Obstacle Avoidance Robot

Project Guide
Mam Sadia

Overview
An Obstacle Avoiding Robot is an intelligent robot, which can automatically sense and overcome
obstacles on its path. It contains of a Microcontroller to process the data, and Ultrasonic
Sensor to detect the obstacles on its path.
Obstacle avoidance is one of the most important aspects of mobile robotics. This project also
presents a dynamic steering algorithm which ensures that the robot does not have to stop in
front of an obstacle which allows robot to navigate smoothly in an unknown environment,
avoiding collisions.

Components and Supplies

 Arduino UNO & Genuino UNO
 SG90 Micro-servo motor
 L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver
 DC Motor
 2WD 3-Layer Robot Chassis Kit(Aluminum)
 9V Battery
 9V Battery Connector
 Jump Wires(generic)

Necessary Tools
 Hot Glue gun(generic)

Apps and Online Services

 Arduino IDE

Working Principle
The obstacle avoidance robotic vehicle uses ultrasonic sensors for its movements. A
microcontroller family
is used to achieve the desired operation. The motors are connected through motor driver IC to
microcontroller. The ultrasonic sensor is attached in front of the robot.
Whenever the robot is going on the desired path the ultrasonic sensor transmits the ultrasonic
waves continuously from its sensor head. Whenever an obstacle comes ahead of it the ultrasonic
waves are reflected back from an object and that information is passed to the microcontroller.
The microcontroller controls the motors left, right, back, front, based on ultrasonic signals. In
order to control the speed of each motor pulse width modulation is used (PWM).

Ultrasonic Sensor
The ultrasonic sensor is used for obstacle detection. Ultrasonic sensor transmits the ultrasonic waves from
its sensor head and again receives the ultrasonic waves reflected from an object. There are many
applications use ultrasonic sensors like instruction alarm systems, automatic door openers etc. The
ultrasonic sensor is very compact and has a very high performance.

Working Principle of Ultrasonic Sensor

The ultrasonic sensor emits the short and high frequency signal. These propagate in the air at the velocity
of sound. If they hit any object, then they reflect back echo signal to the sensor. The ultrasonic sensor
consists of a multi vibrator, fixed to the base. The multi vibrator is combination of a resonator and vibrator.
The resonator delivers ultrasonic wave generated by the vibration. The ultrasonic sensor actually consists
of two parts; the emitter which produces a 40 kHz
sound wave and detector detects 40 kHz sound wave
and sends electrical signal back to the microcontroller.

Influence of Obstacle
avoiding Robot to DLD
Digital Logic Design is foundational to the fields of electrical engineering and computer engineering. Digital
Logic designers build complex electronic components that use both electrical and computational
characteristics. These characteristics may involve power, current, logical function, protocol and user input.
Digital Logic Design is used to develop hardware, such as circuit boards and microchip processors. This
hardware processes user input, system protocol and other data in computers, navigational systems, cell
phones or other high-tech systems. Digital Logic facilitates computing, robotics and other electronic
applications.

Here we are using electric circuits and Ultrasonic Sensor to detect obstacle or any hurdle and give it special
instruction to behave when an obstacle is detected in a certain direction. These instructions are written
in Arduino IDE and then install in Arduino board. Arduino UNO consists of many different chips that
directly depends on Digital Logic Design. It is a navigational system that directly interrelates with DLD. In
shortly, we can say that Obstacle Avoiding Robot is influenced by Digital Logic Design.

Conclusion
We shall build a robotic vehicle which moves in different directions like Forward, Backward, Left, and Right
when input is given to it.

The goal of our project is to create an autonomous robot which intelligently detects the obstacle in his
path and navigate according to the actions that we set for it.