Experiment # 07

Objective:
To determine the representative size of product obtained from ultrafine grinder.
Theory:
Many commercial powders must contain particles averaging 1 to 20 µm in size with substantially
all particles passing a standard 325 mesh screen
that has opening 44 µm wide.
Mills that reduce solids to such fine particles are
ultra fine grinders. Ultrafine grinding of dry
powder is done by grinders such as high speed
hammer mills provided with internal or external
classification and by fluid energy or jet mills.
Ultrafine wet grinding is done by agitated mills.
Apparatus:
Ultrafine grinder, tyler screens, plastic bowls,
balance, stopwatch, vernier calipers, energy meter.
Material:
Brick pieces.
Procedure:
 I measured the inlet size of ultrafine grinder.
 I took some bricks and broke them into smaller pieces and measure their size with the
help of verniercallipers.
 I weighed the brick pieces.
 Then I switched on ultrafine grinder and noted initial energy value.
 Then I started feeding the brick pieces and turn the stopwatch on.
 After the completion of process I noted the gross energy value Eg and time taken.
 Then I ran the ultrafine grinder for that specific time and noted the energy values and
calculated the net energy value.
 Then using tyler screens, I separated each mass fraction and weighted them.
 At the end I plot the graph between mass fraction v/s size opening and mass fraction v/s
mean size.
Observations and Calculations:
Analysis of feed:

Piece Size (mm)

1 20
2 19
3 17
4 17
 5 14
6 8
7 6
8 5
9 3
10 23

L1 =13.2 mm
Mass of feed = 2 kg
Gross energy = 0.125KWh
Time required = 120sec
Time for blank run = 120 sec
Net energy = 0.0375 KWh
fc = 0.35kg/mm2
Analysis of Product:

Mesh# Dpi Mass Average xi mixi

Retained Mass
50 0.297 0.25 - 0.177 0.039
70 0.210 0.266 0.253 0.184 0.023
80 0.177 0.096 0.193 0.060 0.06
100 0.149 0.254 0.163 0.060 0.0075
120 0.125 0.504 0.137 0.151 0.0097
140 0.105 0.056 0.115 0.06 0.0073
150 0.104 0.132 0.105 0.093 0.0061
170 0.088 0.056 0.096 0.060 0.00091
200 0.074 0.100 0.081 0.070 0.00088
Pan - 0.058 - 0.075 -
Total 1.41 L2=0.1597

L2 = 0.1597 mm
Results:
Enet/m = Krfc[1/ L2-1/L1]

Kr = 0.012Kwhmm3/kg2

Eg/m = 2C [1/ √L2-1/√L1]

C = 0.049 Kwhmm3/kg2
 Experiment #08
Objective:
To determine critical speed and magnitude of Rittinger’s andBonds law constant for Ball
Mill.
Theory:
A ball mill is a type of grinder used to grind and blend materials for use in mineral dressing
processes, paints, pyrotechnics, ceramics and selective laser sintering. It works on the principle
of impact and attrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the
shell.
A ball mill consists of a hollow cylindrical shell rotating about its axis. The axis of the shell may
be either horizontal or at a small angle to the horizontal. It is partially filled with balls. The
grinding media is the balls, which may be made of steel (chrome steel), stainless steel, ceramic,
or rubber. The inner surface of the cylindrical shell is usually lined with an abrasion-resistant
material such as manganese steel or rubber. Less wear takes place in rubber lined mills. The
length of the mill is approximately equal to its diameter.

Apparatus:
Ball mill with grinding medium, set of standard screens, calliper for measurements.
Material:
Broken Bricks.
Procedure:
1. I measured the circumference of cylindrical shell of ball mill with the help of stiring and
hence calculated its external radius.
2. I measured the thickness of shell with the help of vernier calipers.
3. I determined the diameter of ball of different sizes and hence calculated their mean size.
4. I took 3 kg of crushed bricks of 3 to 6 mm size and determined its representative size for
law constants.
 5. I empty the mill and loaded it with grinding medium.
6. I added pre weighed amount of pre sized feed in the mill.
7. I noted the initial reading of energy meter.
8. I operated the loaded mill for 10 min.
9. I unloaded the mill and remove products and determine both law constant by
representative size.
10. Now I operated the ball mill with grinding medium for 10 min and noted reading of the
energy meter.
11. I determined net and gross energies consumed during milling operation.
12. I found out the crushing strength of bricks from literature.
13. I found out critical speed, Rittengers Law and Bond’s law constant by using:

η = 1/2∏√g/R-r
Em=Kr fc (1/L2-1/L1)
E=2C √1/L1(1-1/√q)
Observations and Calculations:
Circumference of cylindrical shell = 191.5 mm
External radius of shell = Re = S/∏ =304.7mm
Total weight = 25 kg
Thickness of shell = t =1.9 m
Internal radius = Rr= Re – t = 295.78mm
Avg. diameter of shell = 39.116mm
Analysis of Grinding media:
Size of Ball Dia of Ball No. of Ball Mass of Nimi xi xidi
(di) (Ni ) Ball(mi )
Small 25.05 356 66 23562 0.417 10.446
nd
2 38.05 26 224 5824 0.103 3.919
rd
3 51.35 41 534 21894 0.387 19.872
Large 63.1 5 1034 5170 0.091 5.742

Mean size of grinding medium = =∑xidi =39.9791

Mean radius of grinding = di/2 = 19.989
Critical Speed = 2∏√g/R-r
= 0.93 m/s
Analysis of Product:
Mesh # Size of Average size Mass Mass xidpi
opening retained fraction
4 4.76 - 0.736 0.214 1.018
6 3.36 4.06 0.154 0.044 0.147
8 2.38 2.87 0.126 0.367 0.873
14 1.41 1.895 0.134 0.039 0.055
30 0.593 1.0025 0.106 0.031 5.5×10-3
80 0.177 0.386 1.150 0.335 0.0499
100 0.149 0.163 0.492 0.143 0.021
120 0.125 0.137 0.102 0.297 0.0371
170 0.086 0.1065 0.294 0.085 7.48×10-3
200 0.074 0.081 0.104 0.30 2.22×10-3
Pan - - 0.032 0.009 -
3.43 2.215

Enet/m=Kr fc (1/L2-1/L1)
0.493/3.43 = Kr{1/2.215-1/5}
Kr = 1.663Kwhmm3/kg2
Eg/m=2C (1/√L2-1/√L1)
3.133/3.43 = 2C{1/√2.215-1/√5}
3 2
C = 2.035Kwhmm /kg