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Surface water

Article · May 2018

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Surface water
Surface water is water on the surface of the planet such as in a river,
lake, wetland, or ocean. It can be contrasted with groundwater and
atmospheric water.

Non-saline surface water uses is replenished by precipitation and by

recruitment from ground-water. It is lost through evaporation,
seepage into the ground where it becomes ground-water, used by
plants for transpiration, extracted by mankind for agriculture, living,
industry etc. or discharged to the sea where it becomes saline.

Contents Image of the entire surface water flow of the

Alapaha River near Jennings, Florida going into a
Conjunctive use of ground and surface water sinkhole leading to the Floridan Aquifer
groundwater.
See also
References
External links

Conjunctive use of ground and surface water

Surface and groundwater are two separate entities, so they must be regarded as such. However, there is an ever-increasing need for
management of the two as they are part of an interrelated system that is paramount when the demand for water exceeds the available
supply (Fetter 464). Depletion of surface and ground water sources for public consumption (including industrial, commercial, and
residential) is caused by over-pumping. Aquifers near river systems that are over-pumped have been known to deplete surface water
sources as well. Research supporting this has been found in numerous water budgets for a multitude of cities.

Response times for an aquifer are long (Young & Bredehoeft 1972). However, a total ban on ground water usage during water
recessions would allow surface water to retain better levels required for sustainable aquatic life. By reducing ground water pumping,
the surface water supplies will be able to maintain their levels, as they rechar
ge from direct precipitation, surface runoff, etc.

See also
Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant
Meltwater
Optimum water content for tillage

References
Applied Hydrogeology, Fourth Edition by C.W. Fetter.
R.A. Young and J.D. Bredehoeft Digital simulation for solving management problems with conjunctive groundwater
and surface water systems from Water Resources Research 8:533-56

External links
"Surface Water," Iowa State University
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