CLS Aipmt 19 20 XII Che Study Package 6 Level 1 Chapter 14

Level - I
Chapter 14
Biomolecules
Solutions (Set-1)
SECTION - A
School/Board Exam. Type Questions
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1. What are the two end products of cellular respiration?
Sol. CO2 and H2O.
2. Are proteins natural or synthetic polymers?
Sol. Natural polymers.
3. Which group in phospholipid is lyophilic?
Sol. Phosphate group.
4. Name the two carbohydrates which act as biofuels.
Sol. Starch and glycogen.
5. How many amino acids occur in almost all protein?
Sol. 20.
6. What are the constituents of starch?
Sol. Amylose and amylopectin.
7. Name a polypeptide hormone which maintains glucose level in blood.
Sol. Insulin.
8. What is mutarotation?
Sol. The spontaneous change of specific rotation of an optically active substance with time is called mutarotation.
9. Name the purines present in DNA.
Sol. Adenine and guanine.
10. Name the molecule which provides energy for all the activities of a cell.
Sol. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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2 Biomolecules Solutions of Assignment (Set-1) (Level-I)
Short Answer Type Questions :
11. What are tetrasaccharides? Give one example.
Sol. Tetrasaccharides give four molecules of same of different monosaccharides. For example, stachyrose on
hydrolysis gives one molecule of glucose, one of fructose and two of galactose.
12. How do amino acids form proteins?
Sol. -amino acids undergo condensation reaction between –NH2 group of one acid and –COOH group of the other
with elimination of H2O molecule.
13. What is importance of amino acids for us?
Sol. They are building blocks of proteins which are essential for growth and maintenance of life.
14. What type of bonding occurs in Globular proteins?
Sol. van der Waals interactions, disulphide bridges, dipolar interactions (ionic) and hydrogen bonding.
15. What is invert sugar?
Sol. An equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose obtained by hydrolysis of sucrose in presence of an acid such
as dil. HCl or enzyme invertase is called invert sugar.
16. What causes disease sickle cell anaemia?
Sol. Defective haemoglobin which is produced due to replacement of one amino acid i.e., glutamic acid by valikne.
17. What is the enzyme present in saliva? What is its function?
Sol. The enzyme present in saliva is amylase. It converts starch into maltose.
18. Define mutation.
Sol. An alternation in the base sequence of nucleic acid molecule is called mutation.
19. What are carbohydrates? Why they are generally optically active?
Sol. Hydrocarbons are the hydrates of carbon having general formula Cx(H2O)y. Carbohydrate molecules have one
or more asymmetric carbon atoms. Hence they are generally optically active.
20. What are enzymes?
Sol. Most of the reactions in living systems proceed at very high rates under physiological pH of 7.4 and
temperature of 37ºC under one atm pressure. All these reactions are catalysed by a group of biomolecules
called enzyme. Thus enzymes are biological catalysts, chemically almost all the enzymes are globular
proteins.
21. What are reducing sugar?
Sol. Carbohydrates which reduces Tollen’s reagent and Fehling solution are called reducing sugars. All
monosaccharides (aldose and ketose such as glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose etc.) and disaccharides
(such as maltose, lactose etc.) except sucrose are reducing sugars.
Solutions of Assignment (Set-1) (Level-I) Biomolecules 3
22. What type of linkage holds together the monomers of DNA?
Sol. The monomers of DNA are polydeoxyribonucleotides. There are helds together by H-bond. There are three
H-bonds between guanine and cytosine (G  C) and two between adenine and thymine (A  T).
23. B-complex is often prescribed vitamin. What is complex about it and what is its usefulness?
Sol. It is a group of vitamins which contains vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and nicotinic
acid. Since it is not a single vitamin, therefore it is called vitamin B-complex. It is required to release energy
from food and promote healthy skin and muscles. Its deficiency causes beri-beri (B1) and pericious anaemia
(B12).
Long Answer Type Questions :
24. Glucose and fructose give the same osazone? Explain.
Sol. During osazone formation reaction occur only at C1 and C2 while rest of the molecule remains intact. Since
glucose and fructose differ from each other only in arrangement of atoms at C1 and C2, therefore they give
same osazone.
CHO CH = NNHC6H5
3 C6H5NHNH2
CH – OH C = N – NH – C6H5
–C6H5NH2
(CHOH)3 –NH3 (CHOH)3
–2H2O
CH2OH CH2OH
(Glucose) (Glucosazone)
CH2 – OH CH = N – NH – C6H5
3 C6H5NH – NH2
C=O C = N – NH – C6H5
–C6H5NH2
(CHOH)3 –NH3 (CH – OH)3
–2H2O
CH2OH CH2 – OH
(Fructose) (Fructosazone)
25. Despite having an aldehyde group glucose does not give 2, 4-DNP test. What does this indicate? What is the
significance of D and (+) in -D-(+) Glucopyranose.
Sol. Glucose does not have open structure and hence it does not have a free –CHO group. Actually –CHO group
combines with C5 –OH to form an hemiacetal. Thus glucose largely exists in cyclic hemiacetal form along with
a very small amount (< 0.5 %) of the open chain structure. Since the concentration of open chain form is low
and its reaction with 2, 4-DNP is reversible, therefore formation of 2,4-DNP derivative can not disturb the
equilibrium to generate more of the open chain form from the cyclic hemiacetal form and hence it does not
react with 2, 4-DNP. The capital letter D in D-(+)-Glucopyranose indicates that the C-5 –OH group is oriented
towards right, while the sign (+) shows that glucopyranose is dextrorotatory.
26. In E.coli DNA, the (A + T)/(G + C) ratio is 0.93 if number of moles of adenine in DNA sample is 465,000 then
calculate number of moles of guanine present.
Sol. Since number of moles of ademine must be equal to that of thymine, therefore
(A + T) = 465000 + 465000 = 930000
(A  T)
Since  0.93
(G  C)
930000
Therefore number of moles of C  G  = 10,00,000
0.93
Further number of moles of C = number of moles of G
1000000
Therefore number of moles of guanine (G)  = 500000
2
SECTION - B
Model Test Paper
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1. Name the enzyme present in human saliva?
Sol. Amylase
2. Deficiency of which vitamin causes scurvy?
Sol. Vitamin C
3. Deficiency of which vitamin causes beri-beri and pain in joints?
Sol. Vitamin B1
4. Name one reducing and non reducing sugar each.
Sol. Reducing sugar - Maltose
Non-reducing - Sucrose
5. Which polysaccharide is stored in liver of animal?
Sol. Glycogen
6. Name on fibrous and one globular protein each.
Sol. Fibrous - Keratin
Globular - Haemoglobin
7. Give one example of denaturated protein.
Sol. Boiled egg
8. Name the nucleic acid which has double helix structure.
Sol. D.N.A.
9. What is the secondary structure of protein?
Sol. Secondary structure is the conformation which a polypeptide chain assumes as a result of H-bonding.
10. What is a polypeptide? Give one example.
Sol. Polypeptides are formed when several molecules of a-amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds.
e.g., Insulin.
11. What is Mutarotation?
Sol. The spontaneous change of specific rotation of an optically active substance with time is called mutarotation.
12. What are zwitter ion?
Sol. Zwitter ions are dipolar ion formed by neutralization of acidic and basic groups present within the molecule.
13. What is importance of amino acid to us?
Sol. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins which are essential for growth and maintenance of life.
14. What are different types of RNA found in cell?
Sol. m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA
15. What are polysaccharides? Give one example.
Sol. polysaccharides are those carbohydrate which on hydrolysis give a large number of molecules of
monosaccharides. e.g., Starch.
16. What is peptide bond?
Sol. The covalent bond NH – CO formed between –NH2 group of one amino acid and –COOH group of the other
with the elimination of a molecule of water is called peptide bond or peptide linkage. Amino acids are joined
together, by peptide bonds.
17. What is isoelectric point?
Sol. The pH at which there is no net migration of the amino acid under the influence of an applied electric field is
called isoelectric point. For example isoelectric point of glycine is 6.1.
18. What is hypervitaminoses and avitaminoses?
Sol. Excess intake of vitamins A and D causes hypervitaminoses while multiple deficiency caused by lack of more
than one vitamin is called avitaminoses.
19. What forces are responsible for stability of -helix?
Sol. -Helix structure of DNA is stabilized by intramolecular H-bonding between N – H of one amino acid residue
and C = O of the fourth amino acid residue in the polypeptide chain.
20. What do you mean by essential amino acids?
Sol. Amino acids which the body can not synthesize but are required for growth and maintenance of the life are
called essential amino acids. For example phenylalanine, valine, etc.
Long Answer Type Questions :
21. An optically active compound having molecular formula C6H12O6 exists in two cyclic forms A and B. When
A and B are dissolved in water they show following equilibrium
A Equilibrium mixture B
()D = 111º 52.2º 19.2º
What are such isomer called?
Sol. The optically active compound having molecular formulae C6H12O6 is called glucose. It exists in two
stereoisomeric forms A and B. These two isomers which differ in configuration only at the anomeric (first) carbon
are called anomers.
H C O
H C OH HO C H
H C OH
H C OH H C OH
HO C H O
O
HO C H
HO C H H C OH
H C OH
H C OH H C OH
H C H C
CH2OH
CH2OH CH2OH
Open chain
-D-(+)-Glucose -D-(+)-Glucose
-forms is less stable than -form therefore equilibrium mixture cartains 36% of -form [()D = 111º] and 64%
of B-form [()D = 19.2º]
22. Explain mutation.
Sol. Mutation : A mutation may be defined as a chemical change in the sequence of nitrogenous bases along the
DNA strands that can lead to the synthesis of protein with altered amino acid sequence. These changes may
either occur spontaneously or may be caused by exposure to X-ray or UV radiation, chemical agents viruses.
Most of the changes in DNA molecules are automatically repaired by special enzymes present in the cell.
However if changes can not be repaired by enzymes. Mutations are said to occur. As a result of mutation,
proteins with altered amino acid sequences will be obtained which may not have any biological acitivty leading
to the death of cell.

Solutions (Set-2)
Objective Type Questions
(Carbohydrates)
1. Which of the following is a reducing sugar?
(1) Glycogen (2) Maltose (3) Sucrose (4) Starch
Sol. Answer (2)
The maltose is a reducing sugar.
CH2OH
H OH H O H
H
Hemiacetal linkage
OH H O OH H
OH OH This makes a molecule
reducing
H OH H OH
2. Glucose reacts with HNO3 to form

(1) Gluconic acid (2) Saccharic acid (3) Sulphuric acid (4) Glyconic acid
Sol. Answer (2)
CHO COOH
H OH H OH
HO H HNO3 HO H
H OH H OH
H OH H OH
CH2OH COOH
(Saccharic acid)
3. Carbohydrate is a condensation polymer of

(1) Amino acid (2) Nucleotides (3) Styrene (4) Simple sugars
Sol. Answer (4)
Carbohydrate is a condensation polymer of simple sugars.
4. On reaction with red P + HI, glucose forms

(1) n-pentane (2) n-butane (3) n-hexane (4) n-heptane
Sol. Answer (3)
CHO
H OH
HO H Red P + HI
H OH n-Hexane
H OH
CH2OH
5. Which of the following carbohydrate cannot be digested by human body?

(1) Starch (2) Cellulose (3) Glycogen (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Cellulose cannot be digested by human body. Which contains -glycosidic linkage but our body has an enzyme
to cut only -glycosidic linkage.
6. Rice is deficient in
(1) Lysine (2) Leucine (3) Glycine (4) Alanine
Sol. Answer (1)
Rice does not have lysine.
7. In which form carbohydrate is stored inside the human body?

(1) Cellulose (2) Sucrose (3) Maltose (4) Glycogen
Sol. Answer (4)
Carbohydrates  Glycogen
(Stored in human body)
8. –D (+) Glucose and -D(+) Glucose are

(1) Anomers (2) Epimers (3) Enantiomers (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
–D (+) &  – D (+) glucose are called anomers.
9. Which of the following disaccharide consists only of glucose unit?

(1) Sucrose (2) Maltose
(3) Lactose (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Maltose contains two glucose units linked together by –14 glycosidic linkage.
10. Which of the following disaccharide in acidic medium is called invert sugar?
(1) Lactose (2) Maltose
(3) Sucrose (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Sucrose is called invert sugar in acidic medium .
11. Which of the following component in starch is water insoluble?

(1) Amylose (2) Glycogen
(3) Amylopectin (4) Cellulose
Sol. Answer (3)
Starch
Amylose Amylopectin
(water insoluble)
12. Which of the following carbohydrate is known as animal starch?

(1) Cellulose (2) Amylose
(3) Glycogen (4) Maltose
Sol. Answer (3)
Glycogen is called animal starch.
13. Glucose when reacted with acetic anhydride forms
(1) Diacetate (2) Hexa-acetate (3) Pentacetate (4) Tetra-acetate
Sol. Answer (3)
CHO CHO
O O
H OH H OAC
HO H ACO H
H OH + 5 CH3 O CH3 H OAC
H OH H OAC
CH2OH CH2OAC
"penta derivative"
14. The best solvent for removing butter stain from cloth is
(1) CHCl3 (2) C2H5OH (3) C2H5OC2H5 (4) H2O
Sol. Answer (3)
O can be used to remove butter strain from clothes.
15. The most common disaccharide has molecular formula

(1) C12H22O11 (2) C10H20O10
(3) C10H18O9 (4) C10H32O11
Sol. Answer (1)
C12H22O11 represents sucrose
CH2OH
H O H HOCH2 O H
H
OH H
OH O H HO CH2OH
H OH
Glycosidic OH H
linkage
16. Mutarotation is not seen in

(1) Sucrose (2) D-Glucose
(3) L-Glucose (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Glycosydic linkage binds C-1 of glucose and C-2 of fructose.
17. Mutarotation in aqueous solution is shown by

(1) Glycogen (2) Sucrose
(3) Cellulose (4) Maltose
Sol. Answer (4)
Maltose shows mutarotation in aqueous solution.
18. Branched chain structure is shown by

(1) Amylopectin (2) Cellulose
(3) Amylose (4) Nylon
Sol. Answer (1)
Amylopectin has branched chain polymeric structure.
19. The two cyclic hemiacetal forms of glucose differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at C-1 are
called
(1) Anomers (2) Enantiomers
(3) Epimers (4) Metamers
Sol. Answer (1)
CH2OH CH2OH
H OH H O OH
H H
OH H OH H
OH OH OH H
H OH H OH
-D glucose -D glucose
Anomers
20. Glucose reacts with HCN to give

(1) Saccharic acid (2) Cyanohydrin
(3) n-hexane (4) Gluconic
Sol. Answer (2)
Glucose + HCN  Cynohydrin
21. Cellulose is soluble in

(1) Water (2) Organic solvents
(3) Ammonical cupric hydroxide solution (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Cellose + Ammonical cupric hydroxide solution  Soluble
22. Glucose does not react with

(1) NH2OH (2) C6H5NHNH2 (3) NaHSO3 (4) HCN
Sol. Answer (3)
Glucose + NaHSO3  No Reaction
23. Cane sugar on hydrolysis gives

(1) Fructose + Glucose (2) Fructose + Fructose
(3) Glucose + Glucose (4) Glucose + Lactose
Sol. Answer (1)
+
H3O
Cane sugar glucose + fructose
24. Which is correct statement?

(1) Starch is polymer of -glucose
(2) Amylose is a component of cellulose
(3) Proteins are composed of only one type of amino acids
(4) In cyclic structure of furanose, there are five carbons and one oxygen atom
Sol. Answer (1)
Starch is a polymer of -glucose.
(Proteins and Enzymes)
25. Glycosidic linkage is present in
(1) Proteins (2) Lipids (3) Carbohydrates (4) Nucleic acids
Sol. Answer (3)
Glycosidic linkage is present in carbohydrates.
26. Antibodies are

(1) Carbohydrates (2) Proteins (3) Lipids (4) Enzymes
Sol. Answer (2)
Proteins are antibodies not carbohydrates.
27. Tertiary structures of proteins is given as

(1) -helix (2) Fibrous (3) -pleated (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Tertiary structure of proteins  Fibrous
28. The helical structure of proteins is stabilised by

(1) Peptide bonds (2) Hydrogen bonds (3) Dipeptide bonds (4) van der Waals’ forces
Sol. Answer (2)
Hydrogen bonding stabilises the helical structure of protein.
29. Albumin is a type of

(1) Fibrous protein (2) Globular protein (3) Lipid (4) Carbohydrate
Sol. Answer (2)
Albumin is type of globular protein.
30. Correct order of gross calorific value is

(1) Carbohydrates > Fats > Porteins (2) Fats > Carbohydrates > Proteins
(3) Proteins > Carbohydrates > Fats (4) Fats > Proteins > Carbohydrates
Sol. Answer (4)
The order of calorific value is
Fats > Proteins > Carbohydrates
31. Keratin in skin, hair, nails and wool is a

(1) Fibrous protein (2) Carbohydrate
(3) Glubular protein (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Keretin is fibrous protein.
32. Which types of proteins undergo denaturation?

(1) -helix type (2) Globular
(3) -pleated types (4) Fibrous
Sol. Answer (2)
Globular protein causes denaturation.
33. Enzymes in the living systems

(1) Provide energy (2) Provide immunity
(3) Transport oxygen (4) Catalyze biological reactions
Sol. Answer (4)
Enzymes basically catalyse biological reaction.
(Vitamins)
34. Deficiency of which of the vitamin causes rickets?
(1) Vitamin-D (2) Vitamin-C (3) Vitamin-B12 (4) Vitamin-E
Sol. Answer (1)
Vitamin-D causes rickets.
35. Which of the following is water soluble vitamin?

(1) Vitamin-C (2) Vitamin-D (3) Vitamin-A (4) Vitamin-K
Sol. Answer (1)
Vitamin-C is water soluble.
36. Co is present in which of the following vitamin?

(1) Vitamin-A (2) Vitamin-C (3) Vitamin-B12 (4) Vitamin-D
Sol. Answer (3)
Vitamin-B12 contains Co as central metal ion.
(Nucleic Acid)
37. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
(1) Asparagine (2) Glutamine
(3) Histidine (4) Alanine
Sol. Answer (3)
Histidine is essential amino acid.
38. Which of the following amino acid is optically inactive?

(1) Lysine (2) Glutamine
(3) Serine (4) Glycine
Sol. Answer (4)
Glycine is optically inactive.
–
COO COOH
CH2 or CH2
+
NH3 NH2
39. Which of the following is basic amino acid?

(1) Lysine (2) Valine
(3) Aspartic acid (4) Glycine
Sol. Answer (1)
Lysine contains one extra – NH2 group. So, it is basic amino acid.
40. Complementary bases present in DNA are
(1) Uracil & Adenine : Cytosine & Guanine (2) Thymine & Adenine : Guanine & Cytosine
(3) Adenine & Thymine : Guanine & Uracil (4) Adenine & Guanine : Thymine & Cytosine
Sol. Answer (2)
In DNA,
A=T
C  G {Complementary bases}
41. Choose the correct statement about isoelectric point

(1) If pH > isoelectric point amino acid will move towards cathode
(2) At this point amino acid is present in the form of Zwitter ion
(3) If pH < isoelectric point, amino acid will move towards anode
(4) At this point amino acids are basic in nature
Sol. Answer (2)
At isoelectric point, the concentration of zwitter ion is maximum.
42. Amino acids are known to be building blocks of

(1) Proteins (2) Nucleic acids
(3) Carbohydrates (4) Vitamins
Sol. Answer (1)
Amino acids combines to form proteins.
43. Nucleotides contain

(1) A phosphoric acid group (2) A nitrogenous base
(3) A pentose sugar (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Nucleotide contains: (1) A phosphoric acid group
(2) A nitrogenous base
(3) A pentose sugar
44. DNA-directed synthesis of proteins occurs through

(1) Transcription (2) Translation
(3) Transformation (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (4)
DNA directed protein synthesis follows two steps:
(1) Transcription
(2) Translation
45. The relation between nucleotide triplets and the amino acids is called as
(1) Gene (2) Nucleoside
(3) Genetic code (4) Gene pool
Sol. Answer (3)
The relation between nucleotide triplets and the amino acid is called genetic code.
(Miscellaneous)
46. The acid which shows salt-like character in aqueous solution is
(1) Acetic acid (2) -aminoethanoic acid (3) Benzoic acid (4) Formic acid
Sol. Answer (2)
- Amino ethanoic acid
O O
–
CH2 – C – OH CH2 – C – O
NH2 +NH3 (Zwitter ion)
47. The number of amino acids required to form three peptide bonds are
(1) Seven (2) Two (3) Six (4) Four
Sol. Answer (4)
For tripeptide formation, four aminoacids are required.
O
Peptide linkase ( – C – NH –)
AA AA AA AA
(1) (2) (3) (4)
48. Glucose does not give

(1) Schiff’s test
(2) Hydrogensulphite addition product with NaHSO3
(3) 2, 4 DNP test
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Glucose does not give  2, 4 DNP test
 Schiff's test
 Hydrosulphite addition pdt.
49. In the double helix structure of DNA, the base pairs are
(1) Part of the backbone structure (2) Inside the helix
(3) Outside the helix (4) Bonded with covalent bond
Sol. Answer (2)
In double helix of DNA, the base pairing occurs inside the helix.
50. Which of the following is not an amino acid?

(1) Glycine (2) Alanine (3) Histidine (4) Benzidine
Sol. Answer (4)
Benzindine is not an amino acid.


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Level - I

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. What are the two end products of cellular respiration?

Sol. CO2 and H2O.

2. Are proteins natural or synthetic polymers?

Sol. Natural polymers.

3. Which group in phospholipid is lyophilic?

Sol. Phosphate group.

4. Name the two carbohydrates which act as biofuels.

Sol. Starch and glycogen.

5. How many amino acids occur in almost all protein?

6. What are the constituents of starch?

Sol. Amylose and amylopectin.

7. Name a polypeptide hormone which maintains glucose level in blood.

9. Name the purines present in DNA.

Sol. Adenine and guanine.

Sol. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Short Answer Type Questions :

11. What are tetrasaccharides? Give one example.

12. How do amino acids form proteins?

13. What is importance of amino acids for us?

14. What type of bonding occurs in Globular proteins?

15. What is invert sugar?

16. What causes disease sickle cell anaemia?

17. What is the enzyme present in saliva? What is its function?

18. Define mutation.

20. What are enzymes?

21. What are reducing sugar?

Long Answer Type Questions :

24. Glucose and fructose give the same osazone? Explain.

(A + T) = 465000 + 465000 = 930000

Further number of moles of C = number of moles of G

1. Name the enzyme present in human saliva?

2. Deficiency of which vitamin causes scurvy?

3. Deficiency of which vitamin causes beri-beri and pain in joints?

4. Name one reducing and non reducing sugar each.

Sol. Reducing sugar - Maltose

5. Which polysaccharide is stored in liver of animal?

6. Name on fibrous and one globular protein each.

Sol. Fibrous - Keratin

7. Give one example of denaturated protein.

Sol. Boiled egg

8. Name the nucleic acid which has double helix structure.

9. What is the secondary structure of protein?

10. What is a polypeptide? Give one example.

11. What is Mutarotation?

12. What are zwitter ion?

13. What is importance of amino acid to us?

14. What are different types of RNA found in cell?

Sol. m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA

15. What are polysaccharides? Give one example.

Short Answer Type Questions :

16. What is peptide bond?

17. What is isoelectric point?

18. What is hypervitaminoses and avitaminoses?

19. What forces are responsible for stability of -helix?

20. What do you mean by essential amino acids?

Long Answer Type Questions :

What are such isomer called?

22. Explain mutation.

2. Glucose reacts with HNO3 to form

3. Carbohydrate is a condensation polymer of

4. On reaction with red P + HI, glucose forms

5. Which of the following carbohydrate cannot be digested by human body?