1. Natural resources: these are gift of god for eg.

soil, air,
water and minerals
2. Ecology: the science which deals with inter-relation
between living organism and outer environment.
3. Endangered species: plants and animals which are in
danger of getting extinct.
4. Wild life sanctuary: a reserved area for preserving
natural beauty.
5. Biosphere: part of earth which is covered with living
organism.
6. Soil: the upper part of earth or ground containing
humus and weathered rock.
7. Ecosystem: an integrated unit consisting of the
community of living organism and the physical
environment.
8. Flora: the species of plant of a particular region or
period.
9. Fauna: the species of animals of a particular region or
period.
10. Forest: an area covered with a lot of big and
small trees.
11. virgin vegetation: it refers to a plant community
which has grown naturally without human aid and has
been left undisturbed by humans.
Q1.
ANS. The inter dependence of species of plant and animals
in a given area.

Q2.
ANS. 1.tropical evergreen forest
2. tropical deciduous forest
3. tropical thorny forest
4. temperate forest with grasslands
5. alpine and tundra vegetation.

Q3.
ANS. Soil, climate, precipitation, sunlight & altitude.

Q4.
ANS. To protect the species of flora and fauna government
has opened many bioreserves so that this natural heritage
can be transmitted in the future generation. two eg are :
Nanda Devi
Nilgiri.

Q5.
ANS. flora fauna

The species of plant in a re- the species of animal ina

gion or period is reffered as region or period is reff
flora. Ered as fauna.

There are more than 47k plant they are more than 89k
In India. Animals in India.
Q6.
ANS. Tropical evergreen forests: they are found where the
average rainfall is more than 200cm.
These do not have distinct season of shedding leaves.
Their height exceeds 60m.
Ebony, mahogany and rosewood are some of important
trees.

Tropical deciduous forest: they are found where average

rainfall is b/w 75cm-200cm.
They shed their leaves once in while in a year to reduce
evaporation.
The trees are less than 50cm of height.
Teak, sal and sandalwood are some of important trees.

Q7.
ANS. Tropical evergreen forest
Topical thorn and shrub
Tropical deciduous forest
Mangrove forest
Temperate forests and grasslands
Alpine and tundra vegetation.

Q8.
ANS. Habitat destruction: the cleaning of land for home
farmland dams and highways destroys habitat of wildlife

Human predation: animals and birds are being killed by

humans for their need hence making some species
endangered.
Pesticides and pollution: the use of pesticides and pollution
of the environment threaten many birds and animals
throughout the world.

Industrialization: pollution due to chemical and industrial

waste is also causing a great threat to natural environment.

Q9.
ANS. different types of soil: India has almost every type of
soil necessary. The sandy soil of deserts supports cactus
and thorny bushes while wet marshy deltaic soils support
mangroves and deltaic vegetation.

Different climatic conditions: at some places temperature is

50c and at other it is -45c.so it supports every species.
Some places receive more than 1000cm rainfall and some
receives 50cm.

Sunlight: sunlight is one of the important factors

responsible for the growth of vegetation. Due to which
plants grow more faster.