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By Tony Mayo
BG 70/2017
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This publication was written by Tony Mayo of Hilson Moran and was
designed and produced by Joanna Smith of BSRIA.
BSRIA would like to thank the following organisations and individuals for
participating in the project:
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Jeremy Smith Power Wise Systems (UK) Ltd.
Steve Walsh Skanska
Sam Grigg SPP Pumps
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BSRIA would also like to thank the following organisations that kindly
provided the photographs or diagrams which have made the illustrated
guide possible:
ABB
AEI Cables
BSI
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E+I Engineering Ltd.
Eland Cables Ltd.
Fire Protection Ltd.
Grundfos Pumps Ltd.
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The guidance given in this publication is correct to the best of BSRIA’s knowledge. However,
BSRIA cannot guarantee that it is free of errors. Material in this publication does not constitute
any warranty, endorsement or guarantee by BSRIA. Risk associated with the use of material from
this publication is assumed entirely by the user.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying,
recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher.
Supply Voltage
The AC voltage definitions utilised within this guide are in accordance
with BS EN 50160[48] and BS 7671[22]:
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Extra High Voltage (EHV) more than 150 kV
Note that BS EN 50160 uses the term Low Voltage for anything below
1 kV and BS 7671 uses the term High Voltage for anything above 1 kV.
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Also, some documents, including BS 8519[29], use the terms Medium
Voltage and High Voltage interchangeably.
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The correct design, specification, installation and testing of life safety and
firefighting installations are fundamental to protecting human life; both for
the building occupants required to evacuate in the event of a fire and for the
firefighters required to enter the building to deal with the incident. These
systems depend on the integrity of their electrical supplies to operate when
required to do so.
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fundamental conflicts between the various standards.
This guide has been prepared by the author to share the knowledge gained
from working in the construction industry for almost 40 years and from
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his involvement with BSI on various related British Standard drafting
committees. It has been compiled to assist those responsible for the design,
installation, commissioning and maintenance of life safety and firefighting
systems that are required to maintain their operation during a fire. These
include sprinkler pumps, wet riser pumps, smoke control systems,
firefighting lifts and escape lifts. The continuous operation of these systems,
enabling the safe evacuation of the occupants and subsequent firefighting
activities, is dependent on the security and integrity of their power supplies.
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The aim was to produce a guide that will have a wide appeal to all those
with an interest in the life safety and firefighting installations within
buildings, including:
• Designers (architects and engineers)
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This guide should also have an international appeal, where British Standards
are recognised, such as in the Middle East and Europe.
Tony Mayo is a Chartered Electrical Engineer and has worked for Hilson
Moran for 18 years, prior to which he worked for 22 years for a large M&E
Contractor, Matthew Hall. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering
and Technology (IET) and the Chartered Institution of Building Services
Engineers (CIBSE). He has been working with organisations such as BSI
(British Standards Institution) and BCO (British Council of Offices) for
close to 20 years.
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION 4
3 SECONDARY SOURCE OF SUPPLY 7
3.1 Life safety generator 7
3.2 Secondary utility supply 8
4 SWITCHGEAR REQUIREMENTS 10
4.1 ATS requirements 10
4.2 Motor control panels 12
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4.3 Variable speed drives 12
5 CABLE DISTRIBUTION
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6 CABLE SELECTION 16
6.1 Cable types 20
6.2 Cable support systems and fixings 22
6.3 Cable joints and junction boxes 28
REFERENCES 78
1 INTRODUCTION
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applications, such as sprinkler and wet riser pumps, firefighting and escape
lifts and smoke control systems, making reference to the appropriate
standards. It identifies some of the key issues that should be considered by
the electrical designer when locating the critical plant in the building and
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when selecting/specifying the appropriate switchgear and generators.
This guide not only refers to current and past standards, but also attempts
to provide an indication of potential future developments of relevant
standards currently under review in the UK and Europe.
A logical format is used for this guide, covering the electrical installation
from the source of supply, through switchgear, generators, automatic
transfer switches (ATSs), and cable distribution to the life safety and
firefighting equipment. Major components of life safety and firefighting
equipment and their power supplies are illustrated in Figure 1, together
with the standards applicable to these components and the sections of this
guide where they are covered. A generic layout is indicated for a non-
specific building. Note that the symbols used in Figure 1 are not the same
as those used in Figures 2 and 3 or 34.
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The cable enclosure should incorporate suitable means to secure the
appropriate cable cleats at the recommended fixing centres. The cable
cleats are required to provide restraint against the electromechanical forces
created under fault conditions.
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The cable cleats selected for installation within the fire-resistant cable
enclosure should be suitable for a minimum operating temperature of
250°C for the fire survival time of 2 hours.
Figure 27: Busbar sample being tested in a fire test furnace (based on BS 8602)
1 2
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>500
Key
1. Firestopping
2. Furnace roof 5. Suspension device
3. Busbar trunking specimen 6. Joint
4. Fire-resistant tap-off unit (if applicable) 7. Furnace wall
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Option 1b: Non-life safety cables installed on one tray and life safety
cables on a separate tray
Note that only the containment for the life safety cables is dealt with here.
The sum of the diameters of the three cables is 108 mm, therefore a 150 mm
cable tray should be used.
W = weight of cables per metre = 10.5 kg/m (summated from Table 14)
Lh = distance between hanger supports = 2 m (from Table 15)
WT = weight of 150 mm cable tray = 1.24 kg/m (from manufacturer’s data)
Wb = weight of bearers per metre = 2.88 kg/m (from Table 15)
Lb = length of bearer = 0.25 m (0.1 m longer than the width of the cable
Wr = weight of drop rods per metre = 0.6 kg/m
h = height of drop rod = 1.5 m
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ςmax = maximum allowable tensile stress = 10 N/mm2
From the information in Table 16 on the previous page, the threaded rod
with a minor diameter greater than 4.0 mm is M5. Therefore the minimum
size of threaded rod required to support the non-life safety and life safety
cables on a common cable tray in the above example under fire conditions
for two hours would be two M5 rods per bearer, with the bearers at 2 metre
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centres.
Worked example 2
This second example is based on the reduced maximum tensile strength of
6 N/mm2 for a fire survival time of 2 hours quoted in BS EN 1366[6]. All
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Option 2a: Non-life safety and life safety cables installed on a single
cable tray
From the information in Table 16 above, the threaded rod with a minor
diameter greater than 13.3 mm is M16. Therefore the minimum size of
threaded rod required to support the non-life safety and life safety cables
on a common cable tray in the above example under fire conditions for
two hours would be two M16 rods per bearer, with the bearers at 2 metre
centres.
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