Presentation by

SOHOM MAJUMDER Submitting to

(department of applied Asst. Prof. Asish Acharya
mathematics) Asst. Prof. Sumali Roy
Swami vivekananda institute of
modern science
 CONTENTS:-
 1) Introduction
 2) what is differential equation?
 3) classification of differential equations
 4) Methods to solve differential equations
 5) application in rocket motion
 6) application in simple harmonic motion
 7) application in population growth
 8) application in electrical RC circuit
 9) application in Newton’s law of cooling
 10)current researches in differential equations
 11) conclusion
 12) references
 Introduction
 The subject differential equations constitutes a large and very important
branch of modern mathematics. A differential equation is an equation
involving derivatives of one or more dependent variables with respect to one
or more independent variables.
 Before we go into detailed discussion we would like to extend its use in
various fields of science and engineering.
i) Determining the motion of projectile , rocket, satellite, planes.
ii) determining the charge or current in an electric circuit.
iii) Determining the conduction of heat in a rod or in a slab.
iv) study of the rate of decomposition of a radioactive substance or the rate
of growth of a population.
What is a differential equation?
 A Differential Equation is an equation with a function and
one or more of its derivatives:
example:-
,

differential
(derivative)
 The order is the highest derivative. The Degree is the exponent of the highest
derivative. Example:-
2) (first order
 1) second degree)
 3)
Order 2 Degree 3 (third order
first degree)
 Classification of
differential equations:-

The above are linear with y as the

dependent variable. Y and its various
derivatives occur to first degree only and no
products of y or/and any of its derivatives
present.

The above are non linear with y as

the dependent variable.
 Method of integrating factors :- let the linear differential equation be of
form
Where P and Q are functions of x then this can be solved as:

i) Integrating Factor: ii) solution:

• Method of variable separation:- variables are separated and then they are
integrated

•Method of reducing to homogeneous form:- if the equation is of form

Where f(x,y) and g(x,y) are homogeneous functions of x and y then

Put y = vx and
and then apply variable separation method.
 Let’s consider the population of tigers. the
population N at any time t
the growth rate r
the population's rate of change
If we consider population N=1000 and growth rate r is
0.01 new tigers per week , then the population’s rate of
Change is 1000* .01 = 10 new tigers per week!! But that
is only true at a specific time, and doesn't include that
the population is constantly increasing.

So it is better to say the rate of change (at any instant) is the growth rate times the
population at that instant:

Well, that growth can't go on forever as they will soon run out of available food.
Let the maximum population the food can support be K.

To solve this we get Verhulst equation :

 Ohm’s law V = IR where V is the voltage applied to the
resistor, I is the rate at which charge flows through the
resistor, and R is a constant called the resistance.
A capacitor is a circuit component that stores a supply of
electric charge. Capacitors obey the equation V = Q/C
where Q is the charge stored in the capacitor, C is a constant called
the capacitance of the capacitor, and V is the resulting voltage.

. Setting the two formulas for V equal to each other gives IR = Q/C
The rate I at which charge flows through the resistor is the same as the rate at which
charge flows out of the capacitor:

Putting these together gives the differential equation:

It follows that the amount of charge held in the capacitor will decay exponentially
over time where r = 1/(RC)
 Newton’s law of cooling is a differential equation that predicts the cooling of a warm
body placed in a cold environment. According to the law, the rate at which the
temperature of the body decreases is proportional to the difference of temperature
between the body and its environment. In symbols:-

where T is the temperature of the object, Te is the (constant) temperature of the

environment, and k is a constant of proportionality. We can solve this differential
equation using separation of variables. We get:-

Solving for T gives an equation of the form:

Current researches in differential equations:-
 The fixed point theorems from metric spaces are being applied to show the
existence and uniqueness of solution to the ordinary difference equation
(ODE), Partial difference equation (PDEs) and fractional boundary value
problem - By Piyachat Borisut, Konrawut Khammahawong and
Poom Kumam
 Numerical Simulation of an Air Pollution Model on Industrial Areas by
Considering the Influence of Multiple Point Sources - by Pravitra
Oyjinda
 On the Global Dynamics of a Vector-Borne Disease Model with Age of
Vaccination by Stanislas Ouaro and Ali Traoré.
 Mathematical Modeling of the Adaptive Immune Responses in the Early
Stage of the HBV Infection by Karam Allali, Adil Meskaf.
 Modeling and Analysis of Integrated Pest Control Strategies via Impulsive
Differential Equations by Joseph Páez Chávez, Dirk Jungmann,
and Stefan Siegmund.
 Differential equations are integral parts for
advancement in science and engineering. It’s wide
application not just in mathematics but also in
Physics, economics and operations research.
 Even to calculate the motion of a projectile , in rocket
science, in chemical reactions, we find it’s
application in day to day life , making it an integral
part of both pure and applied mathematics.
 Differential equations – Ross
 Ordinary and partial differential equations –
Raisinghania
 NASA
 Research gate
 Cambridge university press
 Internet

THANK YOU