84 Class 9th Term II

ACTIVITY ZONE

ACTIVITY 1 (NCERT Pg 46)

Objective
To show the presence of charged particles in matter.
Procedure
1. Comb dry hair.
Bring the comb near the small pieces of paper.
2. Rub a glass rod with a silk cloth and bring the rod near an inflated balloon.
Observation
Comb will attract the pieces of paper. Rod will also attract the inflated balloon. In both the cases, it is concluded that on rubbing
two objects together, they become electrically charged.
Conclusion
This shows that an atom is divisible and consists of charged particles.

Check Yourself
1. What happens when we rub two objects?
Ans On rubbing two objects together, they become electrically charged.
2. What conclusion can you draw from the above activity?
Ans The activity shows that an atom is divisible and consists of charged particles.
3. Name the charged particles present in an atom.
Ans Electrons and protons are the charged particles, present in an atom.
4. Name the neutral particle present in an element.
Ans Neutron is the neutral particle present in an element.
5. What happens if two oppositely charged substances are placed near each other?
Ans They attract each other.
 85

ACTIVITY 2 (NCERT Pg 50)

Objective
To understand the composition of atoms of the first twenty elements.
Procedure
Make a static atomic model displaying electronic configuration of the first twenty elements.
Electronic Configuration of Some Elements
Atomic Configuration
S.No. Element Symbol
number K L M N
1. Hydrogen H 1 1
2. Helium He 2 2
3. Lithium Li 3 2 1
4. Beryllium Be 4 2 2
5. Boron B 5 2 3
6. Carbon C 6 2 4
7. Nitrogen N 7 2 5
8. Oxygen O 8 2 6
9. Fluorine F 9 2 7
10. Neon Ne 10 2 8
11. Sodium Na 11 2 8 1
12. Magnesium Mg 12 2 8 2
13. Aluminium Al 13 2 8 3
14. Silicon Si 14 2 8 4
15. Phosphorus P 15 2 8 5
16. Sulphur S 16 2 8 6
17. Chlorine Cl 17 2 8 7
18. Argon Ar 18 2 8 8
19. Potassium K 19 2 8 8 1
20. Calcium Ca 20 2 8 8 2

Check Yourself
1. What is the number of valence electrons in an atom of 4. There are four atoms A, B, C and D with atomic numbers 9,
element having atomic number =16? 11, 13 and 15 respectively. Which atom contains less than
Ans Electronic configuration of element is 2, 8, 6. So, number of 8 electrons in L -shell?
valence electrons is 6. Ans Electronic configuration of A (9) is 2, 7. So, atom A contains
less than 8 electrons in the L-shell.
2. Name the atom which shows two types of valencies.
Ans P shows a valency of 3 and 5. 5. Calcium has twenty electrons which occupy K, L, M and
K L M N N-shells. Which of these is/are incomplete?
K L M N
3. The electronic configuration of an element Y is 2, 8, 8 , 1. Ans Electronic configuration of Ca is 2 , 8 , 8 , 2 . As N-shells can
Name this element Y. accommodate a maximum of 8 electrons thus, N-shells is
Ans The element Y is potassium. incomplete.