Topic

Health

Name
Jonnathan Rodas

Tutor
Rosie Reinoso

July – 2018

Cuenca-Ecuador
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Contents

1. Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................. 3
2. Dedication ............................................................................................................................. 4
3. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5
4. Chapters..................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1. Healthy food ....................................................................................................................... 6
4.2. Fast food ............................................................................................................................. 7
4.2.1. How fast food and different diseases affect Ecuador ................................................. 8
4.3. Physical activity ............................................................................................................ 9
4.3.1. Global benefits on physical activity according to the World Heath Organzation 10
4.4. Break ........................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.1. The importance of sleep ...................................................................................... 11
4.4.2. How many hours do you have to sleep? .............................................................. 11
4.5. Diseases ....................................................................................................................... 12
4.5.1. Types of diseases ................................................................................................. 12
4.6. Drugs ........................................................................................................................... 13
4.6.1. Why do people use drugs? .................................................................................. 13
4.6.2. Types of drugs ..................................................................................................... 13
Psychoactive drugs may be divided into four categories: ................................................... 13
4.6.3. Effects of the drug on health ............................................................................... 14
4.7. Conclusion................................................................................................................... 15
4.8. References ................................................................................................................... 17

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1. Acknowledgement

I will always be grateful for my mom because She helps me in everything, she advises
me & encourages me for my future, to my brother also because he’s always there for me
although sometimes we fight. I would like to thank my sister since she is there for me
when I need help. I thank my family for they are my world and the best thing in my life.

Finally, I want to acknowledge GET CORPOTRATION for their teachers who always
teach me and are the best people.

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2. Dedication

I want to dedicate my thesis to three people that are the most important in my life: my
mother, my brother and my sister because thanks to them I accomplished this goal.

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3. Introduction

Most people are interested in having a long and happy life, the path of having a healthy
habit goes beyond nutrition. It is true eating fast and junk food are not good for our health,
but what make a difference? Studies show that our personality is also a key factor being
sociable and enjoying time with our friends, all of these are connected to live a long-
expected life But, be wise when choosing your friends because their habits, both healthy
and unhealthy are social contagious. Community problems related to these social habits
include obesity, smoking drinking and even stress so look for friends who like exercising,
sleeping well, and beginning their day in a good mood.
The objective of my work Is to study how we can have a healthy and full life.
There are several benefits of having a healthy life, but the main one is a
Person who is able to perform his abilities at his best in all areas of his life and can become
a valuable person for society, because his body works correctly and can perform their
daily activities without any problem. Mentally, when we are healthier we look more
attractive and feel better about ourselves and that helps us have better social relationships
with others; Therefore, we can carry out a more active life in which we can perform
physical activities.

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4. Chapters

4.1. Healthy food

A food Pyramid indicates which foods we must eat in order have to a better health and it
is divided in six parts:

 Orange (cereals): these are carbohydrates which are used for the body to
reproduce immediate energy and we have to eat seven or eight portions every day,
this It is essential in a good diet (Alvarado, 2016).

 Green( vegetables): they give vitamins such as A, B and C, to keep the defenses
high so, we could have a stronger nervous system
Legumes: these have many hydrates, proteins and fiber (Olimpica, 2016).

 Red ( Fruits): they could heal some diseases

 Cherry and Kiwi:
help with respiratory  Watermelon:
problems Helps with strokes

 Papaya:
 Strawberry: Is good for stomachaches
Reduce Stress
 Pineapple:
 Cranberries: Fights against Cancer
Helps with Infections

 Yellow (fats): there are two types of fats animal fat these are bad if consumed in
excess and vegetable fats they give vitamins A, D and E

 Blue (dairy): It is one of the complete products, it gives a lot of calcium and
prevents anemia and diabetes. (Giacopini, 2010)

 Purple (meats ): fish and dried vegetables are the essential amino acids however
the excess causes health problems (Hacemos vida sana, 2010).

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Recommendation: We must eat our foods slow, also we need to incorporate more fruits,
vegetables, fish and low-fat products (Universidad de España, 2017).

4.2. Fast food

What provokes a person to eat it? Is It good to eat junk food? fast food causes many
diseases and it can be dangerous if every day consumed

Fast food is bad for it instigates memory problems according to an American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition . It shows that eating fast food can cause memory deterioration, hen
eating a diet with a lot of sugar can cause inflammation parts of the brain and deteriorates
the synapse.

What happens if adolescents eat fast food? Adolescents suffer from various hormonal
changes, making them vulnerable to changes in mood and behavior. Healthy diets are
essential to keep hormonal changes in balance, junk food lacks essential nutrients, the
risk of depression increases by 58% if eaten too often.

This type of food lacks essential nutrients such as proteins or vitamins that the body
requires to stay healthy and functional during a certain period of time you can develop
chronic fatigue, bringing your energy levels to such a low level that it can be difficult to
carry out the simplest tasks.

One of the factors that contributes major increase in diabetes cases are unhealthy diets,
junk food produces insulin that is liberated incorrectly which can cause liver damage as
it has the same effects of alcohol by its high trans fats

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The most alarming According to the European Journal of Cancer Prevention post is that
eating junk food increases the possibility of having cancer, and the investigation in Fred
Hutchinson Center for Cancer Research in Seattle says
” men who eat fried foods more than 2 times a month have an increased risk of prostate
cancer.” (universia, 2017).

4.2.1. How fast food and different diseases affect Ecuador

The consume of healthy food in Ecuador is alarming according to “el diario El Tiempo”
6 out of 10 Ecuadorian adults are overweight or obese and Galapagos shows the highest
incidence. In addition, in this last place, the study adds, two of every four schoolchildren,
one of every three adolescents and three of every four adults have these problems.

children with obesity in Ecuador

Obese people Not obese people

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People with obesity in Ecuador

Obese people Not obese people

People with obesity in Azuay

Obese people Not obese people

Obesity is a current problem in Ecuador and we must make people aware of it, because if
not, it can cause dangerous health problems.

4.3. Physical activity

Physical activity is any action which spends body energy such as swimming, running,
walking, practicing yoga, tai chi, including exercising at a gym.
being inactivity causes 6% of deaths registered worldwide. In addition, it is estimated to
be the main cause of approximately 21% -25% of breast and colon cancer, 27%, cases of
diabetes and approximately and 30% of the burden of ischemic heart disease (Wikipedia,
s.f.).

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4.3.1. Global benefits on physical activity according to the World Heath

Organization

 Physical activity improves cardiorespiratory and muscular functions

 The time spent doing physical activity is 60 minutes per day
 The benefits of physical activity lowers death rates from all causes, in some:
coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, colon, breast cancer,
depression, better functioning of cardiorespiratory and muscular systems, and a
better mass and body composition.

4.3.1.1.Physical activity in young people

 Physical activity consists in doing games, sports, traveling, recreational activities,

physical education or programmed exercises, also family, school or community
activities. In order to improve cardiorespiratory and muscular functions.

4.3.1.2.Benefits in young people

Developed a locomotors system, a healthier cardiovascular system and we can learn to

control the neuromuscular system while having a healthy weight Likewise, physical
activity can contribute to social development in young people, giving them the
opportunity to express themselves and fostering self-confidence, social interaction and
integration also It has been suggested that active young people can adapt more easily to
other healthy behaviors, such as avoiding tobacco, alcohol drugs use and have a better
school performance.

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4.3.1.3.Physical activity in people adult

For adults, physical activity consists of leisure or Recreational activities, such as, walking
cycling, games, sports or scheduled exercise also daily, family and community activities
(OMS, 2018).

4.4. Break

4.4.1. The importance of sleep

Most people spend a lot of time in the day stressed by worries, so being able to get a good
rest is quite refreshing and helps improve our quality of life, also we can achieve mental
and emotional well-being.
When we do not get enough sleep, we are at risk to suffer some health problems, the most
common may be stress, which affects a large number of people regardless of age and is
also the cause of serious diseases.
Therefore, it is very important to take into account that a proper sleep accompanied by a
positive attitude is the best way to have a healthy life, to achieve it you should avoid all
those negative thoughts, be relaxed, which allows you to be calmer, thus achieve new
energy to start the day with a new positive attitude day by day.

4.4.2. How many hours do you have to sleep?

The number of hours of sleep is different for every person. While some only need to sleep
between 5 and 6 hours, others need 10 or more. However, it is normal for an adult to sleep
an average of 7 to 8 hours and a half although It is recommended to sleep 7 to 8 hours
A US organization (National Sleep Foundation) published a report, based on the latest
research, which details how many hours you have to sleep according to age. For an adult
between 26 and 64 years, the ideal number of hours of sleep would be between 7 and 9
hours, although the range should be between 6 and 10 hours.

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4.5. Diseases

Disease is defined as an alteration of the physical, mental or social balance of individuals.

All living organisms are exposed to some disease due to numerous pathogens. A noxa is
a factor capable of causing a disease, either by excess, lack or defect within the body. A
disease occurs when the influence of the noxas is not overcomed. If one of the three
aspects (physical, mental and social) suffers an imbalance, it causes a conditioning on the
restand as a result it can cause an illness.

The area of medicine that aims to describe, distinguish and classify the wide variety of
diseases and pathological processes that exist in the environment is called nosology.

4.5.1. Types of diseases

 Contagious Diseases: these are health disorders caused by viruses that can be
passed from a sick person to a healthy one.

 Non-contagious diseases: It is a medical condition or disease that is not caused

by infectious agents. It can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of
time and progress slowly. Sometimes, results can be rapid deaths seen in certain
diseases such as autoimmune diseases, heart diseases, stroke, cancers, diabetes,
chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's, cataracts, and others.
(Clacificacionde, s.f.).

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4.6. Drugs

A drug is any substance taken into the body, that alters the body’s function either
physically or psychologically alcohol, caffeine and tobacco are legal drugs, but cannabis,
ecstasy, cocaine and heroin are illegal

Psychoactive drugs affect the central nervous system and alter a person's mood, thinking
and behavior (Ministerio de Salud, 2016).

4.6.1. Why do people use drugs?

- People use drugs to:

- have fun, relax, forget problems or as a form of escapism.

- Gain confidence and to socialize.

- Out of curiosity.

- Suppress unacceptance.

- Remove personal responsibility for decisions.

- Celebrate.

- Relieve boredom and stress.

- As Self-medication to cope with problems.

- Friends, parents, older brothers and sisters and the media can also have some influence
over a young person's decision to use drugs (Drug aware, 2015)

4.6.2. Types of drugs

Psychoactive drugs may be divided into four categories

 Depressants: Drugs decrease alertness by slowing down the activity of the central
nervous system e.g. heroin, alcohol and analgesics.

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 Stimulants: These drugs that increase the body's state of alertness by increasing
the activity of the brain e.g. caffeine, nicotine and amphetamines.

 Hallucinogens: alter perception and can cause hallucinations, such as seeing or

hearing something that is not there e.g. LSD and 'magic mushrooms'.

 Others: Some drugs fall into this category, as they may have more than one
properties of the categories above e.g. cannabis has depressive, hallucinogenic
and some stimulant properties.

4.6.3. Effects of the drug on health

Drug use can have a wide range of short- and long-term, direct and indirect effects. These
effects often depend on the specific drug or drugs used, how they are taken, how much is
taken on, the person's health, and other factors.

4.6.3.1.Short-term effects

Can range from changes in appetite, wakefulness, heart rate, blood pressure, heart attacks,
stroke, psychosis, overdose, and even death. These health effects may occur after just one
use.

4.6.3.2.Longer-term effects

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Can include heart or lung disease, cancer, mental illness, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and others.
Long-term drug use can also lead to addiction. Drug addiction is a brain disorder. Not
everyone who uses drugs will become addicted, but for some, drug use can change how
certain brain circuit’s work. These brain changes interfere with how people experience
normal pleasures in life such as food and sex, their ability to control their stress level,
their decision-making, their ability to learn and remember, etc. These changes make it
much more difficult for someone to stop taking the drug even when their having negative
effects on their life and they want to quit.

Drug use can also have indirect effects on both the people who are taking drugs and on
those around them. This can include affecting a person’s nutrition, sleep, decision-making
and impulsivity. At and the risk of trauma, violence, injury, and transmit diseases. Drug
use can also affect babies born to women who use drugs while pregnant. Broader negative
outcomes may be seen in education level, employment, housing, relationships, and
criminal justice involvement (Psicologia y mente, 2012).

4.7. Conclusion

Nowadays, the daily diet of children and adolescents has been affected by the availability
of foods that are very attractive to them but have very low nutritional value. These types
of foods are well known as fast food or fatty foods.
Fatty foods are heavy in calories and cholesterol, which is bad for their health. Doctors
say it is surprising how many children suffer from high cholesterol levels nowadays. This
problem can affect the healthy functioning of their arteries. Furthermore, high levels of
cholesterol are a major factor contributing to heart disease and stroke in the future. for

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lower cholesterol levels, they need to include lots of fruit and vegetables in their diet and
encourage them to exercise. Fatty foods are low in nutritional value, which leads to
malnutrition. Replacing a healthy diet of vegetables, fruit and proteins with empty food
like sodas, hamburgers, hot dogs and others causes underweight issues among kids.
Weight loss might affect the immune system and it is considered a risk factor for
osteoporosis when children get older, in addition, it has been found that fatigue, dizziness
and deficit of attention are linked to an unbalanced diet. So, it's important to keep an eye
on how much vitamins and minerals teens and children are consuming in their daily life
and for this reason we must eat healthy foods to have a lot vitamins nutrients and minerals
however, If we want to live, this is not enough we need sleep well, prevent diseases and
perform physical activity and avoid consuming drugs.

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4.8. References

 https://alimentaelfuturo.com/es/2016/03/la-importancia-de-los-cereales-en-la-
dieta-diaria/
 https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A1mide_alimentaria
 http://www.olimpica.com/la-importancia-de-los-vegetales-en-la-alimentacion/
 https://www.miarevista.es/salud/articulo/la-importancia-de-las-legumbres-en-la-
dieta-diaria-251477654469
 https://paraquesirve.info/para-que-sirven-los-lacteos/
 https://www.fundacionbengoa.org/informacion_nutricion/grasas-aceites.asp
 http://www.hacemosvidasana.com/alimentos-carnes-pescados-y-huevos/
 http://noticias.universia.es/portada/noticia/2012/10/30/977957/10-consejos-
alimentacion-saludable.html
 http://noticias.universia.es/cultura/noticia/2015/09/28/1131651/10-
consecuencias-abusar-comida-basura.html
 http://www.eltiempo.com.ec/noticias/ecuador/4/402185/6-de-cada-10-adultos-
ecuatorianos-padecen-sobrepeso-u-obesidad
 https://www.slideshare.net/elazambranodiaz/presentacin-ministerio-de-salud
 https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actividad_f%C3%ADsica
 http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/es/
 http://www.msal.gob.ar/ent/index.php/informacion-para-ciudadanos/actividad-
fisica
 https://www.definicionabc.com/salud/actividad-fisica.php
 http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/es/
 https://mejorconsalud.com/la-importancia-de-descansar/
 https://www.clasificacionde.org/clasificacion-de-las-enfermedades/
 http://hnncbiol.blogspot.com/2008/01/concepto-de-enfermedad.htm
 https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noxa_(salud)
 http://www.eltiempo.com.ec/noticias/cuenca/2/359169/29-9-de-ninos-con-
exceso-de-peso
 http://galeon.com/drogadiccionhelpme/queson.html
 https://psicologiaymente.net/drogas/consecuencias-consumo-drogas

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