INTRODUCTION

The use of vehicle bombs to attack city centers has been a feature of campaigns
by terrorist organization around the world. A bomb explosion within or
immediately nearby a building can cause catastrophic damage on the building’s
externally and internally. Resulting in collapsing of walls, and shutting down of
critical life-safety systems. Buildings, bridges, pipelines, industrial plants dams
etc are the lifeline structures and they play an important role in the economy of
the country and hence they have to be protected from dynamic and wind
loading.

These structures should be protected from the blast effects, which are likely to
be the targets of terrorist attacks. The indirect effects can combine to inhibit or
prevent timely evacuation, thereby contributing to additional casualties. In
addition, major catastrophes resulting from gas-chemical explosions result in
large dynamic load, greater than the original design loads, of many structures.
Due to the threat from such extreme loading conditions, efforts have been made
during the past three decades to develop methods of structural analysis and
design of structures subjected to blast loads require a detailed understanding of
blast phenomena and the dynamic response of various structural elements.

Many incidents have taken place around the world where the structures are
subjected to blast induced impulsive loads due to fanatic activities in past few
years. This has lead to threat to life and property. Blast resistant design is a
specialized area to which structural engineers are not exposed meticulously as
this design is comprehensively used only for military setups. Various types of
finite element tools and software are available for blast resisting design of
structures.
 OBJECTIVES:

1. To study the dynamic response of various structural elements like

column, beam, slab, and connections in RC structures.
2. To provide an overview on the current trends and recent advancements.
3. To analyze and design the structure against the abnormal loading
conditions like blast loads, strong wind pressure etc. requiring detailed
understanding of blast phenomenon.
4. Protection of constructed facilities from damaging natural hazards and
exceptional loads, as known has recently become an important issue in
common practice
5. Besides the generalized goal of protective construction to minimize
injuries and improve the probability survival of people.
6. The blast design of structure has become fundamental requirement, so
that most of the actual strategic buildings and infrastructure must
guarantee appropriate levels of blast resistance.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

M. R. Wakchaure and Seema Borole, (2013) worked on “Comparison of

Maximum Stress distribution of Long & Short Side Column due to
Loading” In this paper a study was conducted on the behavior of structural
concrete subjected to blast loads. The comparison between long side & short
side column is made and the further result was presented. In final result
percentage of stress of reinforced concrete column for long and short side
column were presented in this paper. An extensive parametric study was
carried out on a series of 8 column at the long and short side to investigate the
effect of transverse reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement due to blast
loading and finite element package ANSYS is used to analysis of RC Column
subjected to blast loading.

Edward Eskew & Shinae Jang, (2012) worked on “Impact and Analysis
for Buildings under Terrorist Attacks” This paper gives a systematic
approach to assessing the cause and outcomes of terrorist attacks. The literature
also provide a systematic framework to investigate terrorist attacks and their
impacts on building structures. Common damage types grom explosions to
general civil structure are provided including the World Trade Center attack on
9/11 and the Murrah Building bombing. These examples provide perspectives
on what can occure in a terrorist attack. Then the basic principles of an
explosion on a structure and how that is determined is discussed. Analysis
techniques for a damaged structure are also explored in depth, as well as
experimental methods used to validate and prove those techniques.
Saeed Ahmad, MehwishTaseer, Humapervaiz, UET, Taxila, (2012) worked
on “Effect of Impulsive Loading on reinforced Concrete Structure” In this
paper, 4 distinct RCC wall with varying thickness are taken. These walls are
tested with different explosive loads are scaled distance. Pressure sensors,
accelerometers, dynamic strain amplifiers, data acquisition board and strain
gauges were used to measure air blast and ground shock parameters. In
conclusion, it was stated that air blast and ground shock pressure must be
considered for accurate analysis of structural response.

Jon A. Schmidt, P.E. (2003) worked on “Structural Design for External

Terrorist Bomb Attacks” This paper summarizes the methods available to
define an external terrorist bombthreat and estimate structural design loads and
element responses using simple dynamic system models and principal. With
the increase of the threat of terrorist attacks using explosive over the last
decades has created an awareness of building owner and designers. The US
government has funded extensive research of blastanalysis and protective
design methods and has produced a number of guidelines for its own facilities.
The private sector is increasingly considering similar measures, especially for
so-called “Icon Building” that are perceived to be prime targets, as well asa
nearby structure that are vulnerable to collateral damage. This article
summarizes the methods available to define an external terrorist bomb threat
and estimate structural design loads and element responses using simple
dynamic system models and principle.
Noteworthy Contribution in the Field of Proposed Work

Significant contribution was made by M. R. Wakchaure and Seema Borole

(2013), Edward Eskew & Shinae Jang (2012), Saeed Ahmad, MehwishTaseer,
Humapervaiz (2012), Jon A. Schmidt, P.E. (2003) in the field of structural
engineering. They all worked for the development & betterment of the blast
resistance of building. They also improved structure its mass with additional
concrete & steel reinforcement. They conducted study on reinforced concrete
building and did the analysis of structural failure due blast load. They studied
the dynamic response of Masonry wall subjected to blast load.

Research Envisaged & Plan of Work

1. Measuring of blast loads on structure is a complex task. Instrument

should be placed in such a way that they do not interfere with the load
surface of the observed element and to avoid their damage and
destruction when subjected to blast wave.
2. To understand the behavior of structure under blast loading, simulation
are conducted using software that is specialized numerical program.
3. Implement improvements & Evaluate results.
 METHODOLOGY

To achieve the work within time period, here in this chapter it describes the
methodology,
1. First section describes the methodology used to design the RC frame.
2. The second section presents the modeling of RC frame using ANSYS.
3. In third section the finite element method used to discretization.
4. In fourth section the blast load is applied on the boundary condition.
5. In last the RC frame will be analyzed by using ANSYS software.
 Expected Outcomes of the Proposed work

1. Cases should be studied when the explosion within a structure can cause
failure of interior girders, beams and floor slabs.
2. Cases in which the axial loads does not remain constant during the
column response time are possible. These include situation where the
bomb is located within the structures and the blast excites the girders
connected to the column. The effect of these time-varying axial load
should be studied.
3. Tests and evaluation of connections under direct blast loads.
4. Tests and recommendations for base plate configurations and designs to
resist direct shear failure at column bases.
 REFERENCES

1. M. R. Wakchaure and Seema Borole, (2013) worked on “Comparison

of Maximum Stress distribution of Long & Short Side Column due to
Loading”

2. Edward Eskew & Shinae Jang, (2012) worked on “Impact and Analysis
for Buildings under Terrorist Attacks”

3. Saeed Ahmad, MehwishTaseer, Humapervaiz, UET, Taxila, (2012)

worked on “Effect of Impulsive Loading on reinforced Concrete
Structure”

4. Jon A. Schmidt, P.E. (2003) worked on “Structural Design for External

Terrorist Bomb Attacks”