INPLANT TRAINING REPORT

INTRODUCTION OF POWER GENERATOION:-

In the present day whole existence of mankind depends upon energy

that is electrical energy become part partial of our life. The need and
demand for energy is increasing at breath taking speed all over the
world. The world energy demand be more than 50% higher in 2030 than
today. Economic development of any country depends upon its electrical
energy available in the country.

IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION:-

 It travels at high speed.

 It’s free from smoke, ashes.
 Very clean and healthy.
 Using the transmission lines, it can be easily transferred from one
place to another place.
 Easily converted from one source of energy to other form.
 It is not hazardous to health.
 Easy control.
 High transmission efficiency.

SOURCE OF ENERGY:-
 The sun energy.
 The wind energy.
 Water energy.
 Fuels energy.
 Nuclear energy.

CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY SOURCES:-

1. Conventional sources of energy

2. Non-conventional sources of energy

1. Conventional sources of Energy (Non-renewable):-

 Hydro electric power plant.

 Thermal power plant.
 Nuclear power plant.
 Diesel power plant.

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2. Non-conventional sources of Energy (Renewable):-

 Solar power plant

 Wind power plant
 Geothermal Energy
 Bio mass
 Tidal Power plant
 Fuel cells
 Urban waste energy
 Hydrogen energy.

TRANSMISSION OF POWER:-

The huge amount of power generated in a power station not nearer to

the load center ( Hundreds of MW) then it is to be transported over a long
distance (Hundreds of KM) to load centers to cater power to the consumer
with the help of transmission line and transmission towers.

ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION:-

It is the final stage in the delivery of electric power, it carries electricity

from the transmission system to individual consumers. Distribution
substation connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission
voltage to medium voltage ranging between 11KV and 440V with the use of
transformer secondary distribution lines carry this low voltages power
distribution transformer located near the consumer's premises.

INTRODUCTION OF SUBSTATIONS :-

Presently, electrical power is being generated, transmitted and distributed

in the form of AC. Different types of consumers require different types of
electrical power. While delivering electrical power, different types of
conversion are required.
 Low or high voltage.
 AC-DC voltage
 Improved power factor
 Constant frequency etc, of electrical supply. This can be achieved by
using suitable equipment called sub-stations.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF SUBSTATIONS.

 Nature of Duties.
 Service required
 Operating voltage
 Importance
 Design

1. ON THE BASICS OF NATURE OF DUTIES :-

 Step-up or Primary Substations.

 Primary grid Substations.
 Step-down or distribution Substations.

2. ON THE BASICS OF SEVICE RENDERED :-

 Transformer Substations.
 Switching Substations.
 Converting Substations.

3. ON THE BASICS OF OPERATING VOLTAGE :-

 High voltage substations [ HV Substations ]

 Extra high voltage substations [ EHV Substations ]
 Ultra High voltage substations [UHV Substations ]

4. ON THE BASIS OF IMPORTANCE :-

 Grid substations
 Town substations

5. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTATIONS ON THE BASIS OF DESIGN:-

 Indoor type substations

 Outdoor substations
 Pole mounted substations
 Foundation mounted substations

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MAIN COMPONENTS OF SUB-STATIONS :-

1. CURRENT TRANSFORMER :-

 A current transformer is defined as an instrument transformer in

which the secondary current is substantially proportional to the
primary current [ Under normal conditions of operation] and differs
in phase from it by and angle which is approximately zero for an
appropriate direction of the connections.
 Current transformers are usually either measuring or protective
type.

2. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER:-

Potential transformer or voltage transformer gets used in electrical

power system for stepping down the system voltage to a safe value which
can be fed to low ratings meters and relays. Commercially available relays
and meters used for protection and metering, are designed for low voltage.
This is a simplest form of potential transformer definition.

3. LIGHTING ARRESTOR:-

It is a protection device used for protection against high voltage lighting

surges, voltages. lightning arrestor has a gap the gap is insulative and non
conductive for normal line voltage. when lightning occurs the air gap
becomes ionized and starts conducting one end of the gap is connected to
line and other end is grounded through non-linear resistor the voltage
surges passes through non linear. The properties of non linear resistor are
it becomes high resistive for high voltages and vice-versa. Since the
lightning surge is very high voltage the resistance offered is very high and
voltage is limited and pass to ground and the line is protected. Rod gap
arrestor is most commonly used.

Types of lightning arrestors:-

 Valve type lightning arrestor.

 Expulsion type lightning arrestor.
 Horn gap type lightning arrestor.
 Zinc oxide type lightning arrestor.
 Rod gap type lightning arrestor.

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4. GOS [Gang Operating Switch] :-

GOS is gang operating switch. which is used for connecting and

disconnecting the line GOS is connected between busbar and incoming line
and busbar and outgoing line, also used for transmission lines for line
clearance. The GOS is given to all 3 phases at a time and a lever for manual
operation by rotating the lever using GOS rod we can disconnect the line
this can be done manually or automatically. GOS is always operated in off
load condition.

5. TRANSFORMER:-

Transformer is a static device which works on the principle of mutual

induction. Transformer has two windings Primary windings and Secondary
windings. and Core is made up of magnetic material there are two types of
transformers

Based on construction :-
 Core type.
 Shell type.

Based on Working :-
 Step-up transformer
 Step-down transformer
 1:1 transformer and other types are CT, PT these are instrumental
transformer used for measurement and protection.

Main components of transformer

 Primary winding.
 Secondary winding.
 Conservator tank.
 Breather.
 Radiator.
 Cooling fan.
 Transformer oil.
 Oil tank.

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6. CAPACITOR BANK :-

Capacitor bank is a power factor correction device. If the load in substation

is inductive the power factor lags so capacitor bank is used to power factor
improvement and hence power factor is maintained and voltage fluctuation
is reduced.

7. CIRCUIT BREAKER :-

Circuit breaker is a protective device which can make or break the

circuit either manually or automatically under all conditions like no load
full load and short circuit condition. A circuit breaker is a piece of element
which can make or break a circuit either manually or remote control under
normal condition. and break circuit automatically under fault conditions.

SULPHUR HEXA FLUROID GAS (SF6) :-

In the types of circuit breaker SF6 gas is used as an arch quenching medium
then only it is called as SF6 circuit breaker. SF6 is an electro negative gas
and has a strong tendency to observe free electrons. The contracts of the
circuit breaker are opened in a high pressure flow of
SF6 gas and an arc is stuck between them. The conducting free electrons in
the arc are rapidly captured by the gas to form immobile negative ions.
These laws of conducting electrons in the arc quickly builds the dielectric
strength to extinguish the arc. So this type of circuit breaker are more
effective for higher power and higher voltage.

8. BATTERY CHARGER:-

Battery charger is an electrical device which is a combination of several

electronic component such as converter, Inverter, Battery. The battery
charger is convert AC to DC. it use to maintain un-interruption supply to
the all electrical components.

There are 3 mode of charging:-

 Float mode
 Boost mode
 Normal mode

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The heart of a substation is the battery bank. If this were to fail, this is what
could happen:

 An electric utility could expose all feeders associated with the station to
a condition where they could not ever trip in a fault.
 Any backup devices, such as the main breaker on the low-voltage side
or the high-voltage side protection of the power transformer, would all
be inoperative.

9. SUBSTATION EARTHING :-

This comprises of a earth mat formed by a horizontal buried conductor

or Grid. In addition to these conductors or grid earthing spikes or
electrodes are driven into the ground and are electrically connected to
earth grid, equipment body, structure Etc...

The grounding system in substation is very important. The function of

grounding system of substation are earth mat system are:-

 To ensure safety to personal in substation against electrical shock.

 To discharge the over voltage from over head wires and to provide
ground path for surge arrestors.
 To provide path for discharging the charge between phase and ground
by means of earthing switches.
 To provide earth connection to structure and other non-current carring
metallic object in substation.

10. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a control system

architecture that uses computer network data communications and
graphical user interfaces for high level process supervisory management
but uses other peripheral devices such as programmable logic controllers
and discrete PID controller to interface to the process plant or machinery.
The operator interfaces which enable monitoring and the issuing of process
commands. Such as controller set point changes are handled through the
SCADA supervisory computer system.

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11. RELAY PANEL:-

It consists of different types of relay such as numerical relay &

Electromagnetic relay. It protect the transmission & distribution system.

LT PANEL:-

Outgoing of step-down transformer is taken to LT panels through LT

ACB’s from where it is distribution boards in complete building for further
distribution to power points, light points, machines pumps Etc...

It consists or different types of relay ;-

 Over current relay [ OLR ]

 Earth leakage relay [ ELR ]
 Differential relay

HT PANEL:-

Incoming of the step down transformer is connected through HT

panel. it consists of different types of relays and CB. Incoming of the HT
panel is connected to the HT transmission line.

It consists of different types of relay :-

 Over current relay [ OLR ]

 Earth leakage relay [ ELR ]
 Differential relay

12. FEEDERS :-

Feeders is network of conductors which feeds power in different

localities from substation usually at 11 KV . It makes power reach near the
consumers. Where 11KV is step downto 440/230 for use. According to
purpose and requirements feeder are divided into four groups.
 Radial Feeders
 Ring Feeders
 Parallel Feeders
 Meshed System

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FEEDERS OF AKKUR MOLE POWER SUB STATION

Incoming 66KV Line From The T.K. Halli

Bank-1

Transformer Rating:
 6.3MVA Transformer

CONNECT OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F1- Sulleri
F2- Garakalli
F3- SantheMogenahalli
F4- Kodamballi
F5- Singarajipura
F6- Banagalli
F7- Harokoppa
F8- Akkur

Bank-2

Transformer Rating:
8MVA Transformer

CONNECT OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F9- Jagadapura
F10- Ambadalli
F11- Sogala
F12- A.V.Halli
F13- Bank-A1
F14- Sulleri Lift
F15- Vaidyanatheshwara
F16- Tubinakere

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FEEDERS OF BEVOORU POWER SUB STATION

Incoming 66KV Line FromKempanahalliBidadi

Bank-1

Transformer Rating:
6.3MVA Transformer

F1- HarooruMogenahalli
F3- Huluvadi
F4- Station Auxillary
F9- Tenkanahalli [NJY]
F14- Byranayakanahalli
F15- Mankunda [NJY]

Bank-2

Transformer Rating:
12.5MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F5- Gowdagere
F6- Bevooru
F7- Kelegere
F8- Makali
F10- MakaliHosalli[NJY]
F11- Harokoppa
F12- Kanva Lift
F13- Kadarmangala
F2- Honnayakanahalli

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FEEDERS OF RAMANAGARA POWER SUB STATION

Incoming 66KV Line From Kempanahalli Bidadi

Bank-1

Transformer Rating:
12.5MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F1- JanapadaLoka
F2- Town-1
F3- Balageri
F4- Industrial
F5- Basavanapura
F11- Station Auxillary
F12- K.P.Doddi[Hunasanahalli](NJY)
F13- Under BusBar Charge Condition
F14- Under BusBar Charge Condition

Bank-2

Transformer Rating:
12.5MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F6- Senapati
F7- Hunasanahalli
F8- Town-3
F9- Bilagumba
F10- Town-2

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FEEDERS OF CHANNAPATNA POWER SUB STATION

Incoming 66KV Line FromKempanahalliBidadi

Bank-1

Transformer Rating:
20MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F1- Dasavara
F2- Bramhanipura
F3- B.V.Halli
F4- Viroopasandra
F5- Mudagere
F6- Water supply
F21- Hodikehosahalli
F22- MahadeshwaraNagara

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Bank-2

Transformer Rating:
20MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F7- S.S.Mill
F8- Honganooru
F9- Sankalagere
F10- Abburu
F11- CPT-1
F12- Tittamaranahalli
F13- Koodlooru
F14- Station Auxilalry
F15- Elekeri
F16- Chakkere
F17- Tagachagere
F18- Govindahalli
F19- Aralalusandra
F20- DevaraHosalli

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FEEDERS OF BIDADI POWER SUB STATION

Two Incoming 220KV Line From PGCIL

PGCIL- [Power Grid Corporation Of India Limited]

Bank-1

Transformer Rating:
100MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F1- Station Auxillary

F2- Hittamodu
F3- Byramangala
F4- Hosooru
F5- Kallagopanahalli
F14- Eangle Sal Ryand
F15- Milusbish Electric India PVT.
F16- K.I.A.D.B.
F17- MTPL [Manjushree Techo Pack Ltd.]
F18- PGCIL

Bank-1A

Transformer Rating:
20MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F19- NXTGEN
F20- ThoreDoddi
F21- Kenchanaguppe
F27- Chowkahalli [NJY]
F23- NJY

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Bank-2

Transformer Rating:
100 MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F6- Bidadi
F7- K.I.A.D.B
F8- Cocacola
F9- Hejjala
F10- Shamangala
F11- Toyota Techno Park
F12- Eagle Tan
F13- T.K.M.P.

Bank-2A

Transformer Rating:
31.5 MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F24- Idle
F25- Bharatiyan
F26- Kodiyala
F22- Idle

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FEEDERS OF TUBINAKERE POWER SUB STATION

Two Incoming 220KV Line From Bastipura, Vigenahalli

Bank-1

Transformer Rating :-
6.3 MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F1- Auxillary
F2- Kalenahalli
F3- Tubinkere Industrial
F4- Yaliuru
F5- U.K.Gere

Bank-2

Transformer Rating:
8MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

F6- Tubinakere Rural

F7- Kodiyala
F8- Idle
F9- Idle
F10- Idle

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66KV Outgoing Lines :-

Transformer Rating:
100MVA Transformer

CONNECTED OUTGOING FEEDERS :-

1] Nagamangala Line-1
2] Nagamangala Line-2
3] Shriranga Patna
4] Pandavapura
5] Arakere
6] Mandya 4 Line
7] Mandya 1 Line
8] Mandya 2 Line
9] Mandya 3 Line

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CONCLUSION:-

Visiting of different substations in Inplant training to

acquired more knowledge about operation, maintenance and
switching operation of substation. It also gives an
information about the changes in voltage & operation of
different voltage level feeders.

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