PROGRAMIRANJE

 II    
OO  programiranje  
Ivica Crnković
Mälardalen  University,  Osijek  University  
Ivica.crnkovic@mdh.se  
 Object-­‐oriented  programming  
•  Objects  –  the  primary  interest  of  
programming  
–  Object-­‐oriented  Analysis  and  Design  
–  Object-­‐oriented  programming  languages  
•  C++  
•  C#  
•  Java  
•  ….  
 IDEA  of  OO  
•  Map  the  objects  from  the  real  world  to  
objects  in  soOware  
•  Example:  -­‐  a  library  system  
 IDEA  of  OO  
•  Map  the  objects  from  the  real  world  to  objects  in  
soOware  
•  Example:  -­‐  a  library  system  
–  a  computer  with  a  list  of  available  books  

–   list  of  borrowed  books,    

–  customers  

–                   librarian  
 IDEA  of  OO  
•  Example:  -­‐  a  library  system  
–  a  computer  with  a  list  of  available  books  
–   list  of  borrowed  books,    
–  Customers  
–  librarian  

Library   Librarian   Book   Customer   List????  

 Objects  
•  Every  objects  has  
–  AUributes  
•   (data  that  describe  the  object)  
–  Services/acZviZes/methods  
•  AcZviZes  (funcZons)  that  an  object  can  do  
 Object  -­‐  AUributes  
•  Example:  -­‐  Librarian  
Librarian  
UserName  
Password  
Name  
LastName  
E-­‐Mail  
Telephone  
ExperZse  
 Object  -­‐  AUributes  
•  Example:  -­‐  Customer  
Customer  
UserName  
Password  
Name  
LastName  
E-­‐Mail  
Telephone
Membreship  
*Borrowed  books  
 Object  -­‐  AUributes  
•  Example:  -­‐  Book  
Book  
Author  
Title  
ISBN  
Publisher
Cathegory
Number_borrowed  
Borrowed  
 Object  -­‐  AUributes  
•  Example:  -­‐  Library  
Library  

*Books  
*Customers  
*Librarians  
 Object  -­‐  Methods  
•  Example:  -­‐  Librarian  
Librarian  
UserName  
Password  
Name  
LastName  
E-­‐Mail  
Telephone  
ExperZse  

registerNewCcustomer  
registerNewBook  
borrow_book  
return_book  
getPersonalData  
setPersonalData  
getExperZse  
setExperZse  
 Object  -­‐  Methods  
•  Example:  -­‐  Customer  
Customer  
UserName  
Password  
Name  
LastName  
E-­‐Mail  
Telephone  
RegistraZon_date  
*Borrowed_books  

listBorrowedBooks  
getPersonalData  
setPersonalData  
getRegistraZonData  
getRegistraZonDate  
isMembershipValid  
 Object  -­‐  AUributes  
•  Example:  -­‐  Book  
Book  

Author  
Title  
ISBN  
Publisher  
Borrowed  

isBorrowed  
setBorrowed  
getBookData  
getBookData  
 
 Object  -­‐  AUributes  
•  Example:  -­‐  Library  
Library  

*Books  
*Customers  
*Librarians  

listBooks  
addBook  
removeBook  
addCustomer  
removeCustomer  
addLibrarian  
removeLinbrarian  
listexpiredCustomers  
 
 Object  -­‐  Inheritance  
•  Example:  -­‐  Librarian  &  Customer  
Librarian   Customer  
UserName  
UserName  
Password  
Password  
Name  
Name  
LastName  
LastName  
E-­‐Mail  
E-­‐Mail  
Telephone  
Telephone  
RegistraZon_date  
ExperZse  
*Borrowed_books  
registerNewCcustomer   listBorrowedBooks  
registerNewBook   getPersonalData  
borrow_book   setPersonalData  
return_book   getRegistarZonData  
getPersonalData   getRegistarZonDate  
setPersonalData   isRegistarZonValid  
getExperZse  
setExperZse  
 Object  -­‐  Inheritance  
User  
UserName  
Password  
Name  
LastName  
E-­‐Mail  
Telephone  
getPersonalData  
setPersonalData  

Librarian   Customer  
ExperZse   RegistraZon_date  
registerNewCcustomer   *Borrowed_books  
registerNewBook  
listBorrowedBooks  
borrow_book  
getRegistarZonData  
return_book  
getRegistarZonDate  
getExperZse  
isRegistarZonValid  
setExperZse  
 Object  vs.  Classes  
•  Class  –  defines  a  form  of  an  object    
•  Object  –  an  instance  of  a  class  
!"#$%&'()
!"#$%&'#(
)&""*+$,(
%&'#(
-&".%&'#(
/01&23(
!"#$%&'()
4#3#56+7#(
!"#$%&'#( *'+,#$(-.%/01-$')
)&""*+$,( 2%((%3'1)4%%5#6)
Customer    Ivica;  
%&'#(
-&".%&'#( 7,#$2%((%3'12%%5#)
/01&23(
8#.)#$"+7&39&.&(
4#3#56+7#(
*'+,#$(-.%/01-$') Customer  Franjo;   "#.)#$"+7&39&.&(
2%((%3'1)4%%5#6) +'$*'+,#$-(.%/8-$-)
7,#$2%((%3'12%%5#)   +'$*'+,#$-(.%/8-$')
8#.)#$"+7&39&.&( ,#*'+,#$-(.%/9-7,1)
"#.)#$"+7&39&.&(
+'$*'+,#$-(.%/8-$-)  
 
+'$*'+,#$-(.%/8-$') !"#$%&'()
,#*'+,#$-(.%/9-7,1)
!"#$%&'#(
New  Customer;   )&""*+$,(
%&'#(
-&".%&'#(
/01&23(
4#3#56+7#(
*'+,#$(-.%/01-$')
2%((%3'1)4%%5#6)

7,#$2%((%3'12%%5#)
8#.)#$"+7&39&.&(
"#.)#$"+7&39&.&(
+'$*'+,#$-(.%/8-$-)
+'$*'+,#$-(.%/8-$')
,#*'+,#$-(.%/9-7,1)
 OO  Programming  
•  C++  
•  Java  
•  C#  
•  ObjecZveC  
•  Python…  
–  Similar  in  principles  –  different  in  syntaxes  and  
details  
 OO  Programming  
•  Tools  
–  gcc  or  g++  compilers  
–  Eclipse  
–  CodeBlocks
–  VisualStudio  
Eclipse  
CodeBlocks  
Print  and  read  in  C++  
 Output:  

159;  
 Example  Clock  
Clock  

Hour  
Minute  
Second  

get_hours  
get_minutes  
get_seconds  
display  
reset  
Tick  
Clock()  
Clock(int  h,  int  m,  int  s)  
 
 Class  DefiniZon  

class  Name  {  
public:  
       declara*on  of  visible  member  func*ons  and  data  members  
private:    
     declara*on  of  hidden  member  func*ons  and  data  members  
};  
 Class  Clock  
class Clock {!
public: !
Clock ();!
Clock ( int hour, int min, int sec);!
void set ( int hour, int min, int sec);!
int read_hour () {return h;}!
int read_min () {return m;}!
int read_sec () {return s;}!
void write (bool write_sec=true);!
void tick ();!
private:!
int hh, mm, ss;!
};!
 Class  Clock  constructors    
Clock::Clock () !
{ hh=0; mm=0; ss=0;}!
!
!
Clock::Clock ( int hour, int min, int sec)!
{ hh=hour; mm=min; ss=sec;}!
 Class  Clock  member  funcZons  
void Clock::set ( int hour, int min, int sec);!
{!
hh=hour; mm=min; ss=sec;!
};!
!
void Clock::write (bool write_sec=true)!
{!
cout << setw(2) << setfill(‘0’) << hh << “:” !
<< setw(2) << setfill(‘0’) << mm;!
if (write_sec)!
<< setw(2) << setfill(‘0’) << ss; !
};!
!
!
 Class  Clock  member  funcZons  
void Clock::tick()!
{!
ss = (ss+1) % 60;!
if (ss == 0)!
{!
mm = (mm+1) % 60;!
if (mm == 0)!
hh = (hh+1) % 24;!
}!
};!
!
!
 CreaZng  objects  
Clock k1;!
Clock k2 (8,25,3);!
Clock k3 = Clock(12,11,3);!
!
Clock *p1, *p2; // pointers to Clock objects!
!
p1 = new Clock;!
p2 = new Clock (2,8, 34);!
!
 class  Array  

Data  
size  

size  
 a:   Data   ??  
size  

b:   Data   ??  
size  
Int Array:: length () const { // when the function is defined outside the class
 More  methods  
double Array::getArray ( int i ) { // get array element!
!
if ( i < size )!
return (data[i]);!
else {!
cout << “Wrong index “ << i << endl;!
return 0;!
}!
}!
!
Void Array::putArray ( int i, double d ) { // get array element!
!
if ( i < size )!
data[i] = d;!
else !
cout << “Wrong index “ << i << endl;!
return;!
}!
!
Example  –  using  objects  
#include <iostream>!
using namespace std;!
int main () {!
Array a(25);!
int l = a.lenght();!
double d =0.0;!
for (int i=0; i < l; i++) {!
a.putArray(i, d);!
d=d+1;!
}!
}!

a:   Data   0.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
25  

24.0  
Example  –  using  objects  
#include <iostream>!
using namespace std;!
int main () {!
Array a(25);!
int l = a.lenght();!
double d =0.0;!
for (int i=0; i < l; i++) {!
a.putArray(i, d);!
d=d+1;!
}!
a.putArray(0,30.0);!
}!
a:   Data   30.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
25  

24.0  
Example  –  using  objects  
#include <iostream>!
using namespace std;!
int main () {!
Array a(25);!
int l = a.lenght();!
double d =0.0;!
for (int i=0; i < l; i++) {!
a.putArray(i, d);!
d=d+1;!
}!
a.putArray(0, 30.0);!
cout << a.getArray(0) << a.getArray(1) << endl;!
}!

Output:  
30.0        1.0  
 Example  –  using  objects  
#include <iostream>!
using namespace std;!
int main () {!
Array a(25), b(25);!
int l = a.lenght();!
double d =0.0;!
for (int i=0; i < l; i++) {!
a.putArray(i, d);!
d=d+1;!
}!
b = a;!
cout << “a: “ << a.getArray(0) !
<< “b: “ << b.getArray(0) << endl;!
}!

Output:  
a:  0.0      b:    0.0  
 Example  –  using  objects  
#include <iostream>!
using namespace std;!
int main () {!
Array a(25);!
int l = a.lenght();!
double d =0.0;!
for (int i=0; i < l; i++) {!
a.putArray(i, d);!
d=d+1;!
}!
Array b = a;!
b.putArray(0, 50.0);!
cout << “a: “ << a.getArray(0) !
<< “b: “ << b.getArray(0) << endl;!
}!

Output:  
a:  50.0      b:    50.0  
Example  –  using  objects  
a:   Data   0.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
25  

Array b = a;! 24.0  

b:   Data  
25  

Output:   Shallow  copy  

a:  50.0      b:    50.0  
It  acZvates  by  assignment    (like  b  =  a)        

Or!
Array::Array (cost Array& a): size(a.size) {!
 a:   Data   0.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
25  

Array b = a;! 24.0  

b:   Data   0.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
25  

24.0  
 Example  –  using  objects  
#include <iostream>!
using namespace std;!
int main () {!
Array a(25);!
int l = a.lenght();!
double d =0.0;!
for (int i=0; i < l; i++) {!
a.putArray(i, d);!
d=d+1;!
}!
Array b = a;!
b.putArray(0, 50.0);!
cout << “a: “ << a.getArray(0) !
<< “b: “ << b.getArray(0) << endl;!
}!

Output:  
a:  0.0      b:    50.0  
What  happens  when  we  delete  an  object;  
 
 
delete  a;  

????  

a:   Data   0.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
25  

24.0  
What  happens  when  we  delete  an  object;  
 
 
delete  a;  

a:   Data   0.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
25  

24.0  
 Example  –  using  objects  
#include <iostream>!
using namespace std;!
int main () {!
Array a(25), b(25);!
int l = a.lenght();!
double d =0.0;!
for (int i=0; i < l; i++) {!
a.putArray(i, d);!
d=d+1;!
}!
! b = a;! This  is  an  assignment    -­‐  not  a  copy!  
!
b.putArray(0, 50.0);!
cout << “a: “ << a.getArray(0) !
<< “b: “ << b.getArray(0) << endl;!
}!

Output:  
a:  50.0      b:    50.0  
 n  “=“  
i t   mea
s  
at  doe
Example  –  using  objects  
ent    de
fi n i Z o n  (wh
n   a s s ignm
s  is   a
Thia:   Data   0.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
25  
To  avoid  problems  when  wriZng  a  =  a;  
b = a;! 24.0  

b:   Data  
25  

Output:  
a:  50.0      b:    50.0  
 What  does+  mean  
We  define  it  as  “concatenate”  
 a:   Data   0.0  
a:   Data   0.0  
25   1.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
2.0  
25  

24.0  
24.0  
50  
0.0  
b:   Data   0.0  
1.0  
25   1.0  
2.0  
2.0  
25  

Array c! 24.0  
c = a + b;! 24.0