VERYSHORTANSWERQUESTI

ONS(
2Mar
ks)

PHYSI
CALWORLD
1. Whatar ethef undament alf
orcesi
nnatur
e?
Ans.1.Gr
avit
ational f
orce
2.El
ectr
omagnet i
cf or
ce
3.St
rongnucl earforce
4.Weaknucl earforce

2. Whatisthediscover
yofC.V.Raman?
Ans.Ramaneff
ectwhichdeal
swiththescat
ter
ingofl
i
ghtbymol
ecul
esofmedi
um,

3. Whati sthecont
ri
buti
onofS.Chandr
aSekhartoPhysi
cs?
Ans.Chandr
aSekharli
mit
,str
uct
ureandevol
uti
onofst
ars.

4. Whatisphysics 
?
Ans 
:Physi
csisthestudyofbasi
clawsofnat
ureandt
hei
rmani
fest
ati
oni
ndi
ff
erentnat
ural
phenomena

5.Whatisgravi
tat
ionalfor
ce?wr i
teitspropert
ies.
Ans 
:Iti
sanattr
acti
veforcebetweent hebodiesbyvir
tueoft
hei
rmasses
Proper
ti
es :(i)I
tisl
ongr angeforce
(i
i
)Itisat
tracti
veforce

6.Whati
sEinst
ein’
smassenergyr
elat
ion 
?
Ans 
:
Where c=v el
oci
tyofl
i
ght
m=mass
E=energy

UNITSANDMEASUREMENTS
1. Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weenaccur
acyandpreci
sion.
Ans.
ACCURACY PRECI
SION

1. I
tisameasureofhow 1.I
ttell
suswhatr
esolut
ionorl
i
mitt
he
closet
hemeasured quanti
tyi
smeasur
ed
valuet
othetr
uevalue.

2. I
tdependsoner
ror
s
2.I
tdependsonl
eastcount
.

2. Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weenf
undament
aluni
tsandder
iveduni
ts.
Ans.Fundamentalunit
s:
Theunit
soffundament alphysi
calquant
it
iesarecal
l
edFundament
aluni
ts.
Ex:Kg,m,secet c
Deriv
edunits:
Theunit
sofderivedphysicalquant
it
iesar
ecalledDer
iveduni
ts.
Ex:m/sec,Joul
eet c

3. Expr
essuni
fi
edat
omi
cmassuni
tinkg.
 Ans. 1amu=1. 66X10-27kg
4. Howc ansyst
ematicerr
orsbemi nimizedorel
imi
nat
ed?
Ans.1.Byimprovi
ngtheexperimentalt
echni
ques
2.Bysel
ecti
ngbett
erinstruments.

5. Whatar
ethedi
ff
erentt
ypesofer
ror
sthatcanoccuri
nameasur
ement
?
Ans: 1.Systemati
cerror
s
2.Random err
ors
3.Gr
osserrors

6. Whatar
esi
gni
fi
cantf
igur
esandwhatdot
heyr
epr
esentwhenr
epor
ti
ngt
her
esul
tofa
measurement?
Ans:Thedigitofanumbert hataredef
ini
tel
yknownpl
usonemor
edi
gitt
hati
stobeest
imat
edar
e
cal
ledsigni
fi
cantfigur
es
Theyrepresentpreci
sionofmeasur
ement

7. Whati
sdi
mensi
onal
anal
ysi
s?
Ans:Thedi
mensionsofaphysi
cal
quantit
yarethepower
stowhi
cht
heuni
tsofbasequant
it
iesar
e
rai
sedt
orepr
esentaderi
veduni
tofthatquant
it
y.

8. Whydowehav
edi
ff
erentuni
tsf
ort
hesamephy
sicalquant
it
y?
Ans:
Becausewehav
edi
ff
erentsy
stem ofuni
tsl
i
keCGSandMKS

9. I
ll
ust
rat
ehowt
her
esul
tofameasur
ementi
stober
epor
tedi
ndi
cat
ingt
heer
rori
nvol
ved.
Ans:Werepor
tresul
tofthemeasurementint
heform ofnumberwhi
chi
ndi
cat
ethepr
eci
sionof
measur
ementalongwit
ht heuni
tofthesamephy
sicalquant
it
y.

Thev
10. eloci
tyofabodyi
sgi
venby .I
fVandtar
eexpr
essedi
nSI
,whatar
etheuni
ts
ofA, BandC?
Ans. TheSIunitofA,BandCar ems-3,ms-2andms-1
St
11. atethenumberofsignif
icantf
iguresinthefoll
owi
ng:
(a) 6729 (
b)0.024 (c)0.08240 (
d)6.
032 (
e)

Ans: (
a)4 (b)2 (c)4 (
d)4 (
e)3
12.Themeasur
edmassandv ol
umeofabodyare2.
42gand4.7 r
espect
ivel
ywi
thpossi
bleer
ror
0.
01gand0.1 .Fi
ndthemaximum er
rori
ndensi
ty.
Ans:
Maxi
mum per
cent
ageer
rori
ndensi
ty

Theer
13. rori
nmeasur
ementofr
adi
usofaspher
eis1%whati
stheer
rori
nthemeasur
ementof
vol
ume?
Ans:Weknowt
hat
 Theper
14. cent
ageer
rori
nthemassandspeedar
e2%and3%r
espect
ivel
y.Whati
sthemaxi
mum
er
rori
nki
net
icener
gycal
cul
atedusi
ngt
hesequant
it
ies?
Ans:

I
15.nasy
stem ofuni
tst
heuni
toff
orcei
s100N,
uni
tofl
engt
his10m andt
heuni
toft
imei
s100s.
Whatist
heuni
tofmassi nt
hissyst
em?
Ans: For
ce
Uni
tofmass,
Gi
venF=100N,L=10m T=100sec

Thedi
16. stanceofgal
axyf
rom ear
thi
stheor
derof .Cal
cul
atet
heor
derofmagni
tudet
het
ime
t
akenbyl
ightt
oreachusf
rom t
hegal
axy
.

Ans:gi
ven,

Ti
me,

MOTIONI NA STRAI GHTLI NE

1.Thestatesofmot ionandr
estar
er el
ative.Expl
ain.
Ans.Theposit
ionofabodydoesnotchangewi t
hr especttosurroundingiscal
l
edstateofr
est
.
Thepositi
onofabodychangeswi t
hr especttosurroundingiscall
edst at
eofmoti
on.
Ex:Forapassengeri nmovi
ngbus,thebusi satrest,butforpassengeronroadbusisin
motion.
Hencer estandmoti
onarerelat
ive.

2.Howisaveragevelocit
ydiff
erentfrom i
nstant
aneousvel
oci
ty?
Ans. Averagevelocit
y:
Theratiooftotaldi
splacementtothet
otalt
imei
nter
val
iscal
l
edAv
eragev
eloci
ty.
Instant
aneousv el
ocity:
 Thev
eloci
tyofapar
ti
cleatanyi
nst
antoft
imei
scal
l
edI
nst
ant
aneousv
eloci
ty.

3.Gi
veanexample,
wher
e,thevel
ocit
yofanobj
ecti
szer
obutitsaccel
erat
ioni
snotzer
o.
Ans. I
ncaseofaver
ti
cal
l
ypr oj
ect
edbody
,atmaxi
mum height
.

4.Avehicl
etr
avel
shal
fthedi
stanceLwi
thspeedv
1andt
heot
herhal
fwi
thspeedv
2.Whati
sthe
aver
agespeed?
Ans.

MOTIONINAPLANE
1.Thev er
ti
calcomponentofav
ect
orisequalt
oit
shor
izont
alcomponent
.Whati
stheangl
emade
bythevectorwi
thx-
axis?
Ans. gi
ven,

2.Twoforcesofmagni
tudes3uni
tsand5uni
tsactat600wi
theachot
her
.Whati
sthemagni
tudeof
t
hei
rresul
tant
?
Ans.

3.Whentwor i
ghtangl
edv
ector
sofmagni
tude7uni
tsand24uni
tscombi
ne,
whati
sthemagni
tude
oft
hei
rresul
tant?(
May-
2014)
Ans.

4. .Whati
stheangl
ebet
weent
hev
ect
orandx-
axi
s.(
Mar
-13,
14)

Ans.
5.I
f and f
indt
hemagni
tudeof .
Ans.

6.Whati
stheaccel
erat
ionofapr oj
ect
il
eatthetopofi
tst
raj
ect
ory
?
Ans. (Accel
erat
ionduetograv
ity
)

7.Canav ect
orofmagni
tudezer
ohaveanonzer
ocomponents?
Ans. No.Avect
orofzer
omagni
tudecannothav
enonzer
ocomponent
s.
8.Av
ect
or makesanangl
e wi
tht
hehor
izont
al.Thev
ect
ori
srot
atedt
hroughangl
e .Doest
his
r
otat
ionchanget
hevect
or ?
Ans: Yes, duet
orol
ati
on,
thedi
rect
ionofv
ect
orchangesbuti
tsmagni
tuder
emai
nssame.

9.Cant wov ect

orsofunequal
magni
tudeaddupt
ogi
vezer
ovect
or?Cant
hreeunequalv
ect
orsadd
uptogivezerovector
?
Ans:1.No
2.Yes

LAWSOFMOTI
ON

1.Whatisinert
ia?Whatgiv
est hemeasureofi
ner
ti
a?
Ans:
Inerti
ameans“resi
stancetochange“
Massgivest
hemeasur eofiner
ti
a

2.AccordingtoNewt on’sthir
dlaw, everyf
orceisaccompani edbyanequalandoppositefor
ce.How
canamov ementev ertakeplace?
Ans:Acti
onandr eacti
onf or
cesactondi ff
erentbodies.Hencet
heydonotcanceleachother
.
Hencemot ionispossibl
e
3.Whenabul l
etisfir
edf r
om agun, thegungivesaki ckinthebackwar
ddirect
ion.Expl
ain.
Ans:Accordingtolawofconser vati
onofmoment um
 Hence,
thegungi
vesaki
ckint
hebackwar
ddir
ecti
on
4.Whydoesaheavyri
fl
enotr
ecoi
lasst
rongl
yasli
ghtri
fl
eusi
ngt
hesamecar
tri
dges?

Ans:
Accor
dingt
olawofconser
vat
ionofmoment
um

Hence,
heav
yri
fl
enotr
ecoi
lasst
rongl
yasl
i
ghtr
if
le

5.I
fabombatrestexplodesi
ntotwopieces,
thepi
ecesmustt
rav
eli
nopposi
tedi
rect
ions.Expl
ain.
Ans:
Accor
dingtolawofconserv
ati
onofmoment um

Hence,
thepi
ecesmustt
rav
eli
sopposi
tedi
rect
ion

6.Defineforce.Whatar et hebasicf
orcesinnature?
Ans:Forceisaphy si
calquantit
ywhichchangesthestat
eofr
estorst
ateofuni
for
m mot
ion.
1.Gr av
itat
ional f
orce
2.Electromagnet i
cf orce
3.Strongnucl earforce
4.Weaknucl earforce

7.Cant hecoeff
ici
entoffr
icti
onbegreatert
hanone?
Ans:Yes,whenthesurf
acesar eheav
il
ypoli
shed,
thenadhesi
vef
orcei
ncr
easesandt
hev
alueofco-
ef
fici
entoffr
ict
ionbegreatert
hanone

8.Whydoest hecarwithfl
attenedtyr
esstopsoonerthantheonewit
hinfl
atedtyr
es?
Ans:I
ncaseofflat
tenedtyr
es, ar
eaofcontacti
ncr
eases.Rol
li
ngfr
ict
iondependsonareaofcont
act
.
Hencefl
att
enedtyr
esst opsoonerthantheonewit
hinflat
edty
res

9.Ahor sehastopullhar
derdur
ingthestartofthemot ionthanlat
er.Expl
ain?
Ans:Duringt
hestartofmoti
on,
horseexperiencesalimiti
ngfri
cti
on,l
ateri
texperiencesakinet
ic
fri
cti
on.Limi
ti
ngfri
cti
onisgr
eatert
hankineticfr
ict
ion.Thushorsehaspullharderduringt
hestartof
themot i
on.

10.Whathappenstocoef
fici
entoffr
ict
ionifwei
ghtoft
hebodyi
sdoubl
ed?
Ans:
Co-eff
ici
entoff
ri
cti
onremainsconstant
SYSTEMSOFPARTI CLESANDROTATIONALMOTION

1.Isitnecessarythatamassshoul
dbepr
esentatt
hecent
reofmassofanysy
stem?
Ans:No,example:Circul
arr
ing

2.Whatisthedi
f f
erenceintheposi
ti
onsofcentr
eofmassofagi rlcar
ryi
ngabaginoneofherhands
andanothergir
lcarr
yingabagineachofhert
wohands?
Ans: i
.Centr
eofmassofherbodywi l
lbeshi
ft
edtowardsherhandinwhichshei
scarr
yingt
hebag.
i
i.Nochangeinpositi
onofcentr
eofmass
3.Twori
gidbodieshavesamemomentofi ner
ti
aaboutt
hei
raxesofsy
mmet
ry.Oft
het
wo,
whi
ch
bodywillhavegreat
erki
net
icener
gy?
Ans:

As‘I
”issame,
Thusthebodywi
thl
argeangul
armoment
um wi
l
lhav
egr
eat
erki
net
icener
gy

4.Whyar
espokesprov
idedi
nabicycl
ewheel?
Ans:
Toincr
easethemomentofiner
ti
aandt
her
ebyi
ncr
easest
her
otat
ional
iner
ti
a.

5.Wecannotopenorcl
oset
hedoorbyappl
yi
ngf
orceatt
hehi
nges.Why
?
Ans:
Tor
que
Atthehi
nges so
Hence,
wecannotopenorcl
oset
hedoorbyappl
yi
ngf
orceatt
hehi
nges

6.Whydowepr
eferaspannerofl
ongerar
m ascompar
edt
othespannerofshor
terar
m?
AnsL:
Torque
Withlessappl
iedf
orce,
mor
etor
queact
sonaspannerofl
ongerar
m.Hencewepr
eferaspanner
oflongerar
m

7.Byspi
nni
ngeggsonat
abl
etop,howwi
lly
oudi
sti
ngui
shahardboi
ledeggfr
om ar awegg?
Ans:
Momentofi
ner
ti
aofr
aweggismoret
hanboi
l
edegg.Henceraweggstopsoonerthanboi
l
edegg

8.Whyshoul daheli
copternecessari
lyhav
etwopropell
ers?
Ans:
Accordingtolawofconservat
ionofangul
armoment um,withonlyonepropel
lerhel
i
copt
er
possessesangul
armoment um i
nonedir
ect
ion.Tobalancethishel
i
coptershoul
dhavet
wo
propel
ler
s.

9.Ift
hepolari
cecapsoftheeart
hweretomelt,
whatwouldt
heeffectofthel
engthofthedaybe?
Ans:I
fpol
aricecapsoft
heearthwer
etomelt,
momentofiner
ti
aincreases,
angul
arvel
ocit
ydecr
eases,
so thelengt
hofthedayi
ncr
eases.

10.Whyi
siteasi ert
obalanceabicycl
einmot i
on?
Ans:Therotatingwheelsofabicycl
epossessesangularmomentum al
ongt
heaxi
softhewheel
.So
t
hebi cycledoesnotgetti
l
ted.
11.Fi
ndt
hetor queofaf or
ce aboutt
heorigin.Thef
orceact
sonapart
icl
ewhoseposit
ion
v
ect
ori
s

Ans:Tor
que
 Mechani
cal
proper
ti
esoff
lui
ds

1. Def
ineaveragepressure.Mentionit
suni
tsanddimensionalf
ormula.I
sitascal
arorv
ect
or?
Ans:Normalforceactingperuni
tar
eaiscal
l
edav eragepr
essure
SIuni
ts: orpascal
Di
mensi onal
formula:
I
tisascal
ar

2.Def
inevi
scosi
ty.Whatareitsunit
sanddimensi
ons.
Ans:Theproper
tyoftheflui
dwhichopposest
her
elat
ivemot
ionbet
weent
hel
ayer
soft
he
fl
uidi
scall
edv i
scosit
y
SIuni
t:N
Dimensi
onalfor
mul a:

3.Whati
sthepri
nci
plebehi
ndthecar
buret
orofanaut
omobi
le?
Ans:I
tworksonBernoul
l
i’
spr
inci
ple
Const
ant

4.Whati
sMagnuseffect
?
Ans:Thedy
namicli
ftduet
oai
ronspi
nni
ngmot
ionofabal
li
scal
l
edMagnusef
fect

5.Whydropsandbubbl
esarespheri
cal?
Ans:Duetosurf
acetensi
on,thefr
eesur
faceofl
i
qui
dhav
emi
nimum sur
facear
ea

6.Gi
vet
heexpr
essi
onf
orexcesspr
essur
einal
iqui
ddr
op.
Ans:Excesspr
essur
e
Wher
eT=surf
acetensi
on
r=r
adiusofthel
iqui
ddr
op

7.Gi
vet
heexpr
essi
onf
orexcesspr
essur
einanai
rbubbl
einsi
det
hel
iqui
d.
Ans:Excesspr
essur
e
Wher
eT=surf
acetensi
on
r=r
adiusoftheai
rbubbl
e

8.Gi
vet
heexpr
essi
onf
ort
heexcesspr
essur
einasoapbubbl
einai
r.
Ans:Excesspr
essur
e
Wher
eT=surf
acetensi
on
r=r
adi
usofthesoapbubbl
e

9.Whatar
ewaterproofi
ngagentsandwat erwetti
ngagent
s?Whatdot
heydo?
Ans: Waterproofi
ngagentsincr
easestheangl
eofcont
act
Example:Wax
Waterwetti
ngagentsdecreasestheangl
eofcont
act
Example:Soaps,
detergent
s
10.
Whati
sangleofcontact
?Whatar eitsv
aluesforpurewat erandmercur
y?
Ans:Theanglebetweenthetangenttotheli
quidsurfaceandt
hesoli
dsur
faceatt
hepoi
nt
ofcont
act,i
nsidet
heliquidi
scalledangleofcontact
I
tsval
ueforpur
ewat er ,formercury .

11.
Ment
ionanytwoexampl esthatobeyBernoul
li
’
st heorem andjust
if
ythem?
Ans:Accor di
ngtoBernoull
i
’st
heorem,pressureismoreatapointwher
ethev
eloci
tyofa
fl
uidi
slessandv i
ceversa
Example:(
1)Aircraf
twing
(
2)Spinni
ngmotionofaballthroughair

12.
Whenwaterf
lowsthroughpi
pe,
whi chofthel
ayersmovesfast
estandsl
owest?
Ans:Centr
allayer
smovesfastest
,thel
ayer
satthewall
sofapipemovesslowest
.

13.
“ter
minalv
eloci
tyi
smor
eifsur
facear
eaoft
hebodyi
smor
e”.Gi
ver
easoni
nsuppor
tofy
our
answer.

Ans:Ter
minal
vel
oci
ty,

Butsur
facear
ea,

Fr
om (
1)&(
2)

Thussur
facear
eai
smor
ethent
ermi
nal
vel
oci
tywi
l
lbemor
e.

14.
Whywaterdroplet
swettheglasssurf
aceanddoesnotwetl otusl
eaf
?
Ans:Waterdropl
etswetthegl
asssurfacebecauseangl
eofcontactdecr
eases
Waterdropl
etsdoesnotwetthelot
usleafbecauseangl
eofcontacti
ncreases.

15.
Calcul
atet
heworkdoneinbl
owingasoapbubbl
eofdi
amet
er0.
6cm agai
nstt
hesur
face
tensi
on(surf
acetensi
onofsoapsol
uti
on )
Ans: Giv
en d=0.06cm

Wor
kdone,

16.
Ifthedi
ameterofasoapbubbl
eis10m m andi
tssur
facet
ensi
oni
s ,
findt
heexcess
pressur
einsi
dethebubbl
e.
Ans: Gi ven d=10mm

Excesspr
essur
e,
 17.
Whati
sthepr
essur
eonaswi
mmer10m bel
owt
hesur
faceofal
ake?
Ans:
Giv
enh=10m, ,
At
mospher
icpr
essur
e Pa,
gaugepr
essur
e
Pr
essur
e

18.
Thedensit
yoftheat
mosphereatsealeveli
s .Assumet
hati
tdoesnotchangewi
th
alt
it
ude.Then,
howhighwouldtheatmosphereext
end?
Ans: At mospher
icpressur
e

19.
Iftheworkdonebyanagentt ofor
m abubbleofr
adiusRi
sW ,
thenhowmuchener
gyi
s
requir
edt oincr
easeit
sr adi
usto2R.
Ans:Wor kdonetoform abubbleofradi
usRis,
Energyrequi
redtoincr
easeitradi
usf
rom Rto2R.

THERMALPROPERTI
ESOFMATTER

1.Disti
nguishbet weenheatandt emperature.
Ans:Heat:(i)Iti
saf orm ofenergythatf
lowsbetweenbodyandsur
roundi
ngbyv
irt
ueof
t
emper aturedi
ff
erencebetweenthem
(i
i)Heati sacause
(ii
i)SIunit
: j
oule.
Temper ature:(i)Iti
sthedegreeofhotnessorcol
dnessoft
hebody
(i
i)Temper atur
ei stheeff
ect
(
ii
i)SIunit:kel
vi
n

2.Whatar
et helowerandupperf
ixingpoi
ntsi
nCel
siusandFahr
enhei
tscal
es?
Ans:I
nCelsi
usscal e,LFP: and UFP:
I
nFahrenheitscal
e,LFP: andUFP:

3.Dotheval
uesofcoef
fi
cient
sofexpansiondi
ff
er,whent
het
emper
atur
esar
emeasur
edoncen
t
igr
adescal
eandonFahrenhei
tscalesepar
atel
y?
Ans:Yes,

4.Canasubst ancecont ractonheat ing?Giveanexampl e.

Ans:Yes,
Examples: I
ndianrubber,casti r
onet c.
5.Whygapsar eleftbetweenr ail
sonar ailwaytrack?
Ans:Toallowlinearexpansioninsummer
6.Whydol i
quidshav enol i
nearandar ealexpansions?
Ans:Liqui
dshav enoshapeont heirown.Theyat taint
heshapeofthecont
ainer.Theydonothav
e
lengthandar ea.
7.Whati slat
entheatoff usion?
Ans:Thequant i
tyofheatr equiredtoconv ertunitmassofasubstancef
rom soli
dstat
etoli
qui
dst
ate
atconstanttemper atur
ei scal l
edlatentheatoffusi
on.

8.Whatislat
entheatofvapourisat
ion?
Ans:Thequanti
tyofheatr
equi
redt oconvertunitmassofasubst
ancef r
om l
i
qui
dst
atet
ogaseous
stat
eatconstantt
emperatureiscal
ledlatentheatofv
apour
isat
ion.

9.Whatisspecif
icgasconst
anti
sitsameforal
lgases?
Ans:Gasconstantperuni
tmassi
scall
edspeci
fi
cgasconst
ant
,
Speci
fi
cgasconst
ant
,
No,
iti
snotsamef
oral
lgases

10.Whataretheuni
tsanddi
mensi
onsofspeci
fi
cgasconst
ant
?
Ans: SIunit
: K
Di
mensi
onal
for
mul
a:

11.Whyutensi
lsar
ecoatedblack?Whythebottomsoft heut
ensi
lsar
emadeofcopper
?
Ans: (
i)Becausebl
ackisagoodabsorberofheat
(i
i)Becausecopperi
sagoodconduct orofheat

12.St
ateWien’sdispl
acementlaw?
Ans:“Themaximum wav elengt
hofr
adi
ati
onemi
tt
edbyabl
ackbodyi
sinv
ersel
ypr
opor
ti
onal
toi
ts
absol
utetemperat
ure”

Const
ant

13.Venti
lat
orsareprov
idedinroomsjustbel
owt heroof.Why?
Ans:Because,t
hehotairescapesoutt
hroughtheventi
lat
orsandf
reshai
rent
erst
her
oom t
hrought
he
doorsandwindows.

14.Doesabodyr
adiat
eheatat0K?Doesitradi
ateheatat
Ans:(i)No,
Abodydoesnotr
adi
ateheatat0K
(
ii
)Yes,
Abodyr
adi
atesheatat

15.St
atet
hediff
erentmodesoft
ransmi
ssi
onofheat
.Whi
choft
hesemodesr
equi
remedi
um?
Ans:(i
)Conduct
ion
 (ii
)Conv ecti
on
(ii
i)Radiat i
on
Conduct ionandconv ect
ionrequir
est
hemedi um
16.Definet emper aturegr adi
entandcoeff
ici
entofther
malconductiv
ity
.
Ans:Temper aturegr adient:Thechangeintemperat
ureperuni
tlengt
hinthedi
recti
onofheatfl
owis
calledtemper at uregradient
.
Co- effi
cientoft hermalconducti
vi
ty:Thequantit
yofheatfl
owingnormal
l
yt hr
oughunitar
eaof
thesubst anceperuni tti
meperunittemperat
uregradi
ent
.

17.Whati
sthermalr
esist
anceofaconduct
or?Onwhatf
actorsdoesitdepend?
Ans:Ther
esist
anceoff
eredbyaconduct
orfort
hef
lowofheatiscal
l
edt her
malresi
stance
Ther
mal
resi
stance,
I
tdependsonnat
ureoft
hemat
eri
al,
lengt
handar
eaofcr
osssect
ion.

18.St
ateuni
tsanddimensi
onsofcoef
fi
cientofconv
ect
ion.
Ans: SIuni
t:
Di
mensi
onal
for
mul
a:
19.Def ineemi ssivepowerandemi ssivit
y.
Ans:Emi ssiv
epower :Theener gyr adiatedbyabodyperuni tti
meperuni tsur
facear eaatagi ven
temper at ureiscal ledemi ssivepower
Emi ssi
v ity:Ther atioofemi ssivepowerofabodyt ot hatofabl ackbodyatt hesame
temper at ureiscal ledemi ssivit
y.
20.Whati sgr eenhouseef fect?Expl ainglobalwar mi ng.
Ans:Gr eenhouseef f
ect :Duet oabsor pt
ionofr adiati
onf rom sunbygr eenhousegases, namely
car bon di oxide, met hane, nit
rousoxi deet c,t
hesur faceoft heearthandat mospher eget sheati
ng
up.Thi siscal ledgr eenhouseef fect
Globalwar ni
ng:Duet ogr eenhouseef f
ectt heearthbecomeswar merandt heaveraget emper atur
eof
theear thi
ncr eases.Thi siscal l
edgl obal warming
21.Def ineabsor ptiv epowerofabody .Whati stheabsor pt i
v epowerofaper fectblackbody ?
Ans:Ther ati
ooft her adi antener gyabsor bedperuni tti
meperuni tsurf
aceareat othet ot
al energy
i
nci dentperuni tt i
meperuni tsurfacear eaiscalledabsor pt
ivepower .
Absor pti
v epowerofaper fectblackbodyi sequal to‘one’
22.Stat eNewt on’sl awofcool ing.
Ans: “Ther ateofl ossofheatofahotbodyi sdirectl
ypr opor ti
onal totemperat
uredifferencebet ween
thebodyandsur roundi ngs.

23.Statethecondi t
ionsunderwhi chNewt on’
sl awofcool ingisappl
icabl
e.
Ans:( i
)Temper atureofthebodyi sunif
ormlydistr
ibutedov erit
(
ii
)Lossofheati snegl
i
giblebyconduct i
on.
24.Ther oofofbuildingsareoftenpaintedwhitedur i
ngsummer .Why ?
Ans:Becausewhi teisabadabsor berandgoodr ef
lectorofheat.
25.Fi
ndt heincreasei ntemperatureofaluminium rodifitslengthi
stobeincr
easedby1%( f
or
al
umi nium )
Ans:Gi ven,
26.
Ift
hewav
elengt
hformaxi
mum i
ntensi
tybyofr
adi
ati
onf
orabl
ackbodyi
sfoundat2.
65 .What
i
sthet
emper
atur
eoftheradi
ati
ngbody
?(Wi
en’
sconst
ant )
Ans: Gi
ven,
Wi
en’
sconst
ant
,
Fr
om Wi
en’
slaw

Ki
net
ict
heor
yofgases

1.Definemeanfr
eepat h.
Ans:
Theav er
agedi
stancecov
eredbyamol
ecul
ebet
weent
wosuccessi
vecol
l
isi
onsi
scal
l
edmean
f
reepath

2.Namet woprominentphenomenawhi
chpr
ovi
deconcl
usi
veev
idenceofmol
ecul
armot
ion.
Ans:
(i)Br
ownianmoti
on
(i
i)Dif
fusi
on

3.Howdoeskineti
ctheor
yjust
if
yAv
ogadr
o’shy
pot
hesi
sandshowt
hatAv
ogadr
onumberi
n
di
ff
erentgasesissame?
Ans:weknowt
hat

I
fP,
V,Tar
esame,
then‘
N’i
sal
sosamef
oral
lgases
 Thi
sisAvogadr
o’shypot
hesi
s
Thuski
neti
ctheoryj
usti
fi
esAvogadr
o’shy
pot
hesi
s

4. Whendoesar ealgasbehav
eli
keanidealgas?
Ans:Atl
owpressuresandhight
emper
atures

5.StateBoyle’
slawandChar l
eslaw.
Ans:Boy l
eslaw:Atconst antt emper ature,t
hepr essur
eofagi v enmassofagasisinv
ersel
y
pr
oporti
onaltoitsvol
ume.
Char
les’
slawatconst antpressure:Atconst antpressure,t
hev olumeofagivenmassofagasis
di
rect
lyproporti
onalt
oit sabsolutet emperature.
Char
les’
slawatconst antvolume:Atconst antvolumet hepressureofagiv
enmassofagasi sdir
ectl
y
pr
oporti
onaltoitsabsolutetemper ature.
6.StateDalt
on’slawofpar tialpressures.
Ans:Thet otalpressur eofami xtur
eofideal gasesi
sthesum ofpar
ti
alpr
essures

7.Pr
essureofanidealgasincontai
nerisindependentofshapeofthecont
ainer.Expl
ain.
Ans: Pressur
eexertedbyagasi sduetocoll
isi
onsofmol ecul
esmadeont hewall
soft he
contai
ner
.Iti
smeasur edbytheforceacti
ngonunitsurf
aceofthewall
.Itdoesnotdependont
he
shapeofthecontai
ner

8.Expl
aintheconceptofdegr eesoffreedom formol ecul
esofagas.
Ans:Thet otalnumberofco-ordi
natesorindependentquanti
ti
esr
equi
redt
odescr
ibecompl
etel
y
theposit
ionandconfigur
ati
onoft hesystem.
Ex:(
i)Monoat omicgasmol eculehas3degr eesoff r
eedom
(i
i)Diatomicgasmoleculehas5degr eesoffreedom
(i
ii
)Tr i
atomicgasmoleculehas6degr eesoffreedom

9. Whati
stheexpr
essi
onbet
weenpr
essur
eandki
net
icener
gyofagasmol
ecul
e?
Ans:

10.Iftheabsol
utet
emper
atureofagasi
sincr
easedt
o3t
imes,
whatwi
llbet
hei
ncr
easei
nrms
v
eloci
tyoft
hegasmolecul
e?
Ans:
 Gi
ven,

I
ncr
easei
nrmsv
eloci
ty