NAVAL ARCHITECTURE -ASSIGNEMENT NO.

LAWS OF FLOATATION

1. A drum of mass 14 kg when empty, is 75 cm long, and 60 cm in diameter. Find its draft in salt water if it
contains 200 litres of paraffin of relative density 0.63.

2. A cube of wood of relative density 0.81 has sides 30 cm long. If a mass of 2 kg is placed on the top of
the cube with its centre of gravity vertically over that of the cube, find the draft in salt water.

3. A rectangular tank (3mX1.2mX0.6m) has no lid and is floating in fresh water at a draft of 15 cm.
Calculate the minimum amount of fresh water which must be poured into the tank to sink it.

4. A cylindrical salvage buoy is 5 metres long, 2.4 metres in diameter, and floats on an even keel in salt
water with its axis in the water-plane. Find the upthrust which this buoy will produce when fully
immersed.

5. A homogeneous log of rectangular cross-section is 30 cm wide and 25 cm deep. The log floats at a draft
of 17 cm. Find the reserve buoyancy and the distance between the centre of buoyancy and the centre of
gravity.

6. A homogeneous log of rectangular cross-section is 5m. long, 60 cm wide, 40 cm deep, and floats in
fresh water at a draft of 30 cm. Find the mass of the log and its relative density.

7. A homogeneous log is 3m long, 60 cm wide, 60 cm deep, and has relative density 0.9. Find the distance
between the centres of buoyancy and gravity when the log is floating in fresh water.

8. A log of square section is 5m 1m 1m. The relative density of the log is 0.51 and it floats half submerged
in dock water. Find the relative density of the dock water.

9. A box-shaped vessel 20m 6m 2.5m floats at a draft of 1.5m in water of density 1013 kg per cu. m. Find
the displacement in tonnes, and the height of the centre of buoyancy above the keel.

10. An empty cylindrical drum 1 metre long and 0.6m. in diameter has mass 20 kg. Find the mass which
must be placed in it so that it will float with half of its volume immersed in (a) salt water, and (b) fresh
water.

11. A lifeboat, when fully laden, displaces 7.2 tonnes. Its dimensions are 7.5m 2.5m 1m, and its block
coefficient 0.6. Find the percentage of its volume under water when floating in fresh water.

12. A homogeneous log of relative density 0.81 is 3 metres long, 0.5 metres square cross-section, and is
floating in fresh water. Find the displacement of the log, and the distance between the centres of gravity
and buoyancy.

13. A box-shaped barge 55m 10m 6m. is floating in fresh water on an even keel at 1.5m draft. If 1800
tonnes of cargo is now loaded, find the difference in the height of the centre of buoyancy above the keel.

14. A box-shaped barge 75m 6m 4m displaces 180 tonnes when light. If 360 tonnes of iron are loaded while
the barge is floating in fresh water, find her final draft and reserve buoyancy.

15. A drum 60 cm in diameter and 1 metre long has mass 30 kg when empty. If this drum is filled with oil of
relative density 0.8, and is floating in fresh water, find the percentage reserve buoyancy.
Answers 1. 0.484m 2. 0.256m 3. 1.62 tonnes 4. 11.6 tonnes
5. 0.04 m, 32 per cent 6. 900 kg, S.G. 0.75 7. 0.03m 8. 1.02
9. 0.75 m, 182.34 tonnes 10. (a) 125 kg (b) 121.4 kg 11. 64 per cent
12. (a) 607.5 kg (b) 4.75 cm 13. 1.636m 14. (a) 1.2m (b) 70 per cent 15. 9.4%

TPC, FWA, DWA, PLIMSOLL LINE

1. A ship is lying at the mouth of a river in water of density 1024 kg per cu.m and the displacement is 12
000 tonnes. The ship is to proceed up river and to berth in dock water of density 1008 kg per cu.m with
the same draft as at present. Find how much cargo must be discharged.
Ans. 187.5 tonnes

2. A ship arrives at the mouth of a river in water of density 1016 kg per cu.m with a freeboard of 'S' m. She
then discharges 150 tonnes of cargo, and proceeds up river to a second port, consuming 14 tonnes of
bunkers. When she arrives at the second port the freeboard is again `S' m., the density of the water being
1004 kg per cu. m. Find the ship's displacement on arrival at the second port.
Ans. 13721.3tonnes

3. A ship loads in fresh water to her salt water marks and proceeds along a river to a second port
consuming 20 tonnes of bunkers. At the second port, where the density is 1016 kg per cu. m, after 120
tonnes of cargo have been loaded, the ship is again at the load salt water marks. Find the ship's load
displacement in salt water. Ans. 6 406.25 tonnes

4. A ship floating in dock water of density 1005 kg per cu.m has the lower edge of her Summer load line in
the waterline to starboard and 50mm above the waterline to port. FWA 175mm and TPC 12 tonnes. Find
the amount of cargo which can yet be loaded in order to bring the ship to the load draft in salt water.
Ans. 228 tonnes

5. A ship is floating at 8 metres mean draft in dock water of relative density 1.01. TPC . 15 tonnes, and
FWA . 150 mm. The maximum permissible draft in salt water is 8.1 m. Find the amount of cargo yet to
load. Ans. 285 tonnes

6. A ship's light displacement is 3450 tonnes and she has on board 800 tonnes of bunkers. She loads 7250
tonnes of cargo, 250 tonnes of bunkers, and 125 tonnes of fresh water. The ship is then found to be
75mm from the load draft. TPC, 12 tonnes. Find the ship's deadweight and load displacement.
Ans. (a) 8515 tonnes (b) 11 965 tonnes

7. A ship has a load displacement of 5400 tonnes, TPC . 30 tonnes. If she loads to the Summer load line in
dock water of density 1010 kg per cu. m, find the change in draft on entering salt water of density 1025
kg per cu. m. Ans. 27mm

8. A ship's FWA is 160 mm, and she is floating in dock water of density 1012 kg per cu. m. Find the
change in draft when she passes from dock water to salt water. Ans. 83.2mm

9. A ship has a constant cross-section in the form of a triangle which floats apex down in sea water. The
ship is 85 m long, 12 m wide at the deck and has a depth from keel to deck of 9 m. Draw the
displacement curve using 1.25 m intervals of draught from the keel to the 7.5 m waterline. From this
curve obtain the displacement in fresh water at a draught of 6.30 m. Ans. 2390 tonnes
10. The length of a ship is 18 times the draught, while the breadth is 2.1 times the draught. At the load
waterplane, the waterplane area coefficient is 0.83 and the difference between the TPC in sea water and
the TPC in fresh water is 0.7. Determine the length of the ship and the TPC in fresh water.
Ans. 170m, 28

11. A ship enters harbour and discharges 6% of its displacement. It then travels upriver to a berth and the
total change in draught is found to be 20 cm. The densities of the harbour and berth water are
respectively 1.023 tlm3 and 1.005 t/m3 and the TPC in the harbour water is 19. Calculate the original
displacement and state whether the draught has been increased or reduced.
Ans. 8613 tonnes, reduced by 20cm

12. Before bunkering in harbor the draught of a vessel of 12 000 tonne displacement is 8.16 m. the
waterplane area being 1625 m3. After loading 1650 tonne of fuel and entering sea water of density 1.024
t/m3, the draught is 9.08m. Assuming that the waterplane area remains constant and neglecting any fuel
etc. expended in moving the vessel, calculate the density of the harbor water.
Ans. 1.014 t/m3
13. A box shaped vessel of length 200m, breadth 39m and depth 12m is floating in salt water. If her summer
draught is 8m, calculate the displacement when she is floating at her tropical, fresh and winter draught. .
Ans. 50227.05 tonne, 50430 tonne, 48172.95 tonne

14. A vessel of displacement 12000 t, TPC 20, arrived at a river port at an even keel draft of 6.2m, in water
of RD 1.020. The tide is expected to fall by 70 cm at low water, when the RD of the water is expected to
be 1.012. If on arrival the under keel clearance was 30 cm, find the minimum amount of cargo to
discharge to ensure that she will have an under keel clearance of 20cm at low water.
Ans. 1278.95 tonnes

15. A vessel of summer displacement 17000 tonnes is floating at a draft of 9.8 m in water of density 1.008
tonnes/m3 in a winter zone, TPC 20.4 tonnes/cm, summer load draft 10.4 m. How much more cargo
may she load in order to complete loading at the appropriate load line? Ans. 1051 Tonnes

16. A baulk of timber 4m long, 1.5m wide and 1m deep has a relative density (RD) of 0.75. A steel cube of
side 0.5m and RD 8.0 is attached beneath the timber and the two float in salt water of RD 1.025.
Calculate the draft (T).( See Fig below)

17. A ship 120 m long, 17 m beam and 7.2 m draught has a block coefficient of 0.76. A parallel section of
6m long ( Parallel middle body) is added to the ship amidships. The midship area coefficient is 0.96.
Find the new displacement and block coefficient.
18. A ship is 60 m long, 16 m beam and has a draught of 5 m in sea water, block coefficient 0.7 and
waterplane area coefficient 0.8. Calculate the draught at which it will float in fresh water.
19. A ship 150 m long and 20.5 m beam floats at a draught of 8 m and displaces 19500 tonne. The TPC is
26.5 and midship section area coefficient 0.94. Calculate the block, prismatic and waterplane area
coefficients.
20. A ship 65m long and 12 m beam floats at its summer load line draft of 7m. Its block coefficient and
water plane area coefficient are 0.799 and 0.797 respectively. Find Water plane area, displacement in
Tonnes and TPC at the draft and also find drafts in WNA, Winter, Tropical, Fresh Water, tropical Fresh
Water as per Load line regulations.
21. A box shaped vessel of length 200m X 39m X 12m is floating in salt water. If her summer draft is 8m,
calculate her displacements, when she is floating at her tropical, fresh and winter drafts.