PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4 - SWIMMING

INSTRUCTOR: LUCHIE MAE A. LAMPREA

INTRODUCTION

Learning how to swim only can be fun by itself but it is a valuable lifetime skill essentail to safe participation in all
types of water activities such as boating, fishing, sailing and others. It also provides self-confidence while traveling in water
or by sea, especially the Negrenses who take the boat in going to nearby Iloilo City, Cebu City and even to Manila.

Swimming is one activity that is essential to life of the person considering its fun and joy with safety in water during
emergencies and crawlstroke (freestyle) should be learn to the fullest.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SWIMMING

It is believed that the man learned how to swim by observing animals. It is also believed that the initial stroke
that was observed and used was that of the dog’s propelling itself through the water. Thus - Dog Paddle was imitated
and used.

Carving on walls found dating back to 9000 B.C. showed pictures of swimmers. Swimming was a part of the
training of Greek Roman warriors during the middle ages. The Greeks, Romans, Angl-Saxon and Scandinavians
classical heroes dealt with greater feast of swimming prowess.

Competitive swimming began when England conducted a swimming competitive meet in London in 1862.
Captain Matthew Webb of England swam across the England Channel on August 24 and 25, 1875 using breastroke.

In 1886, swimming for man included in the First Modern Olympics Games in Athens as revived by Barin Pierre de
Coubertin. Women started to complete in Olympics swimming in 1912 held in Stockholm.

J, Arthur Trudgen, Also an Englishman, refined the crawlstroke in 1880. In about 1906, an American named
Charles Daniels developed the American crawl which was molded after the Australian crawl.

FINA (Federacion Internationale de Natacion Amateur) or International Swimming Federation.

PASA (Philippines Amateur Swimming Association)

NOASA (Negros Occidental Amateur Swimming Association)

NOSA (Negros Occidental Swimming Association)

TIMELINE

1837 - Competitions were held in man-made pools in London.

1862 - The very first indoor pool in the history of swimming.

1880 - More pools were built and another swimming organization was established.

- J, Arthur Trudgen refined the crawlstroke.

1886 - Swimming joined the Olympics as a men’s sport.

1875 - Captain Matthew Webb Swam the England Channel.

1906 - Charles Daniels developped the American crawl.

1912 - Women started to complete in Olympics held in Stockholm.

 1896 - The very first events were the freestyle stroke and the breastroke stroke. They swam in the
Mediterranean sea.

1904– The Back stroke added to the Olympics.

1912 - Electronic timing first started being used. This made the times swimmers got more accurate.

1924 – 50m Pool with lanes first used in the Olympics

1930 – The Butterfly stroke was developed

1943 – The first two-piece swimming suits were invented.

1976 - Goggles were first used in the Olympics. Goggles are used to protect the swimmers eyes from the chlorine
in the pool.

VAUES AND IMPORTANCE IN SWIMMING

1. Physiological Value- doctors agree that swimming is the best exercise for the lungs, muscles and bones.

2. Safety Value- you will not only be able to save your own life but also the life of other people in case of
emergency.

3. Recreational Value- swimming is a worthwhile activity that one can engage in during leisure hours.

4. Competitive Value- when one is endowed with the ability in swimming. He/she might be able to engage in any
simple activity leading to competition in swimming.

5. Social Value- swimming can be a factor in good peer relationship. It offers many opportunities for social
interactions with other people.

TERMINOLOGIES

1. Aquatics- pertaining to water or sports performed in the water.

2. Buoyancy- the upward force of the water in a submersed object.

3. Breath Control- involves the ability to hold breath as well as exchange air through the mouth and nose in a
rhythmic manner.

4. Float- to be suspended in the water or staying on surface of the water without support.

5. Freestyle - official name of the front crawl stroke used more commonly at a competitive level.

6. Dolphin kick - It involves a whipping motion with the legs, keeping your feet together, similar to how a dolphin
swims.

7. Tumble turns - underwater somersaults used in backstroke and freestyle that allow swimmers to push off
from the wall for the next length.

8. Glide - is when you are coasting along with a pause in your stroke.

SANITARY MEASURES

In preparation for any swimming activity in any swimming pool, one should observe the following sanitary
measure to protect himself and others from contacting any common skin diseases.

1. Never swim while having any type of contagious disease or infection.

2. To avoid contaminating the pool, a cleansing shower should be taken in the nude, using water and soap
before entering the pool. The water in most swimming pools is kept clean and sanitary to every effort should be made
to keep it so.

3. Bathing caps should be worn in all pools by men and women.

4. Pollution of water by spitting, spouting, or blowing the nose should be careful be avoided. Never spit on the
runways of water or where it may be tracked back into the pool.

5. If you must have the pool to go the toilet or for any other reason, you should take another shower with soap
and water before returning in the pool.

6. Animals of all types should be excluded from the pool area.

7. Adjust to the water temperature slowly through a shower or by rubbing the extremities of the body first.8.
Avoid using soiled or dirty towels or common toilet articles.
 8. Avoid using soiled or dirty towels or common toilet articles.

9. Upon leaving the pool, one should take a bath in the nude with soap and water.

Remember: Almost all swimming pools are chemically treated to guarantee 99 percent free from contaminating
germs. But the 1 percent is still dangerous if you allow it to be in your body for longer period of time.

10. Before dressing, dry the entire body surface, paying particular attention in the hair and between fingers and
toes.

SAFETY MEASURES IN WATER

1. Never swim alone.

2. Obey the rules and regulations of the swimming facility.

3. Do not remain in the water if too tired or chilled.

4. Do not enter the water immediately after eating.

5. Never dive into any strange body of the water headfirst without first testing for depth by a feet first entry of a
surface dive.

6. Adjust to the water temperature slowly through a shower or by rubbing the extremities of the body first.

7. Never yell for help unless you are in real trouble.

8. Never play rough in the pool area.

9. Never push, pull or throw anyone in the water.

10. Do not bring any articles to the swimming area that might cause injury to self and others.

EQUIPMENT

1. MASK - designed to cover your eyes and nos. Normally used in Scuba.

2. Goggles - designed to keep the water out of the eyes. Creates an air space in front of the eye in which
increases visibility underwater.

3. Ear plugs- used to reduce the chance of ear infection. Dangerous if used in depths than 6-8 feet underwater.

4. Nose clips - are little devices made of bent wire padded with rubber. They are designed to keep the water out
of your nose.

5. Kickboard- designed to float and used primarily for practicing the kicking skills. Can be held in many different
positions.

6. Pull Buoy - designed to be worn between the legs (somewhere between the knees and crotch) to isolate the
arms for stroke drills.

7. Life Jacket - a Personal Flotation Device (PFD) designed to be worn by the user. It will keep the swimmer on
the surface of the water. Life jackets are the safest choice for non-swimmers who wish to venture into deep
water.

8. Fins or flippers- designed to increase the propulsive effect of the kick . May be used by weak swimmers to
experience better body positions or swimming faster.

9. Paddle and Mitts - use hand paddles or hand mitts for extra arm - strengthen work

10. Safety Line- designed to divide shallow water (5 feet or less) from deep water. Should be standard at all tools
with deep water.

11. Rescue Equipment- standard most pools and includes aluminum reaching pole.

12. Ring Buoy- a life preserver in a form of a ring.

SWIMMING EVENTS

FREESTYLE BACKSTROKE/BREASTROKE/BUTTERFLY
50m free 800m free 200m back/breast/butterfly

100m free 1500m free 400m back/breast/butterfly

200m free

400m free

INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY RELAY

200m IM (order of swim: fly, back, breast and free)

400m IM

TEAM MEDLEY RELAY

4X50 (back, breast, fly free

4X100

FREE RELAY

4-50m FR relay

4x100 m FR relay

4x200 m FR relay

SWIMMING OFFICIALS

1 1 Meet Referee (MR)

2. 1 Chief Finish Judge (CFJ)

3. 7 finish judge (FJ)

4. 1 Chief Stroke Judegs (CSJ)

5. 5 Stroke Judges (SJ)

6. 1 Lap recorder (LP)

7. 1 Chief recorder (CR)

8. 1 Ready Bench Officer (RBO)

9. 1 Starter (S)

10. 1 False Start Rope Operator (FSRO)

11. 1 Chief Timer (CT)

12. 24 Lane timer (LN)

13. 1 Pool Marshall

KINDS OF ENTRANCE AND EXIT

1. Slide in Entry

2. Compact Jump

3. Step in Entry

4. Stride in Entry

5. Entrance and Exit using the ladder

6. Entrance and Exit using the gutter

7. Dive in

KINDS OF FLOAT
 When floating, breathe in and out very gently so that your lungs stay full of air and keep you afloat.

1. Turtle float - The knees are raised to the chest and encircled by the arms.

2. Jellyfish float - holding the ankles with the hands. Dangle head and upper body downward, letting water bouy you.

3. Star float - stretch out on the surface as if you were lying on a clock face with your arms at about 10 o’clock and 2 o’clock
and your feet at about 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock.

4. Deadman’s float - Lying on the prone (face down in the water) with minimal leg movement, and staying afloat with the
natural buoyancy

5. Prone float - face downward, legs extended backward, and arms stretched forward.

6. Supine float - face up with arms and legs extended.

7. Treading water - is an aspect of swimming that involves a swimmer staying in a vertical position in the water while
keeping his or her head above the surface of the water.

STROKES

FREESTYLE

Freestyle swimming implies the freedom to choose any stroke style for competitive swimming. This style is generally the
fastest.

Freestyle swimming implies the freedom to choose any stroke style for competitive swimming. This style is generally the
fastest.

BACKSTROKE

is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on
the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to
see where they are going.

BREASTSTROKE

is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular
recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum
comfortably at slow speeds.

BUTTERFLY

is a swimming stroke swum on the chest, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also
known as the "dolphin kick").

MEASUREMENT : 25m by 50m with 10 lanes