Hydrogen Spectrum

Atomic Physics
Lecture - 3
Jayant Nagda
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Terms For H-Like atoms (single e- system)

1. Ground State

Lowest energy state of any atom or ion is

called ground state of the atom.

E1 = - 13.6 eV

H - atom = - 13.6 eV

He+ - atom = - 54.4 eV

Li2+ - atom = - 122.4 eV

2. Ionization Energy (IE):

Minimum energy required to

move an e- from ground state to n = ∞
is called ionization energy.

EIE = E∞ - En = -En = + 13.6 Z2/n2 eV

Eg : H - atom Eie = 13.6 eV

He+ - atom = 54.4 eV

Li2+ - atom = 122.4 eV

Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The ionization potential of Li++ ion is -

A. 13.6 V B. 54.4 V

C. 122.4 V D. 40.8 V
3. Ionization Potential (IP):

Potential difference through which

a free e- must be accelerated from rest
such that its KE becomes equal to
ionization energy of the atom.

eV = K = EIE = 13.6 Z2/n2 eV

V = 13.6 Z2/n2 Volts

IP of H-atom : 13.6 V;
He+ atom : 54.4 V;
Li2+ : 122.4 V
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

Ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. Then the

energy required to ionise a hydrogen atom in which the
electron is in the second orbit from the nucleus is (eV)
A. –13.6 B. 3.4
C. 10.2 D. 13.6
4. Excitation Energy

Energy required to move an e- from ground state of the

atom to any other excited state of the atom.

Eexcitation = Ehigher - Elower

Eg : Ground state of H - atom : 13.6 eV

First excited state of H - atom : 3.4 eV

First excitation energy of H - atom = -3.4 -(-13.6) = 10.2 eV

n = 2 first excited state

n = 3 second excited state
n = 4 third excited state
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The first excitation potential of the hydrogen atom

in the ground state is -

A. 13.6 volt B. 10.2 volt C. 3.4 volt D. 1.89 volt

5. Excitation Potential

Potential difference through which an e- must be

accelerated from rest so that its K.E. becomes equal to
excitation energy of any state is called excitation potential
of that state.

Eg : H-atom first excitation potential is 10.2 V

Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The ionization potential of Li++ ion is 122.4 V.

Then, its first excitation potential is -

A. 122.4 V B. 91.8 V
C. 61.2 eV D. 30.6 eV
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]
If first excitation potential of a hydrogen-like atom is V
electron volt, then the ionization energy of this atom will be -

A. V electron volt B. 3V/4 electron volt

C. 4V/3 electron volt D. cannot be calculated by given
information
6. Binding Energy

Energy liberated when constituents of a system

are brought from infinity to assemble the system.

B.E. = - I.E. = En

Energy required to move an e-

from any state to infinity
is called B.E. of that state
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV.

Following Bohr's theory the energy required to move an
electron from third orbit to infinity is -
A. 0.306 eV B. 0.66 eV
C. 1.51 eV D. 1.89 eV
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

According to Bohr's theory the energy corresponding to a

transition between the third and the fourth orbit in
Hydrogen atom is -
A. 0.306 eV B. 0.66 eV
C. 1.51 eV D. 1.89 eV
Energy Level Diagram for Hydrogen

E
n=5 E5 = - 0.54 eV
n=4 E4 = - 0.85 eV
n=3 E3 = - 1.5 eV
Lower
energy at
bottom n=2 E2 = - 3.4 eV

n=1 E1 = - 13.6 eV
H
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]
Energy E of a hydrogen atom with principal quantum
number n is given by E = -13.6/n2eV. The energy of a
photon ejected when the electron jumps from n = 3 state
to n = 2 state of hydrogen is approximately
A. 0.85 eV B. 3.4 eV
C. 1.9 eV D. 1.5 eV
Wavelength of photon emitted in the de-excitation

initial

h𝜈 = Ei - Ef

final
De-excitation of Electron

Hydrogen Emission Spectrum

Excitation of Electron

Hydrogen Absorption Spectrum

Wavelength of Photon emitted in the de-excitation

1913, Hydrogen Spectrum was studied extensively

H𝛅 H𝝲 H𝛃 H𝛂

H∝ :- visible line with largest wavelength or

lowest frequency is in red

Hβ :- next line, in the blue-green region

Wavelength of Photon emitted in the de-excitation

1885, Johann Balmer, a swiss teacher found

formula that gives the wavelength of these lines.

Balmer’s formula
n = 2, 3, 4…….

wave number R = Rydberg constant

R = 1.097 x 107 m-1

for n = 3, we obtain H∝ line

for n = 4, we obtain Hβ line
Electron Transitions in Hydrogen Atom
Wavelength of Photon emitted in the de-excitation
Wavelength corresponding to
other spectral series (Lyman, Paschen) etc.

Lyman series n = 2, 3, 4…….

Paschen series n = 4, 5, 6…….

Brackett series n = 5, 6…….

Pfund series n = 6, 7…….

Electron Transitions in Hydrogen Atom

Lyman series
is in UV region;

Balmer series
is in Visible region;

Paschen, Brackett, Pfund

in IR region
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]
The maximum wavelength of Lyman series is

A. B. C. D.
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The ratio of minimum to maximum wavelength in

Balmer series is

A. 5 : 9 B. 5 : 36 C. 1 : 4 D. 3:4
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The series limit wavelength of the Lyman Series for

hydrogen atom is given by

A. 16/R B. 9/R C. 4/R D. 1/R

Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The first member of the Balmer’s series of the hydrogen

has a wavelength λ. The wavelength of second member is
-
A. B. C. D. None
Daily Practice Problems
Example The wavelength of first line of Balmer series is 6563Å.
The wavelength of first line of Lyman series will be -

A. 1215.4Å B. 2500Å

C. 7500Å D. 600Å

Ans: A
Example The wavelength of series limit of Lyman series is

A. ∞ B. R C. 1/n D. 1/4R

Ans: C
Example The ratio of the long wavelength limits of the
Lyman and Balmer series of hydrogen is

A. 27 : 5 B. 5 : 27 C. 4 : 1 D. 1 : 4

Ans: B
Example The ratio of wavelength of first line of Lyman series of
doubly ionized lithium atom to that of the first line of
Lyman series of deuterium (1H2) will be

A. 4:1 B. 1 : 4 C. 9 : 1 D. 1 : 9

Ans: D
Example If λ1 and λ2 are the wavelengths of the first members of
the Lyman and Paschen series respectively, then λ1 : λ2 is -

A. 1 : 3 B. 1 : 30 C. 7 : 108 D. None of these

Ans: C
Example If the series limit wavelength of the Lyman series for
hydrogen atom is 912 Å, then the series limit
wavelength for the Balmer series for the hydrogen
atom is -
A. 912 Å B. 912 × 2 Å

C. 912 × 4 Å D. 912/2 Å

Ans: C
Example The transition from the state n = 4 to n = 3 in a hydrogen
like atom results in ultraviolet radiation.Infrared radiation
will be obtained in the transition
A. 2 ⟶ 1 B. 3 ⟶ 2

C. 4 ⟶ 2 D. 5 ⟶ 4

Ans: D
Example A photon, whose energy is 14 eV, is allowed to interact
with a hydrogen atom in its ground state. Then

A. the photon is absorbed by the H-atom, resulting in

ionization of H-atom, and the outgoing electron has
0.4 eV energy
B. since photon energy is greater than 13.6 eV, it can not
be absorbed by the atom
C. the photon is absorbed by the atom and then it
reemits two photons each of energy 7 eV
D. None of these

Ans: A
Example If the ionization energy of a hydrogen-like Bohr atom is
4 Rydberg, then the wavelengths of radiation emitted
when the electron jumps from first excited state to the
ground state and the radius of the first orbit of this
atom are -

A. 3.04 Å, 0.53 Å B. 304 Å, 0.265 Å

C. 912 Å, 0.53 Å D. 3.04 Å, 0.265 Å

Ans: B
Example The photon radiated from hydrogen corresponding to 2nd
line of Lyman series is absorbed by a hydrogen-like atom
'X' in 2nd excited state. As a result Then, the hydrogen-like
atom 'X' makes a transition of nth orbit

A. X = He+, n = 4 B. X = Li++, n = 6

C. X = He+, n = 6 D. X = Li++, n = 9

Ans: D
Example A double charged lithium atom is equivalent to hydrogen
whose atomic number is 3. The wavelength of required
radiation for emitting electron from first to third Bohr orbit
in Li++ will be (Ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6
eV)-
A. 182.51 Å

B. 177.17 Å

C. 142.25 Å

D. 113.74 Å

Ans: D
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