Apm 2018 PDF

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON
ADVANCEMENTS IN POLYMERIC MATERIALS
9th in the series....
Marching Towards Technological Development
Abstracts
Organised By :
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials

R & D wing of CIPET......
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
CHAIRMAN
Shri. Rajeev Kapoor, I.A.S. INTERNATIONAL MEMBERS
Secretary to Government of India & Dr. Tomas K. Tsotsis, The Boeing Company, USA
President- CIPET Governing Council Dr. Suprakas Sinha Ray, Council for Scientific and
Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals (DCPC) Industrial Research, South Africa
Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers
Prof. Dr. A.L Leao, Sao Paulo State University, Brazil
Shastri Bhavan, New Delhi.
Prof. Myung Ho Kim, Hannam University, South Korea
CO-CHAIRPERSONS Prof. Mohammed Jawaid, Putra University, Malaysia
Prof. K Kanny, Durban University of Technology, South Africa
Smt. Meenakshi Gupta
Dr. Manas Bob Chatterjee, GXT Green Inc., USA
Additional Secretary & FA to Government of India.
Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers,
INDUSTRY MEMBERS
Smt. Aparna S. Sharma Plastindia Foundation
Joint Secretary to Government of India All India Plastics Manufacturers' Association (AIPMA)
Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE), Mumbai
Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers Indian Plastic Federation (IPF), Kolkata
Chemicals and Petrochemicals Manufacturers Association (CPMA)
Organization of Plastic Processors of India (OPPI)
M/s Reliance Industries Limited
CONVENER M/s E-Parisaraa Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru
M/s SABIC Technology Center, Bengaluru
Prof. (Dr.) S K Nayak M/s Boeing Research & Technology India, Bengaluru
Director General, CIPET M/s ITC Ltd., Bengaluru
CIPET Head Office, Orissa Plastics Manufacturers Association (OPMA)
Guindy, Chennai.
NATIONAL MEMBERS
Shri. Arun Agarwal, Director (PC), DCPC, New Delhi
Shri. Prannoy Sharma, Director (PC), DCPC, New Delhi
Shri. O.P. Sharma, Joint Industrial Adviser, DCPC, New Delhi
Shri. D.V. Prasad, I.A.S, Additional Chief Secretary, C & ID, Karnataka
Prof. G.D.Yadav, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai
Prof. A. K. Ghosh, IIT Delhi
Prof. Sabu Thomas, MG University, Kottayam
Prof. Susanta Banerjee, IIT Kharagpur
Prof. Kamal K Kar, IIT Kanpur
Prof. Arup R Bhattacharyya, IIT Mumbai
Prof. K Ravichandran, MIT, Chennai
Prof. Alok Satapathy, NIT, Rourkela
Prof. Rani Joseph, CUSAT, Cochin
Prof. Swapna Mohapatra, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar
Dr. Susheel Kalia, Army Cadet College Wing, IMA Dehradun
Dr. Shailaja D, CSIR-IICT Hyderabad
Dr. M. Abdul Kader, APPDRL, CIPET, Bengaluru
Dr. P S G Krishnan, CIPET-HLC, Bhubaneswar
Dr. Smita Mohanty, LARPM, CIPET, Bhubaneswar
Shri. Joseph Bensingh, ARSTPS, CIPET, Chennai
CONTENTS
PLENARY LECTURES
1. The state of the WPC (wood-plastic composites) in the Brazilian market 02

Alcides L. Leao
2. Current advancement of biocomposites in our composite research group 03

Krishnan Kanny
3. “WIPO GREEN” – global system for the transfer of environmental sound technologies 04
Yorimasa Suwa
4. Polymer-based nanoengineered materials with immense techno-socio-economic impact 05

Suprakas Sinha Ray
5. Polymer nano composites and bioactivities: advances in textile for defence and security 06
Ashok Vaseashta
6. Advances in polymeric materials for infection control and prevention 07

Sudip Ray
7. Mechanical characterization of polymeric materials at macro-, micro-, and nano-scales 08

Esteban Broitman
8. Emerging utility of light induced processes for macromolecular synthesis 09

Yusuf Yagci
9. Catalyzing plastic innovation in a circular economy model: lightweight auto-parts to green packaging 10
Amar K. Mohanty
10. Role of biocarbon in next generation advanced manufacturing: challenges and opportunities for 11
transitioning to a low-carbon economy
Manjusri Misra
11. Recycling for sustainability 12

Dwarkanath Dattatraya Kale
12. Nanostructured thermoset blends compatibilized with an amphiphilic block copolymer 13

Ramanan Krishnamoorti
13. Polymer through curiosity, vision and knowledge 14

Ajit Kumar Banthia
14. Opportunities and challenges for the plastics sector in a circular economy 15
Ranganath K. Shastri
INVITED LECTURES
15. Biodegradable composite from polymethyl methacrylate and cellulose from bagasse 17
Mahuya Das and Debarati Mitra
16. Innovation in healthcare for india: role of polymeric biomaterials 18

Alok R Ray
17. Renewable fuels, chemicals, and materials from lignocellulose: relating plant to cell wall properties to 20
processing outcomes
David Hodge
18. Nano functionalization of polymer surfaces for biomedical applications 21

Bhuvanesh Gupta, Amlan Gupta and Sadiya Anjum
19. Polymers for intraocular lens application 22

Shekharam Tammishetti
20. Design and application of sequential interpenetrating polymers termed 'dual network hydrogels' for 23
biomedical applications
Sanjukta Deb
21. Designing of nano gold imprinted polyacrylamide/cellulose hydrogels for drugs delivery 24
Sarat K Swain
22. Mesoporous and hollow polymers nanostructure for drug delivery 26

Paik Pradip
23. Effect of buckling analysis of biocompatible polymer based microneedle for transdermal drug delivery 28
B.K.Gnanavel, Radhika C and N. Raja Rajeswari
24. Break through applications of polymer based nanotechnology in plastic surgery 29

Bansidhar Mulia and Biswabandita Kar
25. Nature: a great supplier of green polyol for PU 32

Pablo Martinez Cecias R
26. Graphene based nanostructured materials for energy applications 33

Veera Sadhu
27. Advancements in exible energy storage devices through novel polymeric electrodes and electrolytes 34
Sudha J Devaki
28. Durable, efcient and exible piezoelectric nanogenerator from electrospun PANI/HNT/PVDF 35
nanocomposite
S. Anandhan, Mohammed Khalifa, Arunjunairaj Mahendran
29. Organic solar cells: challenges in materials design and devices 36

Amaresh Mishra
30. Development of isotropic epoxy based thermal conductive adhesive for sensor interconnection 37
applications
Manoj Kumar Gupta
31. Fabrication and physico-chemical properties of glass fabric-multifunctional epoxy resin composite 38
P. H. Parsaniaand Jignesh P. Patel
32. Production of polymeric biocomposites using enzymatically treated riceby-product as reinforcement 39

Susheel Kalia, Micaela Vannini, Grazia Totaro, Paola Marchese, Annalisa Tassoni, Marcello Salvatore Lenucci,
Matteo Lamborghini, Laura Sisti, Annamaria Celli
33. Exploring blast furnace slag as a potential ller in polymer composites 40
Prasanta Kumar Padhi
34. Development of efcient and eco-friendly polymeric superabsorbent by radiation assisted biomikking for 42
toxic organic and oily substance separation
Subhendu Ray Chowdhury
35. Azide-alkyne click chemistry: a useful tool in synthesis of functional polymer materials 43
Shailaja Donempudi
36. Delamination effects of critical buckling load in glass ber re-inforced epoxy composite laminate 44
S. Prakash and J. Lillymercy
37. Synthesis tailor-made imine functionalized BAc-b-GMA copolymers as dispersing agent by raft 45
polymerization for water based paint formulation
R. N. Jagtap and S. U. Chambhare
38. Block copolymer modied cellulose through controlled method of polymerization 46

Kailash C Gupta
39. Novel phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin 47

S. Ananda Kumar, V. Madhumitha, B. Asaithambi and D. Rajagopal
40. High performance polymers: Polyimide chemistry to applications 48

H. S. Patel
41. Fluorosilicones: High performance polymers having resistance to corrosive acidic conditions 49
Gouri. C, Indulekha. K, Ninan K.N, Rajeev. R.S
42. Innovations in polymer nanocomposite coatings for EMI shielding applications 51

Mangala Joshi
43. Nanocomposite coatings on transparent plastics for improved mechanical and optical properties 53
R. Subasri
44. Polymers with cardo units and membranes thereof for efcient gas separation 54
Susanta Banerjee
45 Polymer blends, alloys and composites – renaissance for applications in upcoming sector 56
N. Siva Prasad
46. Silicone: Opening a new dimension for high end application of polymeric materials 58
Satyaban Jena
47. Mechanical, thermal and dielectric behavior of hybrid ller polymer composites for microelectronic 60
applications
Alok Satapathy
48. Inorganic-organic hybrid geopolymer: A new generation material for tailored properties 62
Sanjay Kumar
49. Energy absorption of jute/kevlar ber hybrid epoxy composites 63

M.N.M.Ansari and Zeid Fadel Albahash
50. Recent advances in MWCNT based electrochemical biosensors 64
Jogeswari Rout
51. Role of clay-based polymeric nanocomposites in re retardant technology 65

Prafulla Kumar Sahoo
52. The growth and applications of the wonder material: Graphene and beyond 66
Dipankar Chattopadhyay
53. Assessment of fracture toughness of nano clay lled polymer composite using indentation method 68
Venkateshwaran .N
54. Novel strategy for synthesis of bionanocomposites 69

Anjali Bajpai and Maya Sharma
55. Towards designing controlled soft nanostructures from peptide and single chain polymer 71
Asish Pal, Ashmeet Singh, Jojo P. Joseph and Deepika Gupta
56. Carbon nanostructures based polymer composites for EMI shielding 73

Veena Choudhary
57. Understanding barrier at multiple length-scales for advanced packaging applications: Insights from 74
computational chemistry and FEM tortuosity models
Bhaskar Patham
58. ITC well being out of waste 76

Manatesh Chakraborty
59. Implementing high quality plastic recycling to implement livelihoods and decrease pollution in the 78
informal sector of bangalore – practical lessons and experiences
Almack Andrew and Gasser Michael
60. Fabrication of syntactic foam from thermal power plant waste 79

Biswabandita Kar
61. Plastic waste management – challenges and opportunities 81

Lakshmi Raghupathy
62. Role of IPR in commercialization of technology-role of NRDC 82

Bijay K Sahu
63. Hyperbranched polymers in waste water treatment and Hg2+sensing 86

Abhijit Bandyopadhyay , Tamalika Das and Srijoni Sengupta
64. Small angle scattering techniques for soft materials and smart materials 88
Narayan Chandra Das
65. Schiff's base containing alcohol promoted aniline to organic solvent dispersible highly crystalline 90
polyaniline salt for uorescent, exible electrode and corrosion protection
S. Palaniappan and G. Ramesh
66. Polymer nanocomposites as smart nanomaterials and its application in high response gas sensors 92
Navinchandra G Shimpi
67. Development of femoral component of human knee joint for three dimensional printing application – case 93
study V.Muthukumar and P.Gopinathan
68. Smart material revolutionize the automobile industry 94

Subhra Mohanty and Virendrakumar Gupta
69. Graphene based materials: A future perspective for shape memory smart polymers 95
Satyendra Mishra, Mrudul Sisodia and Prashant Khobragade
70. Self-Assembled Cardanol Azo Derivatives as Antifungal Agent with Chitin-Binding Ability 96
Golok B. Nando
71. Thinking Rheo-logically-Aspects of Polymer Foam Processability. 97

Anup K. Ghosh
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
BIOMACROMOLECULES
72. Interaction of coumarin dye with enzyme, pH, and salt responsive biopolymeric supra-amphiphiles 101
Lakshmi Priya Datta, Subharanjan Biswas, Mahuya Das and Tapan Kumar Das
73. Study on silver gelatin bionanocomposite 102

Tanmoy Dutta, Asoke P. Chattopadhyay, Debashis Chakraborty, Keka Sarkar, Tanima Paul and Mahuya Das
74. An analysis on biodegradable natural bre accoustics for noise reduction by lmpedance tube 104
Bijaya Bijeta Nayak and Suchismita Sathpathy
75. Application of Block Copolymer Micelles as Drug Delivery Agents 105

Tejas P. Joshi
76. A simple technique for the synthesis of dye encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles 106
Manosree Chatterjee, Abhiram Hens, Nibedita Mahata and Nripen Chanda
77. Green composites from nitrile butadiene rubber and chicken feather ber 107
C. Rajesh and P. Divia
78. Synthesis and characterization of glucose, galactose and mannose based glycopolymer architectures 108
and their biological applications
N. Naga Malleswara Rao, Palodkar Krushna Kaduba, Avishek Rauniyar and A. V. Sesha Sainath
79. Curcumin encapsulated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as stimuli responsive drug delivery system 110
and their interaction with biomimetic environment
Ashish Tiwari, Ashutosh Singh, Neha Garg and Jaspreet Kaur Randhawa
80. A comparison study of structural and thermal properties of few electron beam irradiated biopolymers 111
N. Rajeswara Rao, S.V.S. Ramana Reddy, T. Venkatappa Rao and B. Sanjeeva Rao
81. Development of antimicrobial polyethylene terephthalate sutures: a fascinating approach 112

Sadiya Anjum, Amlan Gupta and Bhuvanesh Gupta
82. Effect of processing parameter on the surface and mechanical properties of porous pla scaffold 113
Pooja Bhati, Ramya Ahuja and Naresh Bhatnagar
83. Polymersomes and their Interaction with Model Plasmatic Proteins 114
Anitha C Kumar
84. A Study on Controlled Release of Ibuprofen Drug from pH-Responsive Agar-g-Poly Vinyl Alcohol 116
Hydrogel
Divya Ottoor
85. Enzyme Responsive Drug Release from Micro/Nano Capsules 117
Jasaswini Tripathy
ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE
86. Synthesis, electrical conductivity, and dielectric behaviour of polyaniline doped with H2SO4; HCl and 119
(Conc. HCl + NaNO2 Mixture): A comparative study with acetone washing
Jayashree Mohanty, Sruti Ranjan Mishra and Shahid Anwar
87. Chicken feather rachis derived novel mesoporous activated carbon electrocatalyst for oxygen 121
reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Alekha Tyagi and Kamal K Kar
88. Preparation and ion transport studies of a new PEO-PVP blended solid polymer electrolyte 123
Angesh Chandra, Alok Bhatt and Archana Chandra
89. Hot-pressed silver ion conducting polymer electrolytes: synthesis and battery fabrication 124
Archana Chandra, Kiran Thakur, Angesh Chandra and Alok Bhatt
90. Role of counter anions on Li+ Ion conductivity of PEO-graphene oxide based NCPEs 125
Jagdeep Mohanta, Smith Sagar Satapathy and Satyabrata Si
91. Development of poly (vinylidene uoride) and polyaniline conductive blend for dielectric applications 126
Debashish Meher and Bibhu Prasad Sahoo
92. Molecular Semiconductors for Highly Stable Electronic Devices with Polymeric Gate Dielectric 127
Amit Kumar
93. Dielectric Relaxation Behaviour of Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Carbon Nanoller Based 128
Conductive Nanocomposites
N. K. Hota, G. Sahu, J. Tripathy and B. P. Sahoo
94. Electrospun PVDF-HFP/Lithium Garnet Hybrid Membrane Electrolyte for All Solid State Lithium 129
-Ion Batteries
Dheeraj Kumar Maurya and Subramania Angiah
95. Sulfonated Copolyimides as Polyelectrolytes for Microbial Fuel Cell Application: Synthesis, Proton 130
Conductivity and Water Stability
Anaparthi Ganesh Kumar, Asheesh Singh, Hartmut Komber, Brigitte Voit, Bikash Ranjan Tiwari, Md. Tabish
Noori, Makarand M. Ghangrekar and Susanta Banerjee
96. Mechanical Characterization of Insitu Generated Al2O3 within the PES Matrix 132
S.Shukla, R.Bajpai
FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
97. Radiation Grafted Cellulose Based Functional Adsorbent for Treatment of Dye Wastewater 134
Swarnima Rawat, Virendra Kumar, Nilanjal Misra, S. Shelkar, N.K. Goel, and L.Varshney
98. Hydrolytically Stable Transition Metal Stearates as Efcient Curing Accelerators for Ring Opening 136
Polymerization of Cardanol Based Benzoxazine
Pratibha Sharma, Devendra Kumar and Prasun Kumar Roy
99. Material Hybridization with Enhanced Biodegradability by the Incorporation of Modied Nanosilica 137
From Rice Husk into Starch/LDPE Matrix
Yogesh, Poulami Ghosh, Deepshikha Datta and Bimal Das
100. Rheological Investigations of Solvent Effect on Microbrillated Cellulose Used for Functional Material 139
Sweta Sarangi and Suresh Kumar Yatirajula
101. Effect of Low Dose gamma Radiation on Phthalatefree PVC Dyed Film Dosimeter 140
Oberoi P. R., Maurya C. B. and Mahanwar P. A.
102. UHTC Fabrication, Characterization and Prototype Development 141

Krishna kant Mourya, Suresh Kumar and N. Eswara Prasad
103. Medium Optimization for Improving Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production Through Response Surface 142
Methodology
Shivani Singhal and Sourish Bhattacharya
104. Thermal Modication of Mango Wood (Mangifera Indica) and Evaluation of its Properties 143
Giridhar B. N, Sanjay Gorai and K. K. Pandey
105. Rheological-Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Hybrid Composites 144

Sameeksha Raizada, Jatinder Singh Dhaliwal and Gurpreet Singh Kapur
106. Multi Machining Characteristics Optimization in Wire-EDM Process Using Desirability Function 145
Analysis
P.C.Padhi
107. Different PVA-Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum Irradiated Carbon Nanotube Membranes for Different 146
Application
Tridib Bhunia
108. Viscoelastic and Thermal Properties of Electrolytic Grade Iron Powder Filled Polypropylene 147
Composite
S.D. Gaikwad, R.K.Goyal and C.V.Kale
109. Effect of Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of Arecanut Fiber Polypropylene Composite 148
Kowshigha .K .R, Deepaveni Subramaniam, Shakti Chauhan and Pankaj Aggarwal
110. Evaluation of Mechanical and Flame Resistant Behavior of Surface Treated Coir Fiber Reinforced 149
Polymer Composites
Archana Babu S and Sunil K Narayankutty
111. Effect of Polyaniline (PANI) Decorated Carbon Nanotube and Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid Nanollers 150
on the Dielectric Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Nanocomposites
Satyabhama Sahu, Amrita Pritam Sahoo, Ramakrishna D. S. and Aruna Kumar Barick
112. Use of Analytical Methods to Solve Motorcycle Polypropylene Seat Base Cracking 151
Ganesh Garkhedkar and Amit Bhasme
113. Composite Products for Strategic Applications----A Progressive Journey at BEL 152
Nitin Sanap, Nilesh Bhawsar, Kamil B.,K.K. Sisodia, Satish Aspat, S. Bhaumik, S C Saikrishnan and A. K.
Atta
114. Synthesis, Characterization and Proton Exchange Properties of New Crosslinked Sulfonated 154
Polytriazoles
Sayantani Saha, Anaparthi Ganesh Kumar, Md. Tabish Noori, Susanta Banerjee, Makarand Madhao
Ghangrekar, Hartmut Komber and Brigitte Voit
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
115. Fabrication of ZnO Nanoparticle and Chitosan-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Polymer Composites with 157
Improved Thermal and Optical Properties
Santosh Kumar, Rahman Md. Morshedur and Joonseok Koh
116. Studies in Effect of Electron Beam and Chemical Crosslink on Electrical Properties of 158
PP:EPDM:LDPE Ternary Blends
Chandan Ashokrao Fuke and Mahanwar P A
117. Methionine Based Polymer Coated Stimuli Responsive Cationic Silver Nanoparticles 159
Sanchita Nandy, Lakshmi Priya Datta and Mahuya Das
118. Preparation of Phosphorous Containing Fire Retardant Silica for Vinyl Ester Resin 160
Vibha Shree, Nitish Kumar, Gyan Vardhan and A. K. Sen
119. Structural and Micromechanical Study of Polymer Blends of Polyphenylene Oxide and Polystyrene 161
(PPO:PS)
Beena Rai, J.M. Keller and Rakesh Bajpai
120. Polyurea Coatings for Blast Mitigation: Evolution of Structural and Mechanical Properties 162
Nahid Iqbal, Devendra Kumar and Prasun Kumar Roy
121. Establishment of Spray Skin Process to Achieve Desired Mechanical Properties 163
Ganesh Garkhedkar, Sunil Joshi and Subhash Chakote
122. Dispersion of Nanoclay Platelets on Starch Grafted Polyethylhexylacrylate/ Polyvinylalcohol 164

Nanocomposite Thin lms
Kalyani Prusty and Sarat K Swain
123. Studies in Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Recycled PC and Virgin PC Filled 166
Composite and its Compatibilization
Rohit S. Tarade and Prakash A. Mahanwar
124. Effect of Mechanical Properties and Free Vibration Characteristics of Hybrid Composite Beams 167
R.Vigithra, S.Prakash and A.Krishnamoorthy
125. Design and Optimization of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (Shawt) Blade by Using ABS 168
Material
Manoj Kumar Chaudhary, S. Prakash and A. Krishnamoorthy
126. Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Filled with Red Mud and Coal Mine Overburden 169
Material
Prithika Das, M.K.Mishra and Alok Satapathy
NANOTECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION
127. Development of Selenium Based Curing Agent and Nanocomposite Materials 171
D.Rajagopal, Attif Mujthaba, J.Premkumar and Ananda Kumar Srinivasan
128. Exploration the Efcacy of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot Based Nanomaterial as 172
Nanocargo in Cancer Therapeutic Application
Sriparna De, Kartik Patra, Aditi Dey, Joytirmoy Maiti, Dipak Rana and Dipankar Chattopadhyay
129. Thermal Characterization of Nano Composites Prepared from DGEBA Epoxy Matrix and Nano 173
CaCO3
Manoj Kumar Shukla, Archana Mishra, Kavita Srivastava, and Deepak Srivastava
130. Synthesis, Characterization, Swelling Behavior and Antimicrobial Activities of Poly 174
(N-Cyclohexylacrylamide- co- Acrylamide-co-2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl Propane Sulphonic Acid Sodium
Salt) ZnO Nanocomposite Hydrogels
K.Bharathi and P.Pazhanisamy
131. Effect on Compressive Properties of MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond Hybrid Epoxy Composites 175

Baljit Singh and Akash Mohanty
132. Flexible Solid State Symmetric Supercapacitor Devices By Copper Phthalocyanine Nanowire 176
Madhupriya Samanta, Moumita Mukherjee, Promita Howli, Uttam Kumar Ghorai and Kalyan
K.Chattopadhyay
133. Epoxy/Nano CaCO3 and Epoxy/Nano Al2O3 Nano Composites: A Comparison Study of Mechanical 178
Properties
Archana Mishra, Manoj Kumar Shukla, Kavita Srivastava, and Deepak Srivastava
134. Facile Synthesis of rGO/CuPc Nanocomposite and its Application in Cold Cathode Emission 179
Moumita Mukherjee, Madhupriya Samanta, Uttam Kumar ghorai, Gour P.Das and Kalyan K. Chattopadhyay
135. Synthesis and Characterization of Polyimide and its Functionalized SiO2 Nanocomposite 181
Bharath P, Arun S and Saroja Devi M
136. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (N-Tert-Amylacrylamide - Co -Acrylamide / 182

[3-(Methacryloylamino) Propyl] Trimethylammonium Chloride) Gold Nanocomposite Hydrogel
E.Kayalvizhy and P.Pazhanisamy
137. Inuence of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube on Mechanical And Tribological Properties of Natural 183
Rubber
P. Jawahar, I. Sharon Marishka, V. Chandran
138. Improved Tensile Strength of DL-PLA/ZnO Nanocomposites for Potential Application(S) 185
M. K. Panigrahi and Debabrat Pradhan
139. Structure Development, Thermal Behaviour of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)-Expanded Graphite 186
Nanocomposites
B.T.S. Ramanujam and C. Gopalakrishnan
140. Study of Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Electron Beam-Cured Single walled carbon nanotube Based 188
Ethylene Acrylic Elastomer and Thermoset Polyurethane Blend Nanocomposites
Namita Karna, Deba Kumar Tripathy and Bibhu Prasad Sahoo
141. TiO2-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as an Efcient Adsorbent for Organic Dyes Removal from Water 189
Ishani Khurana, Ajay K. Shaw, Bharti, Jitender M. Khurana and Pramod Kumar Rai
142. Room Temperature Magnetic Behavior in Nanocrystalline Ni-Doped ZrO2 by Microwave-Assisted 190
Polyol Synthesis
Tapas Ranjan Sahoo
143. Development of MA-g-ABS/ZnO Polymer Nanocomposite for Anti-Microbial Materials 191

Olongal Manaf and Athiyanathil Sujith
144. High Strain Rate Behaviour of Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNT) Reinforced 193
Polycarbonate/Ethylene-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer Blends for Ballistic Applications
Aisha Ahmed, Neelanchali Asija, Dhananjay Sonawane and Naresh Bhatnagar
RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY
145. Recycling of WEEE Polymers: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities 196

Biswajit Debnath, Ranjana Chowdhury and Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
146. Issues and Challenges in Plastic Waste Recycling in India: Technologies, Sustainability and Business 197
Opportunity
Ankita Das, Biswajit Debnath and Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
147. Recycling of Waste Polymer towards the Advancement of Nano Material Synthesis 198
Anaya Ghosh, Biswajit Debnath, Shubhanwita Saha, Bimal Das and Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
148. Removal of Cr (VI) From Waste Water through Adsorption by Polyaniline Based Nanocomposite 199
P. Biswas, S. Praharaj and D. Rout
149. Adsorptive Removal of Industrial Waste Dye Reactive Red-120 by ZIF-8: A Mechanistic Investigation 200
Jagannath Panda, R. Samantaray and Rojalin Sahu
SMART MATERIALS
150. Synthesis, Structures and Applications of Fluorescent Organometallic Polymeric Gel Supported by 202
N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)
Joydev Dinda
151. Hydrogen Evolution and Dye Degradation Under Visible Light in Presence of Cadmium Zinc Sulde 203
Shrabani Ghosh, Samrat Sarkar, Nirmalya Sankar Das, Madhupriya Samanta and K.K.Chattopadhyay
152. Fluorescent Hyperbranched Polyurethane: Synthesis, Shape-Memory Effect and Fluorescent 205
Properties
A.Gopinath and A. Sultan Nasar
153. Compressive behaviour of Graphene Decorated with Graphene Quantum Dots (G-D-GQD) and its 206
Epoxy Nano Composites
Manuel George and Akash Mohanty
154. Poly(AAC-AM-SH) Superabsorbent Hydrogels as Soil Modiers 207

Reena Singhal and Tripti Singh
155. Synthesis and Characterization of Fullerene (C60)-Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Nanouids with Nanogold in 208
an Alcoholic Medium
M. Behera and S. Ram
156. Supersonic Solution Blowing: A Novel Method in Nonwoven to Produce 50 nm Fibers en masse 209
Sumit Sinha-Ray, Suman Sinha-Ray, Alexander Yarin and Behnam Pourdeyhimi
157. Design of New Type of Polyampholytes and their Thermoresponsive Behavior in Alcohol/Water Solvent 210
Mixture
Samarendra Maji, Valentin Victor Jerca and Richard Hoogenboom
158. Electrostatic dissipating conductive nanocomposites for space applications: preparation and properties 211
G. Krishna Priya, A. Aashish, M. Sankaran, Sreelekshmi Vand J. D. Sudha
159. Effect of HCl Concentration and Acetone Washing on the Dielectric and Conduction Properties of 212
Polyaniline Salts
J. Mohanty, P. Behera, S. R. Mishraand S.Anwar
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
160. Fabrication of biosurfactant mediated polypyrrole for the electrochemical detection of dopamine 214
Arpita Adhikari, Sriparna De, Mukut Chakraborty And Dipankar Chattopadhyay.
161. Evaluation of mechanical and wear properties of glass/carbon hybrid composites 216
Dipak Kumar Jesthi, Santi Swarup Mohanty, Arun Kumar Rout and Ramesh Kumar Nayak.
162. Buckling response of a functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced thin composite (FG-CNTRC) 217
cylindrical curved plate under in-plane loading
F. A. Shaikh And Akash Mohanty.
163. Compressive behaviour of grapheme nano platelets/ nano alumina lled epoxy hybrid nanocomposites 218
Kesavulu. A and Akash Mohanty
164.Triptycene based porous polymers: small gas storage and selective CO2 capture 219
Ranajit Bera and Neeladri Das
165. Triptycene based polymers: uorescence enhancement and host guest interaction with fullerene 220
Mosim Ansari and Neeladri Das
166. Static and dynamic mechanical properties of eco-friendly human hair derived carbon lled carbon textile 221
reinforced polymer composites
Ravindra Kumar, Suyash Varshney and Kamal K. Kar
167. Ion conducting glass polymer electrolytes: preparation and ion conduction 222
Alok Bhatt, Angesh Chandraand Archana Chandra
168. Nano silica modied carbon–phenolic composites for enhanced ablation resistance 223
Krishna kant Maurya, Krishna kant dubey, Suresh Kumar and N. Eswara Prasad
169. Glucose and maltose based glycopolymers: synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility 224
Palodkar Krushna Kaduba, N. Naga Malleswara Rao and A. V. Sesha Sainath
170. Inorganic nano-phosphor based luminescent polymer composites for multimodal applications 226
Pramod Halappa and C Shivakumara
171. Mechanism responsible for transient current in polysulfone – polyvinylidene uoride (PSF:PVDF) blends 227
Swarnim Patel, Sandhya Shrivas, R. K. Dubey and J. M. Keller
172. Grafting of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate: synthesis and characterisation 228
J. H. Trivedi
173. Mixed-state ferromagnetism in cubic Ni/ZrO2 nanocomposites by microwave combustion synthesis 229
Tapas Ranjan Sahoo and Sirish Ranjan Panda
174. Estimation of luminescence depended optical constants of MEH-PPV/ZnO hybrid nanocomposite 230
Sangeetha A, Jayaseeli S, Bhuvana K P , Abdul Kader M and Nayak S K
175. Development and characterization of bioglass reinforced polymer scaffold 231

Rohithkumar R, Sangeetha A, Bhuvana K P , Abdul Kader M and Nayak S K
176. Effect of particle geometry on the high strain rate behavior of shear thickening colloidal systems 232
Neelanchali Asija Bhalla , Hemant Chouhan, Aisha Ahmed and Naresh Bhatnagar
177. Fabrication of thermally stable, durable and exible super hydrophobic polyurethane coatings based on 234
castor oil and crude glycerol polyol
Alakarani Mohanty, Sonalee Das, Smita Mohanty and S K Nayak
178. Flexi electrochemical transducers for sensing neurotransmitters 235

A. Aashish, Neethu K. S, G. Krishna Priya, U. S. Hareesh and J. D. Sudha
179. Dynamic mechanical behavior and mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)-lled 236
polylactic acid (PLA) composites
Raghu N, Anand Raj, Pankaj Aggarwal and Shakti Chauhan
180. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide lled polyvinyl alcohol a nanocomposites 237
G. Sahoo, N. K. Hota, J. Tripathy and B. P. Sahoo
181. Development of organic-inorganic polymeric hybrid: inuence of polyolen elastomers (POE) and 238
electron beam crosslinking on morphology and properties
Atanu Jha, K.S.S. Sarma and Subhendu Ray Chowdhury
182. Current transients in poly (vinyl formal) – polyvinylideneuoride (PVFO:PVDF) blends 239
Kiran Dawande, Swarnim patel, Rakesh Bajpai1and J. M. Keller
183. Designing the synthesis of biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylonitrile)/montmorillonite 240

nanocomposite with improved mechanical and re retardant properties
Dharmendra K. Jena and Prafulla K. Sahoo
184. Polyimides with phosphaphenanthrene moiety: synthesis, characterization, gas permeation study and 241
molecular dynamics simulations
Rimpa Chatterjee , Soumendu Bisoi , Susanta Banerjee and Venkat Padmanabhan
185. Synthesis of sulfonated polyimides with phosphaphenanthrene skeleton: effect on proton exchange 243
membrane application
Arun Kumar Mandal and Susanta Banerjee
186. Microencapsulation and controlled release performance of hexaconazole/ polyurethane microcapsules 245
Vinayak Kamble, Manohar Sawant and Prakash Mahanwar
187. Optimization of sand casting process parameters for nonferrous material by using design of experiments 246
Jugalraj Panda and Manoj Kumar Rout
188. Effect of gamma irradiation on mechanical properties of poly(lactic) acid–luffa ber composites 247
Subhashree Patra, Pinaki Chatterjee, Kamal L. Mohanta and Chhatrapati Parida
189. Morphology, mechanical and biological properties of poly lactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic 248
polyurethane (TPU) elastomer blends for biomedical application
Aayushi Wawre, Radhashyam Giri, Ajay K Nema, K.S.S.Sarma, Y. K Bhardwaj, Pradeep Upadhyay and
S. K. Nayak.
190. Review on super plastics forming of metals 249

Lallu Prasath K
191. Effect of lubricant on glass lled ABS and SAN 250

Sayuja Narwade, Ajay K. Nema, M. H. Shridhar, Radhayshyam Giri and Pradeep Upadhyay
192. Development of porous surface on biodegradable microcellular plastics using high intensity focused 251
light
Samar Priyadarshi, Abhishek Gandhi, Smita Mohanty, S K Nayak
193. Design and analysis of eps embedded epoxy sandwich composite structure 252
Ravishankar B, Abdul Kader M and Maheswaran R
194. Design and development of desktop size three dimensional printing machine: selective laser sintering 253
Mugeshwaran A, Nalini Ranganathan, Joseph Bensingh R and Abdul Kader M
195. Development and characterization of bioglass reinforced polymer scaffold for bone tissue engineering 254
Rohithkumar R, Sangeetha A,Bhuvana K P, Abdul Kader M and Sanjay K Nayak
196. Effect of annealing on the optical characterization of polycarbonate biaspheric lens 255
R. Joseph Bensingh, K.P Bhuvana, Nalini.R., S. Rajendra Boopathy and C.Jebaraj
197. Fabrication of selective laser melting (SLM) processed metallic micro lattice structure for light 256
weighting technology
Josephine Blessy D, K.P. Bhuvana, R. Joseph Bensingh and Abdul kader M
198. Innovative non manipulative sharps disposal container (SDC): A technology to control infectious 257
hospital waste
K.P. Bhuvana, R. Joseph Bensingh, K. Prakalathan, S. Deepak, Yazhini Ravi, Padma Srikanth,
J. Satyanarayana Murthy, Sanjay K Nayak
199. Nonlinear analysis of rubber by nite element techniques for automotive leaf spring systems 258
R Karthikeyan, S.Rajkumar, R.Joseph Bensingh and Abdul Kader M
200. Studies on fracture toughness analysis and mechanical behaviour of epoxy-carbon ber and graphene 259
hybrid composites
Jeevi G, Abdul Kader M and Nalini Ranganathan
201. Processing and characterization of linz-donawitz sludge lled polypropylene composites 260
Abhilash Purohit and Alok Satapathy
202. Design and analysis of mooring system for oating solar photovoltaic panels 261
Anto Lawrence F, Nalini Ranganathan, Joseph Bensingh R and Abdul Kader M.
203. Dry sliding wear response of epoxy composites reinforced with short hair bers and glass micro 262
spheres
Bishnu Prasad Nanda, Alok Satapathy
204. Enhancement in mechanical properties by SMA compatibilizer for ABS and nylon-6 blend 263
Disha Ojha, Jignesh shukla, Pradeep Upadhyay and Radhashyam Giri
205. Synthesis and characterisation of guargum-g-poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica (GG-g-PMMA/Silica) 264
and its use as bio-sorbents of heavy metal ions in water
Tikina Rani Sethy and Prafulla K.Sahoo
206. Hetero-aromatic-uorescent polyesters: synthesis, characterization and thermal studies 265

Sachin K. Nizama, JignasaV. Modh and Saurabh K. Patel
207. Effect of non metallic parts of waste printed circuit board on the properties of plasticized PVC 266
obtained from waste wire
Rajesha Kumar Das, Manoranjan Biswal, Smita Mohanty, S K Nayak
208. Development of PLA/nanozinc oxide/nanoclay hybrid composite lms and its antibacterial properties 267
V H Sangeetha, Aswathy Unnikrishnan, C S Sikhira, T O Varghese
209. Microencapsulation of essential oils using M-F resin for textile applications 268
C. K. Amrutha, Suraj Varma and T. O. Varghese
210. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of pamidronate loaded electrospun polycaprolactone/ polycaprolactone 269
-polyethyleneglycol-polycaprolactone / nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffold for osteoporotic bone
defect repair
K.R. Remya, Sunitha Chandran, Harikrishnan V.S, Annie John, and P.Ramesh
211. Fabrication of castor oil based rigid polyurethane bio-foam: effect of nanoclay on thermo-mechanical 270
properties.
S. Sunanda, S. Jayavani and T.O Varghese
212. Effect of jute ber surface-treatments on the properties of poly(lactic acid)/jute biocomposites in 271
automotive applications
Mohammad Tahir Zafar, Saurindra Nath Maiti and Anup Kumar Ghosh
213. Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Treatment on Charphy Impact Strength of Kenaf/Polyester Composite 272
A.R.M.Nazim, and M.N.M.Ansari
214. Design Selection Based on Tensile Properties of Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) 273
Sharmini Vijayan, Ansari, M.N.M, Zainudin Yahya and Ragunatha E. Naicker
215. Novel Nucleating Agent For Semi Crystalline Materials 274

Nidhi patel, Jignesh Shukla, S.N.Murthy, Uday Rajdhan, Sai Dhulipala and Radhayshyam Giri
216. Impact Modication Of Poly Lactic Acid By Reactive Blending WithAcrylonitrile Grafted TPU 275
K. A. Rajesh, Arun. M. Panicker, T. O. Varghese, S. K. Nayak
217. Physical and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene Foam Prepared by Two Step Batch Foaming 276
Process at Low Saturation Pressure.
Anish Kumar, Bhaskar Patham, Smita Mohanty,S. K. Nayak
218. A novel hybrid cotton bandage patch 277

Achyut Konwar, Raghuram Kandimalla, Sanjeeb Kalita and Devasish Chowdhury
219. Enhancement of damping & mechanical properties of rubber damper 278

Anil Singh,Arun KumarGupta, Pradeep, Satender Kumar and Gaurav Kumar
220. Mechanical properties of epoxy syntactic foams 279

A.V. Ullas , Prasun Kumar Roy and Devendra Kumar
221. Development of porous roads using waste plastics for enhancing rain water penetration into ground 280
Aayush Kumar Verma , Himanshu Kumar and Yashvant Rao
222. Ionic polymer and its application in medical 281

Kishan Yadav, Prince Chauhan and Himanshu Kumar
223. Introduction to polymer based magno damper 282

Animesh Mishra Abneesh Kumar, Kushal Gupta, Shivam Kr. Tripathi
224. Thermal protection of hypersonic aerospace vehicles using ZrB2- HiB2 283
Sandeep Kaushal, Shantanu Sharma, Qasim Abbas
225. Structural motion controller using tuned mass damper 284

Ankit Mishra, Siddharth Singh, Aman Singh, Shivani Rai
226. Laminated composite of nylon and jute bre using epoxy as matrix 285
Parul Singh, Richa Gautam, Anil Singh, Adarsh Sharma and Shalaka Pal
227. Hybrid composite of coir and bagasse using epoxy as matrix 286
Richa Gautam, Parul Singh, Adarsh Sharma, Shalaka Pal and Abneesh Kumar
228. Improvisation of ordinary glass surface by the application of pet coating 287
Shivaji Parashar, Rishabh Kumar Singh, Mukul Dev Katiyar and Vishal Kumar Gupta
229. Thin lms & coatings 288

Saurabh Kumar
230. C loadings via capillary risein ltration (CaRI) 289

Abhishek Gupta and Mohd Rashid Khan
231. Enhancement of thermal and mechanical properties by using industrial waste product with natural 290
ber reinforced polypropylene composite
Shivam Kr. Tripathi,Oshi Sahu and Suraj Maurya
232. Design and simulation of wind turbine on rail coaches for power generation 291
Kushal Gupta, Radha Rajput, Gyan Thakur
233. Introduction of magnetic generator using polymer 292

Abneesh Kumar,Ankit Mishra, Richa gautam
234. Edible & biodegradable chewing gum 293

Shubham Tiwari, Surbhit Awasthi, Smriti Tiwari, Naincy Mall, Nandini Tiwari
235. Generating electricity from speed breakers 295

Aman Singh, Suraj Soni, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, Alankar Gupta, Rishi Maurya
236. Microbeads as a curse 296

Ritesh, Srishti and Sudhanshu
237. Conversion of waste plastic into fuel oil Oil in the Presence of Bentonit as a Catalyst 297
Mukul Dev Katiyar, Raghav Parashar, Rishabh Kr. Singh and Saksham Chakrawal
238. Development of railway polymer sleepers 298

Sachin Chouhan & Krishnakant Dubey
239. Recycling techniques for waste plastic with utilization 299
Akash Verma, Naresh Agrahari
240. Developed the high performance polymer from an engineer polymer by compounding ceramics 300
Lokesh agrahari
241. Polymers in drug delivery 301

Saksham Chakrawal, Anupam Jaiswal, Raghav Parashar, Mukul Dev Katiyar
242. Hydrogels and their applications 302

Aashish Mourya
243. Biodegradable device cover & packaging lms 303

Surbhit Awasthi, Shubham Tiwari, Sarvagya Singh, Akash Verma
244. Recycling technology 304

Shalini Verma
245. Thin lms and coatings 305

Aman shrivastava
246. Recycling technology 306

Deepak Yadav
247. Sensors and actuators 307

Mohammad Zaid
248. High performance polymers 308

Atulya Mishra Roohullah Parvez, Vinay Yadav
249. Polynorbornenes (PNB) 309

Sumit Srivastav, Shipra Srivastava and Rahul Tiwari
250. Nanotechnology integration 310

Rahul Tiwari
251. Biodegradable lms for food packaging. 312

Kartik shukla,Manish, Ankit, Brijesh
252. Development of uorescent polymers to detect traces of explosives 313

Shambhavi Mishra,Shreya Mathur and Akansha Saroj
253. Toughening of epoxy hybrid nanocomposites modied with silica nanoparticles and epoxidized natural 314
rubber with the blend of cenosphere
Arun Kumar Gupta, Ashish Varshney, Rishabh Kushwaha, Jitendra Singh, Ved Prakash Patel
315
254. Recycling technology-converting plastics waste to fuel
Tarun Chandra
255. Improvisation of ordinary glass surface by the application of PET 316

Rishabh Kumar Singh, Shivaji Parashar, Mukul Dev Katiyar, Raghav Parashar
256. Recycling of plastics 317
Apurv Singh, Radhe Shyam, Shivam Sohane and Abhishek Gaur
257. Development of photodegradable plastic packaging 318

Siddharth Pandey, Ashwani Tiwari and Md.Bilal Khan
258. Study of conducting ultra high molecular weight polyethylene thin lms used for thermoelectricpower 320
generation
Abhay Shukla, Mansi
259. Nano functional surfaces for control of the biological interface (stopping internal bleeding) 321
Ankit Kumar Thakur, Shivaji and Prashant Dixit
260. Study of low temperature resistant bio based HTPB based polyurethanes 322
Mayank Singh, Smita Mathur, Vijai Kumar
261. A review on biodegradability testing methodology of plastics 323

Shivi Kesarwani, Mayank Singh, Smita Mathur and Vijai Kumar
262. Synthesis and characterization of nano titanium and methyl methacrylate by in situ polymerization 325
Gulshan Kumar and Smita Mathur
263. Industry 4.0:application in plastic industry 326

Aishwary Pratap Singh, Amit Kumar, Mayankmanjuldubey and Shalini Chauhan
264. Environmental friendly bio-toilet system 327

Abhinav Tripathi, Shubham Yadav, Kritika Singh, Sanju Kushwaha
265. Smart materials 328

Shalini Chauhan, Chhavi Varshney, Ekta, Aishwarya Pratap Singh
266. Development of nanopolymers for stainless cloths 329

Hardick Upadhyay, Jitendra Patel, Chavi Varshney and Mahendra Vikram Gaur
267. Analysis of hydrological system to improve the power 330

Tanveer Alam, Aman Khan, NiteshGupta and Sudhirchauhan
268. Polyetherimide (PEI) nanocomposites reinforced with nanosilica particles 331

Abrar Ahamad, K.N. Pandey, R.M. Mishra
269. The future of roads : plastic roads 332

Vaibhav Raghuvanshi, Rishabh Kumar, Atul Kumar Chandra, Faraz Ahmad
270. The life saviour polymer 333

Faraz Ahmed, Vaibhav Raghubanshi, Rishabh Kumar, Atul Kumar Chandr
271. Estimation of luminescence depended optical constants of MEH-PPV/ZnO hybrid nanocomposite 334
Sangeetha A, Jayaseeli S, Bhuvana K P, Abdul Kader M and Nayak S K
272. Development and characterization of bioglass reinforced polymer scaffold 335

Rohithkumar R, Sangeetha A, Bhuvana K P, Abdul Kader M and Nayak S K
273. Design & development of plastic safety shoe toe cap 336
Anil Kumar Tiwari and Sanjay Choudhry
274. Development of wood plastics composite 337
Kunwar Kartikey Singh, Siddharth Singh, Devesh Pratap Singh and Mayur
275. New technology in the eld of recyclng of waste materials 338

Ranjit Kumar, Prabhat Kumar, Arjun Singh and Navneet choudhary
276. Carbon foam Materials 339

Mohd Annan Alim, Saif Ahamad, Tanveer Alam and Pramod Kumar Gupta
277. Epoxy syntactic foams reinforced with halloysite nanotubes 341

Balram Jaiswal, A.V.Ullas and K.N.Pandey
278. Quality concepts for the improved use of recycled polymeric materials 342
Himanshu Kumar, Prince Chauhan, Shivam Katiyar and Kishan Yadav
279. To study of re retardant and intumescent coating by using phenol formaldehyde and zirconium oxide 343
Ajay Vishwakarma and Vijai Kumar
280. Super absorbent polymer 344

Archita Agrahari, Abhishek Gangwar, Rohit Singh and Jyoti Rawat
281. Uses of plastics in medical science 345

Kapil Singh, Piyush Tiwari and Sambhav Saxena
282. Development of smart materials in the eld of medical science 347

Prabhat Kumar and Ranjit Kumar
283. Investigation of surface properties of new poly(imide) siloxane block copolymers 348
Gargi Ghosh, Anaparthi Ganesh Kumar, Susanta Banerjee, Palash Dhara and Rabibrata Mukherjee
284. Bio-degradable packaging lm from renewable resources 350

Bishwabhusana Palai, Manoranjan Biswal, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay Kumar Nayak
285. Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Porous Composite Blocks using Polymeric Binder for 351
Industrial Applications
Sagar K. Nayak, Smruti R. Mohanty, Akshaya K. Palai, Sushant K. Samal, Bishnu P. Panda, Smita Mohanty,
Sanjay K. Nayak
286. Comparison of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties in graphene oxide and reduced graphene 352
oxide lled epoxy nanocomposite adhesives
Ruchi Aradhana, Smita Mohanty , Sanjay Kumar Nayak
287. Synthesis & characterization of low cost non-uorinated aqua-repellent Coating 353
Smruti R. Mohanty, Smita Mohanty, S. K. Nayak
288. Sulfonated Reduced Graphene Oxide Incorporated Poly(ethylene oxide), Poly (vinylidene uoride-co 354
-hexauoropropylene) Blend as a Novel Polymer Electrolyte System with Enhanced Ionic Conductivity
Sanath Kumar, Akshaya K. Palai, Smita Mohanty, S. K. Nayak
289. Comparative study of PVDF and PVDF-TrFE lms with their nano-llers Composites 355
Rajesh Sahoo, Ananthakumar Ramadoss, Lakshmi Unnikrishnan, Smita Mohanty, Swapna Mahapatra, Sanjay
Kumar Nayak
290. PVDF nanohybrid membrane for water purication 356

Jnyana Ranjan Mishra, Malluru Abhilash, Sushanta Kumar Samal ,SmitaMohanty, Sanjay Kumar Nayak
291. Chitosan/PANI exible Freestanding electrode for supercapacitors 357
Aswathy N R, Akshaya K Palai, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay Kumar Nayak
292. Effect of Bio-based Epoxidised Soybean Oil on the Melt Compounded PVC/PMMA Recycled Blend: A 358
Special Insight to Compatibilization and Value Addition
Sunil S Suresh, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K Nayak
293. Surface Plasmonic effect of Ag designed ZnO pyramid nanostructures as photoanode for dye sensitized 359
solar cell application
V.S. Manikandan, Akshaya K. Palai, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K Nayak
294. Effect of Hybrid Fillers on Thermal Conductivity, Rheology and Lap Shear Strength of Epoxy 360
Composites Adhesives
Rajesh Kumar, Arjyama Mishra, Bishnu P Panda, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K Nayak
295. Effect of moisture absorption on degradation of FRP composites laminate and durability of FRP 361
laminates exposed with sea water environment, simulate the moisture absorption using FEA analysis.
Pitambar Tripathy, Bishnu Panda, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay Kumar Nayak
296. Indigenous Development of Hemodialysis Hollow Fiber Membrane 362

Athira V B, Lakshmi Unnikrishnan, Smita Mohanty, S. K Nayak
297. Dynamic mechanical, thermal and morphological analysis of PP reinforced isal bre and carbon bre 363
hybrid composites.
Jyoti Agarwal, Smita Mohanty, S .K Nayak
298. Development of Polymer Composites for Enhanced Thermal Conductivity Characteristics 364
Subhransu S Pradhan, Lakshmi Unnikrishnan, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K Nayak
299. Synthesis and Characterization of Itaconic Based Elastomer and its Blends with Poly(Lactic Acid) 365
Sukhila Krishnan, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K.Nayak
300. Development of an appropriate composition for PVDF based piezoelectric composite lms 366
Suvrajyoti Mishra, Lakshmi Unnikrishnan, Ananthakumar Ramadoss, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K Nayak
301. Contemporary Methedology for the Synthesis of Surface Functionalized Silica Coated Graphene
Nanohybrid 367
Suchhanda S. Swain, Lakshmi Unnikrishnan, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K. Nayak
302. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Dodecyl Lactate Acrylate)

Manju P, P. Santhana Gopala Krishnan, Sanjay Kumar Nayak 368
303. Studies on HTPB Based TPU-Halloysite Nanocomposites

Subhashree Subhasmita Pradhan, Suchintita Sutar, Saikrushna Jena, 369
Sagarika Dash, P. Santhana Gopala Krishnan, Sanjay Kumar Nayak
304. Bio-Based Tri-Functional Epoxy Resin (TEIA) Blend Cured With Anhydride (MHHPA) Based
Cross-Linker: Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Characterization 370
Sudheer Kumar, Sushanta K. Samal, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K. Nayak
305. Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane from Castor Oil, Functionalized with Glycidol and
Siloxane for Biomedical applications 371
Aiswarea Mathew, Surendra Kurmvanshi, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K. Nayak
306. Eco-friendly Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-Epoxy Blend Coatings for Marine Application
Shatakshi Verma, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K Nayak 372
307. Coating Evaluation of Graphene Oxide/ Waterborne Epoxy Acrylate Nanocomposite on Mild Steel
Sukanya Pradhan1, Smita Mohanty2 and Sanjay K Nayak1 373
PROF(Dr.) S K NAYAK, Ph.D, D.Sc
DIRECTOR GENERAL, CIPET &
CONVENER, APM 2018
MESSAGE
It is my great pleasure and privilege to host the International Conference
on ‘Advancements in Polymeric Materials’ (APM 2018), 9th in the series at CIPET
- High Learning Centre, Bhubaneswar from February 2 - 4, 2018 supported by
Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals (DCPC), Ministry of Chemicals &
Fertilizers, Govt. of India. The conference with the theme based on ‘marching
towards technological developments’ is organized by Laboratory for Advanced
Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Bhubaneswar, R & D wing of CIPET,
to provide a unique forum on the Current Trends & Technology in the field of
Polymer Science & Technology. On behalf of the organizing committee, I extend
a hearty welcome to all the distinguished speakers from India and abroad for their
willingness to share their research expertise in the International Conference -
APM 2018.
This conference would bring together a galaxy of Scientists, Industrialists,

Academicians, Scholars and students from different parts of the world to a single
platform The Interaction Meet would open up more avenues for collaborative
research ventures in the emerging areas.
I am sure that the fruitful interactions and scientific deliberations during

APM-2018 will imprint indelible mark of achievement and remembrance itne the
mind of both participants and organizers, The technical sessions of APM 2018
are well designed intending to present the advanced technologies in the area of
Polymer Science & Technology.
I appreciate and extend my sincere thanks to all the Members of the

Scientific Committee, Sponsors, Co-sponsors, Organizers and my parent
department, DCPC, for support in organizing the International Conference
successfully.
PLENARY
LECTURES
The State of the WPC (Wood-Plastic Composites) in the Brazilian Market
ALCIDES L. LEAO
FCA/UNESP – Rua Jose Barbosa de Barros
Botucatu, Brazil
Email: alcideslopesleao@gmail.com
The tripod of sustainability is to be "environmentally correct, economically viable and socially
fair". In accord with this concept and growing concern about environmental problems in the world, a
new economy has recently arisen, the Bio economics. An economy before based on the consumption of
fossil resources, today seeks alternatives based on renewable energy sources. In Brazil, with the national
Municipal Solid Waste Policy, the Action Plan for Sustainable Production and Consumption, and other
legislation and incentives, the attention to the development of new classes of materials has increased, as
well as the production of WPC - Wood- Plastic Composites, or Fiber Plastic Composites. The WPC was
reborn with a modern concept in Italy in the 1970s but became popular in North America in the 1990s.
The main markets for the use of plastic wood are: deck, facades, pergolas, fences, furniture - benches,
dumps, industry and automobile. According to Nova Institute, the global market forecasted for 2015 of
WPC was around 3.8 million tons. The countries that produced the most were China, North America,
Europe, and Japan. Then, South America producing 50.000 tons. According to a bibliographical review,
it is known that the producers numbers in Brazil are increasing in the last years. In 2012 there were 10
companies producing WPC in South America, according to Nova. This year there are about 21 important
producers only in Brazil. Almost all of them producing deck as the agship in their portfolio. On the use
of polymers in Brazilian WPC products, the most are based on plastic waste. It may be found the PP, PE,
PEAD and PVC as matrix. About the reinforcement, 50% of all producers use the wood powder as
reinforcement in the WPC Brazilian products, followed by vegetable ber, wood ber, synthetic ber
and rice husk. The prices offered to end users may vary depending on material used. The products with
PVC are more expensive because of its attributes and advantage over others polymers used in the
composites. The PVC does not depend as much as other polymers of crude oil or natural gas, that means
PVC has a lower carbon footprint than PP, PE and PEAD. The WPC produced from PVC keeps the color
for a long time in comparison with others, being UV resistant and re self-extinguish. The PVC – WPC
products in the Brazilian Market can be found for U$ 76/m2, and the others vary from U$ 55/m2 to U$
2
66/m .
In conclusion, the WPC Brazilian market has a lot to develop and a good growth perspective. Brazilian
government is committed to be more sustainable, so the producers can benet from local plans, laws and
incentives. Brazilian people are getting more aware about environment issues, then looking for new
products from renewable sources.
Keywords: WPC, Brazil, Environment, Renewable sources, Fiber
02
PLENARY LECTURES APM-2018
Current Advancement of Biocomposites in our Composite Research Group
Krishnan Kanny
Durban University of Technology
South Africa
Email: kannyk@dut.ac.za
This work presents the recent activities carried out by our research group in the areas of
biocomposites (including natural bers) and their application. The extraction of biopolymers and
polylactic acid from sugar cane bagasse is discussed. Characterize the plant material composition of
sugar cane bagasse (SCB) and extract poly lactic acid (PLA) from sugar cane bagasse. Create a polymer
from PLA and compare it properties with polyethylene polymer. Develop a specication sheet for a
biodegradable plastic. Manipulate these properties to range of products and lastly use these new bio-
plastics to replace the traditional plastics. Biopolymers with cellulosic and non-cellulosic rich phase of
SCB was also prepared and characterized. The method of strengthening and thermal property
improvement of biopolymers using nanollers such as carbon black, nanoclay and natural llers such as
nano-egg shell particles were discussed. The biocomposites were fabricated by blending and solution
casting techniques and followed by structural and thermal characterization. Additionally, hybrid
syntactic foam based natural ber reinforced composites were prepared. Glass micro/nanospheres were
used as a foam material and sandwich panels were prepared. Mechanical properties such as tensile,
impact and fracture behaviour were analyzed. Thermal, barrier and ame retardation properties of the
syntactic foam composites were examined. The application of above prepared materials was also
studied in packaging and solar energy sectors. The heat sealing capacity of the unlled and nanoparticle
(nanoclay and nanoegg shell) biopolymer laminated in aluminium foils were examined for packaging
application. It was observed that we could able to seal the aluminium foils/lms using biopolymer
adhesive with improved thermal and barrier properties. This opens up the new area of aluminium
materials in sealing application. The photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells and their percolation
properties using nanodopants were evaluated and improved IV (current-voltage) properties was
observed. Recently impact and tribological studies of nanoparticle impregnated natural ber
composites were evaluated. It was observed that the performances of natural ber composites were
enhanced in these properties due to nanoparticle impregnation. The mechanisms of improved wear,
frictional and projectile impact properties were discussed.
Keywords: Biocomposite, Nanoller, Natural Fiber, Solar cell, Nanoclay, Nanoegg shell
03
“WIPO GREEN” – Global System for the Transfer of
Environmental Sound Technologies
Yorimasa Suwa
Asia-Pacic Industrial Property Centre (APIC)
Japan Institute for Promoting Invention and Innovation (JIPII)
Tokyo, JAPAN
E-mail: yorisuwa1@gmail.com; y.suwa@apic.jiii.or.jp
WIPO GREEN provides a database of Environmental Sound Technologies (ESTs) and a global
network of various types of stakeholders who have engaged in the technology development/ transfer and
thus aims to accelerate the expansion of ESTs to the world. WIPO GREEN was originally proposed from
Japan Intellectual Property Association (JIPA) and, currently, is being developed by World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO) and WIPO GREEN Partners organizations. Partners are from various
geographical areas, including both of the developed and developing countries. I have worked in the
WIPO GREEN project in JIPA from 2010 and have been working as the leader of the project from 2013.
Specically, my convincing suggestions to Japan Patent Ofce and Regional Bureau for Asia and the
Pacic of WIPO about the importance of identifying real needs in developing countries has been
realized with the support of these ofces as the Needs Searching Projects and the Match-Making Events
in Manilla 2014 and in Nairobi 2015.
Through the activities for WIPO GREEN, I have learned many things relating to the development of IP
systems in the developing countries, especially the following facts:
 Developing countries have changed to become more and more focus on new technologies
and their own business development efforts.
 Most of the ofcials of IP ofces in the developing countries are very proud of their current
tasks and look for the promising future of their home countries.
Any organization that has some expertise in ESTs and/or technology transfer and agrees to WIPO
GREEN Charter can join our project. Also, any researcher and/or company who has unique and practical
ESTs or Green products, or those who have specic needs to more advanced technologies/productscan
register to the database of WIPO GREEN.I strongly hope that Indian organizations such as CIPET
become WIPO GREEN Partners and Indian researchers/companies will become WIPO GREEN
Users.Some examples of ESTs that have been registered to WIPO GREEN database from Japanese
companies are also introduced.
Keywords: WIPO Green, Green products, Data base, Environment
04
Polymer-Based Nanoengineered Materials with
Immense Techno-Socio-Economic Impact
Suprakas Sinha Ray

DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
South Africa
E-mail: rsuprakas@csir.co.za
For the preparation of advanced plastics with balance of properties, it is important to

introduce the additives and llers into the polymer matrices. The current use of functional
nanollers push this strategy to the next level by exploiting the advantages that nanometer-size
particulates offer, compared with conventional llers, such as huge interfacial area per volume
of particles, large number density of particles per particle volume, particle-particle co-relation
arising at low volume fraction, etc. The nanoscale llers–containing polymer composites are
generally known as Polymer Nanocomposites (PNCs). PNCs play a signicant role in one of
the most promising 21st century technologies known as Nanotechnology. This presentation
focuses on recent research efforts, processing techniques, and key research challenges in the
development of various commodity polymer-based functional nanocomposites for use in
advanced packaging to load-bearing applications-shaping the future of plastic industry.
Keywords: Polymer, Nanoller, Nanocomposite, Polymer nanocomposite
05
Polymer Nano Composites and Bioactivities:
Advances in Textile for Defence and Security
Ashok Vaseashta
International Clean Water Institute, Herndon
USA
E-mail: prof.vaseashta@ieee.org
The study presents a systematic methodology to develop micro/nanobers employing

nanomaterials, metal-oxides, ceramics, bioactive materials, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other
materials mixed in solutions of high-performance polymers. The methodology involves identication
and selection of novel combinations of additives in high-performance polymers. The nano/microbers
thus produced have characteristics leading to increased mechanical strength, improved sensitivity to
contaminants, better ltering capabilities, improved response to electromagnetic stimuli, and desired
conductivity. Also, high surface area/volume ratio due to nanomaterials and bers with varying
functionality, combined with its potential biocompatibility and biodegradable nature, offers tremendous
promise for diverse applications in tissue engineering, targeted vaccine delivery, non-thrombogenic
materials for blood contacting applications, chemical and biological sensors, system-on-bers (SoF)
and e-textiles. Such characteristics allows for the creation and improvement of barrier materials for
force protection, embedded informational and communication technologies- signal
receiving/communication capability, and chem.-bio sensors that respond to environmental
contaminants. Furthermore, based on bioactivities, the functional layers displayed interesting
characteristics such as timed-release or physiological based-release therapeutics, ltering of
contaminants, biological mimicking for sensing, and optical cloaking – all of which promise direct
applications in defense and security. It is further shown that antibiotic loaded biodegradable and
biocompatible polymeric nano brous membranes can prevent post-surgery induced intra-abdominal
adhesions by providing a physical barrier during wound healing process and at the same time a
functional barrier against strains of microorganisms thereby reducing the local inammatory response.
The results of our previous studies including synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers,
production and characterization of nanobers from those polymers, their loading with drugs and the
release of the drugs from such matrices would provide a connection for the development of new
functional barriers for protection applications.The presentation will outline some new composites with
self-healing characteristics. The work is complemented by data and predictive analytics study using
advanced science convergence methodologies.
Keywords: Nano-bers, Mechanical strength, Chem.-bio sensors, Bioactivities, Data analytics
06
Advances in Polymeric Materials for Infection Control and Prevention
Sudip Ray
University of Auckland
New Zealand
E-mail:s.ray@auckland.ac.nz
Microbial infection is one of the most serious and growing concern in our community.
According to a recent report by Grand View Research, Inc., the global infection control market is
expected to reach USD 258.3 billion by 2025.This has resulted signicant growth on the consumption
and demand in biocidal materials. It is expected that there will be even more opportunities in this space
because there is considerable room for improvement in the performance of existing products with
superior functionality and also the possibility of introducing additional valuable functionalities for
multipurpose uses. Medical and surgical equipment, decorative latex paints, antifouling coatings, water
purication system, food packaging, etc require biocide materials as a critical part of the product design
process where polymeric materials are extensively employed. Polymeric materials with antimicrobial
functionality are a special class of biocides which can offer enhanced efcacy compared to some
existing low molecular weight antimicrobial agents while minimizing the environmental issues by
reducing the residual toxicity and prolonging the shelf life. In various products, polymeric materials also
act as a host matrix for biocides. The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment funded
Biocide Toolbox (BTB) is a multidisciplinary research programme at the University of Auckland, New
Zealand. The BTB Programme targets the invention of new biocides either from natural product
chemistry or newly synthesised route through sophisticated 'click' chemistry. Surface delivery
mechanisms of Biocides chemically absorbed or covalently bonded onto Inorganic media and/or
Polymeric surfaces are also under investigation. From a microbiological perspective, intensive research
is underway to understand how these biocides function at the molecular level. In addition to addressing
the research activities at BTB programme, various aspects including the requirements of antimicrobial
polymers, factors affecting the antimicrobial activities, synthesis methodologies, key applications and
future perspectives will be summarized.
Keywords: Microbial, Infection, Biocides, Antimicrobial
07
Mechanical Characterization of Polymeric Materials at Macro-, Micro-,
and Nano-Scales
Esteban Broitman
Linköping University
Sweden
E-mail: ebroitm@hotmail.com
Nowadays, there is permanent increase in the use of polymeric materials to substitute

metals and ceramics. Advantages like excellent mechanical properties with low density,
resistance to solvents, low price, and being able to be easily designed in complicated
congurations and produced at industrial scale make them the material to be selected by the
modern industry. During the last decade, new polymeric materials have been also developed in
for micro- and nano-scale applications. There are many devices such as polymer light-emitting
devices, polymer nanobers, and biomaterial applications. For this kind of micro- and nano-
structures, conventional mechanical characterization techniques like tensile, compression and
bending tests are inapplicable due to the size of the samples. Nanoindentation technique, widely
used to characterize the mechanical properties of hard metal and ceramic materials, has started
to be used also in the characterization of polymers. In this talk, the application of indentation
techniques to measure the hardness, elastic modulus, and creep of polymeric materials is
discussed. A comparison between nanoindentation results and macroscopic properties is
examined. The recent literature on polymer nanocomposites is also reviewed. Finally,
indentation size effects are also critically discussed. Challenges and future perspectives in the
application of nanoindentation to characterize mechanical properties of polymeric materials are
suggested.
Keywords: Polymeric material, Micro, Nano, Nanobers, Nanoindentation
08
Emerging Utility of Light Induced Processes for Macromolecular Syntheses
Yusuf Yagci
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul
Turkey
E-mail: yusuf@itu.edu.tr
Photochemical reactions are efciently used in macromolecular synthesis, involving

initiation, control of the reaction kinetics and molecular structures, functionalization, and
decoration, etc. Synthesis of polymers by free radical, cationic, and step-growth mechanisms
can be realized through photochemical processes. Recently, photo induced electron transfer
reactions are increasingly used in atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRP) and “Click
reactions” (Figure 1) allowing polymers to be formed with well-dened structures and
functionalities providing several distinct advantages, including temporal and spatial controls,
rapid and energy efcient activation. Both processes are based on photoredox reactions of
copper catalysts under various radiation sources with or without various photoinitiators.
Figure 1. Photoinduced ATRP (left) and CuAAC Click Reactions (right)

More recently, it was shown that photoinduced ATRP can be conducted under metal free
conditions. In this presentation, various modes of photoinitiated controlled/living radical and
click reactions and their potential applications in macromolecular syntheses will be discussed.
Keywords: Macromolecular, Photoinduced, ATRP, Click reaction, Photoinitiators
09
Catalyzing Plastic Innovation in a Circular Economy Model:
Lightweight Auto-Parts to Green Packaging
Amar K. Mohanty
University of Guelph
Canada
E-mail:mohanty@uoguelph.ca
The circular economy concept envisions a “waste-free” world and looks to foster
environmental, societal and economical value through close resource loops vs. the current
linear economic approach (take-make-use-dispose). This game changing economy opens-up
new opportunities in advancing plastic technologies in many manufactured industries from
auto sectors to consumer products and sustainable packaging. With the human population
reaching 9.5 billion by the middle of this century, the enhanced urbanization requires a new look
at solid waste generation and accumulation through the creation of new industrial uses, unlike
land-lling and escalating pollution which contribute to GHG emissions. Plastic waste makes
up a major portion of municipal solid waste. Current waste management strategies are focused
on recycling and energy recovery. Out of the total share of supplied plastic worldwide, only a
very small component is recycled globally with the rest ending up in waste streams. Similarly,
approximately 1/3 of the food we produce is wasted. The United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) estimate that ~1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted in the world, at an
estimated cost of $990 billion US per year. What can we do with all these wastes in innovating
plastics technology? This presentation will highlight the value-added uses of recycled plastics
as well as renewable and waste stream feedstock in new industrial applications to reduce land
lling, pollution and GHG emissions. The wastes from food industry are successfully used in
developing green and compostable packaging. The pyrolyzed biomass creates new and
sustainable biocarbons. These biocarbons are considered suitable as ller/reinforcement for
polymer matrices in creating novel carbonaceous biocomposites for light-weight auto-parts
uses.
Keywords: Waste-free, Economic, Plastic waste, Automobile, Packaging, Biocarbon
10
Role of Biocarbon in Next Generation Advanced Manufacturing:
Challenges and Opportunities for Transitioning to a Low-Carbon Economy
Manjusri Misra
University of Guelph
Canada
E-mail: mmisra@uoguelph.ca
Affordable biocarbon based biocomposites are the wave of the future in greening the
manufacturing industry. Sustainable lightweight green composites from renewable resources
are attracting increased attention from automotive manufacturers. There is a strong momentum
for weight reduction in auto parts, motivated by a need for better fuel economy. The average
corporate fuel economy (CAFE) standards require a 54.5 MPG (23.2 km/L) eet average by
2025, thus making every pound of weight saving quite critical. This presentation aims to
highlight there-invention of natural bre composites (biocomposites). The thermo-chemical
conversion of biomass (pyrolysis) is utilized to overcome the key challenges associated with
the use of traditional natural bres in melt processed composites uses. The unwanted odour of
natural bre during melt processing and in nished products, along with their supply chain
concern, their limitation for use in high melt temperature engineering plastic reinforcements,
and their hydrophilicity pose considerable challenges for their widespread applications.
Pyrolyzed biocarbon from inexpensive biomass, such as purpose-grown grasses (e.g.
Miscanthus, switch grass), food processing wastes and other waste biomass show tremendous
potential for green composite materials uses. Such biocarbons have a lower density (~1.4
g/cm3) in comparison to glass bres and mineral llers (~2.6 g/cm3), are inexpensive, and have
wide supply chain potential. They also have high thermal stability, which thus broadens their
use as reinforcing llers from traditional thermoplastics like polypropylene, into engineering
thermoplastics such as nylon. A group of researchers at the Bioproducts Discovery and
Development Centre (BDDC) at the University of Guelph have designed and engineered a
range of multifunctional durable biocarbon hybrid biocomposites that show signicant weight
savings with a tremendous greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reduction potential and
comparable properties to their counterparts for automotive and packaging application
applications.
Keywords: Biocarbon, Biocomposite, Biomass, Pyrolysis, Thermoplastics
11
Recycling for Sustainability
D. D. Kale
Institute of Chemical Technology (Retired)
Matunga, Mumbai
E-mail: ddkale@gmail.com
Use of plastics in India is increasing. It is estimated that India's plastics consumption is

about 18 million tons per annum. Thermoplastics can be recycled or reused. Many governments
are issuing ban orders since the environmental issues are linked with plastic wastes. NGT has
recommended phasing out the use of multilayered packaging materials. Although India was the
rst country to recycle plastics for economic reasons, today our poor waste management system
is putting a sad picture of plastics use. The littering is posing a threat to plastic industry. The
marine littering is even worst since it is not receiving enough attention. The waste management
of plastics is a big task ahead for everybody. Various issues related to different methods of
recycling are reviewed. There seems to be an opportunity to develop a technology and
converting it into viable solution. Biggest opportunity appears to be in chemical or thermal
recovery. Different agencies need to combine their strengths to tackle this burning issue. It is
possible to consider the plastic and non plastic wastes as source of energy. India can consider the
waste as wealth and can even export the technology for waste management.
Keywords: Recycling, Sustainability, Thermoplastic, Waste management
12
Nanostructured Thermoset Blends Compatibilized
with an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer
Ramanan Krishnamoorti
University of Houston
USA
E-mail: RKrishna@central.uh.edu
Thermoset blends offer an avenue to combine the mechanical properties of two

mechanically complementary thermoset systems. Generally, two complementary yet non-
interfering blend components are selected which react concurrently in the presence of one
another. In this study, polydicyclopentadiene, cured via ring opening metathesis
polymerization, was selected to contribute high toughness to the blend, and an epoxy resin
composed of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured via anhydride chemistry was selected to
contribute high tensile strength and modulus. As the uncompatibilized blend components
reacted in the presence of one another, mesoscopic phase separation occurred, dictating the
overall efcacy of optimizing mechanical properties. To control phase separation and
manipulate the ultimate morphology of the thermoset blend, amphiphilic block copolymers of
poly(1,4 butadiene-b-ethylene oxide), where poly(1,4-butadiene) possesses strong afnity to
polydicyclopentadiene and poly(ethylene oxide) to epoxy resin, were added to the system. A
systematic study of the inuence of block copolymer loading and blend thermoset composition
on degree of phase separation and morphology using a combination of ultra-small angle x-ray
scattering (USAXS), small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) techniques was performed. Ultimately, morphology could be tailored from
polydicyclopentadiene hierarchical structures to dilute and structured equal volume blends and
nally nely dispersed epoxy rich blends). The resultant morphology was then related to the
ultimate mechanical properties of the blends.
Keywords: Ampiphilic, Thermoset, Blend, Mesoscopic, Block copolymer
13
Polymer through Curiosity, Vision and Knowledge
Ajit Kumar Banthia

Retired professor of IIT, Kharagpur
India
E-mail:ajitbanthia2000@yahoo.co.in
My educational journey of nearly six decades has dependent on three major outlooks:
Curiosity; Vision and Knowledge. My small steps in the eld of polymer would have been
incomplete without the above mentioned factual. I will try to pass on to you how I learnt about
polymers on the way of my journey. Look back and think over the varieties of polymeric foams
one encounter even in their daily life and curiosity is the rst thing which is important. Styrene,
isoprene and its polymers are predominantly is of synthetic origin but when travelling through
forests one should be aware of isoprene and styrene smell. Every now and then unknowingly,
one had consumed styrene and acryl amide monomers in their foods. We human beings are rm
believers in MYTHS otherwise how one justify that all natural polymers are biodegradable.
'How Untrue'!!! Under proper environment one can nd centuries old Cellulose, Keratin,
Bitumen, Protein and other materials. Another thing which is impressive is the multiple
biological functions and applications of natural polymer and one must visualize it. Feel your
nails, hair, rhino horn etc for the worth of keratin. Melanin is part of skin and may be useful as
semiconductor, UV and radiation protector, ink and paints, sunglasses etc. It is also true that
selective numbers of these monomers and polymers are also made synthetically. Similarly
many natural designs and conceptions are truly mimicked. The present deliberation will be a
comprehensive approach to the conceived perceptions and a vision to the future.
Keywords: Polymer, Curiosity, Vision, Styrene, Biodegradable, Keratin
14
Opportunities and Challenges for the Plastics Sector in a Circular Economy
Ranganath K. Shastri
Plastics Solutions/Expert Plastics Solutions de México S.A. de C.V.
Mexico
E-mail: plasticssolutions@outlook.com
Over the last decade, the phrases "Sustainability" and "Sustainable" has become too
passé and in some cases, misused, misrepresented and abused. The new buzzword today is
"Circular Economy", coined by Environmental Economists in the late 80´s, that is catching on
fast and gaining more and more attention since it was introduced at the World Economic Forum
in 2014 by Ellen MacArthur Foundation, with leading global brand owners the likes of Danone,
Google, Nike, Phillips, Renault, Unilever as partners, inuencing businesses across key sectors
aimed to accelerate transition to an economy that is redening economic growth. With its 3 key
principles, focused on Designing out waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use
and Regenerating natural systems, the concept of "Circular Economy" ts quite well with the
recent trends shaping the plastics industry worldwide. This presentation will attempt to explain
the concept of "Circular Economy", its building blocks, consistency with the recent trends, how
it will affect the various segments of the plastics sector - including 2 examples, the opportunities
to unlock the potential of "Plastics Circular Economy" and challenges to be addressed.
Keywords: Economy, Sustainable, Circular, Plastic, Opportunity
15
INVITED
LECTURES
Biodegradable Composite from Polymethyl Methacrylate
and Cellulose from Bagasse
1 2
Mahuya Das and Debarati Mitra
1
Department of Chemistry
Regent Education and Research Foundation
2
Department of Chemical Technology,
University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
E-mail: d_mahuya@yahoo.com
The bers and resins derived from petroleum feed stocks do not degrade for several decades
under normal environmental conditions Both incineration and dumping in land- lls of those petroleum
based materials are environmentally undesirable as well as expensive. Thus, there is a great interest
generated in developing green composites using fully sustainable, biodegradable, environment friendly
and annually renewable bers and resins. Biopolymers being the center of attention as the matrix of
polymer composites at present, they are surrounded with much controversy and even terms used in the
area need further clarication and often have inferior properties compared to commodity polymers.
Modication is a way to improve properties and achieve property combinations required for specic
applications. Blending is one of the approaches to modify the properties of biopolymers;
copolymerization, grafting, trans-esterication, the use of reactive coupling agents have all been utilized
with success to achieve polymers and blends with advantageous properties. Cellulose is another
important material as reinforcement in biocomposite as it is abundant and renewable. Cellulose are
useful in different for like microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocellulose (NC). MCC have shown an
potential application in formation of biocomposite lm due to their high toughness and strength with the
required oxygen and water vapour barrier properties. Cellulose nanomaterials of NC could potentially
decrease the permeability of the composite lms.
In this work a novel method is applied to fabricate PMMA based biocomposite after separation of
cellulose in both micro and nano dimension from bagasse. A mixture of micro and nanocellulose has
been synthesized from bagasse by the mercerization and chlorite treatment. That cellulose mixture has
been evaluated by dynamic light scattering analysis, XRD analysis. Then the synthesized cellulose
mixture was used as the bioller in PMMA matrix to impart biodegradability in the nonbiodegradable
polymer matrix. The composite was fabricated with employing bulk polymerization technique. The
composite samples were evaluated by FTIR study, which indicate good interaction between the matrix
and the reinforcement. This interfacial adhesion imparts improvements in moisture barrier properties
and biodegradability of the PMMA polymer.
Keywords: PMMA, Bioller, Biocomposite, Nanocellulose.
17
INVITED LECTURES APM-2018
Innovation in Healthcare for India: Role of Polymeric Biomaterials
Alok R Ray
School of International Biodesign
All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi (AIIMS)
and Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD)
New Delhi, India
E-mail: alokrayiitd@gmail.com
The economic growth of a country mainly depends on its capacity for

technological innovations. The technological advancement not only requires generation of new
knowledge, but also how this acquired knowledge can be converted into marketable products. India's
track record in this endeavor has been insignicant. Beside this, the Indian medical technology industry
is still nascent compared to other Indian industrial sectors and as compared to the medical technology
industry in the US and Europe. Given the very favorable demographics, the rapidly expanding
technology base, and increasing venture capital ow into India, it is anticipated that a major 'medtech'
industry will develop in India over the next twenty years; if suitable eco system is created. The main
requirements of this eco system are trained manpower and new concepts in the area of medical devices
and implants.
India's growing middle class who can afford decent medical treatment and with growing medical tourism
require large quantity of various types of medical devices. Out of one billion+, at least 250 million people
can afford reasonable health care facilities. As total number of medical devices required for India is not
available, one can estimate taking following course. One can roughly estimate device requirements for a
population taking into account most frequent surgical interventions for 1000 population of a developed
country. The requirements for 250 million people of India are followings.
18
Applications Number used per year Applications Number used per year
Vascular Grafts 250,000 Hips 90,000
Heart valves 75,000 Knees 65,000
Pacemakers 130,000 Shoulders and
Blood bags 3,000,000 nger joints 50,000
Ventricular shunts 21,500 Intraocular lenses 1,100,000
Catheters 200,000,000 Contact lenses 2,000,000
Oxygenators 500,000 Rétinal surgery
Renal dialyzers 16,000,000 & implants 50,000
50,000Currently, almost all these devices are imported. At present, we are manufacturing
majority of the base polymeric materials used for these devices but, we are not producing any of
these medical devices. One of the major lacunas is the trained manpower in this sector. USA and
other European countries have well developed academic program in this area. This
interdisciplinary programme will equip students of diverse disciplines equally well to take up
innovation/entrepreneurship roles in private industries as well as in academia. The vision is to
make India a manufacturing hub for affordable medical devices by 2025. This presentation
describes development of indigenous medical devices and also gives glimpses of medical
devices which have been developed under the India Biodesign programme at Indian Institute of
Technology, Delhi and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi collaboration with
Stanford University, USA.
Keywords: Medical devices, Biomaterials, Polymers, Catheters.
19
Renewable Fuels, Chemicals, and Materials from Lignocellulose:
Relating Plant to Cell Wall Properties to Processing Outcomes
David Hodge
Associate Professor
Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering
Montana State University, Montana, USA
E-mail: david.hodge3@montana.edu
As the global demand for energy grows, the need for sustainable sources of energy and
carbon as a supplement or replacement for fossil fuels is becoming imperative. Among possible
technology options, the chemical, catalytic, or biochemical conversion of the structural
polymers contained within plant cell walls (i.e. lignocellulosic biomass) to biofuels,
biochemicals, and biomaterials has the potential to displace a substantial fraction of current
petroleum consumption. A key obstacle in the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a
feedstock fuels and chemicals lies in the recalcitrance of plant cell walls derived from cell wall
biopolymer composition, organization, and higher order structure. Utilizing properties of plant
cell walls or plant cell wall biopolymers to predict their response to a conversion process can be
challenging due to the complexity of the cell wall across length scales spanning several orders of
magnitude. This challenge to characterization will be the subject of this talk and the application
of select characterization approaches to predict plant cell wall responses to a conversion process
will be highlighted with illustrative examples. These examples will include: (1) identifying the
relationship between the p-coumarate content in lignins and its incorporation into phenol-
formaldehyde resins for wood adhesive applications, (2) utilizing cell wall water sorption and
water association with plant cell walls to characterize the accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes in
pretreated corn stover and switchgrass, and (3) application of NMR to characterize lignin
properties that can be correlated to both phase partitioning behavior of these lignins in a novel
fractionation process and the potential yield of aromatic monomers generated using three lignin
depolymerization approaches.
Keywords: Lignins, Biomass, Biofuels, NMR.
20
Nano Functionalization of Polymer Surfaces for Biomedical Applications
Bhuvanesh Gupta1, Amlan Gupta2 and Sadiya Anjum1

1
Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology
Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
2
Department of Pathology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences
Gangtok, Sikkim
E-mail: bgupta@textile.iitd.ernet.in
Polymeric biomaterials have become increasingly interesting in medical science over

the past few years. With the increasing demand for a biomaterial with better acceptability and
functionality to the biosystem, stress has been focused on the development of newer material.
The major requirements for biomedical applications are nontoxicity, the ability to be sterilized,
mechanical properties and the most important one is the biocompatibility of the material with
the biological systems. We are working in the eld of development of antimicrobial
polypropylene sutures for surgical application. Polypropylene is a hydrocarbon polymer and
inert material but needs to be functionalized in such a way that it acquires antimicrobial nature.
Such a suture will be extremely useful in preventing infections in stitches especially in third
world countries where post-surgical care is very limited.
The innovation of present work is to reconstruct the surface of polypropylene at nano level in
such a way that it acquires antimicrobial nature without much altering its bulk properties which
are quite appropriate for suture application. The nanoconstruction of polypropylene surface can
be carried out by graft polymerization of acrylic acid so that surface chemistry of the material is
selectively altered. For this nanomodication we have followed plasma processing as the mean
for the surface modication. The most attractive feature of the plasma processing is that by
exerting proper control over the exposure conditions such as exposure time, plasma power and
gas ow, a tailored surface with desired chemical functionality and morphology may be
produced. The surface construction was monitored by XPS, ATR, SEM and AFM and it was
observed that the nanoscale changes remain conned to <50 nm The functionalized
polypropylene sutures had carboxyl groups as the binding sites for the chitosan as well as drugs,
such as tetracycline which is antimicrobial in nature, prevents infection and help in proper
healing of the wound.
Keywords: Polypropylene, Plasma processing, Chitosan, Nanomodication.
21
Polymers for Intraocular Lens Application
Shekharam Tammishetti
P&FM Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology,
Telangana, India
E-mail: shekharam@iict.res.in
Cataract is a very common eye ailment that affects millions of people around the world.
Surgical replacement of affected lens in the eye with a synthetic Intra Ocular Lens (IOL) is the
preferred mode of treatment to restore clear vision to patients affected with cataract. Availability
of very exible materials resulted in simplication of surgery by allowing a surgeon to deliver
the lens through a syringe. Thus phacoemulsication procedure with a foldable synthetic IOL
has become the most favoured method for replacing lens in a cataract patient.
One of the main post surgical complications of this treatment method is postcapsular
opacication caused by proliferating epithelial cells. Most common approach taken by research
community to address this issue has been modication of lens surface with hydrophobic or
hydrophilic moieties to manipulate surface cell interaction. In the present study, inherently cell
repellent photopolymer resins are presented. Taking advantage of Zinc oxide antiproliferative
properties, its nanocomposite resins were made and investigated. Hydrophobically modied
Zinc Oxide nanoparticles and Poly(phenylethylacrylate-co-phenylethyl methacrylate) were
made and their nanocomposite lms were prepared by UV polymerization. Design and results
of the study shall be shared in this talk.
Keywords: Cataract, Phacoemulsication, ZnO, Nanocomposite.
22
Design and Application of Sequential Interpenetrating Polymers
Termed 'Dual Network Hydrogels' for Biomedical Applications
Sanjukta Deb
King's College London, United Kingdom
E-mail: sanjukta.deb@kcl.ac.uk
Synthetic macromolecular architectures that have the ability to display water imbibition
without undergoing dissolution are attractive biomaterials due to their similarity to natural
tissues. Hydrogels have been explored widely as biomaterials for drug delivery, wound
dressing, tissue engineering and soft tissue applications. However, single network hydrogels
have a number of limitations, thus to enhance mechanical properties and swelling behaviour,
several approaches have been designed from forming polymer blends to multicomponent
interpenetrating networks. Interpenetrating networks (IPN) have featured in forming
mechanical properties with vastly improved through double networks especially for cartilage
replacement. Double network hydrogels essentially consist of two interpenetrating networks
with contrasting structures, one a densely cross-linked, brittle network of low concentration and
the other a lightly cross-linked ductile network of high concentration that yields tough gels. In
this paper the formation of sequential interpenetrating networks are described, which we term as
'dual networks' to create tough interpenetrating hydrogels. The formation of these networks is
carried out sequentially exclusively using physical crosslinking methods avoiding any harsh or
toxic chemicals that make them highly desirable for biomedical applications. These networks
are analogous to double networks, where the rst network is formed using a neutral water
soluble polymer, then crosslinked followed by swelling in the second water soluble
polyelectrolyte polymer, which can be gelated and then subjected to crosslinking. Hence, two
polymers are used and a new polymer is not synthesized by entrapping the monomers in the rst
network unlike the double networks, which have been further developed to form composites for
potential application in bone grafting.
Keywords: Hydrogels, IPN, Bone grafting, Composites.
23
Designing of Nano Gold Imprinted Polyacrylamide/
Cellulose Hydrogels for Drugs Delivery
Sarat K Swain
Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology,
Sambalpur, Odisha, India
E-mail: swainsk2@yahoo.co.in
Now-a-days, nanohydrogels have drawn signicant attention due to their numerous applications in the
pharmaceutical and biomedical eld. Recently, when nanoparticles are incorporated into hydrogel
network then it can be applied in bio-related eld due to their interesting swelling nature. The
reinforcement of nanodimension materials provide a large surface area for bio conjugation, long time of
circulation in blood, and tuneable size from nanometres to micrometers with the possibility of being
actively targeted to the desired site of action, e.g. tumorsites. Polymer based nanohydrogels (hydrogel
nanoparticles) has been considered as one of the most promising nanostructured drug diffusivity systems
i.e. means stability, loading capacity and targeting prole of various therapeutic agents in recent years.
Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous cellulose grafted
polyacrylamide (PAM/C) nanohydrogels are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with
incorporation of gold nanoparticles (Scheme 1). The polymerization technique and crosslinking
phenomenon has been explained and carried out by using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectra. The interaction of nano gold with PAM in presence of cellulose is investigated by Fourier
transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The elemental
composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels is studied by eld emission scanning electron
microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the gold nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed
throughout the nanohydrogel network. The topology and surface roughness of the lms is characterized
by atomic force microscope (AFM).The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of
nanohydrogels are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ciprooxacin drugs. The in
vitro release study demonstrates that PAM/C/Au releases ciprooxacin in a sustained way (96.5% of
drug has been released in 5 h) and is expected to be a promising matrix for ciprooxacin carrier. The
antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity tests along with positive and negative control of hybrid
nanohydrogels are investigated. The loss modulus, gain modulus and complex viscosities are
determined from rheological behaviour of the nanohydrogels. Nano gold imprinted PAM/C
nanohydrogels are stable, nontoxic with antibacterial behaviours may be suitable for drugs delivery
vehicle.
Now-a-days, nanohydrogels have drawn signicant attention due to their numerous applications in the
24
pharmaceutical and biomedical eld. Recently, when nanoparticles are incorporated into hydrogel
network then it can be applied in bio-related eld due to their interesting swelling nature. The
reinforcement of nanodimension materials provide a large surface area for bio conjugation, long time of
circulation in blood, and tuneable size from nanometres to micrometers with the possibility of being
actively targeted to the desired site of action, e.g. tumorsites. Polymer based nanohydrogels (hydrogel
nanoparticles) has been considered as one of the most promising nanostructured drug diffusivity systems
i.e. means stability, loading capacity and targeting prole of various therapeutic agents in recent years.
Herein, novel biodegradable, stimuli responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous cellulose grafted
polyacrylamide (PAM/C) nanohydrogels are synthesized by in situ polymerization technique with
incorporation of gold nanoparticles (Scheme 1). The polymerization technique and crosslinking
1
phenomenon has been explained and carried out by using H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectra. The interaction of nano gold with PAM in presence of cellulose is investigated by Fourier
transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The elemental
composition of the hybrid nanohydrogels is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
whereas; the surface morphology of nanohydrogels is studied by eld emission scanning electron
microscope (FESEM) by which, it is observed that, the gold nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed
throughout the nanohydrogel network. The topology and surface roughness of the lms is characterized
by atomic force microscope (AFM).The swelling, deswelling and water retention properties of
nanohydrogels are measured in order to investigate the release rate of the ciprooxacin drugs. The in
vitro release study demonstrates that PAM/C/Au releases ciprooxacin in a sustained way (96.5% of
drug has been released in 5 h) and is expected to be a promising matrix for ciprooxacin carrier. The
antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity tests along with positive and negative control of hybrid
nanohydrogels are investigated. The loss modulus, gain modulus and complex viscosities are
determined from rheological behaviour of the nanohydrogels. Nano gold imprinted PAM/C
nanohydrogels are stable, nontoxic with antibacterial behaviours may be suitable for drugs delivery
vehicle.
Scheme 1: Schematic representation of ciprooxacin drug loaded nano gold embedded

cellulose grafted nanohydrogels.
Keywords: Nano gold, Nanohydrogel, Rheology, Swelling, Drug Delivery.
25
Mesoporous and Hollow Polymers Nanostructure for Drug Delivery
Paik Pradip
School of Biomedical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-BHU
E-mail: pradip.paik@gmail.com
In this work, a series of amino acid based block-co-polymers have been synthesized through
ring-opening polymerization and characterized through H1 NMR, MULDI-TOF, and CD
spectroscopy. These polymers further have been utilised for creating nanostructure
mesoporous polymers of PCL and inorganic polymers. The pore size of the mesostructured are
found to be 4-5 nm and with hollow core of 120-150 nm in diameter with an overall diameter of
the capsules of 200-250 nm. The nal nanocapsules are found to be biocompatible c.a. 95%
which has been measure through MTT assay. Further the mesoporous of the nanocapsules of
polymers are characterized and found to be chiral in nature. That is the pores are chiral pores.
These chiral mesoporous polymer capsules are suitable for chiral resolution and stereo
selective chiral recognition useful for chiral memory applications. The second part of this
work is on the hollow and porous structure of polymer Nano capsules. These special
nanocapsules were used to design the nanoformulation with the siRNA, DNA and various
anticancer drugs e.g, DOX, imatinib etc. The kinetics of release studied revealed that these
nanoformulation exhibits sustained delivery of medicines at various pH and temperatures.
Based on these results the Nano formulations were used to challenge the carcinoma cells such
as leukaemia (K562), kidney and liver cancer (HepG2) cells. The cell based studies exhibited a
potential improvement of IC50 against the cancer cells with low doses of nanoformulations
with respect to the free drugs and exits a very high mortality of cancer cells (up to ~96.6%).
Our nanoformulations arrest the cell divisions due to “cellular senescence” and kill the cancer
cells specically through apoptosis. Our ndings could be enriched the effectiveness of
idiosyncratic, hollow nanoporous polymer capsules to use them in various other
26
nanomedicinal and biomedical applications such as for killing cancer cells, immune therapy
and gene delivery.
Figure 1 (a) Representative SEM image (b) HRTEM image for polymer nanocapsules. (c)
confocal microscopy image for nanoformulation of anticancer drugs and (c) release kinetics
for nanoformulation used for anti-cancer treatment.
Keywords: Block copolymers, ROP, nanocapsules, HRTEM
27
Effect of Buckling Analysis of Biocompatible Polymer Based Microneedle
for Transdermal Drug Delivery
B.K.Gnanavel, Radhika C and N. Raja Rajeswari

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, India
E-mail: hod.mech@saveetha.ac.in
The microneedle insertion process into the soft tissue of human skin is a signicant
study as there may be occurrence of failures in microneedle due to the effects of bending and
buckling. This would create harmful circumstances as the external particle is left behind into
human body that leads to unwanted side effects and reduces patient compliance. So, the
biocompatibility of the microneedle is improved by using various types of polymer materials
such as Polycarbonate, Polyurethane, Ethylenetetrauoroethylene (ETFE) and
Polytetrauoroethylene (PTFE) for fabrication. In this paper, the main focus is to identify the
best appropriate bio-polymer material for microneedle fabrication that improves the efciency
of transdermal drug delivery. The Eigen value buckling analysis of the bio compactable polymer
materials for Polycarbonate, Polyurethane, Ethylenetetrauoroethylene (ETFE) and
Polytetrauoroethylene (PTFE) is performed using ABAQUS to predict the buckling strength
and mode shape of the microneedle. The results compare the behaviour of buckling strength for
different polymer material with the conventional silicon microneedle. It is found that
Polycarbonate- a polymer based microneedle resist the critical buckling load during insertion of
microneedle into human skin.
Keywords: Microneedle, Bio compactable polymer, Buckling analysis, ABAQUS.
28
Break through Applications of Polymer based Nanotechnology
in Plastic Surgery
Bansidhar Mulia1 and Biswabandita Kar2

1
Head, Department of Plastic Surgeon, KIMS, Bhubaneswar
Odisha, India
2
Professor, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Odisha, India
E-mail: mailtodrbans@gmail.com
Scientic research and advancements have lead to fabrication of nanotized materials

which could open a new dimension for plastic Surgeons to implement an emerging area for
surgery. Nanotechnology, in general has a great inuence on the state of art of various health
care technologies which in due course generates a potential platform charging the eld of
Surgeon. It has proven advantages on minimal invasive methods for treating the patients. It is
being observed that when trauma is minimized recovery becomes faster, scarring is reduced
along with maintenance of lesser complications. The biosensors produced have major potency
to take care of all major factors associated with surgery. Nano technology, with a concept of
miniaturization aimed to develop tools to create smaller electronic devises on silicon clips.
Retiming surgery have included smaller incisions, laparoscopic surgery, microsurgery under
microscopes, robotics etc.
It terms of nanomedicines, NPs detection, diagnosis and treatment of surgical diseases has given
a wide research path. Similarly, nano-surgery using tiny biosensors, can shorten the recovery
period of the patient, saving hospital expenditure, decreasing the rate of nosocomial infection,
reducing the time span. One such example is surgical nanobot, human programmed device can
act as an autonomous on-site surgeon inside human body. Similarly, surgical blades can be made
more efcient using diamond nano-layers on it, which has high inertness and low physical
adhesion to materials. It surgery epoxy based nano particles contrast agents can be developed to
detect cancer / tumor etc. Super paramagnetic particles are used to carry out MRI scan.
Similarly, in ideal grafting, biocompatible repairs are being carried out on body parts like joints,
29
arteries (or) even organs.
Noncomposite nano-plastic-materials approaches could attend self-assembling nano-bres for
haemostatic, neuro protection and neuro modulation, conduit for nerve repair etc. The smart
instruments have sensors embedded in it, which could provide genuine information about
internal data of the patient. In addition nano-robots which-ever are the miniature robots when
introduced to human body through vascular / catheter with guidance by an experience surgeon,
it has the potency to perform intracellular surgery when these robots are used externally they
perform their biochemical and molecular remodeling successfully. Nano based drug delivery
has helped a lot for diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the initial stage. Similarly, nanobot is
made to overturn the basic paradigm of today's medicine in a prevention model using in body
sensor, to kill pathogens before the patient has any symptoms. Also, axotomy of round worm
neutrons can be done by fento-second laser surgery.
In plastic surgery, nano synthesized plastic material has shown its efciency in cosmetic as well
as asthetic surgery, which has almost changed the art and Science of plastic surgery. For
example, nano enhanced polymeric materials can be used potentially to heal, control infection
regeneration and rehabilitation. Miniature, implants can be prepared from silicone and other
such polymeric materials using Micro-electro-mechanical system. Similar, electrical
simulation can produce materials applicable for restoration of facial animation followed by
tumor ablation (or) trauma, playing an adjunctive role in myoeletric prosthesis. In Breast
Implant and capsular contracture, researchers have shown that broblast (R) are affected by
micro and nano-topographics inuencing the long term bio integration of devices such as breast
implants. According to the researches, cell lo podia are capable of sensing “nanoislands down
to a size of 10 mm”.
In terms of tissue engineering it is the typical combination of isolated cell, an extra cellular
matrix and signal molecules. The extra cellular matrix, often called the scaffold could serve
three primary roles i.e. initially locates the location and deliver the cells, denes three
dimensional space for formation of new tissues and guides in development of the new tissues
30
with appropriate functions. In nasal reconstruction using tissue engineering construction has
been carried out where as the gold standard for reconstruction after rhinectomy (or) serene
trauma to the nose has been deployed. Tissue engineering involves transposition of auto logons
mucosal aps plus autologons cartilage grating and coverage using a skin ap.
In wound dressing, metallic silver with its anti-infective properties could work against micro
organisms and bacteria with its smaller particle size provides a larger surface area of better anti
infective surface. This nano-silver when entire into the wound, it can kill bacteria in 30 mins.
After dressing this coating can stay for several days depending on the thickness of the nano-
silver layer.
Future applications of polymeric material in plastic surgery involves suture (or) injectable nano-
beads which could be easily impregnated with steroids and placed into reloads and the
procedure can replace repeated injection inject. Breast implant can be altered with nano
polymeric architect. Quantum dots can be imposed along with polymeric material to be used as a
wound healing material. The above article represents a revolutionizing base for implementation
of polymeric nano materials in plastic surgery. These advances in plastic surgery will lead to
orthopedic applications / identication of interface / tissue engineering and therapeutic
applications / nano needless etc.
Keywords: Plastic surgery, Biosensors, Nanomedicine, Neuro protection.
31
NATURE: A GREAT SUPPLIER of GREEN POLYOL
FOR PU
Pablo Martinez Cecias R

M/s Artlux TUFF, Mexico
E-mail: pmartinez@artlux.com.mx
Vegetable oils have been widely used for the production of various polymers including
polyurethanes. There are a number of vegetable oils that can be chemically modied with OH
functional groups in order to make them react as polyols. Castor oil is the only naturally
occurring oil poyol, this oil is extracted directly from the seed of the Ricinus communis plant, all
other natural oils require chemical modication. Castor oil is known to consist of up to 90%
ricinoleic, which has multiple functional groups in its molecular structure. The pendant
hydroxyl (—OH), the unsaturated, carbon-carbon double bond (—C═C—), and the carboxyl
group (—COOH) provide reactive sites for preparing many useful industrial products. Castor
oil polyols are increasingly nding application in the manufacture of different polyurethanes
since castor oil based polyols and polyurethanes properties are comparable to those of
petroleum-based analogs which have been used for various applications such as foams,
coatings, elastomers, self leveling oors, adhesives, etc.
Keywords: Vegetable oil, Castor polyols, Polyurethane, Coatings.
32
Graphene Based Nanostructured Materials for Energy applications
Veera Sadhu
School of Physical Sciences, Banasthali University,
P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
E-mail: veera.sadhu@gmail.com
Graphene, a single atomic layer, has become a subject of great interest in material
sciencebecause of its extraordinary mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. For energy
applications such as fuel cells, graphene is used as an effective catalyst support. We have used
single layered graphene to fabricate 100 nm and 200 nm nanohole patterns by e-beam
lithography technique (Figure 1 a). E-beam evaporator is employed to deposit Pt catalyst layer
on single layer graphene (SLG) and multi-layer graphene (MLG) as well. SEM-FIB technique is
also used to fabricate 100 nm holes on SLG (Figure 1 b). The electrochemical activity of e-beam
deposited Pt on single layered graphene and multi layered graphene has been studied by cyclic
voltammetry, oxygen reduction reaction and durability tests. 0.1 M HClO4 is used as electrolyte
in CV measurements. The electrochemical active surface areas determined in this study clearly
showed better electrochemical activity on Pt/SLG. The ORR and durability tests showed much
better performance for Pt/SLG compared to Pt/MLG. The Pt thin lm on SLG showed high
stability, about 98% ECSA retention, after 1400 CV cycles, whereas the Pt lm on MLG
(multilayered graphene) showed low stability, about 60% ECSA retention. The electrocatalytic
activity when they used as catalyst support and fuel cell performance will be discussed.
Keywords: Graphene, Cyclic voltammetry, Platinum, Fuel cell.
33
Advancements in Flexible Energy Storage Devices through
Novel Polymeric Electrodes and Electrolytes
Sudha J Devaki
Chemical Science and Technology Division
CSIR-NIIST, Trivandrum.
E-mail: sudhajd2001@yahoo.co.in
The dawn of exible, wearable electronics and portable devices has placed large
demands on the the exible energy storage systems. The requirement of high energy density,
power density and cycling stability can be achieved through the use of highly conducting
materials with high surface area that enable facile electrochemical process. This must be
coupled with robustness of the exible electrode and electrolyte. The present energy storage
devices such as lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors are too rigid, heavy and bulky to match
the particular requirements of exible electronics. Therefore, the movement towards the next
generation energy storage devices containing lithium ion batteries and super capacitors is to
achieve light, exible and small units with shape conformability, aesthetic diversity and
excellent mechanical properties. The key challenges are selection and design of electrodes,
electrolytes, exible electrode materials with excellent mechanical properties and fabrication of
exible electrode materials with high specic capacitance and conductivity. The presentation
may addresses on the recent advancements in exible energy -storage devices including lithium
ion batteries, supercapacitors and the cutting-edge examples in exible lithium ion batteries and
their technological innovations and challenges. This may include an overview of recent
advancements in conducting polymers, carbon materials and their composites based electrode
materials for exible energy storage devices which are trending to overcome the existing
technological bottle -necks and realising the most efcient and sustainable energy storage
devices. The presentation may also address on the overview of polymeric materials for the
fabrication of electrodes and electrolytes for the development of high performance exible
energy storage devices.
Keywords: Supercapacitors, Polymeric materials, Energy storage, Electrodes.
34
Durable, Efcient and Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator
from Electrospun Pani/HNT/PVDF Nanocomposite
1 1 2
S. Anandhan , Mohammed Khalifa , Arunjunairaj Mahendran
1
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India
2
Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH,
W3C, A-9300 St. Veit/Glan, Linz, Austria
E-mail: anandtmg@gmail.com
Currently, there is considerable research focus on portable, lightweight, shock-resistant,

and inexpensive wearable devices that are ideally powered by harvesting abundant mechanical
or vibration energy, making battery or related wiring superuous. In this study, piezoelectric
nanogenerator was electrospun from PANi/HNT/PVDF nanocomposite. Polymorphism,
crystallinity and morphology of the nanogenerator were explored in detail. HNT and PANi acted
as a nucleating agent and conductive ller, respectively in PVDF; their synergism helps improve
the piezoelectric performance of PVDF. The piezoelectric performance of the nanogenerator
patch was studied under various external mechanical stresses, such as pressure, tapping, and
impact. A maximum voltage output of ~7.2 V was generated by the nanogenerator under impact.
The nanogenerator patch attached to human arm exhibited not only excellent piezoelectric
response during arm movements, but, also proved to be exible, highly sensitive and durable.
This nanogenerator could possibly be used in wearable piezoelectric energy conversion
application for self-powered devices.
Keywords: Energy harvesting, Nanogenerator, PVDF, Electrospinning Piezoelectricity.
35
Organic Solar Cells: Challenges in Materials Design and Devices
Amaresh Mishra
School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University
Odisha, India
E-mail: amaresh.mishra@suniv.ac.in
In the recent years the development of clean and renewable energy sources is one of the
major scientic and technological challenges. In this context, the conversion of solar energy
appears as one of the most attractive alternative to address global environmental issues. In
recent years thin-lm organic solar cells (OSC) have attracted increasing fundamental and
technological interest motivated by the possibility to develop light weight, large-area and cost-
effective photovoltaic energy sources.
The most efcient organic solar cells are generally based on the donor:acceptor heterojunctions
combining conjugated organic semiconductors as donor materials and fullerene and its
derivatives as acceptors. The intense multidisciplinary research approach developed in the
recent years has generated considerable progress and power conversion efciencies exceeding
10% have been reported for organic solar cells based on conjugated oligomers and polymers as
donor material. Recently, non-fullerene oligomeric acceptors have also emerging as novel
material concept for performance enhancement due to their tunable properties and compatibility
with various donor materials. Efciency of nearly 14% has been reported.
We are involved in the synthesis and investigation of novel acceptor-substituted thiophene-
based materials with tunable physical and chemical properties for the various solar cell
applications. After a general presentation of the state-of-the-art on the various aspects of organic
solar cells including active materials, device performance and evaluation will be discussed.
Major emphasis will be given on the correlation between the molecular structure and properties
of the material with the device performances.
Keywords: Organic solar cell, Oligomers, Heterojunction, Thiophene.
36
Development of Isotropic Epoxy based Thermal Conductive Adhesive
for Sensor Interconnection Applications
Manoj Kumar Gupta

Institute for Plasma Research
Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
E-mail: jmk@ipr.res.in
The primary aim of this work is to develop an isotropic thermal conductive adhesive,
based on epoxy which in turn can be used in thermal sensor interconnection applications. The
intended use of epoxy based adhesives paste is to make the joining process non-welding,
non–brazing and non-soldering type which can attribute towards high temperature as well as
low temperature interconnection. The thermal conductivity of virgin epoxy is to be enhanced
from 0.197 w/mK by using hybrid ller materials, having better intrinsic thermal conductivities
such as Boron Nitride (BN) Power and Graphite Powder (Gr). These micro-sized particles paste
can be used for sealing, Flip-Flop binding like non-conventional applications. Thermal
conductivities of epoxy micro hybrid composites are analyzed by the thermal conductivity
tester, the exfoliation structure and morphology of llers in matrix has been characterized by
using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The shear strength of adhesives has been
characterized by using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The rotational rheometry was used
to measure shear viscosity. Improvement in Thermal conductivity of hybrid lled epoxy is
marked up to 2.02 W/mK at 60 wt% of hybrid ller loading while improving of Tensile Strength
and Peel Strength up to 24 MPa and 10 MPa respectively. The current work gives perspective
about use of Epoxy as a welding free bonding material for using in sensor interconnection where
heat transfer is the major criteria.
Keywords: Adhesives, Boron nitride, Graphite, Epoxy resins, SEM, UTM.
37
Fabrication and Physico-Chemical Properties
of Glass Fabric-Multifunctional Epoxy Resin Composite
P. H. Parsania and Jignesh P. Patel

Polymer Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry,
Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
E-mail: phparsania22@gmail.com
(2E, 6E) 2, 6-Bis(4-aminobenzylidene)cyclohexanone (BABC) was used as a curing

agent for tetrafunctional epoxy resin of bisphenol-C-formaldehyde (EBCF). Cured resin
(EBCF-BABC) was characterized by FTIR, DSC and TGA techniques. A broad endothermic
o
transition at 236.4 C is conrmed as decomposition transition and supplemented by TGA
o
thermogram at that temperature. EBCF-BABC is thermally stable up to 175 C and followed two
o
step degradation reactions. First step has involved 19.6% weight loss over 175-350 C with
o
temperature of maximum weight loss at 216.6 C. Similarly second step has involved 51.7%
o o
weight loss over 350-500 C with temperature of maximum weight loss at 411.8 C. A 5.24 mm
thick G-EBCF-BABC showed 140 MPa tensile strength, 192.3 MPa exural strength, 7.524
-2 -1
GPa exural modulus, 33.3 kgm impact strength, 38 Barcol hardness, 9 kVmm electric
12
strength, 3.6x10 ohm cm volume resistivity and 12.4% equilibrium water absorption. Good
thermo-mechanical, electrical and excellent hydrolytic stability of G-EBCF-BABC signied its
usefulness for low load bearing housing, electrical and electronic and marine applications.
Keywords: Epoxy Resin, Thermal properties, Tensile strength, Hydrolytic stability.
38
Production of Polymeric Biocomposites using Enzymatically Treated
Riceby-Product as Reinforcement
Susheel Kalia1, Micaela Vannini2, Grazia Totaro2, Paola Marchese2,

Annalisa Tassoni3, Marcello Salvatore Lenucci4, Matteo Lamborghini5, Laura Sisti2,
Annamaria Celli2
1
Department of Chemistry, ACC Wing, Indian Military Academy, Dehradun ,
India
2
Dept. of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, Materials Engineering, University
of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
3
Dept. of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of
Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
4
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università
Del Salento, S.P. 6, Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
5
Amideria Il Cervo, S.R.L, Via del Lavoro 3, 40050, Monterenzio Bologna, Italy
E-mail: susheel.kalia@gmail.com, annamaria.celli@unibo.it
A large amount of wasteis generated during the rice milling process. There is no or scant
information in the literature about the valorization of rice endosperm, in particular endosperm
waste, to obtain materials. Endosperm is the tissue produced inside the seeds; it surrounds the
embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and
protein.Rice endosperm, an industrial by-product containing starch as the main component, has
been used for the production of novel biocomposites, based on poly(butylene succinate). The
composites have been prepared by melt-mixing the polymeric matrix with original or
enzymatically-treated rice endosperm. Rice by-product was also digested enzymatically with
the cellulase in order to extract some high value molecules with antioxidant properties, such as
polyphenols.Original and enzymatically-treated rice endosperm by-products do not have
important effects on thermal properties of PBS, but notably improve its mechanical
performances.Therefore, rice endosperm by-product, which actually is used for animal feeding,
can potentially nd a sustainable valorization into new biocomposites with reinforcing
properties.
Keywords: Rice endosperm, enzymatic treatment, biocomposites, thermal properties,

mechanical properties.
39
Exploring Blast Furnace Slag as a Potential Filler in Polymer Composites
Prasanta Kumar Padhi

PPC, Rourkela Steel Plant
Steel Authority of India Limited
E-mail: prasantakumar.padhi@sailrsp.co.in
This work analyses and reports on the processing and development of a new futuristic
material using a steel industry waste i.e. blast furnace slag as ller material in thermosetting and
thermoplastic matrices. In this investigation, composites with different BFS content (0, 10, 20
and 30 wt %) in both epoxy and polypropylene matrix base, with and without 20 wt% SGF
reinforcement, are prepared by hand lay-up technique and injection moulding route
respectively. A wealth of property data has been generated by conducting different
characterization tests under controlled laboratory conditions to evaluate various mechanical
characteristics of the composites fabricated for this work. The measured values of different
properties of the epoxy and polypropylene composites lled with different weight fractions of
blast furnace slag (BFS) with and without ber reinforcement are reported. Discussion on the
trends of property variation with ller content is also presented.
The tribological response of these composites in regard to erosion as well as sliding wear is
studied in different laboratory set-ups. To study the erosion wear response of these BFS lled
composites, a plan of experiments based on the Taguchi technique is followed to acquire the
wear data in a controlled way. This systematic experimentation has led to identication of
signicant process parameters and material variables that predominantly inuence the erosion
rate and also enables us to determine optimal parameter settings that lead to minimization of the
erosion rate. An articial neural network (ANN) approach is also implemented to predict the
wear rate of the composites. The morphology of eroded surfaces is then examined by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and possible erosion mechanisms are discussed. This study reveals
that addition of blast furnace slag improves the erosion resistance of glass-polypropylene
40
composites signicantly and thus makes them suitable for tribological applications.
The effect of various operational variables and material parameters on the sliding wear
behaviour of these composites has also been studied systematically. For this, the design of
experiments approach using Taguchi's orthogonal arrays is also used. The Taguchi approach
enables us to determine optimal parameter settings that lead to minimization of the wear rate.
The morphology of worn surfaces is then examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
and possible wear mechanisms are discussed. Further, in this paper the potential of using
articial neural networks (ANNs) for the prediction of sliding wear properties of polymer
composites is explored using an experimental dataset generated from a series of pin-on-disc
sliding wear tests on epoxy as well as polypropylene matrix composites. The ANN prediction
proles for the characteristic tribological properties exhibit very good agreement with the
measured results demonstrating that a well trained network has been created. The simulated
results explaining the effect of signicant process variables on the wear rate indicate that the
trained neural network possesses enough generalization capability to predict wear rate from any
input data that are different from the original training dataset. This multi-functional potential of
blast furnace slag reinforced polymer composites can be usefully explored for agricultural and
earth-mover equipment, home appliances, personal cares, raw material handling equipment,
low cost housing projects and also in aerospace applications.
Keywords: Polymer composite, Solid particle erosion wear, Sliding wear, Taguchi method,
Blast Furnace Slag, ANN.
41
Development of Efcient and Eco-Friendly Polymeric Superabsorbent
by Radiation Assisted Biomikking for Toxic Organic
and Oily Substance Separation
Subhendu Ray Chowdhury

Isotope and Radiation Application Division,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
E-mail: rcsubhen@barc.gov.in
By high energy radiation polymeric materials can be modied by three ways, namely,
crosslinking, grafting and degradation. The grafting has been most attractive now-a-days
because of its immense potential to attach desire molecules by an ecofriendly means at room
temperature. We have performed molecular scale engineering of surface morphology of
polymeric substrate with simultaneous tuning of surface energy and consequently surface
wettability of the material. The above task was performed by radiation assisted grafting of low
surface energy molecules to polymer substrates. We have modied in this way various natural
and synthetic polymers material to turn those superhydrophobic and superoleophilic. These can
be applied for oil/water separation from immiscible as well as emulsied system. These
materials can be used in harsh environment. In acid, alkaline and marine environment it can be
used. At high temperature experiment our materials can be used. The modied materials were
found to show higher chemical robustness. Interestingly, it can separate heavy oil from
underwater environment. The capacity of the superabsorbent is around 4000% g/g). The
absorbed organic or oil can be recollected by conguration or squeezing. The oil can be
recollected and the absorbent can be reused for multiple times. The process and the end product
is economic and eco-friendly.
Keywords: Polymer substrate, Superhydrophobic, Superoleophobic, Eco- friendly.
42
Azide-Alkyne Click Chemistry: A Useful Tool
in Synthesis of Functional Polymer Materials
Shailaja Donempudi
Polymers & Functional Materials Division
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
Hyderabad-500007
E-mail: sdonempudi@iict.res.in
In recent years, azide-alkyne click chemistry has been used as a successful tool for the
development of functional polymers such as anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, self-healing, self-
cleaning, conducting, shape memory, and self-extinguishing/ame retarding materials.
Polymer chemists and material scientists were drawn to the simplicity and advantages of the
chemistry such as simple reaction conditions, high atom economy, nil by-products, ease of
product isolation resulting in a stable 1,2,3-triazole moiety. In our lab, we have explored and
demonstrated the applications of azide-alkyne “click” chemistry for making a new class of
monomers such as Triazole and siloxane functionalized diallyl ether monomer (TSDE), azide-
decorated urethane monomers, Phosphorous and triazole-based ame retardant monomers
(PTFM) and polyurethane triazoles (PUTs). Our experience on synthesis of monomers,
polymeric materials and their function towards protective applications such as anti-corrosive
and ame retardancy will be explained.
Keywords: Azide-alkyne, Polyurethane triazole, Flame retardancy, Anti- corrosive.
43
Delamination Effects of Critical Buckling Load in Glass Fiber
Re-Inforced Epoxy Composite Laminate
S. Prakash and J. Lillymercy

School of Mechanical Engineering
Sathyabhama University
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
E-mail: prakash_s1969@yahoo.com
The effects of the delamination in the critical buckling load failure of E-Glass /epoxy
composite laminates are analysed. The buckling load of rectangular composite plates is
determined by carrying out the experimental work for different aspect ratios of range 2 to 3. The
specimens are made with unidirectional bres of orientation (90°/45°/-45°/0°) s. The width of
long 100 mm and 50 mm at the centre of the plate, a single substantial delamination is made at
the mid layer produced by Teon lm using hand lay-up technique. The buckling loads of plates
were found by using simply supported boundary condition and kept the other side edges free.
The experimental buckling loads were found from the graph drawn for vertical displacement vs
load. By drawing the graph for the vertical displacement Vs Load, the experimental buckling
load can be calculated. Using nite element software of ANSYS 10, the experimental results
were validated.
Keywords: Epoxy composites, Glass bre, Buckling Load Reinforcement, Delamination.
44
Synthesis Tailor-made Imine Functionalized BAc-B-GMA Copolymers as
Dispersing Agent by RAFT Polymerization
for Water Based Paint Formulation
R. N. Jagtap and S. U. Chambhare

Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering
Institute of Chemical Technology
Mumbai, India
E-mail: rn.jagtap@ictmumbai.edu.in
Xanthate mediated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)

polymerization was performed for the synthesis butyl acrylate blocked glycidyal Methacrylate.
In the synthesized polymer was designed with xed molecular weight of 15,000 dalton however
the block length in the copolymers were varied by adding different weight fractions of butyl
acrylate i.e. 3, 5, 10 and 12 wt %. The BAc-b-GMA copolymers modied by reacting with
dicyandiamide (DCDA) followed by hydrolysis to generate imine and acid functionality. This
modied copolymers were employed as additive for the dispersion of Nano Zinc Oxide particles
different concentrations i.e. 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 wt %. These Nano Zinc Oxide dispersions were
incorporated in the water based paint formulation. The synthesized xanthate RAFT agent, BAc-
b-GMA copolymers and functionalized BAc-b-GMA copolymers were thoroughly
characterized for structural elucidations like FT-IR, 1HNMR and GC-MS, GPC. The paint was
evaluated for its coating properties while the dispersion properties were evaluated by screened
for the paints antimicrobial properties against E. coli and B. subtilis strain by well-diffusion
method.
Keywords: Xanthate, RAFT polymerization, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Paint dispersion.
45
Block Copolymer Modied Cellulose through Controlled Method
of Polymerization
Kailash C Gupta,
Polymer Research Laboratory
Indian Institute of Technology,
Roorkee, India
E-mail: kcgptfcy@iitr.ac.in
The radical graft copolymerization of monomers on natural polymers produced polydispersed

block copolymers. Sometimes graft copolymerization of monomer on polymer surfaces is found to be
difcult due to its inactivity for polymerization such as diethylacrylamide and other dialkylacrylamide.
Therefore, to carryout simultaneous grafting of N, N'-diethyl acrylamide and acrylic acid onto
cellulose, atom transfer radical polymerization of N, N'-diethyl acrylamide has been used carried out
using Cu(I)Br/Me6TREN as catalyst in presence of acrylic acid as comonomer to control the activity
of N, N'-diethyl acrylamide for grafting on cellulose. It produced block copolymers with controlled
molecular weight and dispersity (PDI). The presence of acrylic acid has controlled the activity of N, N'-
diethyl acrylamide in formation of block copolymers on cellulose surfaces and produced grafted block
copolymers with controlled tacticity and composition. N, N'-diethyl acrylamide forms a complex with
ATRP catalyst but the presence of acrylic acid has not only reduced the possibility of complexation of
N, N'-diethyl acrylamide with copper (II) ions but also helped in formation of block copolymer of N,
N'-diethyl acrylamide on cellulose. The enhanced hydrogen bonding due to the presence of acrylic acid
has also played a signicant role in controlling the stereoregular structure of N, N'-diethyl acrylamide
grafted block copolymer. The phase transition temperature of cellulose grafted with N,N'-diethyl
acrylamide and acrylic acid block copolymer has shown signicant dependence on mole fraction of
acrylic acid in grafted block copolymers and found to be signicantly low in comparison to phase
transition temperature of poly(N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide). The kinetics of grafting of
copolymerization has been followed and rate constants (k) for graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and
N,N'-diethyl acrylamide were determined and used to compare with rate constant of individual
monomers. The effect of monomer structure on composition of block copolymer is analyzed and used to
explain the properties of modied cellulose in other applications.
Keywords: Graft polymerization, PDI, ATRP, Block copolymer.
46
Novel Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin
S. Ananda Kumar1, V. Madhumitha1, B. Asaithambi 2 and

3
D. Rajagopal
1
Anna University, Department of Chemistry.
2
Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, VIT University
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail: srinivanand@gmail.com
Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin was one of the rst most commercially synthesized and
utilized resins. PFs are little used in general consumer products today due to their cost and
complexity of production and their brittle nature. Today, Bakelite is manufactured under various
commercial brand names such as Micarta, which is produced in sheets, rods and tubes for
hundreds of industrial applications in the electronics, power generation and aerospace
industries. They are used to make snooker balls, friction moulding powders etc. A few of the
major concerns that arose with these PF resins are the toxicity of their monomers. Formaldehyde
has been classied as a potential carcinogenic agent and also has the capability to affect the
central nervous system and remove the sense of pain which is an imminent threat. However, its
application such as coatings for marine applications cannot be overlooked. Thus the scope of the
present work is to explore options to synthesize a novel formaldehyde free PF resins from
natural resources and sources that are less toxic on par with the one in use. Thus phenol was
substituted with the naturally available phenol, which is obtained from the fractional distillation
of the waste obtained from processing, i.e., during the roasting of cashew nut. The proposed
formaldehyde substituent that we used for our work occurs in the nature by our daily metabolic
processes. It was also reported to be obtained from trees. However, there have been no efforts
involved in the manufacturing of PF resins from these sources. Hence we made an attempt to
develop HCHO free PF resin from natural resources. We consider these aspects of our work as
novel and the interesting results will be discussed in detail.
Keywords: PF resin, Formaldehyde, Metabolic process, Brittleness.
47
High Performance Polymers: Polyimides Chemistry to Applications
H. S. Patel
Sardar Patel University
Gujarat, India.
E-mail: hsp13152@rediffmail.com
High performance polymers (HPP) cover a large number of organic materials. Since last
30 years increasing need of high technology micro electronics to space industries has been the
driving force for the development of new polymeric systems which covers thermal
environmental and mechanical resistance. All such properties only are avail by clubbing the
aromatic and heterocyclic rings into polymeric backbone. So, the polyimides are such polymers
which developed for many special applications like LCD, bres-Nano bres, optical bre,
sensors, self healing lm, composites etc. The present note covers the chemistry to applications
of polyimides.
Keywords: Micro electronics, Polyimides, Thermal Environmental resistance
48
Fluorosilicones: High Performance Polymers having Resistance
to Corrosive Acidic Conditions
Gouri. C, Indulekha. K, Ninan K.N, Rajeev. R.S

Polymers and Special Chemicals Division,
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
E-mail: gouri.c.k@gmail.com
Polysiloxanes bearing 3,3,3-triuoropropyl (TFP) groups are highly attractive by virtue

of their unique properties such as extreme solvent resistance and broad service temperatures.
Though uoroalkylsiloxane polymers are known for their resistance to hydrocarbon solvents
and oils, reports on room temperature curable, uoroalkylsiloxane polymer based coatings that
are resistant to corrosive acidic and oxidative environments are very rare. Herein, a series of
vinyl terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyltriuoropropyl) siloxanes with varying TFP content
were synthesised via anionic ring opening copolymerization (AROP) of cyclic oligomers,
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(3,3,3-
triuoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane (F3). The copolymers were characterized in detail by FTIR and
1 13 29 19
NMR ( H, C, Si & F nuclei) spectroscopy techniques. Polymers were cured via platinum
catalysed hydrosilylation to form crosslinked networks containing different proportions of
uorine. As evidenced from XRD, higher TFP content in the copolymer reduced the
crystallinity of the polymer. Compounded polymers were evaluated for dynamic mechanical
properties by DMA: positive shift in Tg from −110 °C to −62 °C was observed with increase in
TFP content. Swelling studies in different hydrocarbon solvents of varying chain lengths proved
the inuence of TFP groups in imparting solvent resistance. Hydrophobicity of copolymers
increased by 13% with increase in TFP content from 0% to 64.2%, as evidenced from contact
angle measurements.
R o o m t e m p e r a t u r e c u r a b l e , v i n y l t e r m i n a t e d  u o r o s i l i c o n e c o p o l y m e r,
49
poly(methyltriuoropropyl-co-methylvinyl) siloxane (V-PFMVS) with very high TFP content
(77 mol%) and 23 mol% vinyl content was further synthesised and its properties were compared
with its non-uorinated counterpart, vinyl terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methylvinyl) siloxane
(V-PDMVS). Swelling studies proved the role of -CH2CH2CF3 groups in imparting excellent
resistance to hexane and better resistance to corrosive acidic environments as illustrated by the
low weight loss after exposure to conc. HNO3 and HF in the case of V-PFMVS based silica lled
composite. Lap shear strength (LSS) evaluation on aluminium substrate proved its capability as
a promising adhesive also.
Keywords: Polysiloxanes, AROP, XRD, DMA, Solubility study.
50
Innovations in Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings
for EMI Shielding Applications
Mangala Joshi
Department of Textile Technology
Indian Institute of Technology
Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016
E-mail: mangala@textile.iitd.ac.in
Excessive usage of electronic gadgets, telecommunication devices and electrical

appliances has led to unwanted electromagnetic interference (EMI) as side effect. The EMI
pollution interferes with the performance and functioning of the electrical equipments, which is
generated through the conduction or radiation of emitted electro-magnetic (EM) waves. In
addition to affecting the quality of electrical appliances, EMI has a huge negative impact on the
health and life of living organisms. Moreover, microwave frequency operated functions such as
radar surveillance systems; weather radar, military aviation, radar guns, wireless technology
and satellite communication are more prone to EMI pollution and specically with regard to
stealth purposes. Therefore, EMI shielding in the form of barrier cage is an important
requirement for electronic and radiation source enclosures.
In order to minimize the effect of EMI, emerging research is focused on materials

providing shielding against EMI pollution. In this context, a novel series of materials based on
carbon nanomaterials such as graphite, carbon black, CNTs, Graphene etc. and their polymeric
nanocomposites are being researched possessing a combination of electrical, thermal,
dielectric, magnetic or mechanical properties. These nanocomposites are useful for decreasing
the EM wave pollution along with light weight, exible, optimum conductivity and good
dielectric properties.
In this paper, three different types of graphene sheets such as thermally reduced and
exfoliated graphene (TRG); chemically reduced graphene (CRG) and Polyvinyl-pyyrolidone
51
stabilized silver nanoparticles based graphene nanohybrid (Ag-PVP-CRG) have been reported.
The synthesis and characterization for EMI shielding has been reported. Further, TRG, CRG
and Ag-PVP-CRG sheets have been dispersed in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymeric
matrix to create multifunctional nanocomposite lms with properties such as EMI shielding,
electrically conducting, dielectric behavior and improved gas barrier etc. The study presents for
the rst time a comparative evaluation of three different types of graphene sheets in both neat
and nanocomposite form. The synthesis of Ag-PVP-CRG nanohybrids and its application for
EMI shielding is also novel for such an application.
Keywords: EMI, Graphene, CNT, TPU, Nanohybrid.
52
Nanocomposite Coatings on Transparent Plastics
for Improved Mechanical and Optical Properties
R. Subasri
Centre for Sol-gel Coatings
International Advanced Research Centre
for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials
(ARCI) Hyderabad, India
E-mail: subasri@arci.res.in
Transparent plastics like polycarbonate (PC) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

have become very popular in several industrial applications especially in aircrafts, automotive
and optical applications, where they have replaced glass due to their low weight, high impact
resistance, exible formability and low cost. However, the major drawbacks of plastics are their
unfavourable surface characteristics such as low scratch and abrasion resistance, low surface
free energy leading to poor wettability and adhesion, in addition to a 9-12 % loss in the visible
light transmittance due to reection. It is a challenge to generate scratch and abrasion resistant
coatings at low temperatures on PC and PMMA, while still maintaining their visible light
transmittance. Organic inorganic hybrid sol-gel nanocomposite coatings are widely used for
improving the mechanical and optical properties of transparent plastics. The talk will focus on
approaches adopted to improve the mechanical and optical properties of transparent plastics
along with the intended industrial application of coatings and the challenges faced in
commercialization of the coatings for such applications.
Keywords: PC, PMMA, Abrasion resistance, Sol-gel nanocomposites coating.
53
Polymers with Cardo Units and Membranes thereof
for Efcient Gas Separation
Susanta Banerjee
Materials Science Centre,
Indian Institute of Technology,
Kharagpur-721302, India
E-mail: susanta@matsc.iitkgp.ernet.in
Polymers occupy a central role in the development of modern society. One of the
important applications of polymers is in the eld of membrane based technologies. Membrane-
based gas separation is an active area of research due to its high demands in industrial
applications, such as, preparation of nitrogen or oxygen enriched air, removal of CO2 for natural
gas and mitigation of carbon dioxide from greenhouse gas-producing sources. However, the
inherent trade-off between gas permeability(P) and selectivity(α) for a pair of gases limits the
large scale applications of this technique. In fact, there is no strict “design rules” for the
polymers to obtain optimal gas separation efciency. However, the structural elements which
simultaneously enhanced the polymer rigidity and fractional free volumes (FFV), are the
important design rules in preparing superior membrane materials for gas permeation
applications. Among several other polymeric materials, aromatic polyamides (PAs) and
polyimides (PIs) can be used as alternative membrane materials for gas separation due to their
excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Considering the above facts, we have designed
and synthesized several organo-soluble PAs and PIs containing different bulky groups like,
uorenone, adamantane, tert-butyl, triphenylamine (TPA)etc. All the membranes showed high
thermal and mechanical stability. The effect of these bulky groups on gas permeation and
diffusion processes were investigated. The PAs with tri-tert-butylphenol substituted
triphenylamine moiety showed very high gas permeability with moderate gas selectivity [PCO2 =
119.0, PO2 = 29.0 Barrer and PCO2/PCH4 = 37.19, PO2/PN2 = 9.67. Whereas, the PEIs with cardo
uorene moiety and long-branched aliphatic chain showed moderate gas permeability
[P(CO2)= 73.91 and P(O2)= 17.12] and very high permselectivity [α(CO2/CH4)= 78.24,
α(O2/N2)= 20.24].
54
Keywords: Gas permeability, Selectivity, Permselectivity, Triphenylamine.
55
Polymer Blends, Alloys and Composites –
Renaissance for Applications in Upcoming Sector
N. Siva Prasad
Pro Vice-Chancellor
GITAM University,
Hyderabad – 502329, TS, India
E-mail: provchyd@gitam.edu
The polymers widely used in mechanical and aerospace applications are in the form of
matrix material and/or reinforcing bre for composites. The other major applications of
polymers include use in adhesives, anti-misting additives, coatings, elastomers, bres, and
foams. Without the need to synthesise specialized polymer systems, mixing two or more
polymers together to produce blends or alloys is a well-established mixing two or more
polymers together to produce blends or alloys is a well-established strategy for achieving a
specied portfolio of physical properties. The advances in the area of polymer science and
technology provide a rich set of materials useful for probing the fundamental nature of matter as
matter behaves differently below 100nm than it does at macro-scale. The micro- and nano-
polymer blends are mixtures of two or more polymers and/or co-polymers in which the minor
component contributes at least 2wt%. In recent years, it is now a truism that polymer blends
have experienced an important renaissance. In this eld, academic and industrial research is
ourishing and the input of research papers, reviews and patents is growing exponentially. By
noting the fact that polymer blends constitute cellulose acetate 36 wt% of total polymer
consumption and their pertinence continues to increase the exorbitant polymers by last 2 - 5 %,
these polymer blends have gained signicant commercial growth in the last two decades. The
important renaissance in recent times has occurred mainly because of the developments of
micro-brillar composites (MFC), electrically conducting polymer blends, nano-structured
polymer blends, bio-degradable polymer blends, high-temperature polymer blends and
polymer blends as bio-materials. The current world-wide market volume for these polymer
56
blends and alloys is estimated to be more than 700,000 metric tonnes/year, with an average
growth rate of 6-7%. The idealized morphology of these polymer blend systems is characterized
by the molecular- level dispersion of the phases which leads to a considerable enhancement in
the mechanical, electrical and optical properties.
It is well established that block co-polymers (BCPS) self – assemble to form a variety of
morphologies such as spherical, cylindrical, lamellar and gyroid phase. Blending BCPS with
thermo-plastic homo-polymers has been widely employed to produce polymeric materials with
different nano-scale structures. The preparation of nano-structured polymer blends for
immiscible polymers with a phase size of less than 100nm is very challenging using normal
processing methods currently available. Very recently, nano-structured blends have been
produced from block co-polymers by using conventional melt processing but the method shows
obvious limitation for practical application. The main challenge facing polymer scientists as far
as nano-structured polymer blends are concerned is to design an easy, economic and efcient
method to develop polymer blends with nano-structured morphology as these materials nd a
wide range of applications in future. The polymer blends and alloys to grow from USD 3.3
billion in 2015 to USD 4.2 billion by 2020, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.30%
from 2015 to 2020.
Recent Applications:
1. Leibler and co-workers have developed nano-structured transparent PS/SBS blends that
can replace PS which is often too brittle and HIPS which is opaque in packaging
applications.
2. New-generation of solid synthetic materials is emerging – remains to be seen how
practical application of these materials will grow from the seeds over the coming years.
3. Emerging applications of signicant magnitude for engineering polymer blends include
automotive panel and convenience food packaging.
Keywords: MFC, Block copolymers, HIPS, PC.
57
Silicone: Opening a New Dimension for High End Application
of Polymeric Materials
Satyaban Jena
Director Academics
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technolgy
Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
E-mail: sjena54@yahoo.com
Silicone gel has light and dry sensation, which is highly stable with time. In form of
oil/liquid, these are nontoxic highly spreadable, highly lubricating and water repellant and are
being employed as cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, make up, skin care cosmetics, hair care
cosmetics etc. These oils can be made available in three different forms i.e. water based silicone
emulsion composition, silicone oil composition and silicone gel composition. These silicone gel
is being utilized as Sunscreen lotion, moisturizing lotion, antiperspirant lotion, foundations,
hair gel etc. In general silicone gel is composed of silicone oil and wax (or) sometimes lipophilic
silica.
Demerits among all these formulations are-
(i) Wax containing silicone gel could not spread smoothly on hair texture (or) skin once this
formulation is applied on the skin (or) hair it gives a creamy coat on these areas.
(ii) These gel when kept for a long period of time there is formation of silicone aggregates
and silicone oil get separated out from the system.
Some researchers have shown that when the silicone gel is prepared with silicone oil, a
polyoxyalkylene-containing organo-polysiloxare, it shows a better longevity. But in case of all
such situations when the elapsed time get over silicone oil get separated from the gel. R R
R R
X SiO (SiO)m (SiO)n Si X
58
R R R RIn the present study, an attempt has been made to prepare a lighter, thin
dry gel which is stable for a long period of time. On this case silicone oil is mixed with
polyoxyalkylene group of organopolysiloxare.
1
Here, 'R' is polyoxy alkylene group / methyl group / phenyl group – C3H6O (C2H6O)b R
1
Here, R is nalized from a group consisting of the hydrogen atom, an acyl group and alkyl
group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Here, 'a' and 'b' are the integers with value varying between 5 to 50 where as integer 'm' has value
between 50 to 1000 and 'n' has value between 1 to 40. The entire mixture is mixed with deionized
water. The silicone oil has low to high viscosity. These are may be:-
(i) Di organo poly siloxare
(ii) Dimethylsiloxare- methyl-phenyl siloxare co-polymers
(iii)Tetra methyl tetra phenyl tetra cyclo siloxare
With the combination of these materials, a new product is formulated which could solve the
major problems associated with cosmetics and other lotions formulation.
Keywords: Silicone oil, Silicone gel, Methyl group, Cosmetics.
59
Mechanical, Thermal and Dielectric Behavior of Hybrid Filler
Polymer Composites for Microelectronic Applications
Alok Satapathy
NIT Rourkela, Odisha, India
E-mail: satapathy.alok@gmail.com
This is a report on the analytical and experimental study on thermal and dielectric
behaviour of hybrid ller polymer composites. The objective is to explore the possibility of
using multiple ceramic llers in polymers to make composites suitable for microelectronic
applications. The rst part is on the development of theoretical heat conduction models based on
which mathematical correlations have been proposed for estimation of effective thermal
conductivity of polymer composites with single as well as hybrid llers. It presents the test
results in regard to the physical and mechanical characteristics of all the epoxy and
polypropylene based composites lled with single ller i.e. micro-sized Aluminium nitride
(AlN)/ Aluminium oxide (Al2O3). A comparative evaluation of the effects of premixing of solid
glass microspheres with micro-sized AlN/Al2O3 on the different physical and mechanical
properties of composite systems is also reported. The last part has emphasized on the thermal
and dielectric characteristics of the composites under this investigation. It includes an
assessment of the effective thermal conductivity of these composites using the proposed
theoretical models. Effects of inclusion of various combinations of single/hybrid llers on the
effective thermal conductivity (keff), glass transition temperature (Tg), coefcient of thermal
expansion (CTE) and dielectric constant ( c) of the composites are presented. The values
obtained from the theoretical model for single ller polymer composites are in close
approximation with the corresponding measured values up to percolation threshold. For hybrid
ller model, the calculated values are in good approximation for the entire range of ller content
60
as no percolation is seen for hybrid composites. The volume fraction of ller at which sudden
jump in the composite effective thermal conductivity occurs is called the percolation threshold
of that ller-matrix viii combination. This phenomenon however has not occurred for hybrid
ller composites. Inclusion of single ller i.e. micro-sized AlN/Al2O3 appreciably enhances the
effective thermal conductivity of polymers. Other thermal properties like CTE and Tg also get
modied accordingly. But, with addition of these llers, little increase in the value dielectric
constant is noted. The polymer composite fabricated in present work must possess low dielectric
constant which does not get completely fullled with single llers. So SGM is introduced as a
secondary ller to overcome this problem. With the addition of SGM in combination with
AlN/Al2O3 modies various physical, mechanical and thermal properties. But most importantly,
a noticeable change is observed in case of dielectric constant value. With SGM as the secondary
ller, much lower value of dielectric constant is obtained which is almost around that of the neat
polymer. It is seen that apart from the effective thermal conductivity, all the other properties
shows positive modication for hybrid ller composites as compared to single ller composites
as far as their applications in microelectronics are concerned. The particulate lled polymer
composites developed for this investigation are expected to have adequate potential for a wide
variety of applications particularly in microelectronic industries. With enhanced thermal
conductivity, improved glass transition temperature, reduced thermal expansion coefcient and
modied dielectric characteristics, the epoxy and polypropylene composites with appropriate
proportions of llers can be used in microelectronic applications like electronic packaging,
encapsulations, printed circuit board substrates etc.
Keywords: Hybrid lled composites, Heat conduction, Aluminium nitride, Epoxy.
61
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Geopolymer:
A New Generation Material for Tailored Properties
Sanjay Kumar
Senior Principal Scientist
CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory
Jamshedpur, India
E-mail: sunju@nmlindia.org
Geopolymers are new class of binder material, which are synthesised from amorphous
alumina-silicates under alkaline environment. These are considered green alternative of
Portland cement as it requires signicantly lower energy for production and generates 80% less
CO2. The process of formation of geopolymer is by mimicking some of the sedimentary rock
forming process and thus the product develops attributes some of the properties of rock such as
durability, longevity and dimension stability. Due to excellent mechanical properties, high early
strength, low chloride diffusion rate, excellent thermal stability and re resistance, there are
immense potential for their application ranging from construction material to immobilization of
toxic waste and from repairing of heritage structure to re resistant composites. In the process
of geopolymerisation, a strong alkaline solution induces the dissolution of those solid raw
materials producing aluminate and silicate species which link by means of a polycondensation
reaction to form the 3D-cross-linked polysialate structure ([-(Si-O)z -Al-O-]n ). Due to their 3D
framework structure, they exhibit very good compressive strength. However, this also lead to
some of the limitation in material properties such as brittle behaviour and low exural strength.
This restrict their applications of geopolymers as structural material. To overcome this
limitation and get the tailored properties, the concept of geopolymer composites have been
introduced. We have carried out some investigation on hybrid geopolymer material and
developed the exible geopolymer precast block from y ash and latex rubber. The developed
products have shown 12% improvement in exural strength without any deterioration in
compressive strength. Prefabricated walls have been prepared using this process and currently it
is under commercialization.
Keywords: Geopolymers, Fly ash, Latex rubber, Aluminate and Silicate.
62
Energy Absorption of Jute/Kevlar Fiber Hybrid Epoxy Composites
M.N.M.Ansari1, Zeid Fadel Albahash1,2

1
Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia
2
Kufa University, Iraq
E-mail: ansari@uniten.edu.my
Use of metallic structuresin automotive vehicles increases cost and fuel consumption.
Hence, many researchers started exploring cheaper and lighter materials with other
characteristics that enhances energy absorption criteria during an event of crash. Natural and
synthetic bers are widely used in polymer composites for automotive applications because of
their lightweight, greater stiffness, and much stronger than bulk existing materials, and also
quite good energy absorption characteristics comparable with metallic materials. This paper
highlights the potential of natural ber along with synthetic ber reinforced polymer
composites used in the automotive applications for crash energy absorption. Hand lay-up
method was used to prepare the hybrid composites samples and then followed by experimental
investigation on the effect of jute ber on crash worthiness parameter of composite material
with other types of bers such as kevlar ber reinforced epoxy composite. The work involved
fabrication of the hybrid composite tubes using three layers, two geometries (circular and
square) with three different heights subjected to a compression test at a constant crush speed of
1.5 mm/sec. The results showed that the tubes of jute ber were ineffective and failed directly,
but, replacing one layer of jute ber by one layer of kevlar ber lead to an enhancement in crash
worthiness parameters. The improved results were observed when using jute/kevlar hybrid
reinforcement, where the energy absorption was enhanced by 17.75 % and the specic energy
absorption was enhanced by 25.12% in the case of circular cross-section composite tube with a
diameter of 50 mm. In the case of square tube with a length of 50 mm, the results were enhanced
by 62.76 % for energy absorption and 58.94% for specic energy absorption.
Keywords: Hand lay-up, energy absorption, jute/Kevlar ber, crash worthiness, crushing.
63
Recent Advances in MWCNT based Electrochemical Biosensors
Jogeswari Rout
Synergy Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
E-mail: jogeswari.rout@gmail.com
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are most commonly used electrochemical

biosensors to improve sensitivity & stability in analytical process. In this study we describe the
development of biosensors with MWCNT functionalized with metal nanocomposites focusing
on detection of biomolecules such as methimazole incase of thyroidism etc. by electrochemical
sensoring using molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP) sensitized with MWCNTs and its
corresponding metal nanocomposites.
Based on the literature studies MWCNTs exhibit extraordinary properties being considered to
be a promising material in biosensor applications undergoing different types of electrochemical
analytical methods including cyclic voltammetry, different pulse voltammetry, detection of
conductivity etc. Recently applications of metal nanoparticles have earned recognition in
electrochemical analysis eld for the sensitivity and stability determination. MWCNT-metal
complex sensor after evaluated through a series of characterization experiment is found to be a
good sensor. The potentiality of the developed biosensors using MWCNTs and its evaluation
through various parameter tests gives concrete base for its application in true sense. In the
developed method, the different prepared electrode which is predicted to exhibit remarkable
advantages like long term stability and good voltammetric reproducibility will be a profound
remark in the eld of electrochemical biosensors utilising green synthesised metal
nanoparticles decorated over MWCNTs. Their signicance will result out scope in building up
low cost biosensors which will have wide spread usage.
Keywords: MWCNT, MIP, Cyclic volammetry, Biosensor.
64
Role of Clay-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites in
Fire Retardant Technology
Prafulla Kumar Sahoo

Department of Chemistry,
Utkal University, Bhubaneswar
751004, Odisha, India
E-mail: psahoochemuu@gmail.com
Fire Protection Technology requires the basic knowledge on Fire Science. Fire Science
deals with the four basic components of a re, known as 'Fire Tetrahedron', i.e., Fuel, Source of
Ignition, Oxygen and Combustion (chemical chain reaction). Fire develops and spreads widely
by the presence of combustible & ammable materials. Combustible material has a ash point
of 100 F or above, whereas ammable material has a ash point below 100 F (NFPA 96).
One of the aspects of Fire Protection Technology involves the use of re retardants. Therefore,
we are interested in designing the synthesis of polymer-clay nanocomposite re retardants. The
present paper/work depicts the signicant outcome in the development of different polymer
nanocomposites via the application of nanotechnology and their application as re retardants.
The formation of the polymer nanocomposite was conrmed by infrared spectra (IR).
Furthermore, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the composite so
obtained was found to have nanoscale structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to
characterize the nanoscale dispersion of the layer silicate and useful for measurement of d-
spacing in interlayer system. It was found from thermogravimetric analysis that the
nanocomposites had more thermal stability as compared to the virgin polymer due to
intercalation. Burning test of the nanocomposites performance exhibited a ame retardant
property, which was also veried from cone calorimeter analysis. For its commercialization, the
ecological friendly nature was studied via biodegradation and was found to have better
biodegradability than the virgin polymer.
Keywords: Fire science, Nanocomposite, TEM, XRD.
65
The Growth and Applications of the Wonder Material:
Graphene and Beyond
Dipankar Chattopadhyay
Department of Polymer Science and Technology
University of Calcutta, India
E-mail: dipankar.chattopadhyay@gmail.com
Graphene has received huge attention in different elds from the day of its invention.
Graphene is a two dimensional, single layer of sp2 hybridized carbon. Graphene has unique
physicochemical structure with high values of its Young's modulus (1.0 TPa), large theoretical
specic surface area (2630 m2 g-1), excellent thermal conductivity (5000 W -1 K-1), high mobility
of charge carriers (200 000 cm2 V-1 s-1), and optical transmittance (97.7%). It has enormous
application potential in different areas like polymer nanocomposite, drug delivery, adsorption,
catalysis, electronic and memory device as well as cancer therapy. The advantages of graphene
in graphene based nanocomposites are planner structure, high surface area and excellent
electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. In one of our investigation, graphene
oxide (GO)/HPMC nanocomposites have been developed. The mechanical properties such as
tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break of HPMC were enhanced with the
loading of GO. Thermal stability of HPMC/GO nanocomposite was better than the HPMC alone
due to the excellent thermal stability of GO. The water absorption and water vapor transmission
rate of HPMC lm were reduced with the addition of GO. Permeability characteristics of the
anti-hypertensive drug, diltiazem hydrochloride, from uncross-linked and cross-linked
methylcellulose (MC)/graphene oxide (GO) rate controlling membranes (RCMs) has also been
investigated. The cross-linked RCMs showed improved mechanical and thermal properties
compared to the uncross-linked RCMs. In vitro and ex vivo drug release was found to depend on
the concentration of the cross-linker, which suggests that drug delivery was controlled by the
cross-link density of RCM. Further, graphene oxide/cuprous oxide (RGO/Cu 2 O)
nanocomposite has been synthesized and using as a reusable catalyst for click reaction. Three
66
different benzyl bromide derivatives have been taken to check the catalytic activity in the click
reaction. The RGO/Cu2O nanocomposite showed a remarkably enhanced catalytic activity for
the 'click' reaction and remained the same for six cycles. Also, RGO/Ag nanocomposites have
been prepared for potential application in electrochemical devices. Electrical measurement
established that the conductivity of RGO/Ag nanocomposites increased with the increasing
weight percent of AgNPs. The electro-chemical behaviour indicated that GO has the lowest
current and it continuously showed to increase for RGO and RGO/Ag nanocomposites. GO
showed the highest hysteresis area than RGO and RGO/Ag nanocomposites. In another report,
reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been successfully synthesized from the graphite electrode
of waste dry cell zinc– carbon battery. Electroconductivity measurement showed that RGO has
higher conductivity than GO due to the restoration of the sp2 structure. The current voltage (I– V)
characteristics showed a non-linear behavior of GO and the ohmic nature of RGO. The
anticancer effect of graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), silver nanoparticles
(Ag NPs) and reduced graphene oxide/silver nanocomposites (RGO/Ag) has been investigated
on human acute myeloid leukemia cells. RGO/Ag nanocomposites showed better anticancer
activity than GO, RGO and Ag NPs. RGO/Ag nanocomposites exposed human acute myeloid
leukemia cell show the possible contribution of apoptosis in the etiology of cell death. Graphene
quantum dots (GQDs) has been successfully synthesized from natural resources and
characterize. The average size of GQDs is 5 nm. GQD nanocomposites have been highly potent
material for therapeutic application predominantly cancer diagnostic plethora. Utilizing its
excellent biocompatibility and uorescence property, GQD based nanomaterial can be used in
cellular bioimaging studies which can open a new theranostics window in medical diagnostics
eld.
Keywords: Graphene oxide (GO), Permeability, Bioimaging, Biocompatibility.
67
Assessment of Fracture Toughness of Nano
Clay lled Polymer Composite using Indentation Method
Venkateshwaran .N
Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
E-mail: venkateshwaran.n@rajalakshmi.edu.in
Recent trends in materials research are the use of thin layers, miniaturization and nano-
structuring of materials which are generally possible with small volumes of samples. To cope
with the need, newer technologies are needed to characterize properties especially the resistance
against crack initiation and crack propagation, or the fracture safety and lifetime of these
materials. Hardness testing methods have become one of the most popular tools in mechanical
testing because of their relatively straightforward, fast and sufciently repeatable performance.
Besides, hardly any time consuming specimen preparation is required. Another advantage is
that the indenter only generates a very small impression due to its small indentation depth. The
study of indentation fracture mechanics in polymer materials is a simple and cost effective
technique for the determination of fracture toughness. This paper represents the nano-
mechanical properties of various loading levels of nano clay lled polyester composites through
Vickers's micro-hardness test. Incorporation of 5wt% nano clay into the polymer matrix results
in an enhancement in hardness of 26.52% and the modulus of elasticity increased from
4205.21MPa for neat polyester to 5051.46MPa with the addition of clay. The crack developed
from the indented sample at a loading rate of 50kgf is measured using scanning electron
microscopy image. The crack propagation resistance is analyzed by the equation proposed by
the Laugierin order to determine the stress intensity factor (KI) for palmqvist crack. This
indentation method has a great potential for the rapid assessment of fracture toughness on the
small specimens without any signicant damage.
Keywords: Hardness, Fracture mechanics, Nano clay, SEM.
68
Novel Strategy for Synthesis of Bionanocomposites
Anjali Bajpai and Maya Sharma

Government Model Science College
Jabalpur-482 001, India
E-mail: mayabpl@gmail.com
Bionanocomposites contain the constituent of biological origin and particles with at

least one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm. Composites based on more than two types of
polysaccharides have rarely been used and many possible combinations remain unexplored.
Cellulose nanobers are being rigorously explored as reinforcing llers for developing new
applications in packaging, building, automotive, aerospace, marine, electronics, leisure and
household. Chitin and chitosan are under-utilized renewable polysaccharides, though chitosan,
the deacetylated form of chitin, has widely been explored in search of various possible
applications, especially in biomedical eld. However, chitin, a long-chain polymer of an N-
acetylglucosamine, has not been used directly due to its intractable nature. We employed agro-
industry waste sugarcane bagasse as source of cellulose and marine food industry waste chitin to
prepare nanocomposites. The self assembly/ aggregation of polymeric chains of these natural
polymers were disrupted by ultrasonication in presence of ionic liquid as the green solvent. The
method for converting the bulk polymer into nano-sized material was environmental-friendly.
The H-bonds formation between similarly structured materials formed a nanobrillar
nanoporous 3-D network avoiding the dispersion problem. A nanocomposite was prepared by
forming a crosslinked hybrid polymer network based on chitin and sugarcane bagasse in the
presence of montmorillonite clay. Chitin and sugarcane bagasse were micro-brillated by
ultrasonication of their suspension in an ionic liquid 2-hydroxy ethyl ammonium formate.
Acrylamide was polymerized by radical initiator to form the polymer matrix in presence of
other constituents by microwave irradiation to incorporate two biopolymers chitin and cellulose
in a semi interpenetrating network. The incorporation of clay produced nanocomposite with
69
mechanical stability under wet condition. Optimum reaction conditions were set by variation of
reaction parameters, i.e. amount of initiator, monomer and crosslinker as well as the microwave
irradiation to obtain samples with swelling degree above 1000. The samples were characterized
by swelling degree, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
Keywords: Bionanocomposites, Chitin, Sugarcane, Bagasse.
70
Towards Designing Controlled Soft Nanostructures
from Peptide and Single Chain Polymer
Asish Pal, Ashmeet Singh, Jojo P. Joseph and Deepika Gupta

Institute of Nano Science & Technology
Punjab, India
E-mail: apal@inst.ac.in
Nature is the most perfect engineer to design materials with very high precision. It is a
challenge for the scientists to mimick the nature to design materials with such perfect control on
dimensions using bottom-up self-assembly. While most of the self-assembly processes in nature
are controlled by out-of-equilibrium phenomena, chemists have been able to develop very few
kinetically controlled self-assembly systems in the laboratory, while most of it being
thermodynamically controlled. In the realm of bio-inspired material research, we take cue from
amyloid beta sheet assembly and develop short peptide fragments based on amyloid core
assembly to perform self-assembly processes out-of-equilibrium to yield kinetically controlled
materials with well-dened dimensions and properties. We report a straightforward protocol
that involves shear-mediated production of a seed that acts as initiator for a controlled living
supramolecular polymerization and renders nanobers with unprecedented narrow
polydispersity. This seeded growth strategy also allows access to supramolecular triblock
copolymers. This, in turn, renders precise control of the supramolecular peptide bers in
different length regimes. These peptide bers act template for the specic site attachment of
nanomaterials to generate site-specicblock copolymeric nanocomposites. These kinetically
controlled supramolecular peptide bers can be also physically crosslinked into hierarchical
network structures to renders hydrogel materials. A precise control over the length regime of the
bers thus can yield tunable mechanical strength of the supramolecular polymeric hydrogel
materials.
In the quest of designing nanostructures with intelligent stimuli-responseand adaptable to
environmental changes single chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) are one such class of
71
materials where a polymer chain with controlled attributes can be collapsed into organic
nanoparticles with denite size and functionality. Such a precise control for designing SCPNs
lead to interesting applications in the eld of nanomedicine, catalysis and drug delivery. A
simplistic method of synthesizing supramolecular polymeric nanoparticles with controlled size
and customized arrangement of functional moieties from methacrylate polymers is conferred
here.
Keywords: Amyloid, Nanober, SCPN, Methacrylate polymers.
72
Carbon Nanostructures Based Polymer Composites
for EMI Shielding
Veena Choudhary
Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
New Delhi, India
E-mail: veenac@polymers.iitd.ac.in
Carbon nanostructures have been widely studied due to their unique properties and
potential use in various applications. An overview of the various carbon structures with
characteristic sizes in the nanoscale region will be presented, with special attention devoted to
the synthesis, characterization and applications of carbon nanotubes and graphene. Many
different production methods for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, its functionalization
and chemical modication will also be discussed. Some of the applications covered in this
lecture include hydrogen storage, carbon nanotube based solar cells and CNT composite
materials for EMI shielding.
Keywords: EMI Shielding, CNT, Graphene, Hydrogen storage.
73
Understanding Barrier at Multiple Length-scales for
Advanced Packaging Applications: Insights from Computational Chemistry
and FEM Tortuosity Models
Bhaskar Patham
SABIC Technology Centre
Bangalore, India
E-mail: bhaskar.patham@sabic.com
Developing effective packaging with polymeric materials requires careful tailoring

of barrier properties of the packaging material, taking into account the chemistry and
composition of the contact medium as well as the ambient conditions to which the package
will be exposed. This requires a holistic understanding of permeability at multiple length-
scales and across different layers. Parameters such as solubility and diffusivity, while very
critical for developing packaging solutions, cannot be easily measured; and measuring them
for all the possible permeant-medium/ permeant-polymer pairs would be an impractical
proposition. Tailoring new materials with tailored barrier properties then becomes an even
m o r e f o r m i d a b l e t a s k t o t a k e u p o n a p u r e l y
empirical basis. Modeling and simulation can offer a practical and cost-effective way of
complementing experimental measurements to (1) rst estimate these thermodynamic
quantities of relevance to a barrier and (2) then to virtually iterate upon chemistries and / or
microstructures that offer the best barrier against a chosen permeant. The modeling and
simulation schemes need to approach the complexity of the problem in a holistic fashion
accounting for the multiple length-scales (from package to molecule), and a multitude of
factors (ranging from chemistry to microstructure to processing to layer conguration) to
arrive at insights and solutions with practical value. To address this complex problem, we are
developing a multi-scale and multi-physics approach to
understand and optimize a barrier for packaging applications. In order to build a robust
modelling framework to develop effective packaging solutions, we need to consolidate the
74
toolset and skill set to address the simulation needs ranging from package to multi-layer
structure all the way down to microstructure and molecular properties.
In this talk, we will present two case-studies that address the impact of modeling and
simulations on development of packaging and barrier solutions.
First, we present the use of a framework based on a nite element (FEM) analysis that is
capable of taking into account all aspects of the microstructure of the composition in arriving
at estimates of the resulting tortuosity, which in turn would impact diffusivity of the
permeants. Such nite element models can be very versatile in accounting for ller shape,
volume fraction, aspect ratio, orientation, stacking, and polydispersity in size, in arriving at
estimates of tortuosity. Second, we present an efcient computational chemistry based
approach – combining coarse grained dissipative particle dynamics simulations with
molecular dynamics simulations -- that is employed to probe fundamental thermodynamic
parameters associated with permeability. We then discuss the short-term and long-term
i m p a c t s o f t h e s e a p p r o a c h e s o n i n n o v a t i v e
packaging material development.
Keywords: Tortuosity, Packaging, Simulation, FEM.
75
ITC Well Being out of Waste
Manatesh Chakraborty
ITC, Bangalore
India
E-mail: manatesh.chakraborty@itc.in
Today's world is unthinkable without plastics due to their wide range of properties,
durability and their ability to get converted into any shape by various processing operations.
On the other hand the durability of the polymers makes it hard to dispose which lead to
substantial quantities of discarded plastics accumulating as debris in landlls and natural
environment resulting in environmental damage, waste of resources and energy. In order to
prevent this damage, plastic waste management becomes very important. Recycling is one of
the most important route currently available to reduce the environmental impacts. Almost all
plastic materials ending up in waste streams have the potential to be recycled into some
applications.
ITC's WoW (Well Being out of Waste) initiative was started in the year 2007 as a part of
CSR activity which addresses the crucial issue of post-consumer waste management. It
involves, segregation at source, efcient collection system and sorting & recycling. The
WoW model covers major cities in south India and plan to extent to other cities. In addition to
creating a green environment it also creates livelihoods for Waste Handlers.
The plastic waste under WoW program is available in abundance at a very low cost and
mainly in the form of lms which have inherently good properties and can be utilized for
converting into various applications. Being available at around 5 Rs/kg can provide a value
of around 25 Rs/kg on modication. It offers a big margin as compared to the recycled plastic
available in the market today and open up many avenues which today's material price cannot
provide. There are some barriers encountered in recycling of these materials such as multiple
76
class of materials, multilayer lm, metallized, printed, contamination etc. which can be
overcome by having various processes and strategies in place. In order the get value for the
recycled plastic waste it is important to improve the quality of the waste at the source by
effective segregation and cleaning.
Various strategies can be employed to add value to this plastic waste such as,
 Compounding Technology
 Modication by compatibilization, blends & alloys, reinforcements, reactive
extrusion etc.
 Molded and Extruded applications using modied materials.
 Pallets, Crates, Planters, Sampling trays, Trafc control &Signages, Swatch Bharat
toilets etc.
 Direct compression molding of lm waste – Pallets, Sheets, Boards, Hoardings, tiles
etc.
 Extrusion – Compression molding.
 Agglomeration – Compression molding.
 Films with food waste which cannot be cleaned can be subjected to other routes like
plastic to fuel or waste to energy.
A collaborative effort is needed between the industry, municipal authorities, institutes etc. to
create value added applications using the recycled materials.
Keywords: Plastic recycling, Compounding, Molding, Food packaging.
77
Implementing High Quality Plastic Recycling to
Implement Livelihoods and decrease Pollution in the Informal Sector
of Bangalore – Practical Lessons and Experiences
Almack Andrew1 and Gasser Michael2

1
Plastics for Change, Bangalore
2
Critical Materials and Resource Efciency Group
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and
Technology (EMPA), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
E-mail: andrew@plasticsforchange.org
Plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE plastics) contain
hazardous substances such as heavy metals and certain brominated ame retardants (BFRs).
The Stockholm convention and national RoHS legislations severely restrict their further use in
products. In India, a majority of plastics is recycled in informal businesses which try to recycle
as much material as possible and thus also recycle the hazardous additives. Through this, they
are keeping these hazardous substances in the loop and are not able to access international
markets which rely on clean and high quality recycled plastics.
As shown in previous studies, the informal sector has the technical capability to implement this,
often lacking is the knowledge on the required process steps as well as access to potential
downstream buyers. We worked in Bangalore where the informal plastic recycling sector is
open to try out such new ideas and worked with them to implement the requisite technologies
and quality assurance system to obtain access to international vendors.
With the previously established methods, it was possible to obtain a recycled ABS plastic of
consistent quality, with good rheological and mechanical properties. The density separation
technology also allowed that BFR-levels could be reduced to internationally acceptable levels
and a RoHS certication is possible.
Our results show that is practically feasible to upgrade plastic recycling processes in the
informal sector using simple technologies. This allows the production of plastics according to
international requirements which increased market access secures livelihood and reduced
environmental pollution. The “missing link” of organisation nature identied in previous work
could be effectively closed.
Keywords: WEEE, BFR, ABS, RoHS certication.
78
Plastic Waste Management – Challenges and Opportunities
Biswabandita Kar
School of Applied Sciences
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technolgy
Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
E-mail: bbkarfch@kiit.ac.in
Foam based composites (or) syntactic foams are the hallow microspheres incorporated
in a matrix. When these hollow spheres are imbedded in the matrix, as they have very low
density with respect to the binders, the foam material could have huge ller content and termed
as particulate- lled polymeric material composite. In case of syntactic foam, these are foamed
by physical means in which gas containing spheres are lled into the matrix by mechanical
means. In case of syntactic foam, matrices are made up of ceramics, polymers (or) metals and
the polymers can be thermoplastic (or) thermosetting (or) both.
Using thermosetting polymer has get advantages as it has favorable synthesis condition
where these can be gently blended to come across the breakages. Also thermoset precursors
have very low viscosity and very low processing temperature, low solvent sensitivity when
microspheres are introduced into these polymers the foam formed get low density, high specic
strength and low moisture absorption capacity. These microspheres are made up of various
materials like ceramics, metals, polymers, carbon etc and in some cases microballoons (or)
cenospheres. These foam materials have very high burst pressure to with stand forces imposed
on them along with advantages such as temperature resistance, strength to weight ratio, low
dissipation factor etc. An efcient microsphere is characterized by its smaller particle size,
thickness of the outer wall and lower density. In the present study, an attempt has been made to
generate syntactic foam by blending ceramics, polymers and metals separately along with
cenospheres generated from y ash. These cenespheres further may be used to generate more
79
specic microballoons such as cenosphere, porous microsphere, plerosphere and maghemita
crystals.
The data obtained are analyzed initially and need based applications are choosen depending on
the physic-chemical-mechanical properties of the syntactic foams. The microballoons wall
thickness is related to radius ratio, which is the measure for deciding the efciency of syntactic
foam. Here the base matrix is preferred to be epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, silicone
resin, phenolics, melamine-formaldehyde, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene.
Syntactic foams made up of phenolic microballoons embedded in polydimethyl siloxare has
very high thermal insulation, mostly used for heat shielding for space vehicles and cryogenic
tanks. The general methods available for fabrication of syntactic foams are:-
a) Impregnation of microspheres in a resin solution

b) Resin coating, vacuum ltration and polymer precipitation
c) Mixing and vacuum ltering method
d) Spraying method
The result obtained from the above synthesis are been incorporated and depending on its
physical parameters, chemical synthesis, reactivity and mechanical strength multi variant
applications can be done with the utility of cent percent efciency.
Keywords: Foam composites, Cenosphere, Microballoons, PDMS.
80
Plastic Waste Management – Challenges and Opportunities
Lakshmi Raghupathy
Former Director, Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change
Visiting Faculty TERI School of Advanced Studies
New Delhi, India
E-mail: lakshmi.raghupathy23@gmail.com
Plastics have become an integral part of our life today. They have proven advantages
over the conventional material in view of their light weight, versatility, durability design
exibility, aesthetics, thermal insulation and most important being inexpensive. The extensive
use of plastics in our daily life leads to generation of huge amount of waste plastics that has been
a major concern today due to the pollution problems caused by the plastic wastes. The
manufacturing itself has been identied as polluting and hazardous due to the toxic
intermediates. However the use creates the worst case scenario due to indiscriminate disposal of
such plastic wastes that do not disintegrate or degrade in the environment. It is well known that
the plastics are not biodegradable and the discarded plastics simply accumulate on land or in
water bodies choking the rivers or making garbage islands in the oceans. It has been estimated
that more than 150 million tons/year of plastics produced globally and about 8 million tons/year
is consumed in India of which 70% is discarded (CPCB, 2012). Though plastic recycling is
prevalent in India but according to CPCB 9.205 tonnes were recycled from 15,342 tonnes
plastic wastes rest 6137 tonnes are littered and uncollected. The policy and regulations can be
only effective only if an operational System is put in place to organize the collection,
segregation and channelization of plastic waste. An attempt is made to understand and analyze
the issues that cause impediments in the effective management system for plastic wastes in India
and to provide a workable model for India.
Keywords: Recycling, CPCB, Non Biodegradable waste, Working model.
81
Role of IPR in Commercialization of Technology-Role of NRDC
Bijay K Sahu
Intellectual Property Facilitation Centre
National Research Development Corporation
New Delhi, India
E-mail: bksahu@nrdc.in
The knowledge economy places a mark of need on understanding and managing

knowledge based assets such as technological innovations and know-how. The time for
acquisitive knowledge has become an important parameter for determining the success of an
institution, enterprise, government and industry. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have
become important in the face of changing trade environment which is characterized by
competitive market, high innovation risks, short product cycle, need for rapid changes in
technology, high investments in research and development (R&D), production and marketing
and need for highly skilled human resources. Many products and technologies are
simultaneously marketed and utilized in many countries. Manufacturers or producer of such
products and technologies would like to ensure R&D costs and other costs associated with
introduction of new products in the market are recovered and enough prots are generated for
investing in R&D to keep up the R&D efforts. The commercial success of technologies depends
on adoption at right time and product launching.
Invention and Innovation are at the core of the optimization of Intellectual Property as
both are interdependent. Technology transfer is a tool for transferring scientic ndings from
one organization to another for the purpose of further development and commercialization
.Thus technology transfer is a vital part of the innovation process to transform novel ideas into
marketable products. It is a well known fact that only 5 to 7 percent of the inventions are
commercialized into relevant applications and products. With this objective, National Research
Development Corporation is intensively involved in protection, management and
82
commercialization of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). It has taken a lead role in raising
awareness on IP at the national level as well as capacity building and training in academy/R&D
institutes, industry and enforcement agencies. NRDC provides a platform for continuous
interaction between academia/R&D institutes, industries and IP Attorneys, so as to provide an
interface and enable businesses to resolve IP related issues through licensing.
National Research Development Corporation, a Govt. of India Enterprise operating
under the Department of Scientic and Industrial Research, Ministry of Science and
Technology was established in 1953 with a mandate to promote, develop and transfer
technologies for commercial exploitation that are emanating from the national R&D
organizations, academic institutions and universities. Over the years of its operation, the
Corporation has been playing a very key role of interface between the research institution and
industry. It has been sourcing the technologies which are generated through the extensive
research of the R&D organization through signing of MoU's. It has developed a depository large
number of indigenous technologies comprising of almost all sector of industries including
agriculture, agro-processing & food technologies, chemical & allied, mechanical, electrical &
electronics, biotechnologies, drugs and pharmaceuticals, waste management etc. It has
developed strong network with research institutes and universities along with other
organizational set up for providing technologies and value added services to the entrepreneurs.
The Corporation has signed more than 4800 license agreements.
The commercial success of a laboratory scale technologies involves lot of risks and seek
series of extensive work and coordination among the stakeholders. The Corporation in the
process of commercialization of the technologies makes a lot of value addition to the laboratory
scale developments and brings it to a level acceptable by the industry. Hand holding with the
licensees of the technologies by NRDC plays a major role in achieving in commercial their
success. There are large numbers of technologies, which are licensed by NRDC and became a
major success. To name a few Amul baby food, 20 HP tractors, SIG contacts, Titanium substrate
Insoluble anodes, etc. One of NRDC's most important functions was to provide direct support
83
for patenting of inventions, be it from the national laboratories, the private inventors, the small
rm, and budding innovators in the university. The transfer of technology takes place after a
legal agreement (license agreement) is executed by the client and NRDC which provides for
certain initial payment and subsequent recurring royalty at a xed percentage of sales value for a
specied period.. The strategy for licensing of the technologies also carefully made so that the
licensor receives the reasonable value for the technologies and at the same time the licencees
also get optimum benet. The common term of licensing consider by the licensor are the initial
down payment at the time of signing of licensing agreement (lumpsum premium) , recurring
royalty for certain period and period of license, exclusivity (nature of license), payment for
arranging demonstrations etc.. While licencing the technologies to an
entrepreneurs/company/rm careful assessment of the licencee is very important. It is to be kept
in mind about pre-emptive licensing i.e the licensee procures the technology preferably on
exclusive terms and dump it till he recovers money from the previous investment. In the process
over the period of time the technology becomes obsolete. Therefore it is essential for adapting
proper strategy before negotiation and signing licence agreement.
The evaluation of the technology is a very important step in the process of
commercialization which helps in nding gaps for commercial production. NRDC undertakes
extensive steps for value addition to the lab-scale technologies like Basic Engineering Design
Package, Market Survey, IPR Management, Feasibility Report, conducting eld trials,
authentication of the product, etc. Market survey for a technology is the key factor in getting
advantage over competitors in the market. The survey provides important information required
to identify and analyze the market need, market size and competition. Industry analysis &
business research is helpful in decision making for launching new products in the market. The
funding of the project is also very important. A number of technologies have been developed
through support from the corporation either through equity participation or developmental
loans or angel fund. The valuation of technologies is very important before negotiation and
conclusion of license agreement. The factors arriving the value of a license of technology are:
84
 To what purpose can it be used and how valuable will it be;
 What did it cost the owner to obtain possession or developed;
 How many supplier can offer it;
Some of the methods for valuation of technologies are Thumb Rule Method, Factors considered
by each party, Root and Contractor method and more mathematical model of Korean value of
estimation. In most of the cases, it is expected that the expenditure made in the development of
the technology including legal expenses for protecting the IP are recovered. At the same time it
is also to be kept in mind the price offered by other sources of the technology.
Keywords: Intellectual property rights, MoU, Research, Licensee.
85
Hyperbranched Polymers in Waste Water Treatment and Hg2+ Sensing
Abhijit Bandyopadhyay, Tamalika Das and Srijoni Sengupta

Department of Polymer Science & Technology,
University of Calcutta, India.
E-mail: abpoly@caluniv.ac.in/
In the past and the earlier phase of the present century, hyperbranched polymers (HBPs)
were considered as the by-products of a main reaction and thus were often discarded. HBPs
attracted research interests with the need for the development of polymers with various
architectures, especially through the introduction of dendrimers (a novel class of polymers).
HBPs which are otherwise similar to the dendrimers with respect to the physical and the
chemical properties are much easier to synthesize. HBPs feature high solubility in a range of
solvents, low solution/ melt viscosities, high degree of chain end functionality with void spaces
for encapsulation of molecules and thus nd usefulness in different elds. Free radical
techniques (method named as “Strathclyde method”) are often employed in the preparation of
HBPs with random architectures. We have prepared amphiphilic and pH responsive HBPs
through a combination strategy of “Strathclyde method” and post polymer functionalization
which employed Cu (I) catalyzed click reaction. A highly branched copolymer of poly
(propargyl acrylate)-co-poly (divinyl benzene)-co-poly (acrylic acid); HBP1 was prepared.
Subsequently, HBP1 was further functionalized with cetyl trimethylammonium azide, a
quaternary ammonium azide via click reaction. Introduction of long alkyl chains to HBP1
developed a new class of highly amphiphilic and pH responsive HBP; HBP2 which was capable
of self assembling from polymersomes to polymer aggregates at a particular medium pH. HBP2
sequestered and retained hydrophobic molecules (pyrene), irrespective of the medium pH.
HBP2 polymersomes encouraged encapsulation of both negatively charged (congo red; CR)
and positively charged (methylene blue; MB) hydrophilic molecules. HBP2 aggregates
86
encapsulated, retained CR but repelled MB. The extent of hyper branching, orientation of the
pendant cetyltrimethyl ammonium triazole ion pairs and variation in charge of the pendant
carboxyl groups with the medium pH affected the encapsulation and the retention of different
molecules by HBP2. Hence this new type of HBPs may be used as promising tools for removal
of organic wastes from the water bodies without any pre-concentration and within reasonable
time.
In another work, we have prepared carboxymethyl guar gum grafted poly (acrylic acid) with
hyperbranched ends; CMGG-g-HBPAA via a two step FRP route employing “Strathclyde
method” in emulsion. The presence of electron rich hyperbranched ends in CMGG-g-HBPAA
favored the formation and the stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an aq. medium
and also ensured good optical transparency of the medium. High stability and good optical
properties of CMGG-g-HBPAA/ AgNPs system enabled distinct colorimetric sensing and
quantication of Hg2+ (upto 1 ppb) in water. Further, the presence of NaCl enhanced the
selectivity of sensor for Hg2+ and also enabled Hg2+ detection instantaneously. Hence, this new
type of polymer architectures embedded with AgNPs may in future encourage
commercialization of on-eld sensors for Hg2+.
Keywords: Hyperbranched polymer, Dendrimer, Silver nanoparticles.
87
Small Angle Scattering Techniques for Soft Materials
and Smart Materials
Narayan Chandra Das

Rubber Technology Centre
Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, India.
E-mail: ncdas@rtc.iitkgp.ernet.in
Small-angle scattering (SAS), either X-ray or neutron (SAXS or SANS) unveils

invaluable information about the nanoscale size and structural prole in the bulk of systems. As
such SAS has been applied to topics in materials science including ranging from soft materials,
phase behaviour of polymer blends, molecular self-assemblies, structure, size and size
distribution of nanomaterials, size and structural characterization of micelles, gels, protein and
virus, etc. One major advantage is the ability to determine a statistic ally signicant bulk average
particle size in the nanoscale of the order 1nm to over 100 nm with very small quantity (~60 L)
sample for the SAXS experiment. A vast number of scatters, e.g. over 105 can be probed in a
single experiment with SAS whereas imaging such a number using microscopy would be
inconceivable, even with the aid of image analysis software. Moreover, SAS can visualise the
internal structure, such internal pore structure of porous materials.
This talk will be included to basic principle of SAS. We also review the recent works on
materials science using both X-ray and neutron scattering. 1. We will see how SAXS techniques
are used to study anisotropic characteristic and structure of any materials, e.g. aligned nanotube.
2. The application of SAS to investigate the size and structure of biomolecules like capsid
protein or virus and so on. For example, Fig. 1 shows anisotropic characteristic of aligned CNTs.
Quantitative analysis of the SAXS spectrum provides differential structural parameters such as
degree of alignment, inner and outer diameter of CNT. etc. Fig. 2 shows typical SAXS spectrum
of BMV virus. Analysis gives a clear indication of size, size distribution of protein and RNA
packing and their structure in the BMV and so on.
88
Keywords: SAS, Biomolecules, Proteins, RNA, BMV packaging.
89
Schiff's Base Containing Alcohol Promoted Aniline to
Organic Solvent Dispersible Highly Crystalline Polyaniline Salt
for Fluorescent, Flexible Electrode and Corrosion Protection
S. Palaniappan1 and G. Ramesh2

1 2
Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Department
College of Science and Technology
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
E-mail: palaniappan@iict.res.in
Inherently conducting polymers (ICPs), including polyanilines, polythiophenes and

polypyrroles, are organic materials that have electrical properties similar to inorganic materials
such as semiconductors and metals. ICPs have the potential to replace many of these materials
due to lower manufacturing costs, lower density, better processability, higher mechanical
exibility and broader chemical functionalization capabilities. The light weight of the
conducting polymers makes them attractive alternatives to dense metals and oxides for
applications such as chemical & biological sensors, antistatic coatings, electromagnetic
shielding, electroluminescence, photovoltaics, printed circuit board, batteries, supercapacitor,
transparent electrode, actuators, membranes, corrosion protection etc.
Aniline polymerization is promoted by Schiff base containing alcohol group in presence of
surfactant by ammonium persulfate oxidant via emulsion polymerization pathway. Alcohols
selected in this work are Schiff bases of uoro, chloro, bromo, iodo substituted-((4-(4-
iodophenyl) thiazol-2-yl) imino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol, such as FPTMN, CPTMN, BPTMN,
and IPTMN. In this polymerization pathway, sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate are generated
during the oxidation of aniline by ammonium persulfate. This sulfuric acid reacts with sodium
lauryl sulfate and converts to dodecylhyrodgen sulfate. Thus sulfuric acid, dodecylhydrogen
sulfate and Schiff bases are doped on to polyaniline system. Introduction of surfactant and
alcohol group on to polyaniline salt induces the solubility of polyaniline salt. This polyaniline
salt solution is coated on stainless steel and transparency sheets. Yield, conductivity and density
of these polyaniline salts are close to that of the conventional polyaniline salt containing high
90
strength protic acids. Nano rod morphology of highly crystalline polyaniline salt is formed with
uorescence, electro active and anti-corrosive properties. The uorescence of PANI-Schiff's
bases was observed at higher wavelength (510 to 530 nm) compared to the bare Schiff's base
(420 nm). HOMO and LUMO levels are determined from cyclic voltammetry and correlated
with electronic absorption spectroscopy. The highest value of CR (mm/year) was obtained for 3
-7
wt. %PANI-DHS⦁SA-CPTMN coated on MS is 2.64×10 mm/year.
Keywords: Schiff base, Polyaniline, Nanorod morphology, Fluorescence.
91
Polymer Nanocomposites as Smart Nanomaterials
and its Application in High Response Gas Sensors
Navinchandra G Shimpi
University of Mumbai, India
E-mail: navin_shimpi@rediffmail.com
Recent advances in nanotechnology have revolutionalized the sensor industry owing to

novel classes of nanostructured materials with enhanced gas sensing properties. An organic-
inorganic hybrid nanocomposite material has gas response at room temperature along with high
selectivity and stability. Polymer- metal oxide hybrid materials have synergistic effect of both
semiconducting metal oxides and conducting polymers which leads to enhanced stability,
conductivity and exceptionally high mechanical and physical characteristics. These hybrid
materials reduce the working temperature and hence decrease energy consumption. Such
nanostructures change their optical, electrical and thermal properties, while interacting with
analyte, which makes them a potential candidate for smart nanomaterials. These
nanocomposites has been widely used in gas sensors for detection of various oxidizing and
reducing gases such as NO,NO2, NH3, H2S and LPG etc. Thus, chemiresistive gas sensing
properties of conducting polymers (polyaniline & polypyrrole) and their nanocomposites with
ZnO have been investigated. Further, doping was done in nanocomposites using various organic
and inorganic materials to enhance gas response.
Keywords: Polymer nanocomposites, ZnO nanoparticles, selectivity and morphology.
92
Development of Femoral Component of Human Knee Joint
for Three Dimensional Printing Application – Case Study
V.Muthukumar and P.Gopinathan

Saveetha Engineering College
Chennai, India
E-mail: muthukumr@saveetha.ac.in
Three dimensional (3D) printing is a mostly used additive manufacturing technique to

print patient-specic anatomic models, implants, prosthetics, external xators, splints, surgical
instrumentation and surgical cutting guides. This case study describes the reverse engineering
technique for the development of 3D CAD model of femoral part of knee joint. Also, the
analysis of stress and deection on knee joint was performed under varying the load conditions
and adopting different materials. Initially, CT scan and 3D slicer software were used to generate
3-D model of the knee joint. FEA analysis is done on knee joint for comparing the stresses and
deections in different materials under static loading condition using ABAQUS software. The
analysis is done by considering Stainless steel, Cobalt chromium alloy and Zirconium alloy as
the knee materials. The study depicts that the deection of zirconium alloy model was gave less
deformation on static load conditions when comparing materials. It was observed through an
analysis of the results that lower contact stresses are produced in the zirconium alloy implant
material compared to the other two implant materials.
Keywords: 3D printing, Reverse Engineering, FEA, ABAQUS.
93
Smart Material Revolutionize the Automobile Industry
Subhra Mohanty and Virendrakumar Gupta

Polymer Research and Development
Reliance Industries Ltd
E-mail: virendrakumar.gupta@ril.com
In 21st Century, science has moved to the age of robotics where it is expected that if an
individual thinks then also robots should understand and execute the task. Everyone's
expectation is all the works to be done with the least possible time, minimum cost and maximum
efciency. All these things are possible if there is a conjugal relation between material and
technology leading to synergistic effect in performance.
Today when world is moving towards high speed technology in data transmission, storage,
coding and decoding, material scientists are working on various new materials which would be
the medium for these type technology transformation. New arena of technological advance
material developments are under progress. To name a few: self-healing material in glassy,
plastic or elastomeric category, high strength ultralight weight material like graphene,
composite material with extremely high performance are the game changer for the next decade.
Keeping pace with the current growth in technology, even the automobile industry segment is
also growing rapidly. Every part of a vehicle has gone through a signicant developmental
phase in last few years. Be it tyre, dashboard, battery, fuel, break liner, wheel, body, all the parts
have gone through a developmental cycle in recent times. New advance composite alloys are
being used for high strength wheels, metallic body, door. Dashboards are made out of high
strength 3D printed single piece polypropylene material. Fuel cells are made out of light weight
Lithium- Sulphur based composite material. Tyre, which is an integral part of car, is made out of
various novel elastomeric composite material. The present talk will cover the recent
developments in the area of smart Elastomer materials for tyre applications with emphasis on
SBR, PBR and Butyl rubber based materials.
Keywords: Graphene, Alloy, Elastomer, Tyre
94
Graphene Based Materials: A Future Perspective
for Shape Memory Smart Polymers
Satyendra Mishra, Mrudul Sisodia and Prashant Khobragade

University Institute of Chemical Technology
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon
Maharashtra, India
E-mail: profsm@rediffmail.com
The eld of materials science and nanotechnology has blossomed over the last two
decades due to various applications from medical to industrial sectors and from laboratory to
market Among the various organic nano materials, graphene oxide (GO) has a tremendous
interest in a scientic research. Because GO is two dimensional (2D) and conducting layered
nano material and it consists of one atom-thick plane. GO is considered as promising materials
for different applications due to its excellent aqueous process ability, surface functionalizability,
surface enhanced and uorescence quenching ability. In the present work, we explore feature
promising applications of graphene as advanced materials for shape memory applications. We
show that under very less stimuli of heat and current graphene lled polymer recover their shape
memory properties in short span of time. The development of shape memory polymers (SMPs)
nanocomposites has opened up enormous potential towards the fabrication of smart polymers.
We have been working on the preparation of the graphene oxide (GO) lled epoxy SMPs
nanocomposites which may be used as a smart polymer in laboratory to market in different
sectors. These nanocomposites are unique in terms of thermal water sensitive and electrically
active shape memory effect. In this approach, we developed epoxy nanocomposites by addition
of low wt. % (0.1 to 0.4 wt. %) of GO to develop SMPs nanocomposites. GO addition has been
found to be better water based thermal shape recovery and electrically actuated shape recovery
properties at very lower loading ( up to 0.4 wt. %).
Keywords: Graphene Oxide, Epoxy, smart polymer, shape memory, polymer nanocomposites
95
Self-Assembled Cardanol Azo Derivatives as Antifungal Agent
with Chitin-Binding Ability
Golok B. Nando
IIT Bhubaneswar
E-mail: golokrtc@gmail.com
Cardanol is a non-isoprenoid phenolic lipid-mixture of distilled cashew nut shell liquid

obtained from Anacardium occidentale. Herein, cardanol is puried from cashew nut shell
liquid (CNSL) and synthesized to new compounds with different azo amphiphiles. These
synthesized compounds are allowed to self-assembled in hydrophobic environment and
checked antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Self-assembled structure of CABA
showed higher antifungal activity (16 μg/mL) and chitin-binding ability in comparison to CAP
and CANB. Furthermore, the self-assembled azo amphiphiles are immobilized with silver ions
to prepare hydrogel which showed eight folds enhanced antifungal activity. Toxicity is reduced
by several folds of self-assembled or hydrogel structure in comparison to pure compounds.
Thus, the self-assembled structure of amphiphiles and their hydrogels have been found to be
new macromolecules of interest with potential use as antifungal drugs.
Fig. Compound, 4-[(4'-Cardanyl)azo] benzoic acid (CABA) having highest antifungal activity
with chitin binding ability among 4-[(4'-Cardanyl)azo] phenol (CAP) and 4-[(4'-Cardanyl)azo]
nitro benzene (CANB) synthesized from naturally occuring cardanol.
Keywords: Self assembly, Antifungal hydrogel, Cardanol, Chitin binding assay
96
Thinking Rheo-logically– Aspects of Polymer Foam Processability
Anup K. Ghosh
Department of Materials Science & Engineering
(Formerly, Centre for Polymer Science & Engineering)
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
E-mail: anupkghosh@gmail.com
Polymer foams are found virtually everywhere in our modern world and are used in a
wide variety of applications. However, in order to achieve good foamability in polymers,
viscoelastic nature of polymers is very crucial to be determined. Although, rheology is a key
characteristic to be understood for any polymer processing, rheology has dual facets in
establishing nal foam morphology. It not only governs the foam nucleation by virtue of playing
the microstructural morphology of polymer compounds but also controls the growth process in
foaming.
In case of polymer blends, dispersed phase size and shape controls both the gas
dissipation and cell nucleation by virtue of heterogeneous cell nucleation at the interphase. High
melt strength of polymers provides more resistance to thin cell wall against breakage and/or
coalescence during cellgrowth process. Normal stress difference coefcient can be used as an
effective tool to predict the stability of cells during cell growth among blend compositions.
Higher Normal stress difference coefcient shows the capability of the polymer to prevent cell
rupture or coalescence during cell growth. Incorporation of branched polymer decreases the tan
delta value at very low frequency, which eventually minimizes the cell rupture during cell
growth. Selective crosslinking of polymer in a blend enhances not only the gas retention
capacity but also provides stability towards cell stability.For example, in case of PLA/PCL
blends, higher viscous component of the polymer (G″) than G′of PCL helps in the foamability,
which eventually involves shearing and stretching of the polymers. Better foamability of blends
is also attributed to the insignicant modulus drop and the increase in the rubbery plateau region
between the Tgof PCL and PLA with increase in PCL content in blends.
97
However, in case of composites and nanocomposites foam nucleation is solely governed
by heterogeneous nucleation by the micron sized and nano sized particles. Due to the cell
nucleating effect of nanoclay, the cell density of foamed PLA/clay nanocomposites increases
with the nanoclay content. Conversely, melt intercalated nanoclay increases the elongation
viscosity of polymers which resultant in controlling cell wall coalescence during cell growth
process. This combined effect leads to the development of microcellular foam morphology in
polymer/clay nanocomposites. Moreover, the nanoclay tactoids provides resistance to collapse
or coalescence of cell wall via improving the melt strength of cell wall by orienting themselves
along the cell wall during growth process. The relaxation time of polymer nanocomposite melts
could even be a critical tool to understand the foamability. In case of polymer/natural ber
composites, higher G′ in natural ber lled composites helps in foaming in terms of nucleation
as well as by enhancing the melt strength and this phenomenon is more evident for surface
treated ber composites.
Keywords: Polymer foams, Nanocomposites, Foamability, Nanoclay
98
O R A L
PRESENTATIONS
BIOMACROMOLECULES
H
Interaction of Coumarin Dye with Enzyme, p ,
and Salt Responsive Biopolymeric Supra-Amphiphiles
Lakshmi Priya Datta1, Subharanjan Biswas2, Mahuya Das3 and Tapan Kumar Das1
1
University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
2
IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India
3
Regent education and research foundation, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
E-mail: priya.ldatta87@gmail.com
Stimuli responsive supramolecular interactions have gained much attention in the recent
because of their inherent potential in generating new biomaterials and providing a basic
understanding of the specic and nonspecic interactions operating between complementary
polyelectrolytes. Among a variety of stimuli responsive feature, pH and enzyme responsive
feature within functional materials have drawn eminent attention from a versatile group of
researchers because of the high specicity and broad applicability towards biological systems.
This article presents a facile one step strategy to form multi-stimuli responsive coumarin dye
encapsulated supramolecular architecture between three different types of coacervate systems.
The dye encapsulated construction of the coacervate micro-droplets results into novel multi-
phased micro-compartments comprising a semi-permeable positively charged outer membrane,
a sub-membrane coacervate core, and an internal aqueous vehicle phase. The microscopic study
mainly focuses to detect the multi-phase separation behavior. Fluorescence spectroscopic data
as well as surface property measurements point toward interaction of chitosan with coumarin
derivative, 7-[4 (triuoromethyl) coumarin]-methacrylamide (TCMA) and gelatin, acacia,
DNA. Fluorescence parameters also show signicant dependence on the nature of the
immediate environment around it. The time dependent degradation study of discrete coacervate
models based on same plausible mechanistic pathway have been analyzed in water system that
largely coincides with the theoretical view. The concentration dependent crosslinked
microsphere formation without the use of any ionic or chemical crosslinking agent has been
studied. Multi-stimuli responsive feature of these pH, salt and enzyme responsive coacervate
microdroplets have been explored for potential future applications.
Keywords: Supramolecular, Coumarin dye, Coacervate systems, TCMA, Crosslinking.
101
BIOMACROMOLECULES APM-2018
Study on Silver Gelatin Bionanocomposite
Tanmoy Dutta1, Asoke P. Chattopadhyay1, Debashis Chakraborty2,

Keka Sarkar3, Tanima Paul3 and Mahuya Das4
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.
2
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.
3
Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.
4
Regent Education and Research Foundation, Barrackpore, India.
E-mail:dutta.tanmoy88@gmail.com
Nanobiotechnology represents the interaction between nanotechnology and

biotechnology, an emerging eld dedicated to creation, improvement and utility of nanoscale
structures for advanced biotechnology. In the eld of medicine, materials science, biology,
chemistry and physics, noble metal nanoparticles draw attention due to their extremely small
size and large surface to volume ratio. During the last two decades, the biosynthesis of noble
metal nanoparticles (silver, gold, platinum, and palladium) has received considerable attention
due to the fact that these nanoparticles (NPs) have a wide range of applications. The term
nanocomposite was derived to dene lled polymers containing dispersed nanoparticles.
Bionanocomposite (BNC) is a term used for a natural polymeric matrix and inorganic/organic
ller with at least one dimension in the nanometer scale .
Of the noble metal nanoparticles, the major attraction is on silver nanoparticles (AgNP)
due to their distinct properties e.g. high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, catalytic and
antibacterial activity etc. AgNP is also capable of killing about 650 types of disease causing
microorganisms. Due to its signicant potential in healing wounds and infections, anti-
inammatory, AgNPs have been incorporated in textile fabrics, medical devices, dental
material, polymers and burn dressings to eliminate microorganisms.
Synthesis of AgNP is mostly expensive and involves the utilization of some toxic and hazardous
reagent which causes environmental risk. Therefore the need for a reliable, clean, biocompatible
and eco-friendly process to synthesize AgNP leads us towards green chemistry. Eco-friendly
method of green mediated synthesis of AgBNC and checking its antibacterial effect is the main
102
aim of this study. AgNPs were prepared from silver nitrate in a green route by using citric acid as
a reducing agent. Formed AgNPs ware successfully incorporated into a biodegradable polymer
Gelatin in order to produce AgBNC. The hydrodynamic diameter obtained from Dynamic Light
Scattering study is near 100 nm. The UV Visible spectra response with a peak in the range of
AgNP . A week interaction between gelatin and AgNP is established from the Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy. Scanning Electron Microscopy study reects gelatin coated well to the
AgNP and Transmission Electron Microscopy study shows that the size of the AgNP is below 30
nm.
Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was checked using zone inhibition method against
gram positive and gram negative bacteria. From the antibacterial study, it can be concluded that
the AgBNC has very strong antibacterial effect on both gram positive and gram negative
bacteria but more on gram positive bacteria.
Keywords: Nanobiotechnology, Antibacterial activity, Bionanocomposite, Silver

nanoparticles.
103
An Analysis on Biodegradable Natural Fibre Accoustics
for Noise Reduction by Lmpedance Tube
Bijaya Bijeta Nayak and Suchismita Sathpathy

School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, BBSR, Odisha, India
E-mail: bijeta.mechanical@gmail.com
Noise pollution happens from different type of sources starting from household
equipments to machines at industry and vehicles in road. Noise pollution right now affects
living conditions. Human space requires a situation with low decibel levels free of unpleasant
noises. If someone is exposed to abnormal decibel of sound on a day to day basis, then it may
lead to hearing problem, nerve damage, heart issues and blood pressure. Currently, the
utilization of acoustic devices are being widely used in all parts of society and the most evident
being the sound and noise control system. Basically, noise is controlled by utilizing costly and
non-biodegradable sound retaining materials or acoustic material such as glass wool, polymer
foams, fabric ller and polymer bers which are not eco-friendly and giving an additional harm
to the human environment. Fibers that are extricated from the minerals, plant/vegetables,
creatures and agrarian squanders convertible into non-woven textures are by and large
considered as common bers. So some materials of husk, jute, rice paddy, coconut bre, sugar
cane, sheep wool, etc are used to create sound absorbing materials. These materials can be
further tested their characteristics like sound absorption coefcient in low cost impedance tube
set up for showing best result. So a comparative study is done by low cost PVC and glass
impedance tube for sound testing.
Keywords: Sound absorption Coefcient, Acoustic material, Natural bre.
104
Application of Block Copolymer Micelles as Drug Delivery Agents
Tejas P. Joshi
Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored Dept.),
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
E-mail: tejas2709@gmail.com
Many pharmacologically active compounds are hydrophobic and cannot travel through
the water based body systems. The utilization of micellar solutions of low molecular weight
surfactants has been one of the accepted methods for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs. In
contrast to surfactants of low molecular masses, polymeric micelles and mixed micelles have
been extensively used and associated with general advantages like higher stability, tailorability,
greater cargo capacity, non-toxicity and controlled drug release as well as drug delivery
vehicles.
Recently, there has been a strong encouragement to build up polymeric micelles with
smart functions. Such smart polymeric micelles are assumed to enhance the effectiveness of the
loaded drugs as well as to reduce side effects beyond current drug delivery formulations.
Amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers are
thermoresponsive materials that display unique aggregation properties in aqueous medium.
Among different drug carriers used for controlled drug delivery, there has been a rising interest
in self-assembled block copolymers over the past decade.
Keywords: Block copolymer, Micelle, Drug delivery system, Surfactant and CMC.
105
A Simple Technique for the Synthesis of
Dye Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles
1,2 1 2 1
Manosree Chatterjee , Abhiram Hens , Nibedita Mahata , Nripen Chanda
1
Micro System Technology Laboratory,
CSIR – Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, India
2
Department of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, India
E-mail: manosree87@gmail.com
Nanoparticles are evolved with their unique physicochemical properties that make them
an imperative area of research. Nanoparticles, as a drug carrier system is one of the most
extensively investigated eld of biomedical applications. Among the various types of
nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles became the suitable and convenience-vector for
accomplishment of drug delivery. In this work dewetting based pattern formation process is
applied for the synthesis of nanoparticles from thin lm of polymer. Dewetting is the rupture of a
homogeneous lm by creating an instability using specic constraints that results in
spontaneous rearrangement of itself in a stable pattern.
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable copolymer and a water soluble
polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used in this technique. PLGA nanostructures are formed
from two successive layer of thin lm of PVA and PLGA on glass substrate. Rhodamine B is
used with PLGA solution as a mimic of drug to determine the magnitude of encapsulation
efciency. The dewetted nanostructures are extracted by dissolving the bottom water soluble
PVA layer. The drug delivery efcacy of these nanoparticles is also determined by in vitro
cellular internalization study on A549 cell line. Synthesis of biodegradable polymeric
nanoparticles with the encapsulation of small molecule using thin lm dewetting technique
offers a promising method for the effective encapsulation of labile drug molecules. Here any
type of external agitation is not required for the synthesis of nanoparticles which is benecial for
the delicate drug to remain in its active form. This is also cheap, user friendly and efcient
encapsulation procedure
Keywords: Encapsulation, PLGA, Nanostructures, Dewetted, PLGA, Rhodamine B
106
Green Composites from Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
and Chicken Feather Fiber
C. Rajesh and P. Divia

Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry,
MES Keveeyam College Valanchery, Malappuram Dist, Kerala, India.
E-mail: rajeshvlcy@rediffmail.com
Composite materials based on short-bers obtained from agricultural resources have

been emerged as one of the areas of interest among researchers and industry. Chicken feathers
are easily accessible ber resource generated by poultry industry. The feathers are made of
keratin, which contains ordered α-helix or β-sheet structures and some disordered structures7.
Chicken feathers possess unique properties, including low relative density and good thermal
and acoustic insulating properties, which could be used advantageously in a number of
applications. Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) is a special purpose synthetic rubber having
exceptional resistance to most of the oils and solvents, which makes it one of the apt candidates
in industry for making oil hoses. The present study deals with the development and
characterization of chicken feather ber incorporated NBR composites. The properties of NBR
have been found to improve upon the addition of chicken ber. The increment in mechanical
properties of these composites show strong interaction between ber and rubber even without
using coupling agent or any chemical treatment of the bers. A relatively small percentage of
chicken feather ber results in an increase in tensile strength, tear strength, hardness and
decrease in elongation.
Keywords: Composites, Chicken ber, NBR.
107
Synthesis and Characterization of Glucose, Galactose and
Mannose Based Glycopolymer Architectures
and their Biological Applications
N. Naga Malleswara Rao, Palodkar Krushna Kaduba,

Avishek Rauniyar and A. V. Sesha Sainath
Polymers and Functional Materials Division and Academy of Scientic
& Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology,
Hyderabad, India.
E-mail: nagamalleswar9@gmail.com
Glycopolymers have attracted increasing attention in various elds of science with

particular interest to the biological sciences due to their multi ligand nature, hydrophilic
character, better biocompatibility and ability to mimic glycoproteins in the biological systems.
Moreover, glycopolymers are used as model compounds to understand lectin recognition and
determine the interaction with cells for desirable tissue growth and repair.
We have synthesized different types of polymer architectures such as homopolymers and 3- and
4-armed polymers and block glycopolymers by using atom transfer radical polymerization and
reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer methods with methacrylated monomers and
initiators namely glucose, galactose and mannose based monomers and macro- and 3- and 4-
armed initiators. The synthesized polymers were characterized by spectroscopic techniques,
molecular weight by GPC and thermal properties were evaluated by TGA and DSC before and
after deprotection of the macromolecular architectures. We employed these water soluble
polymers to understand functional moieties response on osteoblast cells in terms of cell
adhesion, viability and proliferation. In addition, these macromolecular architectures are used
to achieve bi-ligand functionalized multivalent glycopolymer-gold complexes. Details of the
synthesis process and achievements of the macromolecular glycoarchitectures will be discussed
in our oral presentation.
108
(a) Chemical structures of the glycopolymer architectures, (b) osteoblast cell proliferation in the
presence of glycopolymers and (c) TEM image of bi-ligand functionalized multivalent
glycopolymer-gold complex.
Keywords: Glycopolymer, Lectin, Deprotection, Osteoblast, Bi-ligand, Proliferation, TEM.
109
Curcumin Encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks as
Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery System and their Interaction
with Biomimetic Environment
Ashish Tiwari1, Ashutosh Singh2, Neha Garg2 and Jaspreet Kaur Randhawa1
1
School of Engineering, IIT Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
2
School of Basic Sciences, IIT Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
E-mail: ashish_tiwari@students.iitmandi.ac.in
Since their evolution, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit unique features of
nely tunable pore structures, excellent chemical stability and exible surface structural
functionality, making them advantageous for a wide range of applications including energy
storage, compound separation, catalysis, and drug delivery. The present work enlightens a novel
approach of single step fabrication of CCM-ZIF-8 as a drug carrier and its application as stimuli
responsive drug delivery systems via external stimuli involving change in pH and in presence of
biomimetic cell membrane like environment using liposomes and SDS micelles. The
methodology is devoid of any post synthesis drug loading steps. The synthesized curcumin
encapsulated ZIF-8 frameworks demonstrate ultrahigh drug encapsulation efciency (ca.
83.33%) and good chemical stability. In vitro drug release of curcumin was three times higher in
acidic medium than physiological. Cytotoxicity results demonstrated enhanced therapeutic
effect of CCM-ZIF-8 than free curcumin. Confocal microscopy results exhibited easy cellular
internalization of CCM-ZIF-8 in HeLa cells. Intracellular colocalization of CCM-ZIF-8
conrmed the clathrin-mediated endocytosis to lysosomal pathway of CCM-ZIF-8, with
maximum colocalization with lysosome without mitochondria being an intracellular fate. The
results signify that CCM-ZIF-8 is an efcient drug carrier for passive tumor therapy in future for
cancer treatments.
Keywords: Biomimetic cell, Colocalization, MOFs, Drug delivery, CCM-ZIF-8, Liposomes,

SDS, curcumin, Confocal microscopy, HeLa cells, Endocytosis, Tumor, Cancer.
110
A Comparison Study of Structural and Thermal Properties
of Few Electron Beam Irradiated Biopolymers
1 2 2 3
N. Rajeswara Rao , S.V.S. Ramana Reddy , T. Venkatappa Rao and B. Sanjeeva Rao
1
ACET, Surampalem, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2
Department of Physics, NIT, Warangal, Telangana, India.
3
Department of Physics, Govt. Degree College, Warangal, Telangana, India.
E-mail: rajeshn9@gmail.com
The paper presents the comparison studies on structural and thermal properties of
polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) irradiated with electron beam. The doses
delivered to biopolymer samples are 30, 60 and 90 kGy of radiation. Commercial samples of
PLA and PGA are procured and irradiated with electron beam of energy 2 MeV. The irradiation
was carried out in air at room temperature. Irradiation of biopolymer samples PLA and PGA
produces different types of free radicals. These free radicals are identied using electron spin
resonance (ESR) spectrometer and ESR spectra of irradiated biopolymer samples are recorded
under various conditions i.e. variation of dose, temperature etc. ESR simulation studies were
also performed using easy spin tool to nd out component spectra of each free radical species
arise due to irradiation. Dosimetric aspects of irradiated biopolymers were also compared and it
is observed that irradiated PGA is a potential reference material for ESR dosimetry. Thermal
properties of the irradiated biopolymers were also studied using Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC). DSC studies indicate that both glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting
temperature (Tm) of PLA decrease with the increase of radiation dose. However melting
enthalpy and degree of crystallinity (DOC) increased initially up to 60 kGy of radiation dose
followed by a decrease at 90 kGy dose. PGA also shows same trend in melting temperature but
the DOC increased initially up to 30 kGy of dose and decreased at later doses. It is also observed
that the irradiated biopolymers show two phase system. The use of biopolymers in packaging
and biomedical industries depends on thermal and crystalline properties and electron beam
irradiation has successfully tailored the physicochemical properties of PLA and PGA.
Keywords: Biopolymers, PLA, PGA, Irradiation, Dosimetric, Electron beam
111
Development of Antimicrobial Polyethylene Terephthalate Sutures:
A Fascinating Approach
Sadiya Anjum1, Amlan Gupta2 and Bhuvanesh Gupta1

1
Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, IIT, New Delhi, India
2
Department of Pathology, SMIMS, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
E-mail: sadiya2203@gmail.com
Surgical sutures are the most widely used medical devices in healthcare applications for
wound closure which approximates the tissue edges for subsequent healing. During their
application, sutures may be exposed to microorganisms present in the environment leading to
bacterial infection and biolm formation leading to surgical site complications. In such a
context, it is necessary to develop sutures which inhibit the bacterial adherence and colonization
on their surfaces. A combination of materials science and biomedical engineering has been
proposed as a solution to this dilemma. The aim of this study was the development of
antimicrobial bioactive polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surgical suture by adopting the
immobilization route with bioactive nanogels. Among all the nanomaterials, extensive research
has been dedicated to the development of nanosilver based systems due to its high effectiveness
against microbes. The functional nanosilver was prepared using polyethylene glycol gel which
helps in the reduction of silver ions into nanosilver as well as stabilization of nanoparticles.
Carbon dioxide plasma was used for the generation of carboxyl functionality on PET surface for
the immobilization of the bioactive components. Mechanical properties, surface topography
and elemental analysis were analyzed on these sutures.
The cumulative release of silver from the dressing was found to be 68% of the total loading after
72 h. Coated sutures have excellent bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against both E. coli
and S. aureus. In vivo wound healing and histopathology studies were carried out over a period
of 3 d for skin wounds created on Swiss albino mice. Fast healing was observed in nanogel
treated wounds without any inammatory effects on the newly generated skin. These sutures
offer improved healing along with excellent antimicrobial properties and appear to be
promising material against surgical infection.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Nanogel, Bacteriostatic, PET, Nanosilver, Histopathology,

Bacteriostatic, Bactericidal, Swiss albino mice.
112
Effect of Processing Parameter on the Surface and
Mechanical Properties of Porous PLA Scaffold
Pooja Bhati, Ramya Ahuja and Naresh Bhatnagar

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi
Email: pooja1380@gmail.com
Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the bioresorbable polymer which is widely being used in
the medical industry. PLA is used for scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering purpose, drug
delivery devices, implants such as stent and nerve conduits, sutures and bone screws due to its
excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and its bioresorbable nature. The effect of
screw rpm and foaming gas pressure on the mechanical properties, morphology and wettability
of porous PLA tubes is studied. Five different screw rpm (5, 8, 11, 14, 17) and two different
foaming gas pressure i.e. CO2 at 40 kg/cm2 and 50 kg/cm2 are used for the fabrication of porous
PLA tubes for tissue engineering application. The compressive properties of the different
porous microcellular PLA tubes is evaluated and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used
for the morphological evaluation of the compression tested samples before and after testing. The
compressive properties of the different porous microcellular PLA tubes is evaluated and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used for the morphological evaluation of the
compression tested samples before and after testing. Further, XRD studies show. s increase in
crystallinity of PLA with increase in screw rpm and reaching maximum crystallinity at 11 screw
2 2
rpm at 40kg/cm gas pressure and at 14 screw rpm in 50kg/cm gas pressure and with further
increase in screw rpm crystallinity is decreasing.
XRD spectrum of Porous PLA scaffold fabricated at different screw rpm and gas pressure (40
and 50kg/cm2 )
Keywords: Bioresorbable, PLA, Drug delivery device, SEM, Scaffold.
113
Polymersomes and their Interaction with Model Plasmatic Proteins
Anitha C Kumar
Department of Chemistry, Acharya nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh
E-mail: anitha.kumar@gmail.com
Nanometer size range polypeptide-based diblock copolymers have great potential in

variety of applications and nanotechnologies, mainly due to their ability to self-assemble in a
controlled manner and to respond to stimuli such as pH, temperature and ionic strength. Among
all their potential interest, their use as injectable polymeric nanoparticles has the ability to
revolutionize disease treatment via spatially and temporally controlled drug delivery. However,
opsonin proteins present in the blood serum quickly bind to conventional non-stealth
nanoparticles, allowing macrophages of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) to easily
recognize and remove these drug delivery devices before they can perform the desired
therapeutic function. The aim of this work is to evaluate the interaction of poly(ethylene oxyde)
PEO and jeffamine (random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) block to bovine
serum albumin (BSA) as a model of plasmatic protein. The control of the chain surface density
and uniformity is achieved by covalently linking the stealth block to a hydrophobic block. The
resulting block copolymer can self-assemble into vesicles with controlled size and
polydispersity. Poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) is a polypeptide well known to form
helical secondary structures. We have synthesized different PBLG based block copolymers via
ring opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride using amino
terminated PEO and Jeffamine as macro initiators. The copolymers were characterized by size
exclusion chromatography and 1H NMR spectroscopy and self-assembled in water by
nanoprecipitation. A detailed analysis using light and neutron scattering combined with
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging revealed the formation of polymer vesicles,
also called polymersomes. In order to compare the stealth character of the polymersome surface
114
(with PEG and Jeffamine), their interaction with BSA has been determined by isothermal
titration calorimetric (ITC) experiments and protein assay kit titration method. From both
studies it was concluded that PEG and Jeffamine signicantly reduce (or anneal) the interaction
of polymersomes with proteins, as compared to pure PBLG nanoparticles as a reference.
Keywords: Polymersomes, Plasmatic Proteins, Opsonin proteins, Jeffamine, PBLG
115
A Study on Controlled Release of Ibuprofen Drug from
pH-Responsive Agar-g-Poly Vinyl Alcohol Hydrogel
Divya Ottoor
Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
E-mail: divya.ottoor@gmail.com
Temperature and pH sensitive polymer based hydrogels are gaining increasing attention
in medical and pharmaceutical elds for controlled drug delivery (CDD) applications.
Hydrogels are three dimensional water swollen polymeric cross-linked networks which has
high water retaining capacity inside its porous structure. In recent work modied AG based
hydrogels are used as a drug carrier due to its important physical properties like
biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, swelling properties, mucoadhesivity,
haemocompatibility etc. It also enhances the stability of drug, reduces the toxicity of drug and
release the drug molecule in controlled manner.
pH sensitive hydrogels, based on agarose (AG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were
synthesized and the chemical structure of AG-g-PVA hydrogels were investigated by FTIR and
surface morphology of that grafted hydrogel was examined by FESEM. Swelling behaviour of
the prepared hydrogels in different pH media were studied at room temperature (RT) and at
0
37 C. Similarly the release behaviour of ibuprofen (IBU) was studied in different pH.
H
Keywords: Ibuprofen, Hydrogels, Haemocompatibility, FESEM, Agarose, p ,
Mucoadhesivity.
116
Enzyme Responsive Drug Release From Micro/Nano Capsules
Jasaswini Tripathy
Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences,
KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
E-mail: jtripathyfch@kiit.ac.in
Smart nanoscale systems for drug delivery have recently become the subject of intense
research worldwide. Stimuli-responsive controlled release systems exhibiting controlled
release proles in response to suitable stimuli are attractive for biomedical applications. The
benet of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers is especially important when the stimuli are unique to
disease pathology, allowing the nanocarrier to respond to the specic pathological “triggers”.
To date, it still remains a challenge to develop systems that can deliver drugs on exposure to
triggers specically present at the target site. In the present work we have synthesized smart
drug delivery systems that can respond to an internally present pathologically relevant trigger.
The Microcapsules/nanocapsules were synthesized using bioresponsive polymers protamine
and hyaluronic acid. These biologically responsive biopolymers can respond to specic
enzymes such as proteases and hyaluronidase that have been identied to be over expressed in
certain pathological conditions such as cancer.
Microcapsules/nanocapsules were fabricated using Layer-by-Layer assembly method.
This involves alternative deposition of oppositely charged polymers on to the surface of a
suitable template core followed by dissolution of the core to obtain a hollow structure. Upon
LbL assembly and subsequent core removal the hollow capsules exhibited a partially collapsed
structure. The capsules were characterized using SEM, TEM, and EDX. The capsules showed
pH dependent permeability at extreme pH values such as pH 3 and pH 9 which was further
utilized for encapsulation of model drugs and anticancer drug molecules. Enzyme responsive
nature was studied using confocal scanning laser microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Upon
exposure to the enzyme trigger, the capsule walls showed controlled disintegration leading to
highly efcient drug release. The interactions of these bio-polymeric capsules with cells were
studied using breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This study indicates that these capsules fabricated
from biopolymers can serve as an excellent platform for targeted intracellular drug delivery to
cancer cells. The capsules appear to be promising candidates for further in-vivo studies and
clinical applications.
Keywords: Smart nano-scale systems, Layer-by layer assembly, Biomedical application.
117
ENERGY HARVESTING AND STRORAGE
Synthesis, Electrical Conductivity, and Dielectric Behaviour of
Polyaniline Doped With H2SO4; HCl and (Conc. HCl + NaNO2 Mixture):
A Comparative Study with Acetone Washing
Jayashree Mohanty1, Sruti Ranjan Mishra1and Shahid Anwar2

1
Department of Chemistry, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, India
2
Colloids & Materials Chemistry, Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology,
Bhubaneswar, India
E-mail: sruti76@gmail.com
Acid doped Polyaniline (PANI) due to their increased electrical conductivity, are
considered to be the most promising conducting ller materials. Hence, the present study,
reports the synthesis of the PANI followed by acid doping, electrical conductivity and dielectric
properties measurements of H2SO4; HCl and (Conc. HCl + NaNO2mixture) doped PANI. In
order to know the effect of acetone washing on the electrical properties of acid doped PANI
samples, the electrical properties of the non-acetone washed acid doped PANI samples are
compared with that of their acetone washed counterparts. The PANI salt was prepared by
conventional route using aniline hydrochloride and ammonium persulphate as an oxidant. PANI
salt was subjected to 0.5M NaOH to form PANI base, which was further doped separately with
H2SO4; HCl and (Conc. HCl + NaNO2mixture) respectively followed by acetone washing. A
comparative electrical conductivity study between the acetone washed and unwashed PANI salt
and H2SO4, HCl and (Conc. HCl + NaNO2mixture) doped PANI were characterized by dielectric
and impedance study.
For all the doped samples, it was observed that the dielectric constant as well as the dielectric
loss decreased with frequency representing the effect of space charge polarization within the
respective compositions. From the impedance spectroscopy analysis, it revealed that, the
relaxation behaviour existed within all compositions and the relaxation peak shifts with doping.
The frequency dependent AC conductivity at room temperature obeyed the power law and the
DC conductivity was obtained from the tting parameter.
119
ENERGY HARVESTING AND STRORAGE APM-2018
For the sample doped with 1M H2SO4, it was found that the non acetone washed PANI doped in
1M H2SO4 shows highest dielectric constant and conductivity than that of acetone washed due to
the stable charge carriers and extra electrical conductivity contribution from the small chain
oligomers present in the polymer chain. In case of HCl doped PANI, it was found that in case of
non-acetone washed samples the dielectric and conductivity decreases with increase in HCl
concentration whereas in acetone washed samples the same increases with increase in HCl
concentration. However, non-acetone washed PANI salt showed highest dielectric and
conductivity among all the samples. For (conc. HCl + NaNO2 mixture) doped PANI, the
dielectric and conductivity properties increased for without acetone washed samples. The Cole-
Cole plot shows the effect of grain contribution in the conduction behaviour and the grain
resistance was calculated by tting with equivalent circuit.
Keywords: PANI, H2SO4, HCl, NaNO2, dielectric study, Impedance study, Conductivity.
120
Chicken Feather Rachis Derived Novel Mesoporous Activated
Carbon Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Alekha Tyagi¹ and Kamal K Kar²

¹Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
E-mail: kamalkk@iitk.ac.in
Fuel cell is an energy conversion device which may play a vital role in catering the
energy needs of human race. However, the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is
the major challenge in commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).
Platinum supported on carbon substrate (Pt/C) is the state of the art electrocatalyst
commercially used, but it is economical unfavourable. A lot of research has been done to explore
cost effective alternatives for Pt/C catalyst in the past two decades. In this study a novel
mesoporous heteroatom containing activated carbon electrocatalyst derived from chicken
feather rachis (RCF) as a substitute has been developed.
Mesoporous carbon (CNx) electrocatalysts are synthesized by means of a two-step
pyrolysis from the rachis of chicken feathers (RCF), a bio- waste from poultry industry. First
RCF is heated to 220 ºC and then further heated to the pyrolysis temperature (Tᴩ) ranging from
300 to 950 ºC. The study comprises the effect of Tᴩ on structural characteristics and
electrochemical properties of prepared electrocatalysts. Electrochemical characterizations like
cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) using a rotating disc electrode
(RDE) show that an increase in pyrolysis temperature leads to increase in electrocatalytic
performance of as-synthesized CNx. This enhanced activity is attributed to the emergence of
ORR active C-N sites with increased temperature. In order to further improve the
electrochemical performance, CNx synthesized at 950 ºC is activated using KOH, ZnCl₂ and
H3PO4 at three temperatures i.e., 500, 700 and 900 ºC. Electrochemical studies show that KOH
121
activated CNx at 900 ºC (KOH activated CNAx-900) exhibits the best performance in terms of
onset potential (0.02 V) and current density (1.71 mA/cm²). The electrochemical results are
further supported by electron microscopic (SEM) and spectroscopic (Raman, FTIR and XPS)
studies. This study suggests that CNx and CNAx are promising materials for the electrocatalysis
of ORR in PEMFC.
Keywords: ORR, PEMFC, CNx, RCF, CNAx, electrocatalytic performance.
122
Preparation and Ion Transport Studies of a New PEO-PVP
Blended Solid Polymer Electrolyte
1 2 1
Angesh Chandra , Alok Bhatt and Archana Chandra
1
Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Professional Management & Technology, Raipur, India
2
Bharti College of Engineering & Technology, Durg, India
E-mail: chandrassi@gmail.com
+
Preparation and ion transport studies of a new Ag ion conducting PEO-PVP blended
Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs): (1-x) [80PEO: 20AgI] + x PVP, where 0 < x < 10 wt.%, has
been reported. SPE lms have been prepared by using a solvent-free hot-press technique in
place of the traditional solution cast method. The conventional Polymer Electrolyte (PE)
composition: (80PEO: 20AgI), identied as the highest conducting lm at room temperature,
st nd
has been used as I - phase host matrix and a pure Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as II - phase
dispersoid. As a consequence of blending of PVP in PE host, a conductivity enhancement of one
order of magnitude resulted in SPE lm: [97(80PEO:20AgI) + 3PVP]. This has been referred to
as Optimum Conducting Composition (OCC). The conductivity enhancements have been
discussed on the basis of experimental measurements on some basic ionic parameters viz. ionic
mobility (μ), mobile ion concentration (n), ionic transference number (tion) etc. To compute the
activation energy (Ea) value of the newly synthesized SPE, temperature dependent conductivity
measurements have also been carried out.
Keywords: Solid Polymer Electrolytes, OCC, ionic transference number.
123
Hot-Pressed Silver Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes:
Synthesis and Battery Fabrication
Archana Chandra1, Kiran Thakur1, Angesh Chandra2and Alok Bhatt3

1
Department of Chemistry, Govt. Pataleshwar College, Bilaspur, India
2
Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Professional Management & Technology, Raipur, India
3
Bharti College of Engineering & Technology, Durg, India
E-mail: archanachem.chandra@gmail.com
+
Synthesis and solid state battery fabrication of a new Ag ion hot-pressed solid polymer
electrolyte (SPE) membranes (PEO:AgBr) are reported. The present SPE lms have been casted
by using a hot-press technique in place of the traditional solution-cast method. Solid polymer
electrolyte (SPE) composition: [80PEO:20AgCl], identied as a highest conducting lms from
the room temperature conductivity measurement. The two orders of conductivity (σ)
enhancement have been achieved from that of the pure polymer PEO. The phase identication
and materials characterization were done with the help of XRD patterns. The ion transport
behaviour in SPE membranes has been discussed on the basis of experimental measurements on
their ionic conductivity (σ), ionic mobility (µ) and mobile ion concentration (n) etc.
Keywords: Solid polymer electrolytes, hot-press technique, ionic conductivity.
124
Role of Counter Anions on Li+ Ion Conductivity of
PEO-Graphene Oxide Based NCPEs
Jagdeep Mohanta, Smith Sagar Satapathy and Satyabrata Si

School of Applied Sciences,
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University,
Bhubaneswar, India
E-mail: jagdeepmohanta@gmail.com
Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) are the polymer electrolytes containing

inorganic or hybrid nanollers. These are competent electrolytes for lithium ion batteries owing
to their complete solid state structure, appreciable ionic conductivity as well as steadiness in
terms of thermal and mechanical properties. In this work we have used graphene oxide (GO) as
nanoller for synthesis of NCPEs with the most exploited polymer host i.e. polyethylene oxide
(PEO) by adopting the traditional solvent casting approach. To analyze the inuence of anions
of lithium salts on the NCPEs properties, different lithium salts like CF3SO3Li, LiTFSI and
LiNO3 are employed as lithium ion source. Impedance spectroscopy has been performed to
determine the lithium ion conductivity whereas XRD depicts the crystallinity variation of the
-4
NCPEs on the basis of FWHM and crystallite size. Lithium ion conductivity of the order of 10
S/cm is observed with LiNO3 and LiTFSI whereas with CF3SO3Li it is found to be in the order
-4
of 10-6 S/cm. A maximum ionic conductivity of 6.78 × 10 S/cm is obtained with 0.3% GO in
PEO-LiTFSI based electrolyte, which is very much competent as an electrolyte. Further
dielectric and relaxation studies of the NCPEs also well support the conductivity data.
Keywords: NCPEs, CF3SO3Li, LiTFSI, LiNO3, Lithium ion conductivity.
125
Development of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)
and Polyaniline Conductive Blend for Dielectric Applications
Debashish Meher and Bibhu Prasad Sahoo

Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
E-mail: bibhuprasadfch@kiit.ac.in
Semi-conductive polymer blends from Poly (vinylidene uoride)/Polyaniline

(PVDF/PANI) in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) were prepared with different PANI
loadings by solvent casting method. The dielectric relaxation behaviour of the prepared blends
have been extensively studied as a function of applied electric eld (101 – 106 Hz), PANI
loading and temperature ranging from 25 ºC to 150 ºC. The structure of synthesized PANI had
been analyzed using FTIT spectroscopy and the functional groups are clearly indentied. The
synthesized PANI has been found in the nano-brous form which was conrmed from the
scanning electron microphotographs (SEM) and exhibited excellent stability in
doping/protonation level (and thus conductive). The frequency dependence of dielectric study
indicated that the introduction of PANI increased the dielectric permittivity of the pure PVDF.
This was attributed to the tendency of PANI macromolecules to orient themselves in the
direction of the external alternating electric eld and the uniform dispersion of the PANI in the
PVDF matrix. Increase in ε with increase in concentration of PANI can be explained on the basis
of the enhancement of interfacial polarization with increase in concentration of PANI loading.
The magnitude of real impedance (Z ) and imaginary impedance (Z ) gradually decreased for the
entire PVDF/PANI blend with increase in frequency and PANI loading. This can be explained
on the basis of the frequency-dependent relaxation phenomenon of the dipoles at the interface.
With PANI content the AC conductivity (σac)value kept on increasing and for PVDF/PANI blend
containing 30% of PANI, exhibited highest σac value. This was due to the formation of
continuous inter-connected conductive paths in the insulating PVDF matrix. The increase in σac
with rise in temperature was mainly due to thermal activation, which included the occulation
of particulate PANI, leading to the formation of further conductive networks. At high
temperature the blends exhibited negative temperature coefcient (NTC) behaviour.
Keywords: Polyaniline, PVDF, Blend, Interfacial Polarization, Conductivity, Doping.
126
Molecular Semiconductors for Highly Stable Electronic Devices
with Polymeric Gate Dielectric
Amit Kumar
Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials and Devices), Noida, India
E-Mail: kumar.amit9731@gmail.com
Organic eld-effect transistors (OFETs), the building blocks of organic electronic

circuits, have been extensively investigated to realize exible organic electronic devices, being
compatible with exible substrates and allowing low-cost and large-area processing. To be
suitable for practical electronic applications, the above devices should exhibit good operational
stability under ambient conditions and high mobility. The stability of organic semiconductor-
based devices can be improved via the formation of protective organic or organic-inorganic
hybrid passivation layers, which limit the exposure to oxygen and/or moisture during operation.
However, this approach does not obviate the design/synthesis of air-stable organic
semiconductors, since passivation is associated with additional processing steps and higher
cost. Although highly stable polymeric semiconductors such as poly(heterotriangulene)
-3 2 -1 -1
(mobility ~ 4.2 × 10 cm V s ), a naphthalene diimide–based copolymer, and others have been
extensively reported, studies dealing with stable small-molecule-based semiconductors are still
relatively rare ,despite these semiconductors offering various intrinsic advantages over their
polymeric counterparts, e.g., a well-dened chemical structure, easy access, and reproducible
synthetic routes. In this lecture, molecular semiconductor based highly stable, high efciency
electronic devices based on polymeric gate dielectric will be discussed in detail with our
designed any synthesized molecular semiconductors suitable with polymeric gate dielectric for
advanced electronic device applications.
Keywords: OFETs, poly(heterotriangulene), Molecular semiconductor.
127
Dielectric Relaxation Behaviour of Thermoplastic Polyurethane
and Carbon Nanoller Based Conductive Nanocomposites
N. K. Hota, G. Sahu, J. Tripathy and B. P. Sahoo

Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
Multifunctional nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and

carbon based nanollers such as multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT), graphene oxide and
reduced have been successfully prepared by solvent casting method. Prior to casting the carbon
based nanollers are dispersed in DMF in presence of 1-Allyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride
(AMIC) ionic liquid. Uniform dispersion of carbon based nanollers in the nanocomposites is
achieved in presence of ionic liquid, which is conrmed by the high resolution transmission
electron microscopic (HRTEM) microphotographs. The dielectric relaxation characteristics of
the carbon based nanollers lled (TPU) nanocomposites have been studied as a function of
1 6
frequency (10 –10 Hz) at different ller loading over a wide range of temperatures (30–120 °C).
The effect of carbon based nanollers loadings on the dielectric permittivity (ε′), loss tangent
(tan δ), impedance (Z*), and electrical conductivity (σac) were studied. The variation of ε′ with
ller loading has been explained based on the interfacial polarization of the carbon based
nanollers within a heterogeneous system. The effect of ller loading on the imaginary (Z″) and
real (Z′) part of Z* were distinctly visible, which may be due to the relaxation dynamics of
polymer chains at the polymer- ller interface. The frequency dependency of σac has been
investigated. The effect of temperature on tan δ, ε′, σac of carbon based nanollers based TPU
nanocomposites has been investigated.
Keywords: Thermoplastic polyurethane, MWNT, Carbon based nanollers.
128
Electrospun PVDF-HFP/Lithium Garnet Hybrid Membrane
Electrolyte for All Solid State Lithium-Ion Batteries
Dheeraj Kumar Maurya and Subramania Angiah

Electrochemical Energy Research Lab, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology,
Puducherry, India
E-mail: a.subramania@gmail.com
Garnet based solid state electrolytes groom as an excellent approach for the
development of all solid state lithium-ion batteries. The major concern like low ionic
conductivity, electrolyte leakage, ammability, poor thermal and electrochemical stability
among polymer and liquid electrolyte has been extensively rescued by inclusion of solid state
electrolytes mainly garnets. Present era of research is extremely fascinated towards
development of exible all solid state electrolyte for Li-ion batteries. Hybrid solid electrolyte
encourages the exibility of highly conducting lithium stuffed garnets after their dispersion in
the polymer matrix. Here, we have successfully prepared various wt.% of Li7La3Ba0.05Zr0.95O12
(LLBZO) NPs embedded PVDF-HFP polymer membranes using electrospinning technique
and then activated in 1M of LiPF6 containing ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate
(DMC). They were then dried at 80˚C in vacuum condition to get all solid state hybrid
membrane electrolytes. They were characterized by XRD, thermal analysis and electrochemical
impedance revealing its semi-crystalline nature, thermal stability and lithium ion conductivity,
respectively. Electrolyte uptake and porosity measurements were also performed to investigate
electrolyte absorption capability of the prepared hybrid membrane. The solid state hybrid
membrane electrolyte containing 10 wt. % of LLBZO embedded PVDF-HFP exhibits the
maximum ionic conductivity of 8.9 × 10-3 S/cm than other hybrid membrane electrolytes. This
hybrid membrane is thermally stable up to 150˚C with maximum porosity of 90%. Its
electrochemical stability window was found to be 4.5 volt. This work opens the doors for the
enthusiastic development of hybrid membrane electrolyte with reliable safety measure, cost
effective manufacturing and incredible lithium-ion conductivity.
Keywords: Electrospun hybrid membranes, Garnets, PVdF-HFP, Electrolyte uptake.
129
Sulfonated Copolyimides as Polyelectrolytes for
Microbial Fuel Cell Application: Synthesis, Proton Conductivity
and Water Stability
Anaparthi Ganesh Kumar1, Asheesh Singh1, Hartmut Komber2,

Brigitte Voit2, Bikash Ranjan Tiwari3, Md. Tabish Noori4,
Makarand M. Ghangrekar3 and Susanta Banerjee1
1
Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
2
Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse Dresden, Germany
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
4
Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Sulfonated copolyimides (S-coPIs) contains dihydroxyfunctional groups

having monomer[9,9-bis(3-hydroxy-4-(4'-amino (3-triuoromethyl) biphenyl-4-oxy)-
phenyl)-9H uorine (HAPHPF)]along with 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
(DSDSA) and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA)were synthesized
using optimized polycondensation route. Three S-coPIs were synthesized by varying
DSDSA/HAPHPF mole to mole ratio (0.5/0.5, 0.6/0.4 and 0.7/0.3). The copolymers structure
and compositions were conrmed through FTIR and NMR techniques. All S-coPIs were soluble
in organic solvents (DMSO, DMAc, DMF and NMP). S-coPIs membranes were prepared
through solution cast route by using DMSO as a solvent. The dihydroxy groups having S-coPIs
membranes underwent a hydrogen bonding with water molecules through electrostatic force of
attraction. The proton exchange membrane properties were compared with non-hydroxy
analogue. The effect of dihydroxy groups on proton conductivity, water stability and peroxide
®
radical resistance were carefully studied and also compared the results with Naon 117. Well-
separated hydrophilic and hydrophobic phase morphology was observed in TEM and AFM
images of the copolymer membranes. Microbial fuel cell performance was evaluated for all the
S-coPIs membranes, non-hydroxy analogues and Naon® 117 under similar conditions. A slight
improvement in proton conductivity of dihydroxy series compared with non-hydroxy analogue
series led to an obvious change in power density. However, Naon® 117 exhibited almost twice
proton conductivity of that of hydroxy series S-coPIs but just performed slight enhancement in
power density.
130
Keywords: DSDSA, HAPHPF, Microbial fuel cell performance, NTDA.
131
Mechanical Characterization of Insitu Generated Al2O3
within the PES Matrix
S.Shukla, R.Bajpai
Department of PG studies in Physics and Electronics,
Rani Durgawati University, Jabalpur, India
Organic polymer based inorganic nanoparticle composites have attracted increasing

attention because of their unique properties from the combination of organic and inorganic
hybrid materials. Nano sized Al2O3 / PES hybrid lms were prepared by incorporation with
different concentration of nano-sized Al2O3 via insitu polymerization. Vickers indenter was
used to analyse the Hv with various wt% of Al2O3 within PES matrix at various loads from 10 to
80 gm. The value of Hv increases with the increase of wt% of Al2O3 in PES. The tensile strength
and young's modulus increases with increase in the content of Al2O3 in PES. Al2O3 incorporated
composite lms found to have better mechanical properties in respect to pure PES.
Keywords: Inorganic nanoparticle, PES matrix, Mechanical properties
132
FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Radiation Grafted Cellulose Based Functional Adsorbent
for Treatment of Dye Wastewater
Swarnima Rawat1, Virendra Kumar1,2, Nilanjal Misra1, S. Shelkar1, N.K. Goel1,

and L. Varshney1,2
1
Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai, India
2
Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai
E-mail: swarnima@barc.gov.in
In the past few decades, unprecedented industrial growth has led to generation of large
amounts of wastewater. Industrial wastewater is usually laden with plethora of harmful
pollutants, such as heavy metals, dyes, pharmaceutical compounds, etc., thereby making the
problem of treatment of wastewater ever so important. Many industries like textile, leather
tanning, printing, etc., generate dyes containing coloured wastewater, which is even more
challenging to treat. The dyes are not only toxic but they also reduce transmission of sunlight
and consequently prove to be highly detrimental to aquatic life. Moreover, taking into account
the hazardous potential of wastewater, stringent laws have been imposed by the pollution
control boards, making it mandatory for the industries to treat wastewater before discharging it.
Therefore, the need of economically viable methods for the efuent treatment is imperative.
In the present work, a low cost, strong cation-exchange adsorbent, with cotton cellulose
fabric waste as a base matrix has been synthesized, by single step gamma radiation induced
mutual irradiation grafting of Sodium-Styrene Sulphonate (SSS) onto cotton cellulose fabric.
This approach not only provides low cost dye efuent treatment but also reduces the cellulosic
waste by utilizing it. SSS-g-Cellulose adsorbent was characterized by SEM, TGA and FTIR.
After characterization, the adsorbent was employed for removal of basic dyes (Basic red-29).
The equilibrium adsorption data was analyzed by different adsorption isotherms, such as
Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The equilibrium uptake capacity was estimated to be
~300mg/g. The kinetic adsorption data was analyzed by different kinetic models, namely,
pseudo rst order, pseudo second order, intra-particle diffusion models, etc. The adsorption data
was found to be best represented by pseudo second order kinetics. After adsorption, elution
studies were also carried out. The adsorbent could be regenerated by eluting the adsorbed dye
134
FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS APM-2018
from the adsorbent using an optimized eluent, and could be repeatedly used. Therefore, a cotton
cellulose waste was converted to a valuable functional adsorbent, which has been employed for
treatment of dye wastewater- a major pollutant in dyeing industry efuents.
Keywords: Cation-exchange adsorbent, Dye wastewater.
135
Hydrolytically Stable Transition Metal Stearates as
Efcient Curing Accelerators for Ring Opening Polymerization
of Cardanol Based Benzoxazine
1,2 2 1
Pratibha Sharma , Devendra Kumar and Prasun Kumar Roy
1
Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
2
Department of Applied Chemistry and Polymer Technology, Delhi Technological University,
Delhi, India.
E-mail: pra bhasharma.venky@gmail.com
Transition metal stearates were explored as curing accelerators for the ring opening
polymerization of a representative bio-based benzoxazine resin. The hydrophobicity associated
with the ligand of the complexes renders it the resistance towards moisture, which allow their
use under ambient conditions without special caution. Metal Stearates were synthesized and
characterized using different techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-
IR),Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC). A
representative bio-based benzoxazine resin was synthesized by Mannich like condensation of
cardanol and aniline with paraformaldehyde under solventless conditions, the structure of
which was conrmed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR. Formulations containing metal stearates and
resin exhibit curing proles to lower temperature, the extent of which was proportional to the
amount of accelerator in the formulation. Metal Stearates based on zinc exhibit highest activity
towards acceleration of benzoxazine. The kinetic parameters associated with the
polymerisation of the resin were established using Kissinger Akahira Sunose method and
activation energy was found to concomitantly decrease from 98 kJ/mol to 51 kJ/mol upon
addition of zinc stearate (10% w/w).
Keywords: Transition metal stearates, Bio-based benzoxazine resin, Curing kinetics.
136
Material Hybridization with Enhanced Biodegradability
by the Incorporation of Modied Nanosilica
From Rice Husk into Starch/LDPE Matrix
Yogesh1, Poulami Ghosh2, Deepshikha Datta1,2 and Bimal Das2

1
Department of Plastic Engineering, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology,
Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur- 713209,
West Bengal, India
E-mail: deepa.datta81@gmail.com
Low Density Poly Ethylene is extensively extruded to be quite efciently applicable as a

packaging component for various agricultural and food packaging applications. This high range
of application has accelerated the amount of plastic waste generation demanding for its
modication by the incorporation of certain organic substance like starch which can very well
increase its biodegradability. Starch being a totally biodegradable polymer can be efciently
coextruded with LDPE, but introduction of this organic chain into the highly branched chain of
the LDPE matrix leads to the declination of the original properties of the packaging polymer on
account of its low compatibility. Thus biopolymer produced by the incorporation of starch into
the LDPE matrix shows a considerable reduction in its mechanical properties with increase in
hydrophilicity. This reduction in the properties is high likely to reduce the application range of
the developed biopolymer composite in its actual range of visibility thereby such type of
synthesized biodegradable polymer cannot act as a substitute to replace the highly demanding
packaging material.
The production of nanostructured organic inorganic nanocomposite material with

enhanced degradability have received a great importance, conveniently replacing the available
polymers due to its unique properties. One of the important nano ller named nanosilica can be
effectively and efciently obtained from rice husk which is the waste generated after separation
137
of rice. Material hybridization by the combination of the basic properties like rigidity and
thermal stability of the organic polymer along with the distinctive properties of the inorganic
ller of enhanced mechanical properties as ductility, exibility and processibility have achieved
quite importance in the development of advanced inorganic-organic hybrid materials
conveniently replacing the conventional polymers due to its exceptional properties achieving a
keen importance in academic and industrial eld in terms of its huge application range.
This work emphasizes on the enhancement of the properties (strength, hardness,

modulus, creep resistance, adhesion) of this biopolymer by the incorporation of synthesized
silica nanoparticles from rice husk into the polymer matrix. Various characterization was done
using FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM and TEM to verify the presence of nano-silica. Modication of
the synthesized nano particle was done to improvise its compatibility with starch and LDPE so
as to produce a blend with higher applicability. The polar surface of silica nanoparticles were
replaced with silica acid derivative and a hydrophobic coating was created on the surface of the
nanoparticles to make it compatible with nonpolar polymers. The biodegradability of the
biolm was also tested under different conditions like garden soil and vegetable waste
conditions. The synthesized biolm was found to have a better mechanical properties with
enhanced biodegradability.
Keywords: Biopolymer, Silica nanoparticles, Rice husk, Hydrophobic coating.
138
Rheological Investigations of Solvent Effect on
Microbrillated Cellulose Used for Functional Material
Sweta Sarangi and Suresh Kumar Yatirajula

Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, India
E-mail: swetasarangi1@gmail.com, yatirajula.sk.che@ismdhanbad.ac.in
Over the last decade, there is huge emphasis on the development and design of highly
ordered structures which aim to form building blocks for the application in diverse areas of
research such as biology, rheology modies, composites, electronics etc. Cellulose being one of
the most abundantly found biopolymers is composed of ß-1,4 glycopyranose unit with polymer
chains associated by hydrogen bonds forming a bundle of brils, called as microbrillar
aggregates , where highly ordered region and disordered domain inside a cell wall of a plant. In
addition, the presence of many free hydroxyl groups over the surface of nanocellulose help to
impart different functionalities to the material. Microbrillated Celllose is comprised of long,
exible and entangled cellulose nano-bers containing both amorphous and crystalline region.
Wood constitutes the most important source of microbrillated cellulose, however other
sources like banana, hemp, sugarcane, garlic peel, garlic straw and fruits could also be taken into
consideration.
The study of effect of different types of solvent on the rheological properties of
Microbrillated Cellulose (MFC) was carried out. Different solvents such as Water, Acetone,
Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Xanthum Gum, KCl and Propylene Glycol were used as dispersing
agents for MFC and a comparison was made on the basis of rheological properties. Addition of
solvents to MFC led to the modication of ow characteristics from Newtonian to Non-
Newtonian i.e Pseudoplastic. A series of tests of steady shear dependent viscosity at low and
high shear rates with different concentrations of MFC solutions were conducted by varying
temperature from 25°C-60°C.
Keywords: Rheology, Microbrillated Cellulose, Functional, Shear rate, Pseudoplastic
139
Effect of Low Dose gamma Radiation on
Phthalatefree PVC Dyed Film Dosimeter
Oberoi P. R.1, Maurya C. B.1 and Mahanwar P. A.2

1
Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Nathalal Parekh Marg,
Matunga, Mumbai, India.
2
Department of polymer and surface engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology,
Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India.
E-mail:oberoi.priyanka20@gmail.com
Dosimeter is a device used to detect the levels of exposure to ionizing radiation. The
precise detection of ionizing radiation often seems to be a difcult task to perform in the food
processing industry. This paper focus on the development of phthalate free polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) thin lms used for the low dose gamma ray dosimeter. The lms showed a color change
from yellow to red, persistently measured by color spectrometer. The shift of absorbance with
the absorbed radiation dose upto50kGy was studied by UV-Visible spectrophotometer and
further conrmed by FT-IR. The mechanical testing revealed no remarkable alterations in the
lm properties. The most suitable concentration of PVC-dibutyl maleate (DBM) with methyl
yellow was found out to be 0.4% with the best thickness of the dosimeter of 40 μm. There was no
signicant change on stability studies of the lms for a period of six months.
Keywords: Polymeric lm, Dye, Dosimeter, Gamma radiation, CIE L*A*B*, UV

spectrophotometer.
140
UHTC Fabrication,Characterization and
Prototype Development
Krishna kant Mourya, Suresh Kumar and N. Eswara Prasad

Directorate of Ceramics and CMCs, DMSRDE, Kanpur, India
E-mail: skumar@dmsrde.drdo.in
A vacuum hot pressing facility is realized at DMSRDE to meet the long term goal of
developing UHTC materials technology to fabricate typical aerodynamic structures for sharp
leading edges or nose tips of hypersonic re-entry vehicles. In the press, monolithic ZrB2/SiC
composites (20 vol. % SiC) have been prepared by hot pressing ZrB2 and SiC powders of
particle size <5 microns. The pressing was carried out at temperatures up to 2200 °C, for 60
minutes under uni-axial pressure of 30 MPa. Final density of the composite samples was
achieved as high as 98% of its theoretical density. Flexural and compression strength of the
composites were found to be 250-368 and 850-970 MPa respectively. The micro-structure of the
as fabricated and tested samples shows that the mechanical interlocking between ZrB2 and SiC
is an important mechanism for densication which in turn have great inuence on the
mechanical properties. Efcient mixing of the starting powders is very critical in order to
achieve a ne-grained homogenous microstructure and higher strength. The successful
installation and commissioning of the vacuum hot press has opened the window to develop state
of the art UHTC materials for the futuristic hypersonic vehicle programs of DRDO.
Keywords: UHTC materials, Monolithic ZrB2/SiC composites, Mechanical properties.
141
Medium Optimization for Improving Polyhydroxyalkanoate
Production Through Response Surface Methodology
Shivani Singhal and Sourish Bhattacharya

CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat.
E-mail: sourishb@csmcri.res.in
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural occurring biopolyesters which can be

produced by microorganisms and possess the potential to replace conventional plastics. Theyare
among one of the top group of biopolymers that have been intensively investigated and
commercialized. Further, PHAs are eco-friendly, possess excellent gas barrier properties, good
mechanical properties and can be used as thermoplastic appealing transparent lms, in
controlled drug release and tissue engineering, in food packaging and confectionaries,
construction engineering and textile, agriculture, fertigation, electronics & aerospace,
packaging lm (for food packages), bags, paper coatings, packaging lm (for food packages),
bags, paper coatings. They are accumulated as an intracellular storage material by a wide variety
of bacteria and can be synthesized by over 30% of soil inhabiting bacteria.
The present research focusses on cost effective production of poly-hydroxy3-
butyrate(P3HB) through Halomonas hydrothermaliswith respect to productivity and polymer
properties. After one factor at a time optimization,1.2 g/l PHA yield was obtained having
medium composition glucose 50g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g, disodium hydrogen
phosphate 2g, magnesium sulphate 2g, Ferric citrate 0.1g, calcium chloride 0.1 g and 1L
distilled water, agitation 200 rpm, aeration 0.5 vvm, temperature 37oC, inoculum Size: 10%,
seed age: 24 hrs., production age: 48 hrs. The P3HB productivity was 0.6 g/l/d. The optimum
dissolved oxygen was having a concentration of xQO2 0.8 g/l/h. Further, statistical optimization
of medium components using response surface methodology was implemented to improve
further the PHA productivity and it was found that media containing glucose 25g, potassium
dihydrogen phosphate 5.5g, disodium hydrogen phosphate 5.5g, magnesium sulphate 2g, Ferric
citrate 0.28g, calcium chloride 0.1 g in 1L distilled water yielded maximum 5 g/l P3HB in the
production broth.
Keywords: Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Halomonas hydrothermalis, Bioplastics, Response
surface methodology, Glucose.
142
Thermal Modication of Mango Wood (Mangifera Indica)
and Evaluation of its Properties
Giridhar B. N, Sanjay Gorai and K. K. Pandey

th
Institute of Wood Science and Technology, 18 Cross, Malleswaram, Bengaluru, India.
E-mail: bngiridhar8@gmail.com
Thermal modication is an eco-friendly method for improving durability of wood. In

this work, thermal modication of mango wood (Mangifera indica) was carried out at
temperature between 195 and 220ºC under vacuum. Weight loss, colour and chemical changes
were evaluated. Colour changes were evaluated using spectrocolorimeter by measuring
chromaticity co-ordinates L*, a* and b*. Chemical changes were measured by FTIR-ATR
spectroscopy. Extent of thermal degradation was measured by weight loss. The colour of
modied wood was darkened and uniform throughout the sample. FTIR analysis showed
degradation of cell wall polymers resulting in generation of structures which are responsible for
color darkening of thermally modied wood. Modied wood showed good dimensional stability
and hydrophobicity.
Keywords: Mango wood, Thermal modication, Dimensional stability, Hydrophobicity.
143
Rheological-Mechanical Properties of
Polypropylene Hybrid Composites
Sameeksha Raizada, Jatinder Singh Dhaliwal and Gurpreet Singh Kapur

Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
E-mail: singhj4@indianoil.in
Polypropylene is one of the most important polymers that have wide range of
applications. Presently, there has been an increase in the use of lled polypropylene in electrical
and automotive engineering. This is mainly due to the excellent stiffness property which
polypropylene exhibits and which enables it to substitute conventional materials in demanding
engineering applications. In the present paper, the effect of individual llers (Talc and Mica) and
their blend on the rheological, morphological and mechanical properties of lled PP composites
was studied. Three different types of composites, polypropylene with mica (PMC),
polypropylene with talc (PTC) and polypropylene with talc/mica (PHC), hybrid composites,
were prepared .The content of the llers (talc and mica) in the composite i.e. Polypropylene
Mica (PMC), Polypropylene Talc (PTC) and Polypropylene Hybrid (PHC) was varied as 5%,
10% and 20% by weight in iPP. Morphological characterization by SEM results revealed that
lower particle size and narrower particle size distribution of talc lead better dispersion in PP
matrix. Shear viscosity, storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E”) was higher for PMC
composite than PTC and PHC composites. An increase of approx. 130% was observed in
storage modulus (E') at 400C for PMC and PHC composites at 20% loading. C parameter was
found to increase whereas reinforcing efciency (r) decreased with increase in ller loading.
PTC composite showed enhanced modulus with 60-103% increase in tensile modulus, 32-88%
increase in exural modulus and better impact strength than PMC and PHC composites. Thus it
was concluded that, inferior mechanicals of PHC composite than PTC composite indicate lower
compatibility of Talc and Mica as a blend in PP matrix.
Keywords: Talc, Mica, Polypropylene, Mechanical properties.
144
Multi Machining Characteristics Optimization in
Wire-EDM Process Using Desirability Function Analysis
P.C.Padhi
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET) Hajipur
E-mail: pcpman68@yahoo.co.in
The present experimental investigation deals with the optimization of wire electrical
discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters in EN-31 steel with multiple performance
characteristics such as surface roughness (Ra) and dimensional deviation (DD) using
desirability function analysis. The process parameters considered in this research work are
Pulse-on-Time (Ton), Pulse off Time (Toff), Wire Feed (WF), Wire Tension (WT), Spark Gap Set
Voltage (SV) and Servo Feed (SF). Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array (OA) has been used for
optimal parametric combination to optimize the surface roughness and dimensional deviation
of the EN-31 steel. The optimum machining parameters have been identied by a composite
desirability value obtained from desirability function analysis as the performance index and
signicant contribution of parameters are determined by analysis of variance. Optimal setting
has been veried through conrmatory test and compared with the initial setting. The
experimental results conrm that the proposed method effectively improves the machining
performance of wire EDM process.
Keywords: Wire Electrical Discharge Machining, Surface Roughness, Dimensional deviation,

Orthogonal Array, Desirability.
145
Different PVA-Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum Irradiated Carbon
Nanotube Membranes for Different Application
Tridib Bhunia
Department of Chemistry, Bijoy Krishna Girls' College, Howrah, West Bengal, India
E-mail: btiochem@gmail.com
Strong as well as exible biodegradable membranes are of great demand in recent

technology. Similar hydrophobic membranes have been developed by irradiating different
weight poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) – hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) blends and followed by
combining with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). Mechanical property and swelling-
deswelling study indicates that electron beam irradiation produces better crosslinking at low
irradiation dose (5kGy) especially in low molecular weight PVA-HPG matrix than the higher
doses where chain degradation is more. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis shows
that low wt% (0.5) MWCNT produce ner dispersion in both PVA-HPG matrixes due to better
interaction and tment with the matrixes which is reected in theromogravimetric analysis
(TGA) i.e., thermal stability of the membranes increases. Finally the better properties of the
membranes make them suitable for various applications under different condition.
Keywords: Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) – hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) blends, Multiwalled
carbon nanotube (MWCNT), Mechanical properties, Thermal studies.
146
Viscoelastic and Thermal Properties of Electrolytic
Grade Iron Powder Filled Polypropylene Composite
S.D. Gaikwad, R.K.Goyal and C.V.Kale

Department of Metallurgy and Material Science, College of Engineering, Pune, India
E-mail: suyog.gaikwad11@gmail.com
Polypropylene (PP)/electrolytic grade iron(Fe) composites reinforced with varying

weight percentage of Fe powder were fabricated using horizontal ball mill followed by twin
screw extruder. Modication of Fe powder improves the interfacial bonding between the Fe
particles and the PP matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis is an effective tool to analysis the
molecular movement in polymer composites. Hence, dynamic mechanical analyser was used to
investigate storage modulus, loss modulus and damping factor (tan δ) of the composites as a
function of temperature and frequency. It was found that the storage modulus increased with
increasing Fe content in the PP matrix. The tan δ and loss modulus of the composite were also
increased with increasing Fe content. The signicant improvement in properties was attributed
to the uniform distribution of Fe particles in the PP matrix as conrmed by an optical microscope
and scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the thermal stability of the PP/Fe composites was
improved by 10⁰C with addition of 30 wt% Fe. Maximum decomposition temperature of the
composites slightly increased with the addition of modied-Fe.The glass transition temperature
and coefcient of thermal expansion (CTE)of the composites decreased with increasing wt%
modied Fe indicating increase in dimensional stability.
Keywords: Polypropylene (PP)/electrolytic grade iron(Fe) composites, Mechanical properties,

Thermal performance.
147
Effect of Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties
of Arecanut Fiber Polypropylene Composite
Kowshigha .K .R, Deepaveni Subramaniam, Shakti Chauhan and Pankaj Aggarwal

Wood Processing Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India.
E-mail: pankaj@icfre.org
Agro based bers thermoplastic composite are gaining importance day by day as there
has been a dramatic increase of interest in using agro bers as llers in composite. Agro based
bers have high strength require low energy for conversion and widely available. However
incompatibility between these unlike materials limit the uses of agro bers. To overcome this
problem it is necessary to modify either the agro ber or thermoplastic for improving the
interfacial adhesion, which can be achieved by using a coupling agent. Agro ber (Arecanut)
lled reinforced polypropylene composite were prepared at different particle mesh size of (80,
60, 50) and different ratio of ber content (20, 30, 40, 50wt%) using MAPP as the coupling
agent. The mechanical properties such as tensile, exural strengths and modulus, impact were
investigated. The effective coupling between arecanut bers and MAPP has revealed by Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Effective improvement of strength and stiffness
properties of the composite can be found by adding the coupling agent. At 50wt% of arecanut
ber and use of 5% of coupling agent, tensile and exural strength increased by 25% & 68%over
virgin polypropylene whereas, the tensile modulus of the composite was nearly two times of
virgin polypropylene (2.9GPavs 1.3GPa). An effective transfer of load from matrix to bers can
be seen from the enhancing properties of reinforced of polypropylene matrix by the bers. The
elongation at break and the unnotched impact strength of the composites decreases.
Keywords: Arecanut ber polypropylene composite, Mechanical properties.
148
Evaluation of Mechanical and Flame Resistant Behavior
of Surface Treated Coir Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Archana Babu S and Sunil K Narayankutty

Department of Polymer Science & Rubber Technology, CUSAT, Cochin, Kerala India
E-mail: archana2010.achu@gmail.com
Coir ber reinforced High density polyethylene composite with improved ame
resistance was developed by using macro-sized coir bers. Optimization of composites
composition was done based on the mechanical, thermal and ammability studies.The coir
bers were given different treatments for imparting ame resistance. For this coir bers have
been chemically modied with different phosphorous based compounds. The treated ber was
characterized by FTIR and thermal stability was studied by TGA. Residual char mass of treated
bers were remarkable. Composites with treated bers exhibited better thermalstability and
marginal improvement in mechanical as well as ammable properties. The ame resistance was
studied using limiting oxygen indexer and the results could be correlated with thethermo
gravimetric studies.
Keywords: Coir ber, Polyethylene, Mechanical properties, Flame resistant behaviour.
149
Effect of Polyaniline (PANI) Decorated Carbon Nanotube
and Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid Nanollers on the
Dielectric Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Nanocomposites
Satyabhama Sahu, Amrita Pritam Sahoo, Ramakrishna D. S. and Aruna Kumar Barick
Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology (VSSUT),
Siddhi Vihar, Burla, Sambalpur, Orissa, India
E-mail: akbarick@gmail.com
The polyaniline (PANI) coated functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs)
and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (PANI@f-CNTs and PANI@AgNPs hybrid nanollers) are
synthesized by means of in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the surface of f-CNTs
and AgNPs. The PANI@f-CNTs and PANI@AgNPs hybrid nanollers were successfully
incorporated into the polymethy methacrylate (PMMA) matrix through in situ polymerization
of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis
reveals that the existence of strong interfacial adhesive bonding between PANI@f-CNTs and
PANI@AgNPs hybrid nanollers and PMMA matrix. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis
indicates that there is no change in position of the diffraction peak as a result crystallinity of the
samples are not much affected by the addition of hybrid nanollers. The transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis displayed that the phase
morphology of the PMMA nanocomposites is signicantly changed as well as hybrid
nanollers are homogeneously dispersed within the PMMA matrix. The AC conductivity (σac),
dielectric permittivity (ε') dielectric loss (tan δ) of the PMMA nanocomposites are remarkably
increases whereas the real impedance (Z') decreases by the Incorporation of the of hybrid
nanollers into the PMMA matrix, which concludes that the synthesized polymer materials
have most promising dielectric application.
Keywords: Polyaniline; Poly(methyl methacrylate); Carbon Nanotube; Silver Nanoparticle;

Nanocomposites; Dielectric Properties.
150
Use of Analytical Methods to Solve Motorcycle
Polypropylene Seat Base Cracking
Ganesh Garkhedkar and Amit Bhasme

Technical Centre, Varroc Polymers Pvt Ltd, Aurangabad, India
E-mail: amit.bhasme@varroc.com
In motorcycle, Seat base assembly has tremendous functional role. It should have good
tensile properties, bending modulus, impact resistance and elasticity to withstand minimum of
eighty kilogram of body weight over the specied period of time. If mechanical properties
deteriorate, usually end user may face discomfort in seatingand can also lead to disease like
spondylosis. This assembly mainly consist of polypropylene seat base, foam and vinyl coated
fabric. Usually manufacturer used stapling process to x vinyl coated fabric over Polypropylene
based seat base. During production, 95% of seat base has no cracks however remaining 5% seat
base cracks during Stappling process. This study refers to analysis of 5% rejected seat base
during stapling. We have used analytical methods to evaluate seat base cracking issue, material
properties has been analysed. Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Transmission Electron
Microscopy shows presence of micro voids in the failure seat base product which leads to
cracking failure at 7 bar Stappling pressure. Finally, this study of micro-analysis shows
deterioration of mechanical properties like Tensile properties/impact properties and bending
modulus due to which failure occurs during assembly. It shows importance of polymer structure
property relationship.
Keywords: Polypropylene seat base, Stapling process, SEM/TEM, Mechanical properties,

failure.
151
Composite Products for Strategic Applications
----A Progressive Journey at BEL
Nitin Sanap, Nilesh Bhawsar, Kamil B.,K.K. Sisodia, Satish Aspat,

S. Bhaumik, S C Saikrishnan and A. K. Atta
Bharat Electronics Ltd, L1 MIDC, TJ, Navi Mumbai, India.
E-mail: drakatta@bel.co.in.
Usages of Polymer based Composite as an alternative of Metal alloy in various

Defense projectsespecially for mobile applicationshave been at an accelerated ratemainly to en-
cash its common benet ---reduction in weight penalty;enhanced strength of product with
respect to weight, high degree of latitude for the designer group in monitoring preparative
parameters to meet end-users' requirementsetc. are others.Present paper reports about BEL's
current Glass/CarbonFiberComposite (G/CFC) Products: Shelter,Mast, and Pressurized
Missile Container.
Composite Shelter:Shelter is a major platform for carrying military systems at remote site.An
ultralight C-ber shelter,dimension 2500(L) x 2200(W)m x 2200(H)mm, Bare weight,350 kg
that can sustain payload 1500 kg, a unique of its kind, rst time developed in India.Shelter's
superior EMI Shielding (60db),testimony to safe housing for Electronic components with 50%
lighter weight than conventional Al-shelter (700 kg)renders it an attractive alternative for
mobile uses.
Composite Mast :A 7.5/1.5M C-ber, Lead Screw driven, Electro-Mechanical Telescopic
Mast, having pre-requisite self- weight < 100 kg, storable at the pre-allotted space, 1600(L)x
400(W)x 400(H) mm of Mi-17 Helicopter has been developed for Air Force for its
transportation and installation of VHF type Antennae (30 Kg Payload) at high altitude
(>5000m) environment.Composite Tubes consisting of carbon ber and epoxy resin were
manufactured using Filament Winding Process. Collars, nut housings were tted on
152
corresponding tube sections. Masts were tested in extreme climatic (JSS-55555) conditions.
Prior to Mast development, 3D modeling, FEA analysis (safety factor ~2.0) was calculated to
achieve structural strength and rigidity. The integrity of design was checked by increasing pay
load more than three times (100kg) without any physical damage against Design specs (30 kg
Pay Load), Angle of Deection+1deg, which is indicative of its versatile applications.
Composite Pressurized Missile Container: During peace timeproper storage of Missile
without oxidative degradation is imperative for its any-time-use capability in case of war
scenario. BEL has developed GFRP based positive pressurised (0.2 bar) container for Missile
system. The container,dimension 6060(L)x1070(W)x1070(H)mm, Made of E-Glass Fiber and
Epoxy Resin material has been manufactured using VARTM Process.
'Make in India'initiatives at BEL for developing above mentioned G/CFC Products,their design,
Manufacturing, Test hurdles crossedover to meet end-users' requirements will be discussed.
Keywords: Composite shelter, Composite mast, Composite pressurized missile container.
153
Synthesis, Characterization and Proton Exchange Properties of
New Crosslinked Sulfonated Polytriazoles
Sayantani Saha1, Anaparthi Ganesh Kumar1, Md. Tabish Noori2, Susanta Banerjee1,
Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar2, Hartmut Komber3 and Brigitte Voit3
1
Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
3
Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) using proton conducting

ionomeric membranes have been exhaustively explored for the applications in various sectors
like electric vehicles, residential power sources, and portable devices.The Cu (I) catalysed
Huisgen 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction of terminal alkynes and azides employing click
chemistry has been employed here to synthesize a new series of sulfonated polytriazoles
(PTCTSH-XX) from a mixture of two diazide monomers; a nonsulfonated diazide monomer
4,4-bis[3-triuoromethyl-4(4-azidophenoxy) phenyl]benzene (TAZ) and a sulfonated diazide
monomer, 4,4'-diazido-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt (SAZ), with an equimolar
amount of a dialkyne monomer, 3,5-bis(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzoic acid (BPBA). The monomers
were strategically chosen so that the molecular weight of the repeating unit was lower resulting
in high ion exchange capacity (IEC). Also, the ® COOH functionality was incorporated in
order to provide a crosslinking site.
All the polymers were structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopic
techniques. The polytriazoles exhibited a combination of various properties such as good
solubility in various solvents, lm forming abilities and high thermal stability. The membranes
in dry state exhibited very high tensile strength (TS) in the range 38-71 MPa, Young's modulus
ranging from 1.10-1.65 GPa with elongation at break values in the range of 7.6-12.6 %
depending upon various degree of sulfonation. The theoretical IECW values of the polymers
were within the range 1.57–2.52 mequiv/g depending on the exact degree of sulfonation. The
154
TEM micrographs of the sulfonated copolymers exhibited an excellent phase separated
morphology along with uniformly distributed ionic domains with a cluster size ranging from 20-
50 nm.The proton conductivity values of the polymers were found within the range 15-67
mS/cm at 30 °C, 38–163 mS/cm at 80 °C and 42–176 mS/cm at 90 °C in completely hydrated
condition.The activation energy of proton conductivity (Ea) values for the polymers were found
to lie within the range of 13.88–15.96 kJ mol-1, which was close to the reported values of Naon®
117 (13.65 kJ mol-1). However, the polymers exhibited high water uptake values and poor
oxidative and dimensional stability. Hence, the copolymers were crosslinked using poly(vinyl
alcohol) to improve oxidative and dimensional stability. The fuel cell studies of all the polymers
were performed in microbial fuel cell. Accordingly, this series of sulfonated copolymers can be
promoted as a suitable candidate for PEM materials.
Keywords: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), Crosslinked sulfonated

polytriazoles, Mechanical properties, Activation energy of proton conductivity (Ea).
155
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
Fabrication of ZnO Nanoparticle and Chitosan-Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
Polymer Composites with Improved Thermal and Optical Properties
Santosh Kumar, Rahman Md. Morshedur and Joonseok Koh

Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University,
Seoul 05029, South Korea
E-mail: santoshics@gmail.com
Nanobiocomposite material is a fast growing eld of research and a broad range of

technologies are being explored and new materials with fascinating properties are emerging
elds. Chitosan is a linear bio copolymer that possesses β-(1–4) linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-
D-glucopyranose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glycopyranose. Chitosan is a biopolymer, used in
biomedical and industrial applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility and low
cytotoxicity. The dispersion of reinforcing nano sized particles into a continuous polymer host
to form a nanocomposite has attracted great attention in recent years, because it can provide
important enhancements in physical properties at very low levels of the nano-sized llers. The
bionanocomposites were prepared by a greener approach. Bionanocomposite lms were
characterized and evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction. Thermal
stability of the nanocomposites was examined by using thermogravimetry thermal analysis and
differential scanning calorimetry. The surface morphology of the nanocomposites was observed
by eld emission scanning electron microscopy and eld emission transmission electron
microscopy analysis. The studies on the photoluminescent properties of bionanocomposites
material indicate that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles increases its intensities and red shifting
comparison with chitosan or PVA composites material. Present investigation, the
bionanocomposite being a biocompatible, eco-friendly, and low-cost material could nd
potential applications in biomedical applications.
Keywords: Nanobiocomposite, Chitosan, ZnO nanoparticles.
157
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS APM-2018
Studies in Effect of Electron Beam and Chemical Crosslink on
Electrical Properties of PP:EPDM:LDPE Ternary Blends
Chandan Ashokrao Fuke and Mahanwar P A

Department of polymer and surface engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology,
Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India.
E-mail: chandanfuke009@gmail.com. , pmahanwar@yahoo.com.
Electron beam curing is the growing eld of technology for ecofriendly high rate of
crosslinking of polymer. Thermoplastic vulcanizates are one of the leading polymers and
blends used in varied industries. The chemical crosslinked polyolens are used as insulating
coatings for high voltage transmitters. The small capacity transmitter conventional polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) coating are used. The present paper exploits the possibilities of developments of
alternative material to conventional PVC so as to have green cable. Present paper presents the
effect of polymer component concentration, electron beam dosage and chemical crosslinking
on electrical and mechanical properties of neat polymers as well as ternary blends. It is found the
PP:EPDM:LDPE ternary blend with electron beam crosslinked with 100 KGy shows superior
electrical, mechanical properties as compared to conventional PVC coating.
Keywords: Thermoplastic elastomeric blend, polypropylene (PP), EPDM, LDPE, Electron

beam chemical crosslinking etc.
158
Methionine Based Polymer Coated Stimuli Responsive
Cationic Silver Nanoparticles
1 2 1
Sanchita Nandy , Lakshmi Priya Datta and Mahuya Das
1
Regent education and research foundation, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
2
University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
E-mail: sanchita.pq@gmail.com
Naturally occurring amino acid containing functional monomers and polymers have
been comprehensively investigated in recent years for the preparation of synthetic non-
biological macromolecules with biomimetic structures and properties for various biomedical
applications. Methionine, one of the two sulphur-containing proteinogenic amino acids, has
been studied very little in the area of polymer chemistry although methionine plays major roles
in biosynthesis of proteins, DNA methylation activity, etc. we prepared tert-butyloxycarbonyl
(Boc)-methionine methacryloyloxyethyl ester (METMA) and polymerized by reversible
addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to prepare homopolymer of
methionine. After successful deprotection of the Boc groups, water soluble methionine moiety
has been exploited for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, followed by exploration of anti-
microbial activity of the nanoparticles. In recent years, nanoscale interactions have attracted
considerable attention from both fundamental and applied research. It was found that the pre-
modication of silver particles with biofunctional molecules was necessary to generate suitable
surface properties which could stabilize the metallic colloid and enhance the biocompatibility.
The methionine polymer used in the present work would act as both capping and functionalizing
agent which would provide the cationic charge on the outer surface of the metallic nanoparticles
along with pH responsive feature due to the presence of cationic polymer.
Keywords: Methionine, tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-methionine methacryloyloxyethyl ester

(METMA), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.
159
Preparation of Phosphorous Containing
Fire Retardant Silica for Vinyl Ester Resin
Vibha Shree, Nitish Kumar, Gyan Vardhan and A. K. Sen

Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
E-mail: akhilsen@bitmesra.ac.in
Composites prepared from vinyl ester resin possess superior material properties,
compared to most unsaturated polyesters. The main drawback of the resin is its higher
ammability.This drawback of resin is controlled by adding halogenated ame retardants.
However, halogenated ame retardants produce corrosive and toxic smoke which affects the
environment and human health. Flame retardants containing phosphorus seem to offer a
promising halogen-free way to render the resin and their composites ame retardant in the
future. Phosphorus-based compounds act both in condensed phase by covering the outer layer
of polymers with a non-ammable coating called char and also in gaseous phase by releasing PO
radicals, which have radical trapping ability.
In the present work phosphorous containing silica is being prepared from sodium
metasilicate at temperature 60-65°C using phosphorous containing agents (Orthophosphoric
acid and Hypophosphorous acid) by sol-gel method. The gel is dried at 100°C until constant
weight and the material obtained are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM picture of phosphorous containing
silica is ufer. TGA analysis shows improved thermal stability and higher char yield for
phosphorous containing silica samples. Composites were prepared by using two different silica
llers at different proportions with vinyl ester resin. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and smoke
density of the composite samples were evaluated. The higher LOI value and the higher char
yield of the phosphorous containing silica composite material were found.
Keywords: Phosphorus, Silica, Limiting Oxygen Index, Smoke Density
160
Structural and Micromechanical Study of Polymer Blends of
Polyphenylene Oxide and Polystyrene (PPO:PS)
Beena Rai, J.M. Keller and Rakesh Bajpai

Department of Physics, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India
E-mail: sharmapalak53@gmail.com
A polymer blend is a mixture of two or more polymers that have been blended together to
generate a new material with different physical properties. PPO and PS has a chance to give
complementary properties to each other and hence there is a huge interest in studying the PPO:
PS polymer blends. PPO is known as a good engineering polymer with superior mechanical
properties and good miscibility with PS. With these objectives, the present work focus on the
synthesis and characterization of polymer blend of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and Polystyrene
(PS). The Polymer blends of Poly (Phenylene Oxide) (PPO) and Poly (Styrene) (PS) has been
prepared using sol gel technique. The pure polymeric samples and their blends of ratio 95:05;
85:15; and 80:20 weight percentage has been prepared. The prepared polymer blend were
characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques for their structural characterization
and their micromechanical studies were done by Microhardness study. Interplanar distance,
crystallite size and order of crystallinity has been determined by XRD tecqnique. It is found that
as the concentration of PPO increases, the interplanar distance and crystallite size and the order
of crystallinity increases. On the basis of microhardness study, We can say that all the polymer
blends have high Hv value then pure PS but the Hv value for pure PPO is highest.
Keywords: Poly (Phenylene Oxide) (PPO), Poly (Styrene) (PS), Microhardness, Hv
161
Polyurea Coatings for Blast Mitigation: Evolution of
Structural and Mechanical Properties
1,2 2 1
Nahid Iqbal , Devendra Kumar and Prasun Kumar Roy
1
Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
2
Department of Applied Chemistry and Polymer Technology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
E-mail: pk_roy2000@yahoo.com , pkroy@cfees.drdo.in
Polyurea coatings are being advocated as excellent candidates for retrotting

applications, particularly for blast mitigation and ballistic protection. In view of the fast kinetics
associated with the reaction of the isocyanate and amine, the polymerization reaction occurs in a
matter of seconds. Hence, polyurea is promoted for all applications where post-curing is
considered economically infeasible e.g. pipes, vehicle liners and masonry retrots. However,
during the processing stage using spray coating, internal stresses develop within the matrix,
which adversely affects the physical properties of the polymer, which in turn reect on their
mechanical properties. A nite time frame is required for the polymer to relax from the built-in
stresses, following which the polymer achieves its optimal properties. In this paper, the curing
process of a formulated polyurea system has been thoroughly studied using various analytical
techniques, with an aim to arrive at the time period required for complete curing and subsequent
stress relaxation. The structural evolution of polyurea microstructure, which in turn expresses in
terms of mechanical property, has been discussed in detail.
Keywords: Polyurea coatings, Blast mitigation, Curing kinetics.
162
Establishment of Spray Skin Process to Achieve
Desired Mechanical Properties
Ganesh Garkhedkar, Sunil Joshi and Subhash Chakote

Technical Centre, Varroc Polymers Pvt Ltd, Aurangabad, India
E-mail: amit.basme@varroc.com
In today's dynamic Automotive market, youths are preferring higher CC engines bikes
which gives them pleasure of long drives in countryside, Hilly regions. These environmental
conditions generate high vibrations and calls for Super comfortable seats. This need was
identied and a new Polyurethane Integral skin seat was developed rst time in Indian
motorcycle market.These seats generally used for High end motorcycles seats since it gives
Excellent contours, Comfort, Cut and Puncture resistance, UV Protection, Waterproof Seats and
excellent durability. This process involves In-mould coating with desired colour followed by
spraying of spray skin Polyurethane into the mold to form coloured skin over which exible
Polyurethane injected into steel mould and cured at ambient temperature for 24 hrs to form foam
with skin. During this process, mechanical properties of skin observed poor compared to desired
specication. To overcome this issue, study of SEM analysis has been done which shows that
produced samples has less pours per inches (PPI) compared to benchmarked samples which
leads to deterioration of mechanical properties of Spray skin. Finally, this study refers to
controlling of process parameters like Humidity, temperature,Chemical analysis, homogeneity
of material along with nished layer of spray skin &In mould coating to achieve desired PPI&
mechanical properties as per benchmark samples.
Keywords: Polyurethane, Foam, SEM, Pours per Inches (PPI), Spray skin.
163
Dispersion of Nanoclay Platelets on Starch Grafted
Polyethylhexylacrylate/ Polyvinylalcohol Nanocomposite Thin lms
Kalyani Prusty and Sarat K Swain

Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology,
Sambalpur, Odisha, India
E-mail: swainsk2@yahoo.co.in
Nanoclay incorporated starch grafted Polyethylhexylacrylate/polyvinylalcohol/clay (S-

g-PEHA/PVA@clay) nanocomposite thinlms are synthesized by in situ polymerization of
ethylhexylacrylate. The thickness of the S-g-PEHA/PVA@clay nanocomposite thin lms
mainly depend on the polymerization of the ethyl hexyl acrylate and concentrations of the PVA.
The structural interactions of clay in nanocomposite thinlms are identied by Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface
morphology and nanostructural behaviour of nano composite thin lms are characterized by
eld emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and high resolution transmission
electron microscopy (HRTEM), while; the topology and surface roughness of the lms is
characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM). It is found that, the exfoliated and
intercalation of clay platelets in nanocomposite thinlms dependent on the concentration of
Cloisite 30B loading. The thermal conductivity, tensile, thermal properties and refractive index
are studied as a function of clay loading. It is noticed that, tensile strength, thermal conductivity,
thermal properties as well as refractive index of lms are increased with increase in Cloisite®
30B concentration due to the formation of exfoliated and partial intercalated structure of S-g-
PEHA/PVA@clay. The chemical resistance and biodegradable properties of the nanocomposite
thin lms are studied. The oxygen barrier properties of the nanocomposite thin lms are reduced
by ve folds with incorporation of nanoplatelates of clay.
164
Scheme: Schematic representation of nano clay incorporated starch hybrid PEHA/PVA
nanocomposite thin lms
Keywords: Cloisite®30B, AFM, HRTEM, Refractive index, DSC, Oxygen barrier.
165
Studies in Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of
Recycled PC and Virgin PC Filled Composite and its Compatibilization
Rohit S. Tarade and Prakash A. Mahanwar

Department of Polymer & Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai
E-mail: rohittarade91@gmail.com
Blends of recycled polycarbonate (PC) and Virgin (PC) with various amount of (5,10 &
15 wt. %) wollastonite were prepared using co-rotating twin-screw extruder and mechanical,
Thermal and morphological properties were investigated. The compatibilizer SBC elastomer
(0,1,3,5 &7 %) were used were used to study effect on the properties of the composites. The
results showed that wollastonite had no signicant effect on the tensile strength of the blends
while decreased the Impact strength, the maximum decrease being about 30% whenusing 15%
of this wollastonite. Notched Izod impact strength tests indicate that theSBC compatibilized
blend increased the impact strength of blends. The maximum value of this increase occurred
when using 7% of compatibilizer. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that
theparticle size of the dispersed phase was decreased in the continuous phase of PC by using the
compatibilizer. Moreover, a blend without compatibilizer showed brittle behaviour while the
blends containing compatibilizer showed ductile behaviour in fracture.
Keywords: PC, Wollastonite, Recycle blend, Compatibilizer.
166
Effect of Mechanical Properties and Free Vibration Characteristics
of Hybrid Composite Beams
R.Vigithra, S.Prakash and A.Krishnamoorthy

School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
E-mail: vigee23@gmail.com
This paper explains the investigation of hybrid composites which is arranged in layers, it
is arranged with ax and kenaf. The high demand in eco friendly materials for any engineering
structures makes the best alternatives for synthetic bres which is highly used in automobile
applications where the properties also satised with demands. In this investigation the different
elastic modulus values are preferred to study the effects of layering arrangements in hybrid
composite laminates, also characteristics of vibrations are tested. These layers are fabricated by
hand layup technique using low viscous bio degradable resin. The various properties like
vibration characteristics, exural strength, tensile strength as per ASTM standards as evaluated
and reported. This paper justies that the hybrid laminates in natural bres could be apply for
applications which compromise the properties.
Keywords: Natural Fibre, Hybrid laminates, Tensile strength, Flexural strength, Natural
frequency, Damping.
167
Design and Optimization of Small Horizontal
Axis Wind Turbine (Shawt) Blade by Using ABS Material
Manoj Kumar Chaudhary, S. Prakash and A. Krishnamoorthy

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology,
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
E-mail: manojzf2011@gmail.com
A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical
energy this energy is known as wind power. The main focus is in this research paper to establish
on the relationship between tip speed ratios and pitch angle. In this study, airfoil SG 6043 was
selected and studies were conducted for variable chord and twisted blade, with blade number 3,
5 and 7. A simulation based design and optimization process was adopted and calculated by
using Mat lab program.In this study, two-dimensional aerofoil (i.e. SG 6043) models are
presented using ANSYS software.
Manufacturing by 3D printing process using ABS is amorphous and therefore has no
true melting point. ABS is a terpolymers made by polymerizing styrene and Acrylonitrile in the
presence of polybutadiene. The most important mechanical properties of ABS are impact
resistance and toughness. A variety of modications can be made to improve impact resistance,
toughness, and heat resistance Values of modulus of elasticity and density for selected material
are entered and analysis is done. Here value of modulus of elasticity and density for ABS is
9 3
entered. Value of Modulus of elasticity (E) = 2.6 x 10 Mpa and density ρ = 1052 kg/m Also
static loading of blade and deection can be found out from this simulation.
Key words: Micro Wind turbine, Blade, SG, FRP.
168
Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Filled with
Red Mud and Coal Mine Overburden Material
Prithika Das1, M.K.Mishra1, Alok Satapathy2

1
Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
E-mail: das.prithikarkl@gmail.com
The tribological property of newly developed epoxy composites is reported based on

Taguchi analysis. The epoxy composites are lled with red mud and coal mine overburden
material which are the residues of industries and are widely available in environment. Five
composites of different weight proportions (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt. %) are made by solution
casting method. A mechanical property such as compressive test is performed as per ASTM
standard. Dry sliding wear test are performed by pin on disk machine with a constant track
diameter of 60mm but with different sliding velocity, normal loads, sliding distances and weight
percentages (overburden contents changes while red mud is constant). The result shows that
when overburden percentages increases, both compressive strength and wear resistance
increases.
Key words: Tribological property, Taguchi analysis, epoxy, coal mine overburden, red mud.
169
NANOTECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION
Development of Selenium Based Curing Agent
andNanocomposite Materials
D.Rajagopal1, Attif Mujthaba1 and J.Premkumar1and Ananda Kumar Srinivasan2

1
Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu
2
Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
E-mail: rajagopal.desikan@vit.ac.in
Epoxy resins are versatile materials with excellent salt water and chemical resistance
and are widelyusedas matrix materials for the fabrication of advanced composites, protective
coatings and encapsulant for electrical devices, etc. On the other hand, Selenium metal
impregnated entity as a curing agent is unknown in the literature. This chalcogenoffers special
properties to the materials to which it is introduced by way of improving strength and electrical
properties. The objective of this work is to make use of selenium based building block for i) to
synthesize a novel selenium based ether linked tetraglycidyl 1, 4-bis (4-amine-
phenoxy)benzene epoxy resin (TGBAPB) via functionalized diseleniumand epichlorohydrin
intermediate and furthermore, this work is to explore the possible use of this selenium
containing TGBAPB as a possible toughening agent cum functional reinforcement for
diglycidyl epoxy (DGEBA), which requires a substantial improvement in toughness and ii) to
use selenium based entity as curing agent for epoxy resin for the fabrication of novel
composites that can be utilized for advanced engineering applications.The synthesized
selenium based TGBAPBepoxy resin will be blended with DGEBAof 50:50 blend
combinations and the reinforcing effect of se-TGBAPB towards thermal and mechanical
properties of TGBAPB/DGEBA blend epoxy nanocomposites in comparison withthose of the
neat DGEBA and TGBAPB is performed and the results are discussed in detail.
Keywords: Selenium based curing agent, Epoxy, Mechanical properties, Thermal properties.
171
NANOTECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION APM-2018
Exploration the Efcacy of Functionalized Graphene
Oxide Quantum Dot Based Nanomaterial as Nanocargo
in Cancer Therapeutic Application
Sriparna De1, Kartik Patra2, Aditi Dey3, Joytirmoy Maiti2, Dipak Rana4
1
and Dipankar Chattopadhyay
1
Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta-
2
Department of Zoology, West Bengal State Univeristy, Barasat
3
Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal
4
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Membrane Research Institute,
University of Ottawa, Canada
E-mail: sriparna.de2@gmail.com
Nanotechnology has acquired an immense recognition in cancer theranostic plethora.

Considerable advancement has been noted to develop targeted drug delivery vehicle for potent
delivery of anti-cancer drug to the tumour specic site. Recently multifunctional nanomaterials
are being explored and prove its versility as nanovehicles/nanocargo in cancer
chemotherpeutics. Nanoparticles offer signicant opportunities for developing drug-delivery
system owing to its fascinating properties such as facile synthesis, tunable size, well-dened
optical and surface properties and excellent biocompatibility.
In the present work, folic acid (FA) functionalized biopolymeric graphene oxide quantum dot
(GOQD) based nanomaterials were synthesized. The synthesized nanomaterials were
characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-
Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) was also
employed to characterize the formation of GOQD. To corroborate the efcacy functionalized
GOQD as nanocarrier, anticancer drug (5-u) was adopted for encapsulation. MTT assay was
performed to understand the cytotoxic behavior of the nanomaterials. Cytomorphological
micrographs of breast cancer cell exhibited the various morphological arrangements subject to
apoptosis of cell. Cellular uptake studies manifested functionalized GOQD could specically
transport the drug molecule within cancerous specic site. Further anti-cancer efcacy of this
nanomaterial was scrutinized in breast cancer cell line and represented through 4',6-diamidino-
2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining micrographs.
Keywords: Functionalized graphene oxide quantum dot, Nanocargo, Cancer therapeutic

application.
172
Thermal Characterization of Nano Composites Prepared
from DGEBA Epoxy Matrix and Nano CaCO3
1 2 3
Manoj Kumar Shukla , Archana Mishra , Kavita Srivastava ,
and Deepak Srivastava4
1
Faculty of Engg. & Tech., Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India.
2
Department of Plastic Tech., Govt. Polytechnic College, Kota, Rajasthan, India.
3
Department of Chemistry, V. S. S. D. College, Kanpur, U.P., India.
4
School of Chem. Tech. Department of Plastic Technology, H.B. T. U. , Kanpur, U.P., India
E-mail: mkshukla.10@gmail.com, dsri92@gmail.com
Advancements in nano technology industries promise to offer improvement in

capabilities across the spectra of applications of polymeric matrices. The numbers of
thermoplastic and thermosetting matrices are subjected to improve the thermal stability via
incorporation of nano llers (< 100nm particle size) in the matrix system. This attracts wide
variety of applications for high temperature performance. Epoxy resin is increasingly used as a
matrix for widespread applications in engineering composites, coatings, oorings, structural
adhesives, automotive and aerospace applications. The incorporation of nano CaCO3 llers in
epoxy resin has been proved to be an alternative for the improvement of thermal properties of
resultant nano composites. This attributed to the nano size and high aspect ratio of nano
CaCO3.In the present study Epoxy/CaCO3 nano composites were prepared by mechanical
mixing of DGEBA epoxy resin having epoxide equivalent weight (EEW) of 180 g/eq and
varying concentrations of nano CaCO3 ranging between 1-10 wt% followed by sonication for 30
min. The prepared Epoxy/nano CaCO3 mixtures were poured into the Teon mold and subjected
to curing at 110ºC for 1 hour and post curing at 80ºC for 5 hrs. The prepared nano composite
samples were investigated for the thermal stability of nano composite samples by
thermogravimeric analysis (TGA). The IDT, FDT and Char yield values were increased as the
concentration of nano ller increased. It was observed that the sample containing 5 wt% nano
CaCO3 in epoxy matrix showed maximum thermal stability as compared to other compositions
of nano composite and neat epoxy matrix. The prepared samples also investigated for the FTIR
spectroscopic analysis to conrm the non reactivity of nano ller towards resin matrix,
morphology by SEM and curing studies by DSC.
Key words: Epoxy matrix, Nano composites, DGEBA epoxy resin, Nano CaCO3.
173
Synthesis, Characterization, Swelling Behavior and Antimicrobial Activities
of Poly (N-Cyclohexylacrylamide- co- Acrylamide-co-2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl
Propane Sulphonic Acid Sodium Salt) ZnO Nanocomposite Hydrogels
K.Bharathi 1 and P.Pazhanisamy2

1
Research and development centre, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamil Nadu
2
Department of Chemistry, Sir Theagaraya College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
E-mail : p_pazhanisamy@yahoo.com
Poly(N-cyclohexylacrylamide-co- acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane

sulphonic acid sodium salt) Zinc oxide nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized by free-
radical copolymerization in aqueous ethanol medium using Ammonium per sulphate (APS) as
the initiator and N,N'- methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker at 600 C. The zinc oxide
nano composite hydrogels were prepared by via in situ polymerization using zinc oxide nano
particles. The amount of N-cyclohexylacrylamide (NCA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers
were xed and the amount of sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid
(AMPSNa) was varied. The swelling behavior of nanocomposite hydrogels were studied by
gravimetric method and degree of swelling was increased by increasing the amount of 2-
acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid sodium salt (AMPSNa). The zinc oxide
nanocomposite hydrogels has shown very good antimicrobial activity on pathogenic bacteria
and fungi. The SEM/EDX images indicate the presence of Zinc oxide nano particles in the
polymer matrix.
Keywords: Poly(N-cyclohexylacrylamide-co- acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl

propane sulphonic acid sodium salt), Zinc oxide, Hydrogels.
174
Effect on Compressive Properties of
MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond Hybrid Epoxy Composites
Baljit Singh and Akash Mohanty

School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, TN, India.
E-mail: mohanty@vit.ac.in
Monolithic epoxy, because of its brittleness, cannot prevent crack propagation and is
vulnerable to fracture under the application of the axial compressive load. However, it is well
established that when reinforced—especially by nano-llers, such as
MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond and other carbonaceous materials—its ability to withstand
crack propagation is propitiously improved. In this research work, an attempt was made to study
thecompressive properties of MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamondreinforced hybrid epoxy(L-
12) composites. An Epoxy-based nanocomposites with 0.2% of
MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond content was prepared,the aim of improving the bonding
strength of MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamondwith epoxy composites.Better dispersed
MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond can be obtained after 2-hour bath sonication treatment. The
degree of dispersion and exfoliation was investigated using scanning electron microscopy.
Static uniaxial compression tests were conducted in order to study the effect of
MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond on the compressive stress-strain behaviour and
compressive properties of the Epoxy L-12 polymer.The
MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamondllers contributed to improved interfacial interaction
between the epoxy resin and the llers.The bonding between
MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond and epoxy resin is conrmed by microscopy observations.
It was found that the compression strength improved by approximately 14% with the addition
MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond in the epoxy.
Keywords: MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond, Hybrid epoxy composites, Compressive

properties.
175
Flexible Solid State Symmetric Supercapacitor Devices By
Copper Phthalocyanine Nanowire
1 2 3
Madhupriya Samanta , Moumita Mukherjee , Promita Howli ,
4 1
Uttam Kumar Ghorai and Kalyan K. Chattopadhyay
1
School of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
2
Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science,
Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
3
Department of Physics, Prabhu Jagatbandhu College, Jhorhat, Andul, Howrah, India
4
Department of Industrial Chemistry & Swami Vivekananda Research Centre,
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, India
E-mail: kalyan_chattopadhyay@yahoo.com
In response to the changing environmental conditions, energy has become a primary

focus to the scientic researcher community and the major world. An extensive interest has been
grown up to develop and rene more efcient energy storage devices. One such device, the
Supercapacitor, has matured signicantly over the last century and emerged with the potential to
facilitate major advances in energy storage. Different inorganic nanostructures have already
reported for superior electrochemical performances. But recently, organic metal
phthalocyanine nanocstructures have gained immense interest owing to their superior charge
transfer capabilities, mechanically exible nature and low temperature processing technique.
There are lots of works, which have been done to explore the fascinating properties of different
Metal phthalocyanines. Among them, Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) is of enormous interest
due to its multifunctional activity in the eld of nano sciene and technology. In this work, CuPc
nanowires were synthesized through a facile and room temperature solution method. Then
samples have been well characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM ets. Sample deposited on PET
substrate can be used as electrode. Solid state symmetric supercapacitor devices were fabricated
by PVA-LiCl gel and lter paper as separator. CV and Charge Discharge (CD) are performed by
Gamry interface 1000. From CV graph, it is calculated that our device exhibits ~871.67 μF/cm2
specic capacitance at 10 mV/S. As obtained result proclaimed that our exible device can be
used as a potential candidate for high performance electrochemical storage device in a low cost
manner.
176
Keywords: Supercapacitor devices, Copper phthalocyanine nanowire.
177
Epoxy/Nano CaCO3 and Epoxy/Nano Al2O3 Nano Composites:
A Comparison Study of Mechanical Properties
Archana Mishra1, Manoj Kumar Shukla2, Kavita Srivastava3, and Deepak Srivastava4
1
Department of Plastic Tech., Govt. Polytechnic College, Kota, Rajasthan, India
2
Faculty of Engg. & Tech., Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India.
3
Department of Chemistry, V. S. S. D. College, Kanpur, U.P., India.
4
School of Chem. Tech. Department of Plastic Technology, H.B. T. U. , Kanpur, U.P., India
E-mail: mkshukla.10@gmail.com
The reinforcement of polymer using ller is very common and important in the
production of modern plastics. The use of inorganic llers has been a common practice in the
plastic industry to improve the properties of thermoplastics and thermosetting resins such as
heat distortion temperature, hardness, toughness, stiffness and mold shrinkage. Polymers are
often mixed with various particulate additives and llers in order to produce a new class of
materials termed polymeric composites. Although CaCO3 has been exclusively used as ller in
thermoplastics, however, no report is available about its use in thermosetting materials
especially with novolac epoxy resin. Similarly, nano Al2O3 also has hardness, wear resistance,
excellent dielectric properties, good thermal conductivity, excellent shape and size capability,
high strength and stiffness and high dielectric constant. The nano alumina/epoxy is generally
used for the coating applications such as coating of printed circuit board, inner coating of
automobiles, corrosion resistance coating in chemical reactors, etc. Therefore nano alumina
was considered of interest to evaluate thermal and mechanical properties.
In the present study nano composites were prepared by mechanical mixing of novolac
epoxy resin and estimated amount of nano Al2O3 and CaCO3 separately followed by high speed
mixing for 30 minutes and subsequent curing with a suitable curing agent. The prepared nano
composites were tested for mechanical properties viz. tensile strength, elongation, impact
strength and toughness. It was observed that as the concentration of nano llers increased in the
matrix system, the tentile strength, impact resistance. elongation at break and toughness of both
kinds of nano composite system increased and found maximum for 3 wt% nano llers loaded
nano composite samples. On comparing the maximum improvement in mechanical properties
of both kinds of nano composite, it was also observed that the tensile strength, elongation at
break and impact resistance of the matrix found higher with nano alumina ller than the nano
CaCO3, while toughness remains as it is. All the nano composite fractured samples were also
investigated for the morphological studies by SEM.
Key words: Epoxy matrix, Nano composites, Novolac epoxy resin, Nano CaCO3.
178
Facile Synthesis of rGO/CuPc Nanocomposite and
its Application in Cold Cathode Emission
Moumita Mukherjee1, Madhupriya Samanta2, Uttam Kumar ghorai3,

1 2
Gour P.Das and Kalyan K. Chattopadhyay
1
Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science,
Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
2
School of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
3
Department of Industrial Chemistry & Swami Vivekananda Research centre,
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah
E-mail: moumeetas@gmail.com
Organic/inorganic based nanostructures such as nanorods, nanotips, nanotubes are

attracting signicant research interest as cold cathode materials due to their low turn-on voltage
and high current density and their suitability in high-resolution eld emission display related
applications. Electron eld emission or cold cathode emission is a direct consequence of
quantum tunnelling in which electrons from an emitting cathode pass to the anode by over-
coming surface potential barrier in the presence of an externally applied electric eld. As
previously reported, Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) is considered to be a superior candidate as a
eld emitter among the organic semiconductors. Due to planar macrocyclic structure and
availability of π electrons, 1D growth of phthalocyanine is favourable through π-π interaction.
Here, CuPc nanorods were synthesized from bulk CuPc powder followed by the transformation
of nanorods to nanotubes by self assembly in simple hydrothermal method. On the other hand,
graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by modied Hummers method and reduced to obtain
RGO using hydrazine hydrate and ammonia solution. Thus obtained RGO and CuPc nanotube
was mixed together in DMF and kept on stirring for 12 hrs. The precipitate was collected and
washed thoroughly using acid, alchohol and water. The as-synthesized RGO/CuPc
nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), UV visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Field emission scanning
electron microscope (FESEM) respectively. In this report, it is shown that as prepared
179
RGO/CuPc nanocomposite can act as electron eld emitter having a turn-on eld 3.76 V/µm for
anode to cathode distance of 120 μm. The local electric eld distribution around the composite
system was also further studied theoretically by using ANSYS Maxwell simulation package.
The nanocomposite material showed better result than pristine CuPc nanostructure. The
obtained results prove that our synthesized RGO/CuPc nanocomposite can act as potential cold
cathode emitter for electron emission based applications such as vacuum nanoelectronics
devices and eld emission display device.
Keywords: Reduced Graphene oxide, CuPc nanotube, Cold cathode emission.
180
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyimide and
its Functionalized SiO2 Nanocomposite
Bharath P, Arun S and Saroja Devi M

Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai, India
E-mail: bharathp916@gmail.com
In the recent years high value specialty polymers, which are used in aerospace
engineering are being used in more demanding applications. High performance polymers such
as polyimides have higher specications. These polyimides have become an increasingly
important class of materials in the eld of aerospace and microelectronics industry. Polyimides
are a class of thermally stable polymers that are often based on stiff aromatic backbones. The
chemistry of polyimides is in itself a vast area with a large variety of monomers available and
several methodologies are available for synthesis.The properties of polyimides can be
dramatically altered by minor variations in the structure. The subtle variations in the structures
of the monomer components have a tremendous effect on the properties of the polyimide. A new
diamine monomer 2-{5-[bis(4-aminophenyl)methyl]-2-{2-oxo-2-[4-(quinolin-6-
yloxy)phenyl]ethoxy}phenoxy}-1-[4-(quinolin-6-yloxy)phenyl] ethan-1-one was synthesized
by a four step process using 3,4 dihydroxy benzaldehyde, acetanilide, 8 hydroxy quinolone, 2,4
dibromo acetophenone. It was successfully polymerized into polyimide with commercially
available BPADA (Biphenol A dianhydride)by solution polymerization. Using a similar
process, polymer- nano composite was produced by incorporating SiO2nano particles by the in-
situ polymerization technique.The structure of the resulting polyimides were characterized by
FT-IR, 1H-NMR,and XRD.Glass transition temperature and thermal stability were monitored
by DSC and TGA analysis respectively.
Keywords: Polyimides, In-situ polymerization, Thermal properties.
181
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly
(N-Tert-Amylacrylamide - Co -Acrylamide / [3-(Methacryloylamino) Propyl]
Trimethylammonium Chloride) Gold Nanocomposite Hydrogel
E.Kayalvizhy1 and P.Pazhanisamy2

1
Department of Chemistry, PSGR.Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
2
Department of Chemistry, Sir Theagaraya College, Chennai , Tamil Nadu. India.
E-mail: ekayalvizhy@gmail.com
Poly (N-tert-amylacrylamide - co - acrylamide / [3-(Methacryloylamino) propyl]

trimethylammonium chloride) gold nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized by free-
radical copolymerization in Water/Methanol medium using Ammonium persulfate (APS) as
0
the initiator and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker at 60 C. The gold
Nanocomposites Hydrogels were prepared via in situ polymerization using gold nanoparticle.
The amount of N-tert-amylacrylamide (NTA) and Acrylamide (AM) monomers was xed and
the amount of [3-(Methacryloylamino) propyl] trimethylammonium chloride) was varied. The
Hydrogels were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The swelling behavior of Nanocomposite
Hydrogels studied by Gravimetric method and degree of swelling was increased by increasing
the amount of [3-(Methacryloylamino) propyl] trimethylammonium chloride). The surface
morphology was studied by SEM/EDAX analysis and it indicates the formation of spherical
shaped gold nanoparticle in the matrix.
Keywords: Poly (N-tert-amylacrylamide - co – acrylamide), [3-(Methacryloylamino) propyl]

trimethylammonium chloride, Gold, Hydrogels.
182
Inuence of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube on Mechanical And
Tribological Properties of Natural Rubber
P. Jawahar, I. Sharon Marishka, V. Chandran

Department of Production Engineering, Velammal Engineering College,
E-mail: dr.p.jawahar@gmail.com
In automotive sector, rubber has become an integral component starting from

tyres to rubber bushes. Mechanical properties of this rubber can be improved by incorporating
nanoparticles like multiwall carbon nanotubes in NR (Natural Rubber) instead of SBR. In this
work, the rubber nanocomposites is processed in double roll mill by adding the chemical
composition in the following order: Natural Rubber ; Activators – 5 phr Zinc Oxide, 2 phr
Stearic Acid ; Catalyst – 1.5 phr PIL13, 1 phr TDQ (2,2.4-trimethyl-1.2-dihydroquinoline) ; 5
phr Carbon Black (CB) ; Accelerator – 1.5 phr MOR (2-4-Morpholinothio benzothiazole) ;
Vulcanizing agent – 2 phr Sulphur. The multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is dispersed in
the varying proportions (0.5, 1, wt.%) in 6 phr high viscous aromatic rubber processing oil
(Apar) using high shear planetary ball mill for a period of 2 hours and then added during the
processing of rubber compounds followed by vulcanization at 150ºC to produce pristine NR and
CNT reinforced rubber nanocomposites. The mechanical properties like Hardness and tear
strength were studies. Tribological studies were performed on NR and CNT reinforced NR
nanocomposites under the following conditions:
(1) Load = 22.5 N; Speed = 200 RPM,
(2) Load = 32.5 N; Speed = 200 RPM,
(3) Load = 42.5 N; Speed = 200 RPM,
(4) Load = 22.5 N; Speed = 250 RPM,
(5) Load = 32.5 N; Speed = 250 RPM,
(6) Load = 42.5 N; Speed = 250 RPM,
183
(7) Load = 22.5 N; Speed = 300 RPM,
(8) Load = 32.5 N; Speed = 300 RPM,
(9) Load = 42.5 N; Speed = 300 RPM.
The hardness and tear strength is comparatively higher for hybrid nanocomposites containing 5
phr Carbon Black and CNT (0.5 and 1 phr) together as reinforcement. Tribological studies also
conrms that, both the incorporation of CNT alone in NR and CNT and CB together in NR has
signicantly improved the wear resistance of the natural rubber. Homogenous CNT
incorporation in NR by dispersing it in processing oil has signicantly improved the wear
resistance and mechanical properties of natural rubber system.
Keywords: Multiwall carbon nanotubes, Natural rubber, Mechanical properties, Tribological

studies.
184
Improved Tensile Strength of DL-PLA/ZnO Nanocomposites
for Potential Application(S)
M. K. Panigrahi1 and Debabrat Pradhan2

1
Metallurgical Engineering Département, Gandhi Institute of Engineering & Technology(GIET),
Gunupur, Rayagada, Odisha
2
Matériels Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
E-mail: muktikanta2@gmail.com
Recently, biodegradable polymers are growing every year. PLA is currently receiving
considerable attention for rather conventional applications such as biomedical devices,
packaging materials as well as production of textile bers but also nds. Interestingly, PLA-
based nanocomposites characterized by improved properties (stiffness, thermal stability, re
retardancy, lower permeability, etc.) have been produced by melt-blending PLA with different
nanollers such as organo-modied layered silicates (OMLS), calcium oxide (CaO),
magnesium oxide (MgO), and zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.
In present investigations, we are successfully impregnated wide band gap semiconducting
metal oxide (ZnO) to the DL-PLA polymer matrix. Due to the impregnation of ZnO, the
mechanical properties change drastically as it is observed from the result of tensile test.
Additionally, we are done the various tests such as morphology by FESEM with EDS &
HRTEM, spectroscopic (XRD, FTIR) and fracture (FESEM). From the tensile testing results, it
is observed that the tensile strength is signicantly improved as compare to pristine one. The
achieved strength level is signied for optimum combination of DL-PLA and ZnO which is
suited for using in making products such asmedical sutures, textile bers, etc.
Keywords: DL-PLA, Zinc oxide (ZnO), Mechanical properties.
185
Structure Development, Thermal Behaviour of Polyvinylidene Fluoride
(PVDF)-Expanded Graphite Nanocomposites
B.T.S. Ramanujam1 and C. Gopalakrishnan2

1
Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita University, Coimbatore, India
2
Nanotechnology Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, India
E-mail: ramsrag@gmail.com
Conducting Polymer Composites (CPCs) nd extensive applications in EMI shielding

devices, Sensors and actuators [1] due to the ease of processing etc. In order that the electrical
conductivity be obtained at lower loadings of llers, high aspect ratio llers such as graphite
nanosheets, graphene etc. [2] are being focused. The composites electrical behaviour can be
changed due to the development of new structures or preferential orientation of planes in
semicrystalline polymers under an appropriate processing route. The source of graphite
nanosheets can be expanded graphite which is obtained by acid intercalation either in presence
of oxidizing agents or using strong acids followed by high temperature heat treatment. In this
regard graphite nanosheets are produced from three dimensional graphite using potassium
permanganate and con.sulphuric acid in one method and in the other method without any
oxidizing agents using only perchloric acid. Both the method yields expanded graphite,
however one step synthesis of expanded graphite after heat treatment at 650 oC for few minutes
is preferred. Sonication of expanded graphite in solvent such as DMAc (N,N-Dimethyl
acetamide) results in the formation of graphite nanosheets as revealed by the TEM picture given
below. The expansion of graphite layers has been proved through FESEM and XRD analysis.
PVDF-3 wt% expanded graphite composites synthesized by melt crystallization at 200 oC
followed by quenching in water at room temperature, resulted in the enhanced intensity of (110)
reection of PVDF as shown in the Figure.2. The preferred orientation has been understood
through lattice mismatch model. The thermal annealing at different temperature of pure PVDF
and PVDF-expanded graphite composite lm as casted exhibit phase transformation which is
also conrmed through XRD analysis. The composites are analyzed by XRD,TEM,FESEM etc.
Hence the preliminary results obtained in this regard will be discussed.
186
Fig.2. XRD analysis melt crystallized PVDF, PVDF-3 wt% expanded graphite composite after
quenching in water at room temperature
Keywords: Conducting polymer composite; Graphite nanosheets; Thermal annealing;

Structure development.
187
Study of Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Electron
Beam-Cured Single walled carbon nanotube Based Ethylene Acrylic Elastomer
and Thermoset Polyurethane Blend Nanocomposites
Namita Karna, Deba Kumar Tripathy and Bibhu Prasad Sahoo

Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences KIIT University, Bhubaneswar,Odisha
Blend nanocomposites based on ethylene acrylic elastomer (AEM) and thermoset

polyurethane(MPU) lled with a special type of conductive single wall carbon nanotube
(SWNT) have been prepared by two-roll mixing mill. The compression-molded sheet of the
prepared blend nanocomposites have been subjected to electron beam (EB) radiation dose up to
400 kGy to induce radiation crosslinked composites. The dielectric relaxation behavior of
different doses of EB-treated AEM/MPU blend nanocomposites have been extensively studied
as a function of frequency of applied electric eld (101–106 Hz), SWNT loading [0.5-3 phr (parts
per hundred)], temperature (25–160⁰C), and EB dose (50–400 kGy). It is observed that the
dielectric permittivity (Ɛ ) increases with SWNT loading and temperature, but decreases with increasing EB dose. This
can beexplained on the basis of interfacial polarization. Based on dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) values, it is observed
that the dielectric relaxation time decreases with increases in the ller loading and temperature.
However, it increases with Increase in the radiation doses. Both the real and imaginary parts of
the impedance (Z and Zʺ) have been found to decrease with increase in conductive ller loading.
The AC conductivity (σac) increases with increase in the SWNTConcentration, test
temperature, and radiation doses, which is attributed to the more pronounced hopping and
tunneling mechanism. The percolation threshold (ᵠcrit) occurred in the range of 1.5 phr SWNT
loading. The miscibility of AEM and MPU has been determined from the scanning electron
microscope (SEM) photomicrographs. The dispersions of SWNT phase in AEM/MPU matrix
below and above percolation have been captured by the transmission electron microscope
(TEM) photomicrographs.
Keywords: Ethylene acrylic elastomer (AEM) and thermoset polyurethane(MPU) blend,

SWCNTs, Dielectric relaxation behaviour.
188
TiO2-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as an Efcient Adsorbent
for Organic Dyes Removal from Water
1,2 1 1 2
Ishani Khurana , Ajay K. Shaw , Bharti , Jitender M. Khurana
and Pramod Kumar Rai1
1
Environment Safety Group, Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES),
Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi,India
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi India
E-mail: khurana.ishani@gmail.com
The potential of TiO2-Graphene oxide for removal of toxic dyes such as Crystal violet
(CV) and Bromophenol blue (BPB) which contaminates water has been explored. For this
purpose, TiO2-Graphene oxide has been synthesised and characterised using SEM (Scanning
electron microscopy), TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform
Infrared spectroscopy), Raman and XRD (X-ray diffraction) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller
(BET) surface area analyzer. TiO2-Graphene oxide has been used as an adsorbent for the
removal of toxic dyes and the adsorption was studied using Langmuir, and Freundlich
adsorption isotherms. Adsorption isotherm study indicated that the distribution of dye into the
adsorbent follows Langmuir isotherm model and monolayer adsorption occurs. Pseudo second
order model best explained the kinetics of both BPB and CV. Maximum adsorption capacity was
observed for crystal violet.
Keywords: Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Graphene oxide, Organic dyes.
189
Room Temperature Magnetic Behavior in Nanocrystalline Ni-Doped ZrO2
by Microwave-Assisted Polyol Synthesis
Tapas Ranjan Sahoo

Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
E-mail: trsahoofch@kiit.ac.in
This article, deals with a microwave-assisted polyol method to demonstrate a low

0
temperature route <250 C, to prepare a high temperature cubic zirconia phase. Powder XRD
pattern shows broad diffraction peaks suggesting nanometric size of the particles. Magnetic
behavior of 1-5 at% Ni doped samples show a threshold for substitutional induced room
temperature ferromagnetism up to 3 at% of Ni. TGA data reveals that Ni-doped ZrO2 polyol
0
precursors decompose exothermically below 300 C. IR data conrms the reduction of Zr(OH)4
precipitates to ZrO2, in agreement with the conclusions drawn from the TGA analysis.
Keywords: Ni-doped ZrO 2 , Microwave-assisted polyol synthesis, Ferromagnetism,

Nanocrystalline.
190
Development of MA-g-ABS/ZnO Polymer Nanocomposite
for Anti-Microbial Materials
Olongal Manaf and Athiyanathil Sujith

Material Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicuta,
India
E-mail: manafo1991@gmail.com , athiyanathil.sujith@gmail.com
Polymeric nanocomposites are the technological innovations in 20th century. It is one of

the fastest growing research areas of science. The development of new polymeric
nanocomposites with potential application is state of the art. Polymer nanocomposites are made
by dispersing a polymer or polymer blend with different phased nanomaterials. Acrylonitrile-
butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer is a ter-copolymer with outstanding properties such as
exible strength, impact resistance, excellent surface quality and chemical resistance which
made it one of the most popular plastic material and an essential element in everyday life. ABS
found applications in several engineering components of musical instruments, golf stick,
automotive trim components and bumper bars enclosures of electronic aids. Because of the
growing commercial acceptance, the polymer blends/composites of ABS have been subjected
to intensive investigation in recent years. The immiscible polymer blends/composites often
exhibit poor mechanical properties than chemical blend/composite. Introduction of polar
functional molecules into ABS results in considerable improvements in its interfacial adhesion
with wide range of polymers and inorganic llers. For the past few decades, maleic anhydride
(MA) has been used as the functional molecules for the preparation of high performance
engineering materials [1-3]]. Metal oxide nanoparticles have more industrial application when
compare to non-metal nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) can be described as a
functional, promising strategic and versatile inorganic nanomaterial with a broad range of
applications. It holds photochemical, anti-bacterial and piezoelectric properties [4].
191
In this study, we have synthesized ZnO NPs by wet chemical method. The bonding
characteristics were conrmed by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray
diffraction (XRD) analysis. The size and morphology was observed using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). The percentage of water content and thermal stability was measured using
thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). ZnO NPs were further used to prepare MA-g-ABS/ZnO
polymer nanocomposites via melt mixing technique using internal mixture. Polyethylene vinyl
acetate (EVA) has been used as the toughening agent. The composite was characterized using
FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and tensile strength was measured using universal testing machine
(UTM). Moreover, the anti-microbial property of developed composites against gram positive
and negative bacteria was checked via serial dilution method. It showed better anti-microbial
property than pristine ABS.
Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, MA-g-ABS/ZnO polymer nanocomposites, Mechanical

properties, Anti-microbial materials.
192
High Strain Rate Behaviour of Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNT)
Reinforced Polycarbonate/Ethylene-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer Blends
for Ballistic Applications
Aisha Ahmed, Neelanchali Asija, Dhananjay Sonawane and Naresh Bhatnagar

Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
E-mail: aisha.ahmed66@gmail.com, narbhat@hotmail.com.
Current escalating ballistic threats to human life demands to develop threat-specic,

exible lightweight armor for the enhanced safety of the soldiers as well as civilians. In the eld
of composites, matrix is a critical component having a huge scope for optimization. It has
multifaceted role in ballistic composites rather than just being a binder. Based on established
high strain rate failure studies of polymer matrix composites (PMC), this study aspires to
increase impact strength and fracture energy of polymer matrix. The blends of Polycarbonate
(PC) known for itshigh impact strength and low density (1.2g/cm3) were prepared and tested.
Using co-rotating twin screw extruder PC is blended with Ethylene-methyl acrylate (EMA)
copolymer in various compositions (1-10 wt%) to improve its notch sensitivity. The blends were
compounded with Multi-walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) to further enhance dynamic
mechanical properties of PC. Dynamic mechanical behaviour of blends of PC with and without
MWCNTs is demonstrated at high strain rates using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB)
apparatus. The maximum stress value achieved for the neat PC is290.71 MPa at the limiting
strain rate (strain rate at which specimen failed) of 8519.61 s-1. Compounding of MWCNT in
PC/EMA blend leads to an increase in high strain rate load carrying capacity by 55% at
13252.88 s-1.
193
Fig. 1: High strain rate stress v/s strain plots of (a) Neat Polycarbonate, (b)PC/EMA (95:5 wt%)
(c) PC/EMA (95:5 wt%)/MWCNT (5 phr).
Keywords: Multi-walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs), Polycarbonate/ethylene-methyl

acrylate copolymer blends, Ballistic applications.
194
RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY
Recycling of WEEE Polymers: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities
Biswajit Debnath1, Ranjana Chowdhury1 and Sadhan Kumar Ghosh2

1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
Email: sadhankghosh9@gmail.com
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments (WEEE) contains a nearly 23% polymers
including Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, High Impact Polystyrene, Polystyrene, Poly vinyl
chloride Polycarbonate etc. Every year the OEM's manufacture lighter version of Electrical and
Electronic Equipments (EEE) and it is only possible by increasing the percentage of polymers
and reducing of ferrous metals. The latest End of Life (EoL) electronics will have more
polymers and their recycling will become a future concern. However, it is already a problem that
the polymers from WEEE are not recycled properly. The primary reason is that the polymer
fraction recovered from WEEE is mixed polymer and their identication is an issue. Different
technologies have been developed by the researchers for recycling of WEEE polymers
including pyrolysis, gasication, moulding etc. However, the commercializations of these
processes are yet to be realised. Existing literature fails to demonstrate the issues and challenges
behind this. Reviews on recycling of WEEE polymers are scant. In this paper, a detailed review
of recycling of WEEE polymers has been presented. The issues and challenges pertaining to the
recycling technologies of WEEE polymers have been critically discussed. The ndings of this
paper will be of importance to the research community and the stakeholders of WEEE industry.
Keywords: WEEE Polymers, Recycling Technology, Issues and Challenges.
196
RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY APM-2018
Issues and Challenges in Plastic Waste Recycling in India:
Technologies, Sustainability and Business Opportunity
1 2 3
Ankita Das , Biswajit Debnath and Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
1
MBA Department, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
2
3
With the enhancement of technological know-how human beings are desirous of having
a healthy life. That is why global summits are being held to nd out the ways for pollution free
cleaner habitation. More than 9 billion tons of plastic have been made since the 1950s, and the
vast majority of it has been thrown in the trash. Estimated Plastic Waste Generation in India is
25940 TPD (based on per capita) out of which 94% is recyclable and 6% is Non-recyclable.
Plastics and their byproducts are littering our cities, oceans and waterways, contributing to
health problems in humans and animals. It is important to use less plastic, recycle the plastic that
for further use. The plastics industry rarely uses recycled plastics in the vast majority of their
products, unlike the glass and metal industries. Plastics are typically turned into only one other
product, which is mainly send to landll at the end of its life. Recycling of plastic waste is
important in India and there are different technologies present for this purpose including green
recycling via extrusion, plasma processing, pyrolysis etc. But all of them are not sustainable.
Plastics are also being used for road construction in India and the percentage replaced is very
low. In the Indian context, works related to the plastic waste recycling technologies are scant. In
this paper different technologies of plastic waste recycling has been carried out and the related
issues and related challenges has been discussed in details. Additionally a discussion has been
presented from the perspective of sustainability to explore business opportunities.
Keywords: Plastic Waste, Recycling Technologies, Sustainability
197
Recycling of Waste Polymer towards the Advancement
of Nano Material Synthesis
Anaya Ghosh1, Biswajit Debnath2, Shubhanwita Saha3, Bimal Das1

and Sadhan Kumar Ghosh4
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, India
2
3
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
4
21st century is struggling with mountains of different waste polymers. In commercial

terms waste, plastics are occupying a signicant part of the municipal solid waste. Recycling of
waste plastic is important as this is expected to reduce the environmental impact of virgin raw
material production. Existing recycling methods, other than extrusion fails to be economically
viable. All though partial replacement of polymers is possible in road construction, the
percentage is very less compare to the amount of waste generated. With this situation, we cannot
help but convert the waste polymers into valuable materials. Since the polymers are a good
source of hydrocarbon they can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of carbonaceous nano
materials. Different types of polymers such as poly ethylene, poly propylene, poly styrene etc.
can be used for the preparation of carbonaceous nano material such as graphene and carbon nano
tube (CNT). Graphene and carbon nano tube nd its application in various elds such as
electronic, composites, waste water treatment, gas purication, gas storage etc. Existing
literatures have reported different processes for conversion of waste polymers into graphene
and CNT individually. Detailed reviews on this topic are scant. Study Under the current
investigation, an attempt has been made to review the existing literatures on conversion of
different types of polymers into graphene and carbon nano tubes. Process condition, reactor
conguration, and several other permanents have been assessed to identify the issues and
challenges and possible solutions were prescribed. Additionally, a framework has been
proposed for tackling the waste problem in a holistic manner. The outcome of the paper is
expected to be benecial for the policymakers, urban local body, research community and other
relevant stakeholders.
Keywords: Recycling, Waste polymer, Graphene, Nanotube, CNT
198
Removal of Cr (VI) From Waste Water through Adsorption
by Polyaniline Based Nanocomposite
P. Biswas, S. Praharaj and D. Rout

School of Applied Sciences (Physics), KIIT University, Deemed to be University,
Bhubaneswar-24, Odisha, India
Email: droutfpy@kiit.ac.in
The controversy and concerns related to the environment pollution is increasing in

human life and in the ecosystem. Especially, the water pollution is growing rapidly due to the
waste water discharge from the industries and this discharge contains many harmful heavy
metal ions. One of them is Chromium, which exists in the environment as trivalent Cr (III) and
hexavalent Cr (VI) forms. Among the two, Cr (VI) is considered as highly toxic, carcinogenic
and mutagenic. WHO (World Health Organization) recommended a guideline value of 0.05
-1
mgL (desirable) for total chromium in drinking water with no relaxation on a permissible limit.
In this report, the removal of Cr (VI) ions from water through adsorption process by the various
polyaniline based nanocomposites is discussed. Among the polymers, Polyaniline is generally
preferred because of its ease to synthesis in large scale, low cost monomer, easy polymerization,
electrochemical and electrical properties, offer excellent environmental stability and the
presence of the amine groups on the backbone makes it a useful adsorbent. The synthesis of
PANI nanocomposites with various types llers i.e. inorganic, organic, metal oxide nanoparticle
etc. via in situ polymerization in forms like ber, powder, lm etc. are discussed. Also, the
characterization of the nanocomposite and the effect of pH, contact time, initial concentration of
heavy metal ions, adsorbent dosage and temperature on the removal of Cr (VI) ions have been
discussed and lastly, the desorption study to ensure the reusable of polyaniline nanocomposite is
explained.
Keywords: Polyaniline, Nanocomposite, Adsorption, Electrochemical
199
Adsorptive Removal of Industrial Waste Dye Reactive Red-120 by ZIF-8:
a Mechanistic Investigation
1 1,2 1
Jagannath Panda , R. Samantaray and Rojalin Sahu
1
School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar-24, Odisha, India
2
Scholl of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar-24, Odisha, India
Email: rsahufch@kiit.ac.in
A novel, efcient and simple Zeolitic Imidazolate framework-8, a special category of

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF) is synthesized by solvothermal route. The sample is
characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET)
method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FT-IR) and UV-diffused reectance spectroscopy. BET study of the sample shows that ZIF-8 is
a mesoporous material. This MOF is used for the adsorption of textile dye Reactive Red 120.
The hierarchical adsorption behaviour of ZIF-8 with the anionic dye is analyzed with
consideration to distinct hydrogen-bonding patterns between MOF and dye molecules. A
possible mechanism is discussed from the view point of electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and π-
π interactions among adsorbate and absorbents. This novel adsorbent possesses large capacity,
low cost, rapid removal and easy separation of the solid phase which makes it an excellent
adsorbent for dye removal from industrial efuents. In addition, this adsorbent possesses
excellent reusability, being effective after at least ve consecutive cycles. The stability of the
framework is conrmed by PXRD after successive use for the removal of the dye.
Keywords: ZeoliticImidazolate, Solvothermal, Mesoporous, Adsorbent, Red dye
200
SMART MATERIALS
Synthesis, Structures and Applications of Fluorescent Organometallic
Polymeric Gel Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)
Joydev Dinda
P.G. Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
E-mail: joydevdinda@gmail.com
Ever since the rst successful isolation of a stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) by
Arduengo, there has been immense growth in the eld of NHC chemistry over the last couple of
decades. NHCs are attracting great attention as alternatives to phosphines, even becoming more
credible than phosphines. Currently, many researchers in this eld are focusing on three main
directions: (i) the development of novel NHC ligands, (ii) applications of NHCs in catalysis and
materials science, and (iii) the use of NHCs in biomedical applications.Recently, we reported
the synthesis of few Ag(I)-NHCs using pyridyl-amendment annulated 1-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-
yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-2-iumhexaurophosphate where the append pyridyl-N remains
uncoordinated in the monomeric structures. Capitalizing the uncoordinatedpyridyl-N we
developed Ag-NHC,Au-NHC and Ag-Au-NHC polymer with luminescent properties. The
Ag(I)-NHC polymer form gel in DMSO and SEM studies show the several micrometre 1D
brous molecules. The antibacterial studies of Ag-NHC polymer gel is under process.
Keywords: NHC ligands, Catalyst, Biomedical applications, Antibacterial studies.
202
SMART MATERIAL APM-2018
Hydrogen Evolution and Dye Degradation Under Visible Light
in Presence of Cadmium Zinc Sulde
Shrabani Ghosh1, Samrat Sarkar1, Nirmalya Sankar Das2,

1
Madhupriya Samanta and K.K.Chattopadhyay
1
School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata
2
Thinlm and Nano Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata
E-mail: shrabani.ghosh2012@gmail.com
Development of textile dyeing industry leading to environmental problems related to

toxic organic pollutants initiates the research of environmental management through
photocatalytic treatment efciently. Besides, unusual depletion of conventional fossil fuels in
high rate and environmental hazards associated with the use of this carbon-emitting fuels have
attracted the researcher to nd an abundant, everlasting, zero-emitting and eco-friendly
combined fuel source as an alternative. Hydrogen can be considered as highly efcient, low
polluting fuel and it can be utilized for transportation, heating and power generation in some
places where utilization of electricity becomes difcult. Here, Zn0.8Cd0.2S microspheres are
synthesized which act as a very efcient photocatalyst for MO dye degradation and H2 evolution
in presence of visible. To study the relevant properties of the material, different
characterizations like XRD, UV-VIS, FESEM are performed. XRD peak determines the
formation of solid solution by peak shifting and zinc blende phase of obtained material.
FESEM shows formation of uniform micro-spherical structure with diameter of nearly 430 nm.
UV-Vis spectroscopy gives the bangap value of 2.83 eV. Under visible light spectra, it helps to
degrade 86.2 % of MO dye within 105 minutes with a reaction rate of 1.71×10-2 min-1 and 15.66
×10-2 min-1 using Pseudo 1st Order Reaction Kinetics and Modied Freundlich Model
respectively. The hydrogen production reaction is performed via hydrolysis of NaBH4 and the
generation of hydrogen rate is increased in presence of Zn0.8Cd0.2S in presence of visible light
203
lamp with TOF 88.28 ml gm-1 min-1. It can be concluded that preferred bandgap, sufciently
negative conduction band edge and uniform structural property can be key factors for such an
impressive catalytic activity which is better than ZnS or CdS.
Keywords: Zn0.8Cd0.2S photocatalyst, H2 evolution.
204
Fluorescent Hyperbranched Polyurethane: Synthesis,
Shape-Memory Effect and Fluorescent Properties
A.Gopinath and A. Sultan Nasar

Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-25
E-mail: gopivpm2012@gmail.com
The uorescent hyperbranched shape memory polyurethane (FHBPU) constructed on

ε-caprolactone and were synthesized via A2 + B3 approach; the molecular weights (Mw) ranged
4 5 -1
from 3.48x10 to 6.8x10 g mol . The hard segment B3 monomer ratio and soft segment A2
monomer ratio also varied. The FHBPU polymers were characterized by SEC-MALLS, TGA,
DSC, WAXD, shape-memory test, absorption and emission spectrum. The highly branched
architecture does not affect the crystallization behaviors of FHBPU. The crystallization
behaviors were calculated from WAXD and DSC analysis. More interestingly, the uorescent
properties enhanced after polymerization of monomer. These uorescent hyperbranched
polymers show 100% shape-recovery rate.
Scheme: (a) synthesis of uorescent hyperbranched polyurethane via A2+B3 approach and
absorption and emission spectrum of FHBPU ((b) solution (THF), (c) solid state).
Keywords: Hyperbranch, Shape memory polyurethane, Fluorescent, A2 + B3 approach.
205
Compressive behaviour of Graphene Decorated with
Graphene Quantum Dots (G-D-GQD) and its Epoxy Nano Composites
Manuel George and Akash Mohanty

School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Chennai
This paper discusses the compressive strength and compressive modulus of Graphene
Decorated with Graphene Quantum Dots (G-D-GQD) and its epoxy nano composites. Five
materials were investigated, which were all reinforced with Graphene Quantum Dots (G-D-
GQD). The morphology of the G-D-GQD composites was analysed with scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results are showing that,
the ller contribution is having a direct relation with compressive strength and compressive
modulus up to certain weight percentages and reported.
Keywords: Compressive strength, Compressive modulus, Graphene Decorated with Graphene

Quantum Dots (G-D-GQD), Nano alumina, SEM and TEM.
206
Poly(AAC-AM-SH) Superabsorbent Hydrogels as Soil Modiers
Reena Singhal and Tripti Singh

Department of Plastic Technology, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur
E-mail: reena_singhal123@rediffmail.com
Water scarcity is a challenge to agriculture and plantation forestry in many parts of the
tropical and temperate regions in the world . Water saving technologies that enhance plant
establishment and growth in soils of different properties are required. Soils generally differ in
moisture content, temperature, and mineralogy; which many require different soil moisture
conservation technologies. One available technology is the use of super absorbent hydrophilic
superabsorent hydrogels (SAHs). Superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) are polymers that can
retain large quantities of water and nutrients when incorporated in the soil, making it available
for plant growth whenever required.
In this work, a series of novel superabsorbent hydrogels based on acrylic acid (AAc),
acrylamide (AM) and sodium humate (SH) were prepared.The concentration of SH was varied
in the range of 0.50 wt% to 4.76 wt% based on total monomer content and the resulting
hydrogels were investigated for effect of SH on swelling and diffusion kinetic parameters such
as equilibrium swelling ratio, initial swelling rate, swelling rate constant, maximum swelling at
equilibrium and type of diffusion etc. Hydrogel having 2.43wt% SH content showed the
maximum water absorbency of 724 g/g. Swelling exponent found in the range 0.68 to 0.79 thus
suggesting Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.
Water retention in sandy soil tests and growth study of ladynger plat revealed that the
superabsorbent could act as a fertilizer as well as an effective water-saving material for
agricultural applications.
Keywords: Plant growth in soil, Superabsorbent hydrogels.
207
Synthesis and Characterization of Fullerene (C60)-Polyvinyl
Pyrrolidone Nanouids with Nanogold in an Alcoholic Medium
1 2
M. Behera and S. Ram
1
Silicon Institute of Technology, Silicon Hills, Bhubaneswar, India
2
Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-, India
E-mail: mano.silicon@gmail.com
Inclusion of nanogold (NG) into fullerenes-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) PVP nanouids

(NFs) to develop nanocomposites of unique electrochemical, photochemical, optical, and
rheological properties have been of incredible research interest for the development of next-
generation nanoscale materials for electronic nanodevices/circuits. Insertion of NG into C60-
2
PVP NFs results in surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) enhanced * C60(sp ) electron transition
over 270−420 nm of absorption spectrum in n-butanol. A donor-acceptor electron transfer PVP
Au (gold) causes a decrease in the light emission in PVP moieties in a Au:C60-PVP charge
transfer complex. A noticeable red shift of the C=O stretching band of PVP occurs when it
+ -
bonds to the surface atoms in a NG in the forms of “C=O---Au” or “C-O -Au ” in an Au:C60-
PVP complex. Rheological study performed on the Au:C60-PVP NFs in n-butanol by varying
the Au-content up to 42.0 µM reveals a non-Newtonian behavior with an enhanced yield stress.
All NFs follows Bingham ow characteristics. Zeta potential value of NFs evaluates the
magnitude of electrostatic repulsion between nanoparticles (NPs). High resolution
transmission electron micrograph shows formation of Au-C60 metal-non metal NPs of various
shapes and sizes.
Keywords: Nanogold, PVP nanouids, Electronic nanodevices.
208
Supersonic Solution Blowing: A Novel Method in Nonwoven
to Produce 50 nm Fibers en masse
Sumit Sinha-Ray1, Suman Sinha-Ray2, Alexander Yarin2 and Behnam Pourdeyhimi3

1
School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
2
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois 60607-7022, USA
3
The Nonwovens Institute, North Carolina State University, Box 8301, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA
E-mail: sumitsinha@iitmandi.ac.in
Polymer nanobers have immense potential in several elds like textiles, wound
dressing, tissue engineering , drug delivery, and ltration especially because of their high
surface area, high porosity and small pore sizes. Over the years, electrospinning has gained
immense popularity for production of nanobers in micron to sub-micron size range. However,
electrospinning cannot produce nanobers in the ~50 nm range on demand. Such small scale
nanobers hold great promise in different applications like bio-seperation, energy storage,
batteries, capacitors, electronic media etc. A recent experimental and theoretical study by the
authors shows such ultrane nanobers' immense potential as a ltration membrane to catch
most penetrating particles of 100-300 nm size.
In this work a novel methodology in nonwoven practices is introduced to produce
ultrane 50 nm nanobers in mass scale. The method is called Supersonic solution blowing, a
combination of electrospinning and supersonic gas blowing, where polymer jets undergo a
vigorous stretching at the rate of the order of 1010 s-1 in this process, conning polymer
macromolecules to a constricting 1D morphology. The capability of this method was
demonstrated using Nylon 6 where nanobers of mean diameter 53.3 nm for 15 wt% solution
and 42.8 nm for 12.5 wt% solution have been produced. A new crystalline phase of Nylon 6 has
been also discovered in, namely the χ-phase, which is at least an order of magnitude stiffer than
normal the α and γ-phases of Nylon 6 known in the bulk. Such phase was discovered with d-
spacing of 0.156 nm, much smaller than the α and γ-phases. Not only Nylon 6, polymers like
PVA and PEO, which has greater signicance in biological and sensor applications were also
used to fabricate ultrane nanobers, where mean diameter of 47.8 nm for former and 44.7 nm
for latter was measured. Such nanobers hold the key for enhanced wound dressing and drug
delivery applications for their highly porous and aligned structure. Piezoelectric polymer like
PVDF was fabricated into ultrane nanober of 50.3 nm, opening a Pandora's box for several
applications involving energy harvesting, ltration, adsorption etc.
Keywords: Polymer nanobers, Supersonic solution blowing, Nylon-6.

209
Design of New Type of Polyampholytes and
their Thermoresponsive Behavior in Alcohol/Water Solvent Mixture
Samarendra Maji,1,2 Valentin Victor Jerca1 and Richard Hoogenboom1

1
Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry,
Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
2
Department of Chemistry, SRM University,Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: samarendramaji.r@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in
Stimuli responsive polymers especially thermoresponsive polymers that undergo a

temperature driven reversible phase transition [LCST: polymer becomes insoluble upon
heating or UCST: becomes soluble upon heating] in aqueous solution have been widely studied
and accepted for variety of applications as smart materials. Polymers exhibiting UCST
behavior have been less studied in comparison to polymers exhibiting LCST behavior, as it is
more challenging to achieve such behavior, requiring strong interpolymer attraction in
combination with high hydrophilicity. These polymers would be more desirable for certain
biological applications, for example auto-regulated drug release upon increasing body-
temperature. Amongst the different types of polyampholytes with both cationic and anionic
repeat units, polyzwitterions with cationic and anionic groups bound to the same monomer unit
are mostly studied, driven by the interest in their UCST behavior in water.The development of
polyampholytes based on cationic and anionic monomers with UCST behavior is challenging
as both monomers need to be incorporated in stoichiometric amounts.
In this contribution, we report our recent effort on design and synthesis of a new type of charge
neutral thermoresponsive polyampholytes via RAFT polymerization where styrene and
maleimide units containing cationic and anionic charge alternatively distributed along the side-
chains. This project will cover all aspects ranging from synthesis of monomers and polymers to
structural characterization of the monomers and polymers and nally thermoresponsive
behavior studies in water and water-alcohol solvent mixtures. In future, we will also look the
potentiality of this material for biomedical application.
Keywords: Thermoresponsive polymers, Biomedical application.
210
Electrostatic Dissipating Conductive Nanocomposites
for Space applications: Preparation and Properties
1 2 1 2 2
G. Krishna Priya , A. Aashish ,M. Sankaran , SreelekshmiV and J. D. Sudha
1
ISRO Satellite Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Bengaluru, India.
2
Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division,
CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India.
E mail:priyaganesan.j@gmail.com
Elastomeric conductive nanocomposites endowed with high elastomeric property,

light weight, and exibility are regarded to be potential candidates forelectrostatic dissipating
(ESD)and electromagnetic shielding material.ESD is the transfer of electrostatic charge
between two or more surfaces or bodies at different electrostatic potential. Even low levels of
ESD can have a huge impact on sensitive electrical devices that are used in satellites.The
satellite parts are known to be prone to electrostatic discharges due to the radiative environment
and the secondary emissive properties of material used in making satellite parts. Such parts
need to be protected using light weight thermally conductive material/ coatings that helps
mitigate discharges. Much of the research has focused on the metal nano-llers and carbon
nanotubes as electrically conductive additives to mitigate the electrostatic charge build-
up.Elastomers lled metals such as silver, nickel or copper can often lead to undesirable mobile
ion contamination of sensitive devices. Polymer nanocomposite may suffer from
environmentally induced degradation because of radiation, atomic oxygen, thermal cycling,
micro-meteoroid impacts and also as charge accumulates, eventually creating a discharge in
the form of heat. In this context, intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP) blended with
elastomers became the focus of attention for the fabrication of industrial devices endowed with
high environmental stability and electrical conductivity and thermomechanical and resilience
properties.ICP provide bands of delocalized π -molecular orbitalswith metallicbehaviours and
can be preparedin the form of lms on a large scale. Earlier our group reported the development
of thermoplastic conductive polymer-clay nanocomposite based EMI shielding materials. In
this presentation,we may address on the preparation and effect of composition and morphology
on the thermo-mechanical, conductive and ESD properties of antistatic conductive elastomeric
nanocomposites and exploration for its space applications.
Keywords: ESD, EMI shielding, Conductive elastomeric nanocomposites, ICP.
211
Effect of HCl Concentration and Acetone Washing on the Dielectric
and Conduction Properties of Polyaniline Salts
1 1 1 2
J. Mohanty , P. Behera , S. R. Mishra and S.Anwar
1
Department of Chemistry, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2
Colloids & Materials Chemistry, Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
E mail: jayashreemohanty7@gmail.com
Conducting polymer like Polyaniline (PANI) possesses many outstanding properties

like environmental stability, redox reversibility, high electrical conductivity and easy synthesis
and nds promisable applications in various technological applications like solar cells,
electromagnetic shielding, rechargeable battery electrodes, light emitting diode, transparent
electrodes and sensors, anticorrosive coatings and supercapacitors. When the polymer is
produced in acid media or doped with acid a bipolaron structure is produced which ultimately
break up into two polarons as shown in the following gure. The presence of these charge
carriers in presence of acid and the polyconjugation provide a transportation path to make the
polymer electrically conducting.
Besides, defects in the regular structure of PANI, due to formation of short chain oligomers
during polymerisation affects the conductivity.
The PANI salt samples are prepared by oxidising aniline hydrochloride with the oxidant
ammonium persulphate at room temperature in three different media like water, 1M HCl and
2M HCl respectively. All the synthesized PANI samples are further washed with acetone to
study its effect on their electrical behaviour.
It is observed that the dielectric constant as well as the dielectric loss decreases with frequency
in all compositions. The frequency dependent AC conductivity at room temperature obeys the
power law and the DC conductivity was obtained from the tting parameter. It is found that
non-acetone washed PANI salt prepared in water shows highest dielectric and conductivity
among all the samples. For non-acetone washed samples the dielectric and conductivity
decreases with increase in HCl concentration whereas in acetone washed samples the same
increases with increase in HCl concentration.
Keywords: Conducting polymer, Dielectric, Conductivity, HCl concentration.
212
POSTER
Fabrication of Biosurfactant Mediated Polypyrrole
for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
Arpita Adhikari1, Sriparna De1, Mukut Chakraborty2 and Dipankar Chattopadhyay1

1
Dept. of Polymer Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. road, Kolkata, India
2
Dept. of Chemistry, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata, India
Email: dipankar.chattopadhyay@gmail.com
Recognition and sensing of biomolecules play crucial roles in clinical diagnostics, as

well as for environmental, agricultural, and industrial monitoring, as well as food safety.
Biosensors are designed to produce a response toward the target analyte for the detection of
bio-species and the identication of genetic abnormalities, enzymes, DNA, viruses and
biological markers of diseases.
Electrically conductive polymers are highly sensitive to environmental changes and
other triggers so have been widely utilized for sensing applications. Dopamine (DA) is an
important neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous systems. It is available as an
intravenous medication, which acts on the sympathetic nervous system, to produce effects
such as increasing heart rates and blood pressure. Simple, sensitive, selective, and reliable
electrochemical methods already widely used in the eld of analytical chemistry have been
adapted for dopamine determination and the development of electrochemical methods for both
quantitative and qualitative monitoring. However, the coexistence of excess ascorbic acid
(AA), which has an oxidation potential close to that of DA in human body uids, masks the
voltammetric response of DA. In order to overcome this problem, electrode surface
modication strategies have been developed which cover the surface with various negatively
charged materials. Thus isolation of the electrochemical responses of AA and DA has been
attained through modication of the electrode with conducting polymer. In recent years,
conducting polymers have been attracted much importance as advanced materials for bio-
sensors, gas-sensors, chemical sensors etc due to their room temperature operation, low
fabrication cost, ease of deposition on a variety of substrates. Nanostructured conducting
polymers with high surface area, small dimensions and unique physical properties have been
used to fabricate various sensor devices.
214
POSTER PRESENTATION APM-2018
In our present work, we have synthesized conducting polypyrrole having rodlike morphology
by using bio-surfactant, ferric chloride and hydrochloric acid which would be effective
material for sensor applications. The concentration of the surfactant was kept above its CMC
value. Here the bio-surfactant causes the micelle formation which directs the shape and size of
the growing polypyrrole. The ratio of the monomer to oxidant was kept at 1:1. The
polymerization was carried out at 0o-5oC for approximately 5 hrs. The as synthesized
polypyrrole was characterized using FTIR, UV, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA etc. Electrochemical
characterization as well as dopamine sensing activity has also been done.
Keywords: Biomolecules, Biological markers, Dopamine, conducting polymers, CMC.
215
Evaluation of Mechanical and Wear Properties of
Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composites
1 1 2
Dipak Kumar Jesthi , Santi Swarup Mohanty , Arun Kumar Rout
and Ramesh Kumar Nayak1
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
2
Department of Production Engineering, VSSUT, Burla, India
E-mail:rameshkumarnayak@gmail.com
Carbon ber reinforced polymer composites have better tensile and exural strength as
compared to glass ber reinforced polymer composites. However, the impact strength is just
opposite to each other. The cost of carbon ber is around 3-4 times than that of glass ber.
Therefore, there is a need to achieve optimum mechanical properties at lower cost through
hybridization. This paper investigates the effect of the ber position in the hybrid composites
on mechanical and wear properties of the composites. The hybrid composites are consist of
total 10 layers of bers and out of those six layers of glass and four layers of carbon ber have
been considered. Keeping in mind the symmetry of the ber sequence, there are two types of
laminates has been considered in this investigation, i.e. (C2G3)s and (G3C2) s. The mechanical
properties like hardness, tensile, exural and impact strength of the hybrid and pure ber
reinforced composites were evaluated and compared. The results revealed that fracture
toughness and exural strength of [C2G3]S has been improved by 52.4% and 22.9% respectively
as compared to [G3C2]s composites. Further, the dry abrasion test has been carried out to know
the wear properties of the hybrid composites. Response surface methodology of design of
experiments has been adopted to optimize the wear properties and develop a mathematical
model to predict the wear properties of the hybrid composites. Furthermore, the model
predicted wear properties was validated with experimental one and found a good agreement
between them. The wear mechanism has been correlated through scanning electron
microscope images of the worn surface of the composites.
Keywords: Carbon ber, Hybrid composites, Glass ber, Mathematical model.
216
Buckling Response of a Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube
Reinforced Thin Composite (FG-CNTRC) Cylindrical Curved Plate
Under In-Plane Loading
F. A. Shaikh and Akash Mohanty

School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Buckling analysis of axially-compressed functionally graded carbon nanotube-

reinforced thin composite (FG-CNTRC) curved plate is presented. The material properties of
nanocomposites thin cylindrical curved plate are assumed to be graded along the thickness
direction. Effective properties of materials of the panels reinforced by single-walled carbon
nanotubes (SWCNTs) are assumed from the past literatures. Regressive numerical simulations
were carried out to investigate the inuence of curvature, panel aspect ratio, the distribution
prole of reinforcements and CNTs distribution into the matrix on the buckling critical load
under compressive. Results demonstrate that the change of ber orientation, CNTs
distribution, panel aspect ratio and loading condition have noticeable effects on the buckling
strength and buckling modes of FG-CNTRC curved panels.
Keywords: FG-CNTRC thin cylindrical curve plate, Critical buckling loads, Buckling modes,
Stiffness, Aspect ratios.
217
Compressive Behaviour of Grapheme Nano Platelets/ Nano Alumina
Filled Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites
Kesavulu. A and Akash Mohanty

School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail:mohanty@vit.ac.in
This paper discusses the compressive strength and compressive modulus of graphene
nano platelets and nano alumina lled epoxy hybrid nano composites.The composites were
investigated for 1% weight percentage of nano ller material (graphene and nano alumina).
The samples prepared by weight ratio of (graphene: nano alumina) are 0:1, 0.2:0.8, 0.4:0.6,
0.6:0.4, 0.8:0.2 and 1:0. The morphology of the graphene, alumina and hybrid composites was
analysed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope
(TEM). The results are found that, when the ller contributes increases and also increases the
compressive strength and compressive modulus up to certain weight percentages.
Keywords: Compressive strength, Compressive modulus, Graphene nanopletlets, Nano

alumina, SEM and TEM.
218
Triptycene Based Porous Polymers: Small Gas Storage
and Selective CO2 Capture
Ranajit Bera and Neeladri Das

Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
E-mail:bera.jit@gmail.com
In contemporary research, there is a considerable interest in the design of new porous materials
that can be used for CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS).1 These materials may be more efcient than
the existing technologies (applications such as use of alkanolamine solvents). Efcient CCS
technologies are being developed to counter problems of global warming. This is because of increased
concentration of CO2 which is a major green house gas. Another important use of porous materials is
storage of molecular hydrogen which has been projected as a clean alternative to fossil fuels. Research
related to development of new materials with excellent adsorption of H2 is of signicant importance
from the view point of safe and efcient storage of H2 for its further use as fuel.
Triptycene is a robust and structurally rigid motif that has been incorporated in polymeric networks.In
this context, recently we reported synthesis of a series of new triptycene based polymers.Complete
structural characterization of these triptycene based polyamides and hyper-cross-linked polymers will
be discussed. The performance of these polymers as materials for small gas storage (CO2/H2) as well as
selective CO2 uptake will be explained. Selectively capture of CO2 over N2 and CH4 is important from a
practical view point because an appreciable proportion of CO2 is present in ue gas and natural gas as an
undesirable contaminant. Therefore materials that selectively capture CO2 over N2 and CH4 are
important from environmental aspect as well as improving the quality of natural gas as a fuel. Polymers
reported herein may be potentially useful for these applications.
Keywords: CCS, Porous materials, Triptycene, Hyper-cross-linked polymers.
219
Triptycene Based Polymers: Fluorescence Enhancement
and Host Guest Interaction with Fullerene
Mosim Ansari and Neeladri Das

Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
E-mail:mosim.pch16@iitp.ac.in
In the recent years, triptycene based polymers have gained increasing research
importance because polymers with triptycene motif in the polymer backbone show excellent
properties such as high organosolubility, porosity, high surface area, enhanced uorescent
property, higher glass transition temperatures and enhanced thermal stability. Consequently,
triptycene based polymers nd wide applications in the development optical chemosensors for
metal detection, as ultrasensitive sensory materials uorescence quenching based host-guest
interaction for explosive detection, nanoporous and microporous triptycene based polymers
for selective CO2 adsorption and storage, optoelectronic devices and host-guest chemistry.1,2,3
Herein, we present synthesis and characterization of two new triptycene based polymers with
pendent long chain alkoxy groups using Pd catalyzed Sonogashira polycondensation reaction.
Our objective is to investigate the effect of the alkoxy chains on the uorescence property as
well as host-guest interactions with fullerene C70. Interestingly, a uorescent enhancement
emission was observed with increasing the length of the pendent alkoxy chain length from C6 to
C12. In the host-guest interactions of these polymers with fullerene C70, a uorescence
5
quenching emission was observed with a binding constant in the order of 10 . This shows
efcient host-guest binding interaction between these new triptycene based polymers and C70.
It was also observed that a polymer with smaller length alkoxy pendent chain binds more
strongly with higher binding constant to fullerene C70. The longer alkoxy chain containing
triptycene based polymer has improved photostability and enhanced uorescence emission.
The reasons of these differences in uorescence properties and binding constant will be
discussed elaborately.
Keywords: Triptycene, Hyper-cross-linked polymers, Fullerene, Fluorescence.
220
Static and Dynamic Mechanical properties of Eco-Friendly
Human Hair Derived Carbon Filled Carbon
Textile Reinforced Polymer Composites
Ravindra Kumar1, Suyash Varshney1 and Kamal K. Kar1,2

1
Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Materials Science Programme,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, India
2
Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, India
Email:kamalkk@iitk.ac.in
Carbon textile reinforced polymer composites (CPCs) are extensively used in

aerospace, defense and automotive sectors owing to their unique combination of mechanical,
thermal and tribological characteristics that are comparable to metals and other conventional
composites .High fabrication cost and very long processing time are some of the key issues that
restrict the use of CPCs in defense, aerospace other high performance applications. The use of
low cost carbon llers derived from natural resources such as agriculture wastes, animal and
human wastes, not only reduce the cost of CPCs but also helpful to save the non-renewable
fossils reserves. The waste human-hair, available abundantly and free of cost, can give high
carbon yield after carbonization in the inert atmospheres. The human hair derived carbon
(HHC), after chemical activation, transforms into very porous structure and also has high
surface area. Therefore, it seems to be useful as an eco-friendly ller material to reduce
shrinkage, increase density, mechanical, electrical as well as thermal properties of the CPCs but
the actual effects are still remain the subject of research. Hence, in order to address these issues,
in the present study, CPCs are fabricated through impregnation of slurry made of phenolic resin
and HHC as a ller (0 to 50 wt. %) on the surface of PAN based plain weave carbon textile by
conventional hand-layup technique, then hot pressing for curing. The effect of HHC loading on
CPCs is carried out through static and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, density, XRD and
morphology studies. Tensile strength and modulus have improved signicantly (~15and93%,
respectively) and exural strength and modulus also exhibit substantial
increment(~50and85%, respectively)with the loading of HHC up to 30 wt. % in the
composites. The viscoelastic properties of CPCs reveals that storage modulus (E′) and loss
modulus (E″) increases up to 132% and 104 %, respectively while the loss factor decreases
with addition of HHC up to 40 wt%. In addition to high thermo-mechanical properties, CPCs
also exhibit high thermal stability, which make it one of the most suitable material for high
performance structural applications.
Keywords: Carbon textile, Eco-friendly ller, Dynamic mechanical properties, Human hair
derived carbon, Polymer composites, Viscoelastic behaviour.
221
Ion Conducting Glass Polymer Electrolytes: Preparation
and Ion Conduction
1 2 1
Alok Bhatt , Angesh Chandra and Archana Chandra
1
Bharti College of Engineering & Technology, Durg, C.G., India
2
Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Professional Management & Technology, Raipur, C.G., India
Email: abssi@rediffmail.com
Synthesis and ion conduction phenomenon of a new Ag+ ion conducting glass polymer
electrolytes (GPEs) has been reported. GPE lms have been prepared by using a recently
developed hot-press technique in place of the traditional solution cast/ sol-gel methods. The ion
conduction phenomenon of a newly synthesized GPEs have been discussed on the basis of some
important theoretical models as well as the experimental values of ionic conductivity (?), ionic
mobility (?), mobile ion concentration (n), ionic transference number (tion) etc.
Keywords: Conducting glass polymer electrolytes, Conduction, Theoretical models
222
Nano Silica Modied Carbon–Phenolic Composites
for Enhanced Ablation Resistance
Krishna kant Maurya, Krishna kant dubey, Suresh Kumar and N. Eswara Prasad
Directorate of Ceramics and CMCs, DMSRDE, Kanpur, India
CIPET Lucknow B-27 Amausi industrial area nadarganj ,lko,India
Email:skumar@dmsrde.drdo.in
High ablation resistant carbon–phenolic (C–Ph) composites were fabricated by the

addition of nano silica powder and tested under plasma arc jet at a ux of 2.5 MW m_2. Nano
silica C–Ph composites exhibited much higher ablation resistance compared to conventional
C–Ph composites under similar conditions. Microstructure and X-ray diffraction studies reveal
that nano silica reacts with char at high-temperature, forming ablation resistant silicon carbide
phase. The mechanism of in situ siliconization and the thermophysical properties of the C–Ph
composites are discussed
Keywords: Carbon–phenolic composites, Nano silica, Siliconization, Mechanism.
223
Glucose and Maltose Based Glycopolymers: Synthesis,
Characterization and Biocompatibility
Palodkar Krushna Kaduba, N. Naga Malleswara Rao and A. V. Sesha Sainath

Polymers and Functional Materials Division and Academy of Scientic &
Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
E-mail: kpalodkar@gmail.com
Glycoconjugates or glycopolymers, characteristic synthetic macromolecules with

pendant carbohydrate moieties, has found applications as materials for cell/tissue engineering
due to their hydrophilic nature as well as better biocompatibility. Moreover, glycans have
ability to regulate cellular functions due to their exibility for spatial distribution in
organization of glyco moieties and functional multivalent nature of glycoconjugates.
We have synthesized various methacrylated monomers from glucose and maltose and their
macromolecular architectures via atom transfer radical polymerization process. The resulted
glycopolymer architectures were characterized by using spectroscopic techniques, gel
permeation chromatography, and thermal analysis methods. The polymer architectures pendant
tetra/octa-O-acetyl-mono/di-D-glucopyranoside units were deacetylated in the presence of
sodiummethoxide/chloroform/methanol mixture to obtain water soluble polymers which were
insoluble with having acetylated moieties. The structures of the copolymers before and after
deacetylation are given in Figure 1(a). In order to assess the biocompatibility of these developed
polymers, the adhesion (%), viability (%), and proliferation assays were carried out in MC3T3
cells in-vitro [Figure 1(b)] at different concentrations of the polymers. Details of the synthesis
and characteristics of the polymers will be presented in our poster presentation.
224
Figure 1. (a) Chemical structures of the glycopolymer architectures and (b) uorescent
microscopy images of actin stained osteoblast cells for assessing the expression of cytoskeleton
protein in the presence of glycopolymers.
Keywords: Glycoconjugates, Biocompatibility, Osteoblast cells, Glycans.
225
Inorganic Nano-Phosphor Based Luminescent Polymer
Composites for Multimodal Applications
Pramod Halappa and C Shivakumara

Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
E-mail:pramochem@gmail.com
Polymers are much attention gaining materials in the society due their diverse property
based applications in our day to day of life. The introduction of inorganic nanoparticles into a
polymer matrix has leads to some exciting propertiesbased on the properties of guest inorganic
moiety. The choice of the polymer and the inorganic material with desirable properties is more
crucial for specic applications. Out of the broad variety of available polymers, PMMA has
been one of the best choices due to its excellent mechanical, optical and biocompatible
properties made its applicability in many areas such as aircraft glazing, signs, lighting,
architecture, transportation, medicine dispensers, and food handling equipment, throat lamps
and lenses.
3+
Present work emphasis,synthesis of red light emitting Eu activated BiOClnano-phosphors and
3+
BiOCl:Eu /PMMA nano-composites were prepared by in situ polymerization method. The
structure,morphology, luminescence and energy transfer properties of these nanoparticles and
nano-composites were investigated in detail by using powder X-Ray diffraction, IR
Spectroscopy, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, TGA and photoluminescence technique. The obtained
composite materials are highly luminescent and show strong red photoluminescence conrmed
that these phosphors can be useful in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices.
3+
Keywords: PMMA, BiOCl nano-phosphors, BiOCl:Eu /PMMA nano-composites, Red
photoluminescence.
226
Mechanism Responsible for Transient Current in
Polysulfone – Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PSF: PVDF) Blends
1, 2 1, 2 1 1, 2
Swarnim Patel , Sandhya Shrivas , R. K. Dubey and J. M. Keller
1
Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Physics, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya,
Jabalpur, M. P., India.
2
Macromolecular Research Center, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, M. P., India.
Email: swarnimpatel17@gmail.com
The time dependence of charging and discharging transient in polymer blend samples of PSF:
PVDF has been investigated over a period of time 3 X 10 sec at various poling temperatures (i.e. 60, 75,
3
90 and 115 C) and with eld strength (100, 150, 200 and 250kVcm ). The activation energy of the
0 -1
process responsible for the current was calculated. The transients were found to obey the Curie-Von
Schweidler law. Isochronal characteristics have also been studied for different xed time and Hamon
approximation has been used for the temperature dependence of dielectric loss factor ''.
Keywords: Transient Current, Activation energy, Isochronal characteristics, dielectric loss factor.
227
Grafting of Acrylonitrile onto Sodium Alginate:
Synthesis and Characterisation
J. H. Trivedi
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
E-mail: drjignesh2575@yahoo.co.in
In the present work ceric-initiated grafting of acrylonitrile onto sodium alginate (SA)
has been carried out using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a redox-initiator. The optimal
reaction conditions have been evaluated successively by varying various reaction parameters
including concentrations of nitric acid, initiator, monomer as well as reaction time, temperature
and amount of substrate. The inuence of various reaction parameters on the grafting yields has
been studied. The reaction mechanism for the ceric-initiated grafting has also been suggested
and the experimental results have been analyzed in terms of the reaction mechanism and are
found to be in good agreement. FTIR and SEM techniques have been used for the
characterization of the products.
Keywords: Ceric Ammonium Nitrate, mechanism, FTIR, SEM.
228
Mixed-State Ferromagnetism in Cubic Ni/ZrO2 Nanocomposites
By Microwave Combustion Synthesis
Tapas Ranjan Sahoo and Sirish Ranjan Panda

Chemistry Department, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar.
E-mail:tapasji@gmail.com
This article shows the magnetic phase diagram for Zr1-xNixO2 compositions synthesized
by microwave combustion method. The samples show room temperature ferromagnetism over
2+
the entire range of Ni-doping. Ni /ZrO2 (<4 at% Ni) indicates a safe substitution limit to show
dilute magnetic phase. There is a threshold limit to this Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor (DMS)
phase up to ~ 4%, above which this system serves as a model system for cluster induced
magnetism. Microwave combustion method is a convenient and an inexpensive approach to
evaluate magnetism in these high temperature phases, which is otherwise possible only by
Physical vapor deposition techniques.
Keywords: Ferromagnetism, Nanocomposites, Microwave Combustion
229
Estimation of Luminescence Depended Optical Constants
of MEH-PPV/ZnO hybrid Nanocomposite
Sangeetha A, Jayaseeli S, Bhuvana K P , Abdul Kader M and Nayak S K

Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation,
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Chennai
E-mail:sangeethaaashokkumar@gmail
The present work endeavors towards the scientic study on inuence of ZnO
nanoparticles on the optical constant of Poly [2 Methoxy (5, 2ƯEthylhexyloxy)-P-
Phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV), a light emitting polymer. Hybrid nanocomposites of MEH-
PPV were prepared by dispersing ZnO nanorods at loading concentrations of 1 wt % and 3 wt %.
The structural characteristics of the hybrid composites were investigated using FTIR
spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optical luminescence depended optical constants were
estimated using absorption and emission spectra of nanocomposites.The incorporation of ZnO
nanorods facilitates the multimode emission. The Optical constants such as refractive index (n),
extinction coefcient (k), dielectric constant ( ), and optical conductivity (σ) were evaluated.
The suitability of the composites for enhanced light emission was studied through estimated
optical constants. The results reveals that the incorporation of optically active ZnO nanorods
increases the electron transport thereby increases the luminescence quantum yield (LQY). The
non linearity in the optical constants reveals the second order oscillatory emission, which also
reects in the absorption and emission wavelength.
Keywords: Hybrid nanocomposite, Optical Luminescence, Optical constant, Luminescence

Quantum yield.
230
Development and Characterization of Bioglass Reinforced
Polymer Scaffold
Rohithkumar R, Sangeetha A, Bhuvana K P , Abdul Kader M and Nayak S K

Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Chennai
E-mail:krohith05@gmail.com
Bioactive glasses are widely used in biomedical applications due to their ability to bond
to bone and even to soft tissues. In this study, an electrospun polymer composite scaffold was
developed using bioactive glass (45S5) reinforced Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Sol-gel derived
45S5 bio active glass were subjected to XRD, FTIR and SEM coupled with EDAX for
structural, elemental and microstructure analysis. A precursor solution containing 10wt%
polyvinyl alcohol was used to produce brous scaffolds. Electrospun was done at a voltage of
14-18 kV by maintaining tip to a collector distance of 15 cm. Scaffolds were prepared with
Bioactive glass loaded with different weight%. The inuence of bioactive glass content on the
electrospun polymer scaffold was studied.
Keywords: Bioactive glass; Electrospinning; Fibers; Bone Tissue engineering.
231
Effect of Particle Geometry on the High Strain Rate
Behavior of Shear Thickening Colloidal Systems
Neelanchali Asija Bhalla , Hemant Chouhan, Aisha Ahmed and Naresh Bhatnagar
Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
Email:neelanchali@gmail.com
Shear thickening uids (STFs) are a special class of eld responsive non-Newtonian
uids which exhibit transition from low viscosity to high viscosity state when these are
subjected to shearing deformation, particularly when the shear rate exceeds a critical value
termed as the critical shear rate (CSR). Due to this unique characteristic of STFs, these are
extensively being used in various commercial applications such as in machine mounts,
vibration dampeners, hip protection pads and limited slip differentials. In the last two decades,
the focus of the research community has shifted to the use of STFs in ballistics, particularly in
the development of special class of STF-intercalated armors called Liquid Body Armors
(LBAs). These new age armours are lighter in weight and more exible as compared to
conventional heavy armours, which seriously affect the mobility of the soldier, especially in
combat situations.
Most of the studies in the available literature have focused upon understanding the
effect of various parameters such as particle geometry, solvent viscosity and types of
stabilization technique used etc. on the rheological behavior of STFs. These studies can be
accomplished on commercial rheometers, however, for ballistic application of STFs it is crucial
to understand their behavior under dynamic loading conditions in the high strain rate domain
3 -1
(above 10 s ).
232
In this study, the high strain rate experiments were carried out on in-house designed and
developed Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experimental set up. To study the effect of
particle geometry, two different particle types were used for the synthesis of STF – spherical
silica particles (of sizes 300 nm and 500 nm) and fumed silica particles of different specic
surface areas (Aerosil A-130 and A-150), respectively. The colloidal dispersions in PPG-400
(PolyPropylene Glycol 400) were synthesized using ultrasonic homogenization technique.
From the experiments it was observed that fumed silica dispersions exhibited higher specimen
strain rates whereas spherical silica dispersions exhibited higher specimen stress. Also, the
loading pattern for both the colloidal dispersions was found to be completely different. Fumed
silica dispersions tend to load gradually to peak specimen stress under dynamic impact, whereas
spherical silica dispersions tend to load immediately to peak stress. These observations play a
critical role in ascertaining the type of particles to be used for synthesizing shear thickening
dispersions which are meant for ballistic applications.
Fig. 1: Stress vs Strain plots for fumed silica and spherical silica colloidal dispersions under
dynamic impact loading on SHPB
Keywords: STF, Liquid Body Armors, Spherical silica particles, Fumed silica particles.
233
Fabrication of Thermally Stable, Durable and Flexible Super
hydrophobic Polyurethane Coatings Based on Castor Oil
and Crude Glycerol Polyol
Alakarani Mohanty, Sonalee Das, Smita Mohanty and S K Nayak

Laboratory for advanced research in polymeric materials, CIPET, Bhubaneswar
Email ID: alkarani.mohanty@gmail.com
In the present work castor oil and polyglycerol obtained from crude glycerol have been used as
biopolyols for preparation of rigid polyurethane. Polyglycerol has been obtained via the
polymerization of crude glycerol through transesterication process carried out at 180ºC for 6
hours. Thereafter, the resulting polyglycerol was reacted with castor oil to prepare the bio-based
polyol. Rigid bio-based polyurethane (RPU)was prepared by the condensation reaction of bio-
polyols (i.e. castor oil + polyglycerol) with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) at 60 ºC for 1
hours. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has been used to determine the
hydroxyl content of the bio-polyol. FTIR results reveal successful formation of polyglycerol
-1
and bio-polyol through appearance of broad hydroxyl peak at 3400 cm . Further, the FTIR
graph also indicates the successful formation of RPU through the appearance of urethane peak
-1
(-NHCOO) within the range of 1700-1615 cm . In addition, the synthesized bio based
polyurethane exhibits high mechanical properties, good super-hydrophobicity, and surface
properties. Thus, it can be inferred that crude glycerol- a waste of biodiesel production can be
effectively used for the synthesis of bio-based polyurethane.
Keywords: Crude glycerol, Castor oil, Bio based polyurethane.
234
Flexi Electrochemical Transducers for Sensing Neurotransmitters
A. Aashish, Neethu K. S, G. Krishna Priya, U. S. Hareesh and J. D. Sudha

Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division,
CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India
E-mail: sudhajd2001@yahoo.co.in
Detection and sensing of neurotransmitters in human body are receiving tremendous

importance in the present scenario since its disorder is responsible for the cause of Parkinson's,
Epilepsyand Alzheimer's diseases. Design and development of miniaturised microelectronic
medical and clinical devices can make a paradigm shift in the diagnosis and treatment of such
diseases. In this respect electrochemical sensors can offer high performance features in terms of
sensitivity, selectivity, and low response time. In order to enhance electrode sensitivity,
electrode surface is to be modied with redox active materials such as nano materials, carbon
nanotubes and conducting polymers. Our group has been actively involved in developing
conducting polymer and its composite modied GCE based transducers for the determination
of neurotransmitters, vitamins etc. Electrochemical polymerisation deposition technique is
novel technique since it can provide electrostaticimprovement, electrochemical stability.
Conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and polyethylene dioxythiophene differ
from other materials due to their sensitivity towards chain conformation alterations arising from
t h e i r u n i q u e
235
Dynamic Mechanical Behavior and Mechanical Properties of
Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)-Filled
Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites
Raghu N, Anand Raj, Pankaj Aggarwal and Shakti Chauhan

Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru, India.
E-mail:raghu.c6h6@gmail.com
Biodegradable composite materials consisting of polylactic acid (PLA) and

microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were prepared using twin screw extrusion. The composites
were prepared with different MCC contents (5, 10, 15 and 20%) and injection moulded into
standard size test specimens. The prepared composites were analyzed for tensile, exural,
impact strength and dynamic mechanical studies (DMA). The tensile modulus of MCC-lled
PLA composites systemically increased with increasing MCC loading (reaching values from
2.8 GPa to 3.1GPa with the addition of 20 wt% MCC). The exural modulus also increased with
increasing MCC loading (reaching values from 3.5 to 4.2GPa with the addition of 20 wt%
MCC). The tensile and exural strength did not exhibit any signicant change with MCC
incorporation in the matrix. The Izod impact strength of the composites decreased as the MCC
loading increased and this observation was in good agreement with commonly observed lled
polymer systems. With increasing MCC content, storage modulus improved because of the
higher modulus of the MCC. The tanδ peak positions from DMA were not signicantly changed
as the MCC content increased. The damping in composites decreased with increasing content of
MCC around the glass transition temperature of PLA suggesting that the MCC restrained the
molecular movement in PLA.
Keywords: Biodegradable, Polylactic acid (PLA), Impact strength, Storage modulus.
236
Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Filled
Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites
G. Sahoo, N. K. Hota, J. Tripathy and B. P. Sahoo

Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University,
Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar
E-mail:bibhuprasadfch@kiit.ac.in
Nanocomposites based on carbon nanollers such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced
graphene (RGO) and polymer matrices have attracted considerable attention in research and
industrial developments due to their versatile applications. GO and RGO have excellent
combination of mechanical, dielectric and thermal properties that make GO and RGO potential
candidates to substitute the conventional nanollers in the fabrication of multi-functional
polymer nanocomposites. In this present work electrically conductive nanocomposites based on
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and GO/RGO have been successfully prepared by solvent casting
technique. Prior to the incorporation of the GO/RGO into the PVA matrix, it was dispersed in
presence of 1-Allyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (AMIC) ionic liquid. The dispersed nano
llers have been incorporated to PVA followed by ultra sonication. The dispersion pattern of the
GO/RGO in the prepared nanocomposites has been analyzed by eld emission scanning
electron microscope (FESEM). The dielectric relaxation characteristics of the GO/RGO lled
6
PVA nanocomposites have been studied as a function of frequency (20–10 Hz) at different ller
loading over a wide range of temperatures (30–100 °C). The effect of GO/RGO loadings on the
dielectric permittivity (ε′), loss tangent (tan δ), impedance (Z*), and electrical conductivity (σac)
were studied. The variation of ε′ with ller loading has been explained based on the interfacial
polarization of the GO/RGO within a heterogeneous system. The effect of ller loading on the
imaginary (Z″) and real (Z′) part of Z* were distinctly visible, which may be due to the dynamic
relaxation of polymer chains at the polymer-ller interface. The frequency dependency of σac has
been investigated. The effect of temperature on tan δ, ε′, σac of GO/RGO based PVA
nanocomposites has been investigated.
Key words: Biodegradable, Polylactic acid (PLA), Impact strength, Storage modulus.
237
Development of organic-inorganic polymeric hybrid: inuence
of polyolen elastomers (POE) and Electron Beam crosslinking
on morphology and properties
Atanu Jha, K.S.S. Sarma and Subhendu Ray Chowdhury

Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Trombay, Mumbai, India.
E-mail: rcsubhen@barc.gov.in
Blending of different polymers can generate the properties of the individual

components in a single material. For industrial applications blending of immiscible polymers is
required to create materials with superior properties. Blends of rubber/elastomer are of great
importance for industrial applications because of the easily controllable variability of their
properties.
In this work, we report the development of an organic-inorganic polymeric hybrid of
Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) and silicone rubber. As a third component we have used
Engage (POE) into the system. Silicone rubber is melt mixed with EPDM in different weight
proportions (60/40, Si-EP 64 and 40/60, Si-EP 46 ) without and with presence of different
proportions Engage 8003 in brabender type batch mixer. These blends are electron beam
crosslinked at a total dose of 50 kGy, 100 kGy and 150 kGy. Effect of addition of polyolen-
elastomer (Engage) and EB crosslinking, on the mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical
properties and surface morphologies are studied. Compatibilized blends have been investigated
by various techniques such as tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Upon incorporation of Engage in Si-EP 64 and Si-EP 46,
the tensile properties are improved remarkably. The tensile modulus are higher by 11% and
42%, elongation at break is increased by 105% and 12.5% compared to Si-EP64 and Si-EP 46
respectively after incorporation of 10 wt % Engage. Similar trend of enhancement of
mechanical properties have been found for 20% Engage sets as well. Enhancement of
toughness is the consequence of compatibilization of Si rubber- EPDM by Engage. The storage
moduli of all blends are decreased with increase in temperature following similar fashion as
EPDM and Si due to the enhanced exibility at higher temperature. There is drastic reduction of
the value of loss modulus with the increase of temperature for all blends due to rubbery nature of
the polymers. Smaller dispersed domains in case of Engage incorporated blends compared to
pure blends are seen, indicating better mixing which may be due to enhanced compatibility. The
ndings of mechanical property are in agreement with these results.
Keywords: EPDM, POE, Si rubber, Compatibility.

238
Current Transients in Poly (Vinyl Formal) – Polyvinylideneuoride
(PVFO: PVDF) Blends
1, 2 1, 2 1 1, 2
Kiran Dawande , Swarnim patel , Rakesh Bajpai and J. M. Keller
1
Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Physics,
Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, M. P.
2
Macromolecular Research Center, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh,
E-mail:dawandekiran@gmail.com
Transient charging and discharging currents in PVFO:PVDF blend samples were

0 0
recorded over a temperature range from 60 C to 105 C(near Tg of PVFO) and electric eld (100,
-1
150, 200 and 250kVcm ) in blends of various composition PVFO: PVDF:: 80:20; 85:15; 90:10
and 95:05 percent by weight. The charging current versus polarizing temperature curves at
constant time i.e. isochronal characteristics were also studied for different constant times. The
observed characteristics indicate that the current transients obey curie- von- schweidner law in
the studied temperature range. Hamon approximation has been used for the temperature
dependence of dielectric loss factor ''.
Keywords: PVFO, PVDF, Blend, Isochronal characteristics.
239
Designing the Synthesis of Biodegradable Carboxymethyl
Cellulose-G-Poly(Acrylonitrile)/Montmorillonite nanocomposite with
Improved Mechanical and Fire Retardant Properties
Dharmendra K. Jena and Prafulla K. Sahoo

Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, VaniVihar, Bhubaneswar, India
E-mail:dharmendrajena88@gmail.com
A novel multicomponent biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized via graft

copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto caboxymethyl cellulose and montmorillonite by using
ammonium persulfate (APS) as a free radical initiator, in the presence of N,N'-methylene
bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking agent. Acrylonitrile had been grafted onto
carboxymethyl cellulose chains and the participation of -OH groups of MMT in polymerization
reaction was conrmed by FTIR spectra. XRD and SEM observations revealed that MMT was
exfoliated and uniformly dispersed in carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly (acrylonitrile) matrix.
The resultant nanocomposite showed remarkably improved thermal stability and mechanical
properties. In addition, the excellent re retardancy of nanocomposite results from the
formation of compact and continuous char which not only hinders the migration of volatile
decomposition products out of polymer matrix but also provides barrier for heat transfer
evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry test. The biodegradation of the
nanocomposite has been carried out for better commercialisation and environmental concern.
Keywords: Biodegradation, nanocomposite, re retadancy, mechanical properties, thermal

properties.
240
Polyimides with Phosphaphenanthrene Moiety: Synthesis,
Characterization, Gas Permeation Study and
Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Rimpa Chatterjee1 , Soumendu Bisoi1 , Susanta Banerjee1 and Venkat Padmanabhan2

1
Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University,
Cookeville, TN,USA. Email: susanta@matsc.iitkgp.ernet.in
Membrane based-gas separation has drawn great attention for a range of molecular
separations over competing technologies. For any gas separation membrane it is desirable to
have good selectivity for one gas over another, combined with high permeability. Aromatic
polyimides (PIs) can be used as promising membrane materials for different gas separation
applications because of their set of excellent physical properties. In this context, polymers with
9,10-dihydro-9-oxa10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) have drawn much attention
because of their superior thermal properties, low ammability, organo-solubility, adhesion to
metal and atomic oxygen resistance. Phosphaphenanthrene skeleton is relatively free of
conformational stress that results in a large bulky structure which inhibits the packing of
polymer chains. In the present study a phosphaphenanthrene skeleton containing diamine was
synthesized that leads to a series of new processable PIs when reacted with several
commercially available dianhydrides. The membranes were prepared directly by the thermal
imidization of the poly(amic acid)s following a programmed heating up to 250ºC. The polymers
were well characterized by different analytical techniques. The membranes were transparent
and exible and they were soluble in several organic solvents. The PIs showed high thermal
stability (Td 10 up to 416 ºC under air), high glass transition temperature (Tg up to 261 ºC) and
excellent mechanical strength (tensile strength up to 91 MPa, modulus up to 1.9 GPa and
elongation at break up to 18%) depending on their repeat unit structure. Gas transport properties
of these membranes were investigated for the four different gases (e.g., CH4, N2, O2 and CO2) at
241
35 ºC and at the applied pressure of 3.5 bar. The PI membranes showed very high gas
permeability (PCO2 up to 175 and PO2 up to 64 barrer) and high selectivity (PCO2/PCH4 up to 51 and
PO2/PN2 up to 10), for the O2/N2 gas pair the PIs surpassed the present upper boundary limit of
2008 drawn by Robeson (Fig. 1). Molecular dynamics simulations of the polymers were done
using an atomistic model that showed good agreement between the size distribution of the free
volume and gas transport properties. This study provides an insight into the diffusion behavior
of gas molecules in polymer membranes and the results were consistent with the experimentally
obtained diffusion behavior.
Fig. 1. Permeability/selectivity trade-off map for O2 /N2 separation

Keywords: Aromatic polyimides, Phosphaphenanthrene, Membrane, Gas transport.
242
Synthesis of Sulfonated Polyimides with Phosphaphenanthrene Skeleton:
Effect on Proton Exchange Membrane Application
Arun Kumar Mandal and Susanta Banerjee

Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
High-performance polymers, e.g., poly(arylene ether)s, aromatic polyimides,

polytriazoles and related polymers containing –CF3 or 6F groups showed enhanced solubility
with a combination of superior thermal, mechanical, optical and electrical properties. Enhanced
solubility, thus better processability rendering them suitable for a wide range of applications,
e.g., as low-dielectric materials in microelectronics, in optical devices, as well as membranes
for gas and solvent separation, and as proton exchange membranes. Proton exchange
membranes (PEMs) are one of the key components of fuel cells act primarily as solid
®
electrolyte. In this regard, Naon , sulfonated tetrauoroethylene based copolymers are the
most commonly used materials because of their excellent oxidative and chemical stability along
with high proton conductivity. However, these polymers have high preparation cost and their
conductivity and mechanical strength drops at temperature above 80 oC. The present study
reports a series of sulfonated co-polyimides (co-SPI), prepared by one pot polycondensation
reaction of a combination of diamines namely; 4,4´-diaminostilbene-2,2´-disulfonic acid
(DSDSA) and prepared non-sulfonated diamine (DPA) containing 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-
phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) moiety with 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic
dianhydride (NTDA) (Fig. 1). The phosphonate -(O=) P-O-C linkage in a cyclic form in DOPO
is attractive due to their superior thermal properties, reliability, low ammability, organo-
solubility. DOPO moiety in the polymer has relatively low conformational stress, which in turn
inhibits the packing of polymer chains. As a result, the membranes exhibit high fractional free
volume which in turn improve water management of the polymer. Transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the microphase separated morphology with well-
dispersed hydrophilic phase. The co-SPI membranes showed high proton conductivity with
high oxidative stability and low water uptake. The co-SPI membrane DOPO-90 (90% degree of
-1
sulfonation) with IECW= 2.95 mequiv g showed high
243
proton conductivity (223 mS cm-1 at 80 °C) in fully hydrated condition with high oxidative
stability (2.5 h).
Fig. 1. Structure of the sulfonated poly(ether imide)s with DOPO unit.

Keywords: PEM, Sulfonated co-polyimides, Polycondensation, Proton conductivity.
244
Microencapsulation and Controlled Release Performance of
Hexaconazole/Polyurethane Microcapsules
Vinayak Kamble, Manohar Sawant and Prakash Mahanwar

Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology,\
Matunga Mumbai, India
E-mail:kamblekvm@gmail.com
Microencapsulation is the promising technology to protect and to improve the life of the
pesticides. Microencapsulation of the Hexaconazole was successfully carried out by the
interfacial polymerization by using polyurethane. The different co-stabilizers were used in
encapsulation along with the polyvinyl alcohol and the effect of their loading concentration on
the properties of the microcapsules was investigated. It was found that the concentration of the
emulsier has signicant effect on the properties, size and shape of the nal microcapsules.It
was found that the concentration of the emulsier has signicant effect on the properties, size
and shape of the nal microcapsules. In case Triton X 100 emulsier the optimum loading found
to 1% and the mean particle size obtained was 1.32 + 0.10 µm. In case of tween 80 the increase
in the concentration results particle size distribution in the narrow range. Obtained
microcapsules were conrm by FTIR spectroscopy and optical microscope. The
microencapsulation helps in the controlled release of the hexaconazole which can be
programmed by the core to shell ratio. Higher the core to shell ratio results in the faster release of
active ingredient from the microcapsules than the lower core to shell ratio.
Keywords: Hexaconazole, Fungicide, Microencapsulation, Interfacial polymerization.
245
Optimization of Sand Casting Process Parameters for
Nonferrous Material by Using Design of Experiments
1 2
Jugalraj Panda and Manoj Kumar Rout
1
Department of Material Science and Engineering, CIPET, Bhubaneswar,
2
Departments of Mechanical Engineering, HCE, Bhubaneswar
E-mail:jugalraj6@gmail.com
Casting is a age old production technique wherein cavities are formed by a pattern into a
porous and refractive material, usually sand, and then liquid metal is poured into the cavity so
that it takes up the shape of the cavity, thus forming the required metal product. Various
properties of sand such as grain neness number, green compressive strength, refractiveness,
clay content, moisture, mould strength, etc have an appreciable effect over the produced casting
of non ferrous metal (Brass). An experimental study was conducted to study the effect of three
parameters, namely, moisture content of sand mould, the clay content of sand mixture and grain
neness number of sand on the tensile strength of the casting produced. Experiments were
planned using the strategy of design of experiments, level and range of input parameters i.e.
moisture, clay content and grain size were selected and then experiments were conducted. In
each run, the tensile strength of obtained casting was measured using the Universal Testing
Machine. Some considerations were put up for the hardness number, visual blow holes, surface
nish, pin holes etc. Since we took into account three factors, the use of Taguchi method was
made, total of nine sand mixtures were made for the application of L9 technique. These samples
were then put to test for tensile strength and analysis was conducted for the collected data to
study the main effects. Optimization was done by Taguchi Technique and in the nal there was
comparison study was made.
Keywords: Sand casting, Design of Experiments, Optimization Technique.
246
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Mechanical Properties of
Poly(Lactic) Acid–Luffa Fiber Composites
1 2 3 4
Subhashree Patra , Pinaki Chatterjee , Kamal L. Mohanta and Chhatrapati Parida
1,3
Department Of Physics, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
2
Department Of Polymer Science Laboratory of Advanced Research in polymeric Material,
CIPET, Bhubaneswar, India
4
Department Of Physics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
E-mail:sivaji_1976@yahoo.co.in
Modication of surface of natural ber by gamma irradiation is an effective and

economical technique and of viable interests in the terrain of biocomposites. The response of
doses (0.5 Gy,1Gy and 2 Gy) of gamma irradiation of 6MV energy on the structural, tensile
and exural properties of composites using poly lactic acid (PLA) and bers of luffa
cylindrical (LC) is studied. Preliminary results suggests promising mechanical properties.
After reinforcement of irradiated LC ber, the tensile strength and exural strength of the
virgin PLA matrix increases by 60% and 155% respectively. The E-modulus of the
composites are also heightened with addition of irradiated ber up to the limit of 1 Gy of
irradiation dose and then decreases with higher dose of irradiation. Furthermore the tensile
strength and exural strength of the composites increases with incorporation of very low
content of LC ber up to 2 wt% and decreases with higher loading of bers (5 wt% and 10
wt%).Modulus of composites is enhanced with increase in wt of ber content in the composites.
Moreover beefore reinforcement the LC bers are modied with Ca salts in order to explore the
use of these composites in biomedical territory.
Keywords: LC ber, PLA, tensile strength, Flexural strength, Gamma irradiation
247
Morphology, Mechanical and Biological Properties of Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)
and Thermoplastic Poly Urethane (TPU) Elastomer Blends
for Biomedical Application
1, 1 1 2 3
Aayushi Wawre Radhashyam Giri , Ajay K Nema , K.S.S.Sarma , Y. K Bhardwaj ,
Pradeep Upadhyay1 and S. K. Nayak4
1
Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and
Technology Plot No 630, Phase IV, GIDC, Vatva, Ahmedabad, India.
2
Isotope and Radiation Application Division, BRIT-BARC Complex, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India.
3
Radiation Technology Development Section, Bhaba Atomic Research Center (BARC), Mumbai,
4
Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology,
Email: aayushiwawre@gmail.com
Poly lactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) both are
biocompatible and biodegradable materials. PLA being internally brittle, to enhance its
toughness and impact strength it was melt blended with TPU. The phase morphology,
mechanical properties, permeability, toughening mechanism and biological evaluation of the
TPU/PLA blends were investigated. The various blends were prepared by the composition of
5%, 10% and 15% PLA content in PU elastomer. The characterization of morphological
properties indicates that the spherical PLA particles dispersed in the TPU matrix. It was
observed in DSC results that all the blends prepared have a Tg below room temperature
indicating rubber like amorphous material. Thus there is no much change in stability of blends
by incorporation of PLA. It is clearly observed in Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
micrograph analysis showing the mixing behavior of both the materials. Thus the dispersed
phase i.e. the hard segment and soft segment based on the inherent property of the materials
leads to decrease in Tensile Properties but increase in elongation. Finally Hemocompatibility
test of RBC count of the blood sample preserved with sample; while there was no increase or
decrease in RBC count shows that it can be used for biomedical application.
Keywords: Thermoplastic polyurethane, Polylactic acid, Scanning electron microscope, DSC

and Hemocompatibility
248
Review on Super Plastics Forming of Metals
Lallu prasath K
Department Of Manufacturing Engineering, B.E Manufacturing Engineering, CIPET, Chennai
E-Mail: prasad1218roguez@gmail.Com
In manufacturing engineering, we know that Ductile to Brittle transition was considered

as a milestone for the development progresses. However various manufacturing methods have
been followed, to form sheet metals to complex contoured hollow components, SPF (Super
plastic Forming) methodology is employed, where the well ne grained metals show the
exceptional ductile property as of metallurgical point of view. This enhanced ductility however
co-linked with welding techniques, thereby helps in forming complex shaped components
without rivets and joints. Reduction in material wastage, lack of residual stresses and
economical manufacturing costs makes the process ideal for aviation and automotive sectors. In
my poster, I would like to sketch the critical review on SPF process on metallic materials, it's
equipment and modeling along with its wide applications. Hoping that this review would be
helpful for researchers to get a clear idea about the history, development and process
methodology of SPF (Super Plastic Forming).
Keywords: Super Plastic Forming, Metallic materials, Brittle transition, Manufacturing.
249
Effect of Lubricant on Flass Filled ABS and SAN
1
Sayuja Narwade1, Ajay K. Nema1, M. H. Shridhar2, Radhayshyam Giri and Pradeep Upadhyay
1
Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and
Technology Plot No 630, Phase IV, GIDC, Vatva, Ahmedabad, India.
2
INEOS Styrolution Ltd. In Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
E-mail:sayujanarwade9421@gmail.com
Glass bres (GF) are the reinforcement agent used in most of the thermoset and
thermoplastic based composites, as they create a good balance between properties and cost. The
mechanical properties of the thermoplastic polymer changes gradually and drastically by
addition of layers of glass bre.
The glass lled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN) will
suitable for home appliances, automobile parts applications. They show very high heat
resistivity, dimensional stability, high tensile strength and good thermal conductivity. The
composite materials were produced by injection moulding process and compounding in side
feeder Twin screw extruder of glass bre, ABS resin and SAN melts were added by
incorporating into the melt up to about 1 to 2.5 percent by weight of ethylene bis stearamide
(EBS) lubricant. The specimens obtained from composite materials having different ratio of
lubricant content were tested to determine tensile, exural and impact strength, hardness,
HDT/VST and also test FTIR. The EBS excellent lubricant for shear processing in melts of glass
lled ABS and SAN. This invention relates to the improved shear processing and effect of
mechanical property of glass lled ABS and SAN melts.
Keywords: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Styrene Acrylonitrile, Glass bre, Ethylene bis
stearmide.
250
Development of Porous Surface on Biodegradable Microcellular Plastics
using High Intensity Focused Light
Samar Priyadarshi, Abhishek Gandhi, Smita Mohanty, S K Nayak

Laboratory for advanced research in polymeric materials, CIPET, Bhubaneswar
E-mail: spriyadarshi83@gmail.com
Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) is an aliphatic biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic

polyester i.e., derived from renewable plant sources, such as starch and sugar. It is made up of
lactic acid (2-hydroxy propionic acid) building blocks. The preparation of microcellular
polymer for tissue engineering has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the
absence of using organic solvents and the ability to incorporate thermosensitive biologicals
without loss of bioactivity. Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, highly porous with a
large surface/volume ratio, mechanically strong, and malleable PLA foams has convincingly
demonstrated the proof of the concept for using in bio absorbable polymer as bone xation
devices and can also be used in such tissue engineering. This project describes the newly
achievements on the preparation of porous microcellular biodegradable polymer using High
Intensity focused light. In the present work microcellular PLA foams with low cell density and
high expansion ratio has to be manufactured using solid-state batch foaming process. A
systematic and analytical evaluation method called Taguchi's quality engineering has to be
applied for the optimization of the foaming parameters to acquire the maximum expansion ratio
during the production of PLA foams. In this study, a novel manufacturing process of making
porous surface has been explored using High Intensity Focused Light. This method would
enable solvent-less and contact free manufacturing of scaffolds.
Keywords: Polylactic acid, Foamed plastics, Taguchi method, Tissue engineering, Scaffolds,
Biodegradable plastics, Porous foam, Solid state batch foaming
251
Design and Analysis of EPS Embedded Epoxy
Sandwich Composite Structure
Ravishankar B 1, Abdul Kader M1, Maheswaran R2

1
Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation,
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Chennai.
2
Mechanical Engineering department - Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi
E-mail:shankar8152@gmail
This paper addresses the sandwich composite structure with good strength at
appreciable less weight which can oat on water bodies. The sandwich composite structure was
developed by combining- Aluminium as a face skin and bottom skin layer of the structure and
the core includes Epoxy resin and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) spheres. Representative
volume method technique was adopted to develop unit cell using various calculations and
modelling. The volume fraction of the EPS in the core structure was varied from 5% to 25% at a
5% increment level.. The structure was chosen as per the ASTM standard
(250mm*25mm*8mm) and it remains unchanged for all the varying volume fractions. The
modelling was done for varying volume fraction to place the EPS spheres in the core of
sandwich structure. The 2D modelling was done using AutoCAD with the concept of total
volume spacing method, in which the sphereswere placed with respective volume fraction
using various formulas and it is equally placed inside the core of the sandwich structure. Sphere
packing was assumed to be either square packing or hexagonal packing. Unit cell analysis was
done using Ansys for the optimized volume fraction (5% to 25%). The experiment results were
compared to the numerical analysis results for optimized volume of Expanded Polystyrene
Spheres (EPS) and form good correlation.
Keywords: Sandwich composite, Aluminium, EPS, AutoCAD.
252
Design and Development of Desktop Size Three Dimensional
Printing Machine: Selective Laser Sintering
Mugeshwaran A, Nalini Ranganathan, Joseph Bensingh R, Abdul Kader M.

Advanced Research school for technology and product simulation, Central institute of plastics
engineering and technology, T.V.K. Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Email: amugeshwaran125@gmail.com.
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing process that uses a laser to
fuse powdered materials into solid 3D structures. Despite of its potentiality towards fabrication
of complex structures; the printing of multiple materials using single system and prohibitive
cost of SLS machine have hindered the wide adoption of this technology. Thus, this research
focused on the development low costs and commercial purpose SLS system for multiple
materials (i.e. high temperature polymer and low temperature metal). The materials having
maximum fuse/melting temperature of 800°C namely PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) and
Aluminium are considered for the development of SLS machine. In this study an attempt has
been made to develop a proto-model of SLS machine with major design principles namely (1)
control of layer thickness (2) control of laser sintering (3) control of loading and unloading (4)
Controlled heat generation system. The proto-model of desktop size 3D printer proto-model is
developed; which has the capability to use in various elds like academic (educational
institute), research and development and also other manufacturing sectors like bio-medical,
automobile and aerospace.
Keywords: SLS, 3D structures, PEEK, Aluminium.
253
Development and Characterization of Bioglass Reinforced Polymer Scaffold
for Bone Tissue Engineering
Rohithkumar R, Sangeetha A,Bhuvana K P, Abdul Kader M and Sanjay K Nayak

Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation, Central Institute of
Plastic Engineering and Technology, Chennai.
E-mail:krohith05@gmail.com
to bone and even to soft tissues. In this study, an electrospun polymer composite scaffold was
polyvinyl alcohol was used to produce brous scaffolds. Electrospun was done at a voltage of
electrospun polymer scaffold was studied.
Keywords: Bioactive glass; Electrospining; Fibers; Bone Tissue engineering.
254
Effect of Annealing on the Optical Characterization of
Polycarbonate Biaspheric Lens
R. Joseph Bensingh1, K.P Bhuvana1, Nalini.R1., S. Rajendra Boopathy2 and C.Jebaraj3

1
Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute
of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Chennai, India.
2
College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India.
3
Vellore Institutes of Technology, Chennai, India
Email: josephbensingh@gmail.com
The present study endeavors towards the enhancement of optical quality of polymer
Biaspheric lens developed for the application of indirect ophthalmology. Biaspheric lens with
free form surface of optical power 28 diopter and dimension 40 mm diameter, 63.06 and 31.53
radius of curvature on either sides, 11 mm and 2 mm thickness at the center and periphery
respectively was designed, analyzed and optimized for injection molding process with
minimum variation in volumetric shrinkage. The polycarbonate biaspheric lens was fabricated
using injection molding process with optimized process conditions. The surface quality of the
injection moulded lenses are evaluate dusing the contact surface prolometry for Radii of
Curvatures (RoC), waviness of the surface proles (Pt) and surface roughness (Ra) of the steep
and shallow proles. The optical quality of the lens were estimated through the optical
characterizations like light transmittance, refractive index, birefringence and wave front
analysis in order to study the suitability of the lens for targeted application of indirect
ophthalmology. Being, the biaspheric lens, the wave front and the transparency is the vital
characteristics to decide the optical quality of the lens. From the optical studies, it is observed
that the lens possess the residual strain during injection molding process, which was reected
from the photoelasticity results. The lens were subjected to post annealing process to remove
the residual strain. The periodicity in birefringence and the wave front pattern proves the
enhancement in optical quality at the optimized annealing condition. The present paper
addresses the dependence of optical characteristics as a function of annealing condition.
Keywords: Plastic Biaspheric lens, Birefringence, Wavefront analysis.
255
Fabrication of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Processed Metallic
Microlattice Structure for Light Weighting Technology
Josephine Blessy D, K.P. Bhuvana, R. Joseph Bensingh and Abdul kader M

Advanced Research school for Technology and Product Simulation,
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Chennai, India
Email: jose4blessy@gmail.com
The Micro-lattice material is a new class of material with low density and
having properties in the eld of mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic. It provides
strength-to-weight ratio, sound absorption and active cooling capacity than other type of
cellular materials used in sandwich construction such as folded, honeycomb and foam. Micro-
lattice is open cell structure, where the lattice formation occurs due to interconnected struts.
A Novel metallic microlattice poly structure with different strut length, height, and angle are
designed using Solidworks software. 3D nite element (FE) model was developed for
AlSi10Mg-based microlattice in ANSYS Workbench to predict the compressive response. The
macroscopic deformation of microlattice structure and the microscopic stress and strain in the
struts was investigated though ANSYS. The strut length and angle of microlattice structure has
been optimized. The optimized poly structure was fabricated through an additive
manufacturing technique called selective laser melting (SLM) using aluminium alloy metal
powder, AlSi10Mg using the optimized sintering conditions. The mechanical response of the
fabricated structure was studied using Universal Testing Machine (Compression mode). The
variable compressive load upto 5kN was applied and the percentage of recovery was observed.
The comparative study on the solid structure and the fabricated microlattice structure on the
response to the compressive load was studied theoretically and experimentally. The sandwich
structure of polymer composite skin with microlattice core was developed and its mechanical
characteristics was studied.
Keywords: Metallic Microlattice, Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Sandwich structure.
256
Innovative Non manipulative Sharps Disposal Container (SDC):
A Technology to control Infectious Hospital Waste
1 1 1 1
K.P. Bhuvana , R. Joseph Bensingh , K. Prakalathan , S. Deepak ,
Yazhini Ravi2, Padma Srikanth2, J. Satyanarayana Murthy2, Sanjay K Nayak1
1
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Guindy, Chennai, India
2
Sri Ramachandra Medical University, Porur, Chennai, India
E-mail: josephbensingh@gmail.com
The present paper addresses the novel technology for disposal of used sharps at
health care centers through an innovative design of Multifunctional Sharps Disposal Container
(SDC). The proposed technology targets the control of infections through needle stick injuries
for waste handlers at health care centers. The proposed design of SDC combines the features of
separation of needles from syringes, mutilation of needles, collection of mutilated needles and
other sharps like scalpels, blades, lancets etc., and onsite chemical treatment for
decontamination of used sharps in one system. The 3D model of SDC was developed using
CATIA and the prototype model was developed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The
container was veried for its compliance to the biomedical waste management (BMWM)
regulations-2016. The suitable plastic material was identied and characterized to study the
feasibility of mass production of the sharps disposal container.
Keywords: Hospital sharps waste, Sharps disposal container, Onsite decontamination
257
Nonlinear Analysis of Rubber by Finite Element Techniques
for Automotive Leaf Spring Systems
R Karthikeyan, S.Rajkumar, R.Joseph Bensingh and Abdul Kader M

Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Chennai. India
E-mail:ravikarthikeyan1390@gmail.com
An approach for determining the results of the hyperelastic materials in automotive

suspension systems is done in this research. The present study focuses on the sliding contact
friction between the rubber and the steel. The durability of the rubber material in the insert is
determined at various loading conditions for better operation. Three different rubber materials
are used as the models including the currently used material in the suspension system. The
nonlinear FEA analysis is carried out for the three different materials with the uniaxial stress-
strain data as the input source for the material properties. A suitable hyperelastic model is also
used as the input for determining the deformation and the stress concentration in the leaf tip
insert. The failure of the tip insert is determined in various loading conditions and the best
design for limited stress concentration with higher reliability is determined in the three models.
The overall results are tabulated and compared for better utilization of the tip insert in the
automotive industry.
Keywords: Hyperelastic, Tip insert, Friction, Durability and Mechanical Properties.
258
Studies on Fracture Toughness Analysis and Mechanical Behaviour
of Epoxy-Carbon Fiber and Graphene Hybrid Composites
Jeevi G, Abdul Kader M and Nalini Ranganathan

Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Chennai, India.
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, India.
E-mail: jeeviaero20@gmail.com
In this present study, a hybrid composite laminate structure was designed, analysed and
optimized using modelling and analysing software, respectively. In order to design the
laminate, Epoxy (EP) was used as resin and the Carbon Fiber (CF) mat, Graphene (G) were used
as reinforcements. The optimized composite laminate were fabricated using hand lay-up
0
process and cured under pressure (4 Mpa) and temperature (50 C). Optimized laminates
structure having different compositions were fabricated and tested for mechanical properties,
energy absorption and the fracture toughness (G, KIC). The results showed that the hybrid
composite consisting of Epoxy (EP), Graphene (G) and Carbon Fiber (CF) exhibited higher
mechanical performance than the composites made either EP+G or EP+CF. Moreover, the
hybrid composite has shown higher energy absorption among all other composites. Similarly,
the Surface morphology evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has shown that the
hybrid structure had better interfacial adhesion between the reinforcements and the resin. This
study gives the comparative analysis of FEA results and experimental results of epoxy, carbon
ber and graphene hybrid composites.
Keywords: Epoxy resin, Graphene, Carbon bers, Hybrid Composites, Mechanical strength,
Fracture toughness.
259
Processing and Characterization of Linz-Donawitz Sludge
Filled Polypropylene Composites
Abhilash Purohit and Alok Satapathy

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
E-mail:mr.abhilash.purohit@gmail.com
Linz-Donawitz Sludge (LD sludge) are the ne solid particles recovered after wet
cleaning of the gas emerging from LD convertors during steel making. The present work
includes processing of polypropylene composites lled with different proportions of LD sludge
by conventional solution casting technique. Sliding wear trials are performed under different
test conditions as per ASTM G 99 following a design of experiment approach based on
Taguchi's Orthogonal Arrays. This parametric analysis reveals that the ller content and the
sliding velocity are the most signicant factors affecting the sliding wear characteristics of
these composites.
Keywords: Polypropylene composites, LD Sludge, Characterization, Sliding Wear, Design

of experiments.
260
Design and Analysis of Mooring system for Floating Solar
Photovoltaic Panels
Anto Lawrence F, Nalini Ranganathan, Joseph Bensingh R and Abdul Kader M.

Advanced Research school for technology and product simulation, Central institute
of plastics engineering and technology, T.V.K. Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Email:f.antolawrence@gmail.com
The Photovoltaic (PV) oating system for power generation is a combination of solar
PV system and oating system. The mooring of such oaters is tedious, as the level of the water
in any water bodies tends to uctuate based on the climatic condition and geographical
locations. Therefore a suitable mooring should be adapted in order have high resistance towards
tidal wave front, static &dynamic loads and uctuating water levels etc. In this study, a
stretchable mooring system is designed using modeling software &analyzed and optimized
using ANSYS (FEA –Hyper elastic). The proposed design resists the horizontal and vertical
loads, under both static and dynamic conditions. The mooring system consist of three major
components namely shackle, hawser and thimble. The shackle is basically connected to
concrete in order to hold the hawser and the oater; the elastomeric hawser acts as a shock
absorption unit, where one end is connected to the shackle under the sea bed and the other end to
the rope and nally the thimble connects the elastomeric hawser and the rope. A suitable
material for each components are selected and optimized to provided structural stability for the
entire system. Thus the optimized system has provided sufcient stability to the oater along
with the compensation towards the uctuating water level.
Keywords: Photovoltaic oating system, ANSYS, Shackle, Hawser, Thimble.
261
Dry Sliding Wear Response of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with
Short Hair Fibers and Glass Micro Spheres
Bishnu Prasad Nanda, Alok Satapathy

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
Email: bishnuprasad.nanda726@gmail.com
Human hair is a low degradable biological ber having high tensile strength and
unique chemical composition. It is abundantly available as a waste material. In the present
work a class of hybrid polymer composites reinforced with short human hair bers (SHF) and
solid glass micro-spheres (SGM) are prepared by simple hand lay-up technique. Mechanical
properties such as tensile, exural and compressive strengths are evaluated. Dry sliding wear
tests are performed on these composites following ASTM G99. A design of experiment
approach based on Taguchi's orthogonal array is adopted in order to identify signicant control
factors inuencing the wear rates of these composites. Effects of SGM and hair ber
reinforcement on the mechanical and wear characteristics of epoxy have been studied. It is
found that addition of SGM enhances the wear performance of epoxy-SHF composite.
Key Words: Epoxy composites, hair ber, solid glass micro sphere, sliding wear test
262
Enhancement in Mechanical Properties by SMA Compatibilizer
for ABS and Nylon6 Blend
Disha Ojha1, Jignesh shukla1, Pradeep Upadhyay2and Radhashyam Giri

1
Department of Plastic Technology, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and
Technology Plot No. 630, phaseIV, GIDC,Vatva,Ahmedabad,India.
2
Chembond Chemicals Ltd. In Vadodra, Gujarat, India
Email: dishaojha9@gmail.com
Blend of ABS and PA6 material are investigated over a range of composition using a
compatibilizer (KEMZER-SMA). Different composition of ABS and PA6 in varying ratio from
80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 with incorporating 2, 4, 6wt % of compatibilizer and without
compatibilizer.
In general, incorporation of the compatibilizer can lead to high mechanical properties
using different weight% ratio. Unlike the commonly used compatibilizer in ABS/PA6 blend,
PB-g-MAH is compatible with ABS polymer matrix core phase, polybutadiene rather than shell
phase of SAN. By addition of small % of PB-g-MAH can dramatically increase the MFI of the
blend. This shows improved dispersion of ABS particles in the matrix that reduce the viscosity
of the melt blend .The compatibility and interaction of the component in the blends were
characterized by FTIR, molautest, MFI, DMA and SEM. A Blend of both polymers improves
toughness, mechanical strength and dimensional stability with the help of PB-g-MAH
compatibilizer. The issues of compatibility and toughening of ABS/PA blend are discussed and
current challenges are highlighted.
Keywords: Compatibilizer, Mechanical strength, Dimensional stability
263
Synthesis and Characterisation of Guargum-g-Poly
(Methyl Methacrylate)/Silica (GG-g-PMMA/Silica)
and its Use as Bio-Sorbents of Heavy Metal Ions in Water
Tikina Rani Sethy and Prafulla K.Sahoo

Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Email: tikisheetypg42@gmail.com
Utilization of raw materials available in nature and their applications to synthesize

useful bio nanocomposites without any adverse impact on the environment has long been a
desired goal. Recently, a lot of work has been done in the development of low-cost sorbents for
water remediation. Bio-based polymers have greater impacts on the human being by reducing
the dependence on fossil fuels and through the related positive environmental impacts such as
reduced carbon dioxide emissions. In this work, cross-linked super adsorbent
bionanocomposite has been synthesized using two biopolymers such as chitosan, guar gum and
monomer methyl methacrylate by graft copolymerization via emulsier-free emulsion
polymerisation reaction in presence of potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator and silica as
cross linking agent in aqueous solution. FTIR analysis was carried out to conrm chemical
structure of the so formed composite and SEM was used for morphological study. The
composite was also characterized by XRD to study its crystalline nature. The effect of the
various reaction parameters such as guar gum, chitosan concentration, monomer concentration,
initiator concentration, cross-linker concentration and pH on adsorption of metal ions were
investigated to achieve improved methods for water remediation.The main application of the so
prepared composites could be for the removal of micro quantities of heavy metal ions such as V
(V), Mo (VI), Cr (VI) from the water for the betterment of our environment.
Keywords: Biobased-polymer, Crosslinker, Biosorbents, Emulsion polymerisation,

Vanadium, Molybdenum, Chromium.
264
Hetero-Aromatic-Fluorescent Polyesters: Synthesis,
Characterization and Thermal Studies
Sachin K. Nizama1, JignasaV. Modh2 and Saurabh K. Patel

1
Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University,
2
Udhna-Magdalla Road, Surat-395007. (Gujarat, India)
E-mail: saurabh.silvina@gmail.com
A new class of high performance hetero-aromatic-uorescent polyesters containing

coumarin and s-triazine rings was prepared by high temperature condensation polymerization
technique using citrimide as initiator. All the polyesters were characterized by IR and 1H NMR
spectroscopy. The inherent and reduced viscosities were checked by Ubbelohde solution
viscometer and intrinsic viscosity was measured using Huggins and Kraemer's equations.
Solubility properties of all the polyesters were checked in polar and nonpolar solvents. Density
of all the polyesters was determined by pyknometer. Thermogravimetric analysis of all the
polyesters has been carried out in air. We have noted that polyesters have shown uorescent
property due to coumarin ring.
Keywords: Hetero-aromatic-uorescent polyesters, Physical properties, Thermal studies.
265
Effect of non metallic parts of waste printed circuit board
on the properties of plasticized PVC obtained from waste wire
Rajesha Kumar Das, Manoranjan Biswal, Smita Mohanty, S K Nayak

Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, CIPET, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
E-mail: rajeshadas20693@gmail.com
The current study develops a composite by using recycled e-waste to reduces hazardous
effectand to reuse the valuable substances present in e-waste. Waste electrical and electronics
equipment (WEEE) increase tremendously due to escalation of electrical and electronic
equipment (EEE) in global market. Wire and Printed circuit boards (PCB) are the major
constituents in WEEE because these play a vital role in EEE. We were extracted plasticized
polyvinyl chloride (PPVC) from waste wire and Nonmetallic parts(NMP) from waste PCB. The
aim of this study was to investigate the property of PPVC-NMP composite where NMP acts as
ller in PPVC matrix.The composites were investigated by means of mechanical testing
(tensile testing, hardness), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR).
Keywords: WEEE, Wires, Printed circuit boards, Recycling, Mechanical properties, Thermal
properties.
266
Development of PLA/Nanozinc Oxide/Nanoclay Hybrid
Composite Films and its Antibacterial Properties
2
V H Sangeetha1, Aswathy Unnikrishnan2, C S Sikhira , T O Varghese1
1
Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology, A Unit of CIPET, Eloor, Udyogamandal-P O, Kochi,
2
Department of Chemistry, SNDPYSS,College, Peintalmanna, Malappuram,679322
Email: sangeetha.vh2006@gmail.com
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a promising biopolymer for packaging applications owing to its
bioactive, compostable characteristics and being derived from renewable resources. PLA
nanocomposite lms with multifunctional characteristics such as mechanical, anti-UV,
antibacterial, gas barrier properties are potentially of high interest as packaging biomaterials.
In this study, nano zinc oxide (nano ZnO) was prepared by simple precipitation method and
characterized by XRD and FTIR. PLA/nano ZnO lms were prepared by solvent casting
method with different weight % of nano ZnO (0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt,% respectively).
The values of elongations of PLA/nano ZnO lms were improved by 30.6%, 30.1 % and
15.9 % by the incorporation of 0.5,1 and 1.5 wt.% of nano–zinc oxide content respectively.
Hybrid composites of PLA with nano zinc oxide and nanoclay were also prepared via solvent
casting at different ller concentrations. The prepared hybrid composite lms were investigated
for its mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. The reduction in water vapour transmission
rate of around 5.7 % was noticed for PLA/ nanoZnO/ nanoclay in comparison with neat PLA.
Incorporation of nano zinc oxide in PLA lms showed considerable improvement in the
antimicrobial activity to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli.
Keywords: Polylactic acid, Nano zinc oxide, Nanoclay, Antimicrobial activity
267
Microencapsulation of Essential Oils using M-F Resin
for Textile Applications
1 2 2
C. K. Amrutha , Suraj Varma and T. O. Varghese
1
Department of Chemistry, M. A. M. O. College , Kozhikode, India
2
Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology, Kochi, India
E-mail: surajvarmatsr@gmail.com
Microencapsulation is described as a process of enclosing micron-sized particles of

solids or droplets of liquids or gases in an inert shell, which in turn isolates and protects them
from the external environment. Microencapsulation can modify the colour, shape, volume,
apparent density, reactivity, durability, pressure sensitivity and photosensitivity of the
encapsulated substance and also the targeted release of encapsulated material. The applications
of microencapsulated systems include drug delivery, textiles, cosmetics, pigments, paper
industry etc.
Microspheres of citronella oil encapsulated melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer using
double emulsion method was prepared and impregnated onto cotton ber by compression using
starch as binder. The distribution and morphology of microcapsules and coated cotton bers
were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro release studies
citronella essential oil from the textile was followed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer.
Antimicrobial property of the impregnated textile was conrmed by antimicrobial assay
microtiter plate method. It is found that citronella oil loaded M-F capsules are having about 60%
inhibition towards E-coli bacteria. The impregnated textile systems can be suggested for textile
applications.
Keywords: Microspheres, Citronella oil, MF capsules, SEM.
268
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Pamidronate Loaded
Electrospun Polycaprolactone/ Polycaprolactone-
Polyethyleneglycol-Polycaprolactone /Nanohydroxyapatite
Composite Scaffold for Osteoporotic Bone Defect Repair
K.R. Remya1, Sunitha Chandran2, Harikrishnan V.S2, Annie John2, and P.Ramesh2
1
Centre for Biopolymer Science & Technology (CBPST), Kochi-683501, Kerala, India
2
Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
E-mail: remyaraj85@gmail.com
Bone fractures associated with osteoporosis is becoming a major concern all over the
world especially in the elderly population and in postmenopausal women. Antiresorptive agents
such as bisphosphonates are commonly used to treat and prevent osteoporosis. However, major
drawback associated with oral bisphosphonate therapy is their poor bioavailability and
undesirable gastrointestinal side effects.The present study explores the in vitro and in vivo
efcacy of a local drug delivery system based on electrospun polycaprolactone/
polycaprolactone–polyethyleneglycol-polycaprolactone/nanohydroxyapatite (PCL/CEC/ n
HAP) composite scaffold for the delivery of pamidronate disodium pentahydrate (PDS), an
antiresorptive drug used for the treatment of osteoporosis. The effect of PDS on physico-
mechanical and biological properties of PCL/CEC/nHAP composite scaffolds were evaluated
and compared. MTT assay using rat ADMSCs indicated enhanced cell viability for 3%
pamidronate loading.The in-vivo performance of PCL/CEC/nHAP-PDS3 (test group) and
PCL/CEC/nHAP (control group) scaffolds were evaluated by creating an 8 mm critical size
calvarial defect in an osteoporotic rat animal model. Results indicated better osseous tissue
integration within PDS loaded scaffolds after 12 weeks post implantation as revealed by x-ray
radiographic, micro CT, density measurement using micro CT, histology and
histomorphometry. The study revealed that the fabricated PCL/CEC/nHAP-PDS3 composite
has the potential to be used as scaffolding material for the repair of osteoporotic bone defects.
Keywords: Antiresorptive drug, Calvarial defect, Histology, Osteoporotic defects.
269
Fabrication of Castor Oil based Rigid Polyurethane Bio-foam:
Effect of Nanoclay on Thermo-Mechanical Properties.
S. Sunanda, S. Jayavani and T.O Varghese

Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology, Kerala, India
E-mail: sunandaudayan13@gmail.com
Polyurethane rigid foams are widely used in thermal insulation applications.

Conventional polyurethane foams are produced from petroleum derived diisocyanate and
polyol. Dependence of non renewable petroleum resources causes several problems like non
biodegradability, global warming and pollution etc. Vegetable oils are one of the important bio
resources for production of polyurethane foam because of its low cost, renewability and ease of
different chemical modications.
In this work, biopolyol has been synthesized by transesterication of castor oil. Rigid
polyurethane bio foam (CRPF) was fabricated from the castor polyol (CP) and methylene
diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) after optimization of various process conditions. Bio foam
nanoclay composites (NCRPF) were prepared by changing various concentrations (0.5-5) wt%
of montmorillonite clay. Properties of bio foam clay composites were studied using. density,
compressive properties, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) etc. Effects of nanoclay on thermo mechanical properties were evaluated and compared
with castor oil based neat rigid polyurethane bio foam. It was observed that for 0.5 and 1wt%
nanoclay loaded bio foam showed higher compressive strength than neat bio foam. Thermal
stability of bio foams was increased with the addition of nanoclay.
Keywords: Transesterication, Castor polyol, Bio foam, Nanoclay composite.
270
Effect of Jute Fiber Surface-Treatments on the Properties of
Poly(lactic acid)/Jute Biocomposites in Automotive Applications
Mohammad Tahir Zafar, Saurindra Nath Maiti, Anup Kumar Ghosh

Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,
New Delhi, India
E-mail: anupkghosh@gmail.com
Natural ber reinforced biocomposites have recently attracted many researchers

because of their biodegradability, cost effectiveness and ecofriendliness. The present research
work explores the properties of jute ber reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based
biocomposites. PLA/jute ber (70/30 w/w) biocomposites were fabricated in a twin screw
extruder using jute ber of size ranging between 40-46 mm in diameter and 2.3-2.6 mm in
length. Prior to the extrusion jute ber were surface treated with NaOH and (NaOH+Silane).
Surface treatment of jute ber using NaOH removed the impurities from the ber surface
making the surface rough which helped in mechanical interlocking with the matrix. However,
surface treatment using (NaOH + silane) enhanced the surface functionalities of the jute ber
which improves further phase adhesion between jute ber and PLA matrix as observed by the
SEM images. FT-IR results conrmed the formation of various physical and chemical bonding
between PLA and jute ber and the increase in intensity of the characteristic peaks with the
extent of surface treatment. Mechanical and thermo mechanical properties of the biocomposites
with surface treated jute ber were higher than those of the PLA/untreated jute ber
biocomposites and neat PLA. Further, (NaOH + silane) treated jute ber reinforced composites
showed signicantly higher properties than those reinforced with only NaOH treated jute ber.
Keywords: Biocomposites, Surface treatment, Extrusion, Mechanical properties, Morphology
271
Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Treatment on Charpy Impact
Strength of Kenaf/Polyester Composite
A.R.M.Nazim, and M.N.M.Ansari

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitiy Tenag, Kajang 43000 Selangor,
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Fibre reinforced composites are used widely due to its advantage over monolithic
materials. Generally, composite hold combined properties and advantages of two or more
elements it is made of. Recently, issues of synthetic materials clogging our earth due to its
non- biodegradable characteristics and chemical hazardous substances. Hence, natural bre
composites are introduced in order to solve non-biodegradable issue as well as addressing
issues of non-renewable materials. However, natural bres has several limitations due to its
mechanical weaknesses. High water absorptivity that weakens its structures, poor bonding
between bre and matrix and also the properties of the ber itself. In this paper, Charpy impact
strength of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) treated kenaf reinforced polyester composite (30:70)
was characterized and found to be improved than the untreated composite of same
composition. The sample with highest impact strength and the fractured surface morphology
was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which showed strong matrix
adhesion characteristic in NaOH treated kenaf/polyester (30:70) composite.
Keywords: Composite, Natural Fibre, Polyester, Kenaf, Scanning Electron Microscope.
272
Design Selection Based on Tensile Properties of
Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD)
Sharmini Vijayan , Ansari, M.N.M , Zainudin Yahya and Ragunatha E. Naicker

1 1 1 2
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitiy Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000
2
Capital Envoy (M) Sdn.Bhd. Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) are drain strips used to accelerate the
consolidation settlement process induced by the pre-loading of normally consolidated low-
permeability soil. This study aims to identify the suitable design parameter of PVD to reduce
unit cost by controlling the mechanical properties. Nine different PVD samples with different
types of cross-sections were prepared by polymer melt extrusion process and tested by using
universal testing machine for its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, percentage
elongation at maximum load, and modulus of elasticity of the PVD samples. Tensile tests were
conducted in accordance with ASTM standards providing data that relates the variable
parameters and respective tensile property outcomes. The thickness of the core affects the
tensile strength of the PVD sample. The sample with higher thickness value has higher tensile
strength at the maximum load applied. The tensile strength is dependent on the thickness value
of sample while the thickness of the core depends on the screw speed of single extruder.
Keywords: Design, Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD), tensile strength, elongation, modulus.
273
Novel Nucleating Agent For Semi Crystalline Materials
Nidhi patel, Jignesh Shukla, S.N.Murthy, Uday Rajdhan, Sai Dhulipala

and Radhayshyam Giri
1
Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology
Plot No 630, Phase IV, GIDC, Vatva, Ahmedabad, India.
2
Chembond chemicals Limited. Vadodara, Gujrat, india.
Email: patelnidhi1992@gmail.com
Fillers are used along with various commodities as well as engineering polymers to
improve the properties of polymers. The performance of lled polymers is generally
determined on the basis of the interface attraction of ller and polymers. Fillers of widely
varying particle size and surface characteristics are responsive to the interfacial interactions
with polymers. The present study deals with the effect of sulphonated y ash as a ller in a
various concentration on the properties of nylon 6 and nylon 6, 10.
Nylons are one of the most widely used engineering thermoplastics utilized in
automobile, electrical, electronic, packaging, textiles and consumer applications because of
their excellent mechanical properties. However, limitations in mechanical properties, such as
the low heat distortion temperature, high water absorption and dimension instability of pure
nylons have prevented their applications in structural components. Hence numerous efforts
have been undertaken to use nylons as matrix resins for composites by adding inorganic llers.
The y ash will be taken and suphonated with H2SO4 . The ratio of water and y ash is 50ml
water and 2gm y ash. Add y ash into water and place the beaker on magnetic stirrer. Add drop
wise H2SO4 in the mixture of water and y ash than continuous stirring for 3-4 Hrs. Once the
stirring is complete lter the solution with vacuum and water wash 2 to 3 times to balance the pH
level and once the pH level balanced dry the y ash in an oven for 80-90 £C for 2Hrs. The
composite granules will prepare by using twin- screw extruder. DSC test will be carried out to
check the Tg and crystallinity.
Keywords: Fly ash, Nylon 6, 10, Sulphonation, Differential scanning calorimeter.
274
Impact Modication of Poly Lactic Acid by Reactive Blending
with Acrylonitrile Grafted TPU
1 1 1 2
K. A. Rajesh , Arun. M. Panicker , T. O. Varghese , S. K. Nayak
1
Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology (CBPST), A Unit of CIPET, Kochi, Kerala, India
2
CIPET Head Ofce, Chennai
E-mail: rajeshcipet@gmail.com
Poly(lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is the most extensively researched and utilized
biodegradable and renewable thermoplastic polyester, with immense potential to replace
conventional petrochemical-based polymers. The important features of PLA include high
mechanical properties, compostability, transparency, while some weaknesses also exist such as
low heat resistance and brittleness due to slow crystallization. In recent times, several PLA-
based technologies have emerged with an emphasis on achieving chemical, mechanical, and
biological properties equivalent or superior to conventional polymers. To date, many types of
polymers regardless of being biodegradable or not, have been reported for increasing impact
properties of PLA. The impact improvement was possible through either the addition of
copolymers such as random aliphatic copolyesters, poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) etc. or by
using in situ co-polymerization (e.g., c-caprolactone and L-lactide (c-CL/L-LA), poly (β-
hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate), ethylene-co-vinyl acetate, P[CL-co-LA] random
copolyesters etc.
In this work, a novel method of impact modication of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was
developed by blending PLA with Acrylonitrile grafted TPU (ATPU) synthesized via radical
polymerization of well-dened Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) moieties on the thermoplastic
Polyurethane (TPU) by reactive extrusion. The effect of ATPU on the mechanical and thermal
properties of the resultant blend was studied as a function of ATPU loadings. 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10
percent compositions of ATPU and TPU with PLA were studied and the observations revealed
that all compositions had improved mechanical properties when compared to that of the virgin
PLA. Furthermore, ATPU compositions were found to be superior in their mechanical
characteristics in comparison to their TPU counterparts. Impact properties showed a maximum
increase of 89% for 7.5ATPU and 66% for 7.5TPU. The blends so produced shall be versatile in
the commercialization of Poly(lactic acid), providing an effective means of positively
improving the inherent properties of PLA and thereby contributing to widening its applications.
Keywords: Poly(lactic acid), Acrylonitrile grafted TPU, Mechanical properties
275
Physical and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene Foam Prepared
by Two Step Batch Foaming Process at Low Saturation Pressure
Anish Kumar2, Bhaskar Patham3, Smita Mohanty1,2and S. K. Nayak1,2

1
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, LARPM-CIPET, Bhubaneswar-751024, India.
2
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai-600032, India.
3
SABIC Technology Centre, Bangalore-562125, India.
Email: anish83007@yahoo.com
This study reports the inuence of temperature on density, cell size, type of cells and cell
size distribution of PP foam prepared by two step foaming process at low saturation pressure.
The solid specimen of polypropylene is saturated with CO2 at at room temperature for specic
period of time and then CO2 laden specimen is immersed in hot glycerol bath at different
temperatures for foaming for a specic period of time. The average cell sizes (31.85 – 72.36 µm)
of temperature-induced foaming (TIF) foams were observed and measured from SEM
micrograph. The cell size and geometry obtained from TIF are much smaller and more uniform.
The density with increasing the temperature of TIF plays around 0.43-0.47 g/cc. In addition to
the density, porosity and expansion ratio of foams have also been obtained and crystallinity of
foamed sample has measured from DSC. Overall, the foams prepared temperature-induced
foaming have uniform cells, cell size distribution and closed cell structure and density of foams
decreases with increase in temperature.
Keywords: Pressure induced foaming, Temperature induced foaming, Saturation temperature,

Foam density, Cell size.
276
A Novel Hybrid Cotton Bandage Patch
Achyut Konwar1*, Raghuram Kandimalla2, Sanjeeb Kalita2 and Devasish Chowdhury1

1
Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati India.
2
Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.
E-mail: achyutkonwar88@gmail.com
In this present work, we are reporting a novel approach for fabrication of a kind of super
absorbent, highly stable, exible and compact bio-polymeric hydrogel bounded cotton patch.
This novel technique not only exempts the spinning of cotton yarn and use of loom or other
kinds of weaving machines but also makes it possible to get a soft but mechanically robust
textile material. The mechanical strength, softness as well as the exibility of such patches can
be tuned just by varying the concentration of the bio-polymer concentration. Incorporation of
graphene oxide in such patches not only improved the mechanical strength, but also added the
antimicrobial property to the patches. These patches are even stable in presence of aqueous
medium. Most importantly the polymeric matrix hydrogel part, present over the surface of
cotton bers creates the possibility of loading different kinds of drugs, micro or nanomaterials,
different chemicals etc. for numerous applications. With this hydrogel coated cotton patch we
nally came out with a bandage material of complete package with the minimal number of
ingredients viz. graphene oxide and curcumin and specially designed to work on infected
wounds.
Keywords: Bio-polymeric hydrogel, curcumin, graphene oxide.
277
Enhancement of Damping & Mechanical Properties
of Rubber Damper
Anil Singh1,Arun KumarGupta1, Pradeep1, Satender Kumar1 and Gaurav Kumar2

1
Department of Plastic Engineering, CIPET, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
2
Department of Manufacturing Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
E-mail: anilsingh4007@gmail.com
A damper is a device that deadens, restrains, or depresses. Damper may refer to dashpot
a type of hydraulic or mechanical damper. Shock absorber a mechanical device designed to
dissipate kinetic energy.
The Rubber damper is designed to avoid vibration and impact transmission. It prevents
vibration, absorbs shock an isolates the vibration. The material of rubber damper is a synthetic
material whose long, coiled, high molecular weight chains have been cross bridged by certain
chemical ingredients to form a network. It is characterized by the ability to accept and recover
from extreme deformation of 200percent or more. The ability to formulate rubbers with specic
properties makes it so versatile and useful in an almost limitless number of applications. It is a
spring material because if its longevity, resilience, low cost and resistance to a wide range of
temperatures. A lled rubber damper at 2% strain may have shear modulus of 0.0003 GPa
versus 79.9 GPa for structural steel so rubber can be stretched much more than steel before it is
permanently deformed.
The rubber damper reinforced modied silica fume (msf) can be alternative reinforcing
ller in rubber industry; further cenosphere is added to improve its mechanical properties.
Components
 Silica fume (SF) treated with β-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulphide(TESPT) which
enhance the degree of crosslinking density.
 Ferrosilicone alloy
 Cenosphere, it is a by product of coal combustion. It is light weight, inert, hollosphere. It
is generally the mixture of silica, alumina, fumed with air.
Keywords: Rubber damper, TESPT, Cenosphere, Ferrosilicone alloy.
278
Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Syntactic Foams
A.V. Ullas 1, Prasun Kumar Roy 2 and Devendra Kumar 3

1
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
2
Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety, DRDO, Delhi, India
3
Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
E-mail: vishuullas@gmail.com
Syntactic foams are a class of polymer composites having hollow micro balloons in
polymeric matrix. The unique properties of syntactic foams have led to their increased usage in
diverse applications, primarily in the eld of marine, aerospace and automobiles etc.
The mechanical properties of these composites are mainly dependent upon the strength and
volume fraction of micro balloons employed for their processing. Two types of glass
microballoons (K46, ρ = 0.46 g/cc and K15, ρ = 0.15 g/cc), with different radius ratios are used
to fabricate syntactic foams. Radius ratio, dened as the ratio of inner and outer radii of
microballoons, is found to inuence greatly the mechanical properties of polymeric syntactic
foams. In order to further enhance the mechanical properties, without an appreciable
enhancement in their density, nanollers can be added. This study is aimed to develop such
syntactic foams and compare the mechanical properties of the foams as a function of loading
percentages of microballoons and nanollers added.
Keywords: Microballoons, radius ratio, syntactic foams, nanollers.
279
Development of Porous Roads Using Waste Plastics for
Enhancing Rain Water Penetration into Ground
Aayush Kumar Verma , Himanshu Kumar , Yashvant Rao ,

Shankar Sahu and Vineet Kumar
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Lucknow, India
E-mail: aayushv02@gmail.com
Plastics have slowly become an inevitable part of all human lives. Plastic polyethenes
carry bags, bottles, glasses, and various other items have now replaced everything used in
earlier times. This is because of various advantages of plastic- durability, easy machining, light
weight, high tensile strength, exibility and chemical resistant. But instead of all of these
properties it has one major drawback that it cannot be decomposed but we can recycle and reuse
it several times. There are many ideas upon which people are working to reduce the plastic
waste from our environment. We have also come up with an idea to reduce plastic wastes and
using it in a way which can support human lives and nature more protably.
We have analyzed various properties of plastic materials and we come up with the idea
of making porous structured modular slabs from plastic waste that can be used in making of
roads, footpath etc. and giving it white colour using master batches so that it can reect sunlight.
Nowadays urban areas have turned into jungles of concrete and bitumen roads. Causing no
space for rainwater to penetrate inside the ground and hence lowering in water table, not only
this, several ood prone areas have roads lled with water during rainy season as there is no way
for water to go. Also these black coloured bitumen roads absorb lot of amount of heat coming
from sun and therefore increase the temperature of cities.
Our idea aims to make a material which can help us in following ways:
 Porous structure that can let water to penetrate into the ground, increasing water table.
 It will be of white colour that can reect back heat of sun and can reduce the temperature
of cities upto 5-10 degrees.
 Making it in a modular way so that when roads are damaged we can easily replace the
specic damaged part instead of repairing whole road.
 Also using waste plastics can reduce the large dumps of plastic waste and give roads
longer life.
Keywords: Tensile strength, exibility, durability.

280
Ionic Polymer and its application in Medical
Kishan Yadav, Prince Chauhan and Himanshu Kumar

Plastic Engineering,CIPET, Lucknow, India
E-mail: kishany.13497@gmail.com
Polymeric materials have become an inescapable part of human life. Many of products
we enjoyed everyday are derived from polymeric materials. The polymeric materials have also
its application in medical eld, as they are used in drug administration and many other things
such as equipment made from polymers are used in medical services. The various kind of
polymers having different-different type of physical properties,by varying the properties of
polymers they can be used in specic areas according the human needs. Similarly, one of the
polymers having remarkable properties like conduction of charges by applying mechanical
forces, pressure and under the inuence of electric eld etc. is a class of ionic polymers
(electroactive polymers).
Ionic polymers after application of physical factors on them, can be designed for
medical applications, with the intent of applying them in designing of new and improved
medical devices. The main work of ionic polymers is on blood pumps and robotic instruments
for minimally invasive services. In blood pumps, Ionic polymers have potential to permit
design of more tightly integrated and biomimetic devices. In surgical instruments, the
exibility and high energy density of ionic polymer have potential for enabling replacement of
limited dexterity mechanically actuated instruments with electronically mediated instruments.
We have analyzed various properties of polymer and we come up with the idea of making
biomimetic devices. Ionic polymers are notable for providing large actuation strains and energy
densities while retaining exibility and toughness. While typically the mechanical
characteristics that ionic polymers share with natural muscle are limited to strains and energy
densities and do not extend to viscoelastic or activation properties, they may be capable of
playing roles analogous to natural muscle in a variety of applications.
Our idea aims to use the polymeric material which can help in making devices that are used
during surgical operation and articial muscles for human body. The key points about our ideas
are:
 They can be used as conductive circuits as articial body parts for the replacement of
damaged portion of human body. They work as link between human nerves and circuit
in articial devices (such as articial hand, leg etc.).
 They can be used as articial diaphragm for human body.
Keywords: Biomimetic, electroactive polymers, viscoelastic or activation properties.

281
Introduction to Polymer Based Magno Damper
Animesh Mishra1, Abneesh Kumar1, Kushal Gupta1and Shivam Kr. Tripathi2

1
Department of Manufacturing Technology, CIPET, Lucknow, India.
2
Department of Plastic Engineering, CIPET, Lucknow, India.
E-mail: animeshmishra1335@gmail.com
Damper absorbs and dissipates the energy (coupled with a spring to reduce amplitude of
spring vibration, which in turn will bring the spring to rest). So we are introducing a new type of
damper which are developed with the help of a specic Polymer (Foam) and set of magnets,
and they work on dual principle-
1. Force absorbance by polymer foam
2. Repulsive nature of magnet.
The Polymer foam will have branched aerial spaces (net like structure) between the foam layers
so that when the force is applied on foam, it contracts using the aerial spaces of foam leaving no
effect on the inner surfaces of cylinder (made of polyamide) in which the foam is placed,
whereas magnets are placed (co-axially between Polymer foams alternatively) in the cylinder
such that like poles face each other. These damper have many benets over other like, it has long
service life, high noise abatement, can damp vibration and shocks, has high compressibility, and
many more. This type of spring and damper nds applications in various elds.
Keywords: Polymer (Foam), magnets, spring and damper, polyamide.
282
Thermal Protection of Hypersonic Aerospace Vehicles Using ZrB2- HfB2
Sandeep Kaushal, Shantanu Sharma and Qasim Abbas

E-mail: sandeepkaushal1997@gmail.com
For thermal production of hypersonic aerospace vehicles ultra-high temperature

ceramics (UHTCs) such as Zirconium Di Boride and hafnium di boride (ZrB2, HiB2) are
proposed. The micromechanics of this based on nite element model The model recognizes that
when exposed to high temperature in air ZrB2-SiC oxidizes in to ZrB2, SiO2 and SiC-diplited
ZrB2 layer. A steady heat transfer analysis was conducted at rst and that is followed by a
thermal stress analysis. A global local modeling technic is use combining nite element with
innite element for thermal stress analysis.The thermal conductivity of liquid phase SiO2 is
observed. All other temperature depended thermal and mechanical properties were obtained
from published literature. Thermal stress concentrations occur near the pore due the geometric
discontinuity and material properties mismatch between ceramics matrix and the new products.
The predicted result indicate the development of thermal stresses in the SiO2 and ZrO2 layers and
high residual stress in the SiC depleted ZrB2 layers.
Keywords: UHTCs, Zirconium Di Boride and hafnium diboride, SiO2 and ZrO2.
283
Structural Motion Controller Using Tuned Mass Damper
Ankit Mishra, Siddharth Singh, Aman Singh and Shivani Rai

E-mail: ankitcipet16@outlook.com.com
A natural hazard is a threat of naturally occurring event will have a negative effect on
human and their life. This negative effects what we called a natural disaster. Geologic processes
effect every human on the earth all of the time but are the most noticeable when they cause loss
of life or property. Earthquake is most devastating natural climatic, unlike much of the research
done previously.
We propose a formalized method; call it Structural Motion Controller (SMC). It
works on the principle of an Oscillator. An oscillator is just a system when it displace from its
equilibrium position it experiences a restoring force. In the same way it is a device mounted in
the buildings and structures to reduce the amplitude of the vibrations by absorbing kinetic
energy from the system. A big mass (Pendulum) with a specic length hanging from very
exible supports would have a very low frequency response which compounded with the
building own swaying frequencies would move them away from those expected from the force
acting on the building. The idea of our model is to separate its natural mode of vibrations as far
as possible from the frequencies imposed by external forces acting upon them like wind and
earthquake. It's a prototype model structural motion controller which is Inexpensive, Effective
and Innovative.
The Effectiveness of SMC is dependent on the mass ratio of the SMC to the structure
itself, the ratio of the frequency of the SMC to the frequency of the structure which is ideally
equal to one, the damping ratio of the SMC tell how well the damping device dissipates energy.
Keywords: Structural Motion Controller (SMC), effectiveness of SMC, Pendulum.
284
Laminated Composite of Nylon and Jute Fibre Using Epoxy as Matrix
Parul Singh1, Richa Gautam1, Anil Singh1, Adarsh Sharma1, Shalaka Pal2
1
Department of Plastic Engineering CIPET, Lucknow, India.
2
Department of Manufacturing Technology (B. tech), CIPET, Lucknow, India.
E-mail: parulsingh0912@gmail.com
Jute bre reinforced composites, have replaced the most widely used synthetic bre
(glass) reinforced composites in many applications. In the present experimental endeavour, jute
bre-epoxy resin reinforced composites, were prepared using hand lay-up moulding process.
Jute ber reinforced epoxy composites had better exural strength, with transverse ber
distribution in the composites. Chemical characterization will remove impurities of material
and increases mechanical properties of the composite. Composites based on jute ber and
epoxy resin, was fabricated by hand lay-up technique. The mechanical properties of the
composites, such as compressive strength, exural strength and exural modulus were
measured, in dependence of ber content.
While nylon is a tough plastic and has very good impact strength, good abrasion resistance,
excellent fatigue resistance & good dimensional stability.
So, we combine both nylon & jute bre to make a hybrid composite with excellent mechanical
properties such as impact strength, tensile strength, exural strength, good dimensional
stability, good abrasion resistance and this combination of reinforcement also increases thermal
properties.By using hand lay-up technique, we make laminated composite by using nylon
mesh, short jute ber and using epoxy resin to bind these reinforcements. Final product is made
by compression moulding, as by compression these layers bind properly.
Components
 Nylon mesh
 Jute bre
 Epoxy resin
Keywords: Nylon mesh, Jute bre, Epoxy resin and jute bre.
285
Hybrid Composite of Coir and Bagasse Using Epoxy as Matrix
Richa Gautam1, Parul Singh1, Adarsh Sharma1, Shalaka Pal2, Abneesh Kumar2
1
Department of Plastic Engineering,CIPET, Lucknow, India.
2
Department of Manufacturing Technology ,CIPET, Lucknow, India.
E-mail: richa.gautam2016@gmail.com
This work emphasises the usage of short coir and bagasse bre in the production of eco-
friendly, polymeric composites. Coir bre and sugarcane bagasse bres were subjected to
chemical modications via alkaline steam explosion treatment in autoclave at high pressure,
towards the extraction of reinforcing bres of better compatibility and reinforcing
characteristics with the polymer matrix.
The treated bres were utilized in the fabrication of composite with epoxy as base
polymer. Bagasse has very high tensile strength, addition of bagasse increases tensile strength
upto three times and coir has very high exural strength and good thermal properties. The
hybrid composite made by using coir and bagasse has very good tensile and exural strength.
Thus, polymeric composites with excellent mechanical and thermal properties is developed
from waste sources of natural ber and 30% composition of ber was found benecial post
optimisation in mechanical, thermal and morphological characterisations in the added view of
maximum replacement of polymer matrix with the reinforcing ller, reduced cost of
manufacture inventory and reduction in carbon footprint per unit dimensions in comparison to
the wholly polymer component. Visual appeal of the fabricated specimen also ensures great
aesthetic value and natural texture to the nished products.
Components
 Coconut coir
 Sugarcane bagasse
 Epoxy resin
Keywords: Epoxy resin, Sugarcane Bagasse, Coconut coir.
286
Improvisation of Ordinary Glass Surface
by the Application of PET Coating
Shivaji Parashar*, Rishabh Kumar Singh, Mukul Dev Katiyar, Vishal Kumar Gupta
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India,
E-mail: pt.shiva.03@gmail.com
The objective of the complete idea is to provide an advanced shielding to an ordinary

glass surface by coating of window lm on its surface. Window lm is a thin laminate lm that
can be installed to the interior or exterior of glass surfaces in automobiles and boats and also to
the interior or exterior of glass in homes and buildings. It is usually made from Polyethylene
Terephthalate (PET) , commonly abbreviated (PET, PETE) , or the (obsolete PETP or PET-P) a
thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family, due to its clarity, tensile strength,
dimensional stability, and ability to accept a variety of surface-applied or embedded treatments.
Window lms are generically categorized by their construction components (dyed,
pigmented, metalized, ceramic or nano), by their intended use (automotive, marine or
architectural), by substrate type (glass or polycarbonate), and/or by their technical performance
(privacy, solar control, safety and security). There are many different grades, shades, colours,
and thicknesses of available window lms built to offer solutions to a variety of challenges.
Window lms are a retrot upgrade for existing glass that can be used to address problems
inherent to glazing, including:
 Heat and glare reduction
 Thermal insulation
 UV ltration
 Safety and security
 Privacy
 Decoration, Signage and branding
 Protection from grafti
Window lms are an extremely cost-effective method to reduce heating and cooling costs in
existing buildings by reducing the amount of heat transfer through glazing.
Keywords: PET, PETE, obsolete PETP or PET-P, polyester.
287
Thin Films & Coatings
Saurabh Kumar
CIPET, Lucknow, India
E-mail: sdinfotech1998@gmail.com
The manufacturing of precision optical components requires state of the art metrology.
At Advanced Thin Films, we have developed advanced methods to measure the optical
properties of our devices because measurement is fundamental to everything we do. Whether
testing extinction ratio to 45dB at 1064nm (32,000:1), verifying parallelism to less than 0.1 arc
seconds or actually certifying the maximum energy thresholds of our coatings, we believe that
the numbers don't lie. ATF also partners with universities and national laboratories to access the
most advanced measurement tools in order to provide you with the most accurate and complete
information available.
The most signicant processes for optical coating manufacture are variants of vacuum
deposition. Thermal evaporation is the traditional process and still of great importance but in the
last two decades there has been a major shift to the energetic processes, primarily ion and
plasma assisted deposition and various forms of sputtering. Vacuum processes are very exible
and so dominate short-run production but various forms of pulsed chemical vapor deposition
are just starting to appear in long runs of very specialized components. There is also a wide
range of other viable and occasionally used techniques, with various degrees of promise,
ranging from arc evaporation to liquid deposition.Thin layers of materials are used to develop
lters, increase insulation or conduction, protect them from lights or create reective surfaces.
One example is a mirror, in which a sheet of glass is bonded with a thin layer of aluminum in
order to make the surface reective. Thin lms have minimal thicknesses, ranging from
fractions of a nanometer to several micrometres. Manufacturers seeking to apply thin lms have
a host of deposition methods available to them, but the ideal method for a given application
depends on the purpose of the deposition, the surface makeup of the substrate, and the thickness
desired. There are basically two methods of deposition: chemical or physical.
Keywords: ATF, vapor deposition, thermal evaporation.
288
C Loadings via Capillary Riseinltration (CaRI)
Abhishek Gupta and Mohd Rashid Khan

Department of Plastic Engineering, CIPET, Lucknow, India
E-mail: guptaabhishek440@gmail.com
Polymer nanocomposite lms (PNCFs) with extremely high concentrations of nano

particles are important components in energy store and conversion devices and also nd use as
protective coatings in various applications. PNCFs with high loadings of nano particles,
however, are difcult to prepare because of the poor processability of polymer nano particle
mixtures with high concentrations of nano particles even at an elevated temperature. This
problem is exacerbated when anisostopic nano particles are the desired ller materials. Here
we report a straight forward method for generating PNCFs with extremely high loading of
nanoparticles.
Our methods in based on what we call capillary rise inltration (CaRI) of polymer into a
dense packing of nanoparticles.
Keywords: PNCFs, nanocomposites, anisotropic.
289
Enhancement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties
by Using Industrial Waste Product with
Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite
Shivam Kr. Tripathi, Oshi Sahu and Suraj Maurya,

Department of Plastics Engineering, CIPET, Lucknow, India
E-mail: shivamtripathi082@gmail.com
In this work, Cenosphere, which is a ceramic-rich Industrial waste product has

been considered due to the excellent properties as potential reinforcement of composite
materials. Composites of randomly chopped bamboo ber with the thermoplastic
polypropylene material were prepared and further mechanical and thermal properties were
evaluated. The compounding was carried out by using co-rotating twin screw extruder and
injection molded test samples prepared for the analysis. The composite prepared by varying the
loading of Cenosphere content of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight with coupling agent
Maleic Anhydride grafted polypropylene, Polypropylene and bamboo ber content kept
constant. The tensile, exural and hardness properties were improved with increasing
Cenosphere content and reduces the impact strength with increasing content of Cenosphere.
Thermal Properties were improved due to inherent property of Cenosphere. In the view of test
results it can be concluded that this composite could nd its application in various elds
including automobile and others.
Keywords: Cenosphere, reinforcement, composite, automobile.
290
Design and Simulation of Wind Turbine on
Rail Coaches for Power Generation
Kushal Gupta, Radha Rajput and Gyan Thakur

Department of Manufacturing Technology, CIPET, Lucknow
Email:kushal.mfg@gmail.com
Energy resources in our modern fast paced techno world are fast depleting. Hence a renewable
energy resource is much required at moment. Today, the output power from wind turbine can be utilized
in two ways, either by direct use of the mechanical shaft power through a [gearing ratio] or by letting the
wind turbine power and electrical generator and utilizing the generated power as Electrical power. This
project brings a new possibility for the utilization of the wind generator power, for various electrical
component inside a typical railway train through the battery, is charged by the wind energy hardness by a
wind turbine mounted at the top of the train coaches. This setup consists of duct, turbine and generator.
The setup is designed in such a way that it does not affect the performance of the train.
Average velocity is estimated for the train and the City about specication of generator is selected. The
theoretical calculation of the duct, turbine and pulley parameters are done and the whole setup is
designed in CATIA. Further by wearing the inlet air velocity, the speed and torque of their turbines are
being calculated using CFX. Software these parameters for use for calculating generator speed and
torque and validated by comparing with the theoretical calculation. Future advancement are discussed
and experimental verication using wind tunnel testing is proposed.
Keywords: depleting, turbine, CATIA, CFX
291
Introduction of Magnetic Generator Using Polymer
Abneesh Kumar1 Ankit Mishra2 Richa gautam

Dept. of Manufacturing Technology1, CIPET, Lucknow, India
2
Dept. of Plastic Engineering ,CIPET, Lucknow, India
E-mail: abneesh.2012@gmail.com
A generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy (or power) in to electrical

energy (or power). A magnetic generator demonstrates the principle that magnetism plus
movement produces electricity .This straightforward principle is behind the current interest in
using a magnetic generator to produce electricity for the home. We made a generator with the
help of small magnets by using its repulsive force .when we place the magnets with same pole
then it repel each other and with the help of this, These magnets slip to each other and then shaft
attached this system will rotate. When a conductor moves in a magnetic eld it cuts magnetic
lines of force, due to which an emf is induced in the conductor. Body in which small magnets are
placed they made up of polymeric material.
The shaft is mounted in cylindrical vessel and outside of cylinders surface small magnets are
placed. The dynamo is coupled with the magnetic machine so when both surfaces contact to
each other then it rotate and help to rotate the dynamo so with the help of this system electricity
will produce.
Keywords: EMF, Magnetic generator, Dynamo.
292
Edible & Biodegradable Chewing Gum
Shubham Tiwari, Surbhit Awasthi, Smriti Tiwari, Naincy Mall, Nandini Tiwari
Department of Plastic Engineering,CIPET, Lucknow
E-mail: hamwaritishub@gmail.com.
Chewing gum seems like a fairly innocuous substance—until you step on it or sit on it or
get it on clothing or ooring. Or until you are faced with removing it from sidewalks and public
places.Modern chewing gum is made with a synthetic rubber, polyisobutylene, which not only
makes it elastic, but also contributes to the obstinate, sticky quality. The gum removal industry
is ercely competitive. Several brands of steam cleaners are chewing gum–specic, and
franchises for gum removal are available nationwide. Solvents to remove chewing gum are
widely available, but they typically come in small aerosol or pump spray containers with
warnings to wear gloves and eye protection whose general composition is Gum base +
sweeteners or sugars + avorings + various auxiliary production components (colouring,
emulsier, preservative...) + ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
Modern gums consist of entirely synthetic petrol-based polymers and a host of synthetic
sweeteners and stabilizers. Aside from the obvious sustainability problems of deriving
consumer products from non-renewable resources, and the under-researched health problems,
chewing gum presents a huge problem for disposal.Chewing gums are hydrophobic (don't
dissolve in water) and have polymers that bind easily to asphalt, making removal of black wads
from pavements a costly, time-consuming exercise for local authorities. Current methods
include blasting dried chewing gum with corrosive chemicals, freezing or steaming it off.
A innovative concept for our food supplements in form of chewing gum : a 100% NATURAL
& 100% BIODEGRADABLE GUM with vegetal gum base, an ideal support to incorporate
natural active ingredients.If we want to close the materials loop and avoid sending valuable
resources to landll, nding biodegradable alternatives that can be properly reintegrated into
the ecosystem is part of the solution. Our idea is all about making a biodegradable from Gelatin
which is a base material in making capsules in medical eld.
293
A gelatin or certain comestible natural or synthetic resins or waxes are incorporated with the
gum base, and in intimate admixture therewith, may be plasticizers or softening agents, e.g.,
glycerine; avoring agents, e.g. oil of Wintergreen, oil of spearmint, oil of peppermint, licorice,
fruit avors, spice oils, etc.; or sweetening agents which may be including sucrose or dextrose
and/or they may be articial sweeteners such as cyclamates or saccharin. Other optional
ingredients may also be present.
It is found that when most avored chewing gums, such as slab gums, are chewed the
initial preception of avor appears after a minute or more at a low level, and after three or four
minutes of chewing the avor intensity drops to an uninteresting level. It is also found upon
analysis, that gum chewed for as long as thirty minutes may retain as much as 60% of the avor
initially present, and that this proportion of the avoring agent is thus not effectively used.
Keywords: Innocuous, polyisobutylene, hydrophobic, licorice.
294
Generating Electricity from Speed Breakers
1 2 3 4 5
Aman Singh , Suraj Soni , Sandeep Kumar Gupta , Alankar Gupta ,Rishi Maurya
Department Of Manufacturing Technology-CIPET Lucknow.
E-mail ID: amansingh13ssic@gmail.com
Next time on the roads, don't scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually light up
small villages off the highway. Simple contraption that can generate power when a vehicle
passes over a speed breaker., has developed a mechanism to generate power by converting the
potential energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy
The idea is basic physics. We have to weld ve-metre-long metal plates into the speed-breaker
instead of the conventional bitumen-and-stone-chip rumble strip. The plates are movable and
inclined with the help of a spring-loaded hydraulic system. The fulcrum-attached plates are
pushed down when a vehicle moves over them and bounce back to original position as it passes.
“When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in
potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip,” it means. “When the plates
come down, they crank a lever tted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism. This in turn rotates a
geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to
convert kinetic energy into electricity,” .TO evaluate the machine:“A vehicle weighing 1,000
kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt
power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every
minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single minute. The gure will
be huge at the end of the day,” as being expected. A storage module like an inverter will have to
be tted to each such rumble strip to store this electricity. The cost of electricity generation and
storage per mega watt from speed-breakers will be nearly Rs 1 crore as opposed to about Rs 8
crore in thermal or hydro power stations.
Keywords: Speed breaker, Potential energy, Kinetic energy, Ratchet-wheel.
295
Microbeads as a Curse
Ritesh, Srishti and Sudhanshu

Dept. of Manufacturing Technology, CIPET Lucknow
One of the important requisite of the global economy is plastic and this is somehow
proportional to the population growth. At the end of the life, some of its amount is mismatched
and ends up to the water bodies (say seas and oceans). Some of the factor like the environmental
stresses breaks them into microplastics. These microplastics are causing a serious threat to
Martine fauna as well as human.
The steps regarding the banning of the scrubs and plastic based shampoo's and washes
by the government of US was indeed a better step. Over the coming decades, most of the coastal
countries will suffer from this curse of plastic. A single wash is clothe is causing over 10000
particles to execute our including different types of bre and microbeads .
To get rid of such creepy things one has rst focus on what is the main cause of this. Over
millions of dollars are invested in cleaning of the cost every week throughout the world. The
basic way is to the banning of this microplastics connect. Avoiding to a latest research there
were a large number of clothe bre found in an aquatic animal. There can be many natural and
intoxic materials which can purely replace some of the microbeads contents. In regard with the
medical system of Ayurveda there are very useful beads and scrubs which can be used instead of
microplastics loaded face washes and such things. These natural beads can be from various
plants and animal products. Also, the further research is based on the development of these
beads.
Keywords: Microbeads, Microplastics, Natural beads.
296
Conversion of Waste Plastic into Fuel Oil in the Presence
of Bentonit as a Catalyst
Mukul Dev Katiyar , Raghav Parashar, Rishabh Kr. Singh, Saksham Chakrawal
B.Tech, Department of Plastics Engineering , Central Institute of Plastics Engineering
and Technology,Lucknow ,India
Email: mukuldev7497@gmail.com
The objective of the complete idea is to convert waste plastic which is available in our
day today life into fuel oil which can be used for the different purpose.in my project work I used
low density polyethylene plastic .plastic are those substances which can take many years to
decompose if dispose of simply to environment. Waste plastic should be changed into usable
resources. The different waste plastics were thermally cracked at different temperature and then
it was tried to measure the oil produced. Use of catalyst increases the quantity of fuel oil and its
properties. Then a property of plastic waste oil is compared with petrol and diesel.
After food waste and paper waste, plastic waste is the major constitute of municipal and
industrial waste in cities. Even the cities with low economic growth have started producing
more plastic waste due to plastic packaging, plastic shopping bags, PET bottles and other
goods/appliances which uses plastic as the major component. This increase has turned into a
major challenge for local authorities, responsible for solid waste management and sanitation.
Due to lack of integrated solid waste management, most of the plastic waste is neither collected
properly nor disposed of in appropriate manner to avoid its negative impacts on environment
and public health.
Keywords: Waste plastic, Food waste , Paper waste
297
Development of Railway Polymer Sleepers
Sachin Chauhan and Krishnakant Dubey

Department Of Plastics Engeering, CIPET Lucknow, India
E-mail: chauhan.sahab0911@gmail.com
Railway sleepers are structural materials, which are laid horizontally underneath tracks
to hold railway lines in place at the correct gauge. Sleeper form the stable & at support on
ground for vehicle movements. These vital commodities are produced and installed to meet the
demand of rail track expansions, track repair/ maintenance & replacement of old sleepers.
Railway sleepers or ties were earlier made of wood, but subsequently replaced by "pre-stressed
concrete" and is now widely used. Steel railway sleepers are often seen often in between wood
and concrete but are susceptible to corrosion. Construction Engineering Research Laboratories
and the US Plastic Lumber Company started developing the rst plastic composite railway
sleeper to satisfy mechanical property targets dened by the US railroad industry.
Composite is produced out of two or more constituent components having different
physical or chemical properties. When these components combine, produce a material with
characteristics different from the individual components. Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) is a
composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with bers. FRPs are commonly used
in the aerospace, automotive, marine, construction industries and ballistic armour.
Composite sleepers are produced from mixtures of plastic, rubber from used tires, waste
berglass etc & glue to fabricate a product having the pliability of wood and the durability of
concrete sleeper. Japanese manufacturer Sekisui Chemical provided brer-reinforced foamed
urethane (FFU) sleepers for the Shinkansen high-speed train. 90,000 FFU sleepers are laid
every year there. In India plastic material is considered as waste material, but it is also true that
all plastic waste cannot provide appropriate properties of composite sleepers. According to a
waste and resources action programme (WRAP2006) note that a mile of composite sleepers
uses two million plastic bottles, 8.9 million plastic bags and 10,800 post-consumer tires that
could otherwise end up in landll. The manufacturing process of composite sleepers is
expensive since it is imported from outside. The indigenous manufacturing process will become
more rened and affordable.
Keywords: Fiber-reinforced plastic, Fibrer-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU).

298
Recycling Techniques for Waste Plastics with Utilization
Akash Verma and Naresh Agrahari

Plastics Mould Technology, CIPET, Lucknow, India.
E-mail: akashverma141998@gmail.com
Plastic Recycling is a technique of recovering waste plastic and recycling it to useful

product for organic materials like plastics. Recycling is one of the strategies for end of life for
waste management of plastics it increases economically and environmentally which
demonstrate substantial rate of recovery and recycling of plastic wastes. These trends will make
some signicant challenges and in Technological as well as economic for social behaviour to
the collection of recyclable wastes and substitution of foreign materials.
Recycling of packaging materials has seen quick extent across the last two decades in a
number of countries. Progress in technologies and system for the collection classify and
reprocessing of recyclable plastics are produce new opportunities for recycling and with the
combined activity of the public and government industry, it may be possible to refresh the
majority of plastic waste from landll. We will notice current system and technology for plastics
recycling, life cycle evidence for the eco-efciency of plastic recycling and in a few wards
consider related economic and public interest issues. Space of time, recycling is technically
possible to recycle most plastic polymers.
The complexity and cost of doing so has prevented this happening in the past. Recycling
is a post –consumer plastic packaging were waste of plastics will enable for improvement in
recovery rates. Efforts are made to increase the specication of recycled grades in regard to the
replacement of virgin plastic in future. Recycling of waste plastic material is an effective way to
improve the environmental performance of the polymer industry. Recycling is an excellent
way of saving energy and conserving the environment. Reprocessing technology is constantly
improving and more uses are being found for waste plastics. The recycling process is best for
clean environment & sustainable future of the modern civilization.
Keywords: Recycling, Reprocessing technology.
299
Developed the high performance polymer from an engineer polymer
by compounding ceramics
Lokesh agrahari
Department of Plastics Engineering , Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and
Technology,Lucknow, India
Email: lokeshagrahare@gmail.com
This project aim to develop a high performance polymer from an engineering

polymer by compounding it zirconium oxide ( a metal ceramics materials).The resulting
material will replace the recent materials that nds their application in those areas of high
temperature and pressure, wear resistant area like Automotive industries , Air craft
manufacturing industries etc. in a very cost effective way.
Nylon 6 Properties:
High tensile strength as well as luster.
Hygroscopic in nature ( 2.4% of water)
M.p= 215°C
Tg =47°C
Density = 1.084g/ml
Property to be achieved by the resulting material-
Limiting oxidation index 35-40
Glass transition temperature 143-148°C
Tensile strength 90-100mpa
Youngs modulus 3.6gpa
Thermal conductivity 0.25m.k
Water absorption , 24 hours 0.01%(ASTM D570)
The results of this project supports the development of new material thus facilitates
its application in the eld of automotive and aircraft industries.
Keywords: High performance polymer, Compounding ceramics, Tensile strength
300
Polymers in Drug Delivery
Saksham Chakrawal, Raghav Parashar, Anupam Jaiswal and Mukul Dev Katiyar
Department of Plastics Engineering, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and
Technology, Lucknow, India
E-mail: anupamjaiswal162@gmail.com
Polymers are being used extensively in drug delivery due to their surface and bulk
properties.They are being used in drug formulations and in drug delivery devices. These drug
delivery devices may be in the form of implants for controlled drug delivery. Polymers used in
colloidal drug carrier systems, consisting of small particles, show great advantage in drug
delivery systems because of optimized drug loading and releasing property. Polymeric nano
particulate systems are available in wide variety and have established chemistry. Non toxic,
biodegradable and biocompatible polymers are available. Some nano particulate polymeric
systems possess ability to cross blood brain barrier. They offer protection against chemical
degradation. Smart polymers are responsive to atmospheric stimulus like change in
temperature; pressure, pH etc. thus are extremely benecial for targeted drug delivery. Some
polymeric systems conjugated with antibodies/specic biomarkers help in detecting molecular
targets specically in cancers. Surface coating with thiolated PEG, Silica-PEG improves water
solubility and photo stability. Surface modication of drug carriers e.g. attachment with PEG or
dextran to the lipid bilayer increases their blood circulation time. Polymer drug conjugates such
as Zoladex, Lupron Depot, On Caspar PEG intron are used in treatment of prostate cancer and
lymphoblastic leukemia. Polymeric Drug Delivery systems are being utilized for controlled
drug delivery assuring patient compliance.
Keywords: Polymers, Drug delivery.
301
Hydrogels and Their Application
Aashish mourya
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India.
Email: aashisa.mourya9933@gmail.com
Hydrogel products constitute a group of polymeric materials, the hydrophilic structure

of which renders them capable of holding large amounts of water in their three-dimensional
networks. The primary objective of this poster is to give concise information about hydrogels
and technical feasibility of their utilization. Hydrogels, also termed as smart and hungry
networks, are currently subject of considerable scientic research due to their potential in hi-
tech applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, bio separation, biosensor,
agriculture, oil recovery and cosmetics elds.
Application
Drug delivery
Keywords: Hydrogels, Applications.
302
Biodegradable Device Cover & Packaging Films
Surbhit Awasthi, Shubham Tiwari, Sarvagya Singh and Akash Verma

Department of Plastic Engineering, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering
& Technology, Lucknow
E-mail: surbhit1997@gmail.com.
There are a lot of products out there meant to enhance the iPhone. SD cards,
headphones, Bluetooth devices, electronic gadgets and machines… things you add on to make
the most of your mobile. Cases are probably the most popular, as they can be entirely
customized to your specications. I know I have seen some really cool ones over the past few
years, as the demand has grown. Various types of back covers available in market: 1) Plastic
cases are often used to protect the structure of a mobile phone – important in outdoor
environments such as construction sites. Mobile phone skins are often made with plastic
compounds. 2) Silicone is a manmade substance that can be used to create liquids, gels and
plastics. Silicone phone case are often designed to expand to the exact contours of the phones
they protect – in the same way naturally-found rubber would. It is lightweight and pliable, and
its shock-absorption properties make it very popular with owners of smart phones. Neoprene is
a similar yet cheaper substance that delivers many of the same properties. 3) Materials such as
cotton, polyester, and wool are used to make novelty mobile phone cases, but they offer minimal
protection from impact damage. These device covers are mainly used for the protection of
electronic devices from external damage, but the protection of such crucial things can be
possible with the help of biodegradable composites. We can use normal used tea waste and then
mixing with epoxy solution the form some composite solution. The resultant composite product
can be utilized for making device covers and also can be drawn into lms for packaging of
various product. We use this concept because generally when they broke down or after usage,
they became useless then people generally throw them which may pollute the soil and nature
and cause land lling. The new covers/lms help us to make a better and safe environment. We
can use various waste plastics (non-virgin material) to increase its strength and toughness. It
helps us to make a better and provide a easy way to use day to day life product in a better way in a
ecofriendly nature.
Keywords: Biodegradable device cover, Packaging lms.
303
Recycling Technology
Shalini verma
Cipet, lucknow
Email: Vermaashi251996@gmail.com
Recycling Technology offers waste operators sustainability as service to chemically

recycle the majority of their unsorted plastic waste back into a valuable law sulphur
hydrocarbon we call plaxx. Plaxx is offered as light oil, wax, low sulphur resource for a wide
range of industrial application. Recycling materials helps the environments reducing waste
everything from plastic bottles to carbon based packaging can be processed for use in other
products .Recycling technology that can tap waste plastic as a resource provide multiple
benets .They help clean up the environments, lesser our dependence on foreign oil ,decrease
our use of non -renewable vergin resources ,reduce green house gas emission and generate
energy. AERT in Arkanses and Verginia based Trex Recycle Polythene into outdoors decking
material, fencing and doors, window. Coca-Cola is recycling its PET bottles .Recycling
technology produces no harmful emission and uses fuel that is 30% cheaper than oil or natural
gas.
Keywords: Recycling technology, Plastic recycling.
304
Thin Film and Coating
Aman shrivastava
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow
E-mail: Amansrivastva98@gmail.com
A thin lm is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to

several micrometers in thickness. The controlled synthesis of materials as thin lms is a
fundamental step in many applications. A familiar example is the household mirror, which
typically has a thin metal coating on the back of a sheet of glass to form a reective interface.
Advance in the lm deposition techniques during the 20th century have enabled a wide range of
technological breakthroughs in areas such as magnetic recording media, electronic
semiconductor devices, LEDs, optical coatings and also for energy generation and storage. A
stack of thin lms is called a multilayer. A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an
object, usually referred to as the substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be
decorative, functional or both. An example of all of these types of coating is a product label on
many drink bottles one side has an all over functional coating and the other side has one or more
decorative coatings is an appropriate pattern to form the words and images.
Keywords: Thin lms and coating, Applications, Electronics.
305
Recycling Technology
Deepak Yadav
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow-226008
E-mail: denislee04@gmail.com
As a society, we're all aware of our over-consumption of plastic. While things like 5p
charges for carrier bags can make a difference to consumption, plastic production is
nevertheless set to double in the next 20 years. Conservative estimates suggest that in 2010
alone, 8m tonnes of plastic were thrown into our oceans. That equates to ve carrier bags of
plastic waste for every foot of coastline in the world. What has become abundantly clear is that
current recycling methods aren't effective at tackling the problem. In 2012 the EU produced
57m tonnes of plastic, of which only 6.6m tonnes were recycled (mostly high-quality drinks and
milk bottles). The rest, known as Mixed Plastic Waste (MPW), was land lled, incinerated for
its energy or discarded. There's a reason that the three Rs go in this order: Reduce, Reuse, and
Recycle. To truly reduce your environmental impact, recycling should be the last step after
you've exhausted the other two options. Let's be clear. Recycling is amazing. It allows the
materials in otherwise one-use objects to go on to become something new and saves resources
over sourcing new materials, but the unfortunate part of recycling is that it is water- and energy-
intensive. Typically, plastic is washed with detergents and then ground into smaller pieces or
beads. Those pieces then have to be dried in order to crystallize, which involves exposing it to
180 degree Celsius heat and then cooling it back down with water. The need of the hour is the
reduction of the water wastage. A new process developed in Mexico recycles plastics with zero
water. It is able to form the plastic beads with no excessive temperatures either, meaning that the
technology not only saves water, but uses half the energy of conventional recycling methods.
The water-free method can process more than 90 percent of any type of plastic, including
styrofoam, polystyrene, PET and ABS. Because it is a simpler method, it requires less space
and, also the beads produced are of a higher quality. This technology utilizes special walls that,
"on contact, are able to both mold the plastic into the desired pellet shape and cool those pellets
at the same time," in place of high temperatures and water baths. The next step is to replace the
lye detergent that is used with a special bio detergent that would make the process even safer and
cheaper.
Keywords: Plastics recycling technology.
306
Sensors and Actuators
Mohammad Zaid
Plastic Engineering, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow,]\
Uttar Pradesh, India.
E-mail: zaid.md02@gmail.com
Modern era is the era of technological advancement. Almost everything is getting better
day by day. For improving the working of machines and devices and reducing human effort,
different technologies are being used. Sensors are one of those devices which are working in this
eld. A sensor can be dened as an electronic component, module, or subsystem whose purpose is
to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics,
frequently a computer processor. There are over hundred types of sensors. Some of them are
mentioned below: (1) Electrical current, electrical potential and radio sensors, (2) Whether,
moisture, and humidity sensors, (3) Flow and uid velocity sensors, (4) Position, angle, speed,
velocity, displacement and distance sensors, (5) Optical Sensors, (6) Thermal, Heat,
Temperature sensors etc.
Actuators is dened as a component of a machine that is responsible for moving or controlling a
mechanism or system, for example by actuating (opening or closing) a valve; in simple terms, it
is a "mover". An actuator is the mechanism by which a control system acts upon an
environment. The control system can be simple (a xed mechanical or electronic system),
software-based (e.g. a printer driver, robot control system), a human, or any other input.
Examples of actuators: (1) Comb drive, (2) Electric Motor, (3) Electro active polymer, (4)
Solonoid, (5) Hydraulic Cylinder etc.
Keywords: Sensors, Actuators and Electronics.
307
High Performance Polymers
Atulya Mishra, Roohullah Parvez, Vinay Yadav

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226008
E-mail: roohullah18@outlook.com
High Performance Polymers are used extensively in the most demanding applications,
and everyday millions of people rely on products that contain such polymers, from airplanes
and cars, to smart phones & medical devices and oil & gas platforms. The global demand for
High Performance Polymers is growing due to the need to improve energy efciency, reduce
natural resource depletion, produce thinner, smaller and smarter electronic devices, and support
a growing, ageing population. High performance polymers is needed and used in everyday life:
In the aerospace market High Performance Polymers are replacing metals due to the continue
need to reduce weight and improve fuel efciency, while allowing for simplied manufacture, a
faster assembly and a long and reliable service life for aircraft. The high temperature, high
chemical resistance of High Performance Polymers lends itself to extreme environments such
as those found in the oil and gas industry. In such extreme environments, only these materials
deliver the combination of properties required, such as exceptional heat, chemical and wear
resistance, high strength and stiffness, dimensional stability, predictability and long term
reliability. Another rapid expanding market for High Performance Polymers is the electronics
sector. Here the demand for higher performance, portability, wireless/high frequency, and
longer life, as well as concerns about the environment, are all shaping the way electronic parts
are designed and what materials are used. To this sector High Performance Polymers provide
electronic components with an exceptional combination of strength and wear properties
resulting in greater part functionality, reliability and cost savings for designer. Similarly to the
medical implantable sector, we have seen the emergence of High Performance Polymers
solutions in dentistry. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dental solutions have cemented their role
as the material of choice for temporary abutments and healing caps. The excellent soft tissue
behaviour of PEEK combined with its mechanical performance and biocompatibility made it
the material of choice for such temporary applications, but the material has remained somewhat
under-exploited.
Keywords: High performance polymers, Applications, Aerospace, etc.

308
Polynorbornenes(PNB)
Sumit Srivastav, Shipra Srivastava and Rahul Tiwari

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar-Pradesh 226003
E-mail: sumitsrvstv8@gmail.com
Polynorbornenes are high performance polymer. Polymers derived from

norborene. It is an amorphous polymer with high thermal stability, optical transparency and low
dielectric constant. It's a elastomer thermoset. Polynorbornene has been found to be an excellent
binder for the preparation of solid fuel materials and solid propellents. Mixtures of
Polynorbornene with liquid fuel material can contain more of the liquid fuel material and still
exist in the form of tough rubbery polymer which has excellent burning characteristics as a solid
fuel. PNB can absorb very large amount of oil of its own weight. The bicyclic variation of
Polynorbornene is a polymer currently under investigation for number of application, including
deep ultraviolet photo resists and inter level dielectrics in microelectronics application. Newly
developed a multi-mode polymer optical waveguide with Polynorbornene has extremely low
optical loss.
Keywords: Polynorbornenes, High performance polymer.
309
Nanotechnology Integration
Rahul Tiwari
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology,Lucknow
E-mail: tiwarirahul038@gmail.com
Nanotechnology is an exciting technological advancement that has the potential to

contribute signicantly to the future of plastic. Through nanotechnology, special
nanocomposites can be created that will be more dent, heat, and scratch resistant. Yet, the
thermoplastic resins used to create the plastic can still be processed with the same equipment
currently used to process resins. Through the use of nanotechnology, the plastics industry hopes
to achieve several amazing new accomplishments. For example, it may be possible to create
auto body paints that are completely scratch-resistant. Or, many materials and products
currently in use can be reduced further in size while improving efciency. Memory chips the
size of a postage stamp, yet capable of holding the data equivalent to 25 DVD's, is also on the
horizon through the use of nanotechnology. Similarly, solar panels that can be manufactured at a
much lower cost then they currently are may be able to be produced with nanotechnology.
Currently, nanotechnology is used in the creation of numerous materials. Materials reinforced
through nanotechnology are used in thermoplastics, as they are capable of resisting heat, are
ame retardant, provide dimensional stability, and are capable of conducting electricity. These
nanocomposites are used in such places as the body side molding of vehicles, automotive
parties, and fuel-line components. They are also used with hard drives in order to make them
more conductive. Plastic nanotubes are also being created with nanotechnology. These
nanocomposites are generally 50 to 150 nanometers in diameter and are used to conduct
electricity. While these nanotubes have the current carrying capacity of copper, they are
extremely exible. They are also very lightweight and durable. This technology is expected to
be able to lead to the creation of conductive paints, caulks, coatings, sealants, bers, and
adhesives. The thick sheets and tubes are also considered to be potentially valuable to the
automotive, aerospace, and chemical industries. Finally, special nanocomposite foams have
already been created. Over time, these foams will likely replace solid plastic because they are
much lighter, yet look the same as solid plastics. Potential uses for these foam nanocomposites
include coffee cups, fast food containers, home insulation, carpet padding, disposable diapers,
seat cushions, and packaging material.
310
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Applications, Packaging.
311
Biodegradable Films for Food Packaging
Kartik Shukla, Manish, Ankit, Brijesh

Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003
E-mail: Karteek.shukla@gmail.com
Food packaging is concerned with the preservation and protection of all types of foods
and their raw materials, particularly from oxidative and microbial spoilage and also to extend
their shelf-life characteristics. Increased use of synthetic packaging lms has led to serious
ecological problems due to their total non-biodegradability. So, we are working on Polymer
cross-linking and graft copolymerization of natural polymers with synthetic monomers for
biodegradable packaging lms. Although their complete replacement for synthetic plastics is
just impossible to achieve but a part of it or up to some percentage biodegradability of these
lms may be increased. From few months we were making LDPE/starch phthalates (stath)
blends and PP/starch blends with malic anhydride. In which Blends of LDPE containing upto
30% starch were prepared and the latter was gradually replaced by stath. It was observed that the
tensile strength and elongation at break increased while the modulus decreased as the starch was
substituted by stath. Morphology of binary LDPE/stath blends showed improved adhesion
leading to enhanced mechanical properties compared to LDPE/starch blends. DSC analysis
showed no signicant change in the Tm of LDPE by incorporation of 30% stath in spite of a
wide difference in the Tm of the two components. In the blend of PP/starch as they were not
compatible with each other we were tested many compatibilizer in which the blend with malic
anhydride addition, presents the best combination of properties. The maleic anhydride blends
have larger modules and tensile strength then the one with citric acid. Acid addition leads to acid
residual, its plays as plasticizers and reduced interaction among macromolecules which results
in decrease of mechanical property.
Keywords: Biodegradable Films, Food Packaging, LDPE/starch phthalates lms.
312
Development of Fluorescent Polymers to Detect Traces of Explosives
Shambhavi Mishra ,Shreya Mathur And Akansha Saroj

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering And Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
E-mail: shambhavimishra1997@gmail.com
Fluorescent polymers are functional macromolecules with enormous important

applications involving the elds of uorescent probe, smart polymer machines, uorescent
molecular thermometers, uorescent imaging, drug delivery carriers, etc. During the past
several decades, there is an enormous demand for uorescent materials and research on
uorescent polymers has gathered importance in the elds of materials and life science.
Research on uorescent polymers is focused on the formation and photoluminescene of
uorescent polymers with new architecture. Our research is on how the uorescent polymers
can be used to detect traces of explosive devices. Bomb plots could be prevented with the help of
a portable system for detecting traces of high explosives using uorescent polymers
nanoparticles. Coated on paper these polymers display an explosive detection performance for
more robust than previous materials with similar properties. These uorescent polymers light
emission dims when exposed to vapours of molecules such as, TNT that contains nitro groups -
the nitrogen rich structure that gives high explosives their energetic properties. These explosive
detecting uorescent polymers have been developed earlier but it was not a success since some
lost part of their uorescence in solid form through a process called aggregation caused
quenching and other lacked the necessary porosity for explosives, vapour penetration (worked
only when it was around 2.5 nanometers thin which would be very difcult to fabricate
cheaply). The development of polymers like poly(triphenylethene) (PTriPE) and
poly(tetraphenylethene)(PTPE) have paved a new way to detect explosive materials. They have
high porosity and high nitro group sensitivity. The polymers have bulky phenyl groups which
helps them keep rigid and maximize light emission. But in the presence of nitro-groups,
electron transfer between polymer and analyte rapidly quenches the light. Paper sensors
fabricated by absorbing the polymers nanomaterials on to lter paper showed high sensitivity
for nnitro-compound particles. PTriPE detects TNT at a concentration of ve parts per billion,
even in polymer layers 1000 nanometers thick. This technology could be used at airports, ports
and for border control for detecting explosives in any explosive contaminated containers,
clothing, bags or boxes. They could detect ngerprints contaminated with traces of high
explosives.
Keywords: Fluorescent Polymers, Explosives, Poly(triphenylethene) (PTriPE),

Poly(tetraphenylethene) (PTPE).
313
Toughening of Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites Modied with
Silica Nanoparticles and Epoxidized Natural Rubber
with the Blend of Cenosphere.
Arun kumar Gupta1 , Ashish Varshney1, Rishabh Kushwaha1, Jitendra Singh1 \

2
and Ved Prakash Patel
1
Department of Plastics Engineering, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology,
Lucknow 226008,UP ,India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raj Kumar Goel Engineering College, Pilkhuwa,
245304 UP ,India
E-mail: arung3075@gmail.com
Silica nanoparticles (SN) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were used as binary
component llers in toughening diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured cycloaliphatic
polyamine. For a single component ller system, the addition of ENR resulted in signicantly
improved fracture toughness (KIC) but reduction of glass transition temperature (Tg) and
modulus of epoxy resins. On the other hand, the addition of SN resulted in a modest increase in
toughness and Tg but signicant improvement in modulus. Combining and balancing both
llers in hybrid ENR/SN/epoxy systems exhibited improvements in the Young's modulus and
Tg, and most importantly the KIC. Evidence through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
transmission optical microscopy (TOM) revealed that cavitation of rubber particles with matrix
shear yielding and particle debonding with subsequent void growth of silica nanoparticles were
the main toughening mechanisms for the toughness improvements for epoxy. The fracture
toughness enhancement for hybrid nanocomposites involved an increase in damage zone size in
epoxy matrix due to the presence of ENR and SN, which led to dissipating more energy near the
crack-tip region. Cenosphere creates bubble which strengthen the epoxy hybrid nanocomposite
as well as improve its thermal properties. Cenosphere is the by product of coal combustion. It
generally contains silica, alumina with fumed air or silica.
Keywords: Epoxy, Cenosphere, Silica nanoparticles, Epoxidized Natural Rubber.
314
Recycling Technology Converting Plastics Waste to Fuel
Tarun Chandra
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and technology, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh-226003.
E-mail: tchandra226@gmail.com
Over 500 million pound of new plastics are manufactured each year. Roughly 33% of
that is single use and thrown away. As so little plastics are recycled, we need to reframe plastics
waste as an underused resource Vs one that's destined for landll. We need to stop polluting our
oceans and land before it's too late. All around the globe companies and individuals are starting
to produce fuel from waste plastics.As only 8% is recycled in US, 15% in Western Europe, and
much less in developing countries. This reuse of plastics could potentially keep enormous
amounts of plastic out of landlls and out of the oceans. How Plastics waste is turned into fuel-
The Technology is not overly complicated. Plastics are shredded and then heated in an oxygen-
free chamber (known as pyrolysis) to about 400 degrees Celsius. In Nigeria Falls machine is
named as 'Plastic Eating Monster' As the plastic boil gas is separated out and often reused to fuel
machine itself. The fuel is then distilled and ltered because the entire process Takes place in the
vacuum and the plastic is melted not burned, minimal to no resultant toxins are released in the
air. All the gases or sludge are reused to fuel in the machine. Cynar in the UK likes to call their
products "End of life Plastic to Disel) or ELPD. Their Technology converts mixed plastics waste
into synthetic fuels that are cleaner, low in sulphur and in the case of the diesel, higher cetane
than generic diesel fuel. It's only now, with the "Plastic to oil Technology"or P2O that there is a
solution that it is not economically viable, but that is remarkably simple and"green" as well.
P2oil is the Clean energy company that recycles waste plastics into liquid fuels. plastic 2Oilinc.
has pioneered the development of process that derives ultra- clean, ultra-low sulphur fuel
,directly from unwashed, unsorted waste plastics.
Keywords: Recycling technology, Plastics wastes, Fuel.
315
Improvisation of Ordinary Glass Surface
by the Application of PET Coating
Rishabh Kumar Singh, Shivaji Parashar, Mukul Dev Katiyar, Raghav Parashar
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India,
E-mail: rks12347777@gmail.com
The objective of the complete idea is to provide an advanced shielding to an ordinary

glass surface by coating of window lm on its surface. Window lm is a thin laminate lm that
can be installed to the interior or exterior of glass surfaces in automobiles and boats and also to
the interior or exterior of glass in homes and buildings. It is usually made from Polyethylene
Terephthalate (PET) , commonly abbreviated (PET, PETE), or the (obsolete PETP or PET-P) a
thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family, due to its clarity, tensile strength,
dimensional stability, and ability to accept a variety of surface-applied or embedded treatments.
Window lms are generically categorized by their construction components (dyed, pigmented,
metallized, ceramic or nano), by their intended use (automotive, marine or architectural), by
substrate type (glass or polycarbonate), and/or by their technical performance (privacy, solar
control, safety and security). There are many different grades, shades, colors, and thicknesses of
available window lms built to offer solutions to a variety of challenges. Window lms are a
retrot upgrade for existing glass that can be used to address problems inherent to glazing,
including: Heat and glare reduction, Thermal insulation, UV ltration, Safety and security,
Privacy, Decoration, Signage and branding, Protection from grafti. Window lms are an
extremely cost-effective method to reduce heating and cooling costs in existing buildings by
reducing the amount of heat transfer through glazing.
Keywords: PET coating, Glass.
316
Recycling of Plastics
Apurv Singh1, Radhe Shyam1, Shivam Sohane1 and Abhishek Gaur2

1
Department of Plastics Engineering, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology,
Lucknow-226008 U.P India.
2
Department Of Manufacturing Technology, Central Institute Of Plastics Engineering &Technology,
Lucknow-226008 U.P India.
E-mail: aprvwithu@gmail.com
Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight and durable materials, which can readily be
moulded into a variety of products that nd use in a wide range of applications. As a
consequence, the production of plastics has increased markedly over the last 60 years.
However, current levels of their usage and disposal generate several environmental problems.
Around 4 per cent of world oil and gas production, a non-renewable resource, is used as
feedstock for plastics and a further 3–4% is expended to provide energy for their manufacture. A
major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable items of packaging or
other short-lived products that are discarded within a year of manufacture. These two
observations alone indicate that our current use of plastics is not sustainable. In addition,
because of the durability of the polymers involved, substantial quantities of discarded end-of-
life plastics are accumulating as debris in landlls and in natural habitats worldwide. Recycling
is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts and represents
one of the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today. Recycling provides opportunities
to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste requiring disposal.
Here, we briey set recycling into context against other waste-reduction strategies, namely
reduction in material use through down gauging or product reuse, the use of alternative
biodegradable materials and energy recovery as fuel. While plastics have been recycled since
the 1970s, the quantities that are recycled vary geographically, according to plastic type and
application. Recycling of packaging materials has seen rapid expansion over the last decades in
a number of countries. Advances in technologies and systems for the collection, sorting and
reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities for recycling, and with the
combined actions of the public, industry and governments it may be possible to divert the
majority of plastic waste from landlls to recycling over the next decades.
Keywords: Plastics recycling, Plastic packaging, Environmental impacts, Waste management,

Chemical recycling, Energy recovery.
317
Development of Photodegradable Plastic Packaging
Siddharth Pandey, Ashwani Tiwari and Md.Bilal Khan

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Lucknow
E-mail: psid1407@gmail.com
Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight and durable materials, which can readily be
moulded into a variety of products that nd use in a wide range of applications. As a
consequence, the production of plastics has increased markedly over the last 60 years.
However, current levels of their usage and disposal generate several environmental problems.
Around 4 per cent of world oil and gas production, a non-renewable resource, is used as
feedstock for plastics and a further 3–4% is expended to provide energy for their manufacture. A
major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable items of packaging or
other short-lived products that are discarded within a year of manufacture. These two
observations alone indicate that our current use of plastics is not sustainable. In addition,
because of the durability of the polymers involved, substantial quantities of discarded end-of-
life plastics are accumulating as debris in landlls and in natural habitats worldwide.
Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts and
represents one of the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today. Recycling provides
opportunities to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste
requiring disposal. Here, we briey set recycling into context against other waste-reduction
strategies, namely reduction in material use through down gauging or product reuse, the use of
alternative biodegradable materials and energy recovery as fuel.
While plastics have been recycled since the 1970s, the quantities that are recycled vary
geographically, according to plastic type and application. Recycling of packaging materials has
seen rapid expansion over the last decades in a number of countries. Advances in technologies
and systems for the collection, sorting and reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new
opportunities for recycling, and with the combined actions of the public, industry and
318
governments it may be possible to divert the majority of plastic waste from landlls to recycling
over the next decades. And the solution for that is the usage of photodegradable plastic
packaging by which the litter occurred due to the plastic packaging can be easily removed or can
say degrade. Photodegradable plastic is usually made of oil-based polymers, just like ordinary
plastic. It either has bonds in its structure that can be weakened and broken by sunlight, or it
contains a chemical additive which absorbs light and then attacks the polymer and breaks some
of the bonds. There are two distinct types of biodegradable plastic. They are: Oxo-
biodegradable - made from polymers such as PE and PP, containing extra ingredients (which do
not include heavy metals) designed according to ASTM D6954 or BS 8472 to degrade and
biodegrade in the open environment leaving no harmful residues. By using this we the
photodegradable BOPP lms and using it for the packaging we reduce the problem occurring of
w a s t e r e l a t e d t o t h e p l a s t i c p a c k a g i n g .
Keywords: Photodegradable plastics Packaging.
319
Study of Conducting Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
Thin Films Used for Thermoelectric power Generation
Abhay Shukla, Mansi

Department of Plastic Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology,
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
E-mail: abhayshukla.creative@gmail.com
In the present article, we studied the thermal conductivity of Ultra High Molecular
Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) lms and utilization of that heat in generation of electric
power with the help of thermoelectric generators. The fabrication platform is based on sol-gel
process accompanied by stretching process. Polymers have low thermal conductivities
compared to metal. Traditional methods for improving thermal conductivity of polymers were
focused on incorporating a high thermal conductive additive (such as carbon nanotubes).
However due to high interfacial resistance between polymer matrix and additive, thermal
conductivity enhancement is limited to one order of magnitude. A single polymer chain can
have a very high thermal conductivity since it behaves like a one-dimensional conductor. It is
investigated that substantial enhancement in thermal conductivity of bulk polymer can be
achieved by alignment of polymer chains. As a result an individual polymer chain can have very
-1 -1
high (300 Wm K ) or even divergent (in some cases) thermal conductivity. Structural
characterization of these lms performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) suggests highly aligned polymer
chains & crystallinity greater than 99%. The Angstrom method is utilized to measure thermal
conductivity of these lms along the drawing direction. Due to the high thermal conductivity of
UHMWPE thin lms we can use it in the generation of electric current with the help of
thermoelectric generator from roads.
Keywords: Conducting UHMW Polyethylene Thin Films, Thermoelectric power
320
Nano Functional Surfaces for Control of the Biological Interface
(Stopping Internal Bleeding)
Ankit Kumar Thakur, Shivaji and Prashant Dixit

Department of Plastics Engineering, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and
Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
E-mail: ank05091998@gmail.com
Biomaterials support, repair or protect the human body. The surface of the biomaterial
interacts with the body's immune system, or for external devices with pathogens. Control of the
surface and how it interacts with the biological system is essential for effectiveness in its
intended application. This project aims to develop innovative strategies for surface
ctionalisation using polymers that can either augment or attenuate the body's response to the
material. The projects will build effective pathways from materials science to pre-clinical
evaluation, and will provide training in synthetic chemistry, biomaterials science and pre-
clinical testing. We have thought of developing a polymer foam that can be injected into an
abdominal cavity. Once inside, it expands and puts pressure on internal organs to stop their
bleeding. The foam, which can be easily removed by doctors once the wounded soldier is taken
to a medical facility, signicantly reduces blood loss and heightens the rate of survival,
especially during the rst and critical hour after an injury. Tests showed that the foam stopped
blood ow from a liver injury for three hours.
Keywords: Biomaterials, Internal bleeding.
321
Study of Low Temperature Resistant Bio Based HTPB Based polyurethanes
Mayank Singh, Smita Mathur and Vijai Kumar

Department of Plastic Engineering, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and
E-mail: mayanksingh589@gmail.com
Polyurethane is a polymer composed of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane)

links. Polyurethane polymers are traditionally and most commonly formed by reacting a di- or
poly-isocyanate with a polyol. The scientist Otto Bayer rst invented polyurethanes in 1937 in
Germany. Due to ease of tailoring and extensive choice of basic monomers, polyurethane (PU)
proves itself as a unique class of condensation polymers which can be used to replace the
conventional paint, cotton, wood, metal, and rubber etc. Its traditional applications are dened
and showed the great up thrust into new elds in the aerospace, surface coatings, automotive
industries, foams, bers, adhesives, varnishes, sealants and elastomers. Basically,
polyurethanes are manufactured by using petrochemicals. However, most synthetic
polyurethanes are not compatible with the environment since they cannot be part of natural
recycling system and possess limited availability. Therefore, researchers nowadays are keen to
replace petroleum chemicals with renewable resources to develop biodegradable
polyurethanes. Recently, polyurethanes (PUs) have attracted attention as promising
biodegradable polymer candidates for various applications. The primary objective of present
study is to synthesize polyurethane from two different monomers one derived from biomass is
Castor oil and second is Hydroxy Terminated Polybutadiene HTPB are selected as raw
materials. Castor oil is one of the raw natural materials that can be used for producing PU. It is
one of the most useful and economically important non-edible and non-volatile natural
vegetable oil. It has hydroxyl functionality that is suitable in isocyanate reaction to make
polyurethane elastomers. These unique properties of castor oil make it useful for many
polyurethane industries. For example, Somani et al. used castor oil-based PU as binders for
surface coatings industries and for wood-to-wood bonding. In this work, novel bio-polymer
based PU binder will be synthesized from castor oil-polyol and HTBP reacting with Toluene
Diisocyanate (TDI) to form polyurethane as alternative renewable material for polymer.
Finally, Samples will be prepared in dumbbell shape and there low & high temperature (-80ºc to
120 ºc) mechanical properties will be studied by Instron UTM machine attached with
environmental chamber. The samples formed will be tested as per ISO 14855-1:2012.
Keywords: Polyurethane, HTPB.

322
A Review on Biodegradability Testing Methodology of Plastics
Shivi Kesarwani, Mayank Singh, Smita Mathur and Vijai Kumar

Department of Plastic Engineering, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and
Technology (CIPET), Lucknow (U.P.), INDIA
E-mail: shivikesarwani23@gmail.com
During the past decade the intense use of modern plastics, combined with their
enormous stability, has created serious problems with plastic waste, with the main problems
being caused by plastic packaging. As possible alternative waste management strategies to land
lling, incineration or plastics recycling are not optimal and remain the subject of much
controversy and discussion among both scientists and the public. Here, Biodegradability of
plastics comes into a broader picture to make us understand severity of the current situation i.e.
plastic waste. What is Biodegradation or Biodegradability of plastic materials. According to the
denition(s), it can be stated as the bio-chemical transformation of plastic materials by
microorganisms and enzymes or mineralization or incorporation into microbial biomass (such
as CO2, H2O, CH4, CO etc.). Also, Some Bacteria have developed the ability to degrade plastics.
This has already happened with nylon: two types of nylon eating bacteria, avobacteria and
pseudomonas, were found in 1975 to possess enzymes (nylonase) capable of breaking down
nylon. Biodegradation of plastics by microorganisms and enzymes seems to be the most
effective process. But for a better evaluation of their biodegradability, it should not only be
based on their chemical structure, but also on their physical properties (melting point, glass
transition temperature, crystallinity, storage modulus etc.). Therefore, for a proper
classication of biodegradabilityof plastic materials we should have a good understanding
about the techniques that can be used to measure it (i.e. the biodegradability of plastic(s)). In this
review article, different methodsof biodegradabilitytesting of plastics (including ISO& ASTM
standards testing procedures) and some factors that affect biodegradability of plastics are
discussed.
323
Keywords: Plastics biodegradability, Biodegradation testing.
324
Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Titanium and
Methyl Methacrylate by In Situ Polymerization
Gulshan Kumar and Smita Mathur

Department of Plastic Engineering, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and
E-mail: kumargulshan603@gmail.com
Refractive index is an important optical property of a medium. It plays an important role

in many areas of material science with special reference to thin lms and laments technology.
Optical bers are the best examples of usage of refractive index for data transfer from one place
to other. Among polymer materials PMMA has excellent optical properties and refractive index
of the border of 1.489- 1.491. This study is about increasing the refractive index of composite
of PMMA and nano titania. It summarizes the present state of nanocomposite of PMMA/TiO2
.Poly methyl methacrylate–Nano Titania (PMMA/TiO2) nanocomposites will we prepared via
in situ bulk polymerization using preparation techniques. also we explain with the help of graph
refractive indices of PMMA increases with increasing doping different percentage. Among
polymer materials, PMMA is well known as a polymeric glass with a wide range of application.
Use of PMMA offers two fold advantages such as availability to carboxylate functional group
for a chemical bonding with the metal ions and high solubility of PMMA in solvent.
Keywords: Nano Titanium, Methyl Methacrylate, In Situ Polymerization.
325
Industry 4.0: Application in Plastic Industry
Aishwary Pratap Singh , Amit kumar , Mayankmanjuldubey , Shalini Chauhan

Department of Manufacturing Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering
and Technology, Lucknow , India
E-mail: aishwarypratap21@gmail.com
Industry 4.0 presents a paradigm shift in the eld of manufacturing intelligent machines
that could crunch in data about preferences for shapes and design and give direction to
production machines to manufacture such design.
What if you could get the kind of bottle shape you desire?
Machinery manufacturers are also moving forward offering features like remote services,
machine simulation and data acquisition.
Intelli- gate integration system for blow moulding machines links automatically set up all
downstream equipments. Perhaps this will help to meet greater productivity. Some of
innovative moulders are taking advantage of industry 4.0 to add value, improve efciency and
enhance process reliability.
Keywords: Moulds, Plastic industry.
326
Environmental Friendly Bio-Toilet System
Abhinav Tripathi, Shubham Yadav, Kritika Singh and Sanju Kushwaha.

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
E-mail:abhinavtripathi20101996@gmail.com
Bio Toilet is a complete waste management solution which reduces solid human waste
to bio gas & water, with the help of bacterial inoculum. Generally we have conventional toile
system used in our indian railways which means direct dumping of the human waste on the
railway track .In case of bio toilet we have biological decomposition of human waste inside bio
digester tank with the help of anaerobic bacteria. the bio digester are cylindrical or square in
structure with the provision of inlet for human waste and outlet of bio gas. it discharges
processed waste on the track. Bio- digester can be designed of mild steel and bre reinforced
plastic (FRP). Fibre Reinforced is a composite material made up of a polymer matric reinforced
plastic. the bre are usually glass, carbon, aramid or basalt. This also decrease the overall cost of
the system and it also needs less maintenance cost.
Keywords: Bio-toilet, FRP.
327
Smart Materials
Shalini Chauhan, Chhavi Varshney, Ekta and Aishwarya Pratap Singh

E-mail: chauhanshalini987@gmail.com
Advanced materials has discovered natural and man-made materials with unusual
properties called smart materials. Smart materials technologies are the key of 21st century as a
competitive advantage. Smart materials is dened as any materials that is capable of being
controlled such that its responses and properties such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH,
electric or magnetic elds can be signicantly changed in a controlled fashionby a external
stimuli. Smart materials will play a critical role in building technology development. These
materials can perform like a living system. Smart materials helps to controlled the whole system
by analysising the data researching appropriate conclusion and determining the action
requirement. The implementations of smart materials such as Piezoelectric Lead Zirconate
Titanata (PZT) in SHM technique. Piezoelectric effects based nanogenerator technology that
converts existing sources of non-polluting energies such as vibrational and mechanical energy
from the nature of wind and waves into innite electrical energy harvesting technology.
Chromogenic switchable glazing or smart windows have an important role to playing future
glazing. The function of smart windows is to control the ow of light and heat into and out of
glazing according to occupant comfort. Chromogenic is probably one of the most existing and
complicated topic in the eld of galzing. Smart materials have a bright future. A good memories
that money can't buy. Memory will soon play a key role in the way that many types of products
are designed and assembled in future.
Keywords: Smart materials, Applications.
328
Development of Nanopolymers for Stainless Cloths
Hardick Upadhyay, Jitendra Patel, Chavi Varshney and Mahendra Vikram gaur
Department of manufacturing technology , CIPET Lucknow,lucknow,India
E-mail: hardickupadhyay008@gmail.com
Nanotechnology has become an interesting role in nanopolymer technology.

Nanofabrication are textiles engineered with small particles that give ordinary materials
advantageous properties such as suoerhyrophobicity( extreme water not stuccoes and and repels
most of the liquid . In this technology there are sets of micro structures that repels the liquid by
high surface tension. The nano structure in this type of materials to rejects the particles of
hydrogen . when the water hits the structure the hydrogen molecules repels and its rolling off.
ber that has a width of less than 1000 nanometers (1000 nm or 1 μm) is generally dened as a
nanober. A nanoparticle is dened as a small group of atoms or molecules with a radius of less
than 100 nanometers (100 nm).[10] Particles on the nanoscale have a very high surface area to
volume ratio, whereas this ratio is much lower for objects on the macroscopic scale. A high
relative surface area means that a large proportion of a particle's mass exists on its surface, so
nanobers and nanoparticles show a greater level of interaction with other materials. The high
skin-deep area to volume ratio observed in very small particles is what makes it possible to
create many special properties exhibited by nanofabrics.
Keywords: Nanopolymers, Stainless cloths.
329
Analysis of Hydrological System to Improve the Power
Tanveer Alam, Aman Khan, NiteshGupta, and Sudhirchauhan

Department of Manufacturing Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering &
E-mail: tanveeralam015@gmail.com
Hydraulic system are most widely used in industry like for roller ,cement industry and
equipment's etc. used for high force movements to obtain motion in the process. And in the large
scale industries all the facilities are provided for maintaining the efciency of the hydraulic
system, since they have investments and experienced personals. While on the other hand small
scale industries don't have all the facilities and even they run their hydraulic systems for
prolonged hours without caring about maintenance procedures so it results in the breakdown
and early failure such that quality of oil will not be maintained and the desired effect of motion
will not be obtained effectively. So to maintain the effectiveness of the system for quality
operation a case of one of the industries is taken where a hydraulic system is working in pellet
plant such that the readymade manufactured extension equipment don't ts because of a random
case therefore we looking forward to design an extension system for the available data recorded
and the identity problems.
Keywords: Hydraulic system, Industry problem.
330
Polyetherimide (PEI) Nanocomposites Reinforced
With Nanosilica Particles
Abrar Ahamad, K.N. Pandey, R.M. Mishra

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India-226008
E-mail: abrar0507@gmail.com
Nanosilica has an edge over commercial micro silica as a reinforcing agent owing to its
better dispersion capability in polymer matrix. Keeping this in mind an attempt has been made
to develop nanocomposites based on polyetherimide (PEI) reinforced with varied loadings of
modied nanosilica using melt mixing process with the help of co-rotating twin screw extruder.
The developed nanocomposites have been characterized by various advanced analytical
instrument like (SEM, TGA, XRD, UTM) for their thermal and morphological and mechanical
characteristics. It has been found that there is remarkable enhancement in various mechanical
properties due to incorporation of nanosilica particles in PEI matrix.
Keywords: PEI, SEM, Tensile Property, TGA, XRD
331
The Future of Roads: Plastic Roads
Vaibhav Raghuvanshi, Rishabh Kumar, Atul Kumar Chandra, Faraz Ahmad

E-mail:vaibhavraghuvanshi244@gmail.com
Plastic was a revolutionary invention but due to its non-biodegradable nature it is a big
threat to nature, but by the help of a new concept we can use waste plastic in making roads.
These roads consist of household plastic waste like cup, bottles, bags made up of polyvinyl
chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polypropylene. Firstly this waste is
shredded into very small pieces and then melted at around 170 degree Celsius and then mixed
with bitumen. The amount of plastic added is 8% of bitumen. It is then rolled by rollers of 8
tones capacity at around 100-110 degree Celsius. A few projects of plastic roads have been
completed in India, for example Jamshedpur Utility and Services Company (JUSCO) has
constructed 15 km road in steel city. The Indian Centre for Plastics in Environment (ICPE) has
been supporting the use of waste plastics in road construction. A completely new concept was
proposed by Dutch company Volkerwessels that aims to construct roads entirely of recycled
plastics, it propose the use of prefabricated hollow blocks of plastic that includes drainage
system, cables, pipes, etc. The life expectancy of these roads is expected to be 3 times to that of
ordinary road and there will be little or no maintenance required. However this approach is
currently only on paper but this will surely change the denition of roads once it comes to
reality.
Keywords: Plastic road, PET, Waste, Recycled, Non-biodegradable
332
The Life Saviour Polymer
Faraz Ahmad, Vaibhav Raghuvanshi, Rishabh Kumar, Atul Kumar Chandra

E-mail-farazahmad543@gmail.com
Blood loss due to fatal injuries in accidents is the main cause of numerous deaths. We
need a technology that will revolutionize the way of wound treatment Polymer based gel that
rapidly stops blood loss internally and externally. When this gel is injected into wound site, the
gel can form a clot within 12 sec and permanently heal the wound within minute. Once it hits the
damaged tissue, whether it's open skin or soft organ like liver, kidney, spleen, etc. gel instantly
forms a mesh like structure. This gels contain algae based polymers that acts as sealant, sealing
the wounds allows platelets to accumulate at the site of injury to form a mesh which acts as
scaffold to help the body produce brin at the wound surface. The gel has the properties of
sodium alginate, sodium alginate has cell wall that rapidly bond with human skin cells and stem
cells are activated, hence it forms a new layer of tissue such that the wounds is sealed and it is
impossible for bacteria to enter the wounds. Similar gel was incepted by Suneris Incorporation
in 2015 named as “Veti-gel” which uses a plant based hemophilic polymer .It is currently being
used for veterinary purposes. The price of veti-gel is $30. Most probably in near future it will
also be available for human beings, being an essential part of rst aid kit. Veti-gel can become a
great invention for mankind and it can be really help in fatal conditions like war and road
accidents.
Keywords: Blood, Wound, Sodium Alginate, Veti-gel, Essential
333
Estimation of Luminescence Depended Optical Constants
Of MEH-PPV/ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite
Sangeetha A, Jayaseeli S, Bhuvana K P*, Abdul Kader M and Nayak S K

Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Chennai – 32
E-mail:sangeethaaashokkumar@gmail.com, kpusha27@gmail.com
The present work endeavors towards the scientic study on inuence of ZnO
nanoparticles on the optical constant of Poly [2 Methoxy (5, 2ƯEthylhexyloxy)-P-
Phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV), a light emitting polymer. Hybrid nanocomposites of MEH-
PPV were prepared by dispersing ZnO nanorods at loading concentrations of 1 wt % and 3 wt %.
The structural characteristics of the hybrid composites were investigated using FTIR
spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optical luminescence depended optical constants were
estimated using absorption and emission spectra of nanocomposites.The incorporation of ZnO
nanorods facilitates the multimode emission. The Optical constants such as refractive index (n),
extinction coefcient (k), dielectric constant ( ), and optical conductivity (σ) were evaluated.
The suitability of the composites for enhanced light emission was studied through estimated
optical constants. The results reveal that the incorporation of optically active ZnO nanorods
increases the electron transport thereby increases the luminescence quantum yield (LQY). The
non linearity in the optical constants reveals the second order oscillatory emission, which also
reects in the absorption and emission wavelength.
Keywords: Hybrid nanocomposite, Optical Luminescence, Optical constant, Luminescence

Quantum yield.
334
Development and Characterization
of Bioglass Reinforced Polymer Scaffold
Rohithkumar R, Sangeetha A, Bhuvana K P*, Abdul Kader M and Nayak S K

Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Chennai – 32
E-mail: krohith05@gmail.com, kpusha27@gmail.com
to bone and even to soft tissues. In this study, an electro spun polymer composite scaffold was
polyvinyl alcohol was used to produce brous scaffolds. Electro spun was done at a voltage of
electro spun polymer scaffold was studied.
Keywords: Bioactive glass, Electrospining, Fibers, Bone tissue engineering
335
Design & Development of Plastic Safety Shoe Toe Cap
Anil Kumar Tiwari, Sanjay Choudhry

Central Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology, Lucknow-226008, India
E-mail: tiwarianil503@gmail.com
In this study the Nylon 66 Engineering thermo plastics toe cap of safety shoes was
design and manufactured to increase the energy and absorb capacity during impact to reduce the
weight of steel toe cap. A safety shoe toe cap parts comprising a front end rising part 1, a large toe
side rising part 2, and a small toe side part 3, a top part 6, and a base part 5, and thickness of the
large toe side rising part 2, is made to be greater than the thickness of the little toe side rising part
3, and the large toe side and small toe side part are connected to the front end part 1,. and the
curved surface part 4, it is the safety shoe standard in the Indian IS -15298 2nd for specication
for industrial safety shoes and there for the weight saving of the plastic toe cap was about 40%
compared with the steel toe cap of compare static and impact characteristics.
Keywords: Nylon 66, Steel toe cap, Impact characteristics, Static characteristics.
336
Development of Wood Plastics Composite
Kunwar Kartikey Singh, Siddharth Singh, Devesh Pratap Singh, & Mayur
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology, Lucknow-226008, India
E-mail: kunwarkartik007@gmail.com
Comparative studies have been made on the mechanical properties of WPC (WOOD
FLOUR COMPOSITE). Blend will be prepared by melt mixing in an extruder or in a blender
machine. Mechanical test will be performed on the WPC which will give higher and improved
values of tensile strength, Impact Strength, Flexural Strength, Water absorption test, Hardness
and Density TEST for better mechanical properties and for conservation of plastics. Plastics and
wood have been a main environmental concern. Plastic is the biggest problem due to its high
amount of waste generated, non-biodegradability and the fastest depletion of natural resources
regarding its short life cycle, therefore increased amount of material utilized in its production,
and waste generated. The same applies to wood with lesser degree where it is depleting trees and
forest and the wastes mainly are either burned or disposed, resulting in extra consumption,
depletion, and pollution of nature. Several worldwide attempts have been adopted, especially in
developed countries, to take advantage of these types of waste especially with the raised need
for alternative to virgin materials. From this project we have been successful towards improving
the mechanical properties of WPC, in order to conserve the wood waste as well as plastics which
have been a great environmental concern in our daily life.
Keywords: Wood, Plastic, Composite, Waste, Environmental
337
New Technology in the Field of Recycling of Waste Materials
Ranjit Kumar, Prabhat Kumar, Arjun Singh and Navneet choudhary

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Lucknow 226008, India
E-mail: ranjitkumar1045@gmail.com
Technology plays an important role in recycling of materials such as plastic waste

materials, E-waste and metal waste materials. Recycling is the process of converting waste
materials into new materials and objects. It is an alternative to "conventional" waste disposal
that can save material and it can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the
consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution and water
pollution and recycled materials can further used as to make diesel fuel, roads concrete bricks,
carbon nanotube membranes, composite decking and other petroleum products from used
grocery bags. The energy used in the conversion process is much less that the energy recovered
chemical technology to recycle residual plastic scrap into a low-sulfur hydrocarbon product
called Plaxx. Plaxx can be used as a feedstock for new polymer and wax manufacturing,
replacing fossil-fuel-derived raw materials and propelling plastics into the circular economy. A
new process developed tore cycles plastics with zero water. It is able to form the plastic beads
with no excessive temperatures either, meaning that the technology not only saves water, but
uses half the energy of conventional recycling methods. The water-free method can process
more than 90 percent of any type of plastic, including Styrofoam, polystyrene, PET and ABS.
Because it is a simpler method, it requires less space. On Stand B72, Vecoplan's new Hydrogen
system combines shredding technology, washing and drying processes for various plastics in a
closed process. The system can handle a wide variety of plastic waste, including shredded and
heavily soiled materials, stretch lm, hard plastics, packaging, and technical plastics. Utilizing
tandem catalytic cross-alkane metathesis (CAM) process, researchers have shown that
polyethylene can be degraded under mild reaction conditions using an iridium catalyst.
Keywords: Recycling, Waste, CAM, Conventional, Water-free
338
Carbon Foam Materials
Mohd Annan Alim, Saif Ahamad, Tanveer Alam, Pramod Kumar Gupta
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow
E-mail: mohdannan2ss@gmail.com.
CFOAM stands for coal based carbon form material, has a new structural material in a
cost effective propriety process, which is inexpensive, lightweight, re-resistant, impact
absorbing, can be thermally insulating or conducting, and whose electrical conductivity (0.01 to
6
10 Ω) can be varied over nine orders of magnitude this makes it a perfect electrical conductor
(PEC) of wideband frequency and wide angle incidence for radar absorbing and
electromagnetic shielding applications. The foam bond easily to metal and other dissimilar
materials and their mechanical properties will not degrade with high temperatures if it is
protected from oxidation.
CFOAM is a cellular foam with densities as high as 1.4gm/cm3and as low as 0.1gm/cm3.Current

development activities are looking at producing substrates with even lower densities. The
carbon foam comes in a variety of near-net shape congurations or it can be easily cut, milled,
and turned with conventional machine tools.
339
The material also has a low coefcient of thermal expansion (CTE), this coupled with its
inherent stiffness, makes it an option for lightweight mirrors used in space telescopes and high
power lasers. It easily shapes to desired optical surface, readily accepts a variety of surface
coatings and will distort little under temperature extremes in space. The material's high strength
coupled with low weight and resistance to re and impacts makes it an alternative for aircraft
and ship applications. This includes interior panels and non-structural bulkheads, structural
insulation or sound absorption panels for ship topsides structures. CFOAM can replace existing
core materials where stringent re, smoke, and toxicity, regulations exceeds what's possible
with polymer foams, honeycombs (polymer, paper, or metal) or balsa wood. In addition, makers
of proton exchange- membrane (PEM) fuels cells are also looking at carbon foams to replace the
cell's current bipolar plates. CFOAM is an economical alternative that stands up to fuel cells
environments .Cheapest carbon foam can be prepared from our day today food material i.e.,
'Bread' .Using a bread recipe as a guide, the group began by mixing of our, yeast and water,
then kneading and baking the dough. The researches then used a laboratory tube furnace under
argon gas conditions to carbonize the product into hard foam. Hard foam is tested using several
spectroscopy methods and found that it is mechanically stiff can shield against electromagnetic
interference and much less ammable than current carbon foams. The Army Space and Missile
Defense Command, Huntsville, Ala., recently recruited Touchstone Research Laboratory Ltd.
Triadelphia, for the development of carbon foam technology. And next break through material
for military use could be 'CARBON FOAM'.
Keywords: Carbon foam, PEC, CTE, Military, Missile
340
Epoxy syntactic Foams Reinforced with Halloysite Nanotubes
Balram Jaiswal, A.V Ullas, K.N Pandey

Central Institute of plastic Engineering & Technology, Lucknow-226008, India
E-mail:Balram1995j@gmail.com
Syntactic foams are a class of polymer composites having hollow micro balloons in
polymeric matrix. Epoxy syntactic foam is widely used for deepwater applications including
buoyancy modules for boat hulls and aeroplane components. Epoxy syntactic foam containing
(40-60 %v/v) hollow glass micro balloons (K15) have been reinforced by halloysite nanotubes
(0.01-0.05 %v/v). Epoxy syntactic foams have been developed by incorporating halloysite
nanotubes (HNTs) at varied low loadings of HNTs. Mechanical properties results demonstrate
that there is appreciable enhancement in tensile, compressive and exural properties. The
increase in mechanical properties may be attributed to exfoliation of the nanoller throughout
the epoxy matrix which is evident from X-ray diffractometry studies.
Keywords: Epoxy, Syntactic, Halloysite, Nanotubes, Matrix
341
Quality Concepts for the Improved Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials
Himanshu Kumar, Prince Chauhan, Shivam Katiyar, Kishan Yadav

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow-226008, India
E-mail:Himanshukumar0138@Gmail.Com
Polymeric waste materials should be considered resources for the manufacture of new
products through recycling processes, with a similar status to virgin fossil-based plastics and
biopolymers from renewable resources. Several efforts can be made to achieve this qualitative
quantum leap in plastics recycling, and consequently introduce recycled products, with
competitive performance, to the market. Scientic knowledge about the degradation processes
during the life cycle and the development of fast and reliable analytical methods for the quality
assessment of recycled plastics are fundamental to guarantee their performance in new
applications. Different strategies—restabilisation, rebuilding, compatibilisation, and addition
of elastomers and llers—can be used to upgrade the structure and properties of polymeric
waste streams. This review discusses recent developments in the mechanical recycling of
plastics, focusing on how to produce quality materials from waste streams and, thus, contribute
to a sustainable management of resources and energy. Polymeric materials allow the
manufacture of a wide variety of low-cost, high-performance products, and contribute to
continuous energy saving and sustainable development. The inert nature and biodegradation
resistance of synthetic polymers have created, however, an important environmental dilemma
concerning their waste management. The optimization of waste management procedures
should imply a multidisciplinary approach based on a hierarchy, in which prevention, waste
minimization, waste reuse, waste recovery and, lastly, disposal should be prioritized, in that
order. Options for plastic waste recovery, in contraposition to landll disposal, include material
recycling and energy recovery procedures. As a whole, recycling processes (mechanical and
feedstock recycling) involve material recovery from plastic waste streams, whereas
combustion procedures for heat production with controlled emissions are included in energy
recovery options. Mechanical recycling entails the production through physical means of new
plastic products from plastic waste. In feedstock recycling, plastic wastes are cracked and
depolymerised by chemical means into a series of petrochemical products or monomers, which
can be later transformed into new polymeric products by synthesis. Finally, energy recovery
employs polymeric waste streams as fuel for energy production, exploiting the high caloric
content of plastics.
Keywords: Recycled, Waste, Biopolymer, Mechanical Recycling, Depolymerized
342
To Study of Fire Retardant and Intumescent Coating
by Using Phenol Formaldehyde and Zirconium Oxide
Ajay Vishwakarma and Vijai Kumar

Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
Email: er.ajay.av@gmail.com
The need for reproong material became important in the nineteenth century due to the
commercialization of cellulose nitrate plastic. A re retardant system is a compound or
compositions added to materials, which increases a given material's resistance to combustion.
Effective re retardant needs to hinder the supply of one or more of the elements required for
sustained combustion. The objective of the re retardants is to lower a polymers intrinsic re
hazard by decreasing the rates of burning and ame spreading under re conditions. The use of
the re retardants may avoid a small re from attering a major disaster. In order for a re
retardant to be effective, it must interact an interfere with the degradation of the host polymer at
the polymer's degradation temperature. The degradation temperatures for the most widely used
polymers are not good. Different types of ame retardants, including intumescent systems with
and without the additions of the llers have been implemented with great success. Another new
eld of interest is the use of nano-clay composites as ame retardants and reasonable ame
retardancy can be achieved at very low amount, i.e. 5%. During the intumescent process, the
binder becomes important due to two effects: it contributes to the char layer expansion and
ensures the formation of uniform char foam structure. This study is about increasing the re
retardant burning temperature.
Keywords: Fire retardant, Intumescent, Burning, Degradation temperature, Disaster
343
Super Absorbent Polymer
Archita Agrahari, Abhishek Gangwar, Rohit Singh and Jyoti Rawat

E-mail: abhisingh6666@gmail.com
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) (also called slush powder) can absorb and retain
extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to their own mass. Water-absorbing polymers,
which are classied as hydrogels when cross-linked, absorb aqueous solutions through
hydrogen bonding with water molecules. A SAP's ability to absorb water is a factor of the ionic
concentration of the aqueous solution. In deionized and distilled water, a SAP may absorb 300
times its weight (from 30 to 60 times its own volume) and can become up to 99.9% liquid, but
when put into a 0.9% saline solution, the absorbency drops to approximately 50 times its
weight. The presence of valence cations in the solution impedes the polymer's ability to bond
with the water molecule. The total absorbency and swelling capacity are controlled by the type
and degree of cross-linkers used to make the gel. Low-density cross-linked SAPs generally
have a higher absorbent capacity and swell to a larger degree. These types of SAPs also have a
softer and stickier gel formation. High cross-link density polymers exhibit lower absorbent
capacity and swell, but the gel strength is rmer and can maintain particle shape even under
modest pressure. The largest use of SAPs is found in personal disposable hygiene products,
such as baby diapers, adult protective underwear and sanitary napkins.SAP was discontinued
from use in tampons due to 1980s concern over a link with toxic shock syndrome. SAP is also
used for blocking water penetration in underground power or communications cable,
horticultural water retention agents, control of spill and waste aqueous uid, and articial snow
for motion picture and stage production.
Keywords: Super absorbent, Water absorbing, Hydrogels, Deionized, Production
344
Uses of Plastics in Medical Science
Kapil Singh, Piyush Tiwari and Sambhav Saxena

Central institute of plastics engineering and technology, Lucknow
Email: kapil0655@gmail.com
Modern healthcare would not be possible without the use of plastic materials. From the
casing of an open MRI machine to the smallest tubing, plastics have made health care simpler
and less painful. Things we take for granted such as disposable syringes, intravenous blood
bags and heart valves are now made of plastic. Plastics have reduced the weight of eyeglass
frames and lenses. They are key components of modern prosthetic devices offering greater
exibility, comfort and mobility. Plastics allow articial hip and knees to provide smooth
working, trouble free joints. Plastic packaging, with its exceptional barrier properties, light
weight, low cost, durability, and transparency, is ideal for medical applications. Today's most
innovative medical procedures are dependent on plastics. Traditionally, metals, glass and
ceramics were used for medical implants, devices and supports. However, polymers are better
suited to these applications as they offer lighter weight, better biocompatibility and lower cost.
Fibers and resins used in medical applications include polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) as well as nylon, polyethylene
terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene (ABS),
polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyurethane (PU). The most widely used plastic material in
medical applications is PVC followed by PE, PP, PS and PET. PVC most widely used in pre-
sterilized single use medical applications. It is a versatile plastic that has been used in medical
applications for over 50 years.
Medical uses for plastic materials include: thin tubes called catheters are used to unblock blood
vessels. The deposit obstructing the vessels can be broken down with a tiny spiral-shaped
implant called a vessel support. The vessel support is made of a plastic developed specically
for the medical eld and charged with active substances. Plastic pill casings are made of tartaric
345
acid based polymers that gradually break down, slowly releasing the required medication over
the required amount of time. These tailor-made pharmaceuticals delivery systems help limit the
amount of pills a patient must take to get the required dose. Synthetic materials can also play an
important role in repairing diseased arteries that cannot be helped via vessel support. After
removing the affected section of the aorta, the damaged section is removed and the gap is
bridged by a exible plastic prosthesis. People with severely impaired hearing can now have
plastic implants inserted that allow them to hear sound again. The implant is made up of several
components including a microphone and a transmission device that is connected to a micro-
computer worn on the body. Additionally, there is a stimulator and an electrode carrier with 16
electrodes and 16 different frequency ranges. This device transforms acoustic impulses into
electrical ones bypassing the damaged cells and stimulating the auditory nerve directly.3D
printing is currently being used by the medical industry in a few novel ways. A company named
Robohand® is using Makerbots® to create prosthetic hands that are signicantly cheaper than
traditional prosthetics. This discount is especially useful for children who may need many
different prosthetics as they grow. Technicians can also now print exact 3D reproductions of
specic body parts using scans from an MRI machine. This process allows surgeons to prepare
for tricky surgeries in a whole new way. There is also a whole array of plastic disposable medical
products, including bed pans, insulin pens, IV tubes, tube ttings, plastic cups and pitchers, eye
patches, surgical and examination gloves, inatable splints, inhalation masks, tubing for
dialysis, disposable gowns, wipes and droppers, urine continence and ostomy products. The
use of plastic materials in hospitals is almost endless.
Keywords: Medical science, Healthcare, Polymeric material, Biocompatibility
346
Development of Smart Materials in the Field of Medical Science
Prabhat Kumar and Ranjit Kumar

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Lucknow 226008, India
E-mail: prabhat.a1998@gmail.com
Smart materials become an interesting zone in eld of medical science; the development
of smart materials has opened enormous potential towards the health of human body. Nitinol is
biocompatible, that it can be used in the body without an adverse reaction, so it has found a
number of medical uses. These include stents in which rings of SMA wire hold open a polymer
tube to open up a blocked vein, blood lters, and bone plates which contract upon
transformation to pull the two ends of the broken bone in to closer contact and encourage more
rapid healing. Nitinol, a Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy, as a smart material for medical
implants and devices. The atomistic nature of shape memory and super elasticity of Nitinol and
the associated unique changes in mechanical properties. The smartness of the material is
exemplied by its use for self-expanding stents. Caused by the stress hysteresis of superelastic
Nitinol, these devices exhibit a biased stiffness behavior, i.e. they exert a low chronic outward
force on the vessel wall, but resist external deomation with much higher forces. Nitinol is an
equiatomic or near-equiatomic intermetallic compound of Nickel and Titanium which
undergoes a solid state transformation in the temperature range of – 100 to 100 degree Celsius.
Depending on the composition and processing history. Associated with this phase change is a
signicant change in the properties of the material. The most dramatic manifestation thereof is
the ability of the material to return to its original shape upon heating after an apparent plastic
deformation (thermal memory).Nitinol is used for self-expanding stents. Stents are scaffolding
tubular structures that prevent vessels from re-closing after balloon dilatation, ingrowth of
tumors or other obstructive inuences. While most stents for coronary applications are still
balloon expandable, the majority of stents for non-vascular or peripheral vascular applications
are self-expanding. It is possible that SMAs could also nd use in dentistry for orthodontic
braces which straighten teeth and also as articial muscles simulating the expansion and
contraction of human muscles.
Keywords: Smart materials, Nitinol, Biocompatible, Superelastic, Deformation

347
Investigation of Surface Properties of New Poly(Imide)
Siloxane Block Copolymers
Gargi Ghosh1, Anaparthi Ganesh Kumar1, Susanta Banerjee1, Palash Dhara2

2
and Rabibrata Mukherjee
1
Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
Email: susanta@matsc.iitkgp.ernet.in
Three new block copoly(imide siloxane)s have been prepared by reacting two different
diamines, 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) and aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane
(APPS), separately with 4,4'-(4,4'-isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalic anhydride);
BPADA. The reactions were conducted by a two pot solution imidization technique. The hard
block segment is composed of the diamine ODA and the dianhydride BPADA while APPS and
BPADA composed the soft block segment. The soft and hard blocks of different block lengths
were generated by different stoichiometric imbalance in two different asks and the nal
polymers were obtained by reacting both the blocks together. Different block copoly(imide
siloxane)s were prepared on increasing the hard block lengths (DP) from 11 to 23 to 36.5, and
the soft block lengths (DP) from 5 to 9 and 13.5 respectively.
All the polymers were structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopic
techniques. The poly(imide)siloxanes exhibited good solubility in wide range of solvents,
excellent lm forming abilities and high thermal stability. The membranes in dry state exhibited
very high tensile strength (TS) in the range 49 – 56 MPa, Young's modulus ranging from 1.4 –
2.8 GPa with elongation at break values in the range of 10 – 87 % depending on the variation of
the length of soft block. The block copolymers exhibited different contact angle in different
solvents like 103° in water and 16° in toluene, thereby changing its property from solvophobic
to solvophillic.
348
Ultra-thin lms of simple block co-polymers were coated on cleaned glass substrates to
study the surface morpholgies of thin lm.The surface morphology was observed by optical
microscope, SEM and AFM. The most interesting fact of three different block copolymers was
that pahse segregation were observed to different extent in different solvents by AFM. When
these thin lms were annealed at 240° C which is high above their Tg for different time period
from 0h to 15h spherical morphologies were observed on the surface of the thin polymer lm.
The morphologies were observed by SEM and optical microscope. The density and size of these
spherical domains were found to increase with increase in annealing time period. The rate of
formation of these domains can be modied by coating the polymer solution on silanized glass
substrate instead of simple glass substrate. The domain formation of the poly(imide siloxane)s
signicantly depends on the content of APPS. The density of particles clearly found to increase
from block 1 to block 2 to block 3. This is due to the self assembly of siloxane unit in the soft
block. The rate of formation of these domains can be modied by coating the polymer solution
on silanized glass substrate instead of simple glass substrate.
Keywords: Poly(Imide) Siloxane, Block copolymers, Surface Properties, SEM
349
Bio degradable packaging lm from renewable resources
1 1 1 1
Bishwabhusana Palai , Manoranjan Biswal ,Smita Mohanty , Sanjay kumar Nayak
1
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Material (LARPM),
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751024.
Email-bishwabhusana123@gmail.com
Recently bio based, bio degradable polymers has received an enormous attention as the
disposal of petroleum based plastics wastes seems to be quite challenging. A recent study
reveals that one fth of total plastics products immediately disposed to the environment after
single use which again added to municipal solid waste causes blocking of drainage, affecting
the terrestrial environments, in the open ocean, on shorelines of even the most remote islands
and in the deep sea. The most common plastics waste of this type is plastic packaging lms and
the lms generally below 50 micron is not possible to recycle. So we strive to develop bio
degradable lm for packaging application using poly lactic acid (PLA).
PLA has inherent problem of brittleness posed a challenge to make a blown lm out of it. So
suitable plasticisers, chain extenders, impact modiers are chosen to compensate its brittleness
and to improve melt strength during blown process.
Various compositions of PLA with poly ethylene glycol (PEG), poly ethylene oxide (PEO),
ethylene co ethyle acrylate and epoxy functionalize styrene acrylate were melt compounded
with a twin screw extruder and blown with a blown lm extrusion. The properties like tensile
strength, gas and water vapour barrier property, optical property, DSC, TGA were examined.
2
The tensile strength of lm was found to be 35 Mpa (on average), OTR was 165 cc/m day,
WVTR was 97 g/mm2 day. Haze was found to be less than 4%and gloss 34%.. The thermal study
indicates that the glass transition temperature to be 630c and lm is stable up to 3000c in nitrogen
atmosphere.
350
Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Porous Composite
Blocks using Polymeric Binder for Industrial Applications
Sagar K. Nayak, Smruti R. Mohanty, Akshaya K. Palai, Sushant K. Samal,

Bishnu P. Panda, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K. Nayak
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, CIPET, Bhubaneswar-751024.
Email : nayak.sagarkumar@yahoo.in
The primary aim of this work is to prepare a porous composite block which will sustain
water pressure and air pressure of 12 Kg/cm2 and 0.8 Kg/cm2 respectively. Also it has to show
good mechanical properties under acidic and alkaline solution. For this purpose, composition of
polyol (A) and di-isocyanide (B) as an adhesive has been prepared with different weight% and
characterized. The optimization of the composition has been carried out for high mechanical
and permeability properties. The coarse and ne gravel are chosen having good chemical
resistance, thermal stability in acid and basic environment and the blocks of the same using
above binder are developed. The ne gravels of size 3-5 mm and coarse gravel of size 8-11 mm
has been identied. First, the ne gravel blocks of different wt% of adhesive is prepared and
considering compressive strength and water ow through block, the weight% of adhesive in
composite is optimized to 9 wt% for 100 gram of gravel. Similarly the coarse gravel blocks of
different wt% of adhesive is prepared and its optimized weight% of adhesive in composite is
optimized to 3 wt% for 100 gm of course gravel.
Key word: Adhesive, Porous blocks, Fine gravel, Coarse gravel
351
Comparison of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties in graphene oxide
and reduced graphene oxide lled epoxy nanocomposite adhesives
Ruchi Aradhana1, Smita Mohanty 1,2, Sanjay Kumar Nayak 1,2

1
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
2
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute
of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
Email : ruchiaradhana71@gmail.com
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized from graphite akes utilizing
improved Hummers method via graphene oxide (GO) precursor. The oxidation of graphite and
subsequent reduction of GO were conrmed by using FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and
TEM techniques. The nanocomposite adhesives were developed using GO and rGO with
different loading of 0-1.0 wt%. The adhesive strength was studied by conducting lap shear test
and it was noticed that, Ep-0.5 GO adhesive exhibited the highest strength among all adhesive
formulations and showed ~50% increment than pristine epoxy. Impact strength evidenced
noticeable enhancement with decrease in notch depth from 2.54 to 0.5 mm for all adhesive
systems clearly indicating brittle to ductile transition due to the declining stress concentration
area. The fracture analysis of impact samples and extent of llers dispersion were visualized by
SEM. SEM micrographs evidenced clear surface contrast of samples based on variable notch
depth. The electrical resistivity in Ep-rGO systems showed 93% decrease with 1 wt% rGO
loading, while thermal conductivity of Ep-0.5 GO revealed 211% increment as compared to
pristine epoxy.
Keywords: Reduced graphene oxide, Graphene oxide, Epoxy, Lap-shear test, Notch depth
variation, Electrical and Thermal properties.
352
Synthesis & Characterization of Low Cost Non-Fluorinated
Aqua-repellent Coating
Smruti R. Mohanty, Smita Mohanty, S. K. Nayak

Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), CIPET
(Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers, Govt. of India)
B - 25, CNI Complex, Bhubaneswar – 751024
Email : 108smruti@gmail.com
An advanced coating with a splendid hydrophobic property was synthesized in order to

enhance the cleanability and to save water. A lot of attention is devoted to the use of non- uorinated
and cheap precursors and low temperature synthesis process to make the work cost efcient. In this
research work, deposition of silica sol on ceramic substrates was done by ow coating method.
Silica sol was formulated using certain chemicals in an optimized ratio. TEOS is the primary
precursor dissolved in suitable solvents like IPA, ethanol and distilled water to prepare the sol
followed by treatment with silylating agent HMDS in one case and direct addition in other. Water
contact angle for both the coating materials were obtained and studied to compare the degree of
hydrophobicity in both the cases and FTIR was used to conrm the presence of –Si–(CH3)3 group.
Surface morphology was extensively analysed by mean of SEM and optical properties were also
investigated with the help of UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer.
Keywords: Superhydrophobic coating, sol-gel, silylating agent, optical transmittance
353
Sulfonated Reduced Graphene Oxide Incorporated Poly(ethylene oxide),
Poly(vinylidene uoride-co-hexauoropropylene) Blend as a Novel
Polymer Electrolyte System with Enhanced Ionic Conductivity
Sanath Kumar, Akshaya K. Palai, Smita Mohanty, S. K. Nayak

Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM),
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751024
Email id :- skumarchilimbi@gmail.com, apalai@gmail.com
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) and poly (vinylidene uoride-co-hexauoropropylene)

(PVDF-HFP) based polymer electrolytes were prepared withsurface modied reduced
graphene oxide (S-rGO) as a ller and optimized the ionic conductivity. Surface modication is
carried out by using aryl diazonium salt to obtain SO3H modied rGO.Obtainednano-particles
were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction
techniques.Reduction in crystallinity of polymer blend was studied by usingdifferential
scanning calorimeter (DSC) upon addition of nano llersand supported by morphology studies
carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Enhancement in ionic conductivity of
the polymer electrolyte system from1.02 x 10-4mS/cm to 1.14mS/cm was observed (S-rGO) and
has been studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
354
Comparative study of PVDF and PVDF-TrFE lms
with their nano-llers composites
1,2 1 1
Rajesh Sahoo , Ananthakumar Ramadoss , Lakshmi Unnikrishnan ,
1 2 1,3
Smita Mohanty , Swapna Mahapatra Sanjay Kumar Nayak
1
LARPM,CIPET,Bhubaneswar,Odisha,751024,India.
2
Physics Department,Utkal University,Vani Vihar,Bhubaneswar,Odisha,751004,India.
3
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology,Chennai,Tamil Nadu,600032,India.
E-mail:rajeshjitu17@gmail.com
Polymers showing piezoelectric properties are advantageous over ceramic materials in

terms of exibility, light weight and easy to synthesis. PVDF and PVDF-TrFE lms were
prepared by solvent casting method followed by hydraulic compression and characterized with
FTIR, XRD and DSC which were compared with nano-ller doped PVDF and PVDF-TrFE
lms. FTIR shows the beta-phase fraction, XRD explains the presence of nano-llers and DSC
explains the heat of enthalpy of the lms. Voltage responses of the lms were also compared
using a DSO.
Keywords: Piezoelectricity, PVDF, PVDF-TrFE, Nano-llers.
355
PVDF Nanohybrid Membrane For Water Purication
Jnyana Ranjan Mishra, MalluruAbhilash, Sushanta Kumar Samal,

SmitaMohanty, Sanjay Kumar Nayak
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), CIPET, Bhubaneswar.
Email: gyanamishra93@gmail.com
With folded growth of population, the requirement for safe drinking water is increasing
in a multifolded manner. So the primary challenge for the scientic community is to provide the
people of all ages, all class and from every corner of the world safe drinking water. So, the main
aim is to make the technology that we are going to employ for water purication cost effective.
Membrane technology is expected to dominate among the water purication technologies due
to its easy handling, cost effectiveness and reliable mechanism. Easy membrane fouling leading
to deterioration of the membrane is the major problem . Keeping these views in mind, the
present work focuses on the development of a PVDF (Polyvinylideneuoride) -based water
purication membrane, with antifouling characteristic. High mechanical strength and long term
durability under applicative environment are also other objectives of this work. The resultant
PVDF based membrane imparts excellent mechanical strength and durability. Modication of
the membrane with Ag@SiO2 nanocomposites incorporateshydrophilicity of the membrane
due to polar and lewis acid type behaviour of the silane and antibacterial properties of the
membrane also developed due to the presence of the Ag nanoparticles. APTES is used as the
crosslinker to bind the nanocomposites with the hydroxylated membrane in order to make sure
that the nanocomposites are not washed out from the membrane surface. After the addition of
the nanoparticles the membrane will show high water ux, low fouling and excellent
antibacterial properties.
Key words : Nanohybrid, Membrane, PVDF, Water Purication, APTES
356
Chitosan/PANI exible Freestanding Electrode for Supercapacitors
Aswathy N R, Akshaya K. Palai, Anantha K. Ramadoss, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay Kumar Nayak
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering
& Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, -751 024, India).
Email : aswathynr1994@gmail.com
Ever increasing demands for low cost, light weight materials in every sector make role
of plastic inevitable. But the misdealing of plastic products bequeathing misery on earth as well
as human kind. So demand to exclude plastic from some of the sector is crucial now. Chitosan is
a biopolymer easily extractable from shells of crustaceans such as lobster, crabs, shrimps and
also from many other micro-organisms including insects and fungi. But the potential use of
chitosan is in nascent stage for making freestanding electrode even though it has good
mechanical strength and high lm forming capacity. In this work we fabricate conducting
exible, freestanding electrode based on chitosan-g-PANI through a simple insitu
polymerization and precipitation method and thus presenting a promising candidate for
electrode based on chitosan combined with a conducting polymer. Chitosan is highly stable and
can help to improve the low mechanical strength of the PANI. The composite of chitosan-g-
-2
PANI electrode shows higher conductivity of 6 *10 S/m, and the porous structure of hybrid
composite will help to improve absorption of electrolyte. So in these aspects chitosan is a
promising material for supercapacitor electrode. More over it is a highly stable cheap and
environment friendly bio-composite. On these aspects chitosan is a strong candidate for
fabricating exible freestanding electrode. Overall, this work provides a simple route for the
fabrication of cheap, environment friendly, conducting freestanding lms based on chitosan
and polyaniline for supercapacitor electrode applications.
Key words : Chitosan, Supercapacitor, Electrode, PANI
357
Effect of Bio-based Epoxidised Soybean Oil on the Melt Compounded PVC/PMMA
Recycled Blend: A Special Insight to Compatibilization and Value Addition
Sunil S Suresh, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K Nayak

Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM)
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET)
B-25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-751024.
Email : sunilssuresh@gmail.com
The effective utilization of bio-based material, epoxidised soybean oil (ESO), in

recycled blend of PVC/PMMA was considered for the rst time in this present investigation.
Recycled blend with different concentration of ESO were prepared via melt blending technique.
Resulted blends were characterized by various physiochemical, mechanical and thermal
characterizations. FTIR analysis indicates reduction in the degradation behaviour of PVC phase
present in the PVC/PMMA blend after introduction of ESO into it. The recycled blend with 9
wt% of ESO exhibit superior impact strength than other compositions. The thermal gravimetric
analysis of ESO incorporated blend shows improved thermal stability than its parent blend.
SEM analysis indicates improved surface morphology with enhanced interfacial adhesion.
Besides, this study indicates bio derived epoxidised oils can be potentially useful for value
addition of recycled plastic products derived from waste electrical and electronic equipments.
Keywords: WEEE; PVC/PMMA blend; Epoxidised soybean oil; Mechanical recycling;

Stability.
358
Surface Plasmonic effect of Ag designed ZnO pyramid
nanostructures as photoanode for dye sensitized solar cell application
V.S. Manikandan, Akshaya K. Palai, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K Nayak

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering &Technology, B-25, CNI Complex, Patia
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-751024.
Email : manikandasiva88@gmail.com
The present work reports the preparation of ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanostructure by facial one-pot
hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological studies were carried out by XRD, FESEM and
TEM analysis respectively. Presence of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO was conrmed via XPS
analysis. With the addition of Ag, UV absorption spectra of Ag-ZnO nanostructure blue shifted
compared to the pristine ZnO nanoparticles. Photovoltaic and electrochemical impedance studies of
both ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanostructure was performed under the A1.5 sun stimulator with an active area
0.25cm2 under 100mA/cm2. On comparison with pristine ZnO based devices a twofold enhancement in
photo conversion efciency is achieved with Ag-ZnO based devices.
Key words : ZnO, Plasmonic Effect, Dye sensitized Solar Cell.
359
Effect of Hybrid Fillers on Thermal Conductivity, Rheology
and Lap Shear Strength of Epoxy Composites Adhesives
Rajesh Kumar, Arjyama Mishra , Bishnu P Panda, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K Nayak
a
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 751024.
b
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 600032.
Email : rajpolymer83@gmail.com
Different kinds of llers such as natural graphite (Gr) of particle size 50µm, boron nitride
powder (BN) of size 1 µm and silver ake (Ag) of particle size 10µm were homogenously dispersed by
mechanical mixing in the epoxy resin matrix(Ep) with the addition of hardener for composite formation.
Different hybrid llers efciently increased the thermal conductivity (K) of the epoxy composite matrix.
The thermal conductivity of epoxy composite with 20% (w/w) ller loading is about 0.326 W/mK, at
40% (w/w), it is 0.968 W/mK and at 60% (w/w) ller loading, it increases to 1.010 W/mK. A thermal
conductivity of 1.189 W/mK was obtained from hybrid composite (Gr/Ag-Ep) with a ller content of 50
weight %, there was an increase of 0.776 W/mK at 50 wt% hybrid ller loading of (Gr/BN-Ep) and the
thermal conductivity increases to 1.110 W/mK hybrid (Gr/BN/Ag-Ep) at 55 wt% ller loading. The
adhesive composite with optimized ller content were then subsequently subjected to determine single
lap shear strength and study of rheological behavior. The degree of ller dispersal and alignment in the
matrix was determined by SEM.
Key Words: Graphite Powder, Boron Nitride, Silver Flake, Hybrid llers, Thermal conductivity, Heat
Dissipation.
360
Effect of moisture absorption on degradation of FRP composites laminate
and durability of FRP laminates exposed with sea water environment,
simulate the moisture absorption using FEA analysis.
Pitambar Tripathy, Bishnu Panda, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay Kumar Nayak

LARPM,CIPET,Bhubaneswar
Email : pitamtripathy@gmail.com
The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of moisture absorption and
durability of FRP composite laminates exposed to sea water. Square type specimens are
submerged in the sea water environment and the Fick's law on moisture diffusion behaviour is
studied. To analyse the effect of moisture uptake, durability on mechanical and physical
properties- 3 types of tests were carried out such as three points bending test, buckling test,
SEM. Results prove that increasing the exposed time up to 3 months increases the moisture
absorption rate and simultaneously durability effect was slightly decreases. After three months
moisture absorption rate decreases 40% and durability decreases rigoursly .Lastly compare
with the experimental and FEA results outcome shows good.
Key words : FRP, FEA, Fick’s law, Sea Water, Moisture Absorption.
361
Indigenous Development Of Hemodialysishollow Fiber Membrane
1 1 1 2
Athira V B , Lakshmi Unnikrishnan , Smita Mohanty , S. K Nayak
1
CIPET Bhubaneswar 2Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET) Guindy,
Chennai
Email id - athiravb@outlook.com
The number of kidney dialysis patients have been drastically increasing due to food
habits, diabetes, high blood pressure, family history and modern living style. A country like
INDIA - one of the fastest developing country still don't have place in manufacturing of
dialysers. The treatment is not affordable for a common man due to the cost of imported dialysis
cartridge and periodical therapy needs for a long time. Indigenous development of
hemodialysis membrane is inevitable in this background. The project is mainly aiming to
produce low cost, high performance hemodialysis membrane and its commercialization to
decrease foreign dependency. Polyethersulfone is used as the basic material for ber spinning
by phase separation method. The hollow bers are spinned by dry-wet spinning technique in
which the diameter and thickness of hollow bers can be tailored. PES is blended with
hydrophilic polymers in different compositions to study which composition give superior
properties. The pore size formation is studied by optimizing the temperature and changing the
composition of polymer solution. SEM micrographs are used to study the pore size and uniform
distribution of pores. Contact angle measurement accounts for the hydrophilicity and thereby
blood compatibility of PES hollow ber membranes. Tensile results account for the strength of
membrane to withstand stretching tension without breakage. TGA shows high temperature
performance of PES membrane.
362
Dynamic mechanical, thermal and morphological analysis
of PP reinforced sisal bre and carbon bre hybrid composites.
1 1
Jyoti Agarwal , Smita Mohanty , S. K Nayak
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials(LARPM), CIPET
Bhubaneswar-751024
Email: jyoti886@gmail.com
The hybridization of thermoplastic PP based on carbon bre (CF) and sisal bre (SF)
along with MA-g-PP was investigated for its mechanical, thermal and morphological
properties. Hybrid composites were fabricated with a melt blending method in a Haake
Rheomix. The mechanical properties of PP/SF/CF composites at variable percentage of bre
loading from 10 to 20 wt% are tested for mechanical performance and the bres with 15 wt%
bre content each are subjected to thermal and morphological properties. However, for impact
testing higher bre contents resulted in an increment in the strength of composites. Composites
prepared at 20 wt% of carbon bre (CF) and 10 wt% of sisal bre (SF) loading with 5 wt% of
MA-g-PP showed optimum mechanical performance. DSC study shows higher Tm of PP/SF/CF
composites as compared to PP indicating increased macromolecular exibility and mobility.
The ammability of PP/SF/CF composites were studied by horizontal burning (UL-94)
method, which shows decrease level of burning rate as compared to PP. Morphological
observation by SEM studied conrmed that the carbon bres and sisal bres are well uniformly
dispersed within the PP matrix.
Key words : Carbon Fiber, Sisal Fiber, PP Composites.
363
Development of Polymer Composites for
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity Characteristics
Subhranshu S Pradhan, Lakshmi Unnikrishnan, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K Nayak

LARPM, CIPET, B-25 CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024
In this study, PC/ABS based blend nanocomposites have been developed for improved
thermally conductive applications. Various loading of llers like Graphite Flake, CNT, SF and
their hybrids were dispersed in PC/ABS blend for improving the thermal conductivity of the
system. All blends were analysed for their ow parameters and properties like mechanical
strength and thermal conductivity. It was found that higher ller loading of approx. 50% is
necessary for imparting high level of thermal conductivity in the composites. PC/ABS showed
better dispersion of graphite and less interfacial defects, resulting in better heat conduction
ability when compared with other immiscible blends. At ller loading of 50wt%, thermal
conductivity of PC/ABS composite reached ~1.574 W/mK, which is nearly 80% higher than
that of virgin PC/ABS blend. Morphology and melt rheology measurements conrmed that
graphite ake and CNT formed thermally conductive network, which is crucial to the
improvement of thermal conductivity.
Key words: Thermal Conductivity, Carbon Fillers, PC/ABS
364
Synthesis and Characterization of Itaconic Based Elastomer
and its Blends with Poly(Lactic Acid)
Sukhila Krishnan, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K.Nayak

Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of
Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar, INDIA
E -mail: sukhila13@gmail.com
Sustainable and biocompatible novel lactic acid based bioelastomer (LBPE) was
synthesized by polycondensation process which has been conrmed by FTIR and 1H NMR.
Owing to the resemblances in the lactate structures of polylactic acid (PLA) and LBPE, the
synthesized LBPE bioelastomers can act as an excellent PLA toughener in presence of free
radical initiator dicumyl peroxide (DCP). In this study, the effects of varied composition of
synthesized lactic acid based bioelastomer (LBPE) in enhancing the mechanical, thermal and
morphological properties of PLA, were investigated. LBPE was synthesized from the
renewable resources based monomers. The mechanical, morphological and thermal were
investigated. Chemical crosslinks endow the LBPE with relatively high elasticity and
environmental stability which ultimately enhances the mechanical properties of PLA matrix.
Keywords: Polylactic acid, Lactic acid, Bioelastomer, Toughness, Crosslinked
365
Development of an appropriate composition
for PVDF based piezoelectric composite lms
Suvrajyoti Mishra , Lakshmi Unnikrishnan , Ananthakumar Ramadoss1,

1 1
Smita Mohanty1, Sanjay K Nayak2

1
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Bhubaneswar- 751024, Odisha, India
2
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Chennai- 600032, Tamil Nadu, India
Email: suvrajmishra@gmail.com
This work focuses on the development of a suitable composition for PVDF

(polyvinylidene uoride), or a copolymer PVDF-TrFE (polyvinylidiene-triuoroethylene)
based piezoelectric composite or blend with the addition of few organic or inorganic
nanoparticles for the preparation of a piezoelectric thin lm with higher piezoelectric
coefcients. The composite preparation procedure follows a simple method including solvent
casting followed by hot pressing .The addition of nanollers leads not only to the formation of
polar -phase of PVDF, which shows unique piro-, piezo- and ferroelectric properties used in
many applications, but also affects the thermal stability, morphology as well as crystallinity of
the synthesized lms. Films are characterized by FTIR, XRD, DSC & SEM and obtained results
are well explained. The extraordinarily high ß-phase and piezoelectric coefcient of these
PVDF based lms make them suitable for electro active and energy harvesting applications.
Key words : PVDF, Co-Polymer, Piezoelectric.
366
Contemporary Methedology for the Synthesis of
Surface Functionalized Silica Coated Graphene Nanohybrid
Suchhanda S. Swain, Lakshmi Unnikrishnan, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K. Nayak

Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of
PlasticsEngineering & Technology (CIPET), B/25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
E-mail: Suchhandaswain@gmail.com
This present study explains about the development of unique methodological synthesis
route for surface functionalization of GO by one-step, in-situ sol-gel technique, on account of
the existence of various oxygen-rich functional groups on the nanosheets surface additionally
these groups furnish a convenient platform to carry out the reactions very smoothly in an
aqueous medium. Furthermore, the coating of NPs on the GO surface was obtained through the
self-assembly solution and which was taken as solid-state exfoliants to inhibit the re-
aggregation tendency of the sheets. Moreover, the synthesized product was again chemically
reduced with the use of a green reductant to obtain graphene NPs coated nanohybrid. FTIR
spectroscopy, XRD analysis, Size Distribution/Zeta Potential, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, UV
spectroscopy have been characterized to conrm the successful synthesis of the GO-derived
nanohybrids and elucidated their signicant characteristics furthermore; the surface
morphology was studied by FESEM/EDS, TEM.
Keywords: In-situ technique, Electrostatic Interaction, Coavalent Linkage, Chemical

Reduction, Graphene Nps coated nanohybrid.
367
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Dodecyl Lactate Acrylate)
Manju P1, P. Santhana Gopala Krishnan1, Sanjay Kumar Nayak2

1
Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering
and Technology, Guindy, Chennai,India
2
and Technology, Patia, KIIT, P.O., Bhubaneswar,India
E-mail: psgkrishnan@hotmail.com
Dodecyl lactate was synthesized by reacting equimolar dodecanol with lactic acid by
azeotropic distillation method using toluene as the solvent and sulphuric acid as catalyst. The
synthesized dodecyl lactate was further esteried with equimolar acrylic acid to prepare
dodecyl lactate acrylate using toluene as the azeotropic solvent. The reaction was carried out till
the required amount of water was collected. Both dodecyl lactate and dodecyl lactate acrylate
are colourless liquids. The monomer synthesized was solution polymerized to prepare the poly
(dodecyl lactate acrylate), using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the free radical initiator
and dried THF as the solvent. The formation of dodecyl lactate, dodecyl lactate acrylate and the
poly (dodecyl lactate acrylate) was conrmed using FT-IR spectroscopy and their structural
1 13
characterization using H-NMR and C-NMR studies. Molecular weight was determined using
GPC analysis. Thermal characterization was done using DSC and TGA studies.
Keywords: Dodecyl lactate, Lactic acid, Distillation method
368
Studies on HTPB Based TPU-Halloysite Nanocomposites
1 1 1
Subhashree Subhasmita Pradhan , Suchintita Sutar , Saikrushna Jena ,
1 1 2
Sagarika Dash , P. Santhana Gopala Krishnan , Sanjay Kumar Nayak
1
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Patia, KIIT P.O., Bhubaneswar
2
and Technology, Patia, KIIT, P.O., Bhubaneswar
E-mail: psgkrishnan@hotmail.com
Nanotechnology has become an interesting domain in polymer science and technology

which is expected to have a great impact on polymer application systems. The development of
polymer nanocomposites has opened up enormous potential towards every sector of human life
ranging from household to sensitive parts for spacecraft. We have been working on the
preparation of the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) halloysite nanocomposite system which
may be used where high thermal stability is required. One of the ways to prepare these
nanocomposites is to carry out polymerization of Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadine (HTPB)
and Tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) monomer, 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) as the chain extender and
Halloysite(HNT) as the nanomaterial. Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) was used as the catalyst.
These nanocomposites are unique in terms of their hydrophobicity, thermal stability[1,2].
We developed TPU-nanocomposite by using different wt% of halloysite with HTPB,
TDI and BDO. The TPU-nanocomposite formed was characterized by Fourıer Transmform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Thermal properties were studied by Thermo Gravimetric
Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The ammability test was done
by using Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI).
FT-IR study conrmed the formation of Nanocomposites. From the DSC analysis it was
found that Tg of the nanocomposites was below 50 ‫ ۾‬C. Besides, the thermal stability also
increased for the TPU nanocomposites than TPU and marginal improvement was there in ame
retardency. Thus it can be concluded that HNC can be successfully incorporated in to PU
inorder to enhance its properties.
Keywords: Nanocomposites, Thermoplastic polyurethane, Hydroxyl Terminated

Polybutadine
369
Bio-Based Tri-Functional Epoxy Resin (TEIA) Blend Cured
With Anhydride (MHHPA) Based Cross-Linker:
Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Characterization
Sudheer Kumar, Sushanta K. Samal, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K. Nayak

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), B/25, CNI Complex, Patia,
Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
E-mail: sudheerkumar.211@gmail.com
A novel renewable resource based trifunctional epoxy resin (TEIA) blend with
petroleum based epoxy resin (DGEBA) was fabricated at different ratios and followed by
thermally cured with methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) as curing agent in the
presence of 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) catalyst has been investigated. The tensile and modulus,
strength of virgin epoxy resin (4197 MPa, 2222 MPa) increased to 47.59 MPa, 2515 MPa,
respectively, with the addition of 30% of TEIA. The fracture toughness parameter, critical stress
intensity factor (KIC) revealed enhancement of toughness in the TEIA bio-based blends system.
The thermomechanical properties of TEIA (tri-functional epoxy resin from itaconic acid)
modied petroleum-epoxy networks were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The
fracture morphology also studied by the scanning electron microscopy and atomic force
microscopy respectively.
Keywords: Bio-based epoxy resin, Curing agent (MHHPA), Thermal, Mechanical properties.
370
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane from Castor Oil,
Functionalized with Glycidol and Siloxane
for Biomedical applications
Aiswarea Mathew, Surendra Kurmvanshi, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K. Nayak

1
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, INDIA
2
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), CIPET, Bhubaneswar, INDIA
E-mail: aiswarea@gmail.com
Castor-oil-based polyurethane (PU), epoxy terminated polyurethane (EPU), and

hydroxy terminated poly (dimethyl siloxane) modied EPU (EPDMS) were synthesized. The
PU and EPU were synthesized with polyol:diisocyanate and polyol:diisocyanate:glycidol ratio
of 1:1.2 and 1:3:3, respectively, whereas EPDMS was prepared by the incorporation of 10 wt.%
of HTPDMS into the EPU. The structural elucidation of PU, EPU, and EPDMS were carried
out by FTIR, 1HNMR, solid-state CP/MAS 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopic techniques. The
effect of incorporation of siloxane and glycidol on the thermal properties of PU was analyzed by
thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The improved
hydrophobicity of the EPDMS was observed from water contact angle measurements and the
surface morphology was examined using atomic force microscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity test
revealed the cytocompatibility of the EPDMS which makes them suitable for biomedical
applications.
Keywords: Polyurethane, Castor oil, Siloxane, Glycidol, Biomedical applications
371
Eco-friendly Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-Epoxy Blend Coatings
for Marine Application
Shatakshi Verma1, Smita Mohanty2 and Sanjay K Nayak1

1
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India
2
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Bhubaneswar,Odisha, India
E-mail: shatakshi.verma23@gmail.com
The problem of biofouling is undesirable and this unwanted accumulation and adhesion
of microorganisms on the surface of ship hull leads to economic as well as environmental
hazards. The increase in the weight of ship is accompanied by the subsequent increase in the
drag, increase fuel consumption and emission of greenhouse gases. Epoxy resin based coatings
have attracted extensive research activities as a convenient method for foul-release and
antifouling applications, especially for mild steel protection. Blending of epoxy with
elastomeric resin is routinely employed to improve the dynamic properties of brittle thermoset.
In this direction, epoxy-PDMS blend lms were synthesized and characterized for mechanical,
morphological, surface and thermal properties for comparative analysis. The synthesis of
optimized blends was conrmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, presence of the epoxy resin was
-1
conrmed by absorption peak at 915 cm for neat epoxy coatings. Also, the crosslinking of the
polymeric chains was conrmed by the various stretching peaks of siloxane bonds. The
homogeneity and surface smoothness of the blends was depicted through SEM and AFM
micrographs. An increase in the value of static water contact
angle was also noteworthy for the blend coatings as compared to neat epoxy coatings,
determined using sessile drop technique. The values of the tensile strength and modulus
elevated tremendously, denoting improvement in the toughness and exibility of blend coatings
as compared to brittle neat epoxy coatings. In the fouling study, presence of detectable algal
species was higher for neat epoxy coatings as compared to epoxy-PDMS blend coatings. This
investigation suggested that the utilization of functionalized PDMS is good approach to
produce epoxy composite coating with better mechanical properties. The antifouling properties
of a foul release polymer like PDMS can be increased upto manifolds by the incorporation of
potential nanoparticles into the existing toxic free coating system.
Keywords: Biofouling, Foul-release polymer, Composite coating, Epoxy-PDMS blend
372
Coating Evaluation of Graphene Oxide/
Waterborne Epoxy Acrylate Nanocomposite on Mild Steel
Sukanya Pradhan1, Smita Mohanty2 and Sanjay K Nayak1

1
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, INDIA
2
Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), CIPET, Bhubaneswar, INDIA
E-mail: pradhan.sukanya2@gmail.com
In this study, graphene oxide was prepared by oxidizing graphite akes following
the hummer's method. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by exfoliating graphite oxide in
deionized water under sonication process. The synthesis of graphene was investigated by
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-
ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The waterborne epoxy acrylate (WBEA) was synthesized from
ESO and acrylic acid. The coatings were prepared by the incorporation of different wt% of GO
into the WBEA matrix via sonication process. The coating properties analyses revealed the
improvement in the overall performance characteristics by the addition of GO into the WBEA
matrix.
Keywords: Waterborne epoxy acrylate, Anticorrosion, coating, Graphene oxide
373

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

Marching Towards Technological Development

Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials

1. The state of the WPC (wood-plastic composites) in the Brazilian market 02

2. Current advancement of biocomposites in our composite research group 03

4. Polymer-based nanoengineered materials with immense techno-socio-economic impact 05

6. Advances in polymeric materials for infection control and prevention 07

7. Mechanical characterization of polymeric materials at macro-, micro-, and nano-scales 08

8. Emerging utility of light induced processes for macromolecular synthesis 09

11. Recycling for sustainability 12

12. Nanostructured thermoset blends compatibilized with an amphiphilic block copolymer 13

13. Polymer through curiosity, vision and knowledge 14

16. Innovation in healthcare for india: role of polymeric biomaterials 18

18. Nano functionalization of polymer surfaces for biomedical applications 21

19. Polymers for intraocular lens application 22

22. Mesoporous and hollow polymers nanostructure for drug delivery 26

24. Break through applications of polymer based nanotechnology in plastic surgery 29

25. Nature: a great supplier of green polyol for PU 32

26. Graphene based nanostructured materials for energy applications 33

29. Organic solar cells: challenges in materials design and devices 36

32. Production of polymeric biocomposites using enzymatically treated riceby-product as reinforcement 39

38. Block copolymer modied cellulose through controlled method of polymerization 46

39. Novel phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin 47

40. High performance polymers: Polyimide chemistry to applications 48

42. Innovations in polymer nanocomposite coatings for EMI shielding applications 51

49. Energy absorption of jute/kevlar ber hybrid epoxy composites 63

51. Role of clay-based polymeric nanocomposites in re retardant technology 65

54. Novel strategy for synthesis of bionanocomposites 69

56. Carbon nanostructures based polymer composites for EMI shielding 73

58. ITC well being out of waste 76

60. Fabrication of syntactic foam from thermal power plant waste 79

61. Plastic waste management – challenges and opportunities 81

62. Role of IPR in commercialization of technology-role of NRDC 82

63. Hyperbranched polymers in waste water treatment and Hg2+sensing 86

68. Smart material revolutionize the automobile industry 94

71. Thinking Rheo-logically-Aspects of Polymer Foam Processability. 97

73. Study on silver gelatin bionanocomposite 102

75. Application of Block Copolymer Micelles as Drug Delivery Agents 105

81. Development of antimicrobial polyethylene terephthalate sutures: a fascinating approach 112

ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE

102. UHTC Fabrication, Characterization and Prototype Development 141

105. Rheological-Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Hybrid Composites 144

HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS

122. Dispersion of Nanoclay Platelets on Starch Grafted Polyethylhexylacrylate/ Polyvinylalcohol 164

131. Effect on Compressive Properties of MWCNT/Graphene/Nanodiamond Hybrid Epoxy Composites 175

136. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (N-Tert-Amylacrylamide - Co -Acrylamide / 182

143. Development of MA-g-ABS/ZnO Polymer Nanocomposite for Anti-Microbial Materials 191

145. Recycling of WEEE Polymers: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities 196

154. Poly(AAC-AM-SH) Superabsorbent Hydrogels as Soil Modiers 207

175. Development and characterization of bioglass reinforced polymer scaffold 231

178. Flexi electrochemical transducers for sensing neurotransmitters 235

183. Designing the synthesis of biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylonitrile)/montmorillonite 240

190. Review on super plastics forming of metals 249

191. Effect of lubricant on glass lled ABS and SAN 250

206. Hetero-aromatic-uorescent polyesters: synthesis, characterization and thermal studies 265

215. Novel Nucleating Agent For Semi Crystalline Materials 274

218. A novel hybrid cotton bandage patch 277

219. Enhancement of damping & mechanical properties of rubber damper 278

220. Mechanical properties of epoxy syntactic foams 279

222. Ionic polymer and its application in medical 281

223. Introduction to polymer based magno damper 282

225. Structural motion controller using tuned mass damper 284

229. Thin lms & coatings 288