Engineering Tables and Data

First published 1972

by Chapman and Hall Ltd
11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE
© 1972 A. M. Howatson, P. G. Lund, J. D. Todd
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1972
William Clowes & Sons Ltd, London, Colchester and Beccles
ISBN 978-0-412-11550-9 ISBN 978-94-010-9314-9 (eBook)
DOl 10.1007/978-94-010-9314-9

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Engineering Tables and Data

A. M. HOWATSON
P. G. LUND
1. D. TODD
Department of Engineering Science,
University of Oxford

1972
CHAPMAN AND HALL
Preface
This book brings together information which is used by engineers, and needed especially by students of
engineering, but difficult to find in a collected form. In this respect engineering, perhaps because it is more
often divided into separate branches, has so far been less well served than the other physical sciences; we
hope to have in part redressed the balance. The contents are designed chiefly for engineering students of all
kinds in universities and colleges, but they should also prove useful to practising engineers as a general
reference.
There was some difficulty in choosing numerical values for parts of the section Properties of Matter.
Information was culled from a range of sources which sometimes show an alarming lack of consistency.
Given a choice, we have used values which are either average or more likely to be reliable. The degree of
tolerance required varies very widely between, for example, the precision to which thermodynamic proper-
ties of steam are known and the uncertainty in those mechanical properties of solids which depend strongly
on quality and preparation.
The tables on pages 4-12 inclusive are reproduced from S.M.P. Advanced Tables by permission of
Cambridge University Press.
The tables on pages 35 and 36 are reproduced from Elementary Statistical Tables: lindley and Miller,
h./ permission of Cambridge University Press.
The tables on pages 37 and 38 are reproduced by permission of the Biometrika Trustees.
The tables on pages 66 and 67, the upper table on page 68 and the thermochemical data on pages 69-71
. dusive are reproduced from Thennodynamic Tables: Haywood by permission of Cambridge University
:ss.
I'he chart on page 75 is reproduced from Engineering Thennodynamics Work and Heat Transfer: Rogers
and Mayhew, by permission of Longman.
Tables 1-3 on pages 76-85 inclusive and the charts on pages 104 and 105 are reproduced from Elements
of Gasdynamics: liepmann and Roshko, by permission of John Wiley.
Tables 4 and 5 on pages 85 to 103 inclusive are reproduced from Introduction to Gas Dynamics: Rotty,
by permission of John Wiley.
The chart on page 106 and the table on page 107 are based on a corresponding diagram and table in
Fluid Mechanics: Pao, by agreement with John Wiley.
The table on page 112 is reproduced from Linear Structural Analysis: Morice, by permission of Thames
and Hudson.
The charts on page 121 are reproduced from Moment Distribution: lightfoot, by permission of E. &
F. N. Spon.
The tables on pages 123-143 inclusive are reproduced from the Handbook on Structural Steelwork, by
permission of the British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd., and the Constructional Steelwork
Research and Development Organization.
The graphs on pages 147-149 inclusive are reproduced from Vibration Theory and Applications:
Thomson, by permission of George Allen & Unwin and Prentice-Hall Inc.
The chart on page 154 is reproduced from Transmission and Propagation: Glazier and Lamont, by
permission of the Controller of copyright, H.M.S.O.
The properties of water and steam tabulated on pages 48-65 inclusive are based on u.K. Steam Tables in
S.I. Units published by Edward Arnold.
We are grateful to these publishers and authors for their collaboration and to our colleagues at Oxford
who helped with advice and information. Our thanks are also due to Mr Jerome Davidson, who carried out
the computation needed for certain tables. Inevitably, some mistakes will have escaped notice during
preparation and checking; we should be grateful to hear of any which may be found.
A.M.B.
P.G.L.
Oxford 1972. J.D.T.
Contents

Preface page iv

General The wave equation page 23

The Greek alphabet 1 Poisson's equation 23
SI units Vector analysis 23
Other metric units 2 General vector identities 24
Multiples and submultiples 2 Gauss's divergence theorem 24
Conversion factors 3 Stokes's theorem 24
Matrices 24
Mathematics Matrix representation of vectors
Rotation of axes
24
25
Logari thms, base 10 4 Properties of plane curves and figures 25
Natural sines, natural cosines 5
Pappus's theorems 25
Natural tangents, natural cotangents 6
Conic sections 25
Degrees to radians, etc. 7
Other curves 26
Logarithms of factorials 7
Areas, centroids and second moments of area 27
Circular functions 8 Moments of inertia, etc., of rigid bodies 30
Exponential functions 9
Numerical analysis 33
Constants 13
Solution of algebraic equation/ex) = 0 33
Binomial coefficients 13
Approximations to derivatives 33
Series 14
Numerical integration by equal intervals h 33
Fourier series for certain waveforms 15
Everett's interp.olation formula 33
Trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential functions 16
Smoothing 33
Trigonometric relations 16
Gaussian integration 33
Hyperbolic relations 16
Integration of ordinary differential equations 33
Differentials 17
Runge-Kutta 33
Indefinite integrals 17 Adams-Bash/orth 33
Definite integrals 18
Statistics 34
Fourier transform 19 Distributions 34
Convolution theorem for Fourier transforms 20 The normal distribution function 35
Fourier transforms of various functions 20 Percentage points of the normal distribution 36
Laplace transform 20 Percentage points of the t-distribution 37
Convolution theorem for Laplace transforms 20 38
Percentage points of the X2-distribution
Laplace transforms of various functions 20
Complex variable 21
Cauchy-Riemann relations 21
Cauchy's theorem 21
Cauchy'S integral 21 Properties of matter
Residue theorem 21 Physical constants 39
The Nyquist Criterion 21 The periodic table 39
Algebraic equations 21 Atomic properties of the elements 40
The Routh-Hurwitz criterion 22 Physical properties of solids 41
Simultaneous linear equations 22 Mechanical properties of solids 43
Differential equations 22 Work functions 44
Bessel's equation 22 Properties of semiconductors 44
Legendre's equation 22 Properties of ferromagnetic materials 45
Laguerre's equation 22 Superconducting materials 46
Chebyshev polynomials 23 Properties of liqUids 46
Mathieu's equation 23 Thermodynamic properties of fluids 47
Riccati's equation 23 Saturated water and steam, to 100°C 48
Cauchy's equation 23 Saturated water and steam, to 221 bar 50
vi CONTENTS

Superheated steam, to 220 bar and 800°C page 60 Table 5. Rayleigh line-ooe-dimensional,
Supercritical steam, to 1000 bar and 800°C 65 frictionless, constant-area flow with stagnation
Saturated water and steam 66 temperature change for a perfect gas page 94
Arrunonia-NH 3 67 Oblique shocks: shock-wave angle versus flow-
Dichlorofluoromethane (Freon-12), CF 2 Q 2 67 deflection angle 104
Carbon dioxide, CO 2 67 Oblique shocks: pressure ratio and downstream
Air at atmospheric pressure 68 Mach number 105
International Standard Atmosphere 68 Coefficient offriction for pipes 106
Properties of gases 69 Coefficients ofloss for pipe fittings 106
Thermochemical data for equilibrium reactions 69 Boundary-layer friction and drag 107
Stoichiometric equations 69 Open-channel flow 107
Standard enthalpy of reaction 69
Equilibrium constants 70 Elasticity and structures
Standard free enthalpy of reaction 71 Two-dimensional stress and strain 108
Rectangular coordinates 108
Relations between strains and small
displacements 108
Thermodynamics and Transformation of strain 108
Principal strains 108
fluid mechanics Compatibility of strains 108
Thermodynamic relations 72 Transformation of stress 108
Basic relations 72 Principal stress 108
Maxwell's'relations 72 Equilibrium equations 108
Specific heats 72 Boundary conditions 108
Ceefficients 72 Hooke's Law 108
Equations of state 72 Plane stress 108
Process relations 72 Plane strain 108
Reversible polytropic 72 Stress function: gravitational force 109
Reversible isothermal 72 Polar coordinates 109
Steady flow 72 Relations between strains and small
Nozzle flow 73 displacements 109
Equations for fluid flow 73 Equilibrium equations 109
Continuity 73 Stress function: body forces zero 109
Momentum 73 Thick cylinder under uniform pressure 109
~~ TI Rotating discs and cylinders 109
The Navier-Stokes equations 73 Three-dimensional stress and strain 109
Stream function and velocity potential 74 Rectangular coordinates 109
Dimensionless groups 74 Relations between strains and small
General 74 displacements 109
Hydraulic machines 74 Transformation of strain 109
Convective heat transfer: empirical formulae 75 Compatibility of strains 110
Natural convection 75 Principal stress 110
Forced convection 75 Equilibrium equations 110
Black-body radiation 75 Boundary conditions 110
Generalized compressibility chart 75 Hooke's Law and relations between constants 110
Tables for compressible flow of a perfect gas 75 Cylindrical coordinates 110
Table 1. Flow parameters versus M for subsonic Relations between strains and small
isentropic flow 76 displacements 110
Table 2. Flow parameters versus M for supersonic Spherical coordinates 110
isentropic flow 77 Relaticns between strains and small
Table 3. Parameters for shock flow 82 displacements 110
Table 4. Fanno line-one-dimensional, adiabatic, Bending oflaterally loaded plates 110
constant-area flow of a perfect gas 85 Circular plates 111
CONTENTS vii

Torsion page III Kinematics page 144

Yield criteria 111 Rectangular coordinates 144
Von Mises 111 Normal and tangential components 144
Tresca III Cylindrical coordinates 144
Beams and structural members 111 Spherical polar coordinates 144
Bending of straight beams of asymmetrical section 111 Motion referred to a moving coordinate system 145
Winkler theory for curved beams III Dynamics 145
Deflection of beams 111 Newton's Laws 145
Flexibility coefficients due to bending 112 Particle dynamics 145
Product in tegrals 112 Impulse and momentum 145
Flexibility matrix: one-dimensional member 113 Moment of momentum 145
Stiffness matrix: one-dimensional member 114 Conservation of momentum 145
Slope-deflection equation for uniform section 115 Work and energy 145
Woment distribution: stiffness and carry-over for Potential energy 145
uniform section 115 Conservation of energy 145
Fixed end moments 115 Central force motion 145
General case 115 Kepler's Laws 145
Uniformly distributed load 115 Inverse-square-lawattraction 146
Concentrated load 115 Rigid-body dynamics 146
Elastic centre and column anafogy 115 Moment of momentum about mass centre 146
Stability 115 General equations of motion 146
Euler critical loads 115 Euler's equations 146
Energy methods 115 Kinetic energy 146
Stability functions for uniform sections 116 Matrix notation for dynamics 146
Axial compression 116 Motion refe"ed to moving coordinate system 146
Axial tension 118 Moment of momentum about mass centre 146
Fixed-end moments 122 General equations of motion 146
Dimensions and properties of British Standard Kinetic energy 146
sections to B.SA. 122 Gyroscopic motion 146
Universal beams: dimensions and properties 123 Lagrange's equations 146
Universal beams: plastic moduli-major and minor Euler's differential equation 146
axes 125 Hamil ton's Principle 146
Universal columns: dimensions and properties 127 Vibrations 147
Universal columns: plastic moduli-major and Free vibration with viscous damping 147
minor axes 128 Steady-state vibration with viscous damping 147
Joists: dimensions and properties 129 Rotating unbalance 148
Joists: plastic moduli-major and minor axes 129 Displacement excitation 148
Channels: dimensions and properties 130 Vibration of beams of uniform section with
Equal angles: dimensions and properties 131 uniformly distributed load 149
Unequal angles: dimensions and properties 134
T-bars: dimensions and properties 138
Long-stalk T-bars: dimensions and properties 139 Electricity
Structural tees, cut from universal beams: Electromagnetism 150
dimensions and properties 140 Maxwell's equations 150
Structural tees, cut from universal columns: Potential function 150
dimensions and properties 142 Boundary conditions 150
Linear passive circuits 150
Star-delta and delta-star transformation 151
Mechanics Self-inductance of two coils 151
Statics 144 Reciprocity theorem 151
Laws of Coulomb friction 144 Resonance, Q-factor and bandwidth 151
Belt friction 144 Series resonant circuit 151
The funicular curve 144 Parallel resonant circuit 151
viii CONTENTS

Resistor and capacitor values page 151 Common-base arrangements page 160
Resistors 151 Common-emitter arrangements 161
Preferred values 152 Common-collector arrangements 162
Capacitors 152 Field-effect transistors 163
Power in a.c. circuits 152 Insulated-gate field-effect transistors; metal-
Power measurement in three-phase circuits 152 oxide semiconductor transistors 163
Symmetrical components 152 Low-frequency equivalent circuits 163
Two-port or four-terminal networks 152 Higher frequencies 163
Transmission lines 153 Electrical machines 163
Attenuation, wavelength, and phase velocity 153 D.C. machines 163
The Smith Chart 153 A. C. machines 163
Rectangular waveguides 154 Transformers 163
Resonant cavities 156 Synchronous machines 164
Radiation and aerials 156 Asynchronous or induction motor 164
Non-isotropic radiators 157 Solid-state electronic properties 165
Poles and zeros 157 Free electrons 165
Linear active circuits 158 Semiconductors 165
Superposition principle 158 Dielectrics 165
Thevenin's theorem and equivalent circuit 158
Norton's theorem and equivalent circuit 158
Maximum power transfer from source to load 158 Miscellaneous
Small-signal equivalent circuits for valves 158 Gauges for wire and sheet metal 166
Transistor equivalent circuits 159 I.S.O. (metric) sizes 166
Hybrid parameters 159 Standard wire gauge 166
Conventions 159 Standard screw threads 167
Relationships between h-parameters for different I.S.O. metric 167
connections 159 Unified 167
r-parameters and T equivalent circuit 159 Whitworth 167
Values of r-parameters in terms of h-parameters 159 British Association (B.A.) 167
Voltage and current gains, input and output
resistances for transistors with external
resistances 160 References 168