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LUBRICATION OF GEARS
TOP > Gear Knowledge > Gear Technical Reference > Lubrication of Gears
To avoid difficulties such as tooth wear and premature failure, the correct lubricant must be chosen.
There is no single best lubricant and method. Choice depends upon tangential speed(m/s) and rotating speed(rpm).
At low speed, grease lubrication is a good choice. For medium and high speeds, splash lubrication and forced oil circulation lubrication are more
appropriate, but there are exceptions. Sometimes, for maintenance reasons, a grease lubricant is used even with high speed.
Table 13.1 presents lubricants, methods and their applicable
ranges of speed.
Grease lubrication can be applied in low speed / low load applications, however, it is important to apply grease periodically, especially for gears of the open-
type usage. Since lubricants diminish or become depleted in the long term, periodic checks for oil change or refilling is necessary. Usage of lubricants
under improper conditions cause damage to gear teeth. When using gears at high speed / heavy load, or when using easily worn gears such as worm gears
or screw gears, care should be taken in selecting the right type of lubricant; quantity and methods. The proper selection of lubricant is especially important.
Table13.1-1 Ranges of tangential speed (m-s) for spur gears and bevel gears
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conditions.
– Proper quantity of grease
There must be sufficient grease to do the job. However, too much grease can be harmful, particularly in an enclosed system. Excess grease will cause
agitation, viscous drag and result in power loss.
2. Temperature limitation
The temperature of a gear system may rise because of friction loss due to gears, bearings and lubricant agitation. Rising temperature may cause one or
more of the following problems:
– Lower viscosity of lubricant
– Accelerated degradation of lubricant
– Deformation of housing, gears and shafts
– Decreased backlash
h = Tooth depth, b = Facewidth, d2 = Reference diameter of worm wheel, d1 = Reference diameter of worm
Oil tank, pump, filter, piping and other devices are needed in the forced oil lubrication system. Therefore, it is used only for special high-speed or large gear
box applications.
By filtering and cooling the circulating lubricant, the right viscosity and cleanliness can be maintained. This is considered to be the best way to lubricate
gears.
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It is practical to select a lubricant by following the information in a catalog, a technical manual or information from the web site of the oil manufacturer, as
well as following the JIS, JGMA and AGMA standards. Table 13.6 shows the proper viscosity for enclosed-gears, recommended by the oil manufacturer.
.
NOTE 1 Applicable for spur gears, helical gears , bevel gears and spiral bevel gears where the working temperature (oil temperature) conditions should be
between 10 and 50 C deg.
.
NOTE 2 Circulating lubrication or splash lubrication is applied.
After making a decision about which grade of viscosity to select, taking into consideration the usage (for spur gear, worm gear pair etc.) and usage
conditions (dimensions of mechanical equipment, ambient temperature etc.), then choose the appropriate lubricant.
Table 13.7 List of a few industrial oils from representative oil manufacturers
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in, ambient temperature etc) check the brand of lubricants from product information offered by oil manufacturers.
Table 13.8 indicates reference values for proper viscosity recommended in accordance with strength calculations (JGMA405-01(1976)). Table 13.9 lists
some of the representative lubricants used for worm gears.
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