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5.1 Introduction
• Beams - structural members supporting loads at various points along the member
• Applied loads result in internal forces consisting of a shear force (from the shear stress
distribution) and a bending couple (from the normal stress distribution).
• For example, a simply supported beam AB carrying two concentrated load and a
uniformly distributed load, Figure (a).
• To determine the internal forces in a section through point C we first draw the free-
body diagram of the entire beam to obtain the reactions at the supports, Figure (b).
• Passing a section through C, we then draw the free body diagram of AC, Figure (c), from
which we determine the shear force V and the bending couple M.
reactions
Normal stress is often the critical design criteria requires determination of the location
and magnitude of largest bending moment:
My Mc M
x m
I I S
Where,
I = moment of inertia of the cross section with respect to a centroidal axis perpendicular
to the plane of the couple
y = the distance from the neutral surface
c = the maximum value of the distance
1
S = 6 𝑏ℎ2 where b is the width and h is the depth of the cross section
3. Begin the analysis by defining reactions at A and B using FBD, one writes the
equations of equilibrium.
4. Next, construct the shear diagram
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