KATAAS-TAASANG, KAGALANG-GALANGANG KATIPUNAN

Introduction
The Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan, also known as Katipunan or KKK, Philippine revolutionary society founded
by anti-Spanish colonialism Filipinos in Manila in 1892; its primary goal was to gain
independence from Spain through a revolution. Documents discovered in the 21st
century suggest that the society had been organized as early as January 1892 but may
not have become active until July 7 of the same year; that was the date that Filipino
writer José Rizal was to be banished to Dapitan.

Founded by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa and
others, the Katipunan was a secret organization until it was discovered in 1896. This
discovery led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.

The Tagalog word "katipunan", literally meaning 'association' or 'assembly', comes

from the root word "tipon", a Tagalog word meaning "gathering".[6] Being a secret
organization, its members were subjected to the utmost secrecy and were expected to
abide by the rules established by the society.[7] Aspiring applicants were given standard
initiation rites in order to become members of the society. At first, membership in the
Katipunan was only open to male Filipinos; later, women were accepted into the society.
The Katipunan had its own publication, Kalayaan (Liberty) which issued its first and last
printing in March 1896. Revolutionary ideals and works flourished within the society, and
Filipino literature was expanded by some of its prominent members.

In planning the revolution, Bonifacio contacted Rizal for his full-fledged support for
the Katipunan in exchange for a promise to rescue Rizal from his detention. In May 1896,
a delegation was sent to Emperor Meiji of Japan in order to solicit funds and military arms.
The Katipunan's existence was revealed to the Spanish authorities after a member named
Teodoro Patiño revealed the Katipunan's illegal activities to his sister, and finally to the
mother portress of the Mandaluyong Orphanage. Days after the Spanish authorities
learned of the existence of the secret society, on August 1896, Bonifacio and his men
tore up their cédulas during the Cry of Balintawak that started the Philippine Revolution
of 1896.

Brief Description of the Author

December 15, 1875, Emilio Jacinto was born in Trozo, Manila. Even as children,
Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio were close as he was nursed by Andres Bonifacio’s
mother. At a young age Emilio Jacinto learned to speak Spanish but this did not hinder
his fluency in the Filipino Language. Due to poverty, he was often dressed in used clothing
which were not taken out of hock, making him the subject of many jokes. Despite his
poverty, he was well educated. Jacinto finished primary education in a private school and
obtained a bachelor of arts in Colegio de San Juan de Letran.

Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863 in a small hut at Calle
Azcarraga, presently known as Claro M. Recto Avenue in Tondo, Manila. His parents
were Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro.

Andres was the eldest in a brood of five. His other siblings were Ciriaco, Procopio,
Troadio, Esperidiona and Maxima. He obtained his basic education through a certain
Guillermo Osmeña of Cebu. The Bonifacio family was orphaned when Andres was barely
fourteen. With this, Andres assumed the responsibility of raising his younger siblings.
 Born on March 23, 1869, Emilio Aguinaldo grew up in Kawit in Cavite Province and
was educated in Manila. Appointed to a municipal position in his home province, he was also
the local leader of a revolutionary society fighting Spanish rule over the Philippines. By an
agreement signed with rebel leaders in January 1898, Spain agreed to institute liberal reforms
and to pay a large indemnity; the rebels then went into exile.

Historical Background of the Event

In 1892 Filipinos interested in the overthrow of Spanish rule founded an

organization following Masonic rites and principles to organize armed resistance and
terrorist assassinations within a context of total secrecy. It operated as an alternative
Filipino government complete with a president and cabinet. When Andrés
Bonifacio assumed control over the organization, it became much more aggressive.
With the Grito de Balintawak, the Philippine revolution began. Filipinos ripped up their
tax and citizenship documents and started fighting through Luzon. Emilio Jacinto
commanded Katipunan's troops in several decisive struggle where both sides
sustained major losses. The Katipunan movement frightened the Spanish and their
supporters in the country. Consequently, the authorities arrested or exiled some 4,000
rebels, not to mention the myriad executions. At this time, the Filipinos were by no means
united; Emilio Aguinaldo served as president of the insurgent government while José
Rizal headed the Liga Filipina.

When General Camilo de Polavieja became the new Spanish military governor on
December 3, 1896, he utilized the same strategy of reconcentration as did his
counterpart Valeriano Weyler in Cuba. He also ordered the execution of Rizal and 24
others. The spanish crackdown led to a series of victories against Andrés Bonifacio and
the Katipunan that Aguinaldo was quick to take advantage of at the Tejeros Convention
in March 1897 to force the Katipunan into his new revolutionary government. The
Katipunan was revived briefly during the insurrection against the U.S. in 1900.
Content and Contextual Analysis

Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangan Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or

Katipunan is ostensibly the most imperative association that shaped Philippine history.
While hostile to frontier developments, endeavors, and associations had just been built
up hundreds of years preceding the establishment of the Katipunan, it was just this
association that imagined the accompanying;

1. A united Filipino nation that would revolt against the Spaniards for the total
independence of the country from Spain.
2. Previous armed revolts had already occurred before foundation of the
Katipunan, but none of them envisioned a unified Filipino nation revolting
against colonizers.

Katipunan created a complex structure and a defined value system that would guide the
organization as a collection aspiring for single goal. One of the most important Katipunan
documents was the Kartilya ng Katipunan. The original title of the document was “Manga
Aral Nang Katipunan.” The document was written by Emilio Jacinto in the 1896. Jacinto
was only 18 years old when he joined the movement. He was a law student at the
Universidad de Santo Tomas. Despite his youth, Bonifacio recognized the value and
intellect of Jacinto that upon seeing that Jacinto’s Kartilya was much better than
the Decalogue he wrote, he willingly favored that the Kartilya be distributed to their
fellow Katipuneros. Jacinto became the secretary of the organization and took charge of
the short-lived printing press of the Katipunan.

Main points raised by the articles

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` Impact of the Philippine History

 (culture and norms, politics, religious and values)

Contribution in the Philippines at the present

The Kartilya ng Katiupunanwas the moral and intellectual foundation used to guide
the Katipunerosand lays out the rules and principles that needed to be obeyed upon
joining the secret society. It is one of the few recorded documents of the Philippine
Revolution that survived today, and hence provides a perspective to modern generations
on how this code contributed to understanding our history and how it shaped the present.
The relevance of the Kartilya ng Katipunan to the Contemporary time is that the people
were made aware that the Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society in which its
primary goal was for the country to gain independence from Spain through a revolution.
Kartilya ng Katipunan laid out the group's rules and principles (consisting14 rules and
principles) for their people and comrades to fullyunderstand and follow their objectives.
Through this document, the Filipinos were encouraged that there were intellectual and
moral revolutionaries fighting for the nation’sindependence.

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