ECE 302 sheet on filters

Q1: Figure shows an op amp that is used as a filter, determine:

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
(a) in the pass band;
𝑉𝑠

(b) the cut-off frequency 𝑓𝑜 ;

(c) if the circuit is a LPF or HPF.

Answer:

• Filter gain
𝑅2 𝜔
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅2 𝑅2 𝐶𝑠 ×𝑅1 𝐶𝑠 𝑗
𝑅1 𝜔𝑜
=− 1 =− =− = 𝐻𝑜 𝜔 ,
𝑉𝑠 𝑅1 + 𝑅1 𝐶𝑠+1 1+𝑅1 𝐶𝑠+1 1+𝑗
𝑠𝐶 𝜔𝑜

𝑅2
• Gain in the pass band |𝐻𝑜 | =
𝑅1
𝜔𝑜 1
• Cutoff frequency 𝑓𝑜 = =
2𝜋 2𝜋𝑅1 𝐶

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 0, 𝜔=0
• | |={ i.e. the filter is H.P.F.
𝑉𝑠 𝐻𝑜 , 𝜔=∞

Q2: The op amp circuit shown is an active filter, with 𝑅2 = 5𝑅1 = 10𝑘Ω, and 𝐶 =
10𝜇𝐹; Determine:

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
(a) in the pass band;
𝑉𝑠

(b) the cut-off frequency 𝑓𝑜 ;

(c) if the circuit is a LPF or HPF.

Answer: follow the steps of Q1 answer

Q3: The figure below is showing a composite signal. The signal contains three parts:
DC component and two ac signals with different frequencies. Show how to extract
the low frequent ac component.
Answer: analyzing the waveform we can write

5×2𝜋 65×2𝜋
𝑂/𝑃 = 40 + 5 sin ( ) 𝑡 + 5 sin (100×10−3) 𝑡 𝑚𝑉
100×10−3

𝑂/𝑃 = 40 + 5 sin 2×50 𝜋𝑡 + 5 sin 2×650 𝜋𝑡 𝑚𝑉

• to extract the low frequent ac component, we may use a bandpass filter with.
1 1
𝜔𝐿 = and 𝜔𝐻 =
𝑅1 𝐶1 𝑅2 𝐶2

• i.e. we should stop the DC. part (40 𝑚𝑉) and the high frequent part (5 sin 2×
650 𝜋𝑡 𝑚𝑉)
• Let’s select: 𝑓𝐿 = 20 𝐻𝑧 and 𝑓𝐻 = 100 𝐻𝑧
1 1 1 1
• Calculate the circuit components using 𝑅1 𝐶1 = = , 𝑅2 𝐶2 = = and
𝜔𝐿 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 𝜔𝐻 2𝜋𝑓𝐻
𝑅2
|𝐻𝑜 | = = 1,
𝑅1

• If we asked to amplify the extracted signal e.g. by factor of 2, we apply |𝐻𝑜 | =

𝑅2
= 2.
𝑅1