Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 16

Exam

Name___________________________________

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Figure 7.1

Using Figure 7.1, match the following:

1) Articulates with hip bones of the pelvis. 1)

2) Attach to ribs. 2)

3) Bears most of the weight. 3)

4) Transvers foramina allow the passage of vertebral arteries. 4)

5) No canals or foramen present. 5)

1
6) Includes the atlas and the axis. 6)

7) Contains a pivot joint that allows you to rotate your head "no." 7)

Figure 7.2

Using Figure 7.2, match the following:

8) Anchor the pterygoid muscles. 8)

9) Passageway for optic nerve. 9)

10) Pituitary gland is suspended here. 10)

11) Forms parts of the middle cranial fossa, dorsal walls of the orbits, and external walls of the 11)
skull.

12) Allow cranial nerves that control eye movements to enter the orbit. 12)

2
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.

Match the following:

13) These very small bones are at the A) Sphenoid


13)
medial wall of each orbit and provides
a groove for the tear ducts. B) Maxillae

14) Failure of these anterior bones to fuse C) Temporal bones 14)


causes a condition known as cleft
palate.
D) Lacrimal bones

15) This bone houses the apparatus of the


15)
internal and middle ear.

16) This bone is wing-shaped and


16)
extends behind the eyes and forms
part of the floor of the cranial vault.

17) The bones that contain teeth.


17)

18) This bone has a passageway into the


18)
nasal cavity.

19) The sella turcica is a portion of this


19)
bone.

Match the following:

20) The fingers have three of these bones A) Radius


20)
and the thumb has only two.
B) Phalanges
21) This bone articulates with the glenoid
21)
fossa. C) Humerus

22) Forearm bone that articulates with


22)
most of the carpals.

3
Match the following:

23) This bone shapes the posterior wall of A) Intervertebral disc


23)
the pelvis.
B) Sacrum
24) The fused rudimentary tailbone.
24)
C) Cervical vertebrae
25) The bone that articulates with the
25)
occipital condyles. D) Atlas

26) These bones are the smallest and E) Coccyx 26)


lightest vertebrae.

27) Allows the head to nod "yes."


27)

28) A cushionlike shock absorber of two


28)
parts: a nucleus pulposus and annulus
fibrosus.

Match the following:

29) Lambdoid suture. A) Connects occipital and temporal bones


29)

30) Sagittal suture. B) Connects right and left parietal bones.


30)

31) Squamosal suture. C) Connects parietal and frontal bones


31)

32) Coronal suture. D) Connects temporal and parietal bones


32)

33) Occipitomastoid suture. E) Connects occipital and parietal bones.


33)

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

34) The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the body. 34)

35) All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore 35)
immovable.

36) The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture. 36)

37) The mastoid sinuses are located at a position in the skull where they are usually free from 37)
infections.

38) The vertebral column is held in place primarily by the anterior and posterior longitudinal 38)
ligaments.

39) Most of the body's weight is carried by the talus and calcaneus. 39)

4
40) The most common site of fracture in the humerus is the surgical neck which is distal to the 40)
anatomical neck.

41) The shallow socket of the shoulder joint restricts dislocation of the humerus and is the main 41)
contributor to the stability of the joint.

42) Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum. 42)

43) The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra. 43)

44) In women of childbearing age, the dimensions of the true pelvis are of utmost importance. 44)

45) The term vertebrochondral ribs refers to the "false ribs," that attach to each other before they attach to 45)
the sternum.

46) In the anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone is the radius. 46)

47) The vomer along with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the bony part of the 47)
nasal septum.

48) The temporal bone connects to the zygomatic bone via the temporal process of the temporal bone. 48)

49) The lacrimal bone contains a groove that forms part of lacrimal fossa. Along with the soft tissue of 49)
the lacrimal sac, these structures drain tears from the eye into the nasal passage.

50) The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla. 50)

51) There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae. 51)

52) Lordosis affects the thoracic vertebrae. 52)

53) All vertebrae possess a body, a spine, and transverse foramina. 53)

54) The dens articulates with the occipital bone. 54)

55) The pituitary gland is housed in a saddle-like depression in the temporal bone called the sella 55)
turcica.

56) The ischium articulates with both the ilium and the pubis forming the acetabulum. 56)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

57) The bones in the skull have many different names but what are the boundaries of each bone? 57)
Where do they start and stop?
A) The boundaries are indistinct and are simply vague generalized regions.
B) Boundaries for skull bones are seen only in the infant skull.
C) Bones of the skull are separated by immobile joints called sutures.
D) Bones of the skull are continuous but named for their specific markings.

5
58) Which of the following can be considered a function of the paranasal sinuses? 58)
A) Sinuses take away a minimal amount of strength from bones while reducing the weight of
bones.
B) Sinuses are often referred to as vestigial, anatomical features with no know function.
C) Sinuses have rough patches that aid in muscle attachment.
D) The paranasal sinuses are passageways for nerves to pass through.

59) Which of the bones of the skull would you also refer to as a cheekbone? 59)
A) the parietal bone B) the temporal bone
C) the occipital bone D) the zygomatic bone

60) Which of the following would be most associated with housing the special sense organs? 60)
A) the temporal bones B) hyoid bone
C) the bones of the inner ear D) the cranial bones

61) Which of the following would be most associated with process of warming, humidifying, and 61)
filtering the air we inhale?
A) the cranial bones B) the bones comprising the orbits
C) the nasal cavity D) hyoid bone

62) Which is the best description for the function of the cranial bones? 62)
A) allow introduction of food into the digestive system
B) house the special sense organs
C) provide passageways for respiratory gases to move into and out of the body
D) protect the brain

63) The sphenoid bone is sometimes referred to as a "key stone" of the skull. This is due to the fact that 63)
________.
A) the sphenoid is in the center of the skull and it articulates (joins) with all of the other bones of
the skull (excluding the mandible)
B) the sphenoid bone is solid like a stone and provides the strength necessary to support the
skull
C) the intricate shape of the sphenoid makes it critical to the distinct characteristics of the
individual human face
D) the sphenoid is wedged in the superior most portion of the skull and supports all of the other
bones below (excluding the mandible)

64) The sella turcica is part of the ________ bone and houses the ________ gland. 64)
A) ethmoid; thymus B) ethmoid; pituitary
C) sphenoid; pituitary D) sphenoid; thymus

65) The hypothalamus is a region of the brain controlling many aspects of the endocrine system. It 65)
works closely with the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is directly superior to the pituitary and
is, therefore, ________.
A) the only region of the brain that is outside of the skull
B) inferior to the cribriform plate
C) superior to the crista galli
D) superior to the sella turcica

6
66) During concussion (a type of traumatic brain injury) the brain will move within the cranial cavity. 66)
Damage is caused to the brain as it crashes into parts of the bony cavity walls. Ironically one of the
bone markings that can cause serious damage to the brain is the ________. This is ironic because
one of the functions of this bone marking is to ________.
A) styloid process; attach to and support the hyoid bone
B) perpendicular plate; separate the left and right halves of the nasal cavity
C) crista galli; attach to the dura matter holding the brain in place
D) pterygoid processes; anchor important chewing muscles

67) Curvatures of the spine serve the body by ________. 67)


A) giving additional springiness and flexibility to the spine which absorbs shock
B) providing space for soft organs in the various body cavities
C) applying greater pressure to the intervertebral disks preventing them from slipping
D) limiting the flexibility of the spine and preventing hyperextension

68) When looking at the range of motion of the various sections of the vertebral column the ________ 68)
has the most flexibility.
A) lumbar spine B) sacral spine C) cervical spine D) thoracic spine

69) The range of motion as well as the direction of motion for the various regions of the spine differs. 69)
For example, the lumbar spine is capable of flexion and extension but little rotational movement,
while the thoracic spine rotates with little flexion or extension. This is due to variation in ________.
A) the arrangement of muscular attachment to the spinous processes
B) the thickness of the intervertebral disc
C) the orientation of the superior and inferior articular facets
D) the composition of the intervertebral disks

70) The anatomy of the thoracic cage provides ridged support and protection but at the same time is 70)
also flexible and mobile. Of the list below, which feature does NOT aid in the flexibility and
movement of the thoracic cage?
A) the sternal angle
B) the costal cartilages
C) the costal spaces occupied by costal muscle
D) the jugular notch

71) The glenohumeral joint that articulates the humerus to the pectoral girdle is a highly mobile joint. 71)
This mobility comes at a cost because ________.
A) the blood vessels that lead to the arm and hand can easily be cut off by the free range of
motion
B) these type of joints are harder to control and coordinate
C) muscles that span this mobile joint will only provide a reduced amount of power
D) the joint is relatively unstable and can easily dislocate

72) From the list below, select the least likely explanation for the relatively high mobility of the arms. 72)
A) The subscapular notch is a passageway for nerves.
B) The clavicle articulates to the axial skeleton at only the sternal end.
C) The scapula does not articulate to the axial skeleton directly.
D) The relatively open glenoid cavity of the glenohumeral joint.

7
73) The proximal end of the ulna illustrates the relationship of form and function. The rounded 73)
trochlear notch articulates with the hourglass shape of the trochlea. This forms a joint that allows
for ________.
A) the hyper extension of the forearm B) the curling of the fingers
C) the rotational motion of the forearm D) the hinge like motion of the forearm

74) The proximal end of the radius illustrates the relationship of form and function. The cup -like 74)
surface of the radial head articulates with the rounded shape of the capitulum. This forms a joint
that allows for ________.
A) the hyper extension of the forearm B) the curling of the fingers
C) the rotational motion of the forearm D) the hinge like motion of the forearm

75) The axial skeleton includes ________. 75)


A) arms, legs, hands, and feet
B) the skull, the scapula, and the vertebral column
C) the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
D) the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis

76) Which vertebra does NOT have a body? 76)


A) last cervical B) last lumbar C) atlas D) axis

77) The suture that is found where a parietal and temporal bone meet on the lateral aspect of the skull 77)
is ________.
A) sagittal B) lambdoid C) squamous D) coronal

78) The hyoid bone is unique because it ________. 78)


A) is composed of three bones joined together
B) is the only bone formed by the fusion of right and left halves
C) is the only irregular bone found in the neck
D) is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

79) Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to 79)
________.
A) protect the spinal cord B) hold the discs in place
C) hold the spine erect D) prevent hyperextension of the spine

80) What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs? 80)
A) to prevent hyperextension and allow rotation of the spine
B) to remove curvatures of the spine and provide springiness to the spinal column
C) to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine
D) to hold together the vertebra and support the body

81) Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones? 81)
A) maxillae B) nasal conchae
C) vomer D) zygomatic bones

82) Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the 82)
thoracic region?
A) kyphosis B) scoliosis C) swayback D) lordosis

8
83) Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the 83)
body?
A) the sacrum B) the cervical region
C) the sacral promontory D) the lumbar region

84) How many bones make up the adult skull? 84)


A) 5 B) 7 C) 22 D) 12

85) Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________. 85)
A) costal facets B) transverse foramina
C) no transverse processes D) no intervertebral discs

86) What is the major function of the axial skeleton? 86)


A) provide a space for the major digestive organs
B) provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement
C) provide central support for the body and protect internal organs
D) give the body resilience

87) The antebrachium is composed of which of the following two bones? 87)
A) the scapula and the clavicle B) the humerus and the radius
C) the radius and the ulna D) the humerus and the clavicle

88) The "true wrist" or carpus consists of ________. 88)


A) the metacarpals
B) a group of eight short bones united by ligaments
C) the styloid processes of the radius and ulna
D) the phalanges

89) Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsal? 89)
A) calcaneus B) cuboid
C) medial cuneiform D) lateral cuneiform

90) Which bone forms the anterior cranium? 90)


A) temporal bone B) frontal bone C) sphenoid bone D) palatine bone

91) The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure is 91)
formed between the sphenoid and ________.
A) ethmoid B) maxilla C) lacrimal D) palatine

92) Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to 92)
preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?
A) hunchback B) kyphosis C) scoliosis D) lordosis

93) How are thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 different from the other vertebrae? 93)
A) The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.
B) The spinous processes are directed parallel with the centrum.
C) The orientation of the articular processes is different from all the other thoracic vertebrae.
D) There are two foramina on vertebrae 11 and 12.

9
94) The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone? 94)
A) sphenoid B) maxilla C) ethmoid D) vomer

95) The pelvic girdle does NOT include the ________. 95)
A) pubis B) ischium C) ilium D) femur

96) Which of the following bones is NOT weight bearing? 96)


A) tibia B) talus C) femur D) fibula

97) Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus? 97)
A) lateral malleolus B) medial malleolus
C) calcaneus D) head

98) Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum? 98)
A) cribriform plate B) perpendicular plate
C) crista galli D) orbital plate

99) Which of the following is NOT a movement that can occur between vertebrae? 99)
A) flexion and extension B) supination
C) lateral flexion D) rotation

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

100) The kneecap is called the ________. 100)

101) The lateral condyle of the femur articulates with the lateral condyle of the ________. 101)

102) The medial condyle of the femur articulates with the medial condyle of the ________. 102)

103) The largest foramen in the body is the ________ foramen. 103)

104) The smallest short bone in the hand is the ________. 104)

105) The styloid process of the ________ points to the thumb. 105)

106) Only the ________ vertebrae have transverse foramina. 106)

107) The ________ is the bone confined to the septum of the nose. 107)

108) Your "cheekbone" is mostly formed from the ________ bone. 108)

109) What structure is the "missing" body of the second cervical vertebrae? 109)

110) What is the function of the lumbar curvature? 110)

111) Which vertebral curvature abnormality is the most serious? Why? 111)

10
112) What is the purpose of the vertebral curvatures? 112)

113) Why is the area just distal to the tubercles of the humerus called the surgical neck? 113)

114) What are the fontanelles and what advantages do they confer on the fetus? The mother? 114)

115) What are the subdivisions of the axial skeleton and how do they function? 115)

116) Describe the differences between the bones of the lower and upper limb and briefly state 116)
why these differences exist.

117) How are the pectoral and pelvic girdles structurally different? How is this difference 117)
reflected in their functions?

118) How do the first two cervical vertebrae differ from other cervical vertebrae? What are their 118)
functions?

119) Identify the arches of the foot and describe how they are maintained. 119)

120) Identify the four major cranial sutures in any order and the bones they connect. 120)

121) How might low back pain be related to poor abdominal muscle tone? 121)

122) If the hyoid bone is not attached to another bone why is it so important? 122)

123) What is the purpose of the articular processes of the vertebrae? 123)

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

124) After having a severe cold accompanied by nasal congestion, Jamila complained that she had a headache just
above her eyes and that the right side of her face ached. What specific bony structures probably became
infected by the bacteria or viruses causing the cold?

125) A skeleton was found in a wooded area. It was brought to a forensic medicine laboratory for identification. The
first thing the coroner did was determine the age, sex, and possible size of the person. What was examined in
order to get this information?

126) Jason is a 14-year-old who recently had his nose pierced through the nasal septum. He tells his mother that the
area is very tender and warm to the touch. The area is also red. The mother calls the pediatrician's office and
the nurse recommends that the mother bring Jason in for evaluation. The nurse explains to the mother that a
local infection can spread and cause serious harm. Where do you think the infection could spread and why?

127) Sharon is a 32-year-old horse trainer. While training a young horse, she was thrown off of the horse and
suffered a mild head injury. The nurse inquires about the use of a helmet. Sharon replies, "This is the first time I
have ever had a head injury from a horse. I don't think I need a helmet." Based on your understanding of the
skull, how should the nurse respond to the patient?

11
128) You are a school nurse in a middle school. You are responsible for screening the children for scoliosis. What is
involved in this screening?

129) When administering chest compression to someone whose heart has stopped beating, the heel of the hand
should be placed on the sternum on a line drawn between the nipples. Why would it be a problem if the hand
was placed at a lower part of the sternum?

130) Jim and his son Matthew are driving home from shopping the day after Thanksgiving and are involved in a car
accident. Jim hit his head on the dashboard resulting in a fractured C2 vertebra. What exactly does this mean
and why is it a concern to Jim's doctor?

12
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7

1) D
2) B
3) C
4) A
5) E
6) A
7) A
8) E
9) A
10) C
11) B
12) D
13) D
14) D
15) C
16) A
17) B
18) D
19) A
20) B
21) C
22) A
23) B
24) E
25) D
26) C
27) D
28) A
29) E
30) B
31) D
32) C
33) A
34) TRUE
35) TRUE
36) FALSE
37) FALSE
38) TRUE
39) TRUE
40) TRUE
41) FALSE
42) TRUE
43) TRUE
44) TRUE
45) TRUE
46) TRUE
47) TRUE
48) FALSE
49) TRUE
50) FALSE
13
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7

51) TRUE
52) FALSE
53) FALSE
54) FALSE
55) FALSE
56) TRUE
57) C
58) A
59) D
60) A
61) C
62) D
63) A
64) C
65) D
66) C
67) A
68) C
69) C
70) D
71) D
72) A
73) D
74) C
75) C
76) C
77) C
78) D
79) D
80) C
81) A
82) B
83) D
84) C
85) A
86) C
87) C
88) B
89) C
90) B
91) B
92) D
93) A
94) C
95) D
96) D
97) A
98) B
99) B
100) patella
14
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7

101) tibia
102) tibia
103) obturator
104) pisiform
105) radius
106) cervical
107) vomer
108) zygomatic
109) dens
110) It positions the weight of the trunk over the body's center of gravity, thus providing optimal balance when standing.
111) Scoliosis is the most serious abnormality, due to the pressure that can be placed on the lungs and resulting breathing
difficulties.
112) Their purpose is to increase the resilience and flexibility of the spine, allowing it to function like a spring rather than a
rigid rod.
113) This area is called the surgical neck because it is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus.
114) The fontanelles are regions of unossified, fibrous membrane in the skull allowing the cranium to grow and yet allow
bony overriding during head compression in delivery.
115) The skull, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage function to provide support and protection.
116) The lower limbs carry the weight of the body and are subjected to exceptional forces. These bones are thicker and
stronger. The upper limb bones are adapted for flexibility and mobility and are therefore smaller and lighter.
117) The pectoral girdle moves freely across the thorax and allows the upper limb a high degree of mobility, while the
pelvic girdle is secured to the axial skeleton to provide strength and support. This is why the glenoid cavity of the
scapula is relatively shallow and the acetabulum of the pelvis is a deep socket.
118) The atlas or C 1 vertebra has no body. It articulates with the skull with large curved articular surfaces to allow the skull
to rock in a "yes" motion. The axis or C 2 vertebra has a projection called the dens that allows the axis to pivot, giving
the head the "no" motion. The vertebral foramen of the atlas is enlarged so that when the head is pivoted in the "no"
motion, the spinal cord can move.
119) There are three arches: the medial and lateral longitudinal arches, and the transverse arch. Together they form a
half-cone that distributes the weight of the body. They are maintained by the shape of the foot bones, strong
ligaments, and by the pull of some tendons.
120) 1. Coronal - parietal and frontal
2. Sagittal - between the parietal bones
3. Squamous - parietal and temporal
4. Lambdoidal - parietal and occipital
121) If the abdominal muscles are weak and can't maintain contraction, the belly sags forward, increasing the amount of
lordosis. With greater curvature, the ligaments and muscles of the back undergo greater strain in order to maintain
alignment of the vertebrae and counterbalance the shift in the center of gravity.
122) The hyoid acts as an attachment point for muscles in the neck region to connect the muscles in the lower jaw region. It
allows for the muscles to make a right angle at the junction of the lower jaw and throat. The hyoid serves as a movable
base for the tongue and its horns are attachment points for neck muscles that raise and lower the larynx during speech
and swallowing.
123) These processes (superior and inferior) allow the vertebral column to flex forward some, but lock the vertebrae if the
column is flexed back and limit rotation to avoid injury to the spinal cord and its nerve roots. In a four -legged animal,
such as a horse, these processes allow the back to remain in place while you ride it.
124) The paranasal sinuses, specifically the frontal sinus located in the frontal bone and the right maxillary sinus located in
the right maxilla.

15
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7

125) By examining the shape of the pelvic inlet, the depth of the iliac fossa, the characteristics of the ilium, and the angle
inferior to the pubic symphysis, one could determine the sex. Also significant for determining the sex of the skeleton
are the position of the acetabulum, the shape of the obturator foramen, and the general design of the ischium. To
determine the age of the individual, bone density, the status of growth plates, and markings are important. The
markings where muscles were attached will reveal information about the mass and the general shape of the person.
126) Infection of nasal piercings can spread to the brain and cause serious complications. Infections in the brain may occur
because of the direct extension from ear, tooth, mastoid, or sinus infections.
127) The skull protects the brain from blows. A helmet would add extra protection in sports where there is an increased
risk for head injury.
128) Scoliosis literally means "twisted disease" and is an abnormal rotational curvature causing lateral deviation that occurs
most often in the thoracic region. It is quite common during late childhood. The nurse would need to observe the child
standing erect, disrobed from the waist up. An older girl may leave her bra on. The child is observed from behind and
the nurse would note any asymmetry of the shoulders and hips. With the child bending forward so that the back is
parallel to the floor, the nurse may observe from behind, noting tilting of the rib cage.
129) The compressions could break the xiphoid process of the sternum and drive it into the heart, diaphragm, or liver
resulting in possibly deadly complications.
130) The C2 vertebra is the second cervical vertebra, or the axis. It causes the physician to be concerned because this
vertebra has limited movement already, and also protects the spinal cord. An injury to this vertebra could also injure
the spinal cord resulting in paralysis and sometimes death.

16

Вам также может понравиться