Software Verification

PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000

REVISION NO.: 8

EXAMPLE 2-006
SHELL – SCORDELIS-LO ROOF WITH STATIC LOADS

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
In this example a single span, cylindrical barrel vault roof is analyzed for gravity
loads. The vertical deflection at the center of the free edge is compared with
published theoretical results. In addition, displacement and bending moment
results along the support and along the central section are compared with
published results.

The geometry, properties and loading are as suggested in MacNeal and Harder
1985. The 3 inch thick roof spans longitudinally 50 feet between supports. It is
simply supported (Ux and Uz restrained) at its curved ends and is free along the
straight edges. The roof has a 25 foot radius and a central angle of 40°. As
suggested in MacNeal and Harder 1985, only a quarter of the roof is modeled.

A 6x6 mesh is used for the quarter roof. Symmetry conditions are imposed by
restraining the Uy and Rx degrees of freedom at joints 44 through 49; restraining
the Ux and Ry degrees of freedom at joints 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36; and
restraining both the Ux, Uy, Rx and Ry degrees of freedom at joint 43.

LOADING
The loading for this example is a 90 psf gravity load; that is, a uniform load on
the surface area in the -Z direction of 90 psf. To test different types of loading,
the load is input three different ways in three different load cases, as shown in the
following table.

Load Case Load Type

SELF Self Weight
GRAV Gravity Load
UNIF Uniform Load

The unit weight of the concrete is set to 360 lb/ft3 so that the self weight and
gravity loads will be 90 psf. The uniform load is specified as 90 psf in the gravity
(-Z) direction.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 1
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 8

GEOMETRY AND PROPERTIES

Material Properties
E = 432,000,000 lb/ft2
ν = 0.0
G = 216,000,000 lb/ft2

Section Properties
Thickness = 3 in

Loading
Gravity Load = 90 lb/ft2
(Uniform load on surface Sym
area in the –Z direction) 43 44 45 46
36 31 32 47
33 48
34
29 25 35
Sym 36 49
19
22
42
15 13
35
8 7 8
1 28
50'
2
3
1 2 4 21 Free
3 5
4
5 6 14
Boundary Conditions 6
Simply supported at ends 7
(i.e., along curved edges)
25'
R=

1 - Joint number
40° 1 - Area object number

Z
Y

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 2
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 8

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED

 Three-dimensional analysis using shell elements
 Self weight applied to shell elements
 Gravity load applied to shell elements
 Uniform load applied to shell elements

RESULTS COMPARISON
The SAP2000 results are presented separately for the thin plate option and the
thick plate option. The independent result for the vertical deflection at the center
of the free edge is published in MacNeal and Harder 1985. The independent
results for displacements and bending moments along the support and along the
central section are scaled from plotted results provided in Zienkiewicz 1977 that
are calculated using theory presented in Scordelis and Lo 1964.

Thin Plate Option – Vertical Deflection at Center of Free Edge

Percent
Output Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference
Uz (jt 49) ft -0.3068 -0.3086 -1%

Thin Plate Option – Axial Deformations at Support

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° Uy (jt 1) ft 0.0000 0.0004 -3%
6.67° Uy (jt 2) ft 0.0005 0.0010 -4%
13.33° Uy (jt 3) ft 0.0018 0.0021 -2%
20° Uy (jt 4) ft 0.0029 0.0030 -1%
26.67° Uy (jt 5) ft 0.0024 0.0021 +2%
33.33° Uy (jt 6) ft -0.0017 -0.0025 -6%
40° Uy (jt 7) ft -0.0118 -0.0125 -6%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.11c on page 350 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 0.0125.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 3
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 8

Thin Plate Option – Twisting Moments at Support

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° Mxy (jt 1) lb-ft/ft 92 0 +7%
6.67° Mxy (jt 2) lb-ft/ft 362 370 -1%
13.33° Mxy (jt 3) lb-ft/ft 703 700 0%
20° Mxy (jt 4) lb-ft/ft 993 990 0%
26.67° Mxy (jt 5) lb-ft/ft 1190 1210 -2%
33.33° Mxy (jt 6) lb-ft/ft 1260 1310 -4%
40° Mxy (jt 7) lb-ft/ft 1261 1280 -1%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12b on page 351 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 1310.

Thin Plate Option – Vertical Displacement at Central Section

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° Uz (jt 43) ft 0.046 0.048 -1%
6.67° Uz (jt 44) ft 0.031 0.028 +1%
13.33° Uz (jt 45) ft -0.013 -0.015 -1%
20° Uz (jt 46) ft -0.078 -0.080 -1%
26.67° Uz (jt 47) ft -0.155 -0.157 -1%
33.33° Uz (jt 48) ft -0.234 -0.240 -2%
40° Uz (jt 49) ft -0.307 -0.315 -3%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.11b on page 350 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 0.315.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 4
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 8

Thin Plate Option – Transverse Moments at Central Section

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° My (jt 43) lb-ft/ft -2099 -2080 +1%
6.67° My (jt 44) lb-ft/ft -1978 -1980 0%
13.33° My (jt 45) lb-ft/ft -1614 -1580 +2%
20° My (jt 46) lb-ft/ft -1045 -1000 +2%
26.67° My (jt 47) lb-ft/ft -408 -400 0%
33.33° My (jt 48) lb-ft/ft 36 70 -2%
40° My (jt 49) lb-ft/ft 0 -40 +2%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12a on page 351 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 2080.

Thin Plate Option – Longitudinal Moments at Central Section

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° Mx (jt 43) lb-ft/ft -100 -100 0%
6.67° Mx (jt 44) lb-ft/ft -63 -90 -4%
13.33° Mx (jt 45) lb-ft/ft 37 10 +4%
20° Mx (jt 46) lb-ft/ft 181 140 +6%
26.67° Mx (jt 47) lb-ft/ft 340 300 +6%
33.33° Mx (jt 48) lb-ft/ft 502 490 +2%
40° Mx (jt 49) lb-ft/ft 664 700 -5%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12a on page 351 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 700.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 5
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 8

Thick Plate Option – Vertical Deflection at Center of Free Edge

Percent
Output Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
Uz (jt 49) ft -0.3073 -0.3086 0%

Thick Plate Option – Axial Deformations at Support

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° Uy (jt 1) ft 0.0000 0.0004 -3%
6.67° Uy (jt 2) ft 0.0005 0.0010 -4%
13.33° Uy (jt 3) ft 0.0018 0.0021 -2%
20° Uy (jt 4) ft 0.0029 0.0030 -1%
26.67° Uy (jt 5) ft 0.0024 0.0021 +2%
33.33° Uy (jt 6) ft -0.0017 -0.0025 -6%
40° Uy (jt 7) ft -0.0118 -0.0125 -6%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.11c on page 350 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 0.0125.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 6
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 8

Thick Plate Option – Twisting Moments at Support

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° Mxy (jt 1) lb-ft/ft 1 0 0%
6.67° Mxy (jt 2) lb-ft/ft 362 370 -1%
13.33° Mxy (jt 3) lb-ft/ft 707 700 +1%
20° Mxy (jt 4) lb-ft/ft 1003 990 +1%
26.67° Mxy (jt 5) lb-ft/ft 1211 1210 0%
33.33° Mxy (jt 6) lb-ft/ft 1273 1310 -3%
40° Mxy (jt 7) lb-ft/ft 1255 1280 -2%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12b on page 351 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 1310.

Thick Plate Option – Vertical Displacement at Central Section

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° Uz (jt 43) ft 0.046 0.048 -1%
6.67° Uz (jt 44) ft 0.031 0.028 +1%
13.33° Uz (jt 45) ft -0.013 -0.015 -1%
20° Uz (jt 46) ft -0.078 -0.080 -1%
26.67° Uz (jt 47) ft -0.155 -0.157 -1%
33.33° Uz (jt 48) ft -0.234 -0.240 -2%
40° Uz (jt 49) ft -0.307 -0.315 -3%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.11b on page 350 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 0.315.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 7
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 8

Thick Plate Option – Transverse Moments at Central Section

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° My (jt 43) lb-ft/ft -2097 -2080 +1%
6.67° My (jt 44) lb-ft/ft -1976 -1980 0%
13.33° My (jt 45) lb-ft/ft -1616 -1580 +2%
20° My (jt 46) lb-ft/ft -1056 -1000 +3%
26.67° My (jt 47) lb-ft/ft -427 -400 +1%
33.33° My (jt 48) lb-ft/ft 16 70 -3%
40° My (jt 49) lb-ft/ft 88 -40 +6%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12a on page 351 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 2080.

Thick Plate Option – Longitudinal Moments at Central Section

Output Percent
Angle Parameter SAP2000 Independent* Difference**
0° Mx (jt 43) lb-ft/ft -104 -100 +1%
6.67° Mx (jt 44) lb-ft/ft -67 -90 -3%
13.33° Mx (jt 45) lb-ft/ft 33 10 +3%
20° Mx (jt 46) lb-ft/ft 179 140 +6%
26.67° Mx (jt 47) lb-ft/ft 342 300 +6%
33.33° Mx (jt 48) lb-ft/ft 510 490 +3%
40° Mx (jt 49) lb-ft/ft 672 700 -4%
* Independent results are scaled (estimated) from Figure 13.12a on page 351 in Zienkiewicz
1977.
** Percent difference is calculated with respect to the maximum independent value, 700.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 8
 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 8

COMPUTER FILES: Example 2-006-thick, Example 2-006-thin

CONCLUSIONS
In general the SAP2000 results for both the thin plate and thick plate options
show an acceptable comparison with the independent results. The comparisons
with the published theoretical value of the vertical deflection at the center of the
free edge have less than a 1% difference.

The comparison of the displacements and bending moments along the support
and along the central section is good considering that the independent results are
scaled from published graphical results.

The uniform load on the surface area in the -Z direction is input as a self weight,
a gravity load and a uniform load in three different load cases. The results for the
three load cases are identical.

EXAMPLE 2-006 - 9