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com

Chemistry Project
CHEMISTRY PROJECT
on
On
"Determination of contents of Cold Drinks"
Determination Of The
Contents Of Cold Drinks

PROJECT
Project PREPARED
Report By: BY:
Ga Aakash
Dhruv
urav
Jaiswal sangal
XII
XII-Xsci
II - A
Sess 22Sess62019-20
Session: 0ioion
n:- 20: 11211
0 --081212-2009
S. D.ard’s
Patwa
Bo VidyaRMollandiNu
Academy r

Submitted to Mrs. mber

Rachana : 6229000
Jain
Board ro ll no. :-
Mot h er Di vin e Sr.
Sec. Public School
Submitted to Mrs. Manju khurana
 AIM
Aim

COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE

COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT
COLD DRINKS BRANDS
AVAILABLE OF
IN MARKET.
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude
and respect to all those who helped me throughout this
venture.

I owe my regard to Mrs. K Prabavathi, Principal of K.V

,Mankhurd, for her cooperation and valuable support and for
giving me the opportunity to undertake this project work and
providing the necessary infrastructure.

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my revered teacher

and guide Mrs. Nupur Sharma (Chemistry teacher) and Mr.
Deepak for their valuable guidance, encouragement and
support throughout my studentship under their at the institute.

Last but not the least; I owe my overwhelming gratitude to my

family and friends who gave me constant support and
motivation to continue with this endeavor.
 Purpose
PURPOSE U
RPOSE
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into
various questions
In recent regarding
days, soft their were
drink brands purity.
putNews
into
flashed that
various they contain
questions harmful
regarding their pesticide,
purity. Newswhich
flashed
that they
arouse many contain harmful
interest pesticide,
in knowing its which arouse many
contents
interest
because in knowing
I have its contents
been drinking thembecause I have
for years. I been
drinking
wanted them for
to confirm thatyears. I wanted
whether to confirm that
the charge
whether the charge imposed on these brands are true or
imposed on these brands are true or not.
not.

Another
Another fact which
fact whichinspired
inspiredme
metoto do thisproject
do this projectisisthat
thatI I am
am inin touch
touchwith
withqualitative analysis
qualitative whose
analysis whose
knowledge
knowledge withwith other
other factorshelped
factors helpedmeme toto do
do so.
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CONTENTS
Contents
I. Introduction
I. Introduction
II. Theory
II.III.
Theory
Apparatus
III. Apparatus
IV. Chemicals Required
IV. Chemicals Required
V. Detection of pH
V. Detection of pH
VI.Test
VI. Testfor
for Carbon
Carbon Dioxide
Dioxide
VII. Test
VII. Test for
for Glucose
lucose
VIII. Testfor
III. Test forPhosphate
Phosphate
IX. Test for Alcohol
IX. Test for Alcohol
X. Test for Sucrose
X. Result
XI. Test for Sucrose
XI. Conclusion
XII. Result
XII. Conclusion
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Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization
industrializationininIndia marked
India markedits beginning withwith
its beginning
launching
launchingofofLimca
Limca and Goldspot
and Goldspot by by
parley group
parley of of
group
companies.
companies.Since, thethe
Since, beginning
beginningof cold drinks
of cold was was
drinks
highly
highlyprofitable and and
profitable luring, many multinational
luring, many multinational
companies
companieslaunched
launchedtheir brands
their in in
brands India likelike
India Pepsi
Pepsi
and
andCoke.
Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority of
Now days,
people vieweditSprite,
is observed
Miranda,in general
and Limcathattomajority
give of
peopleofviewed
feeling Sprite,
lightness, whileMiranda,
Pepsi andand Limca
Thumps Up to
to give
feeling pulse
activate of lightness,
and brain.while Pepsi and Thumps Up to
activate pulse and brain.
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Theory
THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates,
carbohydrates,carbon
carbondioxide,
dioxide,phosphate
phosphate ions etc. These
ions etc. Thesesoft
softdrinks
drinks
givegive
feeling of warmth,
feeling lightness
of warmth, andand
lightness have a tangy
have taste
a tangy which
taste is liked
which is
by everyone. Carbon dioxide
liked by everyone. Carbon is responsible
dioxide for the formation
is responsible of froth
for the formation
of froth on
on shaking theshaking
bottle. the bottle.

TheThe carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxide gasgas
is is dissolvedininwater
dissolved watertotoformformcarbonic
carbonic acid acid
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
naturally
energyoccurring
to our body.organic
General compounds
formula ofand are major issource of
carbohydrates
energy
CX (Hto2O)
ourY.
body. General formula of carbohydrates is (CH2O)n.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:
On the basis of their
Monosaccharide, molecule size
Disaccharides andcarbohydrates
Polysaccharides. are classified
Glucoseas:- is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in
theMonosaccharide,
ripen grapes, in Disaccharides
bones and also andinPolysaccharides.
many sweet fruits. Glucose is a
It is also
monosaccharide
present with formula
in human blood C6H12O
to the extent of6 .It occurs
about in Free
0.1%. State is
Sucrose inone
the most
of the ripen useful
grapes disaccharides
in bones and also in many
in our dailysweet fruits.
life. It It is also
is widely
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
contain
plants.15-20 % sucrose
The main sourceand sugar beet
of sucrose which
is sugar canehasjuiceabout
which 10-17 %
sucrose.
containThe molecular
15-20 % sucroseformula of sucrose
and sugar beet whichis C12H22O11.
has about 10-17 It is%
produced
sucrose.byThe a mixture
molecularof formula
glucose of and fructose.
sucrose is C12ItHis22Onon-reducing
11. It is
in
nature whereas
produced by aglucose
mixture is
ofreducing.
glucose and Cold drinksItare
fructose. a bit acidic in
is non-reducing
nature and their
in nature acidity
whereas can isbereducing.
glucose measured Coldby drinks
findingare their
a bitpH value.
acidic
TheinpH values
nature andalso
theirdepend
acidity upon
can bethe acidic contents
measured by findingsuch theiraspH citric
acidvalue.
and phosphoric
The pH values acid.
also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
 Apparatus
APPARATUS
? est Tube
?Test?esTTest
est?tTTube
Tube TuesTubtbe
Tub HoldeTest
e TubeerHolder
?Test?esTTest
est?tTTube
Tube TuesT tbeubTuHStanebeoldHolHoldedr der
Stand
? ?topTest?Stop
TW tatcuWatch
esT bTuhebeStaStandnd
?Test eak
?Stop
TubeerStand
Beaker
?StopWWatatchch
?Stop?urB ?neakBW
Burner ereaatekrcerh
?Be?HBurn aker
pH ?PBapureerner pH
Paper r
? ?riPape?podpHrStanPapTripedrod
Burner Tripod Stand
? China Dish
? Stand?TripodDishChiStandna
hina
Wire Gauge
?pH ir
?Dish e
?
Pa
CG hina
perau W gi eD
Water Bath
ishre
?Trip?atGaug?erodWireBStaneatGauWahd
teger
China?Ba?WthDishater Bath
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
 Chemicals
Required
Iodine Solution
Potassium Iodine
Iodine Solution
Sodium Hydroxide
?Potassiu mIodine
Fehli?Sodium ng’s ASolution
Iodine Hyd&
BroSoxilutidePotassium
on Iodinen
Lim Wating‟serHydroxide
?Fehle Sodium A&B
Solutio Fehling’s A & B Solution
Co?ncen LimetratedWatHN er
Lime Water
Concentrated
O3 HNO3
BenedictHNO3
?Concentrated Solution
Be?neBenedictdict
Ammonium Molybdate
Solution
Solution
Amm ?Am onmon iumiuMmolybdMol
ybatedate
 Detection of
DETECTION OFpH
PH
EXPERIMENT
Experiment
Small
Smallsamples
samplesofofcold
colddrinks of of
drinks different brands
different werewere
brands taken in a test
taken in atube
test and
put
tubeonand
the put
pH paper.
on theThe
pH change
paper. in thechange
The color ofin
pHthe
paper was
color ofnoticed
pH paperand was
compared with the standard pH scale.
was noticed and was compared with the standard pH scale.

OBSERVATION
Observations
NAME OF THE COLOUR
SR. NO. pH VALUE
DRINK CHANGE
1 Coca Cola
COCA COLA Pink
PINK 2.5-3
2 Sprite
SPRITE Red
RED 3
3 Limca
LIMCA Pinkish
PINKISH 4
4 Fanta
FANTA Light Orange
LIGHT ORANGE 3-4

INFERENCE
Inference
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid
and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are
different due to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
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Test
TEST FORforCARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As
Assoon
soonas
asthe
thebottles
bottleswere
wereopened,
opened,one
oneby
byone
onethe
thesample
samplewas
waspassed
through lime water.
passed through limeThe limeThe
water. water turned
lime watermilky.
turned milky.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE TIME TAKEN
CONCLUSION
NO. DRINK (SEC.)
1 Coca cola
COCA COLA 26.5 CO2 IS PRESENT
IS PRESENT
2 SPRITE
Sprite 21 CO2 IS PRESENT
IS PRESENT
3 LIMCA
Limca 35 CO2 IS PRESENT
PRESENT
4 FANTA
Fanta 36 IS PRESENT
CO2 IS PRESENT

IINFER
Inference nfere E
AllE
nc
All theNe
the Csoftdrinks
soft drinks contain
contain dissolved
dissolved carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxide in water.
in water. The carbon
The carbon
dioxide((CO
dioxide ) dissolvesininwater
) )dissolves
2 watertotoform
formcarbonic
carbonicacid,
acid,which
whichisis responsible
for its tangyfor
responsible taste.
its tangy taste.

CHEMICALReaction
Chemical REACTION INVOLVED
Involved:
Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ----------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
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TestFOR
TEST for Glucose
GLUCOSE
Experiment
EXPERIMENT
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:-
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:-

1. BENEDICTS’S
1. REAGENT
Benedicts's Reagent TEST:-
test:
Small samples
Small samplesof of cold
colddrinks
drinksofofdifferent
differentbrands
brandswere
were taken
taken in in a test
a test tube
tube and
and a few drops of Benedict‟s reagent were added. The test tube
a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated for was
heated
few for fewFormation
seconds. seconds. Formation of reddish
of reddish color color the
confirmed confirmed
presence theofpresence
glucose in
of glucose
cold drinks.in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON
Observations
SR. NAME OF THE
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. DRINK
REDDISH COLOUR
Reddish colour Ppt. GLUCOSE
Glucose IS
is present
1 COCA COLA
Coca Cola PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH COLOUR
Reddish colour Ppt. GLUCOSE IS
2 Sprite
SPRITE Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

Limca REDDISH COLOUR

Reddish colour Ppt. GLUCOSE IS
3 LIMCA Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH COLOUR
Reddish colour Ppt. GLUCOSE IS
4 Fanta
FANTA Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

Inference
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict‟s reagent.
Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
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2.
2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION
Fehling's Solution TEST
Test
Small
Small samples
samples of
ofcold
colddrinks
drinksofofdifferent
differentbrands
brands were
were taken
taken in
in aa test
test tube
tube and
and
aa few drops of Fehling‟s A solution and Fehling‟s B solution was
few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in added in
equal
equal amount.
amount. The
Thetest
testtube was
tube heated
was in ainwater
heated bathbath
a water for 10
forminutes.
10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose glucose in in
cold drinks.
cold
drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. DRINK
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
1 COCA COLA
Coca Cola Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
2 Sprite
SPRITE Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
Limca REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
3 LIMCA Reddish Brown Ppt. Glucose is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

Fanta REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE

Glucose IS
is present
4 FANTA Reddish Brown Ppt.
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
All the
All the samples gave positive
samples gave test for
positive test for glucose
glucose with
withFehling‟s
Fehling’s (A & B)
B) solutions.
solutions.
Hence all Hence alldrinks
the cold the cold drinksglucose.
contain contain glucose.
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TEST
TestFOR
for PHOSPHATE
Phosphate
EXPERIMENT
Experiment
Smallsamples
Small samplesofof each
each brandofof
brand cold
cold drinks
drinks were
were taken
taken in separate
in separate testtest tubes
tubes
andAmmonium
and Ammonium Molybdate
Molybdate followed
followed byby concentratedNitric
concentrated NitricAcid
Acid(HNO3)
(HNO3)was was
addedtotoit.it.The
added Thesolution
solutionwas
washeated.
heated.Appearance
Appearanceofofcanary-yellow
canary-yellowprecipitate
precipitate
confirmedthe
confirmed thepresence
presenceofofphosphate
phosphateions
ionsinincold
colddrinks.
drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. THE DRINK
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
1 COCA
Coca Cola
COLA Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
Sprite CANARY-YELLOW
Canary-Yellow Ppt. PHOSPHATE IS
2 SPRITE Phosphate is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
3 LIMCA
Limca Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
4 Fanta
FANTA Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
All the soft drinks
drinks samples
samplesgave
gavepositive
positivetest
testfor
forphosphate
phosphateions.
ions. Hence
Hence all
the coldcold
all the drinks contain
drinks phosphate.
contain phosphate.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Chemical Reaction Involved:
NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ ----------- (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
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TestFOR
TEST for
Al
cohoA
l
EXPERIMENT
ExperimentLCO HOL
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test
tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide
(NaOH) solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. THE DRINK
1 Coca Cola
COCA COLA YellowYELLOW
Precipitate ALCOHOL IS
Alcohol is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
2 SPRITE
Sprite Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
3 LIMCA
Limca Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
4 FANTA
Fanta Yellow Precipitate Alcohol is present
PRECIPITATE PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
All the cold
All the cold drinks
drinks samples
samplesgave
gavepositive
positivetest
testfor
foralcohol.
alcohol.Hence
Henceallall
thethe
cold
cold
drinks contain glucose.
drinks contain glucose.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Chemical Reaction involved:
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
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TEST
TestFOR
forSUCROSE
sucrose
EXPERIME
Experiment
Exp e
5 5mlmlsamples NT
samples
ofofeach
eachbrand
brandofofcold
colddrinks
drinkswere
weretaken
takenininseparate
separatechina
china dishes
riment
and were
dishes heatedheated
and were very strongly until changes
very strongly occur.occur.
until changes BlackBlack
colored residue left
colored
confirmed
residue the presence
left confirmed theofpresence
sucrose of
in sucrose
cold drinks.
in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO. THE DRINK

1 Coca Cola SUCROSE

Sucrose IS
is Present
COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE
Black Residue PRESENT

2 SUCROSE IS
Sprite
SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE
Black Residue Sucrose is Present
PRESENT

Limca Black Residue SUCROSE IS

3 LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE Sucrose is Present
PRESENT
SUCROSE IS
4 FANTA
Fanta BLACK RESIDUE
Black Residue Sucrose is Present
PRESENT

INFERENCE
Inference
Allthe
All thebrands
brands of
of cold
cold drinks contain
contain sucrose.
sucrose.But
Butamount
amountofofsucrose
sucrosevaries
varies
in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
in each brand drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
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Result
RESULT
After
Afterconducting
conductingseveral
severaltests,
tests,it was concluded
it was thatthat
concluded thethe
different brands
different brands of
ofcold
colddrinks
drinksnamely:
namely:

1. Coca Cola
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
2. Sprite
3. Limca
3. Limca
4. Fanta
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands
cold
Coca drinks
Cola are acidic
is the mostinacidic
nature.and
OnLimca
comparing theacidic
is least pH value
of allofthe
different
four brands
brands
taken. Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the
four brands taken.

CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum amount
amount
of of dissolved
dissolved carbon and
carbon dioxide dioxide and
Fanta Fanta
has has the minimum
the minimum amount amount
of dissolved
of dissolved carbon
carbon dioxide. dioxide.
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Conclusion
DIS-ADVANTAGES
Disadvantages OF COLDdrinks:
of Cold DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain
sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body‟s
natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So it
can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must usehey
the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful
to our body.

Uses of Cold drinks:

1. Cold
1. Cold drinks
drinks can can be used
be used as toilet
as toilet cleaners.
cleaners.
2. They
2. They can can remove
remove rust rust
spotsspots
fromfrom
chromechrome
car ca r humpers.
bumpers.
3. They
3. They clean
clean corrosion
corrosion fromfrom
carcar battery
battery terminals.
terminals.
4. Soft
4. Soft drinks
drinks are are
usedused
as anas excellent
an excellent ‘detergent’totoremove
„detergent‟ removegrease
greasefrom
fromclothes.
5. Theyclothes.
can loose a rusted bolt.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
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