3 <0.2 972.9 <0.4 9.4 0.3 0.3 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 31.8 3.5 111.0 153562 128602 75 699.0 38.5 241.0 <2.1 5731 67854 177.1 20.8 0.5 1050.8 <0.6 12.3 0.6 0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 31.2 2.8 98.6 150018 130965 57 336.2 32.0 220.2 <2.1 5884 68979 183.1 17.6 0.6 1157.0 <0.7 9.6 0.2 0.2 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 32.5 2.7 75.5 157618 120494 42 166.2 32.6 269.0 1.7 6007 69677 155.5 21.8 0.7 967.2 <0.5 8.7 0.2 0.3 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 28.4 2.9 109.4 158758 128051 53 302.4 33.1 239.6 <1.3 6282 67506 162.5 19.8 0.5 916.3 0.5 8.2 0.2 0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.7 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 28.9 3.3 103.6 160668 128271 51 333.3 35.6 242.9 <1.7 6272 68470 159.4 20.6 0.3 923.0 <0.4 9.0 0.3 0.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 28.9 3.2 108.7 157653 126081 52 311.0 33.3 245.5 <1.5 6221 68276 158.0 20.3 0.4 904.9 <0.4 8.7 0.2 0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 29.5 2.6 104.6 158890 128021 54 304.2 36.0 247.9 <1.3 6261 68563 160.2 21.3 0.3 939.5 <0.5 8.7 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 37.4 3.1 132.2 159925 136368 100 291.1 43.6 313.5 <1.8 6518 71558 147.5 17.1 0.6 879.2 <0.5 9.7 0.3 0.2 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 39.4 4.3 171.6 159244 130339 127 <301.1 59.5 329.3 <3.3 6162 71485 149.0 20.0 <0.7 937.7 <1.1 15.9 0.4 0.6 <0.1 0.8 <0.2 2.3 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP178 38.4 4.1 155.3 155027 125531 89 306.1 51.4 305.0 <1.9 5921 68863 142.5 16.3 0.6 879.7 0.6 9.5 0.3 0.4 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 36.1 2.3 110.3 156588 128243 57 242.5 32.3 248.6 <1.9 6255 72587 162.5 25.1 0.5 1006.2 <0.5 9.4 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 29.6 4.0 89.8 148023 112746 45 225.0 28.8 235.0 <1.7 5538 65360 153.3 23.4 <0.4 894.9 <0.6 7.2 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 31.4 4.3 82.3 162446 137886 60 660.7 28.1 216.2 <1.7 6401 69186 171.7 23.3 <0.4 939.1 <0.5 12.8 0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 29.9 2.8 116.6 160917 130389 58 274.4 32.8 247.8 <1.7 6404 70362 163.7 20.7 0.6 936.0 <0.4 8.7 0.2 0.1 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 30.4 2.9 104.9 159938 128414 53 224.7 40.9 260.1 <1.5 6152 70044 158.1 20.3 0.4 925.0 <0.4 8.1 0.3 0.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP179 42.7 3.8 97.7 146645 135203 96 297.2 100.3 319.5 1.2 19375 77606 107.1 12.8 3.1 1956.4 0.5 9.9 0.2 1.6 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP179 43.2 4.4 120.6 146580 132690 102 385.8 99.5 322.1 <1.0 19058 78919 105.5 12.0 3.5 1941.5 <0.3 10.7 0.3 1.5 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP179 39.6 4.0 108.5 137049 134192 134 368.9 110.7 296.7 <1.6 18761 73958 109.2 13.6 3.0 2180.3 <0.6 11.3 0.4 1.9 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 1.9 <0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0
585
NP13AP179 40.6 4.3 72.0 142500 133062 62 198.7 97.3 332.7 1.7 17884 76612 104.2 12.6 2.9 1986.1 <0.4 7.1 0.2 1.3 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP179 41.2 3.8 150.9 154930 137719 196 450.8 69.9 242.2 <1.0 16471 72479 113.6 21.0 2.3 1826.2 <0.3 11.0 0.2 1.3 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP179 42.1 4.0 152.9 147155 132724 186 518.0 89.8 290.1 <1.0 17951 75128 106.5 20.9 2.5 1917.6 0.6 11.1 0.2 1.3 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP179 36.9 2.8 91.3 143508 134459 59 302.2 122.6 412.0 <1.0 15608 79095 112.3 17.1 3.8 1952.8 0.7 8.0 0.1 1.2 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP179 37.9 3.5 87.3 139676 129331 62 290.9 117.3 395.2 <1.3 15318 76702 109.2 16.7 3.8 1914.0 0.4 7.5 0.1 1.5 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP179 39.2 4.4 104.6 144233 132920 67 304.9 115.4 398.4 <1.0 16078 77840 111.0 16.7 2.6 1977.8 0.4 8.3 0.2 1.0 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP179 48.9 4.3 244.6 149331 133677 162 546.0 70.7 233.0 <1.3 17207 71011 108.0 16.8 2.4 1955.6 0.5 17.0 0.3 1.8 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP179 39.7 5.2 164.0 140280 138168 106 518.4 101.9 366.9 <1.7 16726 75677 113.3 20.5 3.8 2114.9 0.6 13.8 0.2 1.8 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.1 1.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP179 38.2 3.4 60.8 141981 130006 76 259.3 112.4 332.0 <1.1 17619 73829 104.4 18.4 3.8 1832.7 <0.3 8.4 0.2 1.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP179 37.5 2.9 62.3 143804 128973 70 304.5 127.3 384.6 <0.9 16342 76876 107.5 17.5 4.0 1821.1 0.4 8.4 0.2 0.8 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 <0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP179 48.4 4.0 164.5 148003 137901 199 494.8 80.7 265.3 <1.2 17915 73027 106.9 16.7 3.3 2064.8 0.4 17.4 0.2 1.7 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP179 48.7 3.5 159.8 147470 132532 171 523.7 68.8 231.5 <1.2 16913 69935 103.6 15.5 3.0 2013.0 0.4 17.2 0.3 1.7 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP179 50.0 3.4 162.0 151161 135486 156 511.5 59.7 226.0 <1.0 16825 71044 106.8 16.2 3.0 1990.7 0.4 18.2 0.3 1.7 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP179 42.5 3.6 91.7 140346 121034 80 348.5 107.8 393.8 <1.3 15186 75760 99.7 17.0 2.1 1890.9 <0.4 7.3 0.2 1.0 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 32.1 7.3 71.8 156559 135374 450 316.1 53.2 155.7 <1.1 6298 55568 167.0 51.9 0.4 1263.0 1.0 23.0 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.9 0.1 63.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 34.4 7.3 102.2 147645 134994 422 328.5 53.1 126.2 <1.1 6222 57713 156.6 46.2 0.3 1403.0 0.9 24.4 0.1 1.2 <0.0 0.9 0.0 51.7 0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 34.2 7.5 87.0 146988 138659 372 544.0 51.7 117.9 <1.4 5890 56797 159.3 50.4 0.4 1419.9 0.7 33.6 0.1 1.6 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 115.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 32.8 7.6 100.3 142307 129305 396 355.0 48.5 124.5 <0.9 6153 55701 151.3 44.6 0.4 1364.9 0.7 20.1 0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 39.1 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 33.7 7.8 102.8 147489 131870 423 380.2 50.4 123.6 <1.0 6048 56856 153.7 46.8 0.3 1390.6 0.7 23.1 0.1 0.8 <0.0 1.0 0.1 46.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 33.9 7.7 97.8 145461 131602 367 362.8 48.7 121.0 <0.9 6021 56262 152.7 47.1 0.7 1392.1 0.9 26.3 0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.8 0.1 65.8 <0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 34.5 8.0 91.5 146214 132197 462 397.7 49.1 119.4 1.6 5932 56086 153.5 47.9 0.2 1363.8 0.8 27.9 0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.9 0.1 82.6 <0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 33.9 5.8 84.8 148361 131020 298 315.0 31.0 113.7 <1.3 5905 54180 161.5 51.8 0.3 1301.3 0.6 21.2 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.9 0.0 52.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 30.4 5.9 68.3 155045 136371 270 294.6 41.0 128.8 <1.2 6297 53607 163.6 49.5 0.4 1289.6 0.6 18.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 51.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 32.9 6.4 83.1 148756 131065 255 297.6 35.8 109.4 1.2 5904 53399 160.9 53.1 0.5 1335.2 <0.4 20.2 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 49.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 33.2 6.7 91.1 151845 134666 329 307.7 42.1 108.5 <0.9 5867 55018 164.0 56.3 0.4 1402.0 0.7 22.7 0.1 0.3 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 56.7 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 32.8 6.6 87.6 150568 132739 341 305.3 42.6 109.8 <1.2 5878 54979 162.2 55.6 0.4 1375.5 0.8 26.2 0.1 0.4 <0.0 1.0 0.1 81.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 34.0 6.9 67.9 156565 136797 348 319.6 41.6 168.4 <1.1 6191 54339 163.4 47.0 0.3 1220.9 1.0 21.2 0.1 0.8 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 72.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 29.0 7.4 56.0 161667 136141 237 254.1 56.9 186.9 <1.0 6637 53966 164.1 47.2 0.3 1183.4 0.5 16.8 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.9 0.1 53.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0

( C)
NP13AP180 29.21 0.00 18.87 18.84 0.79 19.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.15 272 JA08A24 MA R 2 28 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated in-between variability in Ba and K
NP13AP180 29.21 0.00 18.87 18.84 0.79 19.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.15 272 JA08A25 MA R 3 86 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in K in last quarter; however K elevated throughout
NP13AP180 28.84 0.00 18.82 17.96 0.88 20.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.72 272 JA08A26 MA R 3 69 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in K in last quarter; however K elevated throughout
NP13AP182 29.69 0.00 18.10 16.57 1.16 21.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.92 261 DE13B01 MA RAV 4 50 Perfect first half of signal integrated until small spike in Zr and U
NP13AP182 29.44 0.00 18.20 16.97 1.14 21.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.34 261 DE13B02 MA RAV 4 81 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until large step in Na and Sr
NP13AP182 30.23 0.00 17.82 16.90 0.99 21.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.55 261 DE13B03 MA RAV 4 89 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until large step in Na and Sr
NP13AP182 29.56 0.00 17.70 17.03 0.90 21.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.99 261 DE13B04 MA RAV 4 98 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated after initial spikes in Na
NP13AP182 30.29 0.00 17.91 16.44 0.98 22.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.39 261 DE13B07 MA RAV 2 23 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Li until increase in Na and Sr
NP13AP182 29.76 0.00 17.55 16.92 1.06 22.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.42 261 DE13B09 MA RAV 4 40 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until small spike in Pb followed by bump in Na and Sr
NP13AP182 28.99 0.00 17.70 17.96 0.81 21.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.89 261 DE13B10 MA RAV 2 25 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in REE's, Ti, Sr and Na
NP13AP182 30.55 0.00 17.84 16.83 0.96 22.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.54 261 DE13B11 MA RAV 4 88 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in V and Ti
NP13AP182 29.97 0.00 17.38 16.83 1.05 22.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.70 261 DE13B12 MA RAV 4 31 Excellent middle of signal integrated after initial bump in K until grain is ablated through
NP13AP182 30.31 0.00 17.38 16.60 1.06 22.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.60 261 DE13B14 MA RAV 3 65 Good first half of signal integrated until large step increase in K, Na, Sr and Ba; however some minor spikes in Ti throughout
NP13AP182 29.88 0.00 17.74 16.56 0.88 22.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.28 261 DE13B15 MA RAV 4 42 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti, V and REE's
NP13AP182 29.73 0.00 18.29 17.05 1.07 22.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.35 261 DE13B17 MA RAV 1 15 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti, Ca and Zr, La and U
NP13AP182 30.65 0.00 17.57 16.33 1.02 22.37 0.25 0.00 0.00 88.19 261 DE13B18 MA RAV 4 43 Very good middle of signal integrated after initial elevated Na and Ca until step increase in Ca
NP13AP184 28.11 0.00 18.76 20.58 0.84 18.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.47 280 DE13D01 MA R 3 33 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Sr, Ce and La
NP13AP184 28.49 0.00 18.27 20.71 0.70 18.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.61 280 DE13D03 MA R 2 23 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Sr, Ce, K, Ca and La
NP13AP184 28.52 0.00 17.52 19.98 0.63 18.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.31 280 DE13D04 MA R 1 18 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP184 27.66 0.00 18.88 21.51 0.71 17.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.00 280 DE13D05 MA R 1 17 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Na
586
NP13AP184 28.67 0.00 18.08 20.79 0.79 18.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.90 280 DE13D11 MA R 4 81 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Ca in last few slices
NP13AP184 28.67 0.00 18.08 20.79 0.79 18.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.90 280 DE13D15 MA R 3 39 Excellent middle of signal integrated after initial elevated Ca until small spike in Ce
NP13AP184 28.62 0.00 18.10 20.31 0.85 19.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.94 280 DE13D17 MA R 2 29 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K and Sr
NP13AP184 28.49 0.00 18.04 20.92 0.76 18.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.66 280 DE13D18 MA R 4 60 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, K, Ca, Ce and La
NP13AP184 28.09 0.00 18.20 21.05 0.76 18.26 0.24 0.00 0.00 86.59 280 DE13D19 MA R 4 93 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated after initial elevated K and Ca
NP13AP187 26.91 0.00 20.33 25.54 0.88 14.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.46 258 DE13C01 MA R 4 75 Perfect first half of signal integrated until spike in Zr and U
NP13AP187 26.59 0.00 20.24 25.46 0.87 14.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.09 258 DE13C02 MA R 4 65 Perfect first half of signal integrated until Cu begins to increase
NP13AP187 27.15 0.00 19.58 24.55 0.76 15.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.45 258 DE13C03 MA R 4 40 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Zr, Y and U
NP13AP187 29.07 0.00 18.16 20.91 0.57 18.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.78 258 DE13C04 MA R 4 87 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr and Na
NP13AP187 27.81 0.00 19.05 22.32 0.71 17.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.45 258 DE13C05 CP R 4 64 Excellent first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ti and Ca; elevated Na throughout
NP13AP187 27.81 0.00 19.08 22.39 0.79 17.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.81 258 DE13C06 MA R 3 36 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until Na begins to increase
NP13AP187 28.45 0.00 18.65 21.92 0.81 18.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.84 258 DE13C07 MA R 2 25 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP187 27.08 0.00 19.71 24.10 0.79 15.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.31 258 DE13C08 MA R 3 38 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated V, Na, Sr and Ti until large step increase in Ti, Na, La, Sr, Ca, K and U
NP13AP187 26.08 0.00 20.61 25.63 0.79 14.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.47 258 DE13C09 MA R 2 27 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti, Na, Sr and V until Ti begins to increase slightly
NP13AP187 27.79 0.00 18.25 21.65 0.76 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.36 258 DE13C10 MA R 3 49 Reasonable middle section of signal integrated in-between elevated Na, V and Sr, some minor variation in these throughout
NP13AP187 28.15 0.00 18.33 22.69 0.62 17.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.35 258 DE13C11 MA R 4 41 Good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Na and V
NP13AP187 26.89 0.00 20.05 25.18 0.84 15.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.01 258 DE13C16 MA R 3 31 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increasing in Sr, Ce, Ca, Y and La
NP13AP187 26.89 0.00 20.05 25.18 0.84 15.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.01 258 DE13C17 MA R 3 40 Reasonable first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce, La, U and Ca, Pb and Sb
NP13AP189 27.25 0.00 19.59 21.68 1.29 17.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.39 305 JA15A07 MA RAV 4 43 Excellent first half of signal integrated until step increase in Sr, K, Ca and REE's
NP13AP189 26.85 0.00 19.25 21.77 1.92 16.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.01 305 JA15A08 MA RAV 1 10 Good first few slices integrated after initial bump in Sr until grain is ablated through
NP13AP189 26.98 0.00 19.37 21.57 1.63 16.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.52 305 JA15A09 MA RAV 3 40 Reasonable middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated Pb until increase in Zr, REEs, Sr and K; however Sr slightly spiky throughout
NP13AP189 27.66 0.00 18.69 21.55 1.25 17.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.69 305 JA15A10 MA RAV 3 34 Good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated K, Sr, and REE's
NP13AP189 26.89 0.00 18.14 21.61 0.99 16.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.48 305 JA15A13 MA RAV 1 16 Reasonable middle section of signal in-between elevated Zr and REE's integrated; K slightly elevated
NP13AP189 27.32 0.00 19.24 21.47 1.74 16.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.61 305 JA15A14 MA RAV 3 35 Excellent first half of signal integrated until K is detected

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP180 34.0 7.1 77.6 153340 135740 296 350.1 46.6 134.7 <1.1 6246 55823 162.5 51.2 0.4 1344.9 1.0 22.7 0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 68.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 33.5 6.6 104.6 145369 133705 375 274.1 52.4 120.7 <1.4 6070 56171 155.4 48.5 0.3 1414.8 0.9 21.2 0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.2 0.1 38.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 34.8 6.9 106.9 143620 130001 585 412.0 52.8 125.9 <0.9 6058 55464 148.7 44.2 0.4 1352.2 1.1 30.3 0.1 1.0 <0.0 1.0 0.1 106.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP180 25.6 5.9 43.9 157030 131018 224 262.3 73.0 193.4 <1.0 6700 52818 158.0 42.4 0.4 1067.8 0.7 16.4 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 63.7 0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP182 28.6 3.7 114.5 170198 135460 72 529.8 32.3 145.2 <1.0 8139 69984 147.6 22.0 0.9 925.4 <0.4 12.0 0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP182 28.0 4.4 114.4 175440 139504 86 597.5 32.5 143.7 <1.1 8383 71458 150.5 24.1 0.6 982.2 <0.4 13.7 0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP182 28.1 3.6 126.2 171104 138160 91 542.1 31.9 145.1 <1.2 8189 72152 148.3 23.3 1.3 952.4 0.5 13.6 0.1 1.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1
NP13AP182 28.8 2.9 113.1 165032 137907 63 514.8 32.0 145.2 <11.3 7886 72733 147.6 23.5 1.7 943.6 0.5 11.2 0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP182 31.4 4.1 146.2 174206 141927 119 734.8 34.4 143.6 <1.2 8445 74772 143.2 26.6 0.3 1014.4 <0.4 16.4 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP182 30.5 4.2 141.0 173825 143204 91 706.8 33.2 143.0 <1.3 8586 77358 148.6 24.5 0.3 1025.2 <0.3 16.1 0.1 0.4 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP182 42.4 4.1 172.7 177211 140174 193 567.8 31.2 148.2 <1.4 8026 76015 136.9 31.6 <0.4 926.6 <0.4 14.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP182 44.8 5.0 189.2 172555 138836 179 570.3 29.5 150.8 <0.9 7749 76480 135.6 33.0 0.5 963.5 <0.2 14.9 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 1.5 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP182 28.1 3.7 149.0 180799 139671 137 624.0 46.2 135.3 <1.0 8916 81072 144.0 21.1 0.6 1013.0 0.6 15.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP182 35.3 3.5 64.8 162637 128861 95 221.5 21.9 158.1 <1.2 6822 86041 141.9 18.0 0.5 767.3 0.3 6.8 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP182 31.4 4.7 152.2 173496 140025 88 625.7 38.4 146.8 <1.0 8235 82324 145.4 17.9 0.5 963.7 0.5 14.7 0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.1 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP182 30.5 3.3 124.8 171790 136696 117 514.7 39.9 126.6 <0.9 8114 81706 140.3 18.0 0.5 957.1 <0.5 12.1 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP182 32.7 3.7 153.2 178990 143075 130 635.9 63.7 110.5 <1.0 8127 85983 148.6 14.6 0.4 964.7 <0.3 12.7 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP182 33.6 3.2 91.6 175330 134589 91 542.1 26.1 139.1 <0.9 6850 83796 131.3 16.9 3.4 890.7 0.4 10.3 0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP182 29.0 2.8 84.9 183372 140493 136 518.9 38.3 138.8 <1.3 8384 93129 151.4 28.0 2.0 896.7 0.4 11.1 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP182 53.3 4.2 209.6 177937 144874 169 568.0 28.7 134.5 <1.3 7555 87302 139.2 36.0 0.6 974.7 <0.3 14.6 0.2 0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP184 80.1 2.9 173.7 146504 140812 82 531.6 76.5 222.8 <2.0 6261 78383 115.3 28.1 1.7 868.6 <0.6 12.4 0.4 1.0 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP184 85.1 3.4 149.8 143211 130407 61 541.0 75.8 194.4 <1.4 5743 73194 114.1 25.7 0.6 844.2 <0.4 12.4 0.4 0.9 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP184 82.1 4.5 141.6 138634 127095 73 531.1 80.0 217.0 <2.1 5968 74629 114.7 26.7 <0.6 904.4 <0.9 13.3 0.5 1.6 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP184 83.2 1.9 140.2 143461 125589 54 745.7 70.2 199.3 <1.2 5613 72490 108.1 23.7 0.7 741.9 0.4 15.4 0.4 1.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP184 85.5 3.0 111.3 137685 126118 108 641.7 90.8 243.5 <1.9 6025 77920 109.6 24.3 0.5 801.3 <0.6 13.5 0.5 1.8 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.2 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP184 90.6 1.7 148.4 145756 130964 94 455.5 68.4 203.2 <1.0 5549 70675 111.8 24.1 3.2 804.8 0.7 10.5 0.3 0.8 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 <0.0 0.1
587
NP13AP184 92.7 2.8 173.7 147395 131892 97 532.8 72.6 205.3 <1.4 5648 73077 109.7 24.8 2.6 793.4 <0.3 12.0 0.4 1.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP184 89.3 2.5 131.8 147129 133138 87 626.3 72.8 212.6 <1.1 5712 72078 114.2 24.1 2.6 835.9 <0.3 11.2 0.3 0.7 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP184 90.2 2.7 140.1 148498 133524 95 559.0 71.2 212.6 <1.4 5719 73628 112.6 25.5 4.6 824.1 0.5 13.1 0.4 1.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP184 88.6 2.7 165.5 143757 135023 107 835.5 78.3 216.0 <1.3 5627 74850 112.2 25.6 3.3 784.6 0.4 12.2 0.3 1.0 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP184 89.8 2.7 165.7 143818 127744 56 623.3 77.3 203.1 <1.4 5672 72885 114.1 28.9 0.8 790.3 0.4 13.7 0.4 1.0 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP184 90.4 1.9 144.9 150706 130796 66 601.4 75.4 212.4 <1.3 5841 72436 113.8 28.6 1.0 782.5 <0.3 11.9 0.3 1.0 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP184 88.4 3.1 165.2 138272 128012 61 703.7 79.7 212.1 <1.1 5626 72394 111.0 27.7 1.2 760.0 0.3 15.1 0.5 1.6 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP184 87.7 2.4 150.6 148497 132245 92 789.6 78.7 206.2 <1.3 5754 71421 118.1 29.6 0.7 821.4 <0.4 12.8 0.2 0.8 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 44.4 1.8 108.2 118458 125957 34 249.4 95.9 326.8 2.0 6514 131705 93.3 13.3 15.9 678.2 0.4 1.2 0.3 0.2 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 <0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 44.5 2.2 110.0 119612 125231 34 241.6 91.8 335.0 2.3 6489 129175 92.0 13.1 20.9 677.5 <0.3 1.3 0.2 0.3 <0.1 1.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 41.3 2.2 139.2 124059 132406 49 218.1 114.9 365.1 2.8 6128 121040 96.1 13.4 23.1 738.9 <0.5 1.4 0.4 0.8 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 <0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP187 46.5 2.0 367.6 130668 127798 77 331.9 79.4 317.2 <1.2 5269 102450 90.5 28.4 8.7 672.1 <0.4 3.5 0.4 0.6 <0.1 1.4 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 54.8 2.3 350.5 147925 133793 74 398.1 56.6 248.0 <1.1 5348 106289 97.9 27.3 13.2 772.9 0.4 3.9 0.4 0.6 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 48.1 2.4 295.7 143784 125606 68 446.9 79.1 328.9 <1.2 5705 105227 93.2 27.1 8.0 719.8 0.5 2.9 0.3 0.5 <0.0 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 52.3 2.6 421.9 145108 127031 77 437.6 77.4 308.2 4.7 5229 100821 91.4 25.9 17.6 739.6 0.4 4.5 0.5 0.7 <0.1 1.1 0.1 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 50.5 2.5 187.6 129198 130710 71 211.6 70.8 298.6 <1.5 6195 110865 90.2 12.8 1.9 740.5 <0.4 1.6 0.2 0.4 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 43.3 1.7 131.3 112103 128694 17 233.4 74.3 263.3 <2.1 6519 117557 82.3 10.3 0.6 696.1 <0.4 1.3 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 <0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP187 40.3 2.5 316.5 128755 126702 49 238.9 140.1 362.0 <1.4 5467 94598 90.0 8.9 1.1 650.7 <0.3 1.9 0.2 0.4 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 39.5 2.4 256.7 121053 128099 40 169.8 127.8 340.6 <2.1 5642 95287 87.7 8.7 0.6 695.8 <0.4 1.7 0.2 0.3 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 45.5 2.1 123.0 120751 124244 50 216.9 84.0 315.8 <1.1 5859 96282 84.6 12.0 5.7 673.9 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.2 <0.0 1.2 0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 44.5 2.2 167.0 135127 127799 60 321.1 142.4 386.3 <1.2 6360 101148 100.9 14.5 25.3 754.9 <0.3 2.0 0.4 0.8 <0.1 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP187 45.4 2.8 173.8 130695 126868 73 497.2 118.0 372.7 <1.0 6204 97165 98.6 14.8 29.2 722.4 <0.3 4.5 0.4 0.7 <0.0 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP189 51.6 4.7 87.7 137623 125249 152 306.2 137.3 181.4 <1.2 9905 65641 7.1 18.0 0.4 612.5 1.1 9.2 0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP189 50.6 4.3 52.3 130315 120209 73 594.6 160.9 228.5 <1.8 12421 68432 5.1 16.8 <0.3 554.5 0.8 8.7 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP189 51.6 4.2 74.5 130935 127124 97 575.7 153.0 218.7 1.5 11765 68149 5.5 16.3 <0.2 552.3 0.9 12.1 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP189 45.3 5.7 95.5 127816 123085 296 <189.2 128.2 189.8 <2.0 8047 65034 12.7 17.0 <0.3 630.4 1.0 7.9 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 0.1 1.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP189 50.0 4.8 147.1 128405 123381 308 291.6 127.9 174.7 1.8 7437 63949 13.4 15.3 0.4 603.9 1.3 11.6 0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.6 0.2 1.7 0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP189 51.4 4.8 78.4 132520 121904 102 364.2 113.7 196.5 <1.4 12444 67393 10.1 15.2 0.3 739.5 <0.5 7.3 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0

( C)
NP13AP189 27.45 0.00 18.91 21.33 1.37 16.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.79 305 JA15A16 MA RAV 2 20 Excellent middle section of signal integrated in-between regions of elevated K
NP13AP189 27.19 0.00 19.10 21.05 1.54 16.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.42 305 JA15A17 MA RAV 1 16 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP189 27.38 0.00 19.31 22.32 1.20 17.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.66 305 JA15A21 MA RAV 2 21 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until K begins to increase slightly
NP13AP189 26.87 0.00 18.90 21.09 1.76 16.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.32 305 JA15A23 MA RAV 0 6 Poor, but reasonable few slices in first quarter integrated after initial bump in K and Sr until large step increase in Sr and Na
NP13AP189 26.85 0.00 18.65 21.00 1.48 16.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.49 305 JA15A24 MA RAV 1 13 Good first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP190+191 29.59 0.00 18.06 18.86 0.57 19.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.81 279 JA08C01 MA R 3 33 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Na, Ti and Ca
NP13AP190+191 28.77 0.00 17.69 18.96 0.53 20.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.05 279 JA08C02 MA R 1 12 Good slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr until large increase in Sr and Na
NP13AP190+191 29.07 0.00 18.59 19.71 0.83 18.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.87 279 JA08C03 MA R 1 17 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated K and Ba
NP13AP190+191 29.16 0.00 18.57 19.73 0.70 19.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.68 279 JA08C04 MA R 1 14 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K and Ba until increase in Na, Sr, Ba and K
NP13AP190+191 29.44 0.00 18.18 19.23 0.66 20.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.65 279 JA08C05 MA R 2 20 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated and spiky Ba, K and Na until increase in K, Na, Ba and Zr
NP13AP190+191 28.67 0.00 19.07 20.57 0.87 18.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.66 279 JA08C07 MA R 3 34 Good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated and variable K and Ba
NP13AP190+191 28.32 0.00 19.25 20.62 0.65 18.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.57 279 JA08C08 MA R 2 24 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Sr and Na; however K slightly variable throughout
NP13AP190+191 28.30 0.00 18.61 19.77 0.83 18.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.18 279 JA08C10 MA R 0 6 Good first few slices of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C11 MA R 2 20 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr until grain begins to be ablated through
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C12 MA R 1 12 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial sight hump in signal until Si and Sr begin to increase
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C13 MA R 1 11 Reasonable first few slices integrated until increase in Sr and Si as other major elements decrease
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C14 MA R 4 107 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C15 MA R 1 18 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti until grain is abruptly ablated through
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C18 MA R 2 25 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Sr, Ti, Ca and REE's
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C19 MA R 3 34 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Cr, Sr and Ti until slight increase in Sr and Ti
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C20 MA R 2 24 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated Cr until large step increase in Sr, Ti, Ca and REE's
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C21 MA R 1 16 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial signal irregularity until grain is ablated through
NP13AP190+191 28.90 0.00 18.06 18.96 0.66 20.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.12 279 JA08C22 MA R 2 29 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr and Ca until increase in Sr
NP13AP196 28.02 0.00 19.16 19.55 1.64 18.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.92 301 DE11B01 CP Clot 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP196 28.22 0.00 18.97 19.59 1.81 19.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.64 301 DE11B02 CP Clot 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large spike in Zr, U and Y
NP13AP196 27.87 0.00 18.93 19.66 1.82 18.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.91 301 DE11B03 CP Clot 1 20 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti; Sr spiky throughout
588
NP13AP196 28.11 0.00 19.24 19.77 1.99 18.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.61 301 DE11B04 CP Clot 3 30 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Na and Ba
NP13AP196 28.00 0.00 19.88 20.01 1.98 18.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.25 301 DE11B05 MA Clot 1 18 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr, K and Ba
NP13AP196 27.79 0.00 19.27 19.75 1.79 18.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 301 DE11B06 MA Clot 3 64 Reasonable last half of signal integrated after initial spikes in Zr and U, however K slightly elevated and spiky throughout
NP13AP196 27.79 0.00 19.27 19.75 1.79 18.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 301 DE11B07 MA Clot 0 7 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until large increase in Sr, K and REE's
NP13AP196 27.79 0.00 19.27 19.75 1.79 18.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 301 DE11B08 MA Clot 2 25 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K, Sr and REE's until increase in Ti, U and Y
NP13AP196 28.17 0.00 19.27 20.29 2.29 18.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.16 301 DE11B09 MA Clot 4 97 Very good signal integrated throughout after initial elevated Sr, K and REE's
NP13AP196 27.68 0.00 19.01 20.37 2.20 18.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.66 301 DE11B10 MA Clot 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Na and REE's
NP13AP196 27.19 0.00 18.57 20.16 2.39 17.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.09 301 DE11B11 MA Clot 3 35 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti
NP13AP196 27.87 0.00 19.35 19.72 1.89 18.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.38 301 DE11B12 MA Clot 2 25 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until detection of K and increase in Li
NP13AP196 27.87 0.00 19.35 19.72 1.89 18.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.38 301 DE11B13 MA Clot 4 70 Excellent middle of signal integrated after initial spike in Ti and Zr until slight increase in Mn
NP13AP196 27.10 0.00 19.46 19.55 1.74 18.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.14 301 DE11B14 MA Clot 2 27 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Ba
NP13AP196 27.92 0.00 18.57 19.40 1.51 18.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.96 301 DE11B15 MA Clot 1 18 Good first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP196 28.41 0.00 18.76 19.68 1.73 18.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.54 301 DE11B16 MA Clot 1 19 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Na and K
NP13AP209 27.83 0.00 19.50 19.48 2.14 18.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.86 306 DE09D01 MA R 3 30 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until large spike in Zr, U and Y
NP13AP209 26.53 0.00 19.14 18.45 2.32 18.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.93 306 DE09D03 MA R 4 60 Perfect last half of signal integrated after small blip in Ca
NP13AP209 28.17 0.00 19.78 18.77 2.25 19.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.59 306 DE09D04 MA R 4 87 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated after initial large spike in Zr, U and Y
NP13AP209 28.17 0.00 19.78 18.77 2.25 19.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.59 306 DE09D05 MA R 4 83 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until small bump in K
NP13AP209 27.90 0.00 19.44 18.46 2.27 19.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.31 306 DE09D06 MA R 4 60 Excellent first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP209 27.57 0.00 19.93 19.10 2.50 18.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.92 306 DE09D07 MA R 4 49 Good first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ti
NP13AP209 27.77 0.00 18.78 19.08 2.25 18.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.83 306 DE09D08 MA R 4 98 Excellent signal integrated throughout after initial small spike in Ca and Ti
NP13AP209 28.39 0.00 19.63 18.78 2.08 19.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.33 306 DE09D09 MA R 4 109 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP209 27.62 0.00 19.42 18.87 2.17 18.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.90 306 DE09D10 MA R 4 47 Excellent first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP209 27.06 0.00 19.33 18.83 2.36 18.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.52 306 DE09D11 MA R 3 75 Good last three quarters of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr and Pb; Sr spiky throughout
NP13AP209 27.98 0.00 19.97 18.90 2.16 19.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.08 306 DE09D12 MA R 2 21 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until large spike in K, Zr, U and Y
NP13AP209 27.98 0.00 18.86 19.23 2.34 19.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.74 306 DE09D13 MA R 4 43 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Sr
NP13AP209 27.98 0.00 18.86 19.23 2.34 19.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.74 306 DE09D14 MA R 2 24 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ca, Zr and REE's
NP13AP209 27.75 0.00 19.07 18.65 2.21 18.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.61 306 DE09D15 MA R 2 22 Good first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Zr, U and Y
NP13AP209 27.81 0.00 19.27 19.14 2.31 18.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.14 306 DE09D16 MA R 4 41 Good middle of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr until La begins to increase

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP189 52.0 4.8 90.7 125247 124853 147 260.9 202.6 181.1 <1.6 12379 67853 10.4 17.1 0.5 702.0 <0.6 6.8 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.7 0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP189 51.8 4.5 98.9 127677 119187 157 176.3 187.2 180.8 <1.3 11802 68510 10.7 14.5 0.7 658.6 0.8 6.2 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.8 0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP189 52.2 3.6 163.6 134212 122769 141 259.9 138.1 208.5 <1.2 8492 74810 10.7 13.0 0.5 513.6 0.6 5.9 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.7 0.1 1.0 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP189 51.5 <1.7 96.5 128063 116035 153 180.4 136.3 188.1 <1.9 11729 70305 10.3 14.2 0.7 698.8 <0.7 5.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.3 0.1 <0.4 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP189 50.4 3.7 87.9 129762 115937 116 267.4 129.0 183.9 2.5 9662 72689 9.8 13.4 0.6 490.6 0.8 4.7 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.7 0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP190+191 32.7 4.9 330.2 160257 130458 69 303.3 103.3 437.4 4.5 4687 59196 76.3 21.7 2.1 471.7 0.5 5.0 0.6 2.7 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP190+191 32.6 3.0 413.2 151895 121222 56 383.7 204.7 429.9 3.1 4704 58560 75.7 20.5 0.6 457.0 0.8 6.3 0.8 4.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP190+191 40.7 6.1 447.8 139854 128764 116 305.4 145.0 288.4 11.3 5904 63819 98.2 38.2 3.1 902.9 0.8 7.7 1.1 1.0 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP190+191 43.7 5.3 420.6 159299 136956 209 170.0 124.4 216.5 5.8 5697 62628 109.1 40.2 1.5 975.5 <0.5 7.7 0.5 0.4 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP190+191 43.4 5.1 489.3 156425 133849 238 363.0 119.8 212.2 3.8 5570 60731 107.4 41.6 2.3 957.1 <0.4 8.4 0.6 0.6 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 5.7 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP190+191 40.7 4.7 449.0 137492 128096 174 316.4 165.3 275.2 9.0 5847 63867 107.0 40.4 2.3 988.4 <0.7 5.8 0.9 0.8 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.9 0.1 0.1 2.7 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP190+191 41.2 4.4 397.9 148693 128732 214 330.1 205.9 285.3 7.6 6315 66159 108.6 39.3 1.5 942.6 <0.4 5.5 0.7 0.6 <0.0 0.9 0.1 2.8 0.0 0.1 1.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP190+191 42.2 4.7 355.7 148447 123921 143 341.8 96.1 203.2 5.0 5447 61560 107.6 38.6 1.7 947.3 <0.5 6.6 0.5 0.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 4.5 <0.0 0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP190+191 31.5 5.1 220.1 157086 130697 69 287.8 127.5 427.0 10.2 5092 59677 82.4 26.0 0.4 473.4 <0.5 4.1 0.2 1.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP190+191 32.8 3.7 226.5 149660 122906 55 300.0 64.5 478.8 8.8 5036 59982 74.2 20.1 0.8 449.8 <0.4 3.9 0.3 2.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP190+191 31.7 4.5 192.6 159271 126046 60 280.8 110.0 440.0 11.9 5252 60141 81.5 27.6 0.8 456.6 <0.5 3.8 0.3 1.9 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP190+191 33.9 5.0 233.8 155007 135030 65 313.6 92.9 461.0 13.2 4880 59413 79.2 24.3 5.6 473.6 0.6 4.1 0.3 2.6 <0.0 1.1 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP190+191 34.4 4.3 273.3 156212 133321 49 337.6 93.9 465.1 12.3 4938 58891 76.6 22.4 1.2 469.1 <0.4 4.2 0.4 1.8 <0.0 0.9 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP190+191 34.4 4.6 249.8 156428 127629 58 407.1 92.4 444.8 10.5 4941 58983 80.9 25.9 4.1 476.1 <0.4 5.3 0.4 1.9 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP190+191 33.3 5.5 267.7 171804 136174 81 336.0 212.9 363.2 37.4 4536 57818 85.0 27.3 3.2 473.5 0.4 6.5 0.4 1.9 <0.0 1.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP190+191 34.0 5.4 242.5 161528 132582 62 467.2 114.6 433.2 29.6 4689 58218 77.2 24.2 10.8 464.0 0.6 4.7 0.4 2.6 <0.1 1.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP190+191 30.7 4.7 245.6 159943 137574 62 227.4 86.3 395.8 12.0 4805 57765 79.9 25.7 0.7 451.0 <0.4 3.8 0.3 1.8 <0.1 1.1 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP190+191 33.2 4.2 243.9 148315 129941 50 238.8 66.3 469.4 20.1 4993 59223 74.2 24.5 0.8 422.0 0.6 4.1 0.3 2.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 27.8 3.7 44.0 148590 129483 92 389.0 124.7 207.4 80.0 13687 62706 101.8 24.3 0.5 1450.5 0.4 4.4 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 23.6 2.9 33.0 146215 120340 66 350.4 137.3 239.9 152.8 13682 61959 94.5 20.9 0.8 1391.2 <0.3 3.4 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 25.9 3.0 38.4 149590 120372 96 477.5 195.8 212.3 131.0 13205 61300 95.0 23.0 0.9 1353.0 0.4 4.8 0.2 5.6 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.2
589
NP13AP196 24.4 2.2 66.2 148577 122688 77 317.6 129.5 231.4 61.8 14182 63831 97.8 21.7 2.2 1386.0 0.4 4.2 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 24.8 2.0 40.5 150939 121942 91 285.3 133.7 235.2 87.5 14333 63400 96.7 21.6 1.1 1328.8 <0.4 3.5 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP196 27.8 3.1 63.6 143723 129324 256 365.3 142.4 201.3 90.7 13990 60736 96.4 22.7 0.5 1502.2 <0.3 4.9 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 35.3 2.8 64.4 149850 118307 227 537.0 116.3 182.7 87.4 12493 63238 92.9 26.6 3.5 1428.8 <0.4 6.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP196 29.1 3.5 47.0 146493 130766 157 581.3 148.9 193.8 81.4 14556 62865 98.4 25.0 0.5 1423.8 <0.4 9.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP196 37.2 3.4 63.7 143297 134013 154 498.3 231.5 212.8 93.4 15077 65079 97.8 24.9 1.4 1418.2 <0.3 7.3 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 29.6 2.2 43.0 138986 121501 106 393.3 228.2 228.6 102.1 17767 63264 94.7 18.1 1.2 1536.0 0.3 4.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 28.5 2.2 56.0 141095 119494 94 409.7 157.5 221.5 85.9 14706 61291 93.5 20.4 0.8 1378.0 <0.2 4.6 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 23.1 2.5 23.6 145800 116584 73 241.2 131.7 240.0 86.9 13936 61986 95.9 16.6 0.8 1373.1 <0.3 2.5 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 33.2 3.7 61.1 145835 129932 122 461.4 263.5 218.7 131.7 16364 66838 100.6 23.3 1.1 1429.5 0.3 4.8 0.1 0.4 <0.0 1.1 <0.0 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP196 22.6 3.0 34.7 151174 126562 65 227.4 118.2 246.5 106.7 14090 64594 96.8 19.8 2.2 1350.1 <0.3 3.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 38.3 2.5 79.2 150753 114779 164 378.5 110.4 179.6 103.3 12448 60212 91.4 23.5 1.4 1319.4 0.3 5.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP196 42.8 3.2 114.5 153282 123168 232 443.2 104.7 174.7 128.8 11429 61926 87.5 28.2 1.1 1301.7 <0.4 6.7 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP209 30.2 1.3 45.1 144044 114523 34 306.6 114.2 238.5 3.1 16526 63373 108.3 27.2 0.7 934.5 <0.3 3.3 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 0.5 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP209 28.4 2.8 45.6 143249 115606 41 363.7 93.4 219.1 4.4 15709 61892 113.0 30.3 0.5 978.5 0.7 2.6 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP209 30.3 1.7 32.6 148066 115546 31 344.5 106.1 248.2 4.9 16645 65372 114.5 28.2 1.1 974.6 <0.3 3.1 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP209 28.8 1.8 37.2 148687 119077 31 261.2 112.1 248.1 4.8 17176 66220 115.0 30.1 1.2 959.0 0.4 2.9 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP209 32.2 1.6 45.7 147471 115237 38 306.3 114.5 223.3 5.5 16430 63749 110.4 30.4 0.5 961.0 0.4 2.7 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP209 26.7 1.9 22.2 150649 118088 29 638.1 118.5 253.2 5.8 17248 65433 109.2 25.9 0.6 912.0 0.6 2.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.3 0.2 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP209 28.0 1.9 30.3 144300 115014 25 231.9 84.0 249.6 3.3 16213 63826 112.7 25.7 0.8 963.2 <0.3 2.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP209 25.8 1.7 19.9 145826 116927 23 174.1 119.8 261.0 4.7 17529 65656 112.7 27.5 0.8 945.6 <0.3 1.3 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 <0.2 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP209 25.2 1.5 17.3 149342 116827 27 244.2 134.3 255.1 3.8 17644 64835 109.5 27.5 0.7 939.7 <0.3 1.3 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP209 25.7 <1.2 20.9 142822 115580 25 350.2 121.0 252.4 4.8 17256 65213 112.2 28.8 0.9 963.7 <0.4 4.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP209 26.6 1.4 24.2 154816 122421 33 289.6 113.0 255.1 5.9 17817 69154 114.7 30.1 1.1 960.3 <0.3 1.7 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP209 30.1 1.6 35.0 149429 133194 36 313.1 77.1 245.0 3.5 16158 64433 113.5 26.1 0.5 941.1 <0.3 2.6 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP209 28.8 1.1 39.1 147462 114301 34 401.3 92.5 248.3 2.6 15917 63252 110.6 26.5 0.8 916.8 0.4 3.3 0.3 0.4 <0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP209 26.6 <1.2 30.7 150250 119345 32 489.1 89.7 246.9 2.3 16711 64802 110.8 24.5 0.8 913.3 0.4 2.5 0.3 0.6 <0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP209 29.5 2.7 30.3 140860 112091 24 297.6 101.2 233.1 <1.7 16119 64595 113.0 30.2 0.6 946.8 <0.4 2.5 0.2 0.5 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 <0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.0

( C)
NP13AP209 28.26 0.00 19.44 18.89 2.22 19.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.93 306 DE09D17 MA R 4 62 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large spike in Zr and U
NP13AP231 27.70 0.00 19.63 19.01 2.21 18.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.15 293 JA15B01 MA R 1 12 Good few slices integrated in third quarter of signal after large bump in Ti, Ca and REE's until small spike in Sr
NP13AP231 27.98 0.00 19.20 18.55 2.12 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.15 293 JA15B02 MA R 3 31 Very good first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP231 28.54 0.00 19.61 18.85 1.89 19.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.50 293 JA15B03 MA R 2 22 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti, Ca and REE's
NP13AP231 28.54 0.00 19.61 18.85 1.89 19.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.50 293 JA15B04 MA R 4 43 Excellent first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ti, Ca and REE's
NP13AP231 28.47 0.00 19.42 19.22 1.83 18.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.77 293 JA15B05 MA R 0 5 Poor, but first few slices reasonable and integrated utile grain is ablated through
NP13AP231 28.24 0.00 19.42 18.98 2.00 19.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.19 293 JA15B08 MA R 0 7 Poor, but some reasonable first few slices integrated until large step increase in Ti, Na, Sr, REE's and Zr
NP13AP231 28.26 0.00 18.91 19.18 1.87 18.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.13 293 JA15B09 MA R 0 7 Poor, but some slices integrated in third quarter of signal in-between elevated Na and Sr
NP13AP231 29.39 0.00 19.18 18.46 1.87 17.58 0.00 0.00 0.66 87.14 293 JA15B10 MA R 1 18 Good first quarter of signal integrated until sharp increase in Zr, REE's and K, Na and Sr
NP13AP231 28.26 0.00 19.63 18.99 1.87 18.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.69 293 JA15B11 MA R 0 7 Reasonable first few slices integrated until large sudden increase in Na
NP13AP231 28.69 0.00 20.09 19.82 2.03 19.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.76 293 JA15B12 MA R 1 14 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti and Ca until large spike in Zr and REE's
NP13AP231 28.02 0.00 19.75 18.87 2.05 18.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.60 293 JA15B13 MA R 2 23 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr until large step increase in Na, K, Ba and Sr
NP13AP231 28.69 0.00 20.09 19.82 2.03 19.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.76 293 JA15B14 MA R 1 18 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated after initial spiky Na until grain is ablated through
NP13AP231 27.57 0.00 19.25 19.10 1.87 18.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.61 293 JA15B15 MA R 0 7 Poor, but first few slices reasonable and integrated until step increase in Na and Sr
NP13AP231 27.81 0.00 19.65 19.17 2.05 18.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.65 293 JA15B16 MA R 1 17 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial bumps in Ca, Sr and REE's until grain is ablated through
NP13AP231 28.52 0.00 19.73 19.03 2.13 18.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.22 293 JA15B17 MA R 1 13 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti, Na and REE's until step increase in Na
NP13AP231 27.13 0.00 19.27 18.87 2.05 18.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.96 293 JA15B18 MA R 0 9 Reasonable slices in first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP252 26.85 0.00 17.52 23.49 0.80 15.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.37 293 NO02A07 MA R 4 106 Excellent signal integrated throughout; minor but smooth and perfect K
NP13AP252 27.85 0.00 18.91 23.57 0.76 16.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.66 293 NO02A08 MA R 3 37 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti
NP13AP252 27.23 0.00 18.01 23.99 0.85 16.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.25 293 NO02A10 MA R 4 78 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti
NP13AP252 27.83 0.00 18.33 23.86 0.79 16.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.06 293 NO02A11 MA R 4 54 Excellent first half of signal integrated until gradual increase in K and Ba
NP13AP252 27.98 0.00 18.76 24.16 0.87 16.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.40 293 NO02A12 MA R 4 102 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP252 27.27 0.00 18.57 24.06 0.83 16.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.02 293 NO02A14 MA R 2 21 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti and Ca
NP13AP252 27.53 0.00 18.57 24.11 0.89 16.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.44 293 NO02A15 MA R 3 38 Good third quarter of signal integrated between large spikes in Ti
NP13AP252 28.02 0.00 18.04 23.14 0.98 16.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.48 293 NO02A16 MA R 1 19 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in K, Ti, Ba, Na and Sr
NP13AP252 27.94 0.00 17.76 23.07 0.77 17.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.69 293 NO02A18 MA R 4 55 Good first half of signal integrated until small step increase in Zr then Ti
590
NP13AP252 28.67 0.00 18.40 22.87 0.85 17.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.47 293 NO02A20 MA R 3 57 Good last half of signal integrated, but LA signal may be unreliable and is very spiky
NP13AP252 27.36 0.00 18.52 24.07 0.79 15.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.65 293 NO02A22 MA R 4 55 Very good last half of signal integrated after initially elevated Ba and Sr
NP13AP255 26.35 0.00 16.53 27.54 1.29 12.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.94 282 NO02B01 MA R 4 77 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until minor increase in Y and Ba in last few slices
NP13AP255 28.02 0.00 17.67 28.86 1.52 12.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.92 282 NO02B02 MA R 4 84 Very good first three quarters of signal integrated
NP13AP255 28.56 0.00 17.91 27.94 1.38 13.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.48 282 NO02B03 MA R 4 94 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP255 27.27 0.00 17.89 28.37 1.41 12.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.21 282 NO02B08 MA R 3 95 Reasonable signal integrated throughout, but counts may be too low
NP13AP255 27.15 0.00 17.01 27.47 1.33 12.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.42 282 NO02B15 MA R 4 45 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Zr
NP13AP255 27.25 0.00 17.35 27.62 1.25 12.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.32 282 NO02B17 MA R 3 30 Good second quarter of signal integrated until small decrease in most elements
NP13AP255 26.59 0.00 16.84 28.05 1.32 11.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.61 282 NO02B18 MA R 4 99 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP255 27.23 0.00 17.97 28.21 1.23 12.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.71 282 NO02B19 MA R 4 101 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP255 29.01 0.00 17.78 27.87 1.34 13.48 0.25 0.00 0.00 89.73 282 NO02B20 MA R 3 97 Reasonable signal integrated throughout, some minor variation but shown in all elements consistently
NP13AP255 27.42 0.00 17.44 28.29 1.24 12.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.23 282 NO02B21 MA R 2 24 Good first quarter integrated until large step increase in Ce, La, Y, Sr and Ti
NP13AP256 28.00 0.00 17.01 21.24 1.01 17.25 0.31 0.00 0.00 84.81 245 DE05B01 MA R 4 58 Good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Ca
NP13AP256 28.45 0.00 16.95 21.92 0.85 17.33 0.32 0.00 0.00 85.82 245 DE05B02 MA R 4 102 Excellent signal integrated throughout, although Pb does increase slightly through signal
NP13AP256 28.99 0.00 17.18 21.88 0.80 17.23 0.36 0.00 0.00 86.44 245 DE05B03 MA R 3 38 Good first half of signal integrated until increase in Zr and Ca
NP13AP256 29.11 0.00 17.59 21.55 1.01 17.51 0.36 0.00 0.00 87.14 245 DE05B04 MA R 4 102 Perfect signal integrated throughout after initial elevated Zr in first few slices
NP13AP256 28.86 0.00 17.33 21.45 1.05 17.36 0.31 0.00 0.00 86.35 245 DE05B05 MA R 4 109 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP256 29.01 0.00 16.89 20.56 0.93 18.39 0.31 0.00 0.00 86.08 245 DE05B06 MA R 4 107 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP256 29.31 0.00 17.25 21.73 0.83 17.89 0.28 0.00 0.00 87.29 245 DE05B07 MA R 4 59 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Pb, Y and Ca
NP13AP256 29.33 0.00 17.25 20.82 0.90 18.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.64 245 DE05B08 MA R 2 26 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Zr
NP13AP256 28.73 0.00 17.04 20.78 0.89 17.73 0.29 0.00 0.00 85.46 245 DE05B10 MA R 3 35 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Cu until gradual increase in Pb begins
NP13AP256 29.56 0.00 17.14 21.00 0.84 18.37 0.27 0.00 0.00 87.18 245 DE05B11 MA R 3 38 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large spike in Zr, U, La and Sr
NP13AP256 29.09 0.00 16.51 20.30 0.79 18.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.42 245 DE05B13 MA R 4 40 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until Pb begins to increase
NP13AP256 29.76 0.00 16.95 19.99 0.87 19.09 0.38 0.00 0.00 87.03 245 DE05B14 MA R 4 54 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large spike in Zr and U

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP209 28.8 2.3 36.7 152557 116175 38 264.9 95.1 239.1 3.7 16511 65270 115.3 29.4 0.8 968.6 0.4 2.6 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.6 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP231 48.0 5.0 150.2 137434 112658 65 <443.1 178.8 165.9 <4.7 15522 71215 86.3 6.2 1.7 1580.8 <1.2 3.6 <0.1 <0.2 <0.2 1.3 <0.2 <0.7 <0.1 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP231 46.5 2.1 79.7 146562 118411 37 479.0 149.3 163.3 <2.0 14998 70646 87.3 4.5 0.5 1497.5 <0.7 6.7 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP231 49.7 3.0 78.8 152420 121284 46 555.7 158.4 184.0 <2.9 15797 71458 88.7 3.3 0.5 1502.6 <0.8 6.2 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP231 45.4 4.9 93.4 145199 113758 44 540.3 155.3 153.2 <2.2 14507 70723 85.2 3.9 <0.5 1455.0 <0.8 7.9 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP231 46.8 <3.9 97.7 154093 110878 52 583.4 149.1 163.6 <4.2 14753 71820 84.1 2.5 <0.9 1410.1 <1.2 5.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.2 0.8 <0.2 <0.8 <0.1 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP231 46.3 <2.9 146.8 149375 118261 89 601.0 136.8 159.6 <3.1 14785 71940 86.8 3.3 <0.7 1479.5 <0.9 10.1 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.2 1.7 0.1 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP231 43.2 <5.6 371.2 141734 159987 82 <474.2 134.2 165.5 <6.3 14169 70008 81.5 4.3 <1.2 1492.5 <2.1 4.9 <0.1 <0.4 <0.2 1.0 <0.3 <1.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP231 42.7 3.3 83.0 145445 108780 75 345.2 157.2 151.7 <2.4 13820 72105 83.8 4.1 0.9 1414.3 2.1 6.0 0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP231 45.6 <2.4 179.8 148944 120780 90 601.7 179.4 164.1 <3.0 15067 71805 82.2 4.3 1.1 1422.1 1.2 12.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.2 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP231 47.6 <2.7 222.7 151778 125171 68 473.0 145.6 167.7 <3.6 15239 74579 89.0 3.1 <0.5 1535.5 <0.9 4.9 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.9 <0.2 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP231 46.9 4.9 190.8 146805 120052 76 698.9 137.3 164.8 <2.5 14826 74078 88.5 3.3 0.4 1498.2 <0.8 7.9 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP231 45.7 6.1 178.4 146613 123438 137 390.1 144.4 168.2 4.2 14975 74694 95.9 4.6 <0.8 1736.1 <1.4 6.1 <0.1 0.5 <0.2 0.8 <0.2 <0.7 <0.1 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP231 51.8 <2.9 166.7 153629 128369 70 607.6 155.3 160.7 <3.6 15014 71408 85.9 4.2 <0.7 1421.6 <1.1 5.5 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.7 <0.2 <0.6 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP231 47.8 4.1 181.5 144515 120781 83 534.1 141.3 163.0 <3.9 14827 73006 91.5 4.6 <0.6 1674.1 4.3 7.2 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.2 <0.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP231 54.0 3.9 56.5 156273 127917 61 508.4 124.9 198.4 <2.5 16441 74267 90.6 5.4 <0.4 1680.2 <0.7 5.9 0.0 0.2 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP231 45.4 5.7 100.1 147821 118800 85 <252.4 158.1 166.4 <2.5 14848 72022 85.2 5.2 2.4 1466.2 2.8 2.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP252 66.8 <4.9 23.6 112730 117007 365 478.5 54.5 339.6 11.5 5868 63321 110.2 39.7 591.9 819.9 <0.3 3.9 0.0 8.4 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 16.5 0.5 0.4 1.3 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP252 70.6 4.5 36.4 125537 127111 308 575.9 67.0 371.7 11.8 6426 69678 117.7 42.5 559.1 945.8 0.4 4.3 0.1 8.7 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 20.4 1.4 1.5 3.8 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP252 66.7 <4.3 28.7 112075 114356 258 473.0 59.7 325.4 9.4 5852 66972 105.4 39.6 384.1 824.5 <0.3 2.9 0.0 3.2 <0.0 0.4 <0.1 21.7 0.3 0.2 0.9 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP252 66.2 <5.1 <18.4 116049 119146 236 377.5 41.4 354.7 10.8 6014 71297 107.4 38.7 403.0 824.4 <0.3 3.0 0.0 4.4 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 17.1 0.4 0.3 1.5 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP252 68.6 <6.7 <20.7 115143 124438 353 611.1 53.0 367.4 8.5 6194 81428 114.6 41.7 650.8 862.9 <0.4 4.3 0.1 9.7 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 24.5 0.6 0.6 2.0 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP252 69.7 <3.8 35.9 120298 118693 283 439.5 47.2 367.2 11.2 6427 76405 110.9 37.2 511.2 916.9 <0.3 3.5 0.0 7.8 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 17.0 0.4 0.3 0.9 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP252 70.5 8.4 <23.9 115827 123266 339 493.0 49.0 356.4 7.4 6095 76041 112.3 41.1 581.3 812.1 <0.5 3.9 0.0 6.7 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 18.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP252 63.5 3.9 30.8 115122 110828 325 595.4 64.0 343.5 11.0 6014 77522 107.5 39.4 490.9 833.3 <0.3 3.8 0.0 5.4 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 17.4 0.4 0.4 2.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP252 59.4 <6.0 24.8 122634 123389 349 606.9 47.2 313.1 15.7 6073 81787 110.2 43.1 837.5 810.6 <0.4 3.7 0.0 6.3 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 17.1 0.3 0.4 5.0 <0.1 0.1
591
NP13AP252 33.3 <59.4 <197.7 110898 103083 <105.9 <1886.2 70.8 317.3 <23.4 5157 93021 94.4 35.0 720.7 676.4 <3.1 3.3 0.2 8.5 <0.4 <3.7 <0.7 14.4 0.4 0.5 4.0 <0.6 <0.1
NP13AP252 67.6 7.9 <22.1 107125 119845 279 <241.7 79.8 350.1 6.4 6016 87400 109.6 39.9 595.0 786.2 0.8 4.0 0.1 9.5 0.1 0.8 <0.1 20.5 1.6 1.9 5.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP255 124.3 <5.7 30.7 85258 114243 397 1006.9 39.7 116.2 <3.3 9170 111394 67.2 3.4 402.5 728.6 0.7 13.8 1.4 1.7 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 24.2 0.5 0.2 1.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP255 131.0 <7.6 46.7 88935 120486 493 988.8 36.2 140.8 <3.1 9866 121255 70.5 4.3 319.8 756.5 0.6 13.0 1.6 2.6 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 35.2 1.3 0.2 1.0 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP255 136.5 <8.0 39.5 96497 122901 665 1017.5 48.0 127.4 <2.6 9583 127804 72.8 4.6 391.8 758.3 0.8 17.4 1.3 2.0 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 28.2 1.2 0.3 1.8 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP255 118.5 <9.1 <33.5 84159 111510 337 771.4 33.5 125.7 <3.9 9537 120347 63.0 3.9 313.5 725.7 <0.5 10.3 1.4 1.4 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 19.8 0.5 0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP255 140.3 <6.7 57.6 94782 124387 649 1104.3 45.3 129.3 <2.7 9782 128065 71.2 5.0 382.0 756.7 0.6 17.0 1.4 2.6 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 29.6 1.2 0.3 2.0 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP255 106.3 <12.5 <50.0 82714 111518 636 681.9 41.1 169.1 <5.9 8916 138590 58.8 3.2 166.7 685.3 2.0 14.4 1.2 6.6 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 22.3 1.1 0.7 8.4 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP255 120.9 <6.4 39.7 87825 116945 477 1173.4 34.6 124.2 <2.3 9770 120186 65.4 4.3 92.0 742.8 0.4 13.3 2.4 3.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 17.4 0.7 0.6 3.5 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP255 120.3 6.4 31.1 87092 120780 612 998.2 37.3 153.4 <2.5 9852 123654 65.0 4.4 98.6 751.7 <0.3 14.1 2.8 4.3 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 34.1 0.8 0.7 3.4 0.1 0.0
NP13AP255 118.1 <6.0 26.2 82101 109616 443 987.3 36.8 132.9 <2.5 9480 113632 60.6 4.7 81.9 731.9 0.5 11.7 2.5 3.6 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 28.1 0.6 0.6 2.8 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP255 128.6 <7.7 30.6 94477 117742 437 1048.2 37.7 135.6 <2.5 9339 114029 69.8 3.8 158.7 745.0 <0.3 16.6 0.6 2.7 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 32.8 0.3 0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP255 107.0 <7.2 <31.8 79705 109920 680 990.2 40.9 145.0 <3.1 8819 124725 58.4 5.0 125.6 672.7 <0.5 13.8 4.1 4.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 32.6 1.7 0.8 5.6 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP255 110.0 9.7 37.1 82510 115410 629 857.6 45.0 151.8 <2.7 9412 133484 60.1 4.4 118.7 701.6 1.0 12.1 4.0 3.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 28.2 1.8 1.0 6.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP255 129.1 <9.0 41.1 94798 120118 541 973.6 51.5 125.2 <3.2 9463 137932 70.0 4.6 392.9 720.4 0.5 17.2 1.4 2.1 0.0 1.1 <0.1 31.1 0.9 0.2 1.9 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP255 120.5 <9.1 35.5 85269 113290 307 807.2 35.2 124.1 <3.4 9442 114128 62.9 3.7 314.5 748.7 0.8 9.9 1.3 1.8 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 16.5 0.6 0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP256 174.7 4.5 77.1 124978 127748 509 1709.6 13.9 235.8 <1.6 6233 64976 153.8 36.9 452.4 916.6 <0.4 19.2 0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 107.8 0.0 0.0 11.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP256 169.3 4.1 71.6 126663 122010 524 1669.1 15.1 249.0 <1.0 6357 64775 151.2 33.4 463.0 880.9 <0.2 18.3 0.2 0.7 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 111.2 0.1 0.0 16.5 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP256 161.6 3.4 73.3 127737 120610 498 1477.5 14.2 257.7 <1.1 6582 66801 154.0 35.6 461.1 900.8 <0.3 18.5 0.4 0.5 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 104.1 0.1 0.1 21.6 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP256 184.9 3.4 71.6 130777 128236 515 1843.2 19.4 259.7 <1.2 6600 68288 158.0 36.6 963.1 904.0 <0.3 17.8 1.4 0.7 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 76.0 0.2 0.1 7.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP256 178.2 3.5 66.3 128200 124503 498 1705.1 15.3 262.5 <1.4 6578 67304 155.1 35.8 854.2 899.4 <0.3 17.2 1.2 0.9 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 85.5 0.2 0.1 6.6 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP256 206.3 3.7 77.3 142743 130247 447 1380.6 14.4 192.8 <1.2 6332 63642 106.4 26.3 54.7 956.1 <0.3 14.7 0.9 0.4 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 78.2 0.3 0.0 1.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP256 208.2 3.9 80.4 144960 136523 483 1532.1 13.1 194.9 <1.6 6337 64132 108.7 28.1 56.9 1023.3 <0.4 15.2 0.8 0.7 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 83.3 0.3 0.0 0.7 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP256 192.2 3.9 78.5 140153 131362 480 2001.1 15.2 212.8 <1.2 6388 64770 108.2 24.9 45.5 923.2 <0.3 15.9 1.4 2.6 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 80.9 0.5 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP256 165.1 3.7 80.6 134012 122237 463 1622.7 13.2 218.3 <1.2 6462 65145 182.2 35.8 5.2 889.0 <0.3 13.5 0.2 0.5 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 75.5 0.1 0.2 3.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP256 171.0 2.8 72.8 135391 125845 424 1662.5 18.5 240.6 <1.1 6449 66799 220.1 42.6 324.4 914.7 0.4 13.7 0.5 1.8 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 71.3 0.3 0.1 43.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP256 207.9 3.3 66.3 141377 125381 317 1428.6 22.9 192.6 <1.0 6310 63137 177.4 30.3 80.3 886.1 <0.3 12.4 2.2 1.6 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 44.8 0.8 0.1 2.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP256 218.5 3.7 68.4 145008 127915 321 1489.4 20.9 195.7 <1.1 6335 63564 180.3 29.7 108.4 901.0 0.4 13.3 2.5 1.5 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 45.2 0.8 0.1 2.8 <0.0 0.0

( C)
NP13AP256 29.63 0.00 16.55 20.01 1.12 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.61 245 DE05B16 MA R 2 29 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K, Sr, and Zr until large spike in Zr and U
NP13AP256 29.33 0.00 16.95 20.04 0.83 18.74 0.31 0.00 0.00 86.19 245 DE05B17 MA R 2 30 Reasonable first half of signal integrated after initial slight elevated K and Ca until large step increase in Zr, Y and U
NP13AP257 27.68 0.00 18.46 21.59 0.76 16.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.01 283 DE05F01 MA R 4 110 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP257 27.38 0.00 18.72 21.11 0.89 16.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.99 283 DE05F02 MA R 4 74 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial elevated V
NP13AP257 27.15 0.00 18.25 21.09 0.89 16.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.97 283 DE05F03 MA R 3 36 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until bump in V
NP13AP257 27.23 0.00 17.70 21.24 0.83 16.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.24 283 DE05F04 MA R 2 27 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in K, Ba, Na and Sr
NP13AP257 27.68 0.00 18.08 21.39 0.94 16.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.96 283 DE05F07 MA R 4 74 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until K and V increase slightly
NP13AP257 27.75 0.00 18.18 21.42 0.94 16.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.12 283 DE05F08 MA R 4 61 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until K and V increase slightly
NP13AP257 27.81 0.00 18.29 21.16 0.84 16.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.65 283 DE05F09 MA R 4 61 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large step increase in K, Na, Sr and Ba
NP13AP257 26.74 0.00 17.95 21.21 1.05 16.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.15 283 DE05F10 MA R 4 54 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in K with spike in Zr
NP13AP257 27.40 0.00 17.78 21.30 0.75 16.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.47 283 DE05F13 MA R 4 53 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Sr, Y, Ce, Se, La, Pb, Ba, K and Ti
NP13AP257 28.00 0.00 18.29 21.20 0.62 16.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.56 283 DE05F15 MA R 2 22 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until Sr and K increase
NP13AP257 27.87 0.00 18.06 21.34 0.81 16.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.73 283 DE05F16 MA R 4 47 Perfect first half of signal integrated until slight increase in V
NP13AP257 27.36 0.00 17.63 21.28 0.80 16.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.80 283 DE05F17 MA R 4 13 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated after initial small bump in V
NP13AP257 27.15 0.00 17.65 21.47 0.72 16.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.01 283 DE05F18 MA R 4 49 Perfect first half of signal integrated until bump in Na and Ba
NP13AP257 28.13 0.00 18.55 21.59 0.84 16.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.73 283 DE05F19 MA R 4 54 Excellent first half of signal integrated until slight elevation in Pb and V
NP13AP258 27.98 0.00 16.31 27.81 0.59 13.17 0.27 0.00 0.00 86.13 313 DE05D03 MA R 2 20 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Ti; however Zr is slightly elevated
NP13AP258 28.07 0.00 18.18 28.21 0.61 13.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.44 313 DE05D09 MA R 4 47 Excellent first half of signal integrated until spike in Zr and Ti
NP13AP258 28.56 0.00 16.06 27.36 0.77 14.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.62 313 DE05D10 MA R 2 29 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ti and Zr
NP13AP258 28.22 0.00 18.31 27.80 0.62 14.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.42 313 DE05D11 MA R 2 26 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Y and Zr until increase in Ce and Cu
NP13AP258 29.20 0.00 15.49 28.37 0.62 14.06 0.55 0.00 0.00 88.29 313 DE05D13 MA R 3 34 Perfect first half of signal integrated until small step increase in Na and K followed by Ti rich inclusions
NP13AP258 30.23 0.00 14.96 28.01 0.57 14.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.59 313 DE05D14 MA R 3 31 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti, Zr, U and Pb
592
NP13AP258 26.01 0.00 16.10 27.89 0.65 12.30 0.27 0.00 0.00 83.22 313 DE05D15 MA R 1 18 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until a series of Ce, Y and U inclusions is encountered
NP13AP258 28.24 0.00 16.50 27.92 0.61 14.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.42 313 DE05D16 MA R 4 60 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large spike in Ti
NP13AP258 28.58 0.00 16.67 28.10 0.66 14.03 0.35 0.00 0.00 88.38 313 DE05D17 MA R 1 15 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K, Ce, Ca and La
NP13AP260+261 28.64 0.00 17.93 20.35 0.52 20.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.51 270 JA14C07 MA R 4 106 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP260+261 28.96 0.00 17.99 19.76 0.61 19.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.15 270 JA14C08 MA R 4 59 Perfect first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP260+261 29.22 0.00 17.72 19.77 0.61 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.32 270 JA14C12 MA R 2 25 Excellent first half of signal integrated until bump in Sr, Ca and REE's
NP13AP260+261 29.01 0.00 17.52 20.12 0.59 19.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.71 270 JA14C13 MA R 3 33 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Na and K
NP13AP260+261 28.96 0.00 18.21 20.64 0.65 19.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.04 270 JA14C14 MA R 1 10 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until occurrence of very spiky Sr, Ca and REE's
NP13AP260+261 28.11 0.00 17.72 20.53 0.68 19.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.47 270 JA14C15 MA R 4 60 Excellent first half of signal integrated until bump in Sr, Ca and REE's
NP13AP260+261 28.64 0.00 17.97 20.44 0.59 19.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.60 270 JA14C16 MA R 4 95 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until Sr begins to increase
NP13AP260+261 29.41 0.00 17.48 19.89 0.50 19.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.97 270 JA14C19 MA R 3 32 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP260+261 29.37 0.00 17.33 19.79 0.61 19.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.92 270 JA14C21 MA R 4 83 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until small increase in Ti
NP13AP260+261 29.35 0.00 17.36 20.02 0.53 19.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.96 270 JA14C22 MA R 4 75 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until small increase in Ti
NP13AP260+261 28.54 0.00 17.78 19.95 0.56 19.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.61 270 JA14C26 MA R 4 65 Perfect middle section of signal integrated in-between elevated bumps in Ti
NP13AP262 29.01 0.00 17.80 20.89 0.59 18.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.28 276 JA05C01 CP R 4 75 Perfect initial three quarters of signal integrated until step increase in Na and Sr
NP13AP262 28.84 0.00 18.37 20.57 0.59 18.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.32 276 JA05C02 CP R 4 42 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in K, Sr, Ce, Ca and La
NP13AP262 28.71 0.00 18.42 19.85 0.68 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.97 276 JA05C04 CP R 4 49 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce, Ca and Y
NP13AP262 28.86 0.00 17.78 19.64 0.50 20.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.82 276 JA05C05 CP R 4 94 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated after initial small spikes in K
NP13AP262 28.96 0.00 17.95 20.02 0.50 18.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.36 276 JA05C06 CP R 4 107 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP262 28.69 0.00 17.87 20.12 0.53 19.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.01 276 JA05C07 CP R 4 47 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Na and Sr
NP13AP262 29.14 0.00 18.52 19.03 0.77 19.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.05 276 JA05C08 CP R 4 95 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until small spike in Ti
NP13AP262 28.52 0.00 18.54 20.12 0.58 20.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.90 276 JA05C09 CP R 2 26 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until bump in Na
NP13AP262 28.62 0.00 18.23 19.36 0.68 20.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.95 276 JA05C10 CP R 4 59 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large increase in Ti, V, Zr, Y and U

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP256 224.6 4.2 72.1 143015 128575 337 1611.1 23.4 186.8 <1.5 6154 62474 178.3 28.6 64.9 913.6 <0.3 15.5 1.5 1.4 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 48.5 0.7 0.0 12.4 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP256 222.1 3.8 75.7 146035 130044 420 1653.0 21.2 192.8 <1.3 6515 64836 186.0 28.9 64.8 938.4 <0.3 16.4 1.3 1.7 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 48.1 0.7 0.1 12.6 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP257 32.4 2.8 11.7 126535 114885 133 364.2 28.2 137.7 <1.3 6534 77521 113.2 14.0 365.2 509.5 <0.5 2.8 0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.8 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP257 33.1 3.8 11.1 126411 116831 120 398.0 27.3 138.1 <1.6 6451 77307 113.2 14.3 371.5 512.2 <0.4 2.8 0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.8 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP257 32.8 1.8 8.5 127352 113591 96 394.0 26.4 146.7 <1.1 6730 76048 108.3 12.3 285.4 502.6 0.6 2.6 0.1 0.8 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 30.8 2.3 13.0 124176 108442 141 456.9 26.3 136.0 <1.5 6278 74427 111.9 16.9 322.1 485.6 0.4 2.0 0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 4.3 <0.0 0.0 0.5 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP257 30.7 2.3 13.5 122156 111810 121 516.5 22.9 136.9 <1.1 6289 73910 110.0 15.9 338.8 482.9 0.6 3.3 0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 32.1 1.6 13.0 123945 113871 106 448.7 27.0 172.9 <1.3 6499 75092 102.1 14.7 287.1 498.7 0.6 2.9 0.1 0.7 <0.0 1.0 0.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 31.6 2.9 13.6 126570 115300 126 497.0 27.5 180.8 <1.1 6534 74806 104.3 14.5 308.4 507.6 0.7 3.0 0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 2.5 0.1 0.0 0.8 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 33.5 2.1 20.5 129321 117308 154 510.7 26.4 138.5 <2.0 6373 77415 112.9 17.7 383.9 514.8 <0.4 3.6 0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 3.9 0.0 0.0 1.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 33.3 2.1 47.7 125705 114541 198 686.1 25.4 145.6 <1.3 6039 74524 107.1 18.5 457.5 500.3 0.7 4.5 0.2 1.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 5.5 0.1 0.1 1.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP257 31.6 3.2 17.1 120815 112200 147 412.5 24.7 149.1 1.2 6535 74989 107.4 16.9 365.5 497.9 0.5 2.8 0.1 0.9 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 3.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 32.4 3.4 19.5 119701 112402 145 346.1 27.0 156.3 <1.2 6393 73711 105.6 16.7 352.2 500.0 0.5 2.9 0.1 0.9 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 31.8 3.3 13.0 123153 112964 147 378.8 26.3 143.3 <1.2 6305 73386 102.3 13.8 412.6 484.9 0.4 3.5 0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 30.2 2.6 <5.8 120183 111270 87 427.5 25.2 129.3 <1.2 6240 72569 114.1 20.9 289.1 483.5 0.4 3.3 0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 1.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 35.9 <1.7 <6.6 126152 112608 104 483.8 34.1 178.8 <1.4 6392 71951 100.1 18.1 359.3 485.9 1.0 3.6 0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 2.6 0.1 0.1 1.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP257 32.3 <1.9 13.0 124942 108968 92 452.6 24.5 130.1 <1.3 6325 72508 105.9 14.6 290.1 480.9 0.3 3.4 0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 2.9 0.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP257 30.8 1.8 <7.7 120069 109060 94 463.1 26.1 133.3 <1.3 6091 69659 102.9 13.7 299.8 488.3 <0.4 3.3 0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 2.9 <0.0 0.0 0.8 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP257 31.6 2.8 10.1 122631 108022 110 400.3 26.5 134.7 1.5 5995 70974 114.9 20.8 328.7 459.5 0.5 3.6 0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 3.0 0.0 <0.0 0.4 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP257 33.6 <1.9 15.2 127800 112331 94 357.0 30.0 156.6 <1.5 6639 74215 107.3 18.1 258.6 498.4 0.4 2.7 0.0 0.7 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 3.4 <0.0 <0.0 1.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP258 67.6 7.6 22.4 105162 127556 40 1608.4 14.5 107.7 4.2 4592 88883 110.0 36.3 543.3 614.8 1.4 23.2 0.7 7.0 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 135.1 0.2 0.2 1.3 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP258 73.5 6.2 30.7 108390 123073 43 1263.2 12.7 132.2 3.2 4712 89666 107.8 33.7 285.7 572.4 1.6 19.4 1.6 5.5 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 134.7 0.6 0.2 24.4 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP258 68.5 8.4 37.0 104467 117229 50 1722.9 24.7 93.0 1.8 4257 84904 104.7 36.7 326.0 564.7 2.1 21.3 2.3 5.9 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 148.6 0.9 0.5 17.4 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP258 80.1 6.1 38.6 108027 125476 49 1735.8 31.8 156.7 2.8 4904 90487 106.5 32.2 254.3 585.1 1.9 17.8 1.6 4.6 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 120.9 0.5 0.2 8.6 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP258 80.7 7.5 42.7 109508 129137 42 1279.7 27.6 106.4 5.8 4436 90706 109.3 23.7 258.0 660.5 1.0 76.9 0.7 11.2 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 194.0 0.2 0.2 0.7 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP258 78.1 5.8 37.6 111793 127815 43 1575.5 45.1 108.1 8.0 4515 90955 111.4 24.6 333.6 688.0 1.3 23.2 1.5 11.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 111.7 0.6 0.5 1.0 <0.0 0.3
593
NP13AP258 59.2 5.8 25.6 95757 109034 44 2083.4 7.1 117.7 5.3 4290 84406 98.6 36.9 575.3 529.2 2.1 32.3 3.0 10.5 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 153.1 1.3 0.5 1.3 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP258 71.1 6.8 31.1 106979 120600 41 1518.8 12.6 99.0 3.2 4269 86675 105.9 36.0 466.7 590.3 2.5 27.9 2.4 9.7 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 158.3 1.1 0.5 0.4 <0.0 0.5
NP13AP258 74.1 7.5 32.9 110387 124973 40 1719.9 66.3 99.8 2.6 4563 91898 109.2 40.6 432.5 587.1 1.3 25.3 2.0 9.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 137.7 0.8 0.4 0.5 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP260+261 25.7 4.4 153.0 155842 132394 84 233.2 65.6 254.1 4.5 4112 68769 115.3 45.0 0.6 788.2 0.5 6.3 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 25.3 3.3 148.8 158158 129721 82 294.4 76.2 261.1 1.5 4120 68642 114.0 43.2 0.8 730.3 <0.4 6.8 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.5 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 24.8 3.5 138.4 155535 130491 75 307.5 70.6 265.5 <1.2 4050 68416 114.9 44.2 0.6 755.3 <0.4 7.8 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 26.1 3.2 150.9 155299 130468 99 312.3 64.1 228.2 <1.5 4021 67821 113.7 45.4 0.8 770.8 <0.4 7.1 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 31.1 4.8 162.3 161445 134681 96 577.0 63.7 223.9 <1.6 4111 69115 114.0 47.3 0.9 804.1 0.6 10.6 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 35.9 3.6 189.8 155583 131075 91 423.9 55.7 225.4 <1.7 4067 70121 112.4 50.1 0.9 843.3 <0.4 8.1 0.2 0.3 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 1.5 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 23.4 4.4 102.8 155091 119590 59 293.4 99.2 302.4 7.8 4170 68720 103.5 37.3 1.6 636.0 0.4 4.6 0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 2.0 0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 23.9 3.5 132.2 151797 125544 69 242.2 90.1 293.3 3.3 4077 68451 105.2 41.1 9.7 696.7 0.5 8.3 0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 25.7 3.5 134.9 151544 129539 69 288.2 72.0 272.7 1.2 4172 71265 110.5 42.6 10.3 761.4 0.7 7.0 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.8 0.1 1.1 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 37.7 3.9 280.7 155267 125246 139 296.5 53.2 206.8 3.0 3994 68679 105.7 50.2 3.2 816.3 0.4 10.6 0.2 0.6 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP260+261 27.1 4.0 164.9 155847 137483 76 257.8 72.6 260.8 9.7 4229 72514 114.7 48.4 0.9 778.3 <0.3 7.2 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 34.0 3.5 205.8 158805 137144 129 283.2 56.2 209.0 2.5 4015 71583 117.3 55.4 0.9 856.0 0.4 10.1 0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP260+261 41.6 5.4 239.3 155766 135204 156 365.5 60.7 217.4 <1.5 4207 74156 114.2 52.0 1.7 896.3 0.6 12.8 0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP260+261 33.2 3.9 254.1 155268 132650 111 346.4 57.2 208.7 1.7 4025 71083 114.5 53.5 0.8 840.3 0.6 8.8 0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.4 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP260+261 27.1 2.8 135.6 155186 133178 96 246.6 66.6 247.2 10.8 4127 72525 116.7 49.1 1.2 796.7 0.4 10.7 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP260+261 26.7 3.5 139.0 152543 134603 83 189.2 67.6 246.2 5.3 4052 71449 114.5 48.1 0.7 788.7 0.8 10.0 0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP262 46.0 6.3 169.6 149119 137521 87 616.2 91.5 265.1 1.7 5033 36594 113.6 29.2 0.4 888.3 0.4 29.2 0.4 1.0 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 47.0 6.8 193.2 151208 138945 82 655.5 93.3 306.2 3.7 5361 38730 114.2 30.1 0.4 899.0 <0.4 34.1 0.5 1.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 35.9 6.1 148.6 159102 138060 81 582.8 76.7 225.0 1.4 5231 37493 123.8 33.3 0.4 869.2 <0.4 20.5 0.3 0.7 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 34.8 6.0 148.9 151524 139873 91 525.2 81.7 226.4 1.3 4979 36190 118.7 34.3 0.3 871.2 <0.4 21.8 0.3 0.7 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP262 45.2 6.2 180.6 153255 142540 95 669.3 84.5 199.3 1.4 4954 38110 115.1 33.6 0.4 921.9 <0.5 26.1 0.5 1.2 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP262 37.2 5.5 153.8 156815 134472 93 501.0 84.8 217.2 <1.1 4965 36079 115.7 31.9 0.6 821.0 <0.5 22.5 0.3 1.0 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 33.7 6.2 105.0 156665 139635 101 397.4 55.4 204.7 1.7 5100 36355 119.9 28.4 0.4 849.2 0.4 19.3 0.3 0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 32.6 5.3 101.8 159183 137388 82 417.2 60.8 207.1 1.4 5224 37244 118.0 28.5 0.3 869.4 <0.4 17.8 0.3 0.2 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 31.1 5.7 102.2 157843 137979 91 468.2 57.0 209.2 1.6 5135 36786 121.3 29.5 0.4 865.9 <0.4 18.0 0.3 0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

( C)
NP13AP262 28.24 0.00 18.44 19.55 0.63 18.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.72 276 JA05C12 CP R 4 106 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP262 28.60 0.00 18.52 19.40 0.61 19.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.31 276 JA05C13 CP R 4 56 Good middle section of signal integrated in-between slightly elevated Ti
NP13AP262 28.54 0.00 18.04 20.17 0.75 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.80 276 JA05C14 CP R 2 29 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ti, Zr, Y, Ca, Ce, and U
NP13AP262 27.85 0.00 18.40 19.79 0.75 19.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.91 276 JA05C15 CP R 3 36 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial small spike in Ti until sudden increase in K when grain is ablated through
NP13AP262 28.82 0.00 18.23 20.03 0.54 19.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.92 276 JA05C17 CP R 4 54 Excellent middle section of signal integrated in-between slightly elevated Ti
NP13AP264 28.43 0.00 19.01 18.63 0.94 20.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.94 291 JA05D01 CP R 4 64 Perfect last half of signal integrated after initial slightly elevated Li, Sr and Cu
NP13AP264 28.64 0.00 19.39 18.32 0.96 20.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.08 291 JA05D02 CP R 4 44 Excellent first half of signal integrated until slight increase in Sr and Cu
NP13AP264 28.19 0.00 18.88 18.77 0.96 20.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.24 291 JA05D03 CP R 4 65 Excellent first half of signal integrated until bump in Sr and Cu
NP13AP264 28.41 0.00 19.12 18.55 0.97 20.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.66 291 JA05D05 CP R 2 25 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Cu until large step increase in Sr
NP13AP264 28.77 0.00 18.61 18.58 1.06 20.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.33 291 JA05D06 CP R 4 107 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP264 28.19 0.00 18.97 17.53 0.63 21.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.43 291 JA05D07 CP R 4 104 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP264 29.07 0.00 18.35 18.42 0.66 20.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.33 291 JA05D08 CP R 0 6 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until Na begins to increase
NP13AP264 28.86 0.00 18.93 18.76 0.85 20.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.80 291 JA05D09 CP R 1 18 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Cu
NP13AP264 28.37 0.00 19.07 18.71 0.84 20.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.50 291 JA05D10 CP R 4 73 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Na and Cu
NP13AP264 28.69 0.00 18.69 18.98 0.88 20.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.54 291 JA05D12 CP R 1 14 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until sudden step increase in Sr
NP13AP264 28.41 0.00 19.12 18.55 0.97 20.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.66 291 JA05D14 CP R 3 37 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until Sr and Cu increase
NP13AP264 28.41 0.00 19.12 18.55 0.97 20.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.66 291 JA05D15 CP R 4 55 Very good first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Cu
NP13AP264 28.41 0.00 19.12 18.55 0.97 20.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.66 291 JA05D16 CP R 4 46 Excellent first half of signal integrated until slight increase in Cu
NP13AP264 28.45 0.00 19.54 18.69 0.99 20.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.50 291 JA05D17 CP R 4 41 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Cu
NP13AP270 28.82 0.00 19.01 19.55 0.52 19.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.78 271 JA07C07 CP R 3 80 Good first three quarters of signal integrated until small increase in Ti; however elevated in K throughout
NP13AP270 29.07 0.00 17.44 17.55 0.56 20.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.48 271 JA07C08 CP R 0 7 Reasonable first few slices integrated until increase in Ti and Sr; however K elevated throughout
NP13AP270 29.07 0.00 17.44 17.55 0.56 20.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.48 271 JA07C09 CP R 1 22 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ti; however K elevated throughout
NP13AP270 28.77 0.00 18.48 19.44 0.68 20.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.52 271 JA07C10 CP R 3 52 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Na, Sr, Ce, La, Y, Ca, Cu and U; however elevated in K throughout
NP13AP270 29.46 0.00 17.16 17.83 0.56 20.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.54 271 JA07C13 MA R 2 24 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr and U until detection of Na; slight elevation in K throughout
594
NP13AP270 29.46 0.00 17.16 17.83 0.56 20.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.54 271 JA07C14 MA R 1 11 Reasonable first few slices integrated until spike in Zr
NP13AP270 28.69 0.00 18.23 18.54 0.63 20.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.55 271 JA07C15 CP R 3 47 Excellent first half of signal integrated until spike in Zr; however elevated in K throughout
NP13AP270 29.46 0.00 17.16 17.83 0.56 20.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.54 271 JA07C18 MA R 1 27 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through; however K elevated in section integrated
NP13AP270 28.15 0.00 18.04 19.35 0.57 19.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.50 271 JA07C19 CP R 3 75 Reasonable last half of signal integrated after initial irregular spikes, elevated K throughout
NP13AP270 29.07 0.00 18.06 19.45 0.79 19.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.36 271 JA07C20 CP R 3 90 Very good first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Ti; however elevated K throughout
NP13AP270 28.92 0.00 18.08 18.99 0.70 20.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.84 271 JA07C23 CP R 3 50 Very good first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti, Ca, Zr, Y and Pb; however elevated K throughout
NP13AP270 28.22 0.00 18.82 19.77 0.70 18.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.38 271 JA07C24 CP R 0 19 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ti; however elevated K throughout
NP13AP270 27.98 0.00 18.16 19.41 0.83 19.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.78 271 JA07C25 CP R 3 111 Reasonable signal integrated throughout; K also elevated throughout
NP13AP270 28.47 0.00 18.44 19.07 0.58 20.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.66 271 JA07C26 CP R 3 43 Very good first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti, Ca, Zr, Y and Pb; however elevated K throughout
NP13AP270 28.47 0.00 18.44 19.07 0.58 20.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.66 271 JA07C27 CP R 1 22 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ti
NP13AP274 30.57 0.00 18.18 15.70 0.98 22.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.27 245 JA07E01 MA R 2 21 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in Ce, Sr La and Ca
NP13AP274 31.21 0.00 16.82 16.07 1.29 22.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.39 245 JA07E02 MA R 4 107 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP274 31.21 0.00 16.82 16.07 1.29 22.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.39 245 JA07E04 MA R 4 43 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large spike in Zr, U and Y
NP13AP274 30.70 0.00 17.63 15.59 1.28 22.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.08 245 JA07E05 MA R 4 53 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large increase in Ce, La, Y, Sr and Ca
NP13AP274 30.70 0.00 17.63 15.59 1.28 22.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.08 245 JA07E06 MA R 2 21 Reasonable last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated and spiky Ce and La, Ce still slightly spiky
NP13AP274 30.70 0.00 17.63 15.59 1.28 22.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.08 245 JA07E07 MA R 1 11 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce
NP13AP274 30.06 0.00 17.21 15.72 1.23 21.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.71 245 JA07E08 MA R 1 17 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until small spike in Pb
NP13AP274 30.68 0.00 17.46 15.57 1.27 22.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.90 245 JA07E09 MA R 4 67 Good first half of signal integrated until Ca begins to increase
NP13AP274 30.10 0.00 17.18 15.58 1.14 22.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.31 245 JA07E10 MA R 1 12 Good first few slices integrated until increase in Sr, Ca, Ti, Zr and Y
NP13AP274 30.10 0.00 17.18 15.58 1.14 22.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.31 245 JA07E11 MA R 3 46 Reasonable last half of signal integrated after initial slightly elevated K and Ba; however K still spiky in signal integrated
NP13AP274 30.46 0.00 17.33 15.59 1.12 22.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.09 245 JA07E12 MA R 4 43 Good last half of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr, U and Y
NP13AP274 30.98 0.00 17.25 15.95 1.19 21.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.34 245 JA07E15 MA R 1 11 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until Cu begins to increase
NP13AP274 30.31 0.00 18.48 16.00 1.07 22.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.94 245 JA07E17 MA R 2 24 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large spike in Zr, Y and U
NP13AP274 30.18 0.00 18.25 16.09 1.10 22.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.86 245 JA07E18 MA R 1 10 Poor, but a few slices in middle of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr until grain is ablated through
NP13AP274 30.70 0.00 17.53 15.81 1.23 22.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.52 245 JA07E19 MA R 4 59 Very good last half of signal integrated after initial spikes in Zr, Y and U until Ca increases in last few slices
NP13AP274 31.04 0.00 17.40 15.61 1.23 22.32 0.00 0.00 0.25 87.85 245 JA07E20 MA R 4 55 Perfect last half of signal integrated after initial highly elevated K
NP13AP274 30.38 0.00 17.01 15.82 1.24 21.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.33 245 JA07E21 MA R 2 26 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until bump in Ti, Ca, Zr and U

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP262 35.7 7.0 91.6 147295 138383 79 458.5 63.0 211.7 <1.2 5129 37382 115.1 28.2 0.6 842.2 0.5 19.1 0.3 0.4 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 34.4 6.3 81.8 148908 136850 86 380.5 52.6 201.6 1.2 5079 36586 114.6 26.7 0.3 816.7 <0.4 14.3 0.2 0.3 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 29.2 7.4 102.9 162307 143409 102 331.1 86.1 199.5 <1.3 5032 36543 124.4 31.5 0.5 842.1 <0.5 16.2 0.2 0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 34.3 5.2 97.8 148850 127371 64 429.3 66.4 247.9 5.0 5262 38157 109.7 25.2 0.4 801.5 <0.5 20.3 0.4 0.8 <0.0 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 38.2 6.6 107.7 156379 139682 69 557.4 80.1 240.8 6.8 5380 39409 114.9 29.6 0.4 857.9 <0.5 21.4 0.4 0.9 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 35.8 6.4 116.0 157432 140128 88 619.9 71.9 198.8 2.6 5038 38471 116.4 28.2 0.5 868.1 <0.6 21.2 0.3 0.8 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP262 36.2 7.2 104.6 152783 137824 71 493.5 89.7 252.0 4.6 5213 38865 115.9 27.0 0.3 859.0 <0.5 20.7 0.4 0.6 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP264 99.9 5.3 20.6 158247 143301 19 <155.7 110.6 433.6 <1.4 7200 36904 168.3 32.4 8.8 641.6 <0.7 3.8 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 <0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP264 95.3 4.6 27.9 163232 134567 13 152.2 110.0 411.0 <1.2 7494 38034 159.7 26.9 11.0 586.9 <0.5 5.9 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 <0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 102.3 3.9 35.0 159339 132747 19 161.1 95.1 422.6 <1.5 7286 36334 157.6 28.0 10.5 593.9 <0.4 3.8 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 142.8 5.0 35.0 167372 140954 14 <142.1 62.0 634.5 <1.5 8083 40103 162.3 16.5 8.3 647.7 <0.5 5.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 125.4 5.5 44.5 161954 142697 16 333.8 67.8 609.7 <1.2 7778 38839 163.9 15.2 6.8 639.3 0.7 9.7 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 141.0 6.4 68.2 164455 138731 21 310.4 206.7 294.5 1.2 4701 35670 109.6 29.2 1.8 367.3 1.2 8.3 0.0 0.9 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 151.6 3.8 47.4 166988 132694 21 340.0 110.2 383.3 <2.1 4614 34097 99.2 22.6 2.4 319.5 1.2 6.4 0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 <0.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 129.3 4.6 27.9 165615 138083 21 <119.9 74.1 614.6 <1.2 7834 37050 162.7 14.1 5.2 628.6 <0.5 1.9 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 127.2 5.1 24.5 163939 138517 20 197.6 90.3 516.7 <1.0 7594 37096 161.6 19.3 7.7 614.1 <0.4 3.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 140.2 4.8 28.6 165535 134335 15 196.3 51.4 621.3 <1.5 7955 38019 155.2 12.2 2.5 628.7 <0.6 3.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 <0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 115.8 4.0 23.9 165671 134522 12 244.9 100.0 455.4 <1.0 7299 35973 154.5 25.5 3.9 596.5 <0.4 5.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 130.2 5.3 20.5 164379 138448 12 124.9 67.3 596.2 <1.1 7808 37082 162.6 16.1 4.1 623.7 <0.4 3.2 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 109.8 5.0 30.5 163581 129379 17 228.2 89.5 412.7 <1.0 7106 34798 155.2 25.1 11.3 593.1 <0.4 5.6 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 135.6 4.5 37.5 171150 141234 15 362.0 95.4 534.3 <1.0 7758 37761 166.4 19.4 8.4 663.6 0.4 4.7 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP270 63.8 4.7 42.1 159681 134121 646 354.3 60.4 238.5 2.3 4853 55034 120.3 21.4 0.4 592.7 <0.5 6.8 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 7.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 105.6 5.1 60.4 173278 133450 144 618.1 24.5 143.4 <2.0 4409 47387 125.8 25.4 0.5 647.9 <0.6 11.6 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 2.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 93.9 4.3 75.3 164867 129310 267 605.1 86.8 155.8 <1.1 4429 50042 126.9 22.5 0.3 659.2 0.5 14.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 3.9 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP270 60.8 4.1 36.1 155531 130650 674 301.7 45.4 230.8 1.7 4789 54925 116.6 16.0 0.3 568.6 0.4 5.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 6.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 77.5 5.6 46.3 144779 123517 246 495.5 54.8 263.3 3.2 5080 49989 108.2 16.1 <0.4 598.8 0.8 10.1 0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 4.0 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
595
NP13AP270 94.8 5.1 83.1 165634 126854 104 574.9 38.6 178.5 2.6 4653 49455 115.4 16.8 0.5 664.8 0.7 20.3 0.0 0.4 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 56.9 4.0 32.7 153654 127313 479 265.8 47.2 253.0 3.2 4923 54393 118.1 17.2 0.5 600.5 <0.4 4.9 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 4.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 53.9 3.5 26.8 142851 118008 429 383.2 110.4 270.0 8.3 4629 52598 107.6 16.2 0.4 558.1 0.4 4.8 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.6 <0.1 4.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP270 58.7 5.4 42.1 150728 126485 572 207.6 30.9 218.5 2.2 4476 54763 115.8 21.4 0.8 585.4 <0.4 4.8 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 4.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 78.5 4.5 55.4 151951 128548 859 397.9 70.5 275.5 1.8 5187 53317 118.3 26.3 0.8 621.0 <0.4 7.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 6.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 66.4 4.1 36.7 153733 130140 793 449.3 119.5 242.8 <1.2 4739 55413 120.0 17.7 0.5 584.2 0.5 6.2 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 6.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP270 54.9 3.8 28.7 153011 124708 292 294.3 46.3 349.0 <1.6 5607 58346 118.9 17.3 0.3 599.7 <0.4 4.5 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 2.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 63.5 4.4 45.2 152937 126527 462 396.1 147.7 302.4 <1.3 5228 55144 120.6 17.8 0.4 641.0 0.5 6.5 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 3.8 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 60.1 4.0 34.7 158167 127389 636 324.1 33.7 228.8 <1.1 4537 57398 115.3 18.1 0.5 564.6 <0.4 5.4 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 6.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP270 86.4 4.1 45.0 165479 127792 525 792.4 73.8 264.5 1.9 5003 55825 120.6 17.9 0.4 629.1 <0.4 9.1 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 4.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP274 98.2 4.4 228.3 173959 138742 56 716.2 43.9 152.7 <1.6 8850 47341 142.8 17.9 15.0 1594.9 <0.5 8.4 <0.0 4.9 <0.1 1.0 0.1 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP274 100.5 5.4 451.4 172026 137389 74 503.1 51.2 151.8 <1.5 9442 47751 141.2 15.8 79.0 1585.2 <0.5 8.3 <0.0 5.6 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP274 109.7 5.5 426.9 165140 130527 71 723.6 61.4 163.0 <1.4 9306 47689 130.2 15.5 86.9 1495.0 0.8 10.1 0.0 7.5 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP13AP274 82.1 4.3 267.8 179394 140687 70 598.5 52.1 149.4 1.8 9367 49441 143.7 18.6 40.1 1594.4 0.7 8.3 0.0 7.3 <0.0 1.1 0.2 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP274 78.8 6.3 307.1 169038 139206 128 616.3 60.3 146.9 <2.9 8951 49710 153.0 19.1 63.0 1679.1 1.4 6.3 0.3 8.2 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.6 0.2 0.9 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1
NP13AP274 68.3 4.4 230.8 187792 136472 61 403.1 56.3 151.9 <1.9 9347 49622 146.9 16.5 40.1 1494.0 1.0 7.6 0.1 7.6 <0.1 1.1 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP274 88.0 4.2 270.2 170878 127211 109 600.7 49.9 152.3 <1.3 9080 47431 128.5 14.6 33.5 1471.4 <0.6 8.8 0.0 9.0 <0.1 0.9 0.1 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP274 81.9 5.1 286.3 179958 137780 114 790.6 51.5 148.6 <1.4 9277 49438 141.1 19.0 32.0 1565.0 0.7 8.4 0.1 8.0 <0.1 1.1 0.2 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP274 71.9 2.9 264.6 178313 137092 105 779.1 46.4 143.9 <1.7 9061 46949 136.2 18.3 28.8 1477.4 0.6 7.4 0.1 8.6 <0.1 1.0 0.2 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP274 85.4 5.2 318.4 164106 133024 199 748.8 60.0 156.4 <2.4 9488 51574 141.9 20.1 39.9 1609.0 1.1 7.4 0.1 8.5 <0.1 1.4 0.2 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP274 71.0 6.5 313.5 175522 134748 119 469.6 48.0 135.5 <1.9 8603 48571 151.4 20.0 34.8 1594.0 <0.7 8.1 0.0 8.6 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP274 90.9 4.0 264.2 167997 139170 84 401.9 39.6 182.4 <1.3 10574 50523 132.5 12.4 46.2 1419.7 <0.5 5.5 0.0 2.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP274 79.7 4.9 270.6 189829 137699 76 678.5 34.2 122.9 <2.7 9550 46805 143.2 17.7 82.0 1492.2 <0.6 7.3 <0.0 3.7 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP274 100.7 3.4 318.8 178254 136569 55 716.1 51.6 159.8 <1.9 9174 49707 146.6 18.8 23.6 1564.2 0.9 7.7 <0.0 5.4 <0.1 0.9 0.1 1.5 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP274 105.2 9.4 287.0 174118 136069 72 643.3 55.0 176.7 <2.8 9783 52784 139.0 16.8 26.9 1599.1 0.9 8.0 0.1 6.6 <0.1 1.5 <0.2 1.7 <0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.5
NP13AP274 89.7 4.8 204.4 173725 137414 108 482.6 54.2 157.3 <1.8 9273 50239 141.2 17.2 61.1 1539.4 <0.7 6.7 0.1 9.0 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP274 84.3 4.7 180.6 174388 135707 89 324.1 49.5 151.9 <1.9 9307 50815 147.6 19.9 47.5 1614.8 <0.7 5.9 <0.1 7.3 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 0.7 0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP274 87.8 5.0 127.1 172544 135441 127 402.9 50.3 164.3 3.0 9655 50851 132.6 16.6 59.1 1452.2 0.8 6.4 0.1 9.6 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.3

( C)
NP13AP274 30.46 0.00 17.33 15.59 1.12 22.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.09 245 JA07E22 MA R 1 16 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until minor spike in Ce
NP13AP285B 28.69 0.00 19.27 20.56 0.81 19.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.50 290 DE13E01 MA V 4 106 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP285B 29.22 0.00 19.03 20.80 0.79 18.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.81 290 DE13E05 MA V 4 94 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until detection of Na in last few slices
NP13AP285B 27.77 0.00 18.91 20.35 0.87 18.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.29 290 DE13E14 MA V 4 87 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until spike in Ba
NP13AP285B 27.72 0.00 18.88 20.26 0.94 18.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.95 290 DE13E15 MA V 4 87 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until large step increase in Sr and Pb in last quarter
NP13AP285B 28.13 0.00 19.52 20.84 0.79 18.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.40 290 DE13E16 MA V 4 99 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until spike in Ba
NP13AP285B 27.60 0.00 19.24 20.30 0.94 17.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.62 290 DE13E17 MA V 4 90 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until small spikes in Ba
NP13AP285B 27.15 0.00 19.22 21.39 0.99 17.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.15 290 DE13E18 MA V 4 48 Perfect first half of signal integrated until K, Ti, Ca, Pb and Zr increase
NP13AP286 27.72 0.00 19.14 20.49 0.97 18.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.06 305 JA07D01 MA RAV 1 28 Good first quarter of signal integrated until bump in Ti; however K elevated throughout
NP13AP286 27.32 0.00 19.33 20.37 1.12 18.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.57 305 JA07D02 MA RAV 3 41 Good first half of signal integrated until most major elements begin to decrease slightly; K elevated throughout
NP13AP286 28.22 0.00 18.95 20.28 1.01 19.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.54 305 JA07D03 MA RAV 2 30 Very good third quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Zr, Y and U; K elevated throughout
NP13AP286 27.60 0.00 19.10 20.40 0.99 18.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.72 305 JA07D04 MA RAV 3 64 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large increase in Ti, Ca, Ce, Y, La, Zr, U, Pb and Sn; however elevated K throughout
NP13AP286 28.45 0.00 19.14 19.80 0.98 18.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.36 305 JA07D05 MA RAV 1 21 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in Na, Sr, Ce, Ca, Y and La
NP13AP286 27.81 0.00 19.14 20.07 0.89 19.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.01 305 JA07D06 MA RAV 1 28 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through; elevated in K throughout
NP13AP286 27.85 0.00 19.24 20.25 0.85 18.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.98 305 JA07D07 MA RAV 0 13 Good first quarter of signal after initial elevated Na until grain is ablated through; elevated K throughout
NP13AP286 28.04 0.00 18.86 20.22 0.70 18.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.58 305 JA07D09 MA RAV 4 49 Perfect last half of signal after initial elevated and irregular Na
596
NP13AP286 28.45 0.00 18.95 19.82 0.83 19.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.41 305 JA07D10 MA RAV 2 28 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial signal irregularity until grain is ablated through
NP13AP286 28.39 0.00 18.88 20.20 0.85 18.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.27 305 JA07D11 MA RAV 2 23 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr and Ce until grain is ablated through
NP13AP286 28.39 0.00 18.88 20.20 0.85 18.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.27 305 JA07D12 MA RAV 3 30 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Ce until grain is ablated through
NP13AP286 27.90 0.00 19.08 19.92 0.76 19.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.91 305 JA07D13 MA RAV 2 23 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr until grain is ablated through
NP13AP286 27.81 0.00 18.63 20.31 0.77 18.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.32 305 JA07D14 MA RAV 2 25 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Sr and Ce
NP13AP286 27.90 0.00 19.08 19.92 0.76 19.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.91 305 JA07D15 MA RAV 4 65 Perfect first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP286 27.40 0.00 18.50 19.46 0.75 18.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.82 305 JA07D16 MA RAV 2 36 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initial signal irregularity until sudden increase in Sr, Ca, Ce, Ca, La and Y; K elevated slightly
NP13AP286 28.13 0.00 18.91 19.61 0.90 18.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.42 305 JA07D17 MA RAV 0 18 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until Si begins to increase, however K elevated throughout
NP13AP286 27.81 0.00 19.52 20.53 1.05 18.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.53 305 JA07D18 MA RAV 3 76 Very good first three quarters of signal integrated until grain is ablated through; however elevated in K throughout
NP13AP294 28.67 0.00 16.91 26.13 0.54 14.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.17 245 DE05E05 MA R 4 109 Perfect signal with low K integrated throughout
NP13AP294 30.38 0.00 17.95 25.58 0.48 16.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 90.60 245 DE05E11 MA R 3 40 Excellent first quarter of signal in all elements integrated until K begins to increase, not this does not affect any other elements
NP13AP294 29.24 0.00 16.63 26.19 0.41 15.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.75 245 DE05E13 MA R 3 107 Excellent signal integrated throughout, although K is elevated and slightly variable, all other elements perfect
NP13AP294 28.67 0.00 16.91 26.13 0.54 14.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.17 245 DE05E17 MA R 4 51 Excellent signal throughout, but with slightly elevated K, second quarter with lowest smooth K integrated
NP13AP295 28.37 0.00 16.04 25.36 0.68 14.76 0.31 0.00 0.00 85.51 233 DE08G01 MA R 3 104 Good signal integrated throughout, but is consistently elevated in K, Ba and REEs
NP13AP295 28.54 0.00 16.51 25.95 0.72 14.63 0.42 0.00 0.00 86.77 233 DE08G04 MA R 3 54 Good middle of signal integrated in-between spikes in elevated REEs and U, however elevated K, Ba and REEs throughout
NP13AP295 28.00 0.00 16.50 25.37 0.67 14.00 0.29 0.00 0.00 84.83 233 DE08G07 MA R 3 81 Apparent excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until slight increase in K and Sr, however elevated in K, Ba and REEs throughout
NP13AP295 30.63 0.00 13.38 27.57 0.77 15.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.88 233 DE08G09 MA R 3 37 Good first half of signal integrated until increase in Ti, Ca, La, Pb and U
NP13AP295 31.08 0.00 14.13 28.05 0.75 15.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.12 233 DE08G10 MA R 2 28 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP274 81.9 5.1 323.2 182132 141807 120 501.3 56.0 146.0 <2.0 8785 48083 138.0 18.0 33.5 1473.4 0.6 7.5 0.1 8.0 <0.1 0.9 0.2 2.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP285B 54.9 3.0 36.4 148901 130664 104 738.9 163.5 270.9 <1.4 6668 72614 101.4 15.1 0.7 909.8 <0.6 11.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 2.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP285B 53.5 2.7 31.7 145274 125907 73 629.9 153.1 260.3 <1.2 6670 70700 97.9 13.7 0.8 893.1 0.6 10.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 2.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 55.4 3.2 35.7 155234 132378 109 660.1 168.0 269.7 <1.5 6882 72319 103.2 15.1 0.7 948.7 <0.5 10.9 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 2.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP285B 53.5 2.5 40.6 148232 126762 94 516.7 163.4 265.8 <1.3 6423 71536 100.0 14.3 0.6 902.8 <0.4 10.6 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 2.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP285B 55.2 3.0 38.7 145913 126065 82 604.1 146.1 253.9 <1.6 6703 70862 99.2 14.4 0.6 895.3 <0.4 11.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 2.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP285B 56.0 2.8 40.9 142776 128295 101 573.6 151.2 252.4 <1.3 6505 70811 100.0 14.8 0.5 890.3 <0.5 13.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 2.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 57.7 3.0 49.1 145345 130057 119 685.5 166.1 259.3 <1.4 6337 71648 100.8 14.6 0.5 909.7 <0.4 13.4 0.2 0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP285B 59.5 3.2 47.9 150251 129681 117 716.0 178.7 259.5 <1.2 6576 72684 102.4 14.9 0.5 955.2 <0.5 13.3 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 2.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP285B 57.9 3.7 47.2 146065 125034 155 587.6 138.9 260.2 <1.9 6752 70926 101.2 16.8 0.8 947.3 0.7 10.6 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 5.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 57.3 2.8 48.6 142796 122387 161 655.0 126.9 253.8 <1.9 6721 69911 98.3 15.9 1.9 913.7 <0.5 9.3 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 3.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 55.9 2.9 38.1 140247 122925 142 558.3 134.8 267.7 <1.5 6669 69465 97.5 15.9 1.8 1100.6 0.5 9.6 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 5.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 56.7 2.5 43.2 145569 126057 138 608.7 137.7 266.8 <.6 6975 71123 98.5 16.3 1.5 1316.5 0.7 9.8 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 1.6 <0.1 7.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 56.3 2.9 41.7 143894 124023 132 625.5 142.4 269.2 <1.4 6578 69966 97.5 16.0 0.5 1041.5 0.8 8.6 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 6.0 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 56.5 1.8 36.8 143843 124018 138 596.4 140.0 253.0 <1.5 6438 68616 99.8 16.0 0.4 925.6 0.9 9.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 6.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 57.1 2.6 65.9 141123 120547 146 413.6 133.2 265.4 <1.7 6786 71075 98.2 14.9 0.5 980.1 0.7 8.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.6 <0.1 5.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 55.4 2.6 60.8 137516 117275 142 580.1 124.5 258.5 <1.4 6720 69172 92.3 15.1 0.6 1041.2 0.7 8.6 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 8.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP285B 53.2 2.5 39.8 133389 116767 79 509.0 125.8 251.7 <1.3 7146 71089 92.3 14.8 2.1 873.2 <0.5 7.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.6 <0.1 4.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP286 45.1 2.9 53.4 147601 123466 457 269.5 214.6 135.8 1.6 7643 60078 105.0 17.8 0.4 662.7 <0.5 4.8 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 2.3 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP286 44.3 5.1 51.7 149302 131121 381 328.2 193.7 131.0 <1.3 6787 60802 103.6 17.7 0.3 670.4 <0.5 4.6 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 2.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP286 44.7 4.0 49.2 145441 131801 453 349.6 179.8 125.1 <2.3 6714 59487 101.8 18.7 <0.4 700.9 <0.6 4.3 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP286 46.0 3.4 51.6 150287 130999 501 303.0 201.8 126.8 1.6 6715 59619 102.7 17.6 0.8 699.7 <0.4 5.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 2.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP286 26.1 3.2 55.6 131776 115122 104 296.8 196.8 120.7 <1.8 10841 62595 129.4 16.4 0.5 991.0 <0.6 1.9 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP286 57.5 3.2 71.1 153175 128995 303 420.8 131.5 130.6 <1.5 6231 60812 97.6 15.8 1.3 769.8 <0.4 5.4 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 3.1 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP286 55.6 3.4 91.8 146366 125812 268 486.0 133.8 129.0 2.3 6305 60799 95.1 18.1 1.8 820.8 <0.6 7.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 2.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP286 47.6 4.7 70.3 137303 120884 229 402.5 124.6 111.7 <1.9 6203 58109 97.7 20.2 1.0 820.4 <0.8 7.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
597
NP13AP286 49.8 4.1 63.0 149398 125540 205 441.3 98.1 106.0 1.7 6006 58044 100.3 17.6 0.3 762.3 <0.4 6.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 1.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP286 50.8 5.5 61.4 142293 127157 189 410.0 93.3 110.8 2.8 5952 57303 98.5 17.4 0.4 839.0 <0.7 6.8 0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.3 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP286 49.8 3.4 54.8 146479 128489 190 739.7 107.4 112.1 <1.5 6203 58501 100.8 17.1 0.8 784.1 <0.5 10.4 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP286 53.8 3.6 59.1 150461 132911 254 604.7 104.9 116.8 <1.7 6317 59694 100.5 16.6 0.8 806.3 <0.5 7.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 2.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP286 50.9 3.8 60.1 144297 121194 192 480.6 96.7 117.9 <1.8 6001 56265 93.9 17.7 0.9 753.3 <0.5 7.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 2.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP286 57.9 4.9 66.5 150513 133076 269 551.3 110.1 123.1 1.5 6251 59378 100.7 17.9 0.8 807.7 <0.3 8.3 0.2 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 2.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP286 52.6 4.8 58.8 143896 125914 305 310.8 110.0 117.3 <1.6 6138 57521 97.4 16.3 0.4 796.1 <0.5 6.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.1 1.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP286 56.6 2.7 51.7 146404 125605 571 406.0 243.1 128.1 <1.5 6287 58723 97.0 17.8 1.0 682.8 <0.4 4.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 2.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP286 48.6 3.8 55.0 144735 131924 538 240.7 216.6 126.9 <1.5 7799 59362 104.9 18.0 0.7 813.4 <0.5 3.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 2.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP294 133.3 8.7 26.1 111913 121953 161 1406.6 19.3 127.0 7.1 3764 83279 80.5 27.2 0.6 521.2 0.3 17.1 0.2 0.8 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 3.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 154.3 10.8 32.2 115493 126734 52 1558.4 25.6 109.4 4.4 3763 83599 79.9 26.3 0.5 550.2 0.3 19.2 0.2 0.5 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 3.9 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 131.1 9.4 27.1 113245 122548 199 1482.1 17.2 128.0 6.5 3844 84736 82.2 29.2 0.5 550.9 0.4 17.3 0.2 0.6 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP294 152.3 9.8 36.4 117726 128056 46 1740.4 21.1 108.8 4.8 3830 86625 82.7 28.2 0.5 545.4 0.5 19.9 0.1 0.4 <0.1 0.8 0.0 4.1 <0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 157.7 10.8 31.2 120453 130544 88 1513.9 27.4 121.6 4.0 3959 88289 85.8 27.7 0.5 573.3 0.4 19.4 0.2 0.7 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 3.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 144.8 11.2 24.5 116603 124845 118 1475.2 23.4 126.7 4.3 3945 86248 82.4 28.3 0.7 558.3 0.5 18.6 0.2 0.8 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 3.7 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP294 142.1 8.3 21.0 122560 127645 215 1536.6 18.0 135.8 6.0 4079 89792 87.8 30.0 1.1 564.2 <0.3 18.4 0.2 1.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 4.1 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP294 131.8 9.0 20.0 112890 119512 334 1582.7 20.6 112.2 <1.1 3766 82998 78.3 24.7 2.3 514.1 <0.3 17.0 0.2 1.0 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 4.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 148.4 10.3 29.9 116428 124910 127 1565.1 24.1 123.3 5.2 3856 84700 81.7 27.1 0.6 542.8 0.5 18.6 0.2 0.6 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 3.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 149.4 10.4 24.5 118884 125995 122 1529.2 23.3 126.9 5.4 3933 86122 82.5 27.2 0.6 553.5 0.2 18.2 0.2 0.7 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 3.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 136.6 9.4 21.3 113581 120793 161 1487.0 21.1 125.2 6.8 3794 84008 80.3 26.7 0.6 535.4 0.4 17.8 0.2 0.7 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 3.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 139.7 9.4 25.6 112948 121489 187 1556.4 17.2 128.4 6.8 3846 84575 81.6 27.2 0.7 537.5 0.4 17.5 0.2 0.8 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 3.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 166.4 11.2 31.9 119963 128091 81 1582.6 30.0 119.5 4.2 3957 86773 83.8 27.2 0.5 571.3 0.4 19.0 0.2 0.6 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 3.7 <0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP294 133.6 9.5 26.0 112847 119899 161 1550.0 17.4 124.7 6.3 3723 82053 79.9 26.9 0.7 532.3 0.3 16.7 0.2 0.6 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP295 106.0 4.6 31.3 102913 112537 677 1781.3 5.1 124.7 2.2 4704 75491 111.9 38.5 613.0 638.7 0.9 18.6 0.7 8.3 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 45.1 0.2 0.5 33.2 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP295 110.5 5.6 37.6 108039 119850 776 2082.0 3.8 129.6 2.2 4946 80510 114.4 41.8 772.4 651.5 1.9 18.8 1.0 6.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 40.5 0.3 0.6 15.6 <0.0 0.7
NP13AP295 105.6 4.5 29.9 103232 115059 609 2015.1 8.6 139.3 3.0 4958 79597 115.0 40.1 871.5 643.2 0.8 17.2 0.7 6.9 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 33.9 0.2 0.4 44.7 0.0 0.5
NP13AP295 192.8 2.3 25.5 114958 127308 222 874.5 14.1 98.1 6.2 4948 90446 106.7 29.4 245.9 660.5 <0.4 8.7 0.2 2.8 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 10.9 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP295 200.5 2.3 28.9 121629 134126 168 932.1 25.7 118.3 7.3 5416 97971 110.9 27.4 198.2 702.5 0.3 9.4 0.1 2.2 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 7.7 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.1

( C)
NP13AP295 31.47 0.00 13.66 28.28 0.74 15.35 0.27 0.00 0.00 89.76 233 DE08G11 MA R 3 36 Excellent first half of signal integrated until K is detected and Zr increases
NP13AP295 28.73 0.00 16.42 25.56 0.70 15.65 0.25 0.00 0.00 87.31 233 DE08G14 MA R 3 51 Good first half of signal integrated until large step increase I Ce, La and U; however elevated in Ba, K and REEs throughout
NP13AP295 28.64 0.00 16.57 25.47 0.74 15.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.91 233 DE08G15 MA R 0 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Sr, however elevated in K, Ba and REEs throughout
NP13AP295 28.43 0.00 16.46 25.31 0.71 14.48 0.28 0.00 0.00 85.66 233 DE08G16 MA R 0 16 Good few slices in second quarter integrated after initial spike in Sr until large step increase in Na; again elevated in K, Ba and REEs throughout
NP13AP295 28.45 0.00 16.08 24.89 0.72 14.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.06 233 DE08G17 MA R 0 14 Good first few slices integrated until spike in Sr, Zr, Ce and U; elevated in K, Ba and REEs throughout
NP13AP295 30.36 0.00 13.77 27.13 0.59 16.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.91 233 DE08G18 MA R 1 18 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Ti, Ca, V and U
NP13AP295 30.59 0.00 13.66 27.76 0.74 15.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.32 233 DE08G19 MA R 3 39 Very good first half of signal integrated until small increase in Ti, Ca and V
NP13AP295 30.72 0.00 13.57 28.05 0.70 15.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.53 233 DE08G21 MA R 3 33 Good middle of signal integrated in-between spikes in Ti, Ca and Pb
NP13AP297 29.76 0.00 16.46 21.75 0.85 18.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.16 236 DE05C02 MA R 4 78 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Ti and Pb
NP13AP297 29.99 0.00 16.25 21.61 0.68 18.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.78 236 DE05C04 MA R 4` 108 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP297 30.12 0.00 17.29 21.54 0.67 18.51 0.32 0.00 0.00 88.44 236 DE05C05 MA R 4 45 Perfect first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP297 28.84 0.00 16.04 21.41 0.83 18.06 0.22 0.00 0.00 85.39 236 DE05C10 MA R 4 95 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until large spike in Ag
NP13AP297 28.84 0.00 16.04 21.41 0.83 18.06 0.22 0.00 0.00 85.39 236 DE05C11 MA R 1 11 Good first few slices only until series of inclusions rich in Ce, La, Y, Sr and Ca is encountered
NP13AP297 30.23 0.00 17.06 21.83 0.74 18.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.56 236 DE05C14 MA R 3 39 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Pb and REE's with decrease in some majors
NP13AP297 29.16 0.00 16.34 21.73 0.72 17.53 0.28 0.00 0.00 85.76 236 DE05C15 MA R 4 90 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until grain is ablated through in last quarter
NP13AP297 29.14 0.00 16.46 21.47 0.71 17.73 0.25 0.00 0.00 85.75 236 DE05C16 MA R 4 101 Perfect signal integrated throughout until Pb spike in last few slices only
NP13AP297 28.88 0.00 16.55 21.56 0.89 17.78 0.34 0.00 0.00 86.00 236 DE05C17 MA R 4 82 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until spike in Ce in last quarter
598
NP13AP312 28.09 0.00 20.63 20.88 1.50 18.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.17 303 DE08F07 MA RAV 4 70 Very good first three quarters of signal integrated until K begins to increase, followed by Sr and La
NP13AP312 28.28 0.00 20.03 20.15 1.17 18.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.47 303 DE08F08 MA RAV 4 105 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP312 27.79 0.00 19.69 20.56 1.14 18.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.78 303 DE08F09 MA RAV 1 10 Good small section integrated between numerous spikes in Zr, other elements good throughout
NP13AP312 28.00 0.00 19.56 20.25 0.92 18.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.23 303 DE08F10 MA RAV 4 110 Perfect last three quarters of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr
NP13AP312 28.24 0.00 19.95 20.43 1.11 18.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.47 303 DE08F11 MA RAV 4 48 Very good first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ti and Ca
NP13AP312 27.06 0.00 19.46 20.08 1.14 18.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.96 303 DE08F13 MA RAV 2 20 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Zr
NP13AP312 27.23 0.00 19.50 20.17 1.29 18.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.20 303 DE08F14 MA RAV 2 21 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Zr
NP13AP312 28.07 0.00 18.82 20.29 1.03 18.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.19 303 DE08F15 MA RAV 2 21 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial spikes in Zr until Na is detected
NP13AP312 27.87 0.00 19.46 20.28 1.05 18.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.16 303 DE08F17 MA RAV 3 39 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated with only very slightly blip in K, between spikes in Zr
NP13AP312 27.90 0.00 18.88 19.90 1.11 19.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.90 303 DE08F18 MA RAV 3 36 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Na, K and Zr
NP13AP312 27.53 0.00 18.46 19.80 1.06 18.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.14 303 DE08F19 MA RAV 0 10 Reasonable 10 slices of signal integrated after initial inclusion elevated in REEs, Bi, K, Na and Sr until spike in Zr
NP13AP312 27.66 0.00 18.63 20.16 1.06 18.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.33 303 DE08F20 MA RAV 1 10 Good first few slices integrated until K is detected
NP13AP312 27.72 0.00 19.18 19.46 1.28 18.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.40 303 DE08F21 MA RAV 2 21 Very good second quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Zr
NP13AP312 27.57 0.00 18.67 20.55 1.05 18.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.12 303 DE08F22 MA RAV 4 92 Perfect signal integrated until Zr spike in last few slices
NP13AP312 27.94 0.00 20.31 19.98 1.30 18.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.77 303 DE08F23 MA RAV 2 22 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr and K until large spike in Zr
NP13AP317 27.42 0.00 19.39 17.64 0.92 19.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.06 303 DE11A07 MA RAV 3 31 Reasonable last quarter of signal integrated after spikes in Zr and U
NP13AP317 27.66 0.00 19.46 17.64 0.85 19.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.63 303 DE11A08 MA RAV 1 11 Poor, but some of third quarter signal integrated on-between numerous Zr spikes
NP13AP317 27.49 0.00 20.43 17.17 0.71 19.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.78 303 DE11A09 MA RAV 1 15 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Zr and U
NP13AP317 28.15 0.00 20.54 17.48 0.75 20.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.05 303 DE11A10 MA RAV 2 28 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until spikes in Zr and U
NP13AP317 28.15 0.00 20.54 17.48 0.75 20.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.05 303 DE11A11 MA RAV 2 21 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in REEs, particularly Ce
NP13AP317 27.62 0.00 20.65 17.25 0.84 19.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.56 303 DE11A12 MA RAV 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K and Sr
NP13AP317 27.60 0.00 19.78 17.66 0.96 19.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.63 303 DE11A13 MA RAV 2 29 Good first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP317 27.96 0.00 20.35 17.07 0.92 20.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.46 303 DE11A16 MA RAV 3 43 Good first half of signal integrated until increase in K, some K present throughout

Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP295 197.5 1.7 28.9 116932 128687 156 676.9 30.1 109.7 9.1 5254 93593 108.8 27.8 174.3 687.9 <0.4 8.6 0.2 2.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 8.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP295 123.9 6.9 24.0 112070 112877 441 1296.8 6.5 87.4 12.4 4966 82442 126.7 42.1 290.2 684.9 1.0 13.8 0.5 1.6 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 21.6 0.3 0.6 0.5 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP295 120.5 5.0 22.3 116740 113448 377 1348.8 9.7 85.6 12.2 4979 83007 128.4 41.4 264.9 662.2 0.7 15.7 0.6 1.0 <0.1 0.7 0.1 24.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP295 124.4 5.7 28.1 108400 116196 431 1631.1 17.4 97.8 20.5 4931 83099 125.8 45.4 330.1 696.8 0.5 14.2 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.7 <0.1 25.3 0.2 0.5 0.7 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP295 112.0 4.4 24.3 107514 103670 368 1396.6 15.3 85.5 15.2 4476 75745 119.6 42.0 342.7 607.5 <0.4 14.5 0.4 1.4 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 26.5 0.2 0.5 0.6 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP295 197.7 2.4 19.0 119691 129371 214 525.5 7.4 89.0 8.3 4614 90523 110.3 33.8 144.7 652.8 <0.4 7.6 0.2 2.3 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 8.6 0.0 0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP295 180.4 2.8 24.4 111640 121736 244 684.6 68.2 113.4 8.6 4887 90531 108.6 33.9 135.9 660.7 0.3 8.6 0.2 2.5 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 8.4 0.0 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP295 167.1 3.7 18.6 108754 115409 279 917.1 20.7 85.5 7.0 4196 82871 102.5 32.8 184.1 609.5 <0.4 9.2 0.2 2.6 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 11.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 152.3 5.5 20.2 129972 126149 209 1674.3 6.1 93.2 4.6 5174 66684 151.0 49.1 28.3 983.5 0.9 19.9 0.2 0.4 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 9.7 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 158.0 5.0 20.9 134059 128175 224 1632.6 4.6 96.1 4.4 5338 68885 154.5 49.6 19.7 981.9 0.7 18.8 0.2 0.4 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 8.9 0.0 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 156.8 5.5 21.6 135518 128007 244 1758.9 5.6 94.6 3.8 5409 68348 155.9 49.4 9.3 1014.8 0.5 21.8 0.2 0.4 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 11.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 167.1 6.5 26.1 136553 130352 227 1840.4 7.1 91.6 4.6 5307 70029 157.2 52.2 52.1 1014.7 0.9 22.8 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.7 <0.0 13.6 0.1 0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 179.6 5.9 25.7 147687 139151 277 1785.6 6.2 98.3 3.7 5800 73949 167.4 54.6 16.2 1067.4 0.9 22.0 0.4 0.7 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 12.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 160.4 5.7 16.5 131615 126828 106 1422.0 5.3 95.1 2.9 5375 67457 154.4 54.9 3.1 1025.7 <0.3 12.2 0.2 0.6 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 2.1 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 163.4 5.5 14.6 132038 127958 100 1325.5 5.3 95.2 3.6 5469 67358 155.3 53.8 3.4 1008.9 0.4 11.9 0.2 0.5 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 167.5 6.9 13.5 136239 133828 106 1574.9 6.1 97.1 2.3 5599 69698 161.4 56.9 3.3 1064.4 0.4 11.9 0.3 0.7 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 2.0 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 188.6 5.7 13.9 142378 139350 104 1362.3 7.4 96.9 2.4 5916 73729 169.1 57.1 3.2 1115.2 <0.2 11.3 0.3 0.6 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 2.3 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 168.3 6.4 18.0 134711 128301 209 1444.5 6.4 86.3 6.3 5488 67770 154.2 43.0 59.4 1007.3 0.5 13.9 0.2 0.5 <0.0 0.9 <0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 159.8 3.8 14.7 137058 120412 202 1414.9 5.9 88.4 6.0 5452 67117 146.7 42.4 58.1 958.8 0.5 13.6 0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 6.8 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 161.2 5.8 15.9 134868 128560 213 1755.2 5.1 93.6 2.3 5327 67657 157.0 52.8 139.4 1006.8 0.9 18.5 0.2 1.5 <0.0 1.0 <0.0 6.7 <0.0 0.0 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 167.3 4.9 14.9 138536 133525 193 1780.8 5.7 95.1 2.0 5521 68929 161.0 53.8 107.0 1026.3 0.8 19.1 0.2 1.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 7.2 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 173.4 6.4 19.2 143402 133112 119 1690.2 5.7 101.1 2.6 5591 68984 158.1 50.8 5.4 1017.0 0.4 12.5 0.3 0.9 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 2.8 <0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 152.7 6.8 22.5 130400 127235 139 1866.9 8.6 102.0 3.2 4937 65472 149.1 50.9 7.2 915.3 0.5 14.5 0.3 1.1 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 3.4 <0.0 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 155.5 6.3 20.6 132329 128450 133 1816.2 9.4 102.9 2.2 5004 67011 150.2 52.1 4.5 970.5 0.6 13.8 0.3 1.0 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 153.5 5.6 13.9 131736 144656 102 1832.7 6.4 102.4 1.3 5100 66070 146.0 48.8 3.3 915.8 <0.3 12.9 0.3 1.5 <0.0 0.8 <0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP297 163.1 6.5 15.5 137496 129903 89 1565.0 5.2 98.1 <1.4 5451 68223 152.6 49.9 8.1 977.0 0.3 11.8 0.3 1.4 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
599
NP13AP312 30.1 3.6 29.8 142458 116614 79 383.6 156.4 238.5 <1.3 8650 72804 34.8 17.7 0.6 611.6 <0.4 4.5 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 28.1 2.2 24.3 142523 116264 79 383.9 178.5 222.9 <1.4 7496 71111 35.7 15.7 0.6 575.8 <0.4 4.3 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.6 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 28.9 6.2 37.1 140207 117168 93 323.3 155.4 220.2 <2.7 7691 70340 29.9 13.9 <0.5 591.0 <0.8 4.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 1.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP312 29.5 3.1 26.7 138326 113779 74 475.3 163.4 206.9 <1.6 7133 67694 33.8 16.4 0.5 574.9 <0.4 4.8 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 35.0 3.0 24.5 136682 113667 92 375.3 149.6 273.8 <1.3 9437 71023 26.8 16.1 0.6 628.2 <0.3 4.4 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.7 <0.1 0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 31.6 <2.0 31.2 134911 106934 105 415.0 115.6 233.3 <1.9 8068 66141 29.9 18.2 0.7 561.9 <0.1 4.8 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 0.9 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 28.0 <1.7 20.2 133960 103616 93 474.7 114.8 247.2 <1.2 8559 63888 28.4 18.6 0.8 586.8 <0.3 6.2 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 21.3 <2.8 18.5 141967 113367 47 <174.7 94.1 185.4 <2.1 6329 67087 50.7 23.1 0.5 483.9 <0.5 2.5 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP312 21.1 2.5 24.8 135590 109813 65 200.4 91.4 173.0 <1.2 6434 64326 47.6 22.9 0.6 523.0 <0.4 2.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 24.4 2.7 62.0 141026 111158 109 137.3 109.6 204.8 <1.6 7545 68036 44.4 22.6 0.6 522.1 <0.3 3.1 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 23.2 2.2 18.5 144255 112067 53 179.4 94.4 189.1 <1.3 7425 64870 47.3 22.3 <0.2 589.8 <0.0 2.6 0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 23.2 <2.5 40.0 138440 114333 132 250.6 101.3 184.4 <2.5 6890 63930 44.9 23.7 0.9 534.8 <0.6 4.1 0.0 0.3 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP312 21.1 <2.0 26.3 142900 112016 60 226.1 115.7 199.1 <2.5 7593 65508 48.6 21.0 0.5 557.6 <0.5 2.4 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 <0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 27.8 2.2 29.3 145726 114357 55 181.2 73.4 237.3 <1.5 9409 62964 39.6 18.1 0.5 735.0 <0.4 2.9 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 22.3 <1.9 18.8 139788 112424 64 210.5 94.7 181.5 <1.4 7188 63793 47.0 23.2 0.5 560.5 <0.4 2.1 0.0 0.5 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 35.8 2.2 30.4 139382 109167 158 498.4 159.0 242.3 <1.7 8563 64573 28.7 16.9 0.5 601.5 <0.4 7.4 0.1 0.3 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 34.9 6.4 53.8 140604 127460 144 470.5 85.3 125.6 <1.0 6064 53869 46.4 9.8 1.6 399.2 0.8 20.8 0.6 1.0 <0.1 0.8 0.1 6.4 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP317 33.7 6.5 54.8 146324 129651 68 525.8 78.5 125.6 <1.5 6050 52972 43.8 10.4 1.1 367.7 0.7 23.3 0.5 1.5 <0.1 0.9 0.1 6.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 38.6 7.6 55.2 152836 136931 86 489.1 100.9 127.9 <1.5 6465 55872 42.2 10.5 1.8 390.0 0.8 23.3 0.6 1.1 <0.1 1.0 0.1 6.7 <0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP317 37.9 5.5 46.4 168016 132921 101 625.8 93.4 132.9 <0.8 7142 59664 49.6 10.1 3.7 422.1 0.6 20.2 0.5 1.5 <0.0 0.6 0.1 5.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 45.0 7.0 64.5 167222 141530 79 655.2 90.1 158.4 <1.1 6747 58946 40.8 10.4 2.9 400.7 0.9 26.6 0.6 2.1 <0.0 0.8 0.1 7.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP317 39.9 5.6 42.8 165411 125490 114 526.5 93.6 133.1 <0.8 6787 57924 47.7 8.2 2.6 407.8 0.8 19.4 0.5 1.1 <0.0 0.6 0.1 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 31.8 5.2 43.9 157551 131680 70 422.8 76.8 134.1 <1.0 6949 54757 53.1 8.4 0.6 380.7 0.4 18.9 0.4 0.4 <0.0 0.6 0.1 5.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 30.3 5.5 47.0 155317 129322 59 431.2 86.2 120.6 <0.6 6953 56449 57.2 10.0 0.5 396.6 0.3 19.5 0.4 0.3 <0.0 0.7 0.1 5.2 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 32.5 5.9 47.7 163088 135094 54 397.9 87.7 126.3 <0.8 7249 59102 58.6 10.4 0.7 409.4 0.6 19.8 0.4 0.5 <0.0 0.7 0.1 5.4 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 32.5 5.0 49.6 160915 126066 77 484.8 79.5 130.5 <0.7 6965 57322 52.0 10.0 0.7 399.4 0.4 20.2 0.4 0.5 <0.0 0.7 <0.0 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP317 31.5 5.8 58.5 161238 134465 63 522.7 80.0 136.3 <0.6 6893 56607 49.4 10.8 0.6 390.2 0.4 25.7 0.5 0.7 <0.0 0.8 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 30.9 5.5 55.5 162319 134474 56 549.8 81.7 138.0 <0.7 7089 57429 51.8 10.8 0.5 404.8 0.4 24.6 0.4 0.3 <0.0 0.7 0.1 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0

( C)
NP13AP317 27.19 0.00 19.78 16.56 0.88 19.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.97 303 DE11A19 MA RAV 4 79 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP317 27.72 0.00 20.14 17.52 0.92 19.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.02 303 DE11A20 MA RAV 2 30 Reasonable middle of signal integrated with lowest K, however K still slightly elevated
NP13AP317 27.98 0.00 20.29 17.38 0.81 19.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.30 303 DE11A21 MA RAV 4 107 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP317 27.62 0.00 19.90 18.15 0.99 19.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.18 303 DE11A22 MA RAV 3 44 Reasonable first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, minor elevated K throughout
600
Unique sample
number 7 11 23 24 29 39 43 47 51 53 55 57 59 60 65 66 75 88 89 90 107 118 121 137 139 140 208 209 238
NP13AP317 31.4 5.9 58.3 160725 128348 56 549.9 78.3 138.3 <0.8 6815 55184 45.9 10.1 0.9 376.6 0.5 26.7 0.5 0.8 <0.0 0.6 0.1 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 33.1 6.4 57.1 160152 133379 127 559.5 83.0 135.9 <0.9 6986 56605 49.1 10.3 0.5 389.3 0.6 24.9 0.5 0.5 <0.0 0.7 0.0 7.5 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 32.4 6.0 56.2 162515 133128 76 444.2 81.0 135.7 <0.8 7034 56968 51.2 10.6 0.6 407.0 0.3 25.6 0.5 0.3 <0.0 0.7 0.1 7.2 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 34.8 5.0 39.3 151759 122991 88 398.7 87.3 119.2 <0.7 6924 55005 61.1 9.1 1.0 376.5 0.4 17.6 0.4 0.3 <0.0 0.7 0.1 4.1 <0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 35.7 6.0 43.6 154402 131056 60 476.6 88.6 136.6 <0.7 7161 56478 55.6 9.8 0.8 366.0 0.6 19.8 0.5 0.2 <0.0 0.8 0.1 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP317 31.4 5.6 52.7 161513 129850 45 558.1 85.4 128.9 <0.6 6961 56488 49.3 10.3 0.6 376.8 0.2 23.7 0.5 0.2 <0.0 0.7 0.0 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
601
602
APPENDIX I: EPIDOTE TRACE ELEMENT MINERAL CHEMISTRY
DATASET (LA-ICP-MS)
General information
This appendix provides the quantified results of all LA-ICP-MS analyses of epidote, along with associated
quality control, textural information and SEM-EDS data. Owing to the large amount of data, each row in
the table, representing one analysis, is spread across two pages.
Related SEM-EDS data columns

As discussed in section 4.3.4, the abundance of Ca in epidote, as determined by SEM-EDS, was used as an
internal standard during LA-ICP-MS analysis. This corrects the data for the differing physical properties and
ablation characteristics of chlorite in comparison to the external calibration standard NIST 612. Further, as
LA-ICP-MS standards were chosen to optimise analysis of trace elements, the major element composition
of epidote is far more accurately given by SEM-EDS data.
Consequently, for each LA-ICP-MS spot analysis, SEM-EDS data corresponding to the same mineral grain is
provided; if this was not available, an average of SEM-EDS data acquired from immediately adjacent
mineral grains is given. In the majority of cases this SEM-EDS data also forms part of Appendix F. However,
where an average was used, or if an SEM-EDS analysis showed minor contamination (such as K or Mg), the
data is only provided here. Clearly, the best method of interpreting mineral chemistry, as followed in this
study, is to use SEM-EDS data (e.g. Appendix G) to investigate major elements and LA-ICP-MS data (e.g. this
dataset) to study trace elements.
Also tabulated in this dataset is a chlorite geothermometry temperature estimate for the sample. This was
calculated as the average of the temperature estimates provided in Appendix F for the same sample based
on the equation of Jowett (1991).
Texture and mode columns

Epidote textures as described in section 4.5.1: ASG = aggregated subhedral grains; BIG = broken and
included grains; CEG = clean euhedral grains. Mode of occurrence: R = replacement; V = vein-hosted; RAV
= replacement around vein (i.e. in vein alteration halo).
Further details
All other details are as described for Appendix H.
603
number SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2 O Total ref.
(oC)
NP12AP010 37.48 0.00 21.82 14.14 0.00 0.00 23.28 0.00 0.00 96.72 247 SE28A06 BIG R 1 10 Irregular K throughout, but small part of first quarter signal integrated with low K until Ce step increases
NP12AP010 37.71 0.00 22.11 14.33 0.00 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 97.72 247 SE28A07 BIG R 3 33 Excellent first half of signal integrated until inclusion with increase in K, Ce and La
NP12AP010 37.71 0.00 22.11 14.33 0.00 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 97.72 247 SE28A08 BIG R 4 57 Excellent second half of signal integrated following initial elevated Sr
NP12AP010 37.99 0.00 21.69 14.05 0.00 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 97.12 247 SE28A09 BIG R 2 28 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until spike in K
NP12AP010 38.21 0.00 21.77 14.28 0.40 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 97.84 247 SE28A10 BIG R 1 10 Poor, irregular K and Ce throughout, last few slices with lowest smooth K integrated
NP12AP010 37.91 0.00 21.60 14.27 0.00 0.00 23.27 0.00 0.00 97.04 247 SE28A11 BIG R 4 100 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP010 37.99 0.00 21.31 14.45 0.00 0.00 23.49 0.00 0.00 97.25 247 SE28A13 BIG R 1 15 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected
NP12AP010 37.37 0.00 22.30 13.37 0.00 0.00 23.13 0.00 0.00 96.16 247 SE28A15 BIG R 0 9 Minor K in otherwise good first quarter of signal
NP12AP010 37.39 0.00 21.20 14.38 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 96.57 247 SE28A16 BIG R 4 64 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until blip in K
NP12AP010 37.12 0.00 20.41 15.04 0.52 0.00 22.64 0.00 0.00 95.72 247 SE28A18 BIG R 1 15 First quarter with lowest K integrated, but K present throughout then rapidly increases
NP12AP010 38.46 0.00 21.86 14.11 0.00 0.00 23.17 0.00 0.00 97.61 247 SE28A19 BIG R 1 11 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected
NP12AP010 37.61 0.00 21.56 14.41 0.00 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 97.11 247 SE28A21 BIG R 4 43 Very good middle part of signal integrated between areas of elevated K
NP12AP033 38.12 0.00 23.00 14.21 0.43 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 99.37 273 SE27A06 ASG RAV 3 28 Very good signal integrated after initial elevated Mg until K is detected
NP12AP033 37.82 0.00 23.07 14.48 0.59 0.00 23.34 0.00 0.00 99.31 273 SE27A07 ASG RAV 1 13 Poor, slightly contaminated from beginning with increasing Sr and decreasing Ce
NP12AP033 38.03 0.00 22.50 15.07 1.10 0.00 22.71 0.00 0.00 99.41 273 SE27A08 CEG RAV 4 76 Very good signal integrated throughout until decrease in Ce
NP12AP033 37.86 0.00 21.88 15.37 0.00 0.00 23.88 0.00 0.00 99.00 273 SE27A09 CEG RAV 1 14 Good first quarter integrated until another mineral is clearly ablated
NP12AP033 37.22 0.00 22.94 13.54 0.00 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 97.32 273 SE27A11 ASG RAV 4 42 Very good signal integrated after initial elevated K until both K and Sr increase
NP12AP033 38.08 0.00 22.92 14.48 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 99.07 273 SE27A13 ASG RAV 0 8 Poor, with variability in Mg and K, but a few slices with no detectable K integrated
NP12AP033 38.21 0.00 23.66 13.64 0.99 0.00 23.00 0.00 0.00 99.50 273 SE27A14 ASG RAV 1 10 Reasonable first few slices integrated until K increases
NP12AP033 37.97 0.00 22.50 14.98 0.00 0.00 23.73 0.00 0.00 99.19 273 SE27A19 ASG RAV 3 34 Very god first half of signal integrated until increase in Ce, Mg and La
NP12AP033 38.14 0.00 23.58 13.64 0.57 0.00 23.31 0.00 0.00 99.24 273 SE27A22 ASG RAV 3 26 Very good section of signal integrated between spikes in Ce until step increase in La
NP12AP033 38.08 0.00 23.86 12.48 0.89 0.00 23.37 0.00 0.00 98.68 273 SE27A23 ASG RAV 1 19 Reasonable section of signal integrated between variability in Mg, K and Ce
NP12AP036 38.06 0.00 20.27 16.07 0.00 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 98.06 300 SE27B06 BIG V 4 62 Excellent signal integrated after initial irregular pick-up to different elements
NP12AP036 37.69 0.00 19.99 16.06 0.44 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.00 97.68 300 SE27B07 BIG V 2 26 First half of signal good after irregular detection/pick-up initially, only minor increase in La throughout
NP12AP036 37.71 0.00 20.63 15.86 0.00 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 97.68 300 SE27B08 BIG V 2 27 God middle section to signal integrated between inclusions indicated by elevated La
NP12AP036 37.37 0.00 20.41 15.53 0.36 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 97.12 300 SE27B09 BIG V 4 47 Excellent first half of signal integrated until Sr, Ce and La increase
604
NP12AP036 38.21 0.00 20.24 16.57 0.00 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 98.42 300 SE27B10 BIG V 4 96 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP036 37.18 0.00 19.63 16.90 0.00 0.00 23.14 0.00 0.00 96.85 300 SE27B12 BIG V 4 65 Excellent first half of signal integrated until Ce begins to increase
NP12AP036 38.33 0.00 20.37 16.20 0.46 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 98.75 300 SE27B14 BIG V 2 23 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in U and decrease in Mn
NP12AP036 37.97 0.00 21.11 15.73 0.89 0.00 22.72 0.00 0.00 98.42 300 SE27B15 BIG V 1 12 Good first quarter of signal integrated until Mg & K increase indicating inclusions
NP12AP036 38.06 0.00 20.12 16.96 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 98.73 300 SE27B18 BIG V 4 55 Excellent smooth last half of signal integrated after initial irregular Mg and Sr
NP12AP036 38.21 0.00 19.86 17.01 0.00 0.00 23.52 0.00 0.00 98.60 300 SE27B19 BIG V 4 96 Very good signal integrated throughout, minor variability in Pb
NP12AP036 38.31 0.00 20.54 16.11 0.44 0.00 23.39 0.00 0.00 98.80 300 SE27B20 BIG V 4 99 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP036 37.97 0.00 20.54 16.96 0.00 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 99.08 300 SE27B21 BIG V 1 16 Poor, but smooth section of signal between spikes in Ce integrated
NP12AP036 37.56 0.00 21.11 16.34 0.58 0.00 22.85 0.00 0.00 98.44 300 SE27B22 BIG V 1 21 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated in section with smooth Ce and before large spike in Zn
NP12AP036 38.16 0.00 20.22 16.50 0.00 0.00 23.44 0.00 0.00 98.32 300 SE27B23 BIG V 3 38 Good first half of signal integrated until K increases
NP12AP039 38.25 0.00 22.28 13.94 0.00 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 98.04 266 SE27C01 ASG V 1 13 Poor, very last few slices integrated following a series of irregular Ce, Na, K and Cu
NP12AP039 38.72 0.00 22.09 13.50 0.53 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 98.49 266 SE27C02 ASG V 1 24 Very poor, with variability throughout, but last quarter with low K integrated
NP12AP039 38.08 0.00 22.13 14.17 0.66 0.00 23.31 0.00 0.00 98.34 266 SE27C03 ASG V 3 32 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial Mg rich inclusion until Sr decreases and K and Ba increase
NP12AP039 38.06 0.00 20.69 15.66 0.00 0.51 22.95 0.00 0.00 97.86 266 SE27C05 ASG V 1 14 Poor, but small smooth section integrated in third section which appears inclusion free
NP12AP039 38.40 0.00 23.11 12.71 1.03 0.00 22.92 0.00 0.00 98.17 266 SE27C08 ASG V 0 12 Poor, K present throughout with Variable Mg, section with lowest K integrated
NP12AP039 38.51 0.00 23.15 12.22 1.55 0.00 22.36 0.00 0.00 97.78 266 SE27C10 ASG V 1 10 Good first quarter integrated until increase and variability in Mg and K
NP12AP039 38.14 0.00 21.86 13.57 0.00 0.00 23.46 0.00 0.00 97.04 266 SE27C11 ASG V 1 10 Poor, but some of first quarter usable after initial irregular detection until K is detected
NP12AP039 38.98 0.00 22.73 13.07 0.75 0.00 23.44 0.00 0.00 98.96 266 SE27C13 ASG V 0 7 Poor, but smoothest part of first quarter signal integrated
NP12AP039 38.27 0.00 21.62 14.61 0.00 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.00 98.00 266 SE27C15 ASG V 0 9 Poor, with K variable and present throughout, but small section of last quarter signal integrated with lowest K after Ce rich inclusion
NP12AP039 38.03 0.00 23.22 12.45 0.45 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 97.51 266 SE27C16 ASG V 0 5 Appears good, but K is detected and variable throughout, some of last quarter with low K integrated
NP12AP045 37.95 0.00 23.01 13.98 0.00 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 98.33 311 SE28B01 CEG V 4 68 Good first three quarters of signal integrated until K is detected, some minor variability in Sr throughout
NP12AP045 38.09 0.00 24.26 12.46 0.71 0.00 23.10 0.00 0.00 98.61 311 SE28B02 CEG V 4 98 Very good throughout in all elements except for Ce which shows minor variability, integrated whole signal anyway to average this
NP12AP045 37.56 0.00 22.37 14.65 0.45 0.00 23.34 0.00 0.00 98.38 311 SE28B07 CEG V 2 26 Reasonable smooth first quarter of signal integrated until decrease in Y and Ce
NP12AP045 37.84 0.00 24.45 12.15 0.87 0.00 23.21 0.00 0.00 98.52 311 SE28B08 CEG V 1 16 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until obvious inclusions with spikes in K and Mg are encountered
NP12AP045 37.05 0.00 23.45 12.02 0.98 0.00 22.35 0.00 0.00 95.85 311 SE28B09 CEG V 0 10 Poor, with highly irregular Ce, but section with lowest Ce integrated
NP12AP045 37.86 0.00 24.17 12.24 0.85 0.00 23.30 0.00 0.00 98.42 311 SE28B12 CEG V 1 14 Reasonable initial signal integrated until Ca begins to decrease
NP12AP045 38.14 0.00 24.36 12.32 0.75 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 99.15 311 SE28B13 CEG V 4 93 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP12AP045 38.23 0.40 24.43 12.42 0.67 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 99.82 311 SE28B14 CEG V 2 27 Good signal overall, but with Ce rich inclusion initially, integrated after drop off in Ce
Appendix I: Epidote trace element chemistry

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
Na Mg Al Si K Ti V Mn Fe Co Cu Zn As Sr Y Zr Mo Ag Sn Sb Ba La Ce Eu Yb Lu Hf Ta Au Tl Pb Bi Th U
NP12AP010 <54.3 915 124630 193538 185.6 15 16 1284 56538 0.5 <0.7 5.0 2.3 478 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP010 <26.6 1468 123454 188209 9.4 17 35 2809 56314 0.6 <0.4 7.0 1.4 666 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.3 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 6.9 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP010 <33.8 1150 126246 198556 <10.1 33 34 2606 60553 0.5 <0.5 6.6 2.8 573 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 <0.1 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 5.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP010 <28.1 630 120187 186316 <6.7 51 54 1635 54126 0.4 <0.3 6.7 3.6 666 0.2 0.0 0.0 <0.0 1.3 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 13.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP010 <81.2 869 127807 190540 228.7 3 78 2465 59681 0.5 <0.7 6.3 1.8 549 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.2 <0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.3 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP010 <26.0 793 122633 194494 <6.7 8 20 1732 59098 0.3 <0.4 4.7 1.2 470 0.2 0.1 0.0 <0.0 1.3 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 4.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP010 <33.3 918 117638 178916 <7.8 6 36 2142 55762 0.4 <0.5 7.4 1.6 676 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 5.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP010 <44.0 656 129544 191197 71.8 98 47 1919 54007 0.5 <0.5 6.1 2.8 443 0.4 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.9 <0.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 3.3 <0.2 0.0 <0.0
NP12AP010 <31.2 1175 122478 199264 <7.1 6 66 2390 63464 0.6 <0.4 6.9 1.7 634 0.3 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.1 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 6.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP010 <35.6 1328 110461 178234 184.6 18 9 3032 67127 0.8 <0.7 8.5 2.2 655 0.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 1.6 0.4 1.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 9.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP010 107.2 868 118803 191772 64.0 21 32 1976 60842 0.5 <0.4 6.5 2.8 460 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 <0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 4.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP010 <41.4 1178 124877 205630 42.1 3 25 1428 65906 0.5 <0.6 5.1 1.4 405 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 4.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP033 <37.7 1058 126395 199859 <7.5 265 281 3379 47346 0.7 <0.3 14.6 4.1 557 0.6 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.5 <0.1 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 26.6 <0.1 0.0 0.0
NP12AP033 <37.9 524 123938 191369 <8.9 638 417 3817 44670 0.5 <0.4 7.1 5.1 1275 2.9 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.8 0.8 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.6 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 0.0 33.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP033 <26.5 350 122739 195365 <6.8 292 524 7703 51707 0.4 <0.2 7.9 1.4 2370 2.7 0.8 0.2 <0.0 1.9 0.1 7.4 1.4 2.3 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0 15.6 0.4 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP033 <35.4 575 123819 196177 44.8 314 416 3654 49531 0.6 <0.4 9.8 3.8 1230 2.9 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.3 0.2 3.4 2.7 4.3 1.9 0.3 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 12.4 <0.1 0.0 0.4
NP12AP033 <38.3 680 130384 203542 18.3 427 233 3965 47127 0.5 <0.4 13.3 12.5 1221 1.6 0.4 0.1 <0.0 1.7 6.9 0.3 1.4 2.7 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 56.5 <0.1 0.1 0.1
NP12AP033 <46.7 373 134450 196186 58.4 372 577 4307 52495 0.4 <0.6 7.6 6.1 1917 6.3 2.7 0.2 <0.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.5 4.3 1.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 83.3 <0.1 0.1 0.3
NP12AP033 <39.8 387 127785 185263 95.5 402 530 3958 49574 0.3 <0.4 9.7 8.7 1811 11.9 2.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.9 3.5 1.9 8.5 15.2 2.1 1.1 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 95.8 <0.1 0.1 0.4
NP12AP033 <30.0 406 122454 195087 22.1 187 164 3755 54795 0.3 <0.3 5.7 2.1 1536 0.2 0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.8 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 40.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP033 <34.5 791 127560 193603 <8.2 470 226 3519 52762 0.5 <0.3 10.6 5.7 930 1.3 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 1.6 0.7 0.6 3.8 5.6 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 37.8 <0.1 0.1 0.1
NP12AP033 <49.6 286 129384 200309 <10.1 800 359 4985 52870 0.3 <0.5 2.9 2.9 2896 1.0 8.0 0.2 <0.0 2.1 0.2 1.7 1.5 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 28.1 <0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP036 <41.2 320 109788 195172 <8.9 335 338 2491 72810 0.3 <0.3 9.3 3.5 575 144.4 0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.5 <0.1 0.2 30.5 46.7 14.1 11.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 13.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP036 <41.5 421 111340 193321 <7.7 153 394 2523 63020 0.2 <0.4 9.6 9.7 763 86.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 2.2 1.4 1.1 39.0 75.3 7.4 7.2 0.9 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 25.8 <0.1 0.0 0.4
NP12AP036 <36.4 427 113249 182096 <8.7 359 386 2161 64073 0.3 <0.4 8.3 5.0 349 46.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.6 <0.2 0.3 7.4 15.5 4.3 3.8 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 12.3 <0.1 0.0 0.2
NP12AP036 <36.3 552 121700 196595 <8.0 308 400 5933 62231 0.4 <0.4 11.9 13.6 924 49.4 0.0 0.1 <0.0 2.4 0.5 2.3 25.0 44.8 5.3 4.9 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 21.2 0.1 <0.0 0.2
605
NP12AP036 <34.1 592 114143 194573 <5.3 397 257 2896 71023 0.3 <0.4 10.0 3.2 648 43.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.2 0.2 0.5 15.8 25.5 5.9 2.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 14.7 <0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP036 <37.3 541 106805 187888 <9.0 553 201 3425 69904 0.3 <0.4 10.3 3.2 634 22.9 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 0.6 7.4 10.3 4.7 2.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 16.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP036 <37.6 454 119233 203778 <13.2 159 210 8080 68333 0.3 <0.5 11.7 13.0 1403 45.9 0.1 0.2 <0.0 1.7 1.1 2.1 51.0 86.7 6.2 4.5 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 28.6 <0.1 0.1 0.3
NP12AP036 <77.0 374 112375 185911 <13.0 130 224 6128 72790 0.3 <0.7 9.6 13.2 1376 58.3 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.6 1.4 2.6 56.1 105.4 5.9 6.0 0.9 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 29.1 <0.2 0.1 0.2
NP12AP036 <69.3 369 110501 192009 <15.3 1023 216 1915 71234 0.4 <0.7 9.3 3.3 358 52.9 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 1.1 <0.2 0.2 7.8 14.4 5.0 4.9 0.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 9.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP036 <35.1 367 110339 189715 <10.1 504 158 2993 68787 0.2 <0.5 8.2 5.0 1035 24.3 0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.6 1.4 1.8 3.9 5.0 5.1 3.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 26.9 <0.1 0.0 0.4
NP12AP036 <34.9 451 109895 183560 <7.6 233 188 2087 65467 0.3 <0.4 9.2 7.9 305 35.8 0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.2 <0.1 0.3 11.4 25.4 2.9 3.8 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 11.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP036 <57.9 590 113792 201522 <12.6 301 289 2488 73782 0.2 <0.8 10.2 6.0 422 6.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.3 <0.1 0.6 4.0 5.4 3.0 0.6 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 14.8 <0.2 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP036 <49.3 475 108033 176696 <9.3 397 248 3709 66944 0.2 <0.5 13.4 11.0 766 56.8 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.6 1.2 1.1 33.7 72.4 4.2 3.6 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 23.1 <0.1 0.2 0.4
NP12AP036 <38.0 428 106295 179421 <8.0 231 263 3325 69341 0.2 <0.5 10.9 7.8 1348 40.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 0.8 1.3 18.8 41.5 4.9 2.9 0.5 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 19.9 0.1 0.0 1.0
NP12AP039 316.7 1109 126776 205792 199.0 481 393 4957 57767 0.4 5.5 19.7 25.5 2078 10.2 0.7 0.6 <0.1 2.5 10.3 6.6 7.7 14.1 0.7 1.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 35.7 <0.2 0.2 0.1
NP12AP039 85.0 934 124719 185654 35.8 389 596 4330 53383 0.0 0.9 21.2 29.6 3030 11.9 1.2 0.1 <0.0 2.5 17.0 5.9 19.5 35.6 2.2 1.4 0.3 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 37.9 0.2 0.1 0.4
NP12AP039 <33.4 1078 120945 189053 13.3 171 321 3312 59549 0.0 0.6 15.4 18.3 938 5.2 0.7 0.1 <0.0 2.1 2.1 1.1 10.5 17.9 2.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 18.6 <0.1 0.0 0.1
NP12AP039 <50.1 811 112808 200239 <11.4 460 351 2676 73527 0.1 <0.7 10.1 16.8 754 15.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 2.7 1.4 1.7 9.6 16.6 4.6 1.4 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 16.0 <0.2 0.0 0.1
NP12AP039 <54.5 1113 120505 193958 255.5 529 530 5600 53775 0.2 <0.8 18.0 4.6 1744 7.6 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 2.3 3.5 2.2 8.2 16.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 31.7 <0.1 0.1 0.1
NP12AP039 <42.5 715 123929 178141 39.7 653 502 4436 48886 0.3 <0.5 18.8 22.6 1626 88.5 1.3 0.1 <0.0 2.7 4.4 4.0 36.5 76.8 8.5 7.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 27.9 <0.1 0.1 0.4
NP12AP039 <46.2 495 123969 176180 26.8 53 54 2096 50339 0.8 <0.6 57.4 49.1 1427 3.9 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.4 23.9 3.4 3.5 7.4 0.9 0.4 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 17.4 <0.2 0.0 0.3
NP12AP039 <56.4 1187 132122 199589 38.8 366 497 4818 62063 0.2 <0.8 19.8 17.5 2321 54.6 2.2 0.2 <0.1 2.1 5.3 4.9 61.0 120.5 2.1 4.2 0.5 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 28.3 0.2 0.1 0.6
NP12AP039 <92.1 1320 114030 191373 232.1 160 567 4155 66726 <0.1 <1.1 16.9 36.2 1125 12.5 0.3 0.2 <0.0 3.9 2.8 4.3 18.1 30.3 2.3 1.6 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 23.8 <0.2 0.0 0.1
NP12AP039 <105.7 1005 120958 210790 172.1 86 295 2189 62286 0.1 <1.2 8.0 13.3 1435 0.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2.9 2.0 1.8 1.2 2.3 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 7.1 <0.3 0.1 0.1
NP12AP045 157.3 214 129858 198721 11.4 425 265 6271 63178 0.1 <0.4 8.1 3.2 1659 24.9 0.5 0.1 <0.0 1.7 3.5 0.8 24.5 39.5 5.8 2.5 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 55.1 0.1 0.0 0.2
NP12AP045 <27.9 178 128313 198868 <6.3 327 485 8350 59569 0.1 <0.5 6.2 2.8 4645 17.9 0.4 0.2 <0.0 2.1 5.4 1.8 20.1 28.0 7.1 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 66.3 0.2 <0.0 0.7
NP12AP045 <40.0 241 121699 192527 17.7 279 392 4901 69956 0.2 <0.5 6.4 2.1 2863 84.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.4 0.9 1.3 29.4 45.8 12.8 7.6 1.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 20.3 0.3 <0.0 1.7
NP12AP045 <47.6 348 128287 190908 <9.5 581 452 10002 53974 0.2 <0.7 14.6 6.3 4004 11.7 0.3 0.3 <0.0 2.1 8.6 0.8 24.8 37.5 5.7 1.2 0.2 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 75.4 <0.1 <0.0 0.7
NP12AP045 <51.1 173 121909 166755 <12.9 971 559 5693 53126 0.0 <0.7 2.8 1.2 2511 2.5 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 3.1 0.3 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 4.1 2.2 0.0 0.3
NP12AP045 <55.5 227 137255 201499 <9.6 276 597 6362 61050 0.1 <0.6 4.2 1.3 1627 6.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.8 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 4.8 1.8 <0.0 2.2
NP12AP045 <71.8 211 139379 201624 <14.8 300 583 5414 58470 0.1 <0.8 3.0 3.9 1573 0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.9 1.2 0.4 <0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 9.3 3.3 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP045 <87.5 203 132411 200296 <17.7 1293 629 6569 62684 <0.1 <1.2 3.4 <1.5 2318 10.0 0.6 <0.2 <0.1 10.9 0.5 1.0 4.3 5.1 0.8 1.3 0.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.3 2.8 <0.0 1.7

(oC)
NP12AP045 38.23 0.00 24.20 12.24 0.54 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.00 98.72 311 SE28B16 CEG V 0 12 Poor, with rapid drop off in most elements after first few slices, integrated until this point
NP12AP055 37.84 0.00 22.56 12.35 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 96.43 311 SE27D03 ASG R 1 10 Poor, but small part of third quarter with smooth and low K and Mg integrated, rest of signal shows highly variable K and Mg
NP12AP055 37.71 0.00 22.92 12.14 0.63 0.00 22.70 0.00 0.00 96.10 311 SE27D04 ASG R 2 17 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until Ce, Y and La increase followed by K and Mg
NP12AP055 38.10 0.00 21.88 13.61 0.00 0.00 23.24 0.00 0.00 96.83 311 SE27D05 ASG R 2 21 Initial signal integrated until Ce, Y and La increase systematically followed by Mg and K
NP12AP055 38.14 0.00 22.41 13.71 0.46 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 98.30 311 SE27D06 ASG R 0 12 Poor, as La and Ce are variable but all other elements are good throughout, section with low Ce and La integrated
NP12AP055 37.37 0.00 23.45 11.27 0.57 0.00 23.00 0.00 0.00 95.66 311 SE27D08 ASG R 1 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated but does have high U
NP12AP055 37.22 0.00 21.26 13.94 0.00 0.00 23.00 0.00 0.00 95.42 311 SE27D09 ASG R 1 14 Good first quarter of signal integrated until Mg increases
NP12AP055 38.38 0.00 22.73 13.35 0.48 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 98.64 311 SE27D10 ASG R 1 14 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in K, Mg, La, Y and Ce indicating ablation of inclusion
NP12AP055 37.33 0.00 21.65 14.28 0.94 0.00 22.56 0.00 0.00 96.76 311 SE27D12 ASG R 2 29 Good second quarter of signal integrated until slight step decrease in Al and Sr
NP12AP055 37.91 0.00 22.28 12.91 0.59 0.00 23.13 0.00 0.00 96.82 311 SE27D14 ASG R 3 31 Very good middle of signal integrated following initial elevated Ce and La until small increase in Sr
NP12AP055 37.91 0.00 23.52 12.11 0.84 0.00 22.78 0.00 0.00 97.16 311 SE27D16 ASG R 2 17 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initially elevated Ce and La until large step increase in K
NP12AP055 37.91 0.00 24.15 10.97 0.54 0.00 22.93 0.00 0.00 96.50 311 SE27D17 ASG R 3 38 Perfect first half of signal integrated until detection of K
NP12AP062 38.18 0.00 23.20 13.37 0.37 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 98.89 306 JA14A07 BIG V 3 31 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Y , Zr, Bi, K and Sr
NP12AP062 37.67 0.00 22.90 13.88 0.41 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 98.63 306 JA14A12 BIG V 4 40 Very good first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La and Y with bump in Mg and K; however very minor K present
NP12AP062 37.91 0.00 23.28 13.34 0.00 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 97.97 306 JA14A13 BIG V 1 14 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K, Ce, La and Y
NP12AP062 37.95 0.00 22.94 13.90 0.00 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 98.54 306 JA14A15 BIG V 2 23 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ce and La, Y, U, Eu and K
NP12AP062 38.01 0.00 21.96 15.40 0.40 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 99.44 306 JA14A17 BIG V 1 11 Good few slices in first to second quarter of signal integrated after initial bumps in K until large increase in Sr, Mn, Mg and K
NP12AP062 37.59 0.00 21.73 15.15 0.49 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 98.52 306 JA14A19 BIG V 2 29 Very good first half of signal integrated until step increase in K, Mg, Ce, La and Y
NP12AP062 37.97 0.00 21.60 15.30 0.34 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 98.76 306 JA14A20 BIG V 2 24 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initial spike in Ce and K until increase in Ce, La, Y, K, Sr and Mn
NP12AP062 37.74 0.00 22.07 14.80 0.80 0.00 23.28 0.00 0.00 98.69 306 JA14A21 BIG V 0 6 Poor owing to minor K throughout, but some slices with near background K integrated in middle section of signal
NP12AP062 37.29 0.00 22.75 13.83 0.39 0.00 23.60 0.00 0.00 97.85 306 JA14A22 BIG V 0 8 Reasonable slices integrated in third quarter of signal in-between otherwise elevated Ce, La and Y
NP12AP062 37.48 0.00 22.67 13.75 1.51 0.00 22.44 0.00 0.00 97.86 306 JA14A23 BIG V 0 6 First few slices only integrated until grain is clearly ablated through
NP12AP062 37.01 0.00 21.28 15.87 0.40 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 97.91 306 JA14A24 BIG V 1 10 Reasonable first few slices integrated until increase in Y followed by Ce, La, Mg, K and Mn
NP12AP062 37.52 0.00 21.56 15.70 0.45 0.00 23.30 0.00 0.00 98.53 306 JA14A25 BIG V 4 84 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until detection of K and increase in Ce and La
NP12AP062 37.56 0.00 21.43 15.58 0.53 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 98.46 306 JA14A26 BIG V 2 28 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce and La
NP12AP062 37.61 0.00 21.09 16.36 0.00 0.00 23.42 0.00 0.00 98.47 306 JA14A27 BIG V 1 14 Good slices integrated in middle section of signal after initial elevated bump in Ce, La, Y and Sr until detection of K
606
NP12AP062 38.18 0.00 23.11 14.18 0.36 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 99.46 306 JA14A28 BIG V 0 8 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Ce, Y and La
NP12AP062 37.48 0.00 21.96 15.81 0.00 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 99.19 306 JA14A29 BIG V 1 18 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Y and Eu
NP12AP064 38.55 0.00 24.37 12.37 0.75 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 99.52 301 SE28C01 BIG V 1 12 Good first quarter of signal integrated between only minor blips in K
NP12AP064 37.91 0.00 24.49 12.44 0.70 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 99.12 301 SE28C02 BIG V 0 6 Poor, but smooth section with no detectable K integrated in first quarter
NP12AP064 38.42 0.00 23.07 15.03 0.53 0.00 24.12 0.00 0.00 101.17 301 SE28C03 BIG V 1 10 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initially irregular K until increase in Ce.
NP12AP064 37.71 0.00 22.01 15.81 0.00 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 99.30 301 SE28C04 BIG V 4 42 Excellent first half of signal integrated until spike in K
NP12AP064 37.67 0.00 21.90 15.58 0.00 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 98.81 301 SE28C05 BIG V 0 8 First few slices integrated before systematic increase in K throughout
NP12AP064 37.56 0.00 21.75 15.94 0.00 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 99.07 301 SE28C06 BIG V 1 10 Integrated following initial Ce rich inclusion until spike in K, a few clean slices
NP12AP064 38.16 0.00 21.92 15.97 0.81 0.00 22.95 0.00 0.00 99.81 301 SE28C07 BIG V 1 10 Reasonable first quarter slices integrated until increase in K and Ce
NP12AP064 38.25 0.00 23.20 14.93 1.94 0.00 22.15 0.00 0.00 100.46 301 SE28C08 BIG V 1 10 Good first quarter slices integrated after initially elevated Ce decreases until large step increase in K
NP12AP064 38.31 0.00 22.43 15.60 0.00 0.00 24.02 0.00 0.00 100.36 301 SE28C09 BIG V 1 12 Good third quarter of signal with low Ce integrated until K increases
NP12AP064 37.71 0.00 22.01 15.81 0.00 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 99.30 301 SE28C13 BIG V 1 19 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated after initially elevated K until Ce increases
NP12AP064 37.61 0.00 22.11 15.27 0.57 0.00 23.07 0.00 0.00 98.62 301 SE28C14 BIG V 1 12 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated between spikes in K
NP12AP064 37.46 0.00 22.11 16.17 0.48 0.00 23.63 0.00 0.00 99.84 301 SE28C15 BIG V 0 8 Poor, a few slices in first quarter with low K integrated, remaining signal K contaminated.
NP12AP073 37.99 0.00 23.64 11.22 1.03 0.00 22.56 0.00 0.00 96.44 302 SE28D02 BIG V 1 11 Very good first quarter to signal integrated until K and Mg increase slightly followed by Eu
NP12AP073 37.63 0.00 21.99 14.01 0.34 0.00 23.49 0.00 0.00 97.46 302 SE28D07 BIG V 3 32 Very good signal throughout, but integrated largest section between very minor spikes in K
NP12AP073 37.24 0.00 21.12 14.21 0.00 0.00 22.50 0.00 0.00 95.08 302 SE28D10 BIG V 1 18 Good first quarter integrated until K is detected
NP12AP073 38.03 0.00 21.07 14.17 0.40 0.00 23.09 0.00 0.00 96.76 302 SE28D11 BIG V 3 30 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce
NP12AP073 37.63 0.00 20.94 15.37 0.00 0.00 23.07 0.00 0.00 97.01 302 SE28D14 BIG V 2 20 Very good first quarter f signal integrated until K and Mg begin to continually increase
NP12AP073 38.21 0.32 23.17 11.64 0.76 0.00 22.67 0.00 0.00 96.75 302 SE28D16 BIG V 4 43 Very good middle section of signal integrated following initially elevated Mg and Sr until small increase in Ce
NP12AP093 38.01 0.00 23.64 13.15 0.37 0.00 23.27 0.00 0.00 98.45 314 JA09A07 CEG R 4 35 Good first half f signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Sb and Mg; however elevated Zr throughout
NP12AP093 38.01 0.00 23.64 13.15 0.37 0.00 23.27 0.00 0.00 98.45 314 JA09A08 CEG R 1 19 Good first quarter of signal integrated until decrease in Sb and detection of K; however elevated Zr
NP12AP093 38.59 0.00 24.15 12.85 0.00 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 99.42 314 JA09A09 CEG R 4 42 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated K until increase in Zr, Y and Ce
NP12AP093 37.94 0.14 23.12 13.39 0.17 0.00 23.61 0.00 0.00 98.37 314 JA09A11 CEG R 0 6 Good but limited slices integrated in first half of signal after highly elevated Ce, La, Y and U until K is detected
NP12AP093 37.62 0.07 23.09 13.39 0.19 0.00 23.40 0.00 0.00 97.75 314 JA09A16 CEG R 1 16 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until beginning of continual increase in Ce, La, Y, K, Mg, Eu and U
NP12AP093 37.78 0.00 24.15 12.01 0.59 0.00 23.44 0.00 0.00 97.97 314 JA09A17 CEG R 1 15 Reasonable slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in K until increase in Pb, K, Na, Mg, La, Eu and U
NP12AP093 37.91 0.00 24.85 11.98 0.37 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 98.66 314 JA09A19 CEG R 3 37 Good first half of signal integrated until increase in Ti and decrease in Sr, Ba and K
NP12AP093 37.91 0.00 24.85 11.98 0.37 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 98.66 314 JA09A20 CEG R 4 40 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP12AP045 <40.7 537 123795 190463 <8.2 273 539 3600 58510 0.2 <0.5 12.5 7.3 379 43.5 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.5 1.0 0.2 18.2 47.3 2.1 6.9 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 31.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP055 <54.5 508 122723 194993 49.3 365 191 3655 65504 0.5 <0.7 8.3 5.3 1322 0.4 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 2.0 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 33.7 0.4 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP055 <39.6 445 126246 187129 <7.2 477 210 4574 54505 0.5 <0.5 15.7 6.5 1390 8.5 2.9 0.1 <0.0 1.5 3.8 2.9 1.6 3.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 46.2 0.2 <0.0 0.8
NP12AP055 <48.4 451 123352 187594 <10.6 207 250 4616 62143 0.6 <0.7 11.4 2.9 1672 0.6 0.9 0.1 <0.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 2.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 32.1 0.3 0.0 0.2
NP12AP055 <90.3 414 122391 196920 29.6 206 261 4314 68593 0.7 <1.1 14.1 2.8 1533 0.2 2.2 <0.1 <0.0 1.1 0.8 3.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 42.6 0.5 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP055 <49.5 485 123476 177205 <11.3 195 381 4377 53941 0.4 <0.8 11.7 5.7 995 1.8 0.3 0.1 <0.0 2.3 2.5 3.1 1.9 2.9 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 37.3 0.2 0.0 1.6
NP12AP055 <45.9 204 114605 182433 <12.0 165 404 3104 62657 0.3 <0.8 6.0 2.0 1629 1.5 0.1 0.1 <0.0 4.2 1.0 2.5 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 64.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.1
NP12AP055 <65.0 709 120968 194234 15.3 557 387 4451 59227 0.9 <0.8 23.2 3.7 769 3.4 5.0 0.1 <0.0 2.1 1.1 0.6 1.9 4.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 21.5 0.3 0.1 1.3
NP12AP055 37.3 678 116126 190916 16.6 1076 359 5283 67009 0.6 <0.4 15.5 2.1 1357 1.6 4.1 0.1 <0.0 1.1 0.4 1.9 7.1 9.3 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 37.8 0.4 0.0 0.4
NP12AP055 <42.2 628 126348 207534 <8.2 418 250 5249 66827 0.9 <0.6 18.6 2.9 1079 1.5 1.4 0.1 <0.0 1.6 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.7 0.4 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 30.2 0.4 <0.0 0.4
NP12AP055 <35.0 742 131487 180869 50.7 317 115 4286 57734 0.4 <0.7 8.9 3.8 1070 1.4 0.2 0.1 <0.0 1.8 0.5 1.4 2.3 5.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 18.4 <0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP055 <29.1 467 129930 191488 23.0 360 153 4440 56144 0.5 <0.5 12.2 5.3 1497 6.1 3.7 0.1 <0.0 1.1 4.9 4.1 7.0 13.0 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 47.5 0.3 0.3 0.9
NP12AP062 <4.6 732 129875 196561 38.6 1213 506 3730 39957 0.5 <0.5 8.7 5.1 894 1.2 0.7 <0.2 <0.1 2.4 0.8 2.2 1.6 2.6 0.5 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 19.8 0.3 0.0 0.2
NP12AP062 <4.3 865 125217 190000 17.2 408 334 3707 42754 0.6 <0.5 12.7 3.3 804 1.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.6 0.5 1.2 1.0 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 18.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP062 <6.9 967 125299 187025 <13.4 856 374 3587 38058 0.6 <0.7 9.6 2.5 867 0.8 0.1 <0.3 <0.1 1.8 0.5 3.2 2.0 2.9 0.3 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 13.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP12AP062 <6.2 867 126939 186451 <11.1 477 308 3540 41688 0.4 <0.5 13.3 3.2 702 0.1 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 2.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 12.9 <0.0 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP062 <7.2 718 125341 181781 <15.6 179 386 3682 43659 0.4 <0.7 12.1 4.1 1049 3.9 <0.2 <0.4 <0.1 2.1 0.6 3.0 9.5 17.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 28.7 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP062 <5.2 1168 124764 194450 <6.5 356 592 4287 45666 0.4 <0.5 18.8 5.8 765 0.7 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.2 0.7 1.1 1.1 2.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 25.4 <0.0 0.0 0.1
NP12AP062 <6.3 816 121508 191180 <10.0 399 755 3482 49332 0.4 <0.7 11.0 2.7 609 0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.3 <0.2 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 20.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 <12.1 966 125527 199452 84.3 392 654 3922 46215 <0.4 <1.4 14.8 3.3 1005 0.5 <0.2 <0.4 <0.2 2.7 0.4 2.9 3.3 5.0 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 43.6 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP062 <10.0 563 124732 203261 <16.3 227 343 2833 47535 0.5 <0.9 9.2 <2.6 1969 0.3 <0.2 <0.3 <0.1 3.1 1.8 3.8 0.8 1.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 48.9 0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP12AP062 <8.8 228 111669 170158 <14.1 170 233 12552 43001 <0.4 <0.8 8.4 <1.9 2333 0.4 0.9 <0.4 <0.1 <0.9 <0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 19.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.0
NP12AP062 <6.3 358 122720 180142 <8.3 237 398 3362 45745 0.5 <0.7 7.5 <1.4 2176 1.2 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 0.4 2.1 5.6 8.8 0.8 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 34.9 0.3 0.1 0.3
NP12AP062 4.3 934 127845 186318 <6.9 556 355 7684 43879 <0.2 <0.4 17.0 5.7 1288 0.6 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.8 0.7 2.1 0.8 1.4 0.3 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 42.5 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP12AP062 <6.5 835 121338 189694 <9.9 400 508 4838 50891 0.5 <0.7 13.2 3.4 524 0.1 <0.2 <0.3 <0.1 2.5 <0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 12.5 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0
NP12AP062 <7.2 826 120485 182863 <8.8 701 419 3540 51649 0.4 <0.8 10.1 <1.5 1147 0.8 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 2.4 0.3 0.7 7.2 11.4 0.4 <0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 16.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.3
607
NP12AP062 <9.5 646 117708 175594 <11.9 222 312 3458 46136 0.5 <0.8 13.8 4.0 1154 0.5 <0.2 <0.4 <0.1 2.9 1.2 0.9 6.0 10.0 0.6 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 40.8 0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP12AP062 <7.7 680 118748 178054 <8.7 448 380 4525 46507 0.3 <0.5 12.0 3.8 855 4.7 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.8 <0.2 2.2 3.4 6.8 0.7 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 27.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP064 <54.2 303 123272 197076 <10.2 891 441 5323 69265 0.3 <0.6 7.2 1.4 2788 13.6 1.0 <0.1 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.3 1.9 4.1 0.9 1.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 33.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP12AP064 <64.9 247 112659 179693 65.3 568 716 4012 69804 0.2 <0.7 5.6 0.8 3245 5.3 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.2 <0.2 3.4 7.3 0.4 1.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 23.0 <0.2 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP064 <62.6 395 124751 192939 <11.0 1539 438 2291 75103 0.4 <1.0 7.0 2.5 499 5.8 0.2 0.1 <0.0 1.2 0.2 <0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 7.1 <0.2 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP064 <39.0 755 120771 187275 12.4 1045 231 3390 81778 0.4 <0.4 7.6 2.0 741 2.0 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 0.2 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 6.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP064 <46.0 500 101472 174027 <8.6 610 200 2588 75263 0.5 <0.6 6.3 3.2 487 1.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 4.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP064 <66.5 493 116507 206420 56.7 433 195 2767 84100 0.4 <1.1 6.1 3.6 440 6.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 1.8 <0.2 0.4 1.9 2.6 0.9 0.6 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 4.5 <0.2 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP064 <57.8 256 112813 188321 105.3 262 347 8288 77356 0.3 <0.7 6.9 2.9 2942 3.9 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 1.5 0.9 1.1 3.4 7.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 32.0 <0.2 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP064 <71.2 238 121109 188997 <14.5 124 102 6082 68772 0.1 <0.8 3.4 5.4 2179 5.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.9 2.3 1.3 0.6 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 16.8 <0.2 <0.0 0.6
NP12AP064 <89.6 257 133568 211664 <13.5 442 426 8362 78123 0.2 <0.7 6.1 <1.0 5471 5.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 2.2 <0.2 0.2 1.8 4.7 1.0 1.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 47.5 <0.2 <0.0 0.4
NP12AP064 <68.7 356 116459 193751 13.8 1351 518 2722 80568 0.2 <0.8 5.1 2.5 1050 11.4 1.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.7 0.3 <0.1 1.2 2.0 0.6 2.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 14.9 <0.2 <0.0 0.7
NP12AP064 <61.9 628 115175 188703 44.8 227 152 5085 76250 0.5 <0.9 8.6 10.1 1376 7.8 0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.3 0.5 1.5 7.0 9.4 1.9 0.9 0.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 17.6 <0.2 <0.0 0.6
NP12AP064 <81.2 430 115484 177149 90.3 609 388 2277 76086 0.3 <1.1 10.0 1.5 687 1.9 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 0.4 0.9 1.4 2.6 0.5 0.5 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 7.2 <0.2 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP073 <45.3 479 128926 175531 24.5 811 447 6975 59247 0.5 <0.5 12.1 2.1 1469 12.8 8.4 0.1 <0.0 1.1 0.8 0.4 12.4 28.8 0.7 1.1 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 24.9 0.5 0.0 0.4
NP12AP073 <62.6 391 117142 199401 <12.0 1564 518 1590 77785 0.5 <0.8 5.4 2.4 385 20.6 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 1.4 <0.2 <0.1 7.0 12.2 0.6 1.6 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 3.9 <0.1 0.1 0.7
NP12AP073 <43.4 570 113100 188003 7.8 317 215 3715 74243 0.8 <0.6 10.6 4.7 739 21.4 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 1.5 0.6 0.4 20.9 34.9 4.6 2.6 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 9.8 <0.1 0.0 0.2
NP12AP073 <40.1 335 112989 187584 <7.2 59 125 1378 80011 0.4 <0.4 3.8 2.8 285 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.4 <0.1 <0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 4.4 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP073 <42.2 424 106516 182062 <8.1 118 73 1665 80047 0.4 <0.5 8.5 0.8 517 2.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.5 <0.1 0.1 1.4 2.6 4.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 5.9 <0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP073 <63.1 452 127162 197665 <10.6 776 458 5976 60032 0.4 <0.8 8.3 <0.9 1153 9.0 9.6 <0.1 <0.0 1.9 0.4 0.3 10.5 19.7 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 20.5 0.5 0.1 0.7
NP12AP093 <5.5 199 128459 186941 <7.0 419 852 1270 40575 0.4 <0.5 2.7 7.5 3825 0.4 11.6 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 3.0 <0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 43.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP093 5.5 317 129332 180061 <7.3 432 816 3115 39090 0.9 <0.4 3.4 23.4 5653 0.2 7.0 <0.2 <0.0 1.0 10.7 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 37.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP093 <5.8 352 140891 204580 <8.4 1487 926 2959 40872 1.0 <0.5 5.1 1.3 880 0.4 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 5.4 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.1 2.0 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 14.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP093 <10.9 393 140431 197303 48.2 435 731 2229 38327 0.4 <1.3 5.1 25.4 3920 0.8 6.3 <0.3 <0.1 <1.0 29.2 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 71.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.5
NP12AP093 8.1 749 116459 179290 83.7 2744 2985 1460 40562 1.0 <0.5 5.0 5.2 2973 0.5 9.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.6 <0.1 2.1 0.4 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 56.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP093 6.8 486 127566 186093 43.8 1299 665 1544 39362 0.9 <0.7 5.7 2.9 1781 1.9 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 2.9 <0.1 2.3 0.7 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 34.6 0.0 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP093 <5.4 418 129466 192333 <7.6 1258 1429 2534 42410 0.7 <0.4 5.2 31.8 1175 0.3 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 2.3 4.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 67.1 0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP12AP093 <6.3 402 125673 196931 <10.5 2292 1660 1385 49768 0.3 <0.6 3.5 16.3 959 1.4 2.7 <0.3 <0.1 2.5 0.7 <0.3 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 32.9 0.1 <0.0 0.2

(oC)
NP12AP093 37.91 0.00 24.85 11.98 0.37 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 98.66 314 JA09A21 CEG R 1 18 Good first quarter of signal integrated until beginning of continual increase in Ce, La and U
NP12AP093 37.91 0.00 24.85 11.98 0.37 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 98.66 314 JA09A22 CEG R 4 68 Very good last three quarters of signal integrated after initial spike in Ce and La with elevated Pb
NP12AP093 37.91 0.00 24.85 11.98 0.37 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 98.66 314 JA09A24 CEG R 1 13 Very good last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce and La
NP12AP093 37.65 0.00 23.43 14.17 0.00 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 99.08 314 JA09A25 CEG R 2 21 Good slices in middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated U and Zr until large bump in Ce, La and Mg
NP12AP096 38.12 0.00 22.14 13.94 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 97.80 279 JA23B05 ASG R 1 16 Reasonable section, integrated after initial hump/inclusion rich in Ce until another grain is clearly penetrated.
NP12AP096 37.99 0.00 21.56 15.00 0.00 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 98.11 279 JA23B07 ASG R 1 12 Very good initial interval integrated until K appears in signal
NP12AP096 38.59 0.00 22.35 13.70 0.00 0.00 23.79 0.00 0.00 98.43 279 JA23B10 ASG R 1 10 Poor, but first few stable slices may be ok, does have some slightly elevated K though
NP12AP096 37.86 0.00 21.16 15.01 0.56 0.00 23.17 0.00 0.00 97.76 279 JA23B19 ASG R 1 19 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until K appears then suddenly increases.
NP12AP096 37.99 0.00 22.05 14.05 0.00 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 97.55 279 JA23B20 ASG R 0 8 Poor, but very first few slices integrated which appear reasonable apart from slightly elevated K
NP12AP096 37.50 0.00 20.63 15.78 1.55 0.00 22.35 0.00 0.00 97.81 279 JA23B21 ASG R 4 56 Very good signal, low K, with only some minor blips in Fe and Mg in integrated section.
NP12AP096 38.72 0.00 21.90 13.74 0.48 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 98.59 279 JA23B22 ASG R 0 8 Very good but limited number of slices
NP12AP096 38.33 0.00 22.09 14.10 0.53 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 98.63 279 JA23B25 ASG R 1 15 Good lattermost part of signal following previous irregularities in K and Sr
NP12AP096 37.59 0.00 21.48 14.31 0.56 0.00 22.92 0.00 0.00 96.85 279 JA23B29 ASG R 1 10 Good first quarter, although some minor K, integrated until K increases sharply.
NP12AP096 38.06 0.00 21.77 13.74 0.62 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 97.44 279 JA23B30 ASG R 1 10 Good small section of signal integrated between spikes in K after initial blip in Mg, Fe and Sr.
NP12AP098 37.80 0.00 21.26 15.05 0.00 0.00 23.20 0.00 0.00 97.31 275 JA23C06 BIG V 4 62 Perfect ablation signal integrated between initial slightly elevated Mg until spike/appearance of Na
NP12AP098 37.29 0.00 21.73 13.64 0.00 0.00 23.49 0.00 0.00 96.15 275 JA23C08 BIG V 1 16 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial hump in many elements until Sb increases.
NP12AP098 38.48 0.00 22.26 14.18 0.27 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 99.11 275 JA23C10 BIG V 4 100 Perfect signal throughout
NP12AP098 37.71 0.00 22.94 12.65 0.00 0.00 24.07 0.00 0.00 97.37 275 JA23C11 BIG V 2 28 Poor, as likely slightly contaminated throughout, but smooth section integrated.
NP12AP098 37.41 0.48 20.88 14.44 0.00 0.00 23.16 0.00 0.00 96.37 275 JA23C13 BIG V 4 95 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP098 37.71 0.00 22.94 12.65 0.00 0.00 24.07 0.00 0.00 97.37 275 JA23C14 BIG V 2 25 Very good initial signal integrated until gradual increase in Mn
NP12AP098 38.55 0.00 22.79 13.37 0.71 0.00 23.16 0.00 0.00 98.57 275 JA23C15 BIG V 2 22 Poor initially with much variation in Y and Sr, but some of last quarter of signal stable and integrated.
NP12AP098 38.74 0.00 24.56 11.21 0.00 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 98.26 275 JA23C17 BIG V 1 13 Reasonable section integrated in middle of signal between spikes in Ce and Y.
NP12AP098 37.99 0.45 21.73 14.04 0.00 0.00 23.49 0.00 0.00 97.70 275 JA23C19 BIG V 3 32 Reasonable signal integrated after initial elevated Ce until increase in V
NP12AP098 38.87 0.00 21.58 14.94 0.00 0.00 23.93 0.00 0.00 99.31 275 JA23C21 BIG V 3 37 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large sudden increase in Ce, La and Y
NP12AP098 37.86 0.00 21.45 14.51 0.67 0.00 23.31 0.00 0.00 97.80 275 JA23C23 BIG V 4 57 Excellent signal but very high in Bi and Y suggesting simply consistent contamination?
608
NP12AP098 37.65 0.00 21.24 14.37 0.00 0.00 23.20 0.00 0.00 96.46 275 JA23C28 BIG V 4 101 Again perfect signal throughout
NP12AP098 37.82 0.43 20.61 15.23 0.00 0.00 23.37 0.00 0.00 97.46 275 JA23C30 BIG V 4 53 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until sudden increase in K, Na, Ce, Y and La.
NP12AP099 37.26 0.00 19.75 16.68 0.57 0.00 22.64 0.00 0.00 96.90 287 JA17A11 ASG V 1 19 Good second quarter signal integrated between obvious inclusions with elevated K and Mg
NP12AP099 37.26 0.00 19.75 16.68 0.57 0.00 22.64 0.00 0.00 96.90 287 JA17A12 ASG V 1 10 Poor overall, but reasonable small section integrated between spikes in Mg
NP12AP099 37.76 0.00 22.50 13.31 0.00 0.00 23.42 0.00 0.00 96.99 287 JA17A19 ASG R 1 11 Poor, some possible ok slices in middle of signal integrated between spikes in K.
NP12AP099 36.86 0.00 24.07 11.14 0.00 0.00 23.27 0.00 0.00 95.34 287 JA17A23 ASG V 1 10 Reasonable first few slices integrated until Sb increases and Mg decreases
NP12AP099 37.01 0.00 21.88 13.54 0.00 0.00 23.28 0.00 0.00 95.71 287 JA17A25 ASG V 1 13 Good initial few slices integrated until Y increases as Pb and Ti decrease
NP12AP099 37.16 0.00 22.50 13.27 0.00 0.00 23.32 0.00 0.00 96.25 287 JA17A26 ASG V 1 15 Good section in first quarter of signal integrated until Sr increases subtly
NP12AP099 37.16 0.00 22.50 13.27 0.00 0.00 23.32 0.00 0.00 96.25 287 JA17A27 ASG V 1 16 Excellent first quarter integrated until K appears
NP12AP099 36.13 0.00 18.10 18.83 0.00 0.00 22.63 0.00 0.00 95.69 287 JA17A30 ASG V 1 11 Good first quarter signal integrated until increase in Mg
NP12AP108 37.41 0.00 23.17 14.45 0.43 0.00 23.21 0.00 0.00 98.67 290 JA09C02 BIG V 1 13 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce until increase in Mg, Ce and La
NP12AP108 37.43 0.10 22.53 14.01 0.49 0.00 22.94 0.00 0.00 97.49 290 JA09C03 BIG V 2 22 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce and until increase in Mg and detection of K
NP12AP108 37.76 0.00 24.11 12.18 0.35 0.00 23.37 0.00 0.00 97.76 290 JA09C04 BIG V 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Sb
NP12AP108 36.99 0.00 22.71 13.97 0.45 0.00 22.96 0.00 0.00 97.08 290 JA09C05 BIG V 1 13 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce until increase in Ce, La, Na and Y
NP12AP108 37.59 0.00 23.26 13.93 0.81 0.00 22.30 0.00 0.00 97.89 290 JA09C06 BIG V 0 7 Poor, but some slices integrated in first quarter of signal after initial elevated Mg until increase in Ce, La and Sr
NP12AP108 37.22 0.00 22.20 14.08 0.62 0.00 22.68 0.00 0.00 96.81 290 JA09C07 BIG V 2 24 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K until increase in Mg and step decrease in Sb and Ce
NP12AP108 37.26 0.00 22.79 14.64 1.08 0.00 22.68 0.00 0.00 98.46 290 JA09C08 BIG V 4 49 Good first half of signal integrated until detection of K and step increase in Mg and Na
NP12AP108 37.46 0.00 23.00 13.77 0.37 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 97.98 290 JA09C09 BIG V 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until detection of K and step decrease in Sb
NP12AP108 37.07 0.00 22.73 14.17 1.08 0.00 22.43 0.00 0.00 97.49 290 JA09C10 BIG V 4 52 Good first half of signal integrated until increase in Ce and Zr
NP12AP108 37.78 0.00 22.92 13.08 0.53 0.00 23.69 0.00 0.00 98.00 290 JA09C13 BIG V 2 24 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Sr, K, Ce, La, Y and Pb
NP12AP108 37.01 0.40 21.69 14.48 0.00 0.00 23.14 0.00 0.00 96.73 290 JA09C14 BIG V 3 34 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, U and La until spike in Mg and Zr
NP12AP108 37.01 0.40 21.69 14.48 0.00 0.00 23.14 0.00 0.00 96.73 290 JA09C15 BIG V 2 22 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and Mg
NP12AP108 37.01 0.73 20.63 15.10 0.00 0.00 23.34 0.00 0.00 96.81 290 JA09C17 BIG V 4 47 Good first half of signal integrated until step increase in Sr, Ce and La
NP12AP108 37.01 0.73 20.63 15.10 0.00 0.00 23.34 0.00 0.00 96.81 290 JA09C18 BIG V 1 11 Reasonable slices in first quarter integrated after initial spikes in V until increase in Ce, La and K
NP12AP108 37.50 0.00 23.69 11.14 0.67 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 96.82 290 JA09C19 BIG V 1 13 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La, Mg and K

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP12AP093 <6.8 440 124231 184366 <8.2 1572 1256 2835 40155 0.9 <0.5 7.8 9.1 1955 0.6 5.6 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 61.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP093 <6.5 247 129394 192460 <8.9 453 836 1352 46123 0.5 <0.5 3.0 12.3 3908 0.4 4.8 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 7.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 43.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP093 <14.5 272 127974 211541 <17.8 1062 1156 2050 50597 0.7 <1.5 4.2 26.5 911 1.2 3.4 <0.4 <0.1 2.4 2.6 <0.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 42.0 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP093 <8.2 434 132786 197641 <12.7 589 1185 1453 46105 0.8 <1.0 3.2 5.9 2564 0.1 12.3 <0.3 <0.1 3.0 0.6 <0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 67.8 0.2 <0.1 0.4
NP12AP096 <10.3 250 129278 182660 <7.2 188 251 3910 63504 0.3 <0.3 4.7 5.9 1944 4.5 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 1.8 1.2 3.1 1.9 2.8 1.2 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 43.7 0.2 0.0 0.3
NP12AP096 <9.0 620 126838 184582 <7.9 82 119 9406 72720 0.6 <0.3 7.4 2.7 1315 0.3 0.1 0.1 <0 0.9 0.5 4.8 0.9 1.5 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 30.9 0.3 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP096 88.9 618 124394 181073 61.5 819 206 1343 62094 1.8 <0.3 15.1 9.5 1606 1.7 3.7 <0.1 <0.0 2.0 0.7 5.4 3.5 5.9 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.2 0.1 0.4 0.4
NP12AP096 31.2 371 123826 182512 31.2 284 333 5215 63925 0.4 <0.2 9.9 2.9 1912 23.6 2.4 0.1 <0.0 2.6 1.0 3.1 17.7 32.2 2.2 2.2 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 47.3 0.5 0.5 1.4
NP12AP096 67.3 452 120917 196224 150.0 245 268 4308 63616 0.4 <0.2 10.2 2.4 1954 18.6 0.9 <0.1 <0.0 2.3 1.2 4.2 19.5 39.6 2.2 1.4 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 42.6 0.6 0.3 1.3
NP12AP096 8.4 343 116015 180353 8.2 175 295 5504 75156 0.5 <0.2 5.7 1.0 1179 0.9 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 1.1 0.3 4.1 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 28.4 0.1 0.0 0.5
NP12AP096 <9.7 496 122455 185500 18.5 252 269 5633 63830 0.6 <0.2 8.9 4.2 1441 7.5 1.7 <0.0 <0.0 1.5 0.9 3.8 5.9 11.4 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 45.1 0.2 0.3 1.3
NP12AP096 <12.7 434 131404 201394 27.4 127 182 5497 67597 0.8 <0.4 7.0 5.0 1554 1.9 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 1.7 1.7 5.5 1.4 2.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 45.8 <0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP12AP096 26.8 393 118361 173032 71.5 296 228 3568 67257 0.4 <0.3 6.6 5.0 1398 12.5 1.6 <0.0 <0.0 1.4 1.0 3.1 9.1 17.3 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 37.0 0.6 0.5 0.4
NP12AP096 24.7 757 126781 177701 72.1 361 127 5857 68680 0.8 <0.3 9.8 8.4 1326 6.9 3.4 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 1.1 8.5 5.9 10.2 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 36.8 0.4 0.2 0.5
NP12AP098 <7.8 526 124206 181766 <5.4 436 649 3783 67924 0.9 0.2 7.5 44.0 1957 0.5 8.5 0.0 <0.0 1.7 7.2 2.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 136.3 1.2 <0.0 0.6
NP12AP098 <9.6 789 131262 188331 <7.2 2055 877 3751 71832 1.3 <0.3 13.8 21.3 1737 2.7 7.8 0.1 <0.0 2.0 3.4 1.5 2.6 3.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 121.5 0.4 0.3 1.6
NP12AP098 <7.7 313 130387 189359 <5.1 1499 799 2308 69161 0.6 <0.2 5.5 12.4 933 0.9 0.1 0.0 <0.0 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 15.6 2.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP098 19.8 488 137463 193768 8.7 838 839 3069 65525 1.0 <0.4 7.8 27.3 4818 0.2 1.8 <0.1 <0.0 <1.0 7.9 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 42.3 0.2 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP098 <6.8 487 125928 187981 <4.3 1580 1167 3507 67069 1.0 <0.1 5.0 16.2 1342 1.8 3.6 0.0 0.0 1.7 7.3 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 79.3 8.5 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP098 <7.6 276 126061 177923 <5.2 347 649 1215 64954 0.6 <0.3 5.0 17.8 3588 0.8 2.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.8 14.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 75.2 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP098 <10.0 287 127756 189015 <12.3 961 779 2296 70859 0.4 <0.2 3.6 10.7 1275 1.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.7 2.8 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP098 <15.9 555 132999 192820 15.7 571 740 1519 64262 1.2 0.7 6.0 7.8 2896 3.7 8.6 <0.0 <0.0 2.8 3.7 0.5 1.6 2.2 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 22.9 0.1 <0.0 1.1
NP12AP098 <10.6 269 122877 184906 <6.2 1447 1208 2015 73186 0.3 <0.2 3.6 5.3 863 5.3 0.3 0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.3 <0.1 0.6 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 14.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP12AP098 <6.7 408 122438 179940 <6.0 2387 1579 2025 71594 0.4 0.1 4.8 25.2 968 3.2 8.1 <0.0 <0.0 1.3 <0.2 <0.1 0.7 2.0 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 12.2 1.1 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP098 <9.6 234 126907 185034 <5.4 519 949 4146 69135 0.6 0.2 4.4 10.9 3846 15.0 6.4 0.0 <0.0 2.3 5.7 2.9 2.7 4.4 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 91.5 10.7 <0.0 0.6
NP12AP098 8.5 850 121456 183439 <4.6 2470 1139 3548 70931 1.6 <0.2 15.1 44.3 981 0.0 0.9 0.2 <0.0 2.5 3.4 0.7 <0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 85.4 0.5 <0.0 0.4
609
NP12AP098 15.5 817 122281 182035 <3.7 2087 1104 4385 70588 1.7 0.1 15.5 47.1 1219 0.0 0.9 0.2 <0.0 2.0 4.8 1.0 <0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 109.9 0.8 <0.0 0.6
NP12AP098 <7.2 945 120976 182640 <3.9 1347 851 3516 73125 1.7 <0.2 14.2 29.3 953 0.0 0.2 0.1 <0.0 1.4 2.9 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 67.0 0.4 <0.0 0.7
NP12AP098 11.6 846 123832 183774 <4.2 2073 887 3552 72911 1.7 <0.2 15.4 44.3 1018 0.2 0.2 0.2 <0.0 2.1 3.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 79.7 0.3 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP098 <6.1 500 128643 192929 <4.5 1976 1602 2936 73210 0.8 <0.2 8.1 29.0 882 2.2 1.3 0.0 <0.0 1.3 2.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 31.4 1.6 <0.0 1.3
NP12AP098 10.8 799 121570 183942 <4.4 3232 1359 2913 73082 1.4 <0.2 13.2 39.7 836 0.1 2.2 0.2 <0.0 2.4 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 74.0 0.4 <0.0 0.7
NP12AP099 40.4 510 116778 191556 14.5 548 24 5833 50432 0.0 0.6 4.5 18.8 3853 16.6 7.8 <0.0 <0.0 1.5 8.2 55.7 6.4 10.7 1.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 21.6 0.8 0.1 0.7
NP12AP099 17.9 430 107248 178556 <7.6 310 28 3760 56834 0.1 0.2 5.6 7.8 2840 9.5 6.2 <0.0 <0.0 1.6 5.9 21.9 4.8 10.4 1.2 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0 <0.0 0.0 25.6 0.7 0.1 0.8
NP12AP099 33.5 328 123320 179835 10.4 451 529 1895 47778 0.5 <0.2 5.1 32.6 3239 6.7 4.9 <0.0 <0.0 1.6 5.1 2.1 3.9 5.8 1.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 54.6 0.1 <0.0 0.8
NP12AP099 8.5 344 108429 175469 <6.5 141 315 1342 43208 0.8 <0.2 17.4 62.2 3012 1.5 1.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.6 36.2 0.7 3.0 4.5 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 63.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP12AP099 13.9 482 120744 177103 13.2 885 405 2548 48785 0.7 <0.3 7.3 9.0 2576 3.9 5.7 0.1 <0.0 1.4 6.2 1.3 0.9 1.8 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 53.7 <0.1 0.0 0.3
NP12AP099 <7.3 624 117783 179801 13.1 712 338 1782 47670 1.1 <0.3 15.8 26.2 2312 1.9 3.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.6 11.9 0.6 1.0 1.9 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 54.1 <0.1 0.0 0.2
NP12AP099 <6.0 403 116641 175323 14.3 427 576 1919 50383 0.3 <0.2 5.3 9.7 2619 7.3 5.6 0.0 0.0 1.7 2.6 1.7 5.2 8.4 1.6 0.9 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 36.7 0.3 <0.0 0.8
NP12AP099 10.2 236 105091 173340 <6.6 173 39 4138 63164 0.1 0.7 7.0 14.6 2564 5.0 0.9 <0.0 <0.0 1.7 3.6 14.1 2.7 5.2 1.3 0.3 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 12.6 0.5 <0.0 0.6
NP12AP108 <11.6 323 134020 194674 <16.0 591 539 6221 51055 <0.3 <0.9 9.8 36.5 2798 4.7 2.3 <0.3 <0.1 3.0 84.9 1.0 2.2 4.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 77.7 0.1 0.1 0.6
NP12AP108 10.3 434 126403 187659 14.4 963 724 3741 47154 0.5 <1.0 13.6 10.0 2589 0.7 9.6 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 3.4 0.6 1.6 2.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 44.4 0.6 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP108 19.4 504 132098 190006 <9.6 287 401 5540 44279 0.5 <0.6 24.3 13.5 2685 1.0 3.3 0.3 <0.1 1.1 13.3 1.6 1.2 1.9 0.3 <0.1 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 62.7 0.3 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP108 <8.0 664 120068 186521 19.8 168 326 5576 48116 1.1 <0.6 21.0 18.7 2586 0.3 0.7 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 24.0 1.9 0.4 0.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 73.3 0.3 <0.1 0.1
NP12AP108 <10.0 305 128101 188897 68.1 895 574 5156 47630 0.4 <1.0 9.9 18.0 3261 4.7 6.0 0.4 <0.1 1.7 36.2 2.4 1.3 2.7 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 71.8 0.2 <0.1 1.0
NP12AP108 11.5 199 125001 185411 44.5 515 574 4171 51237 0.4 <0.8 9.6 13.2 4337 12.6 6.7 <0.3 <0.1 3.1 24.9 1.9 6.9 11.6 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 102.5 0.4 <0.0 0.5
NP12AP108 <4.8 181 122197 184898 <6.9 390 500 3735 51612 <0.1 <0.5 6.5 17.9 3580 1.9 6.9 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 40.2 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 102.4 0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP12AP108 11.2 217 125094 179717 32.9 398 356 3995 48132 <0.1 <0.5 10.1 35.3 2848 2.3 2.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.8 118.9 1.6 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 87.7 0.1 <0.0 0.6
NP12AP108 9.5 253 120280 188242 14.2 442 474 6116 51362 0.1 <0.5 10.0 23.5 3727 2.4 5.6 0.2 <0.0 2.0 35.3 2.3 1.2 2.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 94.1 0.2 0.0 0.5
NP12AP108 <8.5 1020 132698 194419 <10.6 805 396 5456 48735 0.9 <0.7 19.6 7.3 745 1.0 0.5 <0.3 <0.1 1.5 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.2 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 18.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP108 <10.5 348 128241 203237 <12.0 1117 750 4653 56503 0.4 <1.0 11.4 29.8 2565 3.6 5.2 <0.3 <0.1 2.4 31.1 0.6 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 47.2 0.2 <0.0 1.0
NP12AP108 16.5 551 129897 186930 <13.8 231 373 8237 48155 1.0 <0.8 18.6 40.8 3699 1.7 0.8 0.4 <0.1 1.3 61.9 2.7 1.0 1.4 0.4 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 101.7 2.4 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP108 <9.3 546 132187 182550 <9.4 366 425 5056 46325 0.6 <0.6 22.2 13.5 1979 2.7 6.9 <0.3 <0.1 0.8 8.8 0.7 1.6 2.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 39.9 0.3 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP108 13.2 486 128776 183070 <13.6 301 392 5479 44051 0.7 1.1 27.3 16.0 2684 5.6 4.5 0.3 <0.1 1.5 10.4 1.1 6.6 11.0 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 58.7 0.2 <0.0 0.3
NP12AP108 <10.5 903 132342 203500 31.1 177 255 6637 48567 1.0 <1.1 29.0 23.3 2442 0.5 0.9 <0.4 <0.1 <1.0 23.1 3.3 0.9 1.3 0.3 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 56.0 0.2 <0.1 0.2

(oC)
NP12AP113 36.90 0.00 20.26 17.56 0.00 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 98.28 261 JA06A07 CEG V 1 17 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated U until step increase in Sr, Mn and Pb
NP12AP113 37.78 0.00 22.24 15.20 0.00 0.00 23.95 0.00 0.00 99.17 261 JA06A08 CEG V 4 58 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial large bump in Ce, La, Y and Eu
NP12AP113 37.48 0.37 23.51 13.20 0.00 0.00 23.46 0.00 0.00 98.01 261 JA06A09 CEG V 1 14 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and Mg
NP12AP113 36.79 0.00 22.01 14.78 0.00 0.00 23.27 0.00 0.00 96.86 261 JA06A10 CEG V 4 46 Excellent first half of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce until increase in Ce, La, Y and Sr and Mn
NP12AP113 37.37 0.00 23.69 12.71 0.72 0.00 23.09 0.00 0.00 97.59 261 JA06A11 CEG V 4 67 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until step increase in Sb and decrease in Ti, Mg and Mn
NP12AP113 37.20 0.00 21.84 15.58 0.00 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 98.01 261 JA06A12 CEG V 4 45 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Y and bump in Mg
NP12AP113 37.61 0.00 21.77 15.33 0.00 0.00 23.63 0.00 0.00 98.33 261 JA06A13 CEG V 3 36 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Pb
NP12AP113 37.61 0.00 21.77 15.33 0.00 0.00 23.63 0.00 0.00 98.33 261 JA06A14 CEG V 4 100 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP12AP113 37.63 0.00 21.50 15.43 0.34 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.00 98.40 261 JA06A15 CEG V 4 40 Good last half of signal integrated after initial Ce, U and Sr
NP12AP113 36.99 0.00 22.11 14.08 0.00 0.00 23.87 0.00 0.00 97.05 261 JA06A16 CEG V 4 54 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Pb
NP12AP113 36.75 0.00 21.35 15.38 0.40 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 97.37 261 JA06A17 CEG V 2 29 Excellent first half of signal integrated until K is detected
NP12AP113 37.99 0.00 24.13 12.35 0.43 0.00 23.42 0.00 0.00 98.32 261 JA06A18 CEG V 1 16 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Sb, Pb and Sr until increase in Mn, Sr and Pb
NP12AP113 36.75 0.00 21.24 15.70 0.00 0.00 23.06 0.00 0.00 96.75 261 JA06A19 CEG V 1 18 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La and Y
NP12AP113 36.45 0.00 20.67 15.74 0.00 0.00 23.16 0.00 0.00 96.02 261 JA06A20 CEG V 4 66 Excellent last three quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La and Y
NP12AP113 36.64 0.00 21.45 15.87 0.00 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 97.31 261 JA06A21 CEG V 2 21 Very good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Pb and Sr until increase in Pb in last few slices
NP12AP113 37.93 0.00 22.01 15.53 0.00 0.00 23.63 0.00 0.00 99.10 261 JA06A23 CEG V 1 11 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in Sr and Mn after which grain is penetrated through
NP12AP113 37.12 0.00 21.20 16.30 0.00 0.00 23.42 0.00 0.00 98.04 261 JA06A25 CEG V 2 23 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Pb
NP12AP114 38.29 0.33 22.54 12.97 0.54 0.00 22.85 0.00 0.00 97.53 284 JA17C08 ASG RAV 1 10 Reasonable first quarter signal, integrated after initial spike in Ce, La and Sr subsides until K increases suddenly.
NP12AP114 38.57 0.43 26.08 8.15 0.00 0.00 23.16 0.00 0.00 96.38 284 JA17C09 ASG RAV 1 14 Again reasonable first quarter integrated after initially elevated Ce until Ce and Sr increase again.
NP12AP114 38.57 0.43 26.08 8.15 0.00 0.00 23.16 0.00 0.00 96.38 284 JA17C10 ASG RAV 2 29 Good first quarter of signal integrated until Mn, Sr and Ca begin to increase.
NP12AP114 38.42 0.00 24.32 10.18 1.64 0.00 22.29 0.00 0.00 96.85 284 JA17C13 ASG RAV 2 20 Very good initial signal integrated until K appears
NP12AP114 37.52 0.00 23.41 11.21 0.40 0.00 23.34 0.00 0.00 95.88 284 JA17C17 ASG RAV 1 17 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initially elevated U until slight increase in Sr.
NP12AP114 37.52 0.00 23.41 11.21 0.40 0.00 23.34 0.00 0.00 95.88 284 JA17C18 ASG RAV 2 27 Good middle section of signal integrated after initially elevated Ce drops until V and Ce increase.
NP12AP114 38.93 0.00 25.36 8.88 0.72 0.00 23.69 0.00 0.00 97.58 284 JA17C19 ASG RAV 1 14 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initially elevated Ce drops until K appears.
NP12AP114 37.29 0.00 23.09 11.74 0.40 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 95.77 284 JA17C20 ASG RAV 1 18 Very good smooth signal integrated in first half after initial blip in Sr until next slight increase in Sr
NP12AP114 37.63 0.33 20.69 14.98 0.00 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 96.89 284 JA17C30 ASG RAV 4 70 Excellent second half of signal
610
NP12AP115 37.65 0.00 21.54 14.47 0.54 0.00 22.82 0.00 0.00 97.02 293 JA17B15 ASG V 2 20 Excellent first half of signal integrated until minor decrease in Mg
NP12AP115 38.53 0.00 22.69 13.01 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 97.90 293 JA17B20 ASG R 1 10 Poor, last 10 slices integrated as these at least appear usable
NP12AP115 38.53 0.00 22.73 12.72 0.00 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.00 97.49 293 JA17B26 ASG V 3 32 Elevated K throughout, but otherwise very good signal therefore integrated smoothest middle section.
NP12AP115 38.44 0.00 22.11 14.14 0.00 0.00 23.20 0.00 0.00 97.89 293 JA17B27 ASG V 1 17 Poor, with elevated K throughout, but smooth section of initial quarter integrated.
NP12AP115 38.36 0.00 22.90 13.40 0.00 0.00 23.17 0.00 0.00 97.82 293 JA17B28 ASG V 1 14 Good part of signal in first half integrated after spike in K until blip in Mg
NP12AP115 38.25 0.00 23.32 13.32 0.00 0.00 23.21 0.00 0.00 98.10 293 JA17B29 ASG V 2 23 Poor, decreasing Ti and V throughout, however could just be zonation, hence good section in all other elements
NP12AP115 37.80 0.00 22.62 13.07 0.00 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 96.96 293 JA17B30 ASG V 1 10 Good second quarter to signal integrated after blip in Mg and K in section with negligible K.
NP12AP117 37.89 0.00 22.09 13.75 0.00 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 96.91 280 JA23A05 BIG RAV 0 8 Poor, some K contamination, but may be just usable.
NP12AP117 38.03 0.00 21.75 14.27 0.00 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 97.50 280 JA23A07 BIG RAV 1 11 Reasonable first few slices integrated, but with minor K contamination
NP12AP117 37.71 0.00 23.28 12.27 0.36 0.00 23.37 0.00 0.00 96.99 280 JA23A08 BIG RAV 1 13 Good first few slices, again slightly K contaminated but other elements appear fine, integrated until Ce, Y and K increase
NP12AP117 38.51 0.00 22.49 13.94 0.45 0.00 23.21 0.00 0.00 98.59 280 JA23A18 BIG RAV 1 16 Reasonable second quarter signal integrated with low K between Ce and Ti spikes
NP12AP117 38.48 0.00 22.31 13.61 0.00 0.00 23.09 0.00 0.00 97.50 280 JA23A19 BIG RAV 2 24 Good first half of signal integrated with low K and only minor variability in Ce
NP12AP117 38.48 0.00 22.31 13.61 0.00 0.00 23.09 0.00 0.00 97.50 280 JA23A20 BIG RAV 0 9 Poor, but some of first quarter with lowest K signal integrated
NP12AP117 38.21 0.00 22.16 14.14 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 98.10 280 JA23A23 BIG RAV 1 16 Poor, elevated K and minor variability in Ce throughout, but smoothest most regular section integrated
NP12AP117 38.08 0.00 21.69 15.30 0.00 0.00 22.88 0.00 0.00 97.94 280 JA23A25 BIG RAV 1 16 Reasonable section of last quarter integrated with only very minor K and low Ce
NP12AP117 37.63 0.00 23.34 12.14 0.70 0.00 22.75 0.00 0.00 96.55 280 JA23A28 BIG RAV 4 42 Good first half of signal with only very minor K and perfect in other elements
NP12AP117 37.63 0.00 23.34 12.14 0.70 0.00 22.75 0.00 0.00 96.55 280 JA23A29 BIG RAV 2 21 Reasonable second quarter of signal, only slightly elevated K and Zr
NP13AP014 36.92 0.00 23.73 12.04 0.00 0.00 23.21 0.00 0.00 95.91 276 NO28B01 BIG V 1 16 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between spikes in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP014 36.82 0.00 19.88 17.46 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 97.82 276 NO28B02 BIG V 1 16 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until small spike in K
NP13AP014 37.44 0.00 22.52 13.30 0.39 0.00 23.49 0.00 0.00 97.13 276 NO28B03 BIG V 1 15 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Ce until increase in Mg, Ce, K and U
NP13AP014 37.63 0.00 22.45 14.91 0.00 0.00 23.79 0.00 0.00 98.77 276 NO28B05 BIG V 2 22 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K, Sr and Pb
NP13AP014 39.15 0.00 25.22 12.18 0.49 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 100.66 276 NO28B07 BIG V 1 13 Good first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Mg, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP014 37.85 0.00 23.26 13.72 0.57 0.00 23.14 0.00 0.00 98.55 276 NO28B08 BIG V 3 37 Good first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ce, Y, La, Mg and K
NP13AP014 37.85 0.00 23.26 13.72 0.57 0.00 23.14 0.00 0.00 98.55 276 NO28B09 BIG V 1 20 Good second quarter of signal integrated although Ti increases slightly throughout
NP13AP014 37.14 0.00 20.54 17.08 0.00 0.00 23.44 0.00 0.00 98.20 276 NO28B11 BIG V 1 13 Very good first few slices integrated until K is detected and Ce and La increase
NP13AP014 37.26 0.00 20.18 17.87 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 98.91 276 NO28B12 BIG V 2 23 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial spikes in Ce until K increases
NP13AP014 37.67 0.00 23.77 13.44 0.68 0.00 22.78 0.00 0.00 98.34 276 NO28B13 BIG V 1 19 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until Mg, Ce, La and K increase
NP13AP014 38.61 0.00 24.81 12.27 0.00 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 99.43 276 NO28B14 BIG V 2 21 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected and Mg, Ce and La increase

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP12AP113 11.1 235 117897 195659 <11.3 1025 553 3012 32332 0.4 <0.5 5.5 1.5 860 6.8 0.8 0.2 <0.1 1.6 <0.2 1.0 2.5 4.5 1.4 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 20.4 0.2 <0.0 1.1
NP12AP113 <5.6 270 125918 214926 <8.7 1070 304 1878 33409 0.3 <0.5 3.4 9.3 811 0.4 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.2 <0.2 <0.3 <0.0 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.9 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP113 <4.9 476 124466 194644 <7.7 852 259 6561 30671 0.6 <0.6 5.5 5.3 2259 9.3 5.9 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 0.7 0.8 3.1 5.8 1.4 0.9 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 25.3 0.1 0.1 0.4
NP12AP113 <4.2 475 121403 195406 <7.3 876 261 2980 30920 0.6 0.3 7.0 5.5 1070 1.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 3.3 <0.2 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP113 4.1 411 119805 190102 <7.1 744 207 5668 30515 0.4 <0.4 5.4 6.9 2019 0.3 0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 25.4 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP113 <5.2 514 120985 206503 52.1 588 598 2161 33132 0.7 <0.6 7.5 3.4 920 0.8 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 0.2 <0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 19.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP113 <4.4 544 122485 197597 <7.4 327 481 2434 31528 0.5 <0.3 9.1 2.8 1261 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 <0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 22.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP113 <3.5 542 118647 198573 <7.5 461 647 1712 33486 0.5 <0.4 6.7 4.0 975 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.4 <0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 16.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP12AP113 <5.4 688 123922 209829 <11.1 795 264 4126 34078 0.6 <0.7 4.9 12.4 1017 4.6 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 3.4 <0.5 0.9 1.2 0.4 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 10.2 0.2 <0.0 0.8
NP12AP113 <3.6 319 123604 199968 <7.3 710 471 2378 32365 0.5 <0.4 2.9 14.8 608 1.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.3 0.3 <0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.5
NP12AP113 <4.5 472 118857 186877 <7.0 703 623 2285 31116 0.6 <0.4 10.7 3.6 1076 2.8 1.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 0.2 <0.3 1.5 2.0 1.0 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 22.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.8
NP12AP113 <6.2 448 126481 200320 <10.8 992 327 3841 31712 0.5 <0.7 5.9 7.7 1205 8.4 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.9 <0.4 1.4 2.1 0.5 1.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.2 0.1 <0.0 1.5
NP12AP113 12.2 538 117161 188603 13.0 638 658 1742 31375 0.4 <0.5 9.1 3.0 567 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 0.1 <0.3 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 17.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP113 <4.0 458 117279 196443 <7.9 507 589 2402 33493 0.4 <0.4 8.6 4.6 704 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.8 0.3 <0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 23.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP113 <5.1 423 117469 191343 <7.0 603 426 1826 33099 0.4 0.6 3.7 9.3 573 0.8 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 <0.2 <0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 7.9 <0.0 0.0 0.3
NP12AP113 <5.5 531 119222 188911 <10.5 750 256 2946 31562 0.4 <0.6 5.0 5.9 1425 0.3 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.9 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP12AP113 <4.0 405 118910 190795 <6.1 1020 405 1960 34500 0.4 <0.4 3.2 16.3 464 1.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.6
NP12AP114 <14.2 858 127034 184650 23.2 1296 33 3880 55446 0.7 <0.5 12.6 2.2 1398 1.3 5.9 <0.1 <0.0 <1.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 16.4 <0.1 0.1 0.2
NP12AP114 <14.1 336 119726 166133 <9.1 1993 118 3113 45801 0.3 <0.5 4.5 2.4 846 49.5 3.8 <0.1 <0.0 1.4 <0.4 0.1 5.0 9.4 2.9 3.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 13.6 0.2 0.0 0.3
NP12AP114 <8.2 329 133544 183445 <6.0 1741 244 5021 45961 0.4 <0.2 8.9 <1.3 2669 17.5 10.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 5.9 11.6 3.0 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 26.2 0.4 0.0 0.5
NP12AP114 <9.0 390 131204 189586 13.8 1145 67 6374 47128 0.6 <0.3 12.1 1.3 2892 6.7 6.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 4.4 9.7 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.5 <0.1 0.1 0.3
NP12AP114 <10.3 259 133778 185815 <9.5 1716 115 3472 51986 0.4 <0.3 7.4 1.7 1200 14.4 3.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.8 0.4 <0.1 3.2 6.1 2.4 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 17.2 0.2 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP114 <9.8 401 141803 195251 <7.2 1309 52 4541 47539 0.5 <0.3 8.7 <1.5 2015 2.8 4.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.9 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 18.5 <0.1 0.0 0.3
NP12AP114 <10.4 585 138535 185323 <8.5 1099 59 4115 50330 0.8 <0.3 14.0 <1.6 3172 3.4 9.3 0.0 <0.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.3 2.4 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 17.1 <0.1 0.1 0.2
NP12AP114 <8.8 283 132541 183249 <7.3 1306 152 3579 57326 0.2 0.2 5.1 1.4 1183 72.4 3.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.9 <0.3 <0.1 7.5 15.0 3.3 3.7 0.4 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 15.7 0.2 0.0 1.0
NP12AP114 26.5 680 121444 188168 13.7 737 238 2048 66440 1.1 <0.3 8.9 23.8 1626 0.9 0.7 <0.0 <0.0 1.7 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.9 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 15.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
611
NP12AP115 1.1 340 120417 177666 1.6 232 1375 2587 64293 0.7 0.3 12.1 54.7 2101 1.5 0.1 <0.0 0.0 17.5 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.5 2.8 0.1 0.0 <0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.0 0.7 <0.0 1.4
NP12AP115 15.7 509 135896 215340 21.5 761 75 2328 69009 0.8 2.7 11.4 4.8 1472 1.2 1.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 2.7 2.1 1.0 2.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 40.9 0.1 0.1 0.0
NP12AP115 45.8 940 127107 192756 74.5 1136 414 1775 58108 2.0 0.1 22.6 24.9 1882 0.8 0.8 0.0 <0.0 2.4 15.2 1.7 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0 50.1 0.2 0.0 0.2
NP12AP115 29.8 982 113891 179590 166.2 464 398 1493 61322 1.7 0.1 30.4 36.2 3356 0.9 6.8 0.0 0.0 1.8 10.0 1.9 1.0 2.0 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.0 0.0 38.8 0.1 0.1 0.7
NP12AP115 54.2 404 127661 184254 21.9 960 514 1568 53184 0.9 <0.3 13.5 3.0 2491 2.0 6.6 0.0 <0.0 2.0 2.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 <0.0 0.0 24.5 0.0 0.0 0.1
NP12AP115 22.3 853 127526 190771 20.1 351 99 1062 65710 2.0 0.1 20.7 10.5 797 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 2.2 3.7 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.2 <0.1 26.5 0.0 0.0 0.1
NP12AP115 <12.0 71 137334 204469 48.5 53 365 1304 59627 0.3 3.9 9.9 5.9 2121 33.3 0.6 <0.0 0.1 1.5 <0.4 0.3 11.0 19.4 1.3 5.1 0.6 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 25.6 <0.1 0.0 0.1
NP12AP117 21.4 585 122800 198078 122.9 865 243 2561 53761 0.8 <0.4 16.3 6.3 2540 38.8 2.8 0.1 <0.0 1.1 3.8 1.0 45.4 94.6 2.8 3.3 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 30.9 <0.1 <0.0 0.6
NP12AP117 17.3 735 119536 180953 240.4 1387 321 1660 56642 0.9 0.3 12.7 3.2 1511 58.4 9.5 <0.0 <0.1 1.2 1.0 0.5 15.9 39.3 4.4 4.8 0.7 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 15.7 <0.1 0.1 0.2
NP12AP117 11.9 577 123992 181196 137.9 1875 230 1144 51611 0.4 <0.2 6.8 3.3 1141 7.3 3.0 <0.0 <0.0 1.1 0.4 <0.1 2.4 5.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 28.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP12AP117 17.4 553 121367 184432 76.1 708 237 1692 55631 1.0 0.2 10.6 5.3 2251 5.9 7.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.7 2.0 0.9 10.4 19.8 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 24.4 <0.1 0.1 0.3
NP12AP117 11.8 571 125615 179334 123.1 928 291 1807 53529 0.8 <0.3 9.3 4.1 1624 20.2 4.0 <0.1 <0.0 1.5 2.9 0.5 14.0 26.9 1.7 2.1 0.3 0.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 27.5 0.1 0.0 0.3
NP12AP117 22.2 370 126179 176317 257.6 1428 255 1681 52004 0.4 <0.5 7.6 3.0 1749 25.3 7.0 <0.0 <0.0 <1.2 2.2 0.4 7.3 14.8 2.8 1.9 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 39.0 <0.1 0.2 0.4
NP12AP117 <7.9 477 129192 181938 126.5 901 243 1465 56049 0.7 <0.2 6.9 3.8 2327 28.9 9.6 0.0 <0.0 <0.8 2.1 0.5 21.1 38.0 1.5 2.2 0.3 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 26.5 <0.1 0.0 0.5
NP12AP117 <18.7 557 122771 219531 94.0 590 243 1913 58311 1.1 <0.6 7.4 9.5 2194 68.0 6.5 <0.1 0.1 <1.5 5.6 1.0 35.0 63.6 4.7 4.0 0.7 0.4 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.7 <0.2 0.1 0.4
NP12AP117 18.0 488 121566 175749 17.2 875 223 2072 58414 0.9 0.2 11.3 6.7 2482 40.6 11.5 <0.0 <0.0 1.0 2.6 1.2 24.1 45.6 2.3 3.9 0.7 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 26.7 <0.1 0.1 0.4
NP12AP117 29.1 660 124871 182726 175.9 984 271 2214 57277 1.0 <0.2 9.3 7.4 2271 76.7 9.4 <0.1 <0.0 1.1 4.9 0.8 18.5 41.6 3.2 7.2 1.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 36.5 <0.1 0.1 0.8
NP13AP014 <8.3 257 132528 200097 <9.7 358 696 3825 31128 0.3 <0.7 7.1 2.5 3179 0.4 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 1.2 <0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 33.0 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP014 7.7 429 112260 187050 181.6 111 369 2813 42032 0.3 <0.5 6.9 4.1 1655 0.7 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 3.0 0.2 0.3 2.5 4.8 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 26.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP014 <9.8 277 130686 197340 49.0 381 729 3262 31058 0.3 <0.8 7.0 4.9 3220 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.6 1.7 <0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 33.5 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP014 <8.3 621 118976 194153 <10.2 32 278 2235 37377 1.2 <0.7 23.2 10.7 509 12.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 <0.3 3.3 5.5 1.4 0.8 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 9.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP014 <8.3 248 123436 186036 68.7 241 690 3581 30116 <0.2 <0.9 7.4 2.3 3376 0.6 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 0.6 <0.5 0.4 1.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 32.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP014 <4.6 259 120187 187040 69.1 372 764 2522 34346 0.3 <0.5 6.9 1.8 2279 19.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2.0 0.6 <0.2 1.8 2.8 3.4 1.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 22.3 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP014 <6.0 184 129023 184168 11.9 98 632 3532 27810 0.2 <0.4 6.5 4.5 3028 0.3 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.9 2.9 <0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 31.6 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP014 <6.3 672 107161 182960 34.2 32 279 1627 41440 0.5 <0.7 7.7 4.4 715 0.4 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 0.2 1.1 1.9 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP014 <9.1 378 117615 197678 141.7 174 545 1634 40993 0.4 <0.7 4.8 3.7 1078 1.8 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.3 <0.2 <0.3 0.7 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 18.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP014 <9.9 154 130163 197099 <12.6 339 592 6280 31473 0.4 <1.0 4.4 <1.2 7332 0.4 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 3.3 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 47.9 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP014 <9.3 337 132367 199316 15.9 484 932 3028 31594 0.3 <0.7 8.6 3.8 2279 0.1 0.3 <0.3 <0.1 1.4 0.8 <0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 30.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.0

(oC)
NP13AP014 37.71 0.00 20.43 17.60 0.00 0.00 23.10 0.00 0.00 98.84 276 NO28B15 BIG V 2 28 Perfect middle section of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce and La
NP13AP014 37.18 0.00 22.75 14.27 0.44 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 97.82 276 NO28B17 BIG V 1 19 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until Ce and La increase
NP13AP014 37.85 0.00 23.26 13.72 0.57 0.00 23.14 0.00 0.00 98.55 276 NO28B19 BIG V 3 92 Good signal integrated throughout, although Ti decreases slightly with time
NP13AP016 37.18 0.42 23.28 12.15 0.00 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 96.73 308 NO28C07 BIG V 4 43 Perfect first half of signal integrated until small step increase in Mg and Ce
NP13AP016 37.56 0.00 24.49 11.58 0.00 0.00 23.32 0.00 0.00 96.96 308 NO28C08 BIG V 3 35 Perfect first half of signal integrated until K is detected and Ce and La increase
NP13AP016 37.89 0.00 24.36 11.62 0.63 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 98.12 308 NO28C09 BIG V 1 14 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until detection of K and increase in Ce and La
NP13AP016 37.26 0.00 21.03 16.07 0.00 0.00 23.80 0.00 0.00 98.17 308 NO28C10 BIG V 4 99 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP016 37.74 0.00 22.49 14.75 0.00 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 98.80 308 NO28C11 BIG V 4 55 Perfect middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated V and Ti until K is detected
NP13AP016 38.03 0.00 24.03 11.80 0.00 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 97.51 308 NO28C12 BIG V 1 15 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce until large spike in Ce and La
NP13AP016 38.03 0.00 24.15 12.25 0.37 0.00 23.39 0.00 0.00 98.20 308 NO28C13 BIG V 1 19 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce and La
NP13AP016 38.03 0.00 24.15 12.25 0.37 0.00 23.39 0.00 0.00 98.20 308 NO28C14 BIG V 2 23 Reasonable middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, Sr and Zr until increase in Pb and Ce
NP13AP016 37.93 0.00 22.37 14.58 0.00 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 98.54 308 NO28C15 BIG V 1 10 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Ce and La, however Ti and Sr elevated
NP13AP016 37.80 0.00 22.81 13.89 0.07 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 98.25 308 NO28C16 BIG V 2 20 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in V, Ti and Pb, but could just be zonation
NP13AP016 37.80 0.00 22.81 13.89 0.07 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 98.25 308 NO28C17 BIG V 0 5 Poor, but some of first few slices integrated until large step increase in K
NP13AP016 36.90 0.00 24.24 11.80 0.32 0.00 23.34 0.00 0.00 96.60 308 NO28C18 BIG V 0 4 Poor, but some of first few slices integrated until large step increase in K and Mg
NP13AP016 38.01 0.00 25.26 10.87 0.00 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 97.76 308 NO28C19 BIG V 1 18 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mg, K and Ce
NP13AP016 36.90 0.00 23.09 13.44 0.50 0.00 22.81 0.00 0.00 96.74 308 NO28C22 BIG V 0 8 Poor, but some slices in second quarter with lowest Ce integrated
NP13AP016 36.69 0.00 20.46 16.84 0.00 0.00 23.30 0.00 0.00 97.29 308 NO28C23 BIG V 3 32 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ti and Ce until increase of Ce
NP13AP016 38.25 0.00 24.32 11.92 0.63 0.00 23.60 0.00 0.00 98.73 308 NO28C27 BIG V 0 6 Good first few slices of signal integrated until increase in K, Mg, Ce and Zn
NP13AP025 38.68 0.00 23.92 13.47 0.00 0.00 24.09 0.00 0.00 100.16 295 NO28A08 ASG RAV 0 6 Poor, but first few slices reasonable and integrated until large step increase in Mg, K, Ce and La
NP13AP025 38.33 0.00 25.60 11.62 0.59 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 99.70 295 NO28A09 ASG RAV 3 31 Good middle section of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce, Mg and La
NP13AP025 38.51 0.00 23.39 14.23 0.44 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 100.22 295 NO28A11 ASG RAV 2 21 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Mg, Ce and La
NP13AP025 37.59 0.00 22.88 14.31 0.00 0.00 23.52 0.00 0.00 98.30 295 NO28A12 ASG RAV 1 14 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Mg, Ce and La
NP13AP025 37.44 0.00 23.22 14.77 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 99.10 295 NO28A15 ASG RAV 2 28 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial irregular beginning until large step increase in Ce, La, Mg, K and Ba
NP13AP025 38.18 0.00 23.11 14.34 0.00 0.00 23.86 0.00 0.00 99.49 295 NO28A20 ASG RAV 4 44 Very good first half of signal integrated until step increase in K, Mg, Ce, La and Ba
NP13AP025 38.27 0.00 23.20 13.73 0.49 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 99.60 295 NO28A21 ASG RAV 3 34 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K, Mg, Ce, La and Ba
612
NP13AP025 37.59 0.00 23.45 13.87 0.00 0.00 23.93 0.00 0.00 98.83 295 NO28A24 ASG RAV 4 61 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and Mg
NP13AP025 38.10 0.00 22.98 14.68 0.45 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 99.66 295 NO28A25 ASG RAV 1 25 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated, although some variability in Ce, until large increase in Ce, Mg and La
NP13AP025 38.03 0.00 24.92 11.81 1.70 0.00 22.43 0.00 0.00 98.90 295 NO28A27 ASG RAV 1 10 Reasonable first few slices integrated until large increase in Mg, K ,Ce, La and Ba
NP13AP025 38.29 0.00 25.24 12.05 1.08 0.00 22.88 0.00 0.00 99.55 295 NO28A28 ASG RAV 0 6 Reasonable first few slices integrated until large increase in Mg, K ,Ce, La and Ba
NP13AP026 38.14 0.00 21.60 16.30 0.00 0.00 24.01 0.00 0.00 100.05 307 DE01A07 BIG V 0 9 Reasonable slices in second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce and La
NP13AP026 38.18 0.00 23.35 13.98 0.65 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 99.65 307 DE01A08 BIG V 0 7 Poor but very first few slices integrated until Ce, La and Sr increase
NP13AP026 37.41 0.00 23.15 14.57 1.81 0.00 22.40 0.00 0.00 99.34 307 DE01A09 BIG V 3 66 Good first three quarters of signal integrated until bump in K and Mg, otherwise signal zoned in Mn, Sr, Y, Ce, Pb and Ti
NP13AP026 38.16 0.00 22.31 14.61 0.53 0.00 23.69 0.00 0.00 99.31 307 DE01A10 BIG V 3 42 Reasonable section integrated after initial irregularities until detection of K and Mg; variation in Ce, Sr and Pb throughout, likely zonation
NP13AP026 37.69 0.00 22.92 13.78 0.41 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 98.47 307 DE01A11 BIG V 1 16 Good second quarter of signal integrated after blip in Al until sudden increase in Sr
NP13AP026 38.06 0.37 22.67 13.91 0.46 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 99.30 307 DE01A13 BIG V 2 22 Reasonable first to second quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Bi
NP13AP026 38.06 0.37 22.67 13.91 0.46 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 99.30 307 DE01A14 BIG V 1 13 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP026 37.44 0.00 22.88 14.24 0.43 0.00 23.84 0.00 0.00 98.83 307 DE01A15 BIG V 1 14 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP026 37.95 0.00 22.56 14.80 0.00 0.00 23.95 0.00 0.00 99.26 307 DE01A17 BIG V 4 59 Excellent first half of signal integrated until step increase in Sr, Ce and Bi
NP13AP026 38.21 0.00 23.22 14.70 0.40 0.00 24.25 0.00 0.00 100.77 307 DE01A18 BIG V 1 16 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Ce until K is detected
NP13AP026 39.13 0.00 24.45 12.68 0.68 0.00 23.52 0.00 0.00 100.46 307 DE01A19 BIG V 4 49 Excellent first half of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP026 38.16 0.00 23.00 14.45 0.52 0.00 23.88 0.00 0.00 100.01 307 DE01A20 BIG V 3 36 Good first half of signal integrated until large spike in Ce and La
NP13AP026 38.55 0.00 23.13 14.81 0.74 0.00 24.14 0.00 0.00 101.36 307 DE01A21 BIG V 0 8 Poor, but first few slices integrated until K is detected
NP13AP026 37.84 0.04 22.96 14.22 0.71 0.00 23.46 0.00 0.00 99.22 307 DE01A23 BIG V 0 7 Good first few slices integrated until K is detected and Mg increases rapidly
NP13AP026 37.84 0.04 22.96 14.22 0.71 0.00 23.46 0.00 0.00 99.22 307 DE01A24 BIG V 1 18 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until Ce, La and U being to increase
NP13AP026 37.84 0.04 22.96 14.22 0.71 0.00 23.46 0.00 0.00 99.22 307 DE01A25 BIG V 4 58 Very good first half of signal integrated until Lu and Yb begin to increase followed by step increase in Mg and K
NP13AP026 37.84 0.04 22.96 14.22 0.71 0.00 23.46 0.00 0.00 99.22 307 DE01A26 BIG V 1 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated until Sr increases
NP13AP026 37.84 0.04 22.96 14.22 0.71 0.00 23.46 0.00 0.00 99.22 307 DE01A28 BIG V 2 28 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Mg and Sr
NP13AP038 37.63 0.00 22.98 13.77 1.56 0.00 22.75 0.00 0.00 98.69 302 DE01B07 ASG R 2 22 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until bump in Ce and Mg
NP13AP038 37.46 0.00 23.75 12.51 0.00 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 97.27 302 DE01B08 ASG R 1 11 Very good first few slices integrated until increase in Ce and Mg
NP13AP038 37.56 0.00 23.52 13.38 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 98.15 302 DE01B09 ASG R 0 10 Reasonable first few slices integrated until Mg, Ce and La increase, however elevated Bi present
NP13AP038 37.63 0.00 22.98 13.77 1.56 0.00 22.75 0.00 0.00 98.69 302 DE01B12 ASG R 0 17 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated although with some variance in K
NP13AP038 38.25 0.00 24.70 11.88 0.90 0.00 22.97 0.00 0.00 98.70 302 DE01B14 ASG R 0 6 Poor, but first few slices integrated until K increases sharply
NP13AP040B 39.19 0.00 26.34 10.72 0.77 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 100.28 316 JA13A07 CEG V 4 40 Excellent first half of signal integrated until step increase in Mg, Ce, La and K

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP014 <8.9 1074 109351 199438 <11.4 14 214 2888 43837 0.9 <0.8 12.6 6.3 635 0.2 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 1.9 <0.2 <0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 15.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP014 6.2 1002 120554 196815 45.5 297 1005 1975 34776 0.8 <0.6 15.9 5.3 1150 0.4 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 <0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 45.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP014 <5.1 314 130039 201882 8.4 303 771 4112 31691 0.4 <0.4 8.0 1.7 3056 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.9 0.8 <0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 32.4 0.2 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP016 7.8 1082 131294 200923 <6.9 2546 1422 2553 31119 0.7 <0.5 13.4 31.3 767 0.9 2.3 <0.1 <0.1 3.5 1.1 0.2 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 16.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP016 13.2 1108 127680 190433 <26.8 1579 1254 2665 30621 0.5 <1.2 15.1 34.0 1103 1.6 <0.2 <0.4 <0.2 3.4 2.0 <0.6 1.4 2.3 0.6 0.2 0.0 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 30.6 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP016 12.2 1072 128995 188624 80.5 939 895 3903 29014 0.8 1.1 16.3 35.2 1424 4.1 1.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 3.2 0.5 6.2 9.7 1.0 0.4 0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 29.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP016 <5.5 842 118145 199858 <7.1 359 468 1092 41540 0.5 <0.5 7.2 9.0 742 0.0 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 <0.3 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 10.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP016 <6.5 719 128661 204581 <8.2 406 490 2121 37634 0.7 <0.5 8.2 15.6 1566 0.3 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.7 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 33.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP016 <9.1 657 138467 198911 <9.3 541 850 5622 31234 0.8 <0.6 12.6 59.2 1202 0.2 0.1 0.2 <0.1 2.9 8.1 0.9 0.2 0.4 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 88.4 2.6 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP016 <6.1 695 135598 192701 52.5 379 662 3781 32209 0.7 <0.6 34.0 42.5 1163 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 2.1 6.2 1.2 0.3 0.5 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 67.6 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP016 <7.7 1095 125060 195557 <9.7 299 381 2303 37218 0.9 <0.7 11.9 15.9 480 0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 1.4 <0.2 0.3 1.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 13.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP016 <9.3 1259 123086 174379 13.2 2039 1476 2272 30740 0.7 <0.7 17.0 37.8 667 0.5 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 2.6 0.6 <0.4 0.5 1.3 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 19.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP016 <8.2 796 128398 198888 14.4 179 365 2543 33972 0.9 <0.6 15.3 28.9 837 1.5 1.0 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 3.0 <0.2 1.1 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 25.2 0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP13AP016 <8.4 998 119248 178338 18.2 303 390 1778 38751 0.5 <1.0 12.1 14.3 583 0.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 0.7 <0.4 2.0 3.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.4 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP016 <13.2 493 127674 185257 <15.4 225 511 2259 32621 0.4 <1.0 9.0 16.1 1364 2.1 0.4 <0.3 <0.1 1.9 2.1 <0.5 3.0 5.5 1.3 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 26.4 <0.1 <0.1 0.5
NP13AP016 <8.4 561 131772 197962 44.1 326 318 1066 31189 0.7 <0.6 34.5 10.6 1822 1.4 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 2.0 1.7 0.6 2.2 4.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 21.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP016 <12.1 598 131148 200223 12.2 200 380 4120 33977 0.7 <1.0 12.9 22.0 1524 0.8 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 1.9 1.4 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 40.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP016 <7.4 772 125065 202090 <8.6 359 675 2101 38421 0.6 <0.6 10.0 15.6 666 1.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.3 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.9 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 13.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP016 <15.3 972 128905 190873 <18.9 2066 1257 2941 32633 0.7 <1.0 11.8 32.3 1840 3.0 11.9 <0.3 <0.1 4.4 1.5 0.8 1.8 1.7 2.3 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 44.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.5
NP13AP025 <10.9 550 123290 213212 <16.9 867 278 2880 34858 0.3 <0.9 12.5 7.2 1021 0.6 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 2.1 <0.2 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 36.7 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP025 8.3 579 131810 210256 71.9 185 130 4276 35125 0.4 <0.5 19.9 6.8 1042 1.2 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 2.4 2.1 1.8 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 65.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP025 <16.1 433 130769 222840 <28.6 395 165 3514 41873 0.9 <1.2 13.7 5.3 1507 2.9 0.5 <0.4 <0.2 1.8 2.9 1.0 1.2 2.0 0.5 0.6 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 131.0 0.3 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP025 14.4 378 128612 212792 <22.0 350 163 3532 38612 0.4 <1.1 11.4 8.8 1435 3.4 0.6 <0.4 <0.2 2.9 2.5 2.1 1.7 4.7 0.6 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 104.6 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP025 <7.2 864 125699 194889 <12.1 886 250 4021 35051 0.5 <0.6 19.5 4.5 1056 4.0 2.8 <0.2 <0.1 2.4 1.1 1.3 6.1 11.0 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 72.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
NP13AP025 <9.7 345 127866 202335 <10.9 258 185 3264 36115 0.3 <0.6 11.0 6.5 1611 2.8 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 3.5 2.5 2.9 11.3 17.8 1.0 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 115.3 0.1 0.1 0.2
NP13AP025 <8.1 600 125427 201082 238.2 244 175 3374 34768 0.5 <0.9 17.6 7.1 1427 2.2 0.1 0.2 <0.1 2.6 2.5 3.2 2.4 4.9 0.6 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 99.0 0.2 0.0 0.2
613
NP13AP025 <7.6 361 127556 210694 <14.5 268 174 3677 37060 0.6 <0.6 10.6 7.3 1286 1.3 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 2.9 4.1 2.5 2.6 3.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 94.4 0.2 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP025 <9.9 470 124090 203746 <14.2 244 206 4818 36049 0.7 <0.7 14.0 9.8 1286 2.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 2.3 2.5 3.8 8.8 13.8 1.0 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 110.3 0.3 0.0 0.2
NP13AP025 <12.6 881 127482 199905 51.2 549 169 16923 33775 0.4 <1.1 15.5 9.2 2063 2.8 0.2 0.7 <0.1 3.2 1.9 7.6 3.6 6.0 0.5 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 64.6 0.9 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP025 <14.9 451 134252 183884 <28.0 357 126 7532 26271 0.9 <1.4 13.9 9.7 1951 1.2 <0.2 0.4 <0.2 2.4 3.3 11.5 1.0 1.6 2.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 149.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP026 <6.0 730 125916 195201 <15.0 524 192 3717 26201 0.4 <0.6 10.7 3.5 228 1.2 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.6 <0.2 <0.3 0.8 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 16.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP026 8.3 343 124385 178783 <16.1 222 196 4522 23300 <0.3 <0.8 8.6 8.4 804 29.0 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 3.8 1.8 0.5 10.4 17.6 0.9 3.1 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 76.6 0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP026 <3.8 704 124863 191101 <6.3 331 181 8531 25416 0.3 <0.3 11.5 7.1 656 63.7 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 2.6 0.7 1.0 19.8 30.4 1.4 5.9 0.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 32.6 0.1 0.0 0.2
NP13AP026 16.6 553 142684 203964 61.4 282 160 15775 24346 <0.2 <0.6 7.6 11.8 1155 69.0 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 5.7 0.8 1.8 34.5 54.7 1.7 10.1 1.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 42.8 0.3 0.1 0.2
NP13AP026 <7.2 918 129404 194622 49.3 863 240 4388 25142 <0.2 <0.7 16.8 3.2 230 87.6 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 2.4 <0.2 <0.4 6.8 14.3 0.8 13.5 1.8 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 15.7 <0.1 0.1 0.3
NP13AP026 <5.2 583 131101 191885 <8.5 738 276 5494 23838 <0.2 <0.4 9.7 7.6 692 39.3 0.1 0.2 <0.1 3.1 0.2 1.2 6.8 11.1 0.9 6.9 1.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 0.0 36.8 0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP026 <4.6 595 128513 177086 16.2 612 237 5642 23600 <0.2 <0.5 11.3 7.7 731 31.4 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 2.7 0.9 0.6 5.7 9.9 1.0 6.1 1.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 37.7 0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP026 <5.7 702 131490 185368 71.1 555 201 3871 26284 0.3 <0.5 12.5 4.5 311 3.7 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 1.8 0.3 <0.3 5.2 7.9 0.4 1.0 0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 16.5 <0.1 0.1 0.4
NP13AP026 <4.2 838 131371 198214 24.8 1917 514 2586 27883 0.6 <0.4 14.0 3.2 1085 3.5 7.2 0.1 <0.0 3.2 <0.1 <0.3 0.7 1.6 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.5 <0.0 <0.0 23.6 0.1 0.1 0.4
NP13AP026 <4.6 753 134556 191623 <10.7 930 228 3855 27484 <0.2 <0.6 9.6 3.8 458 4.0 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 3.3 <0.1 <0.4 7.5 11.4 0.3 1.0 0.2 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 24.7 <0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP13AP026 3.5 395 131094 190098 <7.8 268 173 4899 27323 0.2 <0.3 10.5 7.5 691 126.6 0.5 0.2 <0.1 3.9 2.2 0.5 29.5 53.1 1.6 16.9 2.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 64.3 0.2 0.4 0.3
NP13AP026 7.6 345 130718 201217 <11.4 186 132 4759 28718 0.3 0.7 8.8 7.9 752 28.7 0.5 0.2 <0.1 4.1 1.7 0.5 30.8 43.7 1.3 4.1 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 61.0 0.2 0.1 0.8
NP13AP026 <11.0 802 133895 200750 <20.2 157 118 7179 30525 <0.4 <1.1 11.2 6.6 535 2.0 <0.2 0.4 <0.1 3.1 <0.3 0.9 7.4 13.2 0.4 0.4 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 29.9 0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP026 <10.6 945 125521 189953 <17.7 403 221 5807 26922 0.5 <1.1 11.6 5.7 452 12.6 0.3 <0.3 <0.1 1.9 0.8 1.0 3.7 5.9 0.7 2.6 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.1 36.7 0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP026 <6.2 554 127673 184144 69.6 510 232 4971 25899 <0.2 <0.6 13.6 8.3 877 57.7 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 3.7 2.2 <0.3 12.8 24.2 1.2 9.0 1.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 56.1 0.3 0.1 0.9
NP13AP026 5.9 412 134001 183800 29.7 635 199 5213 23889 0.2 <0.6 9.2 10.1 976 98.6 0.6 <0.2 <0.1 4.2 3.4 1.2 21.2 35.9 2.1 13.6 1.9 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 92.4 0.2 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP026 <7.6 423 135340 191598 41.4 368 185 11087 29073 0.5 <0.6 12.2 6.4 2616 18.0 7.0 0.6 0.1 7.5 1.2 2.4 9.4 18.9 0.5 3.0 0.4 0.5 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 53.6 1.0 0.7 1.3
NP13AP026 19.0 364 128798 187909 25.8 335 235 4444 29038 0.3 <0.5 9.6 7.2 903 42.2 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 4.1 2.2 1.0 18.2 32.0 0.9 4.7 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 70.7 0.2 0.1 0.4
NP13AP038 <9.5 697 128155 190586 22.4 263 166 1711 28825 1.7 <0.7 28.2 22.5 961 1.9 0.5 <0.1 <0.1 1.6 15.4 <0.3 3.2 2.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 145.4 1.3 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP038 <10.0 868 130543 188053 <11.5 262 187 1719 29802 2.9 <0.8 31.3 18.1 1073 10.1 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 2.3 12.4 <0.4 8.3 21.9 4.1 0.9 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 86.2 1.5 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP038 <10.2 405 131658 198188 58.0 365 199 1982 32651 1.0 <0.9 19.5 7.3 1511 10.1 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 2.9 1.5 0.6 6.5 11.4 0.8 0.8 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 47.4 1.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP038 <10.5 421 126452 194641 109.3 672 358 11032 33059 0.4 <0.6 7.9 <0.8 591 3.8 0.4 0.3 <0.1 2.3 0.2 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 17.2 0.1 <0.1 0.5
NP13AP038 <17.8 310 126862 181390 <25.2 909 451 8634 31430 <0.5 <1.7 7.0 <2.7 4543 12.9 1.9 <0.5 <0.2 2.5 1.1 3.7 6.4 12.4 0.7 2.1 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 16.9 3.1 <0.1 1.2
NP13AP040B 17.2 833 136871 196742 15.4 281 446 9494 26641 1.0 <0.5 22.3 4.4 866 0.9 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.0 7.4 0.5 1.9 3.1 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 56.1 0.1 <0.0 0.0

(oC)
NP13AP040B 38.57 0.00 24.83 12.14 0.45 0.00 23.72 0.00 0.00 99.70 316 JA13A09 CEG V 0 6 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until large step increase in Ce, La, Zn, Y, Sr, Mg and Na
NP13AP040B 38.42 0.00 23.07 14.05 0.56 0.00 23.86 0.00 0.00 99.96 316 JA13A11 CEG V 2 27 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP040B 38.31 0.00 23.68 12.62 0.80 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 98.89 316 JA13A14 CEG RAV 1 18 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce, La, Y, U and Sr
NP13AP040B 38.03 0.00 25.43 11.07 2.67 0.00 21.80 0.00 0.00 99.01 316 JA13A15 CEG RAV 3 33 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce, La and Sb
NP13AP040B 37.86 0.00 23.20 12.92 0.53 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 97.93 316 JA13A17 CEG RAV 1 12 Reasonable first few slices integrated until increase in Ce, La, Y and Sr
NP13AP040B 38.36 0.00 24.15 12.00 0.77 0.00 23.72 0.00 0.00 98.99 316 JA13A21 CEG V 1 10 Poor, but a few slices integrated in first quarter after initial elevated V and Zn until step increase in K, Sr, Ce, La, Ba, Y and Eu
NP13AP040B 38.33 0.00 25.24 11.64 0.97 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 99.93 316 JA13A22 CEG V 4 57 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until step increase in K, Ce and La
NP13AP040B 38.87 0.00 25.24 11.85 0.77 0.00 23.63 0.00 0.00 100.37 316 JA13A23 CEG V 1 15 Good few slices integrated in third quarter of signal in-between elevated Ce and Sb after initial detected K
NP13AP040B 38.72 0.00 24.83 11.98 0.76 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 99.87 316 JA13A25 CEG V 0 9 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, K, Mg and Ba
NP13AP040B 38.63 0.00 23.83 12.92 0.58 0.00 23.77 0.00 0.00 99.74 316 JA13A26 CEG V 1 16 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K, Ce, La and Ba
NP13AP040B 38.63 0.00 23.83 12.92 0.58 0.00 23.77 0.00 0.00 99.74 316 JA13A27 CEG V 0 9 Reasonable first few slices integrated until increase in K, Ce, La, Y and Eu
NP13AP049 39.17 0.00 24.20 13.71 0.92 0.00 23.69 0.00 0.00 101.69 290 DE01C01 ASG V 1 10 Good first few slices integrated until sudden increase in Mg, Zn, La and Ce
NP13AP049 38.10 0.00 23.37 14.45 0.59 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 100.07 290 DE01C05 ASG V 0 8 Reasonable first few slices integrated until increase in Ce, La and Mg
NP13AP049 38.10 0.00 24.13 12.98 0.90 0.00 24.14 0.00 0.00 100.25 290 DE01C06 ASG V 1 12 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP049 38.57 0.00 24.77 12.97 2.35 0.00 21.91 0.00 0.00 100.57 290 DE01C08 ASG V 1 10 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large spike in Mg
NP13AP049 38.51 0.00 23.64 13.50 0.83 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 100.17 290 DE01C09 ASG V 1 13 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until sudden decrease in Ti and Mg with increasing Sr
NP13AP049 38.38 0.00 23.77 13.32 0.45 0.00 24.01 0.00 0.00 99.93 290 DE01C10 ASG V 1 17 Good middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated K until increase in Mg
NP13AP049 38.38 0.00 23.77 13.32 0.45 0.00 24.01 0.00 0.00 99.93 290 DE01C11 ASG V 2 21 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected and Zr, U, Sr and Mn increase
NP13AP049 38.51 0.00 23.64 13.50 0.83 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 100.17 290 DE01C12 ASG V 0 9 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated in-between highly elevated K
NP13AP049 38.33 0.00 23.96 12.47 0.66 0.00 23.71 0.00 0.00 99.14 290 DE01C14 ASG V 2 25 Perfect first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Mg, K, Na and Zn
NP13AP049 38.33 0.00 23.96 12.47 0.66 0.00 23.71 0.00 0.00 99.14 290 DE01C15 ASG V 1 14 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Na
NP13AP049 38.33 0.00 23.96 12.47 0.66 0.00 23.71 0.00 0.00 99.14 290 DE01C16 ASG V 2 26 Reasonable first half of signal integrated until large step increase in K, Na, Mg and Ba
NP13AP049 38.21 0.00 22.98 14.92 1.08 0.00 23.10 0.00 0.00 100.28 290 DE01C18 ASG V 0 7 Good few slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Mg until increase in Na
NP13AP054 37.98 0.00 23.73 12.91 1.23 0.00 22.87 0.00 0.02 98.74 320 DE02A07 ASG V 1 12 Good first quarter of signal integrated until sharp increase in Mg, K and Ti
NP13AP054 38.21 0.00 23.93 12.88 1.11 0.00 23.27 0.00 0.00 99.41 320 DE02A08 ASG V 0 5 Good first few slices only integrated until large step increase in K
NP13AP054 37.95 0.00 23.71 12.90 0.93 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 99.16 320 DE02A09 ASG V 0 5 Good first few slices only integrated until large step increase in K
614
NP13AP054 38.21 0.00 23.93 12.88 1.11 0.00 23.27 0.00 0.00 99.41 320 DE02A11 ASG V 1 11 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Mg and Bi until K is detected
NP13AP054 38.21 0.00 23.93 12.88 1.11 0.00 23.27 0.00 0.00 99.41 320 DE02A13 ASG V 0 6 Very good first few slices integrated until step increase in K and Mg
NP13AP054 37.61 0.00 23.20 13.90 1.54 0.00 22.86 0.00 0.00 99.11 320 DE02A15 ASG V 3 41 Good middle section of signal integrated in-between highly elevated Ce, however Ce still slightly variable in integrated section
NP13AP054 38.08 0.00 24.28 12.42 1.03 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 99.56 320 DE02A16 ASG V 0 4 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until K is detected
NP13AP054 37.95 0.00 23.47 13.30 1.56 0.12 22.60 0.00 0.07 99.08 320 DE02A19 ASG V 1 16 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mg and detection of K
NP13AP054 37.84 0.00 24.49 12.70 0.93 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 99.55 320 DE02A21 ASG V 0 4 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until sharp increase in Sr and Y
NP13AP054 38.12 0.00 22.64 14.70 0.57 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.00 99.53 320 DE02A22 ASG V 1 15 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP054 37.78 0.00 23.01 13.80 0.85 0.00 23.42 0.00 0.00 98.86 320 DE02A23 ASG V 0 3 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until sharp increase in K, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP054 37.78 0.00 23.01 13.80 0.85 0.00 23.42 0.00 0.00 98.86 320 DE02A24 ASG V 4 40 Perfect first half of signal integrated until bump in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP057 38.53 0.00 24.00 12.78 0.70 0.00 23.37 0.00 0.00 99.37 310 DE02B01 BIG V 0 8 Good few slices in first quarter integrated in-between elevated K
NP13AP057 38.55 0.00 24.32 13.47 0.76 0.00 23.60 0.00 0.00 100.70 310 DE02B02 BIG V 1 11 Good first quarter of signal integrated until sudden increase in Ce, La, K and Sr
NP13AP057 38.63 0.00 25.70 10.94 0.89 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 99.51 310 DE02B06 BIG V 0 9 Reasonable middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated Mg, Y and Bi until K is detected
NP13AP057 38.33 0.00 24.49 12.71 1.30 0.00 22.76 0.00 0.00 99.60 310 DE02B07 BIG V 1 10 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mg and Ce
NP13AP057 38.08 0.00 24.30 13.15 0.63 0.00 23.80 0.00 0.00 99.96 310 DE02B10 BIG V 2 23 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Bi
NP13AP057 38.54 0.00 24.89 12.03 1.25 0.00 23.20 0.00 0.00 99.92 310 DE02B11 BIG V 2 24 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until decrease in Sr and increase in Mg and Ce
NP13AP057 38.54 0.00 24.89 12.03 1.25 0.00 23.20 0.00 0.00 99.92 310 DE02B12 BIG V 2 27 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Ce and La until bump in Mg
NP13AP057 38.42 0.00 24.03 13.58 1.67 0.00 22.47 0.00 0.00 100.17 310 DE02B16 BIG V 1 10 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in K
NP13AP057 38.46 0.00 25.75 10.52 1.05 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 99.73 310 DE02B17 BIG V 4 58 Very good first half of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP057 38.42 0.00 24.03 13.58 1.67 0.00 22.47 0.00 0.00 100.17 310 DE02B18 BIG V 0 9 Good few slices in middle of signal integrated after initial elevated (zoned?) Ce, La, Sr and Mn until large increase in K and Ba
NP13AP078 36.41 0.00 21.05 15.98 0.98 0.00 22.82 0.00 0.00 97.24 279 DE02C01 ASG V 1 15 Good first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP078 36.86 0.00 20.24 17.63 0.84 0.00 23.09 0.00 0.00 98.65 279 DE02C02 ASG V 2 25 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Mg, K and Sr
NP13AP078 37.05 0.00 20.86 16.31 1.03 0.00 22.79 0.00 0.00 98.05 279 DE02C03 ASG V 1 10 Good few slices in second quarter integrated after initial elevated Mg until increase in Ce, La, Y and Sr
NP13AP078 37.12 0.00 21.18 15.81 0.44 0.00 23.11 0.00 0.00 97.66 279 DE02C06 ASG RAV 3 36 Perfect first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La, Y, K, Na, Mg and Sr
NP13AP078 37.35 0.00 21.75 14.94 0.67 0.00 23.32 0.00 0.00 98.04 279 DE02C07 ASG RAV 0 8 Poor, but a few slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Mg until increase in Ce, Y, Na, K and Mg
NP13AP078 37.16 0.00 21.82 14.71 0.00 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 97.10 279 DE02C08 ASG RAV 1 10 Excellent first few slices integrated until large step increase in Ce and La
NP13AP078 37.14 0.00 22.43 15.20 0.93 0.00 22.46 0.00 0.00 98.15 279 DE02C09 ASG RAV 1 15 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP078 36.41 0.00 21.05 15.98 0.98 0.00 22.82 0.00 0.00 97.24 279 DE02C10 ASG V 1 12 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La, Y and Mg
NP13AP078 37.03 0.00 22.84 14.43 1.11 0.00 22.40 0.00 0.00 97.81 279 DE02C13 ASG RAV 3 40 Reasonable section of signal integrated after initial elevated and spiky Na, Ce and La until increase in Ce and La

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP040B <9.6 662 140688 182926 <23.7 537 818 4336 27862 0.7 <1.4 11.0 6.0 454 <0.1 <0.2 <0.5 <0.2 2.1 0.8 <0.6 <0.1 0.1 0.3 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 26.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP040B 7.7 304 130353 189062 <7.7 182 799 6940 31975 0.3 <0.4 5.1 2.2 1816 2.8 <0.1 0.2 <0.0 3.2 0.2 1.2 1.4 2.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 27.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP040B <5.6 535 133015 180014 91.9 809 524 7557 28121 0.2 <0.6 11.7 3.5 1058 1.5 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 0.6 1.7 1.2 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.0 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 38.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP040B 5.0 308 125965 183922 95.7 235 346 6876 28487 0.3 <0.4 7.1 1.5 1667 0.7 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 1.2 1.6 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 54.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP040B <8.0 816 124651 192021 <15.3 1527 617 5742 30279 0.6 <0.6 18.0 3.4 640 1.3 0.5 <0.3 <0.1 1.8 1.3 <0.3 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 35.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP040B 10.9 948 139036 192623 162.9 333 480 8087 30319 0.8 <1.0 23.0 2.6 1112 2.5 <0.1 <0.4 <0.1 3.3 1.4 0.8 4.2 6.7 2.2 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 48.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP040B <4.5 762 139823 202191 <7.5 34 287 6904 29269 1.1 <0.4 23.3 2.9 581 <0.0 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.9 1.3 <0.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 40.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP040B <9.5 576 142574 212297 122.1 185 427 6904 32540 0.7 <0.8 15.0 1.7 1288 0.5 <0.2 <0.3 <0.1 2.4 2.1 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.2 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.1 49.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP040B <9.7 656 137156 195626 <14.7 42 374 7631 30324 0.9 <0.8 18.1 6.9 1066 0.8 <0.2 <0.4 <0.1 1.8 8.3 <0.7 2.5 3.4 0.3 <0.2 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 58.7 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP040B <7.1 644 126936 182505 123.8 157 528 6210 32984 0.7 <0.7 18.0 3.7 1306 2.1 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 2.5 2.2 2.6 0.9 1.9 1.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 56.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP040B 9.4 782 144214 195590 148.2 178 425 8281 29684 0.6 <0.8 24.6 4.8 1407 2.8 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 1.8 3.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 1.5 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 70.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP049 <12.8 868 127321 172614 24.5 507 216 5804 34631 0.7 <1.2 15.6 5.9 778 0.6 2.3 0.4 <0.1 1.0 1.7 <0.5 0.6 1.1 0.2 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 36.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP049 <10.2 415 127778 178467 <12.6 278 169 7683 33601 0.6 <0.7 10.9 3.6 1225 1.0 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.3 1.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 62.4 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP049 <8.3 785 135822 198790 <8.6 1051 188 8891 32387 0.7 <0.7 16.4 1.3 1045 1.0 0.5 0.4 <0.1 0.8 0.2 1.4 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 21.2 0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP049 <12.0 598 127433 177607 124.2 256 178 6986 32359 0.8 <0.8 27.2 5.0 1025 1.6 0.7 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 3.0 2.2 1.4 2.4 0.2 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 46.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP049 10.4 902 126626 193705 25.1 864 187 6234 33026 0.7 <0.7 17.8 4.3 637 2.0 2.9 0.3 <0.1 1.4 1.6 0.4 1.5 3.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 35.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.8
NP13AP049 <8.2 584 133835 205044 103.7 1204 219 6630 35884 0.8 <0.7 10.0 2.3 669 4.7 4.6 0.3 <0.1 2.0 0.3 2.8 9.2 21.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 31.2 <0.1 0.1 0.2
NP13AP049 <6.5 431 131787 191043 52.8 1276 214 5019 33413 0.3 <0.6 7.8 1.2 603 5.8 4.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.2 1.2 9.3 22.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 26.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP049 65.5 818 129687 188805 56.2 629 181 6874 34505 0.5 <0.7 14.1 4.8 826 1.6 2.5 0.4 <0.1 1.5 1.9 1.3 1.7 3.9 0.1 <0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 40.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP049 11.3 668 134292 193391 24.2 1004 199 9168 34211 0.6 <0.7 13.8 4.5 1385 1.5 6.2 0.2 <0.1 1.2 3.7 0.7 1.4 2.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 58.8 0.0 0.2 0.2
NP13AP049 84.0 403 135055 196644 36.9 532 225 7719 34065 0.4 <0.9 13.0 2.9 2550 3.8 6.1 0.5 <0.1 1.0 1.3 2.1 1.2 2.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 36.1 0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP049 19.3 541 134730 202388 21.0 642 295 4009 34435 1.2 <0.6 15.7 1.1 2997 29.7 9.8 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 2.5 1.0 11.4 21.1 1.4 3.7 0.6 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 81.7 0.1 0.3 1.1
NP13AP049 <14.8 261 123635 181794 <14.1 418 199 7544 34543 <0.4 <0.9 6.8 <1.3 1558 2.6 0.6 <0.3 <0.1 1.3 0.3 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 39.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP054 <18.7 604 136325 167348 193.5 367 129 9136 31826 0.4 <1.4 9.6 2.7 945 3.1 1.8 <0.5 <0.2 <2.1 2.0 1.0 1.6 3.2 0.3 0.6 <0.1 <0.2 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 19.1 0.5 <0.1 1.0
NP13AP054 <13.1 262 125864 187528 <19.7 407 461 8295 34191 <0.3 <1.0 7.1 12.4 506 11.2 3.5 0.3 <0.1 3.9 8.3 <0.6 7.0 12.3 0.9 1.7 0.2 0.4 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 54.9 0.3 <0.1 1.7
NP13AP054 <14.5 349 128193 178469 95.6 320 173 10795 33937 0.6 <1.3 15.7 <1.5 2033 31.9 4.5 0.5 <0.1 <1.7 1.6 0.8 9.4 17.1 1.0 3.8 0.6 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 39.3 0.7 0.1 0.5
615
NP13AP054 <29.2 184 144330 205943 <47.7 746 304 12853 40319 <0.6 <2.3 9.6 <3.3 3337 27.8 3.3 <0.8 <0.3 3.3 <0.5 <1.3 18.3 24.7 1.9 3.5 0.4 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 63.1 0.8 <0.2 0.9
NP13AP054 <24.3 199 126119 181557 35.0 337 207 9802 37387 <0.7 <1.4 7.5 <3.4 2642 0.6 2.8 <0.7 <0.2 <2.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 2.4 0.3 <0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 75.7 0.6 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP054 11.1 241 133773 197270 <17.7 369 150 11320 39550 0.3 <1.0 10.8 1.9 1563 6.9 5.4 0.6 <0.1 1.4 1.6 <0.5 3.0 4.6 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 35.9 0.4 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP054 <32.3 265 139177 166629 <36.3 502 167 9760 36293 <0.5 <2.0 10.7 <3.7 1485 54.1 3.1 <0.8 <0.2 2.6 1.2 <1.2 25.9 51.8 2.1 6.5 0.8 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 42.0 0.7 0.2 1.2
NP13AP054 <21.6 251 129967 176000 <22.3 423 192 9228 37629 <0.4 <1.5 7.2 <2.5 1766 8.2 3.3 <0.5 <0.2 2.2 1.8 1.2 9.6 14.7 0.7 1.2 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 33.5 0.7 0.1 1.1
NP13AP054 <36.9 322 132136 178273 <42.3 170 195 7349 37970 <0.9 <3.1 3.6 <3.7 670 25.1 <0.3 <0.8 <0.3 <2.4 <0.7 <1.3 14.6 26.6 0.7 1.9 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 <0.3 <0.2 13.5 <0.3 <0.2 0.2
NP13AP054 <22.3 180 122602 168279 <28.7 302 207 6637 40951 <0.6 <2.0 4.3 <3.1 877 3.8 0.6 0.5 <0.2 3.2 <0.4 0.9 3.3 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 13.7 <0.2 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP054 <30.1 388 130367 157162 70.8 1100 249 8389 36064 <0.8 <2.7 8.0 <3.3 2070 8.4 4.1 <0.7 <0.3 <2.5 <0.6 <1.5 5.3 9.5 0.7 1.2 0.1 <0.3 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 28.1 0.8 <0.1 1.2
NP13AP054 <15.5 302 138342 186942 <15.5 877 184 12102 34343 <0.4 <0.9 6.3 1.7 1261 10.3 4.3 0.7 <0.1 3.5 1.0 2.0 3.2 4.9 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 44.2 0.5 0.1 1.6
NP13AP057 <12.8 404 141441 195671 28.0 473 376 11846 35120 0.5 <0.9 7.0 1.9 2011 6.9 5.5 0.7 <0.1 3.5 1.3 1.4 12.0 16.6 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 36.2 1.6 0.1 0.8
NP13AP057 <12.0 536 141226 199839 57.0 922 463 9678 35001 0.4 <1.1 9.7 <1.5 2810 5.8 3.8 <0.3 <0.1 2.7 1.9 1.4 7.2 10.5 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 43.6 2.1 0.1 0.9
NP13AP057 24.2 829 137836 204051 72.3 682 327 7788 37998 0.4 <1.5 30.1 3.4 1292 7.7 4.3 0.3 <0.2 3.2 1.5 1.6 18.0 22.8 1.6 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 59.0 0.3 <0.1 0.7
NP13AP057 19.5 354 141518 187554 93.6 622 276 10661 32540 <0.4 <1.4 11.2 3.9 2306 13.9 1.3 0.7 <0.2 4.0 4.6 2.8 11.8 18.2 3.4 1.8 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 105.6 1.1 0.1 1.8
NP13AP057 19.8 600 139110 195666 18.9 1047 428 9041 35055 0.5 <0.5 10.8 2.9 1198 8.3 4.5 0.3 <0.1 1.7 2.2 1.7 12.5 19.8 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 41.8 0.4 0.1 0.8
NP13AP057 11.8 372 140751 191649 10.3 683 340 9416 33629 0.5 <0.6 6.9 2.5 1774 10.2 1.5 0.4 <0.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 7.5 11.0 1.4 1.5 0.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 56.2 0.9 <0.0 1.4
NP13AP057 15.5 562 140211 192746 50.3 898 439 8776 35545 0.4 <1.1 9.8 2.7 2640 7.1 0.9 0.4 <0.1 2.1 2.5 2.2 4.2 7.2 0.8 1.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 45.3 1.5 <0.1 0.8
NP13AP057 <11.6 490 128591 188152 <15.3 547 358 12890 36456 0.4 <1.1 8.5 2.7 1715 2.2 9.5 0.5 <0.1 2.1 1.4 2.6 11.0 14.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 40.7 0.3 0.2 0.5
NP13AP057 <10.6 556 138706 203695 17.7 688 420 8297 39766 0.5 <0.9 9.0 2.7 1128 3.7 5.2 0.4 <0.1 1.7 1.6 0.9 4.1 6.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 38.5 0.4 0.6 0.7
NP13AP057 <25.7 421 129397 183754 <19.7 505 412 6959 40528 0.6 <1.7 6.3 <2.2 1055 2.8 8.2 0.8 <0.2 2.2 0.7 1.0 2.4 3.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.9 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 42.0 0.2 0.4 0.5
NP13AP078 15.2 751 118803 177649 22.8 198 423 11236 43042 0.7 0.9 19.3 99.6 1893 31.7 0.6 0.6 <0.1 1.8 8.6 9.6 13.9 26.7 4.1 2.8 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 85.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP13AP078 14.0 447 115723 185553 9.6 89 310 8477 47402 0.3 <0.7 9.8 34.6 1736 1.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 3.6 6.1 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 58.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP078 <12.5 484 118040 172283 <10.8 69 245 8148 44267 0.5 <1.0 14.0 48.3 1555 4.2 0.4 0.3 <0.1 1.8 6.0 4.9 2.2 3.4 1.6 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 56.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.6
NP13AP078 59.6 735 120835 185586 15.3 147 204 4028 42539 0.5 <0.5 9.4 7.9 1460 0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.9 0.8 3.3 0.8 1.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 16.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP078 <13.2 627 125497 180124 13.5 150 150 4449 37450 0.8 <0.8 12.0 5.9 1850 2.5 1.3 0.3 <0.1 1.3 1.2 1.9 7.4 11.4 0.6 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 16.3 <0.1 0.3 <0.0
NP13AP078 <16.1 242 120426 188127 <14.4 597 362 3702 43420 <0.3 <1.1 8.3 <1.5 1664 0.8 0.6 <0.3 <0.1 <1.0 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 28.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP078 <11.4 322 124564 192666 12.6 133 272 10410 42878 <0.3 <0.9 9.3 7.0 2564 0.5 0.2 0.2 <0.1 1.5 0.7 5.7 2.9 3.9 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 64.8 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP078 18.8 687 110619 171089 32.0 144 376 6857 43162 0.3 <0.6 11.8 28.3 1343 2.2 0.8 0.2 <0.1 1.8 1.5 3.7 5.1 4.4 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 36.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP078 13.1 196 127183 182464 <10.0 153 383 4186 41399 <0.2 <0.9 6.0 16.7 3018 0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 11.7 0.8 0.7 1.4 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 105.6 0.2 <0.1 0.1

(oC)
NP13AP078 37.03 0.00 22.84 14.43 1.11 0.00 22.40 0.00 0.00 97.81 279 DE02C14 ASG RAV 3 31 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial large spike in K and Mg until increase in Ce, Y, Mg and K
NP13AP078 37.65 0.00 23.60 12.87 2.05 0.00 21.80 0.00 0.00 97.97 279 DE02C16 ASG RAV 0 3 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until large increase in K, Mg, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP090 37.63 0.00 24.19 11.65 0.48 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 97.56 285 DE01D07 CEG V 4 59 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Sr
NP13AP090 37.48 0.00 23.39 13.65 0.77 0.00 23.30 0.00 0.00 98.60 285 DE01D08 CEG V 2 22 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, Y and Ti
NP13AP090 37.84 0.00 23.62 13.11 0.58 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 98.90 285 DE01D09 CEG V 1 10 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mg and Ce with decrease in Pb
NP13AP090 37.67 0.00 23.09 13.55 0.40 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 98.39 285 DE01D10 CEG V 2 25 Reasonable second quarter of signal after initial instability integrated until sudden decrease in Ti, Ce, La and Sr
NP13AP090 37.93 0.00 22.77 13.41 0.00 0.00 24.01 0.00 0.00 98.12 285 DE01D11 CEG V 2 20 Good middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated Mg until sudden increase in Sr and V
NP13AP090 37.95 0.00 24.60 11.78 0.40 0.00 23.88 0.00 0.00 98.62 285 DE01D12 CEG V 2 23 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until increase in As
NP13AP090 38.44 0.00 25.28 11.37 0.00 0.00 24.16 0.00 0.00 99.25 285 DE01D13 CEG V 2 26 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and V
NP13AP090 37.80 0.00 22.98 13.84 0.00 0.00 24.09 0.00 0.00 98.71 285 DE01D14 CEG V 4 44 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial highly elevated Mg and V
NP13AP090 38.81 0.00 25.43 12.10 0.41 0.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 100.74 285 DE01D15 CEG V 4 50 Perfect middle section of signal integrated after initial spike in Ce until slight increase in Sr, V and Ti
NP13AP090 38.01 0.00 22.69 13.93 0.00 0.00 24.46 0.00 0.00 99.09 285 DE01D16 CEG V 2 25 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Ba until sudden decrease in Ti
NP13AP090 37.97 0.00 23.92 12.94 0.00 0.00 24.22 0.00 0.00 99.05 285 DE01D17 CEG V 2 20 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in As
NP13AP090 37.63 0.00 24.58 11.69 0.00 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 97.65 285 DE01D18 CEG V 3 37 Perfect first half of signal integrated until Eu increases
NP13AP090 37.80 0.00 24.09 11.94 0.35 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 97.74 285 DE01D19 CEG V 4 42 Very good middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated As until increase in Sr and Mn
NP13AP090 38.33 0.00 24.60 11.91 0.54 0.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 99.38 285 DE01D20 CEG V 4 98 Wonderful signal integrated throughout
NP13AP090 38.25 0.00 25.11 11.77 0.00 0.00 24.14 0.00 0.00 99.26 285 DE01D22 CEG V 3 35 Perfect first half of signal integrated until small increase in Sr
NP13AP090 37.59 0.00 22.09 13.73 0.00 0.00 23.60 0.00 0.00 97.00 285 DE01D23 CEG V 4 97 Excellent signal integrated throughout, although with some Ti and Sr zonation
NP13AP090 36.99 0.00 23.94 12.14 1.15 0.00 22.16 0.00 0.00 96.38 285 DE01D24 CEG V 4 97 Very good signal integrated throughout and showing zonation in Sr, Mn and Ti
NP13AP090 38.27 0.00 24.83 11.04 0.57 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 98.36 285 DE01D25 CEG V 4 72 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Ba
NP13AP091 37.97 0.00 24.07 12.94 0.00 0.00 23.32 0.00 0.00 98.31 304 DE03C08 BIG V 0 7 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until large increase in Mg, Y, Ce and La
NP13AP091 37.50 0.00 22.47 14.70 0.48 0.00 22.89 0.00 0.00 98.03 304 DE03C09 BIG V 2 28 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in La, Y, Ce, Sr, U and V
NP13AP091 37.97 0.00 23.90 12.92 0.41 0.00 24.14 0.00 0.00 99.35 304 DE03C10 BIG V 4 40 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Y and Sr
NP13AP091 38.29 0.00 25.22 11.28 0.39 0.00 24.29 0.00 0.00 99.47 304 DE03C11 BIG V 1 10 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Y and Sr
616
NP13AP091 37.97 0.00 23.90 12.92 0.41 0.00 24.14 0.00 0.00 99.35 304 DE03C12 BIG V 2 26 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP091 38.14 0.00 24.13 12.28 0.00 0.00 24.02 0.00 0.00 98.58 304 DE03C13 BIG V 3 39 Very good first half of signal integrated until step increase in Y
NP13AP091 37.33 0.00 23.86 12.42 0.52 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 97.84 304 DE03C14 BIG V 1 10 Good first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP091 38.33 0.00 24.20 13.50 0.40 0.00 23.31 0.00 0.00 99.75 304 DE03C15 BIG V 2 26 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Y and Sr
NP13AP091 38.03 0.00 24.24 12.44 0.00 0.00 23.72 0.00 0.00 98.43 304 DE03C18 BIG V 1 12 Reasonable slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Sr until bump in Mg
NP13AP091 38.03 0.00 24.24 12.44 0.00 0.00 23.72 0.00 0.00 98.43 304 DE03C19 BIG V 2 20 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Sr, V, Ce, Y, La and Sb
NP13AP091 38.02 0.05 24.08 12.39 0.19 0.25 23.18 0.00 0.11 98.28 304 DE03C21 BIG V 2 22 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Na until increase in Ce
NP13AP091 38.02 0.05 24.08 12.39 0.19 0.25 23.18 0.00 0.11 98.28 304 DE03C22 BIG V 1 11 Reasonable slices in first quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce and Sr
NP13AP091 38.02 0.05 24.08 12.39 0.19 0.25 23.18 0.00 0.11 98.28 304 DE03C23 BIG V 3 35 Excellent first half of signal integrated until decrease in Sr and increase in Mg and detection of K
NP13AP091 37.52 0.00 23.58 13.03 0.24 0.00 23.73 0.00 0.00 98.10 304 DE03C24 BIG V 2 27 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated after initial large bump in Ce and La until increase in Sr, Ce, and La
NP13AP091 37.52 0.00 23.58 13.03 0.24 0.00 23.73 0.00 0.00 98.10 304 DE03C27 BIG V 4 47 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La U and Sr
NP13AP100 38.21 0.00 22.60 14.83 0.00 0.00 24.04 0.00 0.00 99.67 304 DE03D01 CEG V 1 12 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated K
NP13AP100 38.27 0.00 22.75 15.25 0.37 0.00 24.07 0.00 0.00 100.72 304 DE03D02 CEG V 2 39 Excellent first half of signal integrated until detection of Na and K; however signal elevated in Bi
NP13AP100 38.12 0.00 23.56 13.25 0.00 0.00 24.01 0.00 0.00 98.95 304 DE03D03 CEG V 3 54 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr; however elevated Bi throughout
NP13AP100 38.12 0.00 23.56 13.25 0.00 0.00 24.01 0.00 0.00 98.95 304 DE03D04 CEG V 2 26 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La, Bi, V, Sr, Mn and Na
NP13AP100 37.99 0.00 24.15 13.71 0.90 0.00 23.20 0.00 0.00 99.95 304 DE03D05 CEG V 0 8 Good first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce, Na, V, Sr and Bi
NP13AP100 37.54 0.00 22.47 14.88 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 98.57 304 DE03D06 CEG V 2 28 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until small bump in Na; however Bi slightly elevated throughout
NP13AP100 37.93 0.00 22.16 15.90 0.00 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 99.90 304 DE03D07 CEG V 2 29 Excellent last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Mn, Sr, Ce and Bi
NP13AP100 38.21 0.00 21.90 15.98 0.00 0.00 24.05 0.00 0.00 100.14 304 DE03D08 CEG V 3 45 Excellent first half of signal integrated until step increase in Bi, Sr, Mn, V, U, Y and La; Bi elevated throughout
NP13AP100 37.71 0.00 21.33 17.23 0.45 0.00 23.73 0.00 0.00 100.46 304 DE03D10 CEG V 4 41 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Mn, Sr and Ce
NP13AP100 38.31 0.00 24.77 12.00 0.79 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 99.25 304 DE03D11 CEG V 4 52 Perfect first half f signal integrated until increase in Ce and Bi
NP13AP100 38.03 0.00 22.03 16.03 0.41 0.00 23.93 0.00 0.00 100.43 304 DE03D12 CEG V 4 72 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until large increase in Ce, La and U
NP13AP100 38.31 0.00 22.98 15.11 0.00 0.00 24.40 0.00 0.00 100.80 304 DE03D14 CEG V 4 51 Excellent first half of signal integrated until slight increase in Mg and Ti; slightly elevated Bi throughout
NP13AP100 38.48 0.00 23.11 13.81 0.00 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 99.34 304 DE03D15 CEG V 4 101 Perfect signal integrated throughout; slightly elevated Bi
NP13AP100 37.86 0.00 21.97 15.27 0.00 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 98.56 304 DE03D16 CEG V 3 36 Very good first half of signal integrated until large increase in K and Na
NP13AP100 37.69 0.00 22.03 15.25 0.32 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 98.84 304 DE03D17 CEG V 4 102 Very good signal integrated throughout, only minor variation in V
NP13AP100 38.18 0.00 22.26 15.47 0.00 0.00 23.84 0.00 0.00 99.75 304 DE03D18 CEG V 4 57 Perfect first half of signal integrated until Na is detected
NP13AP105 37.93 0.00 24.90 11.64 0.00 0.00 23.84 0.00 0.00 98.31 304 DE03E03 BIG V 3 31 Very good first half of signal integrated until increase in Mg, Ce and Sr

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP078 12.3 392 129309 186578 9.6 156 285 13884 41800 0.3 <0.9 8.4 11.4 2723 1.0 <0.1 0.7 <0.1 1.3 1.4 8.4 4.4 6.2 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 54.7 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP078 <37.9 661 147479 160572 36.7 312 141 9259 34097 0.7 <2.6 15.2 54.4 2380 0.9 0.8 <0.7 <0.3 <2.4 4.3 16.8 3.1 3.8 0.7 <0.3 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.2 56.4 <0.1 0.2 <0.1
NP13AP090 <5.3 856 133114 198493 <7.0 936 451 4830 33321 0.6 <0.5 8.2 2.0 1163 6.6 0.5 0.2 <0.0 1.3 0.2 2.8 8.0 10.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 36.1 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP090 <5.4 413 123230 178754 <7.1 201 297 3607 33140 0.5 <0.6 7.2 0.9 1250 1.2 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.6 0.2 0.9 3.0 2.7 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 38.0 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP090 9.9 461 140068 191703 15.6 427 285 9527 31337 0.5 <0.7 6.6 2.1 2131 9.5 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.2 0.2 4.4 9.4 11.6 1.6 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 60.8 0.6 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP090 8.6 360 139067 210677 <10.3 748 562 10986 34637 0.7 <0.6 4.9 1.7 3205 2.7 2.5 0.4 <0.1 5.5 0.3 2.8 14.6 17.0 1.3 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 29.7 0.6 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP090 <9.8 308 133428 196942 <8.1 99 256 4038 35607 0.5 <0.8 5.6 1.3 1496 6.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 <0.2 1.4 14.8 23.3 1.0 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 45.2 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP090 10.0 261 133315 193102 <6.9 122 1475 1567 33618 0.4 <0.7 3.5 8.5 2636 0.3 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.2 0.4 <0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 28.6 0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP090 <8.0 681 141568 196847 <8.3 266 617 2161 29462 0.6 <0.8 7.2 3.5 1816 0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.2 <0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 20.3 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP090 <8.3 447 146126 211243 <8.2 75 481 5095 32996 0.4 <0.7 2.7 <1.1 2540 <0.1 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 48.8 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP090 <6.4 645 137803 201984 <9.2 55 605 2746 32263 0.4 <0.6 4.0 2.9 1188 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 0.2 <0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 18.9 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP090 <8.3 723 135410 198511 <9.3 604 1484 2131 34400 0.6 <0.8 4.6 3.9 1148 0.2 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 15.9 <0.0 <0.1 0.0
NP13AP090 9.0 310 128494 192290 <7.7 151 1122 1884 31870 0.5 <0.5 5.6 12.8 2788 0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 0.5 <0.2 0.2 0.1 1.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 15.2 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP090 <8.7 507 135350 193763 <7.1 308 1058 2298 31974 0.4 <0.5 3.2 4.3 1301 0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 16.0 0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP090 9.3 294 133595 198878 <7.6 97 1295 2677 34333 0.4 <0.6 4.2 8.2 3135 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 23.4 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP090 <6.2 360 140484 201329 <7.5 1085 873 6231 35381 0.4 <0.5 3.1 <0.8 2071 4.2 2.7 0.3 <0.1 4.1 0.3 1.6 2.0 3.8 0.6 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 28.7 0.3 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP090 <5.7 741 142139 197363 <6.3 244 469 2787 31277 0.5 <0.5 4.7 2.0 693 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.1 0.1 <0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 20.7 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP090 8.5 271 146142 202988 <8.1 971 897 7710 31673 0.4 1.5 9.2 1.9 3079 6.0 3.7 0.3 <0.1 3.0 1.4 0.9 2.6 4.3 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 44.8 0.7 <0.0 0.7
NP13AP090 <4.9 715 136388 194989 <6.7 245 734 1859 33670 0.3 <0.5 3.6 4.7 852 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.8 0.3 <0.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 16.5 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP090 <5.7 286 127609 183322 <6.5 52 789 3737 32571 0.2 <0.5 2.5 4.8 2970 0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 34.9 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP090 7.7 179 136784 196228 <7.1 182 621 1372 35543 0.4 <0.5 2.8 5.1 3935 0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 1.8 <0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 38.6 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP090 <4.5 250 137759 194617 <5.9 63 726 3058 34949 0.3 <0.4 2.0 3.6 2686 <0.0 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.5 0.8 0.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 41.5 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP091 <15.9 89 136537 187979 <14.4 383 622 5060 42779 <0.4 <1.2 <1.4 1.8 6031 1.0 0.3 <0.5 <0.2 2.5 0.7 <0.6 0.1 0.3 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 73.8 0.3 <0.0 <0.1
NP13AP091 <10.5 271 128299 180907 <9.3 268 306 2765 40986 0.2 <0.9 2.9 2.6 953 1.5 0.7 <0.3 <0.1 2.3 0.7 <0.3 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 28.5 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP091 <9.3 341 137736 194348 32.9 314 277 2915 41881 0.3 <0.5 3.7 3.6 1255 2.3 0.6 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 1.5 0.7 1.4 2.7 0.4 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 38.0 0.4 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP091 <14.9 215 144050 191993 <13.7 221 296 2620 40627 0.5 <0.9 4.9 3.2 1302 1.9 0.3 <0.3 <0.1 1.8 2.2 <0.5 1.8 2.5 0.4 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 44.4 0.7 <0.1 0.2
617
NP13AP091 12.8 331 147171 198171 77.0 306 414 5402 37371 <0.2 0.7 4.6 4.1 3192 10.3 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 2.5 2.0 0.8 3.4 5.2 1.9 1.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 47.3 1.1 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP091 9.8 269 146654 192805 23.7 378 479 3496 37543 <0.2 0.7 4.5 3.3 2616 14.4 2.8 <0.3 <0.1 2.2 2.8 <0.4 8.8 15.4 2.7 1.3 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 71.1 1.0 0.1 1.1
NP13AP091 <14.7 465 138375 187249 <12.6 224 456 2516 34954 0.6 <1.1 12.1 5.4 2499 2.8 2.0 <0.3 <0.1 1.3 2.2 <0.4 0.8 1.9 0.5 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 31.3 0.3 0.1 0.2
NP13AP091 <10.7 180 137336 179753 <8.3 354 487 3166 36410 <0.3 <0.8 11.4 4.9 2590 9.9 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 3.0 0.5 7.5 8.6 1.7 0.8 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 76.6 1.8 <0.1 0.9
NP13AP091 <15.5 169 138985 189790 <11.1 695 653 2377 39433 <0.3 <0.9 2.3 5.4 3610 10.1 7.3 <0.3 <0.1 2.5 1.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 52.0 0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP091 <9.9 241 130861 183860 <10.4 382 327 3368 40830 <0.3 <0.8 3.9 3.1 1556 4.1 1.0 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 0.8 0.5 4.2 6.5 0.6 0.4 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 54.3 0.4 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP091 20.6 200 137044 185230 <13.0 619 680 3930 39854 <0.3 <0.9 2.7 3.1 4220 7.6 3.0 <0.2 <0.1 2.5 1.6 0.6 2.2 3.4 0.9 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 61.8 0.4 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP091 <14.0 194 141138 187307 <12.0 584 940 2839 36899 <0.4 <1.0 3.1 3.2 2771 9.7 4.6 <0.3 <0.1 1.9 1.0 <0.4 3.4 5.3 1.1 0.9 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 51.1 0.4 <0.1 0.7
NP13AP091 <11.0 240 140377 188281 <8.4 629 486 5175 39400 <0.3 1.1 5.7 3.4 6958 18.0 3.1 0.2 <0.1 2.4 1.7 1.2 11.2 17.7 1.9 2.2 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 81.6 1.1 0.1 0.2
NP13AP091 <13.0 348 147600 196050 <13.8 290 555 3853 38894 <0.4 <1.2 5.3 4.2 1658 15.0 3.3 <0.3 <0.1 1.7 1.9 <0.5 8.5 14.3 2.6 1.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 58.1 1.3 <0.1 1.3
NP13AP091 <14.4 216 136783 190482 <13.6 254 447 2427 41169 <0.4 <1.1 4.2 2.9 1855 7.3 1.3 <0.3 <0.1 2.5 2.7 0.4 14.3 21.5 2.1 0.6 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 65.3 0.7 <0.1 1.3
NP13AP100 48.8 289 127141 192481 56.1 743 183 1189 47771 0.8 <1.2 17.5 18.1 762 1.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 1.8 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.2 <0.0 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 34.2 0.4 <0.1 0.5
NP13AP100 17.1 264 128161 192356 <6.9 225 208 4830 46790 0.8 <0.6 13.4 7.8 2547 2.5 0.2 0.3 <0.1 1.5 4.3 0.8 5.6 6.4 0.7 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 62.5 6.9 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP100 7.2 660 131679 188937 13.1 227 201 2281 43166 1.1 <0.6 13.1 6.5 723 0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.1 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 32.1 4.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP100 8.8 269 123349 187766 9.0 947 163 1216 46702 0.8 <0.6 15.1 11.3 598 0.9 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.2 <0.2 0.5 0.4 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 30.8 0.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP100 <13.2 421 123089 178400 <9.6 274 211 2377 42455 0.7 <1.1 16.7 16.7 847 2.9 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 <0.6 1.7 <0.3 2.5 4.0 0.4 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 49.8 1.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP100 15.8 355 128152 190469 <6.4 646 178 2398 46207 0.8 <0.7 16.2 6.0 1070 1.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.3 0.9 0.4 1.9 1.6 0.5 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 41.7 1.8 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP100 <15.2 541 122858 183089 <10.3 240 140 1854 51793 1.1 <0.8 17.7 5.5 955 3.0 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 0.5 <0.5 11.4 16.9 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 71.5 1.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP100 8.8 423 125216 193470 <5.4 217 149 3294 50555 0.8 <0.6 17.8 5.3 1287 5.7 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 0.5 0.4 27.2 41.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 68.3 1.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP100 <6.6 119 120720 189462 <6.3 37 172 2589 52295 0.4 <0.5 10.1 2.3 497 <0.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 0.1 <0.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 19.4 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP100 <7.9 364 121521 181104 <5.9 55 184 3810 50280 0.4 <0.6 15.1 2.2 713 0.4 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 1.0 0.4 0.3 2.4 2.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 31.5 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP100 9.4 520 124397 188331 <6.3 53 157 3591 52353 0.7 1.2 22.8 2.6 808 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.5 1.0 0.3 2.3 2.5 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 48.5 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP100 <11.0 152 128266 195819 <7.2 239 247 1341 51703 0.3 <0.6 4.5 15.9 460 0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 <0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 37.7 0.5 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP100 <8.7 710 137890 197077 12.4 142 109 4743 44592 1.0 <0.6 11.1 85.1 998 0.6 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.1 5.1 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 154.7 1.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP100 36.5 502 129968 185761 16.7 136 177 3502 44979 0.6 <0.6 12.0 26.5 1106 0.6 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 1.2 0.3 2.7 2.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 95.7 0.7 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP100 <8.7 343 125946 184032 <5.3 644 222 1769 47950 0.6 <0.6 10.2 7.6 631 3.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.1 0.3 0.2 1.6 2.5 0.3 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 39.2 0.5 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP100 <8.4 285 123330 183182 <5.7 810 158 1494 47902 0.6 <0.5 11.3 3.7 561 0.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 29.8 0.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP105 8.5 868 133951 184905 <7.0 331 237 3657 42833 0.5 <0.7 7.7 7.0 1335 1.0 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 2.0 3.1 1.2 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 29.2 2.3 <0.0 0.1

(oC)
NP13AP105 37.78 0.00 24.32 12.35 0.62 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 98.98 304 DE03E04 BIG V 4 48 Very good first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce, La and Pb with decreasing Mg
NP13AP105 37.39 0.00 23.43 12.57 0.00 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 97.01 304 DE03E06 BIG V 1 16 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated in-between otherwise elevated K and Na
NP13AP105 37.78 0.00 24.22 12.44 0.30 0.00 23.60 0.00 0.00 98.35 304 DE03E07 BIG V 0 5 Reasonable few slices in first quarter of signal integrated until sharp increase in Mg and K
NP13AP105 37.50 0.00 23.66 13.57 0.96 0.00 23.03 0.00 0.00 98.71 304 DE03E08 BIG V 1 15 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce and Sr; however could simply be good example of zoned signal
NP13AP105 37.59 0.00 24.47 11.98 0.99 0.00 22.92 0.00 0.00 97.95 304 DE03E09 BIG V 2 24 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until detection of Na
NP13AP105 37.14 0.00 22.66 13.55 0.68 0.00 22.53 0.00 0.00 96.56 304 DE03E10 BIG V 2 29 Good first quarter of signal integrated until bump in Sr and Ce
NP13AP105 37.44 0.00 24.20 12.44 1.25 0.00 22.68 0.00 0.00 98.01 304 DE03E12 BIG V 0 11 Reasonable first few slices, but elevated REE's so may be contaminated; integrated until decrease in Sr and increase in Mg
NP13AP105 37.78 0.00 24.00 12.57 0.44 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 98.16 304 DE03E13 BIG V 1 14 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until clear increase in Sr, Ce, Mg and Y
NP13AP105 37.46 0.00 23.94 12.28 0.53 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 98.04 304 DE03E15 BIG V 1 12 Reasonable few slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K until increase in Sr, Ce, Y and Pb
NP13AP105 37.41 0.00 24.87 11.65 1.15 0.00 22.76 0.00 0.00 97.85 304 DE03E16 BIG V 1 15 Good first quarter of signal integrated until bump in K and Mg
NP13AP105 37.39 0.00 24.58 11.29 1.37 0.00 22.65 0.00 0.00 97.29 304 DE03E17 BIG V 1 15 Good last quarter of signal integrated after initially irregular Ce, La and Sr
NP13AP105 37.91 0.00 23.75 13.12 0.44 0.00 23.31 0.00 0.00 98.53 304 DE03E18 BIG V 4 49 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Ca, Ce, Sr and Y
NP13AP105 37.93 0.00 24.73 11.45 0.45 0.00 23.14 0.00 0.00 97.71 304 DE03E19 BIG V 0 10 Reasonable few slices integrated in first quarter of signal, until increase in Ti and Mg; however elevated in Zr and REEs
NP13AP106 38.14 0.00 22.75 14.51 0.44 0.00 23.77 0.00 0.00 99.61 262 DE03F01 CEG V 1 19 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until Y and Lu begin to increase
NP13AP106 38.76 0.00 23.07 14.83 0.00 0.00 24.18 0.00 0.00 100.84 262 DE03F02 CEG V 3 38 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Mn, Sr and Ca
NP13AP106 38.40 0.00 24.56 11.87 0.00 0.00 24.47 0.00 0.00 99.30 262 DE03F03 CEG V 3 34 Excellent first half of signal integrated until Mg increases; good example of zoning in Sr and Mn
NP13AP106 38.93 0.00 23.17 14.51 0.00 0.00 24.43 0.00 0.00 101.04 262 DE03F04 CEG V 4 53 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Ce; good example of zonation
NP13AP106 38.38 0.00 24.66 12.38 1.12 0.00 23.23 0.00 0.00 99.77 262 DE03F05 CEG V 4 100 Perfect signal integrated throughout; excellent example of zonation in Sr, Ca and Mg
NP13AP106 38.81 0.00 23.71 13.81 0.48 0.00 23.77 0.00 0.00 100.58 262 DE03F06 CEG V 3 34 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr and Y until slight bump in Sr
NP13AP106 38.46 0.00 23.52 13.48 0.00 0.00 24.32 0.00 0.00 99.79 262 DE03F07 CEG V 3 33 Good first half of signal integrated until very large increase in Sr, Ce and Mn
NP13AP106 38.85 0.00 24.15 13.35 0.00 0.00 24.11 0.00 0.00 100.46 262 DE03F08 CEG V 2 20 Perfect second quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Mg until increase in Sr, Pb and Ce
NP13AP106 37.54 0.00 24.81 12.00 0.46 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 98.40 262 DE03F10 CEG V 2 27 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial spikes in Cu until increase in Y
NP13AP106 38.10 0.00 25.32 11.80 0.74 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 99.43 262 DE03F12 CEG V 1 10 Reasonable slices integrated in first quarter after initial spike in Cu until large decrease in Sr and Mn with increase in Mg
NP13AP106 38.18 0.00 24.60 12.40 0.00 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 98.59 262 DE03F13 CEG V 2 20 Good first half of signal integrated until step increase in Sr
NP13AP106 37.31 0.00 23.35 13.05 0.00 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 97.66 262 DE03F14 CEG V 2 21 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce and Ca and eventual ablation through grain
NP13AP106 38.31 0.00 23.60 13.10 0.39 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 99.31 262 DE03F16 CEG V 2 24 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Pb
618
NP13AP106 37.56 0.00 23.20 13.38 0.00 0.00 24.04 0.00 0.00 98.19 262 DE03F17 CEG V 1 17 Good last quarter of signal integrated after initial irregular Mg and K
NP13AP106 37.84 0.00 24.22 12.97 0.00 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 98.79 262 DE03F18 CEG V 2 22 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in K, Mg and Na
NP13AP107 37.69 0.00 25.28 10.11 1.15 0.00 22.92 0.00 0.00 97.15 299 DE08A07 ASG V 0 9 Reasonable first few slices integrated until K is detected; however Bi elevated throughout
NP13AP107 37.69 0.00 25.28 10.11 1.15 0.00 22.92 0.00 0.00 97.15 299 DE08A08 ASG V 0 4 Poor, but a couple of slices integrated in first quarter after initial elevated REEs until bumps in Sr, Mg and K
NP13AP107 37.91 0.00 24.49 12.47 1.86 0.00 22.29 0.00 0.00 99.01 299 DE08A10 ASG V 3 30 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Pb and Sr, although this could be just zonation
NP13AP107 36.58 0.00 24.54 11.05 0.65 0.00 22.68 0.00 0.00 95.50 299 DE08A12 ASG V 1 14 Few reasonable slices integrated in middle section of signal in-between elevated Mg
NP13AP107 36.90 0.00 25.11 10.48 0.77 0.00 22.95 0.00 0.00 96.21 299 DE08A13 ASG V 4 43 Excellent first half of signal integrated until K is detected
NP13AP107 36.99 0.00 25.13 11.01 0.66 0.00 22.99 0.00 0.00 96.77 299 DE08A14 ASG V 2 24 Good first quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Bi until increase in Mg
NP13AP107 37.38 0.00 24.88 10.99 0.82 0.00 23.03 0.00 0.00 97.10 299 DE08A16 ASG V 0 6 Poor, but some slices in middle section of signal integrated in-between elevated K
NP13AP107 37.50 0.00 25.47 10.99 2.00 0.00 22.11 0.00 0.00 98.07 299 DE08A18 ASG V 2 28 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in U and Ce until K is detected
NP13AP107 37.25 0.00 24.29 11.73 0.74 0.00 22.84 0.00 0.00 96.85 299 DE08A20 ASG V 0 8 Reasonable few slices integrated in middle section of signal in-between elevated K
NP13AP107 37.44 0.00 26.11 9.44 1.15 0.00 23.16 0.00 0.00 97.29 299 DE08A21 ASG V 1 10 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Mg until spike in U
NP13AP107 37.44 0.00 26.11 9.44 1.15 0.00 23.16 0.00 0.00 97.29 299 DE08A22 ASG V 1 10 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in V and Sr until K is detected
NP13AP107 37.25 0.00 24.29 11.73 0.74 0.00 22.84 0.00 0.00 96.85 299 DE08A23 ASG V 1 19 Good middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated K until bump in Ce and Sr
NP13AP107 36.60 0.00 23.32 12.72 0.00 0.00 23.09 0.00 0.00 95.73 299 DE08A24 ASG V 1 16 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in Sr
NP13AP107 37.25 0.00 24.29 11.73 0.74 0.00 22.84 0.00 0.00 96.85 299 DE08A25 ASG V 2 23 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated K
NP13AP107 37.25 0.00 24.29 11.73 0.74 0.00 22.84 0.00 0.00 96.85 299 DE08A26 ASG V 1 10 Reasonable few slices integrated in middle section of signal after initial elevated K until increase in Y
NP13AP121 37.54 0.00 21.75 16.13 0.41 0.00 23.87 0.00 0.00 99.70 299 DE12A07 BIG R 0 9 Good first few slices of signal integrated until Na is detected, remaining irregular throughout
NP13AP121 37.59 0.00 21.84 15.38 0.93 0.00 22.68 0.00 0.00 98.42 299 DE12A08 BIG R 1 15 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mg
NP13AP121 37.33 0.00 21.16 16.71 0.63 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 99.02 299 DE12A09 BIG R 0 6 Limited good slices integrated in-between isolated spikes in Zn, Na and Ce and La
NP13AP121 37.20 0.00 22.05 15.33 2.17 0.00 21.27 0.00 0.00 98.01 299 DE12A10 BIG R 1 14 Good slices in middle section of signal integrated after elevated Ce, La and K until increase in Na
NP13AP121 37.20 0.00 22.05 15.33 2.17 0.00 21.27 0.00 0.00 98.01 299 DE12A11 BIG R 4 41 Excellent first to second quarters of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce and La until increase in Zr
NP13AP121 38.10 0.00 21.05 16.67 0.40 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 99.40 299 DE12A12 BIG R 1 13 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Na and Zn
NP13AP121 38.10 0.00 21.05 16.67 0.40 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 99.40 299 DE12A13 BIG R 1 10 Reasonable slices in third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Na until spike in Ce and La
NP13AP121 37.95 0.00 22.37 14.93 0.76 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 99.75 299 DE12A14 BIG R 1 19 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until small bump in Ti, Mg and K
NP13AP121 37.46 0.00 20.12 18.23 0.85 0.00 22.83 0.00 0.00 99.50 299 DE12A15 BIG R 4 98 Good signal integrated throughout; excellent example of likely zonation
NP13AP121 37.41 0.00 20.41 16.44 0.70 0.00 23.03 0.00 0.00 97.99 299 DE12A16 ASG R 1 10 Reasonable few slices in middle of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce and Sr until K is detected and Na increases
NP13AP121 36.47 0.00 19.82 17.56 0.75 0.00 22.81 0.00 0.00 97.41 299 DE12A17 ASG R 1 15 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until Na is detected

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP105 10.0 601 136521 182995 12.8 610 646 5306 41741 0.4 <0.5 9.0 2.1 1159 3.7 0.4 0.2 <0.1 2.0 0.3 2.0 4.9 6.4 0.8 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 8.2 1.0 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP105 76.9 604 143825 189056 <12.3 510 533 7308 44871 <0.3 <1.1 9.3 3.1 1434 2.1 <0.2 0.4 <0.1 1.1 1.2 5.0 3.7 4.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 21.7 2.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP105 <17.2 590 132483 176246 50.4 393 508 5238 40354 0.5 <1.1 11.2 3.5 1044 2.1 <0.2 <0.3 <0.2 <0.8 0.7 3.1 3.9 3.4 0.7 0.2 0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 8.5 1.4 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP105 <12.4 595 134752 178377 <8.3 809 688 5390 38423 0.5 <0.8 10.5 3.5 1228 14.9 2.4 0.3 <0.1 2.8 0.6 3.0 9.8 15.6 1.9 2.1 0.5 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 6.8 1.3 0.2 1.0
NP13AP105 13.9 670 135817 179398 <7.7 739 533 5945 39206 0.3 <0.8 13.2 3.7 1454 6.2 1.2 0.3 <0.1 1.6 1.4 2.9 4.7 6.6 1.0 0.8 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 36.3 2.2 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP105 13.8 236 126004 175407 <7.5 280 675 5075 42265 <0.2 <0.6 5.0 2.2 3263 2.4 0.6 0.3 <0.1 1.0 0.8 3.6 5.6 7.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 27.2 0.9 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP105 <12.5 296 129713 177460 <9.0 487 583 7024 40619 0.4 <0.9 7.9 1.4 2271 16.9 0.2 0.2 <0.1 2.4 0.6 9.7 3.3 4.8 1.1 3.3 0.5 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.1 2.0 0.0 0.7
NP13AP105 <12.8 669 133577 175778 <9.4 97 257 3219 40685 <0.4 <1.0 7.6 1.8 438 0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.7 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP105 <13.3 603 135037 187270 15.4 497 306 3173 43102 0.3 <1.1 6.6 2.6 854 2.0 1.4 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 0.7 1.3 2.7 5.0 0.6 0.2 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 15.6 0.2 0.1 0.1
NP13AP105 <10.8 427 134006 174259 7.5 728 543 9150 37870 0.3 <0.7 7.7 2.5 1997 3.6 8.9 0.4 <0.1 1.4 0.3 5.9 17.0 34.9 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.4 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 20.5 0.3 0.5 0.2
NP13AP105 <18.6 427 141926 185450 <14.6 736 582 11742 44249 0.4 <1.1 5.6 <1.7 1915 2.2 1.2 0.6 <0.1 2.4 0.5 4.7 4.5 7.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 19.9 0.2 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP105 29.5 371 136152 187463 <7.0 165 238 4226 44929 0.3 <0.6 6.8 6.1 1129 1.3 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 0.7 3.3 3.1 4.8 0.4 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 20.1 0.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP105 <11.4 242 137907 183269 <9.4 597 748 4903 40648 0.6 <1.0 4.6 7.0 5283 7.9 6.3 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 9.2 1.5 9.5 13.6 3.3 0.9 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 65.5 1.6 0.1 0.7
NP13AP106 <11.9 763 127208 182160 <7.8 844 406 3108 47720 0.6 <0.5 10.4 <0.9 549 26.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 <0.1 0.5 2.2 3.8 3.7 2.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.6 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP106 <9.7 1063 130427 189567 <6.3 638 692 2922 47785 0.6 <0.9 9.7 <0.9 604 1.5 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.5 <0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP106 <10.1 431 131344 190021 <6.0 874 484 2610 51026 0.5 <0.7 5.8 <1.1 587 18.8 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 <0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 3.3 2.2 0.5 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.6 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP106 <10.6 493 135223 184654 <5.7 768 406 2973 47923 0.5 <0.6 6.5 0.9 799 68.6 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2.2 0.3 0.5 1.2 2.9 2.5 6.9 1.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.6 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP106 8.3 334 114609 153389 <5.7 243 265 5228 38288 0.3 <0.5 6.3 3.4 1603 67.1 0.6 0.2 <0.1 2.6 1.3 2.4 3.1 6.4 2.8 8.1 1.7 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.2 0.5 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP106 23.5 748 131574 185248 <9.4 1226 788 2702 51229 0.4 1.9 10.7 1.7 464 3.7 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.7 <0.2 <0.4 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.3 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP106 <8.6 530 134176 183695 <6.8 1190 672 2607 47641 0.4 1.7 5.5 1.9 1250 16.0 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 <0.1 1.2 3.4 4.7 2.3 2.4 0.4 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.1 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP106 <12.3 623 136800 181326 <7.8 996 669 4707 45641 0.6 1.5 7.9 1.4 1060 3.3 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 2.3 0.3 1.3 1.9 2.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 7.3 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP106 <13.8 452 134893 180805 <8.3 1359 824 2575 48100 0.4 <1.0 4.3 2.3 1201 2.5 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.2 0.3 1.6 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.7 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP106 <12.4 302 136197 178145 <8.6 667 637 5173 40408 0.5 <0.8 5.0 2.3 1979 2.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 4.8 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 7.9 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP106 <13.4 472 135316 170574 <8.7 321 453 3106 44857 0.3 <0.6 5.6 8.2 1080 7.5 0.8 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 7.2 0.5 9.7 15.2 0.9 0.8 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 59.2 2.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP106 30.0 339 127151 169825 16.9 272 346 3609 47641 <0.3 <0.9 7.1 3.6 1536 1.4 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.7 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 21.8 0.2 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP106 <12.9 709 132646 171893 <9.5 457 168 3441 47874 0.6 <0.9 8.7 <1.3 775 1.3 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.6 <0.2 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.3 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 8.4 0.2 <0.1 0.2
619
NP13AP106 <15.7 639 132633 191763 <12.3 1245 279 2744 52995 1.2 <1.1 6.5 1.7 491 2.2 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.2 <0.2 <0.4 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 4.4 0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP106 <14.7 518 136895 174471 93.4 394 256 6215 48674 0.5 <0.8 6.5 2.0 2384 3.2 0.5 0.3 <0.1 2.3 0.6 3.4 3.8 6.4 0.7 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 22.2 0.4 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP107 13.9 495 140845 173678 <12.4 161 990 7128 24360 <0.3 <0.6 15.5 3.0 4027 1.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.6 6.6 2.6 0.1 0.3 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 35.2 8.6 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP107 23.9 346 153170 191717 <27.4 175 1047 7293 28241 <0.5 <1.2 18.2 3.7 4879 6.6 <0.2 0.7 <0.2 <1.6 5.1 2.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 49.0 4.0 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP107 <5.2 263 139701 183033 <6.6 193 1102 10231 29982 <0.2 <0.3 6.1 1.9 3234 4.8 0.1 0.6 <0.0 4.2 0.6 1.8 1.6 2.4 0.6 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 68.3 2.4 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP107 <7.9 187 141029 185966 <12.9 117 814 5345 28704 <0.2 <0.7 7.7 2.9 5174 5.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 5.0 2.8 3.3 4.1 1.0 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 54.6 2.4 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP107 6.8 186 140008 182775 <7.3 256 892 7021 27353 <0.1 <0.3 8.9 2.1 5444 20.0 0.3 0.3 <0.1 2.5 2.2 1.3 6.7 8.8 2.8 2.9 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 52.9 1.6 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP107 19.4 230 141094 188603 26.4 125 817 6977 27545 0.2 0.5 10.9 3.6 4912 2.1 <0.1 0.2 0.0 2.1 4.8 3.3 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 48.2 4.5 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP107 11.6 302 141649 190492 24.0 275 1308 7620 29198 <0.4 3.4 10.7 2.2 5568 8.5 0.3 <0.3 <0.1 1.9 3.0 1.4 2.1 3.3 1.3 1.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 83.8 2.3 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP107 <5.2 303 140679 181816 <7.8 205 831 10746 29904 0.2 <0.4 8.1 1.6 2488 7.0 0.1 0.4 <0.1 2.9 0.6 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 78.7 2.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP107 13.3 292 145129 193574 55.0 270 927 9241 31759 1.0 2.1 7.9 3.0 4967 8.1 0.5 0.5 0.3 3.2 2.9 2.7 6.8 9.8 1.2 1.0 0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 69.5 3.1 0.1 0.5
NP13AP107 <13.8 235 145198 213313 22.2 190 1059 6114 32248 <0.4 5.4 6.7 1.7 5300 7.9 0.3 <0.3 <0.1 1.7 2.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.4 0.7 0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 57.0 1.8 <0.1 0.4
NP13AP107 <10.6 392 136728 179507 22.1 114 1042 5623 32973 <0.2 <0.6 8.1 1.4 2500 13.5 0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.4 1.9 0.9 1.9 3.1 3.6 0.9 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 38.4 3.3 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP107 13.5 328 134569 189393 30.8 146 1131 5298 35991 <0.2 <0.5 6.4 1.7 2856 17.9 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.4 2.1 2.5 1.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 44.9 1.9 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP107 <10.9 228 132142 176514 <10.2 137 1035 4439 30230 <0.2 <0.6 6.2 3.2 3180 2.4 <0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.6 2.6 0.6 1.2 1.7 1.0 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 38.2 7.2 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP107 17.3 218 148316 195182 <13.8 222 1432 8396 33733 <0.3 <0.9 9.1 3.3 5569 8.0 0.2 0.3 <0.1 2.0 3.0 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 37.4 5.2 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP107 <13.1 228 140513 190143 <15.4 123 882 7275 33821 <0.4 <1.0 9.7 3.7 4605 3.0 0.2 <0.4 <0.1 1.5 2.4 1.4 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 54.0 2.0 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP121 <4.6 473 126888 172514 <9.4 110 103 3193 44017 0.6 <0.5 8.2 2.2 295 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 <0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 7.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP121 5.8 271 111626 172140 <6.9 37 243 5339 42471 0.4 <0.4 5.9 3.8 2310 0.2 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.4 2.3 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 29.4 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 11.6 472 109861 179978 <12.6 70 89 4232 45802 0.9 <0.7 5.1 3.5 422 0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.9 <0.2 <0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 8.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1
NP13AP121 15.1 585 109021 182350 <10.1 54 208 4760 45807 0.6 <0.6 5.5 2.7 729 0.1 <0.1 0.4 <0.1 2.0 0.2 <0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP121 13.6 187 118414 171991 <5.3 87 133 5495 39051 0.3 <0.3 5.0 5.9 2918 0.2 <0.1 0.3 <0.0 2.2 5.4 4.7 0.7 1.1 0.8 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 50.2 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 8.0 362 115673 174359 <6.9 107 93 5018 45554 0.4 <0.4 11.1 2.5 924 0.2 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.2 0.2 0.7 1.4 1.8 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP121 9.9 503 122106 199985 <14.8 38 73 3887 52051 0.4 <0.9 5.3 4.3 403 0.3 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 1.7 <0.2 <0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.9 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP121 6.6 509 135904 187771 30.5 57 154 12242 43926 0.4 <0.4 9.6 16.3 3148 1.5 0.1 0.4 <0.1 2.3 0.3 <0.2 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 43.5 0.8 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP121 5.3 440 114666 185218 7.6 122 154 5549 52776 0.5 <0.3 6.8 1.0 1140 0.5 0.2 0.2 <0.0 1.8 0.1 0.6 2.6 4.1 0.6 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 23.2 0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 8.4 886 121781 190241 <10.5 90 445 4545 49595 0.8 <0.8 8.3 2.3 600 1.0 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 3.5 <0.2 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 13.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP121 7.0 402 119614 182472 <8.7 143 102 10851 50048 0.7 <0.5 8.8 15.7 2301 0.8 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 0.9 1.6 4.8 4.3 4.4 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 51.0 0.1 <0.0 0.1

(oC)
NP13AP121 37.05 0.00 20.56 17.10 0.88 0.00 22.95 0.00 0.00 98.53 299 DE12A18 ASG R 1 19 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until Na is detected
NP13AP121 37.74 0.00 23.09 14.50 0.54 0.00 23.21 0.00 0.00 99.08 299 DE12A19 ASG R 1 14 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase and variance in K and Mg
NP13AP121 37.71 0.00 20.80 16.46 0.43 0.00 23.46 0.00 0.00 98.86 299 DE12A20 ASG R 1 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Mg and K until increase in Sr, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP121 37.37 0.00 20.67 17.06 0.49 0.00 23.44 0.00 0.00 99.03 299 DE12A21 BIG R 1 17 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ti
NP13AP121 37.54 0.00 21.75 16.13 0.41 0.00 23.87 0.00 0.00 99.70 299 DE12A22 BIG R 0 7 Good first few slices of signal integrated until small bump in Na
NP13AP121 37.56 0.00 20.80 17.11 0.63 0.00 23.14 0.00 0.00 99.26 299 DE12A23 BIG R 1 10 Very good slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Na until increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP121 38.10 0.00 21.05 16.67 0.40 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 99.40 299 DE12A24 BIG R 4 78 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until sharp drop off in Sr counts
NP13AP121 37.54 0.00 21.75 16.13 0.41 0.00 23.87 0.00 0.00 99.70 299 DE12A25 BIG R 3 32 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial spikes in Na until increase in Ce and La
NP13AP150 37.86 0.00 23.60 13.48 0.00 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 98.59 310 DE12C01 CEG V 2 26 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Ba until step increase in Ce and La
NP13AP150 37.86 0.00 24.09 13.77 0.00 0.00 23.73 0.00 0.00 99.45 310 DE12C02 CEG V 1 16 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Mg, Ce and La; however Mg slightly elevated throughout
NP13AP150 37.46 0.00 21.45 15.83 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 98.32 310 DE12C03 CEG V 0 9 Good first few slices integrated until increase in Ca, La and Ba
NP13AP150 37.29 0.00 22.09 14.43 0.00 0.00 24.04 0.00 0.00 97.84 310 DE12C04 CEG V 4 64 Good first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Ce and La, good zonation in Sr and Pb
NP13AP150 37.94 0.00 23.42 13.81 0.30 0.00 23.54 0.00 0.00 99.01 310 DE12C12 CEG V 1 15 Excellent third quarter of signal integrated in-between large spikes in Ce, La and Mg
NP13AP150 37.94 0.00 23.42 13.81 0.30 0.00 23.54 0.00 0.00 99.01 310 DE12C13 CEG V 1 14 Good first quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Pb until increase in Mg, La and Ce
NP13AP150 37.94 0.00 23.42 13.81 0.30 0.00 23.54 0.00 0.00 99.01 310 DE12C14 CEG V 3 31 Perfect third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated and variable Ce and La
NP13AP150 37.94 0.00 23.42 13.81 0.30 0.00 23.54 0.00 0.00 99.01 310 DE12C15 CEG V 1 17 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce and La until increase in Mg, Ce and La
NP13AP150 38.10 0.00 23.69 13.49 0.28 0.00 23.52 0.00 0.00 99.08 310 DE12C19 CEG V 1 14 Reasonable middle slices of signal integrated after initial highly elevated Sr until increase in Ce and La
NP13AP178 38.21 0.00 22.81 14.62 0.07 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 99.41 280 JA13B02 BIG R 1 16 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial minor K and irregularity in Al until increase in Na, Mg, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP178 37.89 0.00 23.49 13.58 0.00 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 98.31 280 JA13B03 BIG R 1 10 Reasonable slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr and Ce until sharp increase in Mg and K
NP13AP178 38.08 0.00 22.98 14.35 0.35 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 99.57 280 JA13B04 BIG R 1 10 Reasonable slices in first quarter of signal integrated until spike in K and Y
NP13AP178 37.89 0.00 23.37 14.60 1.02 0.00 22.83 0.00 0.00 99.71 280 JA13B06 BIG R 2 22 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial slow increase in counts until step increase in Na, still minor K throughout
NP13AP178 37.69 0.00 21.67 15.56 0.00 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 98.45 280 JA13B11 BIG R 1 15 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in U, however U elevated throughout
NP13AP178 37.97 0.00 21.97 16.24 0.65 0.00 23.24 0.00 0.00 100.07 280 JA13B16 BIG R 1 14 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated after initially elevated Sr, Mn, Ce, La and Y, and bump in Na, until increase in K, Na and Sr
NP13AP178 38.01 0.00 21.94 15.01 0.00 0.00 24.02 0.00 0.00 98.99 280 JA13B17 BIG R 0 6 Good but limited few slices in first quarter integrated after initial spike in Mg until increase in Mg, K and Ce
NP13AP178 38.63 0.00 21.20 17.94 0.00 0.00 24.09 0.00 0.00 101.87 280 JA13B18 BIG R 2 21 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until large spike in Zr, Y and Th
NP13AP178 38.63 0.00 21.20 17.94 0.00 0.00 24.09 0.00 0.00 101.87 280 JA13B19 BIG R 4 45 Perfect middle section of signal integrated in-between spikes in Na
620
NP13AP178 38.95 0.00 23.47 14.28 0.00 0.00 24.30 0.00 0.00 101.01 280 JA13B20 BIG R 0 6 Good few slices in middle section of signal in-between elevated Na until large spike in Zr, Th and U
NP13AP178 38.81 0.00 21.71 16.36 0.00 0.00 24.23 0.00 0.00 101.11 280 JA13B21 BIG R 1 11 Reasonable few slices integrated in first quarter of signal after initial spike in La, Ti and K until small bump in K, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP178 37.86 0.00 22.86 14.80 1.02 0.00 22.35 0.00 0.00 98.89 280 JA13B22 BIG R 1 16 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until sharp increase in K, Mg, Na, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP178 38.78 0.00 24.15 13.41 0.40 0.00 24.04 0.00 0.00 100.78 280 JA13B23 BIG R 1 16 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until beginning of continual increase in Ce, La, Y and U
NP13AP178 37.46 0.00 19.84 18.80 0.00 0.00 23.06 0.00 0.00 99.16 280 JA13B24 BIG R 4 41 Good middle section of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce, La and Y, but does have very minor K
NP13AP178 38.83 0.00 21.75 16.50 0.50 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 101.39 280 JA13B25 BIG R 1 12 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Na
NP13AP178 37.89 0.00 20.43 18.14 0.00 0.00 23.63 0.00 0.00 100.09 280 JA13B26 BIG R 0 5 Few reasonable slices integrated in first quarter of signal until small blip in K
NP13AP178 38.83 0.00 21.75 16.50 0.50 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 101.39 280 JA13B27 BIG R 1 10 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated and irregular Mg and K until small step increase in K
NP13AP178 37.61 0.00 22.43 14.97 0.57 0.00 22.79 0.00 0.00 98.37 280 JA13B28 BIG R 0 7 Reasonable first few slices integrated until K, Mg, Ce, Sb, Y, La, As, Sr and Ti begin to continually increase
NP13AP179 38.06 0.00 21.54 16.57 0.00 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 99.73 288 DE14B01 BIG R 4 52 Very good first half of signal integrated until bump in Na
NP13AP179 37.69 0.00 21.11 16.46 0.00 0.00 23.49 0.00 0.00 98.75 288 DE14B02 BIG R 2 27 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce and La until small step increase in Sr
NP13AP179 37.99 0.00 21.37 16.03 0.00 0.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 99.39 288 DE14B03 BIG R 1 18 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Mg, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP179 37.44 0.00 21.05 16.61 0.00 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 98.63 288 DE14B04 BIG R 2 23 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, Zr and U until large sharp increase in Ti, Zr and La
NP13AP179 37.14 0.00 21.52 15.71 0.76 0.00 22.78 0.00 0.00 97.91 288 DE14B06 BIG R 1 15 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until sharp increase in K, Mg, Ce, La and Pb
NP13AP179 37.14 0.00 21.52 15.71 0.76 0.00 22.78 0.00 0.00 97.91 288 DE14B07 BIG R 1 16 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce and La
NP13AP179 37.97 0.00 21.80 15.54 0.00 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 98.80 288 DE14B08 BIG R 4 41 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce and La, good example of zonation in Sr and Mn
NP13AP179 37.97 0.00 21.80 15.54 0.00 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 98.80 288 DE14B09 BIG R 1 11 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Mg until increase in Na, K, Ce, Mg, La and Zr
NP13AP179 37.69 0.00 22.06 15.17 0.59 0.00 23.07 0.00 0.00 98.57 288 DE14B10 BIG R 1 14 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Ce until large spike in K
NP13AP179 37.95 0.00 24.13 13.21 0.00 0.00 23.69 0.00 0.00 98.98 288 DE14B12 BIG R 1 17 Good first quarter of signal integrated until gradual increase in Ce, La, Y, Bi, U and Zr
NP13AP179 37.74 0.00 21.03 16.17 0.00 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 98.51 288 DE14B13 BIG R 3 36 Very good middle section of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce and Sr
NP13AP179 37.61 0.00 20.77 18.29 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 100.25 288 DE14B15 BIG R 1 16 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La, Y and U until spike in same elements and Sr
NP13AP179 38.12 0.00 23.43 13.40 0.00 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 98.76 288 DE14B17 BIG R 4 46 Very good middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr and Pb until increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP179 37.84 0.00 21.80 15.88 0.00 0.00 24.11 0.00 0.00 99.64 288 DE14B18 BIG R 1 13 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La, Na and K
NP13AP179 38.70 0.00 22.14 16.38 0.00 0.00 23.67 0.00 0.00 100.90 288 DE14B19 BIG R 0 7 Poor, but first few slices integrated until grain begins to be ablated through
NP13AP181 38.31 0.00 23.34 13.25 0.36 0.00 24.01 0.00 0.00 99.27 272 JA06B02 CEG V 3 39 Excellent first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP181 38.14 0.47 21.62 15.64 0.00 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 99.78 272 JA06B03 CEG V 4 56 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La and U
NP13AP181 38.14 0.47 21.62 15.64 0.00 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 99.78 272 JA06B04 CEG V 4 42 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial broad hump in Ce, Zr, U and Ti
NP13AP181 38.36 0.00 24.62 12.21 0.43 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 99.26 272 JA06B05 CEG V 4 45 Reasonable middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La and Sr until bump in Sr

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP121 9.2 482 119380 177386 10.7 129 175 7913 47229 0.5 <0.5 8.4 11.8 1532 0.4 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.9 0.8 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 33.8 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP121 <5.2 454 123765 187025 50.0 143 191 8211 47506 0.3 <0.5 5.2 2.5 1842 2.6 0.1 0.7 <0.1 2.3 0.6 3.0 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 27.1 0.2 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP121 6.7 413 120003 187368 8.1 138 209 6218 49934 0.5 <0.5 9.5 9.8 2198 1.4 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 2.6 4.2 1.8 5.5 8.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 43.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.5
NP13AP121 15.0 319 124235 181752 7.2 55 254 13007 48339 0.3 <0.4 10.4 6.7 3684 1.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 2.0 2.1 1.7 2.5 4.7 0.6 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 29.0 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 25.3 629 129502 189219 17.0 93 171 5297 45457 0.4 <0.5 9.1 9.6 1615 1.4 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.8 1.1 3.4 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 38.7 0.5 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP121 25.3 447 115074 174069 13.6 22 32 4212 48188 0.3 <0.4 5.5 2.7 718 0.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 0.2 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 13.9 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP121 16.3 447 116568 184441 7.6 77 82 3880 52794 0.3 <0.3 6.4 3.4 1326 0.3 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 1.3 0.2 1.3 1.8 2.7 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 22.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP121 39.5 625 129904 198410 <6.3 102 74 7817 52027 0.4 <0.4 7.2 6.1 1527 0.4 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 2.3 0.5 3.1 1.6 2.3 0.8 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.8 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP150 6.7 303 132876 194463 <6.8 246 449 2406 45850 0.4 0.5 7.2 7.4 4231 0.9 3.4 <0.1 <0.1 2.5 11.4 3.6 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 68.0 1.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP150 7.8 1140 131645 190069 <8.4 282 238 2503 46431 1.3 <0.6 23.4 2.8 1825 0.7 0.8 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 2.3 2.6 3.4 4.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 75.3 0.6 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP150 12.5 675 118021 175957 <9.7 1182 539 1870 51467 0.4 <0.7 8.7 <1.4 916 1.7 0.6 <0.3 <0.1 1.3 <0.2 <0.4 9.3 13.0 0.4 0.4 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 24.3 0.1 0.1 0.2
NP13AP150 <5.0 819 127439 193461 <5.9 1794 1883 2272 50742 0.3 <0.5 12.8 4.9 5872 0.3 11.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.3 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 60.4 0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP150 35.8 491 130275 196664 <27.5 87 218 5417 54546 <0.7 <1.9 5.3 <2.9 1673 <0.2 <0.5 <0.6 <0.3 2.3 <0.5 <1.0 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.5 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 <0.3 <0.2 42.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.2
NP13AP150 <11.2 609 123469 185262 <13.3 133 162 4834 50239 0.4 <1.1 6.5 <1.7 1824 <0.1 <0.3 <0.3 <0.2 <0.9 <0.3 2.1 1.1 1.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 34.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP150 <13.3 1332 124127 189244 <18.7 1909 1043 2316 53933 0.7 <1.4 14.0 12.7 2001 1.4 0.8 <0.5 <0.3 1.6 <0.6 <0.8 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.1 <0.3 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 45.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP150 10.7 546 132471 183427 <13.8 806 760 4735 44320 <0.4 <1.2 9.2 3.4 7369 6.5 6.7 <0.4 <0.2 3.3 0.9 1.0 3.6 4.0 2.8 1.0 0.2 0.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 44.7 0.1 <0.1 1.2
NP13AP150 <19.5 1490 129027 188968 <19.5 587 183 2126 53094 0.9 1.5 11.6 <2.6 604 2.5 <0.3 <0.6 <0.3 <1.4 <0.4 <0.8 8.5 10.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 16.4 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP178 8.6 188 125232 188533 59.1 386 229 2075 39258 0.6 <0.5 5.4 2.2 1534 1.8 2.0 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 0.7 1.3 1.7 3.3 1.1 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP178 15.9 402 130293 190745 63.9 333 221 2305 34563 0.8 <0.7 8.8 5.8 2355 8.3 2.5 0.2 <0.1 0.9 4.0 1.4 3.8 7.8 0.9 1.1 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.0 <0.0 0.1 0.5
NP13AP178 9.0 468 125815 177297 99.2 30 32 2602 35726 0.5 <0.6 8.6 5.0 1077 1.5 0.4 <0.3 <0.1 <0.5 0.7 0.9 3.1 6.3 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 12.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP178 18.4 519 120266 180309 90.6 221 356 3056 37537 0.6 <0.4 8.2 5.4 1264 5.0 0.8 <0.1 <0.1 1.7 0.9 7.5 5.5 6.7 1.4 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 26.7 0.1 0.0 0.2
NP13AP178 <5.6 290 123291 189133 12.1 1302 1227 4117 37775 0.6 <0.6 6.4 3.3 3812 1.5 0.7 <0.3 <0.1 3.5 0.9 1.9 0.4 0.6 2.5 0.3 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.4 0.1 <0.0 1.8
NP13AP178 28.8 348 122152 202033 21.7 94 42 1656 45934 0.9 <0.8 8.6 3.3 399 4.4 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 1.4 <0.3 1.3 2.2 4.6 2.0 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 10.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP178 <8.9 197 124910 180576 29.3 353 106 1895 42383 0.4 <0.9 3.5 2.5 1417 4.4 0.9 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 0.3 7.1 1.3 2.2 1.4 0.5 0.1 <0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 19.8 <0.1 0.1 0.2
NP13AP178 <5.5 302 116994 189101 <8.0 133 258 891 47941 0.3 <0.5 2.4 2.3 1197 0.7 2.0 0.3 <0.1 1.0 <0.2 0.2 1.0 1.5 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.9 <0.0 0.1 0.1
NP13AP178 28.5 324 121213 194412 19.6 88 201 773 50290 0.3 <0.4 2.8 2.6 1109 0.8 0.8 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.1 <0.3 1.0 1.5 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
621
NP13AP178 26.0 360 124947 200602 <14.2 157 126 947 50183 0.4 <0.7 3.5 <1.5 725 1.4 6.4 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 <0.3 <0.5 2.3 3.2 0.3 <0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 3.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP178 27.9 572 126297 194482 52.3 546 113 1782 48410 0.7 <0.6 7.5 1.7 1398 1.1 1.6 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.2 0.4 1.0 1.9 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 6.4 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP178 <6.3 393 127501 177808 8.5 288 424 4512 39336 0.8 <0.6 9.3 3.9 4046 1.0 4.0 0.2 <0.1 1.4 2.3 1.7 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 21.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP178 28.7 330 129305 187382 <7.7 385 70 2925 43513 0.8 <0.5 6.3 2.5 817 5.0 0.7 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 0.3 3.1 2.3 3.9 2.1 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 7.6 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP178 9.7 307 112513 193470 98.5 105 369 1987 53667 1.1 <0.5 5.9 3.8 2814 1.1 3.8 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 1.1 3.3 1.5 3.1 1.5 <0.1 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 19.2 <0.0 0.2 0.2
NP13AP178 10.9 355 115607 177213 27.5 102 125 3250 47369 1.0 <0.7 10.9 6.1 1819 3.1 1.2 <0.3 <0.1 0.9 1.3 10.8 1.6 2.9 1.8 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 30.6 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP178 <9.6 252 116970 182938 45.1 150 200 2126 47985 0.6 <0.8 6.6 4.7 2566 4.3 0.4 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 0.9 12.9 2.3 5.1 3.8 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 25.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP178 <10.3 367 120134 204346 16.8 74 95 2076 52207 0.7 1.4 6.4 5.4 779 3.3 0.4 <0.3 0.1 1.1 1.1 2.4 1.5 3.5 2.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 17.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP178 17.8 292 119726 167413 32.7 78 266 2106 43336 0.5 <0.9 7.9 4.8 1943 0.5 1.2 <0.3 <0.1 <1.0 2.1 1.5 0.3 0.7 0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 12.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP179 5.5 534 120148 200948 6.5 38 112 2370 62743 0.5 <0.4 5.1 3.1 1575 0.8 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 0.2 2.9 2.1 3.3 0.3 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 9.9 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP179 <5.8 350 116707 199864 <6.9 317 367 1263 66760 0.5 <0.6 6.8 1.1 1847 2.1 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 <0.2 2.7 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 12.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP179 <5.6 325 124658 192712 <7.1 141 134 4270 55567 0.3 <0.5 2.4 2.0 3087 1.8 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.6 0.2 1.3 0.9 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 20.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP179 6.9 466 118861 195645 <7.1 150 269 1622 59612 0.8 <0.5 8.4 3.6 1669 0.7 1.8 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 0.6 2.7 4.4 6.9 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 16.3 <0.1 0.2 0.1
NP13AP179 13.4 459 115819 183120 39.7 21 57 2600 56051 0.6 <0.7 9.0 2.4 2044 0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.6 1.2 10.0 0.5 0.8 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 18.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP179 7.8 499 114859 186565 14.9 127 104 1674 53441 0.8 <0.7 9.4 5.1 1013 0.6 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 <0.6 1.0 4.8 6.2 10.0 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.4 <0.0 0.1 <0.0
NP13AP179 <9.0 509 120898 209629 <9.1 122 197 2312 65231 0.8 <0.9 7.1 2.3 1179 0.1 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 1.5 0.3 5.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP179 8.2 526 116553 178572 41.5 273 213 1623 53677 1.2 <0.8 12.2 2.4 631 0.5 0.6 <0.3 <0.1 0.9 0.2 2.2 3.8 6.3 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 7.7 <0.1 0.1 0.1
NP13AP179 19.9 575 123201 182049 9.2 130 266 4185 52609 0.8 <0.6 11.2 8.6 2874 0.4 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 1.3 16.4 0.6 0.9 0.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 29.8 <0.0 0.0 0.1
NP13AP179 <9.9 350 130254 186768 <11.8 63 36 3983 53074 0.5 <1.1 8.6 6.4 1194 0.8 0.4 <0.5 <0.1 1.1 <0.3 5.1 1.5 1.6 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 54.9 0.2 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP179 <8.0 452 118711 197210 <7.8 156 56 1033 61075 0.7 <0.6 7.4 4.6 280 0.6 0.3 <0.3 <0.1 <0.6 <0.2 0.6 1.1 1.5 0.8 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 15.8 0.1 0.1 <0.0
NP13AP179 <9.9 402 118223 202813 <8.5 347 166 844 65031 0.8 <0.8 7.5 4.2 362 2.8 0.3 <0.3 <0.1 1.4 <0.2 <0.4 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 9.6 <0.1 0.1 0.5
NP13AP179 <5.8 425 128888 198380 <6.3 23 15 1050 58464 0.9 <0.5 7.7 3.8 197 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 <0.3 0.5 0.6 1.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 16.8 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP179 <7.6 237 121513 184469 <6.8 19 99 1090 57407 0.3 <0.6 3.2 1.0 1540 <0.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.9 <0.2 3.3 0.2 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 9.4 <0.1 0.0 <0.0
NP13AP179 <8.4 519 106283 192242 <8.8 111 13 1488 52447 1.1 <0.9 13.4 4.5 245 0.2 0.7 <0.2 <0.1 <0.7 <0.1 <0.4 1.1 1.1 0.4 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 13.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP181 11.6 969 125714 194491 7.7 338 111 3028 31611 1.5 <0.4 19.2 22.0 695 2.1 0.6 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 1.1 1.8 2.6 3.0 0.6 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 39.0 0.1 0.5 0.2
NP13AP181 <5.8 723 130152 214349 <6.7 790 207 3718 34565 1.5 <0.6 13.2 20.0 659 0.1 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.2 1.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 46.6 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP181 7.1 701 124867 209748 <9.8 1277 388 2657 34053 1.3 <0.6 13.2 14.2 815 0.2 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.0 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 55.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP181 <5.5 196 130648 200133 <7.8 1274 402 3170 30880 0.4 0.4 6.1 1.6 677 8.5 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 3.2 0.4 0.6 1.9 3.3 2.0 1.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 45.3 0.1 <0.0 1.1

(oC)
NP13AP181 37.91 0.00 22.49 15.03 0.00 0.00 23.88 0.00 0.00 99.30 272 JA06B06 CEG V 4 94 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP181 37.91 0.00 22.49 15.03 0.00 0.00 23.88 0.00 0.00 99.30 272 JA06B07 CEG V 4 83 Excellent signal integrated until small bump in Sr in last quarter
NP13AP181 37.91 0.00 22.49 15.03 0.00 0.00 23.88 0.00 0.00 99.30 272 JA06B08 CEG V 3 33 Very good last half of signal integrated after broad hump in Sr, Pb, Sb and Ce
NP13AP181 38.06 0.00 23.32 14.51 0.54 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 100.09 272 JA06B09 CEG V 4 99 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP181 38.36 0.00 24.62 12.21 0.43 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 99.26 272 JA06B14 CEG V 2 23 Good first quarter of signal integrated until hump in Sr and Pb
NP13AP181 37.76 0.00 23.39 14.48 0.45 0.00 23.86 0.00 0.00 99.94 272 JA06B15 CEG V 4 56 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP181 38.36 0.00 24.62 12.21 0.43 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 99.26 272 JA06B17 CEG V 4 40 Good first half of signal integrated until bump in Ce, La and U
NP13AP181 37.44 0.00 22.71 14.07 0.48 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 97.95 272 JA06B19 CEG V 1 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in Ce, La, Y, Eu and Sr
NP13AP181 37.44 0.00 22.71 14.07 0.48 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 97.95 272 JA06B20 CEG V 4 40 Very good first half of signal integrated until large increase in Ce, La, Y, V and Sr
NP13AP182 37.59 0.00 23.17 13.85 0.00 0.00 23.77 0.00 0.00 98.38 261 DE14A08 CEG V 1 16 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Sb
NP13AP182 37.89 0.43 22.30 14.85 0.00 0.00 23.88 0.00 0.00 99.35 261 DE14A10 CEG V 2 23 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Sr, Ce, U and La
NP13AP182 37.44 0.00 21.56 15.86 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 98.44 261 DE14A16 CEG V 4 50 Perfect first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ce and La with decrease in Sr
NP13AP182 38.31 0.00 22.60 15.17 0.27 0.00 23.80 0.00 0.00 100.15 261 DE14A17 CEG V 4 102 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP182 37.69 0.00 23.01 14.71 0.00 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 98.95 261 DE14A18 CEG V 2 21 Good last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr, Ce, La and U
NP13AP182 38.31 0.00 22.60 15.17 0.27 0.00 23.80 0.00 0.00 100.15 261 DE14A19 CEG V 1 11 Good first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Y and U
NP13AP182 37.80 0.00 22.49 16.24 0.54 0.00 23.24 0.00 0.00 100.31 261 DE14A20 CEG V 4 99 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP182 38.08 0.00 23.62 14.35 0.00 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 99.71 261 DE14A22 CEG V 4 59 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Mg
NP13AP182 38.08 0.00 23.62 14.35 0.00 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 99.71 261 DE14A23 CEG V 4 100 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP182 38.08 0.00 23.62 14.35 0.00 0.00 23.66 0.00 0.00 99.71 261 DE14A24 CEG V 4 58 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce and Mn
NP13AP182 37.72 0.00 23.17 14.23 0.60 0.00 23.05 0.00 0.00 98.76 261 DE14A25 CEG V 1 18 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce and Zr
NP13AP182 37.72 0.00 23.17 14.23 0.60 0.00 23.05 0.00 0.00 98.76 261 DE14A26 CEG V 2 22 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La and Y until increase in Sr and Pb
NP13AP185+186 37.07 0.00 24.47 12.18 1.32 0.00 22.68 0.00 0.00 97.72 258 DE14D01 ASG V 2 22 Good last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated K, Sr and Sb
NP13AP185+186 37.95 0.00 23.94 13.57 0.00 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 99.01 258 DE14D02 ASG V 3 38 Excellent first half of signal integrated until large step increase in Ce, La, Mg and Mn
622
NP13AP185+186 37.03 0.32 24.15 12.24 1.63 0.00 22.50 0.00 0.00 97.86 258 DE14D03 ASG V 0 5 Poor but good first few slices integrated until large variation in K and Mg begins
NP13AP185+186 37.07 0.00 24.75 12.85 1.54 0.00 22.33 0.00 0.00 98.55 258 DE14D05 ASG V 2 21 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mg and detection of K
NP13AP185+186 37.61 0.00 22.60 14.44 0.00 0.00 24.09 0.00 0.00 98.74 258 DE14D06 ASG V 3 30 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La and Mg
NP13AP185+186 37.41 0.00 24.62 12.32 1.41 0.00 22.42 0.00 0.00 98.18 258 DE14D07 ASG V 1 14 Poor, but few slices in first quarter integrated after initial signal irregularity until increase in K, Mg and Na
NP13AP185+186 37.61 0.00 23.11 13.10 0.00 0.00 23.73 0.00 0.00 97.54 258 DE14D08 ASG V 3 32 Perfect first half of signal integrated until bump in Na and Mg followed by detection and increase in K
NP13AP185+186 37.63 0.00 22.26 15.10 0.00 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 98.44 258 DE14D09 ASG V 1 10 Poor, but a few reasonable slices in last quarter of signal integrated after large irregularities in Mg until increase in Ce and La
NP13AP185+186 37.63 0.00 22.26 15.10 0.00 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 98.44 258 DE14D10 ASG V 0 6 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until large increase in K, Mg, Ce and La
NP13AP185+186 37.09 0.00 22.14 15.67 0.50 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 98.76 258 DE14D12 ASG V 2 20 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce, Sb, Y, Mg and K
NP13AP187 37.20 0.00 21.33 16.28 0.41 0.00 23.13 0.00 0.00 98.36 258 DE14C02 CEG V 4 65 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until step increase in Sr and Mn
NP13AP187 37.01 0.00 20.09 17.99 0.87 0.00 22.65 0.00 0.00 98.60 258 DE14C03 CEG V 2 20 Excellent last quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La, Sr and Mn
NP13AP187 37.03 0.00 19.84 18.19 0.00 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 98.59 258 DE14C08 CEG V 1 13 Good first few slices integrated until large increase in Cu, Ce, La, Y and Sr
NP13AP187 37.09 0.00 19.29 19.54 0.00 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 99.49 258 DE14C09 CEG V 2 20 Excellent last quarter of signal after initial elevated and spiky Cu and Sb
NP13AP187 37.63 0.00 19.37 19.19 0.00 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 99.59 258 DE14C10 CEG V 2 21 Reasonable last quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Sr, Ce and La with spiky Cu
NP13AP187 37.76 0.00 19.92 18.80 0.00 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 100.41 258 DE14C11 CEG V 3 36 Excellent first half of signal integrated until bump in Ce, La and Mg
NP13AP187 37.84 0.00 21.16 17.14 0.00 0.00 23.77 0.00 0.00 99.92 258 DE14C12 CEG V 2 20 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until large spikes in Mg
NP13AP187 37.37 0.00 19.48 17.97 0.00 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 98.53 258 DE14C13 CEG V 3 34 Perfect first half of signal integrated until step increase in Mg, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP187 36.86 0.00 19.97 18.16 0.00 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 98.24 258 DE14C14 CEG V 4 46 Excellent first half of signal integrated until bump in Ce, La and Eu
NP13AP187 37.69 0.00 20.80 17.51 0.00 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 99.82 258 DE14C15 CEG V 3 35 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce and La with decrease in Mg
NP13AP187 37.95 0.00 20.16 18.09 0.00 0.00 24.16 0.00 0.00 100.36 258 DE14C16 CEG V 3 37 Excellent first half of signal integrated until continual increase in Ce, La, Y, Sr and Mn
NP13AP187 38.21 0.00 23.13 14.05 0.00 0.00 24.29 0.00 0.00 99.68 258 DE14C17 CEG V 3 36 Excellent first half of signal integrated until decrease in Pb and Mg with increase in Ce
NP13AP187 36.79 0.00 19.42 18.39 0.00 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 98.01 258 DE14C18 CEG V 2 26 Good first half of signal integrated until steep increase in Mg, with bump in Ce, La, Y and U
NP13AP187 37.67 0.00 20.24 17.16 0.00 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 98.47 258 DE14C19 CEG V 4 53 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP187 37.14 0.00 19.33 20.09 0.00 0.00 23.69 0.00 0.00 100.24 258 DE14C20 CEG V 1 10 Good first few slices integrated until increase in Ce and Sr as grain is ablated through
NP13AP189 36.84 0.00 22.05 14.87 0.35 0.00 23.28 0.00 0.00 97.39 305 JA13C01 BIG RAV 1 14 Poor, but first few slices integrated good except for increasing V. Integrated until grain begins to be ablated through
NP13AP189 36.84 0.00 22.05 14.87 0.35 0.00 23.28 0.00 0.00 97.39 305 JA13C02 BIG RAV 0 9 Poor slices in first quarter integrated with minor K spikes until sharp increase in Na, Mg, K and Ce
NP13AP189 37.69 0.00 23.68 14.07 0.00 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 99.19 305 JA13C03 BIG RAV 0 6 Reasonable few slices in first quarter integrated in-between elevated Na, La and Ce
NP13AP189 38.10 0.00 23.15 14.07 0.00 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 99.23 305 JA13C04 BIG RAV 0 7 Reasonable first few slices integrated until increase in V, Pb, Ce, La and Sb
NP13AP189 37.29 0.00 21.05 16.78 0.00 0.00 24.04 0.00 0.00 99.16 305 JA13C05 ASG V 0 7 Good but limited first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Mn, Sr, Ce, La, Y, Sb, Eu, Th, Zr and U

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP181 6.0 595 122439 194420 6.2 163 124 2045 34052 1.0 <0.4 9.3 10.2 481 1.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 1.5 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 21.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP181 4.2 614 121359 194372 <5.8 161 117 2008 34112 1.0 <0.4 9.7 9.3 397 0.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.4 0.2 <0.3 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 17.6 0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP181 <6.4 716 124999 201142 <9.0 1107 278 2471 34827 1.3 <0.6 11.9 13.2 426 0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 0.9 <0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 27.4 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP181 <4.1 527 120180 194446 <5.4 315 177 2095 35019 0.8 <0.3 8.5 6.8 686 1.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 33.4 0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP181 <3.3 668 123024 189467 <4.8 423 156 2868 33297 1.4 <0.4 10.5 11.5 518 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 29.7 0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP181 4.7 682 125045 191935 <5.7 654 193 2729 33420 1.2 <0.3 11.3 10.8 665 0.3 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 1.6 0.9 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 34.9 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP181 4.0 639 120424 188670 <6.0 251 123 1862 32697 1.1 <0.3 11.0 7.1 471 0.6 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 0.2 0.7 0.7 1.6 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 18.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP181 4.4 663 128053 194506 <5.7 208 115 2079 32411 1.1 <0.3 9.6 11.4 640 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 33.4 0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP181 6.9 725 124654 193649 <5.7 650 200 2120 32506 1.2 <0.4 13.0 19.7 517 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 36.3 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP181 4.7 209 127887 186476 <5.5 870 302 3918 29811 0.4 <0.3 9.0 3.4 1284 7.2 0.1 0.1 <0.0 3.7 0.5 1.3 1.8 2.4 1.6 1.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 72.4 0.2 <0.0 1.2
NP13AP181 11.5 901 122598 187763 <9.8 593 50 2633 30717 1.2 <0.6 14.6 16.0 656 2.0 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 0.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.7 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 29.7 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP181 19.0 961 126358 192364 12.5 662 74 3702 31170 1.4 <0.5 17.6 28.4 931 2.3 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 1.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 0.8 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 51.1 0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP182 <4.8 160 116530 175250 <7.4 367 577 2800 41803 0.2 <0.5 4.1 2.5 3995 1.9 5.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.9 1.1 0.5 1.9 3.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 67.4 0.1 0.2 0.2
NP13AP182 <7.1 399 135303 206885 <9.2 820 685 2907 43043 0.7 <0.6 5.7 3.7 2589 1.8 7.7 <0.2 <0.1 1.6 2.0 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 26.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP182 <3.9 690 117271 186235 <5.8 291 540 834 50523 0.6 <0.4 5.0 4.3 2270 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.8 0.3 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 34.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP182 5.3 609 127660 196365 <6.1 565 509 2147 47986 1.1 <0.4 6.3 5.5 1280 0.1 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 0.6 <0.3 0.5 0.9 0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 30.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP182 <9.2 725 131038 210188 <11.7 867 571 1693 53091 0.8 <0.7 7.1 5.1 1220 <0.1 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 2.3 0.4 0.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 31.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP182 <6.3 518 123504 181712 <6.3 779 542 1318 48364 0.6 <0.6 4.8 2.2 2835 0.8 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 0.8 3.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 49.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP182 5.8 506 117920 194226 <4.6 169 479 2962 57293 0.8 <0.3 8.3 3.1 2584 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.6 0.3 9.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 31.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP182 5.3 159 130696 202086 <7.9 284 618 1373 52591 0.5 <0.5 2.4 1.5 3691 0.5 1.0 <0.2 <0.1 2.0 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 60.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP182 <4.2 658 123480 194781 <5.5 299 539 1346 56206 0.7 <0.4 5.1 3.0 2071 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 1.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 28.6 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP182 <4.0 155 130088 189471 <5.6 262 615 1617 47547 0.4 <0.4 2.6 1.2 2976 1.0 2.6 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.4 0.5 0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 0.0 <0.0 40.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP182 <5.2 501 121611 172674 <5.5 748 464 1133 42744 0.7 <0.5 4.2 1.4 1460 0.2 2.2 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.4 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP182 <6.4 670 122080 196718 <9.4 661 646 1038 56505 0.7 <0.8 5.4 4.1 845 0.8 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 <0.2 <0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP185+186 <17.5 535 120609 190055 <19.4 772 273 2461 56165 0.8 <1.4 11.2 10.8 1492 1.6 1.4 <0.6 <0.2 1.4 2.0 <0.8 1.4 2.3 0.3 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 39.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP185+186 <9.4 303 123548 191789 7.9 551 242 1842 50663 0.8 <0.6 5.4 9.9 2228 2.1 4.0 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 5.9 0.9 2.6 4.5 0.3 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 62.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.5
623
NP13AP185+186 12.3 549 116075 170171 <14.1 745 215 7880 45927 0.6 <1.3 8.9 15.5 2739 2.2 2.7 <0.4 <0.2 1.8 5.2 <0.7 5.2 8.4 0.7 <0.3 0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 50.5 <0.1 0.1 0.4
NP13AP185+186 11.7 630 129329 187030 <9.5 922 175 9788 44404 1.0 <1.0 6.2 13.6 3065 2.4 0.6 <0.2 <0.1 2.2 2.2 0.6 2.2 3.1 0.6 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 48.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.7
NP13AP185+186 10.2 489 122493 193388 21.8 151 199 2789 55341 0.7 <0.7 5.4 4.4 1933 0.4 0.3 <0.3 <0.1 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 32.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP185+186 142.7 547 130326 180896 12.9 706 118 6031 43838 1.0 <1.1 7.4 14.5 2627 3.4 2.4 <0.3 <0.1 1.4 4.4 0.8 4.1 6.0 0.5 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 62.1 <0.1 0.0 0.6
NP13AP185+186 9.4 406 125332 194860 9.2 761 242 2874 54814 0.6 <0.8 5.8 3.1 1870 1.8 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 1.7 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 28.4 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP185+186 <21.1 556 119652 194742 <19.5 722 220 1863 59992 0.8 <2.4 9.2 <2.9 1359 1.6 1.0 <0.7 <0.3 1.6 <0.6 <0.9 0.2 0.6 0.2 <0.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 29.4 <0.2 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP185+186 <15.5 458 127863 184132 <15.4 1036 379 3559 48675 0.6 <1.5 3.7 5.4 1685 0.5 0.9 <0.4 <0.2 2.4 0.6 <0.8 0.2 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 22.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP185+186 13.4 370 125766 198528 13.3 648 260 3531 58170 0.4 <1.1 4.5 2.7 2241 1.6 0.3 <0.3 <0.2 2.8 1.6 0.7 0.7 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 27.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP187 4.3 222 112913 182084 <4.9 329 539 1476 60379 0.2 <0.5 4.6 2.2 1700 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.8 <0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 6.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP187 <8.3 190 106749 194614 <8.8 223 596 1043 72439 <0.3 <0.8 2.6 1.8 852 1.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 <0.3 0.6 1.7 2.1 0.8 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 4.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP187 <7.0 167 113499 181478 <7.0 192 528 2133 64521 <0.2 <0.6 3.6 1.0 2338 1.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 <0.2 2.4 4.3 5.3 1.6 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 9.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP187 <9.2 343 117771 200466 <7.8 243 402 5640 70800 0.6 1.2 5.1 2.3 4967 7.6 1.5 <0.3 <0.1 2.2 <0.3 5.7 11.2 14.8 1.7 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 17.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.7
NP13AP187 26.3 249 111252 203886 <9.1 78 418 2621 71199 0.3 0.9 5.0 1.6 3454 1.3 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 0.4 1.8 1.6 2.3 1.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 14.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP187 6.8 283 116191 188353 <5.6 455 713 1752 65040 0.5 <0.5 6.1 2.2 1897 0.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2.3 <0.1 0.8 1.6 2.5 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 7.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP187 8.6 253 117120 186308 <5.0 521 694 1696 61351 0.3 <0.5 6.2 1.8 2110 1.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 2.8 <0.1 0.5 2.7 3.3 1.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.7 <0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP187 <4.7 226 110549 186845 <5.3 614 544 1875 65439 0.3 <0.4 4.5 1.0 1793 2.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 1.4 10.1 13.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP187 <4.1 276 109290 186214 <4.0 652 565 2192 65244 0.3 <0.4 5.5 1.4 2095 7.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 0.1 1.5 15.4 18.4 0.9 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 7.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP187 6.9 430 113400 188465 <5.0 289 359 2609 63500 0.3 <0.5 5.5 <0.6 1355 2.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 <0.1 0.8 4.6 6.3 0.6 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 6.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP187 <4.7 202 116769 191174 <5.5 404 426 987 62196 0.3 <0.4 2.8 1.4 535 2.9 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 <0.3 4.9 7.3 0.9 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 3.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP187 6.2 440 128346 193283 13.1 424 234 2237 51116 0.3 <0.6 8.0 3.8 1394 3.5 0.9 <0.1 <0.1 1.1 1.3 0.8 6.9 8.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 13.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP187 9.4 360 113015 183284 <6.0 269 368 3597 62054 0.3 2.0 7.8 4.3 2889 4.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 0.5 4.2 17.3 25.3 0.8 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.8 <0.0 0.1 0.5
NP13AP187 <4.2 254 112913 190652 <5.8 67 462 2222 65435 0.4 <0.4 4.2 2.2 2400 1.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 0.2 3.0 3.8 5.8 0.4 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 10.6 <0.0 0.0 0.1
NP13AP187 <6.6 158 107689 177646 <7.2 86 594 913 63568 0.2 <0.7 3.1 1.6 1372 0.1 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.2 0.3 0.9 1.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP189 40.0 418 118932 187507 <16.0 34 90 3540 44502 <0.5 <1.1 4.4 5.5 1838 0.2 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 0.4 <0.7 0.3 0.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 5.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP189 30.9 583 120615 185243 57.5 186 204 1892 43128 <0.3 <1.0 6.2 4.3 1930 0.9 3.7 <0.3 <0.1 2.2 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.9 <0.1 0.1 0.0
NP13AP189 38.2 447 121519 180969 <16.9 171 121 1602 42928 0.4 <1.1 4.5 <2.1 865 1.3 0.2 <0.4 <0.2 1.1 0.7 0.8 3.8 5.6 0.9 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 8.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP189 <13.7 498 124266 178304 <16.8 405 266 2532 43140 <0.4 <1.6 4.7 2.8 1202 2.2 0.3 <0.4 <0.2 1.9 <0.3 0.6 3.1 4.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 6.9 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP189 <10.8 613 119308 203665 <14.4 411 523 1104 53918 <0.4 <1.3 4.1 19.4 1151 <0.1 <0.2 <0.3 <0.1 <0.9 0.7 0.8 1.6 2.7 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 5.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

(oC)
NP13AP189 38.14 0.00 23.79 13.42 0.00 0.00 24.14 0.00 0.00 99.49 305 JA13C11 BIG RAV 1 12 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated humps in Ce, Y, V, Zr and La
NP13AP189 37.63 0.00 21.99 14.88 0.32 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 98.08 305 JA13C12 BIG RAV 0 5 Reasonable but limited first few slices integrated until continual increase in Ti, Ce, La, Y and Zr
NP13AP189 37.46 0.00 22.83 13.93 0.00 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 97.69 305 JA13C14 BIG RAV 0 8 Good first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Ce and La
NP13AP189 38.12 0.00 22.52 15.34 0.00 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 99.81 305 JA13C17 BIG RAV 1 18 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Mg until step increase in Ce and La
NP13AP193 36.94 0.33 23.77 12.24 0.00 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 96.76 320 DE12B02 BIG V 1 17 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated U and Ce until increase in K, Sr, Ce, La and U
NP13AP193 37.39 0.00 22.56 13.64 0.75 0.00 22.96 0.00 0.00 97.30 320 DE12B03 BIG V 0 7 Poor, but some of first few slices integrated until Ce, La and Y begin to increase
NP13AP193 37.44 0.00 24.07 12.32 0.87 0.00 23.16 0.00 0.00 97.85 320 DE12B04 ASG V 0 5 Poor, but some of first few slices integrated until Ce, La and Y begin to increase
NP13AP193 37.46 0.00 21.96 14.57 0.59 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 97.93 320 DE12B05 ASG V 1 14 Reasonable first to second quarter of signal integrated in-between otherwise elevated Ce, La and Sr
NP13AP193 37.35 0.00 23.20 12.97 0.40 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 97.40 320 DE12B06 ASG V 1 12 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Pb and Sr
NP13AP193 37.89 0.00 23.47 12.84 0.72 0.00 22.83 0.00 0.00 97.75 320 DE12B13 ASG V 2 22 Very good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La and Y until grain is ablated through
NP13AP193 37.38 0.06 22.76 13.76 0.69 0.00 23.28 0.00 0.00 97.93 320 DE12B18 ASG V 1 10 Good second quarter of signal integrated in-between otherwise elevated Ce, Sr, La and Y
NP13AP193 37.74 0.00 23.69 12.70 0.57 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 98.52 320 DE12B22 ASG V 1 16 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP193 37.12 0.00 20.99 16.18 0.65 0.00 23.02 0.00 0.00 97.95 320 DE12B23 ASG V 0 8 Poor, but some reasonable slices with low Ce integrated in second quarter
NP13AP210 38.25 0.00 23.81 13.61 0.00 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 99.24 321 DE14E01 CEG V 1 16 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and Mn
NP13AP210 38.25 0.00 23.81 13.61 0.00 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 99.24 321 DE14E02 CEG V 3 35 Good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr, Pb, La and Ce
NP13AP210 37.97 0.00 23.62 13.51 0.49 0.00 23.72 0.00 0.00 99.31 321 DE14E03 CEG V 3 32 Good middle section of signal integrated in-between elevated Zr, U and Bi
NP13AP210 38.33 0.00 27.28 8.59 0.66 0.00 23.52 0.00 0.00 98.39 321 DE14E04 CEG V 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until bump in Ce and La
NP13AP210 38.40 0.00 24.11 13.70 0.39 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 100.53 321 DE14E05 CEG V 3 30 Good first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La and Ti along with increase in Sr and Mn
NP13AP210 38.00 0.04 24.51 11.96 0.48 0.00 23.50 0.00 0.00 98.49 321 DE14E06 CEG V 2 23 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial signal irregularity until step increase in Ce, Sr and La
NP13AP210 37.78 0.43 23.24 12.60 0.00 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 97.75 321 DE14E07 CEG V 1 17 Good first quarter of signal integrated until beginning of gradual increase in Ce, La and Sr
NP13AP210 38.18 0.00 23.88 12.70 0.63 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 98.93 321 DE14E08 CEG V 3 34 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Sb, U, Ce, La and Pb
NP13AP210 38.07 0.00 24.32 12.66 0.54 0.00 23.49 0.00 0.00 99.08 321 DE14E09 CEG V 2 23 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Zr with decrease in Sr, Ce and La
NP13AP210 38.66 0.00 24.09 13.31 0.39 0.00 24.02 0.00 0.00 100.47 321 DE14E11 CEG V 0 9 Reasonable slices integrated in second quarter of signal in-between elevated Ce, La and Mn
NP13AP210 37.20 0.00 24.32 12.25 0.76 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 97.72 321 DE14E13 CEG V 4 58 Excellent middle of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La and Y until small spike in Sb
NP13AP210 38.08 0.00 24.87 11.88 0.52 0.00 23.71 0.00 0.00 99.06 321 DE14E14 CEG V 3 35 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in U, Ce and La
NP13AP210 38.08 0.00 24.87 11.88 0.52 0.00 23.71 0.00 0.00 99.06 321 DE14E15 CEG V 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in U, Ce, La and Sr
624
NP13AP210 38.03 0.00 25.43 10.71 0.71 0.00 23.30 0.00 0.00 98.18 321 DE14E17 CEG V 4 61 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until large step increase in Ce, La, Mg, K and Na
NP13AP210 38.03 0.00 25.43 10.71 0.71 0.00 23.30 0.00 0.00 98.18 321 DE14E18 CEG V 4 51 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated La, Zr, Ce and Sr
NP13AP210 38.68 0.00 25.34 11.87 0.45 0.00 24.28 0.00 0.00 100.61 321 DE14E19 CEG V 1 17 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La, Y, U and Sr
NP13AP217 38.27 0.00 23.79 11.97 1.27 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 99.05 312 DE14F01 BIG V 2 25 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and K
NP13AP217 37.74 0.00 23.32 13.24 1.06 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 98.53 312 DE14F03 BIG V 1 14 Good first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected and La increases
NP13AP217 38.16 0.00 21.37 16.16 0.77 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 100.40 312 DE14F04 BIG V 4 81 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Sr
NP13AP217 38.16 0.00 21.37 16.16 0.77 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 100.40 312 DE14F05 BIG V 2 29 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in K, Ce, La, Y and Mg
NP13AP217 38.42 0.00 24.24 12.01 1.20 0.00 23.98 0.00 0.00 99.85 312 DE14F07 BIG V 0 7 Poor, but first few slices integrated until large step increase in K, Mg, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP217 37.52 0.00 23.09 12.77 1.23 0.00 23.16 0.00 0.00 97.76 312 DE14F08 BIG V 0 3 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until large step increase in K
NP13AP217 37.78 0.00 21.52 16.11 1.20 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 99.87 312 DE14F11 BIG V 3 33 Excellent first half of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La and K
NP13AP217 37.78 0.00 21.52 16.11 1.20 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 99.87 312 DE14F12 BIG V 1 14 Good middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated K until increase in Sr, U and Bi
NP13AP217 37.78 0.00 21.52 16.11 1.20 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 99.87 312 DE14F13 BIG V 1 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in K, Ce, La, Y, Bi, U and Ba
NP13AP217 38.53 0.00 23.51 12.67 1.12 0.00 23.52 0.00 0.00 99.34 312 DE14F15 BIG V 1 14 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Y and K
NP13AP217 37.56 0.00 22.35 14.01 1.23 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 98.34 312 DE14F18 BIG V 1 14 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce until step increase in Ce, La, Y and K
NP13AP217 38.14 0.00 21.11 16.01 0.75 0.00 23.13 0.00 0.00 99.14 312 DE14F19 BIG V 1 14 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in K, Ce, La, Y, U and Bi
NP13AP250 36.60 0.00 22.33 13.47 0.00 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 95.98 293 DE08B01 CEG V 1 10 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Sr and Ce
NP13AP250 36.60 0.00 22.33 13.47 0.00 0.00 23.58 0.00 0.00 95.98 293 DE08B02 CEG V 1 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated until continued increase of Ce and La begins
NP13AP250 37.65 0.00 23.03 13.11 0.00 0.00 23.17 0.00 0.00 96.96 293 DE08B03 CEG V 4 53 Very good last half of signal integrated after initial large bump in Ce and La
NP13AP250 36.92 0.00 22.96 13.17 0.00 0.00 23.30 0.00 0.00 96.34 293 DE08B04 CEG V 0 6 Poor, but some of first few slices integrated until step increase in Sr and Ce
NP13AP250 37.35 0.00 22.88 13.22 0.37 0.00 23.44 0.00 0.00 97.27 293 DE08B05 CEG V 1 15 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce and La until grain is ablated through
NP13AP250 37.22 0.00 24.13 11.68 0.70 0.00 23.24 0.00 0.00 96.97 293 DE08B06 CEG V 1 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP250 36.62 0.00 21.90 14.00 0.00 0.00 23.42 0.00 0.00 95.94 293 DE08B07 CEG V 0 7 Poor, but first few slices integrated until Sr and Ce increase prior to grain being ablated through
NP13AP250 37.39 0.00 23.37 12.92 0.00 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 97.52 293 DE08B08 CEG V 0 9 Good first few slices integrated until large step increase in Ce, Sr, La and Y
NP13AP250 36.49 0.00 19.93 16.73 0.54 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 97.08 293 DE08B09 CEG V 4 101 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP250 36.43 0.00 21.69 13.70 0.00 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.00 95.33 293 DE08B10 CEG V 2 21 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, Sr, La and Y
NP13AP250 36.24 0.00 21.62 14.68 0.00 0.00 23.34 0.00 0.00 95.88 293 DE08B11 CEG V 3 33 Excellent first half of signal integrated until K is detected and grain is ablated through
NP13AP250 36.22 0.00 19.93 16.14 0.00 0.00 22.92 0.00 0.00 95.21 293 DE08B12 CEG V 0 14 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until large bump in K and Ba; however some minor K present throughout
NP13AP250 36.58 0.00 22.05 14.50 0.00 0.00 23.07 0.00 0.00 96.20 293 DE08B13 CEG V 4 46 Very good first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP189 23.1 456 134265 207293 <18.3 27 23 2508 47565 <0.5 <1.3 5.8 10.1 1706 1.3 0.3 <0.4 <0.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.6 2.8 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 6.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP189 <15.3 428 121112 177158 <21.1 232 268 1591 44989 <0.6 <1.6 <2.0 2.6 1591 3.5 <0.2 <0.7 <0.2 <1.4 0.4 <0.6 1.3 2.8 0.2 0.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 4.7 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP189 18.6 346 125434 191670 22.2 215 49 1738 44558 0.5 <1.4 4.5 4.1 718 0.4 0.4 <0.4 <0.1 2.2 0.5 1.3 5.8 7.5 1.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 9.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP189 <8.2 205 130242 194697 <10.7 30 86 1635 45475 <0.2 <0.9 1.6 <1.6 1539 0.1 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 3.1 <0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 2.9 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP193 <7.1 635 130746 199653 <9.1 1343 361 4396 48864 0.5 <0.7 10.2 1.2 361 3.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.5 <0.2 <0.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 14.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.7
NP13AP193 <15.6 623 121415 170908 <21.3 425 113 5817 43160 0.6 <1.7 9.3 6.2 832 4.9 <0.3 <0.5 <0.2 1.7 1.6 <1.5 3.1 4.7 1.3 0.4 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 87.1 0.2 <0.2 0.8
NP13AP193 <18.8 926 135950 169751 27.7 343 98 6877 43402 <0.6 <2.5 17.9 3.3 770 4.0 <0.3 <0.6 <0.3 <2.2 2.4 <1.2 2.6 4.0 1.7 <0.4 0.1 <0.4 <0.1 <0.3 0.2 47.6 <0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP193 13.8 455 124140 178775 15.7 179 121 4779 49831 <0.3 <1.1 9.2 10.3 1095 14.9 <0.2 <0.4 <0.2 3.3 2.7 <0.7 14.8 19.9 3.4 0.8 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 85.6 0.2 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP193 <14.2 942 125382 163333 <15.1 495 111 3576 41492 <0.4 <1.2 9.9 1.8 231 1.4 <0.3 <0.4 <0.2 <1.5 <0.3 <0.7 2.4 4.4 0.9 <0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 10.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP193 <11.1 313 123790 194403 <14.7 297 271 7278 52883 <0.3 <1.4 4.0 <2.1 1370 1.3 <0.2 <0.3 <0.2 4.3 <0.3 <0.8 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.3 <0.0 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 0.1 33.4 <0.1 <0.1 0.6
NP13AP193 <13.9 700 138302 197923 <14.3 449 525 17805 45835 <0.4 <1.6 17.2 4.3 673 2.4 <0.3 0.5 <0.2 5.1 2.7 <0.7 3.5 5.1 0.6 0.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 41.8 2.5 <0.1 2.0
NP13AP193 <8.6 947 132451 193025 <11.1 1341 325 4729 46682 0.4 <1.0 13.0 2.0 442 2.8 <0.2 <0.4 <0.1 2.8 <0.2 <0.5 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 17.6 <0.1 <0.1 0.9
NP13AP193 <16.7 354 129329 203426 <20.5 213 245 5669 55274 <0.4 <1.5 8.5 <2.6 1201 37.6 <0.3 <0.6 <0.2 3.4 <0.5 <1.0 13.6 19.5 6.7 3.3 0.6 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 35.4 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP210 <9.0 324 131556 204381 <7.8 383 190 4381 46135 0.4 <0.8 7.8 3.1 2002 0.4 1.1 <0.3 <0.1 1.3 1.9 <0.4 2.2 3.8 0.5 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 60.4 0.2 <0.1 0.4
NP13AP210 <12.3 971 132876 183425 <11.5 675 238 4027 50779 0.5 <1.3 11.8 3.2 1342 0.4 0.4 <0.4 <0.1 1.6 1.0 <0.5 1.1 1.3 0.2 <0.2 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 39.9 0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP210 <12.7 456 132537 189755 25.8 293 208 4433 48580 0.7 1.0 9.2 3.7 1955 2.1 4.9 <0.3 <0.1 2.0 1.7 <0.5 3.7 4.9 0.6 <0.2 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 50.9 0.4 <0.1 0.7
NP13AP210 <9.4 630 137144 191756 <10.4 728 190 6074 38724 0.6 <1.1 11.9 4.0 2052 4.2 4.6 <0.3 <0.1 1.4 1.2 <0.5 2.6 4.6 0.4 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 71.8 0.3 <0.1 0.4
NP13AP210 8.9 339 136159 192216 <7.1 302 195 3561 45302 0.5 1.0 9.7 3.5 1748 0.8 1.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 1.5 <0.4 2.0 3.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 67.4 0.3 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP210 9.7 459 139634 196287 <7.1 612 213 5658 41133 0.5 <0.7 8.3 4.1 3782 2.9 1.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.2 2.7 <0.3 1.6 1.9 1.3 0.2 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 62.4 0.4 <0.0 1.1
NP13AP210 14.6 653 135458 192985 <8.4 1505 525 4867 44068 0.4 <0.8 10.9 2.4 2191 1.3 4.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 1.0 <0.3 1.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 55.4 0.3 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP210 10.8 1399 129310 190189 <9.1 1104 323 3809 47113 0.9 1.1 20.3 3.9 660 0.7 1.8 <0.3 <0.1 1.6 <0.3 <0.4 7.9 12.4 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 17.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP210 8.9 483 130243 185228 <8.8 547 208 4232 42738 0.3 <1.0 10.8 5.2 2449 1.7 1.7 <0.3 <0.1 1.4 2.9 <0.5 9.4 13.3 0.8 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 67.0 0.5 <0.1 0.6
NP13AP210 <13.6 337 127657 181886 <13.1 378 188 3290 43858 0.5 <1.1 8.0 1.7 1690 0.7 1.2 <0.3 <0.2 1.3 1.8 <0.5 0.8 1.0 0.2 <0.2 <0.0 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 64.1 0.2 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP210 <9.8 710 127168 183031 <11.0 296 138 6077 50017 1.3 <1.0 18.5 7.3 1346 5.3 0.4 <0.3 <0.1 2.0 1.8 0.9 5.8 9.7 0.9 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 102.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
NP13AP210 10.3 561 139274 194738 <7.5 907 284 8619 40384 0.5 <0.7 11.6 3.9 2583 1.6 1.7 0.2 <0.1 3.3 0.9 <0.2 1.4 2.4 0.6 0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 54.0 0.5 <0.0 0.8
NP13AP210 19.5 712 133648 191895 8.2 1548 428 7840 42412 0.4 <0.6 12.3 1.8 2426 1.7 2.7 0.3 <0.1 1.9 0.6 <0.3 1.3 2.2 0.5 0.3 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 45.3 0.5 <0.0 0.7
625
NP13AP210 <7.3 834 128459 183465 <7.8 1135 327 6083 41844 0.8 <0.7 11.4 3.1 1593 2.1 0.9 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 0.6 0.3 1.0 2.4 0.2 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 49.1 0.5 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP210 18.6 848 133856 180798 <10.8 1529 472 4079 43619 0.7 <0.1 13.2 <1.3 1342 0.6 2.6 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 0.5 <0.5 0.7 1.3 0.2 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 43.2 0.3 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP210 <8.0 660 123017 184589 <8.9 429 229 2892 46336 0.6 <0.7 10.2 1.7 881 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.5 <0.3 1.1 2.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 19.9 0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP217 15.4 1415 130840 190432 10.1 673 570 10463 40484 3.8 <0.6 41.0 13.3 2761 0.1 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 2.6 16.7 10.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 76.1 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP217 <7.8 1291 121789 185314 11.2 680 312 10256 43174 2.7 <0.7 25.9 9.2 1572 2.5 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 2.3 4.5 1.3 1.4 2.8 0.9 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 28.7 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP217 <5.4 1193 117579 198992 <5.4 436 328 6241 57217 2.0 <0.6 16.3 4.5 533 6.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 2.0 0.2 <0.2 1.1 2.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.8 0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP217 9.1 979 126613 189171 <6.5 370 292 11250 46104 2.6 <0.5 26.6 8.2 1795 0.9 0.2 0.2 <0.1 2.1 15.4 1.9 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 48.7 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP217 <11.4 833 127464 188210 11.4 247 251 9875 47144 2.2 <1.2 22.9 8.9 2132 3.8 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 1.7 32.3 2.4 2.8 6.0 0.5 0.4 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 68.8 1.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP217 <18.4 1212 124414 146391 <22.0 494 407 9634 41957 3.0 <1.9 27.0 15.8 2564 3.0 <0.2 0.5 <0.3 2.1 31.0 8.1 7.8 13.9 0.8 <0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 62.8 0.8 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP217 <5.8 961 121368 192296 <6.7 408 273 10066 53833 0.3 <0.4 14.1 2.3 966 1.0 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 2.6 0.2 <0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 48.3 0.0 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP217 7.9 875 129748 197817 24.3 669 299 11065 53118 <0.3 <1.2 16.9 <1.6 1209 3.9 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 4.4 <0.2 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.3 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 47.8 0.2 <0.1 0.9
NP13AP217 9.5 707 123205 181964 10.0 487 314 9626 52020 <0.3 <0.7 14.0 1.9 1143 1.6 <0.1 <0.2 0.1 2.5 0.4 <0.5 0.3 0.6 0.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 59.6 <0.1 <0.0 1.1
NP13AP217 <7.6 1408 126617 188238 <8.0 327 337 10898 45562 3.9 <0.9 31.6 9.2 1719 0.3 0.1 <0.3 <0.1 2.0 20.1 2.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 37.7 0.7 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP217 <8.8 1436 127346 198447 <8.8 384 297 9928 52036 2.7 <0.7 25.7 11.7 1271 0.3 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.3 9.7 2.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 31.9 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP217 8.3 513 114525 179563 <7.2 405 291 11116 55371 0.6 <0.8 11.4 <1.4 1526 1.3 0.2 0.3 <0.1 2.6 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 56.0 0.1 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP250 <6.6 573 121862 168581 <8.0 79 224 1890 45496 0.4 <0.6 6.2 1.3 757 0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 0.3 <0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 11.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP250 <5.8 288 131449 168545 <6.8 488 341 2360 37753 0.3 <0.4 5.4 2.6 1443 0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.5 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP250 7.0 393 136135 190482 <8.3 299 437 3527 41377 0.2 <0.4 6.3 4.7 1397 <0.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 2.4 1.1 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.4 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP250 <10.5 565 134607 178596 <12.1 386 332 3983 37975 0.5 <0.6 7.8 6.7 1661 0.1 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 4.6 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 17.0 0.7 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP250 <7.3 489 129280 169301 26.1 311 278 5771 36589 0.3 <0.5 9.1 4.2 2003 1.3 0.1 0.3 <0.1 2.1 2.9 0.7 1.2 2.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 13.9 0.9 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP250 <6.3 349 129855 161532 <8.0 178 333 3723 35831 0.4 <0.5 6.0 3.6 1540 0.2 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.8 2.7 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.0 0.3 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP250 <8.6 638 107559 184005 <10.2 5 229 1643 49220 0.3 0.7 7.3 3.3 458 1.6 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 1.4 <0.2 <0.3 11.0 20.7 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.7 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP250 13.7 337 136673 170490 <8.8 414 431 3125 37422 <0.2 <0.5 3.7 1.3 889 0.7 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 0.3 <0.3 1.8 3.8 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 6.2 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP250 <5.2 651 121007 184805 <5.3 37 244 3755 50893 0.2 <0.3 8.2 4.5 1091 0.4 <0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.9 0.8 0.7 2.1 3.9 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 11.3 0.5 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP250 <6.2 575 124371 173969 <7.5 477 470 3587 38021 0.3 <0.4 9.9 3.5 1320 0.4 0.3 0.2 <0.1 1.5 2.2 0.5 1.4 2.9 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 10.3 0.6 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP250 10.0 666 125232 175383 <6.6 11 172 2836 45542 0.4 <0.4 11.2 5.6 594 6.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 1.2 1.8 <0.3 5.9 10.0 0.7 0.4 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 13.4 0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP250 <7.7 646 109543 161441 71.1 6 233 1455 47851 0.3 <0.4 8.1 2.9 344 0.6 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 <0.1 <0.2 0.9 1.8 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 6.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP250 <7.2 286 125455 181503 <6.5 39 222 2376 44852 0.2 <0.4 3.9 1.7 1039 5.2 0.1 <0.1 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.8 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 11.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0

(oC)
NP13AP250 37.37 0.00 24.24 11.64 0.66 0.00 23.17 0.00 0.00 97.08 293 DE08B14 CEG V 4 47 Excellent first half of signal integrated until grain is ablated through
NP13AP250 37.26 0.00 24.64 10.79 0.59 0.00 22.86 0.00 0.00 96.16 293 DE08B15 CEG V 1 13 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP250 36.92 0.00 22.28 15.10 1.38 0.00 22.22 0.00 0.00 97.90 293 DE08B16 CEG V 1 12 Good first quarter of signal integrated until large increase in K, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP250 37.46 0.00 23.90 11.92 0.00 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 96.82 293 DE08B18 CEG V 4 48 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and Ti
NP13AP250 36.88 0.00 21.39 15.48 0.00 0.00 23.17 0.00 0.00 96.92 293 DE08B19 CEG V 2 24 Good middle section of signal integrated after initial highly elevated Ce and La until increase in Sr
NP13AP250 37.22 0.00 23.51 12.80 0.00 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 96.93 293 DE08B20 CEG V 1 10 Reasonable first few slices of signal integrated until increase in Ce and La followed by detection of K
NP13AP258 37.56 0.00 20.26 17.49 0.00 0.00 22.97 0.00 0.00 98.28 313 DE08C03 ASG R 3 51 Reasonable first half of signal integrated until Na is detected, however Mg is exceptionally spiky throughout
NP13AP258 37.56 0.00 20.26 17.49 0.00 0.00 22.97 0.00 0.00 98.28 313 DE08C04 ASG R 1 17 Good first quarter of signal integrated until spikes in Mg
NP13AP258 37.07 0.00 22.56 14.25 0.00 0.00 22.92 0.00 0.00 96.81 313 DE08C06 ASG R 2 29 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until sharp increase in Mg
NP13AP260+261 37.67 0.00 22.28 14.67 0.00 0.00 23.72 0.00 0.00 98.33 270 JA14B01 ASG R 1 11 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until detection of K and step increase in Ce, La, and Y
NP13AP260+261 37.59 0.00 23.22 14.04 0.00 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 98.40 270 JA14B02 ASG R 1 14 Good first quarter of signal integrated until Sr, K, Mg, Y, Ce, La and U; however elevated Zr throughout
NP13AP260+261 37.74 0.00 22.30 15.05 0.00 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 98.73 270 JA14B05 ASG R 0 7 Good first few slices only integrated until large increase in Sr, Mg, Pb, Ce, La and Y followed by K
NP13AP260+261 37.35 0.33 22.37 14.64 0.00 0.00 23.90 0.00 0.00 98.59 270 JA14B06 ASG R 1 12 Reasonable slices in third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated and variable K, Mg and U until increase in Na
NP13AP260+261 37.91 0.00 23.18 13.81 0.00 0.00 23.98 0.00 0.00 98.88 270 JA14B07 ASG R 1 17 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mn, Ce, La and Y; however elevated Sb and Ba throughout
NP13AP260+261 37.80 0.50 21.77 15.57 0.00 0.00 23.93 0.00 0.00 99.56 270 JA14B10 ASG R 0 7 Poor, but a few slices integrated in first quarter of signal until increase in Zr and Sb
NP13AP260+261 37.82 0.00 24.26 12.72 0.35 0.00 23.31 0.00 0.00 98.47 270 JA14B12 ASG R 2 20 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Zr
NP13AP260+261 38.06 0.00 23.77 13.65 0.00 0.00 23.97 0.00 0.00 99.45 270 JA14B14 ASG R 0 7 Poor, but first few slices integrated until increase in K and Na
NP13AP260+261 37.44 0.00 22.49 13.40 0.00 0.00 23.21 0.00 0.00 96.53 270 JA14B15 ASG R 1 16 Perfect slices in first quarter of signal integrated after initial small bump in V and Mg until K is detected
NP13AP260+261 38.21 0.00 22.35 14.67 0.00 0.00 23.63 0.00 0.00 98.86 270 JA14B16 ASG R 0 5 Poor owing to elevated Na and Zr, however first few slices integrated until large increase in K
NP13AP260+261 37.54 0.00 22.16 14.40 0.00 0.00 23.62 0.00 0.00 97.72 270 JA14B17 ASG R 1 13 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated after initial bump in Na until large increase in Y
NP13AP260+261 38.06 0.00 23.77 13.65 0.00 0.00 23.97 0.00 0.00 99.45 270 JA14B18 ASG R 0 6 Poor, but reasonable slice in first quarter integrated after initial bump in K until increase in Ce, La, Y and Eu
NP13AP260+261 37.99 0.00 23.98 12.50 0.00 0.00 24.12 0.00 0.00 98.59 270 JA14B19 ASG R 1 17 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until bump in K and step increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP262 37.54 0.00 21.80 15.93 0.00 0.00 23.87 0.00 0.00 99.15 276 JA06C06 ASG R 3 31 Reasonable middle section of signal integrated after initial spike in Zr and U until increase in Ce and La
NP13AP262 37.48 0.00 21.62 16.10 0.00 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 98.55 276 JA06C07 ASG R 2 20 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, Y, Eu and Mg
NP13AP262 37.22 0.00 21.86 15.37 0.44 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 98.15 276 JA06C09 ASG R 1 14 Reasonable first few slices only integrated until K is detected and grain is ablated through
NP13AP262 37.56 0.00 21.24 15.47 0.00 0.00 23.24 0.00 0.00 97.51 276 JA06C10 ASG R 2 36 Reasonable first half of signal integrated however some minor bumps in Na and Mg
626
NP13AP262 37.91 0.00 22.03 15.41 0.00 0.00 23.87 0.00 0.00 99.22 276 JA06C11 ASG R 0 8 Reasonable first few slices integrated until step increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP262 37.91 0.00 22.03 15.41 0.00 0.00 23.87 0.00 0.00 99.22 276 JA06C12 ASG R 0 9 Good first few slices of signal integrated until large step increase in Y and La
NP13AP262 37.31 0.00 21.65 16.07 0.00 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 98.51 276 JA06C14 ASG R 1 13 Good first few slices integrated until increase in Na
NP13AP262 37.12 0.00 20.71 16.91 0.00 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 98.22 276 JA06C15 ASG R 0 7 Good first few slices integrated until sharp increase in Ce, La, Y, Eu and K
NP13AP262 36.82 0.00 21.37 15.84 0.46 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 97.97 276 JA06C16 ASG R 0 4 Poor, but a few slices in first quarter integrated in-between bumps in Ce, La, Na, Pb and Y
NP13AP262 37.65 0.00 21.11 16.36 0.00 0.00 23.07 0.00 0.00 98.18 276 JA06C18 ASG R 4 40 Excellent middle section of signal integrated in-between small bumps in Na
NP13AP264 37.97 0.00 21.65 16.26 0.00 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 99.44 291 JA06D01 BIG V 2 22 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce, La and Y
NP13AP264 37.97 0.00 21.65 16.26 0.00 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 99.44 291 JA06D02 BIG V 3 37 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initial bump in Sr until large spike in Cu
NP13AP264 37.97 0.00 21.65 16.26 0.00 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 99.44 291 JA06D03 BIG V 4 51 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial spikes in Cu
NP13AP264 37.86 0.00 23.03 13.80 0.80 0.00 23.18 0.00 0.00 98.68 291 JA06D04 BIG V 4 42 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial spikes in Cu and large spike in Ce and La
NP13AP264 37.82 0.00 23.90 13.64 0.00 0.00 23.79 0.00 0.00 99.15 291 JA06D06 BIG V 3 33 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initial hump in Sr until increase in Sr, Ce and La
NP13AP264 37.82 0.00 23.90 13.64 0.00 0.00 23.79 0.00 0.00 99.15 291 JA06D07 BIG V 2 22 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce and La
NP13AP269 37.67 0.00 20.84 17.34 0.00 0.00 23.72 0.00 0.00 99.57 294 JA09B05 ASG R 3 30 Good third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated La, Y and Zr until increase in Na
NP13AP269 37.26 0.00 20.67 17.47 0.00 0.00 23.32 0.00 0.00 98.73 294 JA09B08 ASG R 4 57 Good first three quarters of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La, Pb and Sr
NP13AP269 37.12 0.00 20.94 16.71 0.00 0.00 23.80 0.00 0.00 98.56 294 JA09B09 ASG R 1 13 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce and La
NP13AP269 37.29 0.00 21.11 16.64 0.00 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 98.68 294 JA09B10 ASG R 4 96 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP269 37.29 0.00 21.11 16.64 0.00 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 98.68 294 JA09B11 ASG R 0 6 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until beginning of continual increase in Ce and La
NP13AP269 37.29 0.00 21.11 16.64 0.00 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 98.68 294 JA09B12 ASG R 1 14 Very good second quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Ce, La and Pb
NP13AP269 37.50 0.00 21.69 15.73 0.00 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 98.73 294 JA09B13 ASG R 2 26 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in La and Ce
NP13AP269 37.76 0.33 22.33 14.90 0.00 0.00 24.05 0.00 0.00 99.37 294 JA09B14 ASG R 1 11 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce and La
NP13AP269 37.37 0.00 22.22 15.15 0.00 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 98.51 294 JA09B15 ASG R 0 8 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until very large step increase in Ba
NP13AP269 38.14 0.00 21.43 16.68 0.00 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 100.17 294 JA09B20 ASG R 2 21 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until very large step increase in Ba
NP13AP270 37.41 0.00 24.15 12.42 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 97.58 271 JA06E01 CEG R 2 26 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initial elevated U and Y until step decrease in Sr, Mn and Pb with increase in V
NP13AP270 37.50 0.00 23.45 13.68 0.00 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 98.01 271 JA06E02 CEG R 2 27 Good second quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated Sr and Y until large spike in Zr
NP13AP270 37.65 0.00 23.11 13.77 0.83 0.00 22.49 0.00 0.00 97.84 271 JA06E03 CEG R 4 58 Excellent first half of signal integrated until Th begins to increase followed by spike in Zr
NP13AP270 37.29 0.00 21.31 15.87 0.00 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 98.17 271 JA06E04 CEG R 4 53 Good second to third quarter of signal integrated after initial elevated U until increase in Sr, Ce and Zr
NP13AP270 36.22 0.00 20.54 16.16 0.00 0.00 23.20 0.00 0.00 96.11 271 JA06E05 CEG R 4 46 Very good first half of signal integrated until step increase in Zr
NP13AP270 37.29 0.00 21.31 15.87 0.00 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 98.17 271 JA06E06 CEG R 4 71 Perfect first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Zr, good example of zonation in Pb and Sr

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP250 <5.8 233 135854 185131 7.1 218 343 3428 39294 0.2 <0.6 3.0 1.5 1035 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 0.4 <0.2 <0.0 0.0 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 6.5 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP250 <8.1 188 132105 174279 18.8 127 328 3543 34327 0.3 <0.4 5.1 2.5 3036 1.8 0.2 0.2 <0.1 1.0 1.4 0.4 3.1 5.8 0.3 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 22.5 0.3 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP250 <10.2 246 127580 178996 <10.4 130 243 11246 37788 0.3 <0.6 4.4 1.6 4399 0.6 <0.1 0.5 <0.1 3.7 1.5 2.5 0.3 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 20.6 0.9 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP250 <7.0 278 136032 180977 <6.0 50 350 3771 38798 <0.1 <0.4 5.6 3.3 1620 0.2 <0.1 0.1 <0.0 1.4 2.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 10.2 0.3 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP250 <9.3 457 128553 185956 <11.6 949 550 1447 46162 0.3 <0.6 4.4 2.8 706 <0.0 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.6 <0.1 <0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 5.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP250 <8.3 304 127116 175152 <10.5 404 533 2310 36720 <0.2 <0.6 5.0 2.0 1013 0.9 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.3 <0.3 1.9 3.8 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.8 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP258 37.6 372 126476 194662 241.2 245 525 1816 56210 4.0 <2.7 32.0 34.2 7672 55.2 17.2 <0.6 <0.3 <2.5 11.0 6.9 81.0 117.7 12.1 1.9 0.2 1.1 <1.3 <0.3 <0.2 195.3 0.2 6.5 1.2
NP13AP258 <39.1 429 125583 176914 48.7 209 479 1615 48966 <0.9 <2.4 5.2 28.7 7632 54.3 18.0 <0.8 <0.3 <2.5 9.0 5.3 80.1 122.0 11.3 1.4 0.2 0.8 <1.2 <0.2 <0.2 184.1 <0.2 5.2 1.2
NP13AP258 32.4 899 121488 166958 38.9 183 480 1497 45248 0.7 <1.3 17.2 41.0 8003 68.6 19.6 <0.5 <0.2 2.7 11.1 5.5 78.1 113.1 10.3 2.3 0.2 0.9 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 174.0 0.3 1.5 1.5
NP13AP260+261 <5.2 326 124843 186544 <7.9 1874 1111 1633 49164 0.7 <0.8 4.2 5.8 1221 10.2 9.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 <0.3 <0.3 2.1 4.7 1.1 1.5 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 19.1 0.6 0.1 0.6
NP13AP260+261 <5.5 302 123614 184804 <7.8 1345 948 1978 47965 0.4 <0.6 3.1 5.7 1528 5.1 10.9 <0.3 <0.1 1.0 <0.2 0.2 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 36.0 0.5 <0.0 0.8
NP13AP260+261 12.0 503 121463 169473 <13.8 1111 579 2319 47225 1.0 <1.0 6.9 5.7 2872 2.7 5.5 <0.4 <0.2 1.3 0.7 9.6 1.3 2.0 0.5 0.3 <0.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 19.3 <0.1 <0.1 0.3
NP13AP260+261 27.7 496 124120 221501 49.9 652 526 2920 54965 1.1 <1.1 6.8 8.9 3630 12.8 11.6 <0.5 0.3 1.6 2.1 18.2 6.0 13.4 0.7 1.6 0.3 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 23.9 0.1 0.3 0.4
NP13AP260+261 25.5 1076 125949 189599 31.8 425 303 922 46704 1.6 <0.7 20.8 22.9 1722 2.0 1.5 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 3.6 10.4 2.4 4.8 0.3 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP260+261 18.4 471 129029 192281 15.6 1362 533 2173 46183 0.7 <1.0 9.2 7.9 4548 6.2 6.6 <0.3 <0.1 1.5 2.8 11.8 1.4 3.5 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 20.0 <0.1 0.0 0.5
NP13AP260+261 8.5 396 126433 186436 <6.6 906 559 2062 47992 0.6 <0.7 4.5 10.8 2631 7.7 1.6 <0.2 <0.1 2.1 0.7 5.5 7.5 13.5 0.7 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 17.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
NP13AP260+261 34.4 471 118869 172548 16.7 802 578 2374 49088 1.0 <1.1 5.5 18.1 2539 4.5 2.0 <0.3 <0.1 <0.7 1.9 4.1 11.2 23.6 0.7 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 26.2 0.1 0.3 0.2
NP13AP260+261 21.1 697 126483 185514 17.1 600 496 2504 45527 1.3 <0.7 9.8 9.0 2474 1.9 3.4 <0.3 <0.1 1.7 1.4 21.6 2.3 4.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP260+261 141.8 609 117612 189797 59.1 894 488 1781 45930 1.0 <1.0 2.5 21.3 1328 0.9 3.9 0.3 <0.1 3.4 0.6 2.6 5.0 11.0 0.4 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 25.5 <0.1 0.1 0.1
NP13AP260+261 60.8 626 121909 179088 39.9 351 522 1916 46487 0.7 <0.7 5.8 54.5 1714 0.9 2.8 <0.3 <0.1 1.6 3.3 4.5 6.8 12.6 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 40.0 <0.1 0.2 0.1
NP13AP260+261 23.0 450 131995 193693 59.3 619 710 2132 50233 0.5 <0.8 6.1 16.6 4490 6.5 1.5 <0.3 <0.1 1.7 2.4 3.8 7.7 14.6 0.8 0.4 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 26.3 <0.1 0.2 0.4
NP13AP260+261 67.2 634 137890 187315 16.7 1052 257 1675 44243 1.2 <0.8 5.0 29.3 1104 2.5 0.6 <0.2 <0.1 2.6 0.4 1.7 2.3 5.4 0.4 <0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 16.2 <0.1 0.1 0.1
NP13AP262 11.9 594 120568 196329 <9.8 53 220 1954 38839 0.9 <0.6 7.3 10.2 1611 0.6 1.3 <0.3 <0.1 1.5 0.5 4.7 2.7 5.8 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 7.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP262 8.1 610 116484 182233 <6.1 132 113 3688 34351 0.7 <0.6 10.3 8.3 1971 0.5 1.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.9 0.2 10.4 2.0 4.0 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1
NP13AP262 9.3 681 123012 167564 <9.1 506 191 2883 31019 1.0 <0.8 10.6 6.8 1753 0.4 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 0.9 1.0 11.0 1.4 2.4 0.4 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 9.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP262 47.8 728 117703 192771 <6.1 57 101 1582 34679 1.1 <0.4 8.9 7.2 742 0.6 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 0.6 <0.2 1.3 1.8 3.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 4.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0
627
NP13AP262 <13.6 779 121504 192105 <16.2 417 134 3326 34792 1.3 <0.9 8.9 8.6 2095 0.2 1.0 <0.3 <0.2 1.0 0.3 6.9 1.3 2.1 0.3 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 9.7 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP262 <8.6 759 121620 192156 <13.0 362 134 2130 32999 0.9 <0.9 9.0 12.1 1218 0.7 0.5 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 1.0 5.5 3.4 7.0 0.4 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 8.1 <0.1 0.2 0.1
NP13AP262 36.9 731 111214 191943 24.1 201 117 1549 33590 1.4 <0.8 7.5 4.8 636 1.7 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 1.1 0.3 1.4 3.4 4.7 0.7 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 5.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP262 <10.6 819 119528 176159 <13.1 49 199 2164 36203 0.9 <0.7 8.6 42.8 1386 0.4 0.5 <0.3 <0.1 1.4 0.3 4.2 1.7 3.3 0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 5.4 <0.1 0.1 <0.1
NP13AP262 34.5 479 109953 171548 <13.3 30 47 2074 31845 1.0 <0.9 3.2 5.0 1246 1.2 <0.2 <0.4 <0.1 <1.1 <0.3 6.7 3.1 5.7 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 7.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP262 38.3 493 117862 198201 12.5 108 89 1921 37412 0.8 <0.4 5.7 4.7 953 0.5 1.9 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 0.2 4.3 2.6 5.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 6.6 <0.0 0.0 0.0
NP13AP264 23.2 1177 117417 206300 <10.9 153 377 2703 37505 2.3 2.7 21.7 9.0 1364 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.7 0.9 1.9 0.3 0.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 43.3 0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 14.6 1419 121847 196325 <5.8 284 369 2189 34789 1.6 1.7 20.6 5.7 1021 0.3 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.4 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.8 0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP264 7.2 1336 118751 201074 <8.3 359 413 1974 36901 1.4 0.6 14.3 4.1 772 0.1 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 18.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 15.3 1127 126275 202293 <7.8 380 266 4114 32946 1.8 0.8 22.0 13.9 2070 0.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.8 0.8 3.4 0.8 0.5 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 49.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 <6.6 1108 129832 204936 <6.8 412 450 2184 31203 1.6 <0.6 12.3 5.1 672 <0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 0.8 <0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP264 10.2 1272 131084 193285 <6.7 402 450 1786 30493 1.3 <0.6 11.9 4.6 766 0.2 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 0.4 <0.3 0.7 1.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP269 <7.1 427 120630 197152 <8.3 697 79 1303 58824 0.8 <0.6 3.6 3.7 1150 1.1 1.6 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.2 0.9 3.2 5.8 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 4.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP269 <4.8 316 114402 187050 <6.9 156 213 1030 59097 0.4 <0.5 2.8 2.0 1780 0.3 0.8 <0.1 0.1 1.6 <0.2 1.5 1.8 3.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 3.2 <0.0 0.0 0.0
NP13AP269 <5.3 362 118429 183602 <8.8 305 30 1087 59103 0.5 <0.7 3.1 1.6 1164 0.1 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.0 <0.1 <0.3 0.5 0.8 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 2.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP269 9.2 607 119693 188225 <7.4 205 49 1512 52882 0.7 <0.6 6.9 2.8 628 0.4 1.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 0.1 0.7 1.7 3.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 2.3 0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP269 13.1 391 117628 172167 <13.8 76 20 1102 56508 0.6 <0.9 2.5 3.2 1051 0.3 2.2 <0.3 <0.1 0.9 <0.2 1.4 1.7 4.1 0.2 <0.2 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 2.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP269 <8.5 355 118691 192036 <10.7 784 371 967 58110 0.5 <0.8 3.7 <1.6 2060 0.4 6.4 <0.3 <0.1 1.8 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 3.8 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP269 9.4 373 117569 194476 <8.2 218 34 1209 57296 0.7 <0.7 4.0 3.9 993 0.2 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 0.6 0.8 2.2 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 3.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP269 <7.0 464 122414 184560 <10.9 1258 499 1129 50327 0.5 <0.6 4.9 2.0 3523 0.0 0.3 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 0.5 2.7 0.5 0.9 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP269 <7.1 448 118985 179880 <10.1 1272 501 1024 50884 0.8 <0.7 5.3 3.2 2991 0.2 0.6 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 0.3 1.6 1.5 3.4 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.2 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP269 <5.8 332 120131 183319 <8.1 47 39 1118 56822 0.4 <0.5 1.9 3.2 2159 0.7 0.9 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 0.2 2.8 2.2 4.7 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.0 <0.0 0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 <6.1 143 126676 194523 <8.9 79 343 1818 36952 0.3 <0.7 3.7 2.3 3768 4.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 <0.2 11.5 0.2 0.2 1.8 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 34.8 <0.0 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP270 <5.6 337 124155 192761 7.3 349 401 1924 34779 0.4 <0.7 3.7 2.6 1459 2.0 0.8 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 <0.2 3.8 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 31.1 <0.1 0.0 0.1
NP13AP270 10.6 565 127451 185902 8.6 192 215 8345 33711 0.4 <0.5 3.8 2.8 3788 2.0 0.9 0.2 <0.1 2.5 0.2 17.3 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 39.4 0.0 0.1 0.1
NP13AP270 7.5 381 124731 197525 8.4 600 616 2113 38191 0.7 <0.5 9.0 7.4 2461 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.7 0.5 31.5 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 33.5 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP270 6.4 351 118659 182981 <5.2 507 668 1709 37148 0.7 <0.5 6.9 6.5 2094 1.4 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 2.0 0.9 13.4 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 20.1 <0.0 0.0 0.4
NP13AP270 6.7 397 124380 197557 <5.5 524 648 3046 39025 0.6 <0.3 6.5 7.6 2629 0.5 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 2.1 0.4 21.0 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 24.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.3

(oC)
NP13AP270 36.93 0.00 21.26 15.71 0.12 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 97.40 271 JA06E07 CEG R 4 70 Perfect firth three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Zr
NP13AP270 37.48 0.00 22.39 14.95 0.00 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 98.57 271 JA06E08 CEG R 4 41 Perfect first half of signal integrated until increase in Na and detection of K
NP13AP270 37.48 0.00 22.39 14.95 0.00 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 98.57 271 JA06E09 CEG R 4 99 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP270 37.63 0.00 21.96 15.37 0.00 0.00 23.73 0.00 0.00 98.68 271 JA06E10 CEG R 4 74 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until small step decrease in Sr
NP13AP270 38.01 0.00 24.15 13.47 0.65 0.00 22.82 0.00 0.00 99.10 271 JA06E11 CEG R 2 29 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Ti
NP13AP270 38.01 0.00 24.15 13.47 0.65 0.00 22.82 0.00 0.00 99.10 271 JA06E12 CEG R 1 18 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Ti and Th
NP13AP270 37.59 0.00 23.96 12.78 0.00 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 98.14 271 JA06E14 CEG R 2 26 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated in-between large broad humps in Mg and K
NP13AP270 37.74 0.00 22.09 15.00 0.00 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 98.57 271 JA06E15 CEG R 4 101 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP270 37.50 0.00 21.94 15.80 0.72 0.00 23.07 0.00 0.00 99.03 271 JA06E17 CEG R 4 46 Very good last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr and U
NP13AP270 36.93 0.00 21.26 15.71 0.12 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 97.40 271 JA06E18 CEG R 2 29 Good first quarter of signal integrated until beginning of increase in Ce, La, U and Sr
NP13AP270 36.93 0.00 21.26 15.71 0.12 0.00 23.38 0.00 0.00 97.40 271 JA06E19 CEG R 4 46 Excellent first half of signal integrated until broad bump of elevated Ce, Zr, La and U
NP13AP274 38.46 0.00 22.09 15.33 0.00 0.00 23.84 0.00 0.00 99.72 245 JA09D01 ASG V 3 30 Reasonable middle section of signal integrated after initial slightly elevated Sb until increase in Sr, Ce, La and U
NP13AP274 37.99 0.00 20.63 17.69 0.00 0.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 100.31 245 JA09D03 ASG V 1 11 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ba and Ce until grain is ablated through
NP13AP274 37.56 0.00 22.56 14.55 0.68 0.00 23.09 0.00 0.00 98.45 245 JA09D06 ASG V 4 52 Very good first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr, Ce, La and Sb
NP13AP274 37.56 0.00 22.50 13.63 1.03 0.00 23.17 0.00 0.00 97.90 245 JA09D07 ASG V 4 44 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Pb
NP13AP274 38.16 0.00 23.01 14.44 0.80 0.00 22.95 0.00 0.00 99.36 245 JA09D08 ASG V 1 10 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Y, Ce and La
NP13AP274 37.84 0.00 22.58 14.98 0.00 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 99.22 245 JA09D09 ASG V 0 5 Reasonable slices in first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sb, As, Ce, La, Pb and Mg
NP13AP274 37.63 0.00 21.82 15.51 0.61 0.00 23.10 0.00 0.00 98.67 245 JA09D11 ASG V 1 15 Good first quarter of signal integrated until spike in Ce and La
NP13AP274 38.08 0.00 23.04 13.90 0.59 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 99.17 245 JA09D12 ASG V 3 33 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La, Zr, Y and Sr
NP13AP274 38.29 0.00 22.64 13.15 0.94 0.00 23.13 0.00 0.00 98.15 245 JA09D13 ASG V 2 28 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La and Y
NP13AP274 38.40 0.00 22.98 14.85 0.00 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 99.79 245 JA09D18 ASG V 1 16 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mg and Ce
NP13AP285A 37.63 0.00 23.11 13.57 0.00 0.00 23.86 0.00 0.00 98.16 290 JA07B02 CEG V 1 19 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Mg, Y, V, Ce, Na and K
NP13AP285A 37.76 0.00 23.05 14.05 0.00 0.00 23.45 0.00 0.00 98.31 290 JA07B03 CEG V 2 20 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until bump in Na
NP13AP285A 38.44 0.00 23.47 13.97 0.36 0.00 23.81 0.00 0.00 100.05 290 JA07B04 CEG V 4 103 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP285A 38.31 0.00 23.64 13.84 0.00 0.00 24.33 0.00 0.00 100.12 290 JA07B05 CEG V 4 80 Excellent last three quarters of signal integrated after initial elevated Na
NP13AP285A 38.38 0.00 23.56 13.97 0.00 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 99.67 290 JA07B07 CEG V 4 103 Perfect signal integrated throughout
628
NP13AP285A 37.52 0.00 23.45 13.71 0.44 0.00 24.08 0.00 0.00 99.20 290 JA07B08 CEG V 2 20 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until broad hump in Sr, Mg, K, Ce, La, Y and U
NP13AP285A 37.52 0.00 22.75 13.95 0.72 0.00 23.23 0.00 0.00 98.17 290 JA07B09 CEG V 1 10 Excellent last few slices integrated after initial irregular Ce, La, U and Y
NP13AP285A 37.91 0.00 23.41 13.91 0.00 0.00 23.91 0.00 0.00 99.14 290 JA07B10 CEG V 1 16 Good third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated and variable Ce, La, Y and U
NP13AP285A 38.03 0.00 23.66 13.57 0.27 0.00 24.15 0.00 0.00 99.68 290 JA07B11 CEG V 4 52 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Ce, La, Y and U
NP13AP285A 37.50 0.00 23.01 13.63 0.56 0.00 23.41 0.00 0.00 98.10 290 JA07B13 CEG V 2 25 Reasonable second quarter of signal integrated after initial spike in Pb, La and U until sharp step increase in Ce, La, U, Na and Y
NP13AP285A 37.59 0.00 23.56 14.14 0.00 0.00 23.59 0.00 0.00 98.88 290 JA07B14 CEG V 4 97 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP285A 37.59 0.00 23.51 13.78 0.00 0.00 23.87 0.00 0.00 98.74 290 JA07B15 CEG V 4 61 Excellent middle section of signal integrated after initial signal irregularities until small spikes in Y
NP13AP285A 38.14 0.00 23.03 14.51 0.00 0.00 23.77 0.00 0.00 99.46 290 JA07B16 CEG V 4 60 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until Na is detected
NP13AP285A 37.86 0.00 22.88 14.35 0.48 0.00 23.63 0.00 0.00 99.21 290 JA07B17 CEG V 4 59 Excellent first three quarters of signal integrated until large increase in Na
NP13AP285A 37.99 0.00 23.37 13.51 0.00 0.00 23.88 0.00 0.00 98.76 290 JA07B19 CEG V 1 10 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La, Y and Mg
NP13AP286 38.44 0.00 22.18 13.97 0.77 0.00 23.79 0.00 0.00 99.15 305 JA07A07 CEG V 2 25 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mn, Sr, K, Ce and La
NP13AP286 38.44 0.00 22.18 13.97 0.77 0.00 23.79 0.00 0.00 99.15 305 JA07A08 CEG V 4 97 Excellent signal integrated throughout
NP13AP286 37.76 0.00 22.47 14.87 0.00 0.00 23.56 0.00 0.00 98.65 305 JA07A11 CEG V 1 10 Reasonable slices integrated in second quarter of signal in-between elevated Ce and La
NP13AP286 38.57 0.00 24.92 12.72 0.41 0.00 24.01 0.00 0.00 100.64 305 JA07A12 BIG RAV 4 41 Perfect last half of signal integrated after initial elevated Zr and Y
NP13AP286 38.03 0.00 23.51 13.28 0.43 0.00 23.83 0.00 0.00 99.08 305 JA07A13 BIG RAV 1 12 Good first few slices integrated until beginning of continual increase in Y
NP13AP286 38.03 0.00 24.22 12.40 0.75 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 98.95 305 JA07A18 CEG V 3 32 Excellent second quarter of signal integrated after initial K until increase in Sr, Pb and Mn
NP13AP286 37.91 0.00 22.94 13.50 0.93 0.00 23.51 0.00 0.00 98.78 305 JA07A19 BIG V 4 96 Very good signal integrated throughout
NP13AP286 38.44 0.00 22.18 13.97 0.77 0.00 23.79 0.00 0.00 99.15 305 JA07A21 CEG V 4 78 Very good first three quarters of signal integrated until increase in Ce and La in last quarter
NP13AP286 37.99 0.00 23.58 13.34 1.73 0.00 22.64 0.00 0.00 99.28 305 JA07A22 CEG V 3 31 Excellent last half of signal integrated after initial highly elevated K returns to background levels
NP13AP286 37.89 0.38 22.98 13.78 0.75 0.00 23.44 0.00 0.00 99.21 305 JA07A24 BIG RAV 1 19 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce, La and Sr
NP13AP286 38.27 0.00 23.43 13.54 0.61 0.00 23.79 0.00 0.00 99.63 305 JA07A25 BIG RAV 0 6 Poor, but very first few slices integrated until K is detected
NP13AP295 37.33 0.00 22.35 14.75 0.00 0.00 22.99 0.00 0.00 97.43 233 DE08D01 CEG V 2 27 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Eu and Sb
NP13AP295 36.99 0.00 21.86 15.20 0.00 0.00 22.82 0.00 0.00 96.87 233 DE08D02 CEG V 2 22 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mn and Sr and decrease in Ti and V
NP13AP295 37.29 0.00 23.56 13.27 0.61 0.00 22.67 0.00 0.00 97.39 233 DE08D03 CEG V 3 92 Reasonable signal integrated throughout, some variation, likely zonation, in Mn
NP13AP295 37.34 0.00 22.82 14.14 0.15 0.00 22.89 0.00 0.00 97.34 233 DE08D05 CEG V 4 56 Reasonable last half of signal integrated after initial broad bump in Y, La, Ce, Pb, Sb and Eu
NP13AP295 37.12 0.00 22.60 14.58 0.48 0.00 22.51 0.00 0.00 97.29 233 DE08D06 CEG V 4 97 Good signal integrated throughout, minor variation in Mn
NP13AP295 37.18 0.00 22.05 15.61 0.00 0.00 22.58 0.00 0.00 97.43 233 DE08D07 CEG V 3 34 Excellent first half of signal integrated until bump in REE's, U and Th
NP13AP295 37.37 0.00 23.58 13.71 0.56 0.00 22.88 0.00 0.00 98.10 233 DE08D08 CEG V 4 50 Very good first half of signal integrated until increase in Zr and Sb with decrease in Sr

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP270 10.8 406 119581 191942 <6.0 988 738 1798 38128 0.6 <0.5 6.4 10.3 2252 2.2 0.5 <0.1 <0.1 1.6 0.8 16.3 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 21.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP270 6.3 345 124184 193075 <5.2 178 64 689 37203 0.5 <0.4 2.7 4.2 756 1.9 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 <0.1 1.0 4.0 6.1 1.0 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
NP13AP270 13.8 421 121960 194151 <6.0 173 35 747 38733 0.6 <0.4 2.8 1.1 839 1.8 0.1 <0.1 0.1 1.5 <0.1 1.7 5.8 8.0 1.2 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 6.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP270 14.0 411 122558 191678 <5.0 186 141 699 40622 0.6 <0.4 3.4 2.8 903 0.5 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 0.1 2.0 1.8 2.6 0.7 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 7.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP270 <5.7 609 121469 199583 <5.9 156 101 1332 36674 0.7 <0.5 3.5 6.7 807 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 3.3 0.5 0.9 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 9.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP270 <5.7 578 112968 180119 <6.1 116 69 694 35122 0.7 <0.4 3.0 <0.9 714 0.6 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 <0.2 0.9 2.0 2.7 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 6.5 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP270 <6.8 121 137492 210606 12.2 101 104 1160 33620 <0.2 <0.7 2.4 <1.3 1133 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 <0.2 0.8 3.8 4.7 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 8.8 <0.1 0.1 <0.0
NP13AP270 <6.0 167 126617 200494 <6.1 172 139 1042 39018 <0.2 <0.6 1.7 <1.0 1077 0.4 0.7 <0.1 <0.1 1.8 <0.1 1.5 3.6 4.8 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP270 13.3 512 132094 208312 <9.2 455 230 6567 40494 0.6 <0.5 5.5 2.1 3670 1.6 0.7 <0.2 <0.1 2.4 <0.2 14.0 1.4 1.5 1.6 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 46.7 <0.0 0.1 0.1
NP13AP270 11.9 452 129742 190790 <5.8 659 482 2672 36532 1.0 <0.5 10.5 7.6 3234 0.4 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 0.8 48.9 0.2 0.3 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 47.9 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP270 6.1 428 124447 187629 <5.6 719 619 2411 38916 0.9 <0.4 9.7 6.8 2777 0.9 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 1.4 0.7 37.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 36.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP274 10.2 637 119903 193979 10.1 1001 274 3043 56379 0.8 <0.5 17.8 10.0 3471 2.8 6.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.8 2.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 28.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP274 <14.7 705 116704 175048 <18.3 38 207 2966 56988 1.2 <1.5 15.9 10.9 2557 0.2 <0.2 <0.4 <0.1 1.5 1.9 1.0 0.7 0.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 31.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP274 16.9 455 129742 189516 <9.8 929 422 5612 50111 0.8 <0.8 25.6 16.9 5463 4.8 7.6 <0.2 <0.1 2.7 11.5 2.8 2.5 3.1 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 95.5 <0.0 <0.0 1.1
NP13AP274 9.6 495 119047 181919 <7.7 935 386 3077 50737 0.8 <0.6 21.9 21.5 3955 2.7 10.2 <0.2 <0.1 2.4 15.5 1.7 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 83.5 0.0 <0.0 0.9
NP13AP274 16.3 516 114668 168951 <11.3 924 382 3082 48905 1.0 <0.7 27.2 24.7 3937 3.1 6.9 <0.3 <0.1 1.6 15.8 2.0 1.9 2.1 0.8 0.6 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 88.8 <0.0 <0.0 1.0
NP13AP274 <12.0 494 118334 191969 <13.3 1219 373 3306 49915 1.0 <1.2 15.9 11.8 3682 1.3 8.8 <0.3 <0.1 1.8 2.3 4.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 <0.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 37.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.5
NP13AP274 <9.4 473 122449 175249 <13.1 411 427 3327 46543 1.0 <0.8 19.4 15.8 3395 1.9 3.8 <0.3 <0.1 1.2 2.2 2.7 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.3 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 30.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP274 10.5 607 124253 183973 <9.6 237 294 5185 47295 1.6 <0.6 26.4 35.1 3745 0.9 4.3 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 2.0 5.0 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 28.8 0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP274 10.7 814 121266 178210 14.0 422 491 3274 46381 1.2 <0.7 22.8 12.1 3136 2.0 2.4 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 3.4 2.5 1.9 3.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 42.2 <0.0 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP274 <10.5 685 125503 177409 <11.3 1030 342 3360 47569 1.2 <1.0 24.0 23.1 2991 1.3 5.0 <0.3 <0.1 2.2 1.8 4.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 26.2 <0.1 0.1 0.2
NP13AP285A 15.1 671 128674 185217 8.6 133 53 3369 37489 0.6 <0.5 10.5 3.1 903 1.7 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 2.5 0.2 1.1 9.4 12.1 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 38.4 0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP285A <5.6 421 127162 176903 21.7 130 54 2109 36903 0.3 0.5 7.8 2.9 415 1.7 2.3 <0.2 <0.1 2.1 <0.2 <0.3 4.2 6.2 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 23.8 <0.0 0.2 0.1
NP13AP285A 8.1 729 126749 187677 11.0 92 50 2877 39133 0.5 <0.7 12.0 1.6 573 0.5 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.1 <0.2 0.3 6.4 7.4 0.9 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 31.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP285A 12.6 569 134573 201180 <8.8 261 140 2926 40823 0.3 <0.5 10.5 2.9 517 1.3 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 2.7 <0.1 <0.4 5.5 7.6 0.8 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 27.3 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP285A 7.9 343 130101 188055 <6.8 110 105 2118 37388 0.4 <0.5 8.2 2.7 348 1.4 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.2 <0.1 <0.3 4.7 6.3 0.9 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 21.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
629
NP13AP285A <5.4 727 129157 178761 <7.1 108 93 2723 37644 0.3 <0.7 12.8 1.6 534 2.4 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 2.1 0.3 <0.3 9.0 11.3 1.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 31.2 0.1 0.0 0.3
NP13AP285A <14.5 678 130540 197353 <17.9 258 243 2406 41157 0.5 <1.7 11.9 <2.1 623 3.2 0.9 <0.4 <0.2 3.5 <0.3 <0.7 11.9 17.9 1.3 0.4 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 32.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.8
NP13AP285A <6.8 436 131242 199559 <11.3 167 95 2400 40453 0.4 <1.0 7.6 2.5 438 0.7 <0.2 <0.3 <0.1 2.3 <0.2 <0.6 7.1 8.9 1.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 25.5 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP285A <5.9 305 131017 197090 3.0 185 57 1841 40647 <0.2 <0.7 5.5 4.1 1077 0.7 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 4.2 <0.2 0.5 6.2 8.1 1.0 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 44.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP285A <7.2 504 126609 180837 <10.0 278 97 2697 37674 0.6 <0.7 13.0 3.1 403 3.0 0.2 <0.3 <0.1 2.1 <0.2 <0.4 5.2 6.6 0.8 0.3 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 21.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.0
NP13AP285A 9.5 574 129239 190943 <7.2 458 111 2741 38639 0.5 <0.4 13.4 2.5 492 2.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.0 0.2 <0.3 7.7 10.0 1.0 0.2 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 25.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP285A 5.9 341 130720 200061 <7.6 181 212 2187 40625 0.4 <0.6 7.7 2.6 445 7.8 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.4 0.3 <0.3 4.1 4.7 1.6 2.2 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.6 <0.0 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP285A <5.6 428 126877 195422 <5.9 86 100 1986 40305 0.4 <0.5 9.1 2.6 438 2.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.6 <0.1 0.4 6.1 6.8 1.1 0.4 0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 23.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP285A <4.6 902 128175 195974 <5.5 102 102 3036 39694 0.6 <0.5 13.4 3.6 558 1.7 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 2.0 <0.2 0.4 6.4 7.1 1.1 0.3 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 34.0 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP285A <13.7 714 126002 203418 <14.0 280 126 3328 39723 0.6 <1.0 17.2 <2.4 580 7.5 <0.3 0.3 <0.1 <1.0 <0.4 0.6 5.6 9.0 1.4 1.4 0.3 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 39.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP286 <4.8 875 125089 189117 <8.3 308 232 3587 37009 0.5 <0.7 10.0 4.3 1010 0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 <0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 26.8 0.3 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP286 <5.4 916 126333 197858 <6.6 455 259 3022 38244 0.5 <0.4 11.0 4.5 784 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.6 <0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 23.4 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP286 <8.5 885 126209 185788 18.0 229 152 4605 38828 0.4 <0.8 13.8 1.7 1725 0.3 <0.1 <0.4 <0.1 1.1 <0.3 1.9 0.2 0.4 0.2 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 37.8 0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP286 <6.6 556 137902 215654 <11.2 248 265 6758 40059 0.7 <0.8 9.1 1.8 2200 0.6 0.7 <0.3 <0.1 <1.0 1.4 7.7 5.4 6.5 0.4 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 52.5 0.4 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP286 <7.0 413 136790 181624 <9.1 326 296 5785 34356 0.5 <0.7 6.9 2.1 2190 1.3 1.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.5 1.7 4.8 5.1 6.3 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 57.8 0.2 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP286 <5.6 707 135118 196839 18.8 280 171 5139 35497 0.5 <0.6 12.1 2.6 1277 0.8 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.3 0.9 2.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 34.0 0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP286 <4.9 824 132638 195133 <6.9 139 116 5634 36597 0.6 <0.6 11.5 1.9 1339 0.8 0.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 0.6 1.9 0.6 0.9 0.4 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 33.5 0.0 <0.0 0.7
NP13AP286 <5.6 1112 128967 191252 <7.3 467 258 4676 38598 0.8 <0.4 14.5 3.0 746 0.2 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.6 <0.1 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 21.7 0.4 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP286 <7.2 529 131148 200182 14.9 272 234 6025 38541 0.7 <0.7 10.7 1.4 1924 0.5 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 1.3 0.8 4.8 1.0 1.5 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 47.6 0.2 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP286 <6.5 484 128899 193414 <9.8 1733 495 6138 35150 0.6 <0.8 10.5 1.8 1895 1.8 3.2 0.3 <0.1 1.8 0.8 0.4 2.1 2.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 42.0 0.1 <0.0 0.3
NP13AP286 25.0 690 131607 176529 <13.1 555 302 8014 35437 0.8 <1.0 14.3 2.1 2173 6.6 0.9 <0.3 <0.2 2.3 0.7 2.1 5.0 7.2 0.8 1.5 0.2 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 50.5 0.1 <0.1 0.7
NP13AP295 10.2 105 122734 176488 <6.6 429 271 2598 41718 0.2 0.7 3.9 53.9 10389 15.4 1.1 <0.2 <0.1 1.1 3.4 3.5 4.2 6.5 1.6 1.8 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 139.9 <0.1 0.1 0.2
NP13AP295 7.9 94 116014 174667 <7.9 827 613 1283 45081 0.3 <0.5 2.5 29.1 8465 11.1 0.5 <0.2 <0.1 0.8 3.2 3.7 1.2 1.4 1.1 2.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 77.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP295 <10.0 94 119638 167927 <9.1 332 532 3347 44522 0.4 <0.8 2.9 37.1 10608 8.1 0.1 <0.3 <0.1 1.3 1.6 3.3 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 87.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.4
NP13AP295 8.0 115 123432 175284 <8.2 536 342 1751 46591 0.3 0.5 3.6 48.3 9204 18.0 0.8 0.2 <0.1 1.4 3.2 5.1 3.2 6.0 1.4 2.6 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 114.8 <0.0 0.0 0.3
NP13AP295 14.2 107 126645 182723 <6.0 245 200 5013 42678 0.3 <0.5 4.0 56.1 12015 20.7 0.6 0.4 <0.1 1.5 3.0 4.0 5.8 9.3 2.2 2.4 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 142.7 <0.0 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP295 9.2 116 127795 186808 <6.4 330 362 4124 42334 0.3 <0.5 4.4 44.7 16754 17.9 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 1.5 11.4 6.9 3.2 3.9 3.8 1.6 0.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 174.4 0.1 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP295 13.4 150 125607 175681 <5.9 285 204 2765 41120 0.4 <0.5 4.9 53.9 13466 31.6 4.1 0.1 <0.1 1.4 8.7 8.1 7.5 16.1 2.6 2.8 0.4 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 190.2 <0.0 0.1 0.4

(oC)
NP13AP295 36.99 0.00 22.81 13.67 0.52 0.00 22.44 0.00 0.00 96.42 233 DE08D09 CEG V 1 17 Good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, Y and Zr followed by downwards blip in most elements
NP13AP295 37.16 0.00 23.66 13.44 0.92 0.00 21.83 0.00 0.00 97.00 233 DE08D10 CEG V 1 16 Good first quarter of signal integrated until beginning of continual increase in Y, Ce, La, Sb and Eu
NP13AP295 36.75 0.00 23.52 13.52 0.81 0.00 21.58 0.00 0.00 96.19 233 DE08D15 CEG V 2 25 Good first quarter of signal integrated until beginning of continual increase in Sb and Eu
NP13AP295 37.09 0.00 22.52 14.51 0.46 0.00 22.37 0.00 0.00 96.97 233 DE08D16 CEG V 2 21 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until sharp increase in Th and Zr
NP13AP295 37.82 0.00 22.77 14.85 0.00 0.00 22.96 0.00 0.00 98.40 233 DE08D17 CEG V 2 23 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Ce, La and Sb
NP13AP295 36.97 0.00 20.78 16.31 0.00 0.00 23.23 0.00 0.00 97.29 233 DE08D18 CEG V 1 18 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated Zr
NP13AP312 37.86 0.00 21.90 15.41 0.52 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 99.34 303 DE08E07 ASG V 3 35 Excellent first half of signal integrated after initial elevated and irregular Ce and La
NP13AP312 37.86 0.00 21.90 15.41 0.52 0.00 23.65 0.00 0.00 99.34 303 DE08E08 ASG V 1 13 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until grain begins to be ablated through
NP13AP312 37.89 0.00 22.09 15.67 0.77 0.00 23.48 0.00 0.00 99.90 303 DE08E09 ASG V 0 7 Poor, but good few slices integrated in first quarter of signal in-between elevated K
NP13AP312 38.03 0.00 23.69 13.40 0.94 0.00 23.17 0.00 0.00 99.24 303 DE08E10 ASG V 1 10 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until K is detected and Sr increases
NP13AP312 37.12 0.00 21.58 15.05 0.63 0.00 22.92 0.00 0.00 97.30 303 DE08E11 ASG V 1 26 Poor owing to slightly elevated K, otherwise good first few slices integrated until large increase in Mg, K, Sr, Ce and La
NP13AP312 37.69 0.00 21.96 15.44 0.92 0.00 22.85 0.00 0.00 98.86 303 DE08E12 ASG V 2 21 Excellent first quarter of signal integrated until large spike in Cu, Co and Fe
NP13AP312 38.12 0.00 22.62 14.41 0.84 0.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 99.34 303 DE08E15 ASG V 2 22 Very good first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Sr and Y
NP13AP312 37.89 0.00 22.13 15.58 0.77 0.00 23.11 0.00 0.00 99.48 303 DE08E16 ASG V 1 10 Reasonable first few slices integrated until K is detected, increasing with Sr, Ce, Y and La
NP13AP312 37.74 0.00 21.96 15.47 0.77 0.00 23.25 0.00 0.00 99.19 303 DE08E17 ASG V 2 20 Perfect first quarter of signal integrated until large step increase in Ce, La, Y and Eu
NP13AP312 38.42 0.00 22.98 15.25 0.54 0.00 23.49 0.00 0.00 100.69 303 DE08E18 ASG V 1 13 Reasonable third quarter of signal integrated in-between elevated K, Sr, Ce, La and Y
NP13AP312 38.23 0.00 24.19 12.94 0.65 0.00 22.89 0.00 0.00 98.89 303 DE08E19 ASG V 0 3 Poor, but very first couple of slices integrated until large increase in Mg and ablation through grain
NP13AP312 37.97 0.00 22.83 14.20 0.68 0.00 23.17 0.00 0.00 98.85 303 DE08E20 ASG V 0 4 Poor, but a couple of slices in second quarter of signal integrated with lowest Mg and K counts
NP13AP312 38.48 0.00 24.20 12.54 0.61 0.00 23.70 0.00 0.00 99.54 303 DE08E22 ASG V 1 10 Good first quarter of signal integrated until step increase in Ce and La
NP13AP312 37.50 0.00 21.90 15.81 0.57 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 99.31 303 DE08E25 ASG V 0 9 Poor, but some slices in third quarter of signal integrated in-between otherwise elevated K
NP13AP318 37.07 0.00 23.75 13.51 0.00 0.00 22.40 0.00 0.00 96.74 311 SE27E01 CEG V 1 19 Very good first quarter of signal with consistent Mn integrated
NP13AP318 36.99 0.00 24.05 12.71 0.00 0.00 22.30 0.00 0.00 96.05 311 SE27E02 CEG V 1 21 Reasonable first quarter of signal integrated until increase in Mn and decrease in Sr
NP13AP318 40.00 0.00 20.27 13.22 0.00 0.00 20.33 0.00 0.00 93.83 311 SE27E04 CEG V 3 38 Excellent first half of signal integrated until increase in Sb
NP13AP318 39.94 0.00 20.46 13.55 0.00 0.00 20.11 0.00 0.00 94.06 311 SE27E05 CEG V 2 38 Reasonable last half of signal integrated following initially elevated Sb and Pb
NP13AP318 39.30 0.00 20.56 13.70 0.00 0.00 20.71 0.00 0.00 94.26 311 SE27E06 CEG V 4 40 Perfect first half of signal integrated until step increase in La and Mg
NP13AP318 38.06 0.00 22.22 15.14 0.00 0.00 23.73 0.00 0.00 99.15 311 SE27E07 CEG V 1 17 Good first quarter signal but with elevated Sb throughout perhaps indicating contamination
630
NP13AP318 37.40 0.00 22.40 14.44 0.23 0.00 22.87 0.00 0.00 97.33 311 SE27E08 CEG V 4 60 Good first half of signal integrated until blip in Mn; again elevated Sb throughout
NP13AP318 38.06 0.00 22.33 15.50 0.00 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 99.42 311 SE27E09 CEG V 4 101 Perfect signal integrated throughout
NP13AP318 37.89 0.00 22.45 15.48 0.00 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 99.57 311 SE27E11 CEG V 3 35 Excellent signal throughout except for elevated Zr, last quarter with lowest Zr integrated
NP13AP318 37.35 0.00 23.71 12.41 0.00 0.00 22.43 0.00 0.00 95.90 311 SE27E12 CEG V 2 29 Good throughout except for variable and high Zr and Ce, smoothest part of last half integrated
NP13AP318 36.58 0.00 23.22 14.34 1.59 0.00 21.16 0.00 0.00 96.89 311 SE27E14 CEG V 2 30 Steep drop off in monitored elements, but otherwise first half of signal good and integrated until Pb and Sb increase
NP13AP318 37.24 0.00 21.82 15.76 0.00 0.00 23.97 0.00 0.00 98.79 311 SE27E15 CEG V 4 95 Excellent signal integrated throughout

Unique sample
number 23 24 27 29 39 47 51 55 57 59 65 66 75 88 89 90 95 107 118 121 137 139 140 153 172 175 178 181 197 205 208 209 232 238
NP13AP295 22.5 140 127611 175344 <8.1 369 179 5128 37250 0.4 0.9 6.4 72.9 12278 20.4 3.4 0.3 <0.1 0.9 8.2 7.1 5.4 12.9 1.7 2.2 0.3 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 160.9 0.0 0.2 0.2
NP13AP295 <8.1 111 122486 168889 <7.2 263 322 6653 40981 0.4 0.7 3.1 45.6 15952 15.2 3.2 0.4 <0.1 1.3 1.9 4.9 6.0 8.4 2.7 2.0 0.3 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 136.3 <0.1 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP295 13.2 124 132965 170903 <7.2 288 196 7350 38544 0.2 <0.6 4.5 57.6 16922 43.5 3.2 0.3 <0.1 1.3 11.4 5.9 10.4 20.0 5.1 4.3 0.5 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 201.4 0.1 0.0 1.1
NP13AP295 10.3 124 120243 159808 <4.4 488 280 3005 40125 0.1 <0.3 3.7 51.2 11153 45.0 2.3 0.1 <0.0 1.2 4.1 6.1 20.3 33.5 3.3 6.2 0.9 0.1 <0.0 <0.0 0.0 136.4 <0.0 0.1 0.6
NP13AP295 13.1 128 119346 165260 <3.4 637 304 1586 42052 0.3 <0.3 4.7 59.7 9758 18.4 1.8 0.1 <0.0 0.9 3.3 7.8 3.8 8.9 0.9 2.6 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 121.5 <0.0 0.1 0.2
NP13AP295 17.1 108 129862 183789 <10.6 168 282 4659 51889 0.5 <0.9 3.8 45.1 11793 21.1 10.6 <0.3 <0.1 1.5 2.4 3.3 9.0 16.2 2.1 3.1 0.4 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 144.8 <0.1 <0.1 0.7
NP13AP312 11.7 488 134071 197878 <9.4 543 382 6759 53378 <0.3 <0.8 7.2 3.8 707 0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.1 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP312 <10.1 609 130334 187053 17.4 391 354 5176 48618 0.3 <0.8 6.9 2.8 355 0.9 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.7 <0.2 0.4 1.7 2.8 0.4 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 7.2 <0.1 <0.0 <0.0
NP13AP312 <16.5 507 117825 175537 31.5 419 330 5933 46330 <0.5 <1.1 4.8 2.2 582 0.4 <0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.3 0.3 1.4 0.2 0.3 2.0 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 10.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP312 <14.5 512 128266 191813 45.2 143 337 7106 51361 0.4 <1.2 4.9 2.2 737 2.8 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 1.9 0.4 1.0 2.3 2.8 3.2 0.7 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 14.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP312 <12.2 458 122301 170722 145.5 623 393 6984 45655 <0.2 <0.9 8.1 2.4 1300 2.4 0.2 0.2 <0.1 5.7 0.4 2.6 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.1 13.3 0.3 <0.1 0.4
NP13AP312 <11.3 485 120683 162311 <9.5 165 348 6154 47530 0.3 <0.7 6.2 2.3 811 0.4 0.1 0.3 <0.1 1.7 0.5 1.4 <0.0 0.1 1.3 0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 13.9 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP312 11.4 399 132966 181725 16.3 687 495 6430 45932 0.3 0.6 4.0 2.1 1866 5.3 0.3 0.2 <0.1 2.5 0.7 2.9 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 14.3 0.7 <0.1 1.1
NP13AP312 <14.5 671 129005 183124 <10.9 216 301 7266 53777 0.3 <0.9 5.0 2.1 682 1.4 <0.2 <0.3 <0.1 3.1 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.9 4.6 0.2 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0 13.4 <0.1 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP312 12.3 489 126837 182251 <9.7 909 413 5764 48582 <0.2 <0.7 4.3 2.3 736 0.9 0.1 0.3 <0.1 2.0 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 11.8 <0.0 <0.0 0.1
NP13AP312 <34.3 525 132169 192800 34.2 781 402 6273 54698 0.9 <2.1 5.7 <2.6 701 0.2 <0.4 <0.6 <0.2 1.9 <0.4 <1.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 <0.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.0 12.5 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1
NP13AP312 <28.7 873 128534 149382 <21.9 208 327 9015 42611 <0.6 <1.6 7.4 4.1 682 2.2 <0.3 <0.6 <0.2 2.9 0.9 <0.9 1.8 2.2 1.3 <0.3 <0.1 <0.3 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 14.0 <0.2 <0.1 0.1
NP13AP312 <18.5 424 135464 186668 128.3 160 218 7315 40634 <0.5 <1.3 10.2 3.9 1067 2.1 0.3 <0.3 <0.2 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.7 5.6 2.2 <0.2 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 35.3 0.1 <0.1 0.2
NP13AP312 <13.2 356 137286 202648 <13.2 109 684 5053 38828 <0.4 <0.8 9.0 3.2 2831 0.4 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 0.7 1.8 0.7 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.0 <0.2 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 24.0 1.5 <0.1 <0.0
NP13AP312 <18.6 646 138050 201484 120.0 651 437 8165 51444 0.4 <1.5 6.7 <2.2 1313 3.7 0.3 <0.4 <0.2 5.4 0.4 1.3 1.0 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.1 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 15.2 0.2 <0.1 0.7
NP13AP318 <39.8 42 125469 168178 <6.5 202 277 3552 57623 0.2 <0.5 2.5 55.5 20728 0.9 0.3 0.1 <0.0 0.9 30.2 8.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 82.2 0.1 <0.0 1.8
NP13AP318 <38.7 66 108529 172230 <7.8 532 833 2096 69485 0.1 <0.5 2.3 39.8 10436 0.5 0.7 <0.1 <0.0 1.0 8.3 3.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 40.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.7
NP13AP318 32.8 52 103793 161523 <5.6 222 462 1541 64929 0.2 <0.4 2.6 83.2 6037 0.1 0.5 <0.0 0.0 1.0 1.5 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 23.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP318 <64.9 36 100643 163380 <0.2 126 349 504 64347 0.1 <0.7 3.1 70.2 2904 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.0 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.4 <0.1 <0.0 0.2
NP13AP318 <39.3 49 103604 160819 <6.2 165 531 1791 68709 0.1 0.4 3.2 76.7 6168 0.1 0.4 0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 22.5 <0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP13AP318 <42.2 119 122355 175752 <7.8 207 480 811 72303 0.3 <0.5 6.3 78.9 7101 0.4 14.9 <0.1 <0.0 1.3 24.3 3.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 70.9 <0.1 <0.0 0.7
631
NP13AP318 <34.6 100 119217 181281 <7.1 199 450 778 68033 0.3 <0.5 5.6 82.0 8635 0.7 12.8 0.0 <0.0 1.5 29.2 3.7 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 <0.0 70.4 0.1 <0.0 0.9
NP13AP318 <29.2 60 119563 186598 <6.9 261 593 2020 79936 0.2 <0.4 3.2 88.7 7088 0.2 0.9 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 26.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP13AP318 <57.9 81 119968 197349 <11.6 141 474 595 80455 0.4 <0.7 6.2 103.1 5294 0.3 9.4 <0.1 <0.0 1.3 10.9 2.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 51.8 <0.2 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP318 <56.1 117 115622 187155 18.0 190 460 723 74841 0.4 <0.8 6.7 94.9 5988 0.7 49.8 <0.1 0.0 1.6 21.4 2.4 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.4 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 63.6 <0.2 <0.0 0.6
NP13AP318 <43.8 73 117109 170022 <10.9 188 270 8966 67189 0.1 <0.6 2.5 61.3 16617 0.5 0.1 0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.9 3.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 28.2 <0.1 <0.0 0.5
NP13AP318 <63.0 46 118307 187866 <12.5 135 507 621 81630 0.2 <0.9 3.8 65.1 3891 0.2 0.6 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 5.7 <0.2 <0.0 0.4
NP13AP318 <73.4 30 116247 166104 <12.9 193 292 818 61846 0.2 <0.8 2.1 71.3 20753 4.8 2.0 <0.1 <0.0 0.9 50.3 9.0 1.0 2.2 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0 <0.0 <0.1 <0.0 129.7 0.2 <0.0 3.7
NP13AP318 <77.3 48 119177 166035 <14.6 211 356 860 62236 0.2 <0.9 3.3 69.3 18886 4.5 11.1 <0.1 <0.0 1.2 43.5 7.9 2.1 4.9 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.3 <0.0 <0.0 <0.1 118.3 0.2 <0.0 3.3

Pacey 2016 Geochemistry Propilitic Alteration Cu-Au

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Pacey 2016 Geochemistry Propilitic Alteration Cu-Au

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

T HE C HARACTERISTICS , G EOCHEMISTRY AND

O RIGIN OF P ROPYLITIC A LTERATION IN THE

Adam Pacey MSci (Hons)

Department of Earth Science and Engineering

Supervised by Dr. Jamie J. Wilkinson

Northparkes Rill Towers

1.1 Research motivation - why? ......................................................................................................... 1

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 11

2.3 The Northparkes deposits ......................................................................................................... 16

2.4 Principal lithologies ................................................................................................................... 22

2.4.2 Northparkes magmatic rocks ....................................................................................................................... 25

2.4.3 Breccias and magmatic-hydrothermal features ...................................................................................... 30

2.5 Lithogeochemistry ..................................................................................................................... 33

2.6 Alteration and veining ............................................................................................................... 39

2.6.3 Magnetite ± biotite alteration and associated veins............................................................................... 44

2.6.4 Propylitic alteration and associated veins ................................................................................................. 46

2.6.5 Sericitic alteration ............................................................................................................................................ 50

2.7 Geochronology ........................................................................................................................... 55

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 61

3.3 Selection of immobile elements ................................................................................................ 69

3.5 Discussion: the net chemical effects of alteration ................................................................... 80

3.5.4 Sericitic alteration/veins................................................................................................................................. 85

3.6 Discussion: geochemical dispersion within porphyry systems .............................................. 87

3.7 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 92

4. SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN CHLORITE AND EPIDOTE MINERAL CHEMISTRY................................................. 95

4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 95

4.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 100

4.4 Chlorite results ......................................................................................................................... 108

4.4.2 Chlorite mineral chemistry ..........................................................................................................................110

4.4.5 Chlorite results summary .............................................................................................................................122

4.5 Epidote results .......................................................................................................................... 123

4.5.2 Epidote mineral chemistry ...........................................................................................................................125

4.5.5 Epidote results summary..............................................................................................................................137

4.7 Exploration applications .......................................................................................................... 146

5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 151

5.4 Isotope data .............................................................................................................................. 160

5.4.2 Hydrogen isotope data .................................................................................................................................164

5.4.3 Rubidium and strontium isotope data .....................................................................................................165

5.5 Determining the temperature gradient in porphyry systems .............................................. 167

5.5.2 Magnetite-quartz geothermometry ..........................................................................................................168

5.6 O-H isotope tracing .................................................................................................................. 174

5.7 Sr isotope tracing ..................................................................................................................... 182

6. THE NATURE OF PROPYLITIC ALTERATION IN PORPHYRY ORE DEPOSITS ..............................................189

6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 189

6.3 A single magmatic fluid? .......................................................................................................... 195

APPENDIX A: Reference guide to Northparkes lithologies ................................................................................... 223

Fig. 2.3: Geological map of the Northparkes region ........................................................................................................... 14

Fig. 2.9: Photographic examples of the principal plutonic rocks ..................................................................................... 26

Fig. 2.11: Photographic examples of breccias and magmatic-hydrothermal features ............................................ 33

Fig. 3.3: Photomicrographs of propylitic alteration showing hydrothermal zircons, replacement of

Fig. 4.1: Idealised chlorite mineral structure ......................................................................................................................... 97

Fig. 4.2: Polyhedral structural model of epidote .................................................................................................................. 98

Fig. 4.5: SEM-BSE photomicrographs of chlorite alteration textures........................................................................... 109

Fig. 4.12: SEM-BSE photomicrographs of epidote alteration textures ........................................................................ 124

Fig. 5.4: Plot of chlorite δD vs. Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio ............................................................................................................... 164

U NITS AND MEASUREMENT : L ITHOLOGIES :

EDS Energy dispersive spectroscopy

1.1 R ESEARCH MOTIVATION - WHY?

Use of a thorough, scientifically-underpinned model of porphyry deposits, capable of explaining empirical

Initial summaries of mineralisation in the Northparkes district

2.2.1 The Nelungaloo Volcanics and Yarrimbah Formation

2.2.3 The Wombin Volcanics

2.3 THE NORTHPARKES DEPOSITS

2.4.1 Country rock volcanics