11 

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Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

1. In the carbinol system, monohydric alcohols are named as derivatives of methyl alcohol, CH3OH (which is
known as carbinol).
2. Reactivity of alkyl halides having same halide group, but different alkyl group is tertiary > secondary >
primary.
3. H3C H3C OSO3H H3C OH
 , H2O
C = CH2 + H2SO4  C 
 H2SO4
 C
H3C (cold and CH3
H3C CH3 H3C
Isobutylene conc.)
tert-Butyl hydrogen tert-Butyl alcohol
sulphate

4. CH3CH2CHO 
H 2 / Raney Ni
 CH3CH2CH2OH
Propionaldehyde Propan-1-ol
(A)

6. The solubility of isomeric alcohols increases with increase in branching.

7. At room temperature, tertiary alcohols react with Lucas reagent readily, secondary alcohols react slowly
while primary alcohols do not react with Lucas reagent at room temperature.
8. Pyridine catalyses the reaction by neutralizing the hydrogen chloride produced.
9. Tertiary alcohols undergo oxidation under drastic conditions.
10. Alcohols which form the most stable carbocation undergo dehydration more readily. Tertiary-butyl alcohol
forms the most stable tert-butyl carbocation among the given alcohols.
CH3 CH3 CH3
11.
HCl  Anhydrous ZnCl2
CH3  C = O 
H 2 / Raney Ni
413 K
 CH3  CH  OH 
Room temperature
 CH3  CH  Cl
Propanone Propan-2-ol 2-Chloropropane
(A) (B)

12. Primary alcohols give the best yield of dialkyl ether on treatment with sulphuric acid.
13. Due to delocalization of negative charge over the ortho and para position, phenoxide ion is more stable than
phenol.
 
O O O O O

14. Br+ is the electrophile in the bromination of phenol.

15. OH O


Na 2 Cr2 O7
H 2SO4


Phenol
O
Benzoquinone

16. Phenols react with neutral FeCl3 to give purple colouration.

1
Std. XII : Triumph Chemistry 
17. OH OH OH OH

H3O , 

Sn/HCl
(Reduction)
 
NaNO2 / HCl
273 278K
 
(Hydrolysis)
NO2 NH2 (Diazotisation )
N2Cl OH
m-Nitrophenol Resorcinol

18. Due to almost identical sizes of 2p-orbitals of C and F, +R effect and I effect of F almost balance each
other, thus p-fluorophenol is almost as acidic as phenol. p-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol are more acidic
than phenol. p-nitrophenol is a much stronger acid than p-chlorophenol due to R and I effect of NO2
group.
19. Electron withdrawing groups like NO2, Cl increase the acidity of phenols while electron releasing groups
like CH3, OCH3 decrease the acidity of phenols.
20. 2R  OH 
Al2 O3
525K
 ROR + H2O
Alcohol Ether

21. OH ONa OC2H5


NaOH
 H 2O
 
C2 H5 I

 + NaI

Phenol Sodium Ethyl phenyl

phenoxide ether

22. CH3  OH + CH2N2 

HBF4

 CH3  O  CH3 + N2
Methanol Diazomethane Methoxymethane

23. C2H5  O  C2H5 + 2HI 

Hot
373K
 2C2H5  I + H2O
Diethyl ether Iodoethane