WATER PIPELINE

AIM:

To lay main water pipe line with proper planning and finishing with the following characteristics:

 Tested pressure 12kg/cm2

 Gradient 1:120

REQUIREMENT:

 Pipe size
 Rubber gasket
 Flange
 Nuts and bolts
 Long bend pipe
 Short bend pipe
 Bucket
 spanner
 Measuring tape = 30m
 Ruler

TOOLS & EQUIPMENTS:

 Wrench = 6 number [27mm head]

 Hydraulic hand test pump machine

THEORY:

Hydrostatic testing is the most common method employed for testing pipes and pressure vessels.
Using this test helps maintain safety standards & durability of a vessel over time. The test involves
filling the vessel or pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid in visual leak
detection & pressurization of the vessel to the specified test vessel. Total setup in sequence

 Connecting flange
 Short bend
 Pipe
 Long bend
 Pipe
 End flange

psi= Pound force per square inch, which means pressure resulting from force of 1 pound force

applied to an area of one square inch. (1psi = 6895 N/sq. m)

ADVANTAGES:

 Pipelines can be laid through different terrains as well as underwater.

  It involves very low energy consumption.
 It needs very little maintenance.
 Pipelines are safe, accident free and environment friendly.

DISADVANTAGES:

 It is not flexible i.e. it can be used only for a few fixed points.
 Its capacity cannot be increased once it is laid.
 It is difficult to make security arrangements for pipelines.
 Underground pipelines cannot be easily repaired and detection of leakage is also difficult.

SAFETY MEASURES:

 Follow all the safety measures very precisely like using helmets, gloves and shoes.
 Tight the nuts and bolts very carefully such that no leakage should be there.
 Handle the pipes and other equipments very carefully as all are very heavy weighted.

PROCEDURE:

 Collect all the materials as per design.

 Join as per drawing.
 Long bend installed followed by short bend with the help of wrench and nuts, bolts &
washers.
 Rubber gasket placed in between pipe joints to prevent possible leakage.
 Water had been filled into the pipe setup from short bend with the help of either bucket or
 water pipe.
 Front flange was connected to the hand operated pressure testing machine.
 Hand pump was operated to apply pressure and release air bubbles from the system.
 Reading was noted from the pressure gauge and the pressure was released.
 Possible leakages were identified & rectified by tightening bolts in the same location.
 Calculations made & inferences noted.

CALCULATION:

Capacity of water in pipeline:

Total length of pipe (L)

L = length of [long pipes + long bent + short bent]

Diameter of pipeline =

Volume of pipeline = π^2 * R * H

Capacity of pipeline =

CONCLUSION:
Pressure gauge shows deflection when leakage is present.

When all leakages fixed, the assembly resists all pressure efficiently.