ASSIGNMENT CFD-1

Name: Hassan Ahmed

Reg No.: 321077

INTRODUCTION

High-order accuracy numerical methods are especially efficient for solving partial differential
equations (PDEs) which contain complex solution structures. Here we refer to high-order accurate
numerical methods by those with an order of accuracy at least three, measured by local truncation
errors when the solution is smooth.

High-order numerical schemes have been applied extensively in computational fluid dynamics for
solving convection-dominated problems with both discontinuities/sharp gradient regions and
complicated smooth structures.

ENO and WENO SCHEMES:

The weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) and essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) schemes
are popular numerical methods to solve higher order partial differential equations (hyperbolic in
nature). For hyperbolic PDEs or convection-dominated problems, their solutions can develop
singularities such as discontinuities, sharp gradients, discontinuous derivatives, etc. For problems
containing both singularities and complicated smooth solution structures, schemes with uniform
high order of accuracy in smooth regions of the solution which can also resolve singularities in an
accurate and essentially nonoscillatory (ENO) fashion are desirable, since a straightforward high-
order approximation for the non-smooth region of a solution will generate instability called Gibbs
phenomena.

These schemes are efficient in providing higher order accuracy in regions that are smooth while
they also maintain stable discontinuous transitions. The schemes are thus especially suitable for
problems containing both strong discontinuities and complex smooth solution structures. The main
idea of the WENO schemes is to form a weighted combination of several local reconstructions
based on different stencils (usually referred to as small stencils) and use it as the final WENO
reconstruction. The combi-nation coefficients (also called nonlinear weights) depend on the linear
weights, often chosen to increase the order of accuracy over that on each small stencil, and on the
smoothness indicators which measure the smoothness of the reconstructed function in the relevant
small stencils. Hence an adaptive approximation or reconstruction procedure is the essential part
of the WENO schemes.

COMPACT SCHEME:

Differential equations are essential tools in mathematical modelling. Most physical systems are
described in terms of mathematical models that include convective and diffusive transport of some
variables. Finite difference methods are amongst the most popular methods that have been applied
most frequently in solving such differential equations.

A finite difference scheme is compact in the sense that the discretized formula comprises at most
nine-point stencils which includes a node in the middle about which differences are taken. In
addition, greater order of accuracy (more than two) justifies the terminology 'higher-order compact
finite difference scheme' (HOC). This can be achieved in several ways. The higher-order compact
scheme considered here is by using the original differential equation to substitute for the leading
truncation error terms in the finite difference equation. Overall, the scheme is found to be robust,
efficient and accurate for most computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications.