Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 9. An equilibrium mixture of SO2, O2, and SO3 gases at 1500 K is determined to consist of 0.344 mol/L SO2,
0.172 mol/L O2, and 0.56 mol/L SO3. What is the equilibrium constant for the system at this temperature? The
balanced equation for this reaction is
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g).
a. 0.41 c. 6.7
b. 2.8 d. 15
____ 10. If the pressure on the equilibrium system 2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) is increased,
a. the quantity of CO(g) increases.
b. the quantity of CO2(g) decreases.
c. the quantity of CO2(g) increases.
d. the quantities in the system do not change.
____ 11. If the temperature of the equilibrium system CH3OH(g) + 101 kJ CO(g) + 2H2(g) increases, K
a. increases. c. increases or decreases.
b. decreases. d. does not change.
____ 12. If a reaction system has come to equilibrium, it can be made to run to completion
a. only if it is not reversible. c. by removing a product.
b. only if the temperature is low enough. d. under no circumstances.
____ 13. If a soluble product forms, a reaction may run to completion
a. if the product is only slightly ionized.
b. if the product is highly soluble.
c. if the product is not gaseous.
d. under no circumstances.
____ 14. Which reaction tends to run to completion?
a. K+(aq) + (aq) KCl(s)
b. 2NO2(g) N2O4(g)
c. Ag+(aq) + (aq) AgCl(s)
d. H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
____ 15. Adding a charged particle common to two solutes decreases solute concentration. This observation
demonstrates
a. the common-ion effect. c. hydrolysis.
b. Le Châtelier's principle. d. buffering.
____ 16. The common-ion effect
a. promotes condensation. c. reduces ionization.
b. promotes evaporation. d. increases solubility.
____ 17. Adding sodium acetate to an acetic acid, CH3COOH, solution
a. increases pH and lowers [H+].
b. increases pH and raises [H+].
c. decreases pH and lowers [H+].
d. decreases pH and raises [H+].
____ 18. In the equilibrium system CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + CH3COO–(aq), which species is present
in the highest concentration at equilibrium?
a. CH3COOH
b. H3O+
c. CH3COO–
d. Equal concentrations of CH3COOH, H3O+ and CH3COO– are present.
____ 19. What is the acid-ionization expression for the ionization of acetic acid, shown in the reaction represented by
the equation CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + CH3COOH–(aq)?
a. [H3O+] [CH3COOH–] c.
b. d.
b.
c.
d.
Choose the best answer from the options that follow each question.
____ 24. In a bottle of unopened cola, the CO2 gas dissolved in the liquid is in equilibrium with the CO2 gas above the
liquid. The dissolved gas reacts with water molecules in the cola to form carbonic acid, which also dissociates
into carbon dioxide and water. Which chemical equation(s) best describe this equilibrium system?
a. CO2(g) CO2(l)
b. CO2(g) CO2(aq) and CO2(l) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq)
c. CO2(g) CO2(aq)
d. CO2(g) CO2(aq) and CO2(aq) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq)
____ 25. Which of the following would not affect the aqueous equilibrium reaction represented by the equation below?
HNO2(aq) H+(aq) + NO (aq)
a. the addition of NaNO3(s)
b. an increase in H+ concentration
c. the addition of NaNO2(s)
d. a decrease in NO concentration
____ 26. Consider the equilibrium system represented by the equation below.
H2O(l) + 2CrO (aq) Cr2O (aq) + 2OH (aq)
yellow orange
If the hydroxide ions were removed, how would the color change?
a. to darker yellow
b. to lighter orange
c. to darker orange
d. not at all
____ 27. The common-ion effect promotes
a. dissolution.
b. precipitation.
c. boiling.
d. ionization.
PART I Choose the best answer from the options that follow each question.
____ 28. What is the effect on concentration if more CO(g) is added to the following equilibrium system?
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
a. [CO2] increases and [O2] decreases.
b. Both [CO2] and [O2] increase.
c. Both [CO2] and [O2] decrease.
d. Both [CO2] and [O2] remain the same.
____ 29. A very high value for K indicates that
a. reactants are favored.
b. products are favored.
c. equilibrium is reached slowly.
d. equilibrium has been reached.
Short Answer
1. Sulfur dioxide is commonly formed by the burning of fossil fuels. It combines with additional oxygen to form
sulfur trioxide. Write an equilibrium expression for the reaction represented by the following equation.
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
2. Why are equilibrium expressions not written for reactions that go to completion?
PART III
Write the answers to the following questions in the space provided.
In the space provided, predict the effect that decreasing pressure would have on each of the following
reaction systems at equilibrium.
7. 3O2(g) 2O3(g)
PART IV Write the answers to the following problems below, and show your work in the space
provided.
9. At equilibrium a 1.0 L vessel contains 20.0 mol of H2, 18.0 mol of CO2, 12.0 mol of H2O, and 5.9 mol of CO
at 427°C. Calculate K at this temperature for the reaction described by the equation
CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g).
10. Use the reaction E + F 2G and the equilibrium concentrations 0.60 mol/L for E, 0.80 mol/L for F, and 1.30
mol/L for G to calculate the equilibrium constant. E, F, and G are all gases.
11. What is the concentration of H3O+ ions in a solution of an acid HY that ionizes to produce H3O+ and Y ions?
Ka is 4.32 10 5, and the final concentration of HY is 7.40 10 2 mol/L.
Essay
Problem
4. At 1200°C, K is 2.6 103 for the dissociation of iodine molecules. I2(g) 2I(g) If the equilibrium
concentration of I2(g) is 0.95 mol/L, what is the concentration of I(g)?
5. Calculate the H3O+ concentration in a solution of acetic acid if the concentration of molecular acetic acid
present at equilibrium is 9.97 103 M and K for the dissociation is 1.86 105. CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + CH3COO(aq)
Completion
Complete each statement.
PART II Write the correct term (or terms) in the space provided.
1. The ____________________ is the phenomenon in which the addition of a charged particle common to two
solutes decreases the solute concentration.
2. The equilibrium constant equation for the reaction NH3(g) + H2O(l) NH (aq) + OH (aq) is Kb =
____________________.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
ESSAY
1. ANS:
The fish moving back and forth between two fishbowls represent the equilibrium. The contents of the system
are constant. There are equal numbers of fish in each bowl, but they are not the same fish from moment to
moment. The number of fish moving to the bowl on the left equals the number of fish moving to the bowl on
the right.
PROBLEM
1. ANS:
COMPLETION
2. ANS: K =