Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
 Every Monday - Wednesday - Friday
6 pm (1 hour FREE Class)

Fri: Application of Derivatives - 2 (Tangents and Normals)

Mon: Application of Derivatives - 3

(Angle of Intersection and Mean Value Theorems)
Tangents and Normals

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
TANGENTS AND NORMALS

MATHEMATIC
S
Tangents and Normals

Tangents APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

y = f(x) dy
We know that = f ′(x)
dx
P
(x0, y0)

f ′(x0) = Slope of tangent at (x0, y0)

Hence, equation of a tangent at (x0 , y0) is

y – y0 = f ′(x0)(x – x0)
MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

Normals
APPLICATION
y = f(x) OF DERIVATIVES
Normal is perpendicular to Tangent
P
(x0, y0)

Slope of Normal at (x0, y0) = –1 /f ′(x0)

Hence, the equation of a Normal at (x0 , y0) is

y – y0 = –1 /f ′(x0) (x – x0)
MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
EXAMPLES ON TANGENTS AND NORMALS

MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

Example
The angle between the tangents to the curve
at the point and is
AIEEE 2006
A

D
Tangents and Normals

Example
The angle between the tangents to the curve at the point
and is
A B C D
Solution:
Tangents and Normals

Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
The slope of the tangent to the curve y = at the point where
x = 1 is

C 1

D None of these MATHEMATIC

S
Tangents and Normals

Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
The slope of the tangent to the curve y = at the point where
x = 1 is

A B C 1 D None of these

Solution:

MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

Example Find equation of tangent to the curve:

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
x5 + y5 – 2xy = 0 at (1, 1)

MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

Example Find equation of tangent to the curve x5 + y5 – 2xy = 0 at (1, 1)

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Solution
x5 + y5 – 2xy = 0

Differentiating w.r.t. x

4 4
dy dy
5x + 5y – 2y – 2x =0
dx dx

4
dy
(5y – 2x) = 2y – 5x4
dx
MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

Example Find equation of tangent to the curve x5 + y5 – 2xy = 0 at (1, 1)

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Solution x5 + y5 – 2xy = 0 Differentiating w.r.t. x

4
dy 4
dy
5x + 5y – 2y – 2x =0
dx dx So of equation tangent at (1,1) is

4
dy
(5y – 2x) = 2y – 5x4 y – 1 = – ( x – 1)
dx

dy 2y – 5x4 2–5
= = = –1
dx (x0 , y0) 5y4 – 2x x = x0
5–2
y=y
MATHEMATIC 0

So slope of tangent at (1,1) = –1 S

Tangents and Normals
Example
Find equation ofAPPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
tangent to the curve: x = t2 + 3t – 8 , y = 2t2 – 2t – 5
at (2, –1)

MATHEMATIC
S
Tangents and Normals
Example
APPLICATION
Find equation of tangent to the curveOF
x =DERIVATIVES
t2 + 3t – 8 , y = 2t2 – 2t – 5 at (2, –1)

Solution :
dy
We need to find
So t2 + 3t – 8 = 2 t = 2, – 5 dx (2, –1)
2t2 – 2t – 5 = –1 t = 2, – 1
We need value of t corresponding
to x = 2 and y = – 1;

Common value of t is 2
MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals
Example
APPLICATION
Find equation of tangent to the curveOF
x =DERIVATIVES
t2 + 3t – 8 , y = 2t2 – 2t – 5 at (2, –1)

Solution : dx dy
= 2t + 3 , = 4t – 2
dt dt
So t2 + 3t – 8 = 2 t = 2, – 5
2t2 – 2t – 5 = –1 t = 2, – 1 dy dy dx 4t – 2
We need value of t corresponding
dx
=
dt / dt
=
2t + 3
to x = 2 and y = – 1; So slope of tangent at (2 , – 1) = 6/7
A common value of t is 2
So equation of tangent at (2 , – 1) is

We need to find
dy MATHEMATIC
y+1 =
6
(x – 2)
dx (2, –1) S 7
Tangents and Normals
Example
If the normal to the curve at the point (3, 4) makes an angle
with the positive X-axis, then f’(3) =
A IIT Screening 2000

D
Tangents and Normals

If the normal to the curve at the point (3, 4) makes an angle

with the positive X-axis, then f’(3) =
A B C D
IIT Screening 2000
Solution:

∴ slope of the normal

Tangents and Normals

If the normal to the curve at the point (3, 4) makes an angle

with the positive X-axis, then f’(3) =
A B C D
IIT Screening 2000
Solution:

According to the given condition, the slope of the normal =

Applications of Derivative - Tangent and Normal
Applications of Derivative - Tangent and Normal
Applications of Derivative - Tangent and Normal
Applications of Derivative - Tangent and Normal
Tangents and Normals

Example If tangent at point P (1,1) meets the curve again at point Q.

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Find point Q, if curve is y2 = 2x – x3

MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

Example If tangent at point P (1,1) meets the curve again at point Q.

APPLICATION
Find point Q, if curve is yOF
2 DERIVATIVES
= 2x – x3.

P(1,1)

MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

Example If tangent at point P (1,1) meets the curve again at point Q.

APPLICATION
Find point Q, if curve is yOF
2 DERIVATIVES
= 2x – x3.
Q
Solution 2
Curve is y = 2x – x 3

dy
2y = 2 – 3x2 Differentiating w.r.t. x P(1,1)
dx
Put x = 1 & y = 1 m = dy/dx = –1/2
–1
y–1 = ( x – 1)
2
2y + x = 3
3–x MATHEMATIC
y =
2 S
Tangents and Normals
3–x
y = Curve is y2 = 2x – x3 Q
2 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

⇒ 3–x 2 P(1,1)
= 2x – x3
2

4x3 + x2 – 14x + 9 =0

(x – 1) (4x2 + 5x – 9) =0

MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals
3–x
y = Curve is y2 = 2x – x3 Q
2 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

⇒ 3–x 2 P(1,1)
= 2x – x3
2

4x3 + x2 – 14x + 9 = 0

(x – 1) (4x2 + 5x – 9) = 0

(x – 1) (x – 1) (4x + 9) = 0
–9 , 21
–9 9 21 ∴ Point Q
MATHEMATIC
x= y=3+ = 4 8
4 4 8
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

Errors and Approximations

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Approximation is, knowing the value of a function at one point and using it to
decide the value of the function at another point.

E.g. We know the value of f(2) And we approximate the value of f(2.001)

Error: If error in x is Δx, and y is a function of x, what will be the error in y ?

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure
Results
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Δy dy
We know, if Δx → 0, then the quantity =
Δx dx
However, if Δx is small, then Δy dy f(a + h) – f(a)
≈ f ′ (a) =
Δx dx h
dy
1) Δy ≈ ×Δx
dx Smaller the magnitude of Δx , better is the
approximation

2) f(a + h) = f(a) + h.f ′(a)

It is used to find f(a + h);
MATHEMATIC
knowing f(a) and f ′(a)
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Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION
Home Assignment

MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
On the ellipse the points at which the tangents are
parallel to the line are
IIT 1999

D
MATHEMATIC
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Tangents and Normals

Example
The equation of the normal to the parabola at is:

AIEEE 2012
A

D
https://vdnt.in/JEEVedantu
 Every Monday - Wednesday - Friday
6 pm (1 hour FREE Class)

Fri: Application of Derivatives - 2 (Tangents and Normals)

Mon: Application of Derivatives - 3

(Angle of Intersection and Mean Value Theorems)
Tangents and Normals
Example
On the ellipse the points at which the tangents are
parallel to the line are
A B C D
Solution: ….(i)
Differentiate w.r.t.x, we get

The given line is i.e.,

Since, the tangents are parallel to this line.
….(ii)
Tangents and Normals

Putting (ii) in (i), we get

From (ii),

when

and when
Tangents and Normals
Example
The equation of the normal to the parabola at is
A B

C D
Solution: When x=4,

Now,
Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get

∴ the equation of the normal at (4,2) is