Gaseous State 249

P = 100 kPa , P1  ? , V = 1 litre , V1  4 litre

Critical state and Liquefaction of gases
applying Boyle's law PV  P1V1
100  1 = P1  4 ; P1  25
1 a 2 b 3 d 4 c 5 d
If P2 is the pressure of O 2 gas in the mixture of O 2 and
6 d 7 c 8 c 9 abc 10 c
N 2 then, 320  3 = P2  4 ; P2  240
11 c
Hence, Total pressure P  P1  P2  25  240
 265 kPa
Critical Thinking Questions
Ideal gas equation and Related gas laws
1 a 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 a
1
6 d 7 b 8 b 9 a 10 a 1. (c) Boyle's law is V  at constant T
P
11 a 12 b 13 b 14 c 15 b
1
2. (d) According to Boyle's law V 
16 a 17 b 18 b 19 a 20 d P
21 c 22 c Constant
V ; VP = Constant.
P
Assertion & Reason 3. (a) At sea level, because of compression by air above the proximal
layer of air, pressure increases hence volume decreases i.e.
density increases. It is Boyle’s law.
1 c 2 c 3 a 4 d 5 a
4. (a) At constant T , P1V1  P2 V2
6 d 7 a 8 b 9 a 10 b 20
1  20  P2  50 ; P2  1
11 a 12 a 13 c 14 e 15 d 50
5. (a) P.V = constant at constant temperature. As temperature
16 c
changes, the value of constant also changes.
6. (b,c)According to Boyle's Law PV = constant, at constant
temperature either P increases or V increases both (b) & (c)
may be correct.
d1 1 T1 2 P1 V2 T1 T .d
7. (a)  ,      1 1
d 2 2 T2 1 P2 V1 T2 T2 .d 2
P1 2 1 1
 . 
P2 1 2 1
Characteristics and Measurable properties of gases o
8. (a) Absolute temperature is temperature measured in Kelvin ,
1. (c) Gases do not have definite shape and volume. Their volume is expressed by T
equal to the volume of the container. 11. (a) T1  273o C  273  273o K  546o K
2. (c) All the three phases of water can coexist at 0 o C & 4.7 mm T2  0 o C  273  0 o C  273o K
pressure.
3. (b) It is characteristic of gases i.e. Thermal energy >> molecular P1  1 ; P2  ?
attraction According to Gay-Lussac’s law
4. (a) In gases, molecular attraction is very less and intermolecular
P1 P2 PT 1  273 o K 1
spaces are large hence kinetic energy of gases is highest.   P2  1 2  atm; atm.
5. (c) Gases and liquids, both can flow and posses viscosity. T1 T2 T1 546 o K 2
7. (a) Newton is unit of force. 12. (a) Vt  Vo (1   v t)
C o F o  32
8. (b)   (V2  V1 )  V  Vo(t 2  t1 )
5 9
if t2  t1  1o then V  Vo
9. (c) 1 L  10 3 m 3  10 3 cm 3  1dm 3  10 3 ml .
10. (a) 1 atm = 10 6 dynes cm -2
For every 1o C increase in temperature, the volume of a given
12. (b) Barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure of mixture mass of an ideal gas increases by a definite fraction
of gases. Staglometer is used to measure surface tension. Only 1
of Vo . Here Vo is volume at 0 o C temperature.
manometer is used to measure pressure of pure gas in a vessel. 273.15
13. (a) 0 o C is equivalent to 273o K i.e. conditions are same so V1 T1 T 546 o K
volume will be V ml. 13. (a)   V2  2 V1   0 .2 L  0 .4 L.
14. (d) The mass of gas can be determined by weighing the container, V2 T2 T1 273o K
filled with gas and again weighing this container after removing T2 270 o K
the gas. The difference between the two weights gives the mass 14. (a) V2  .V1  .400cm 3  360cm 3
of the gas. T1 300 o K
15. (c) Nobel gases has no intermolecular forces due to inertness. contraction  V1  V2  400  360  40cm 3
16. (e) Total volume of two flasks = 1+ 3 = 4
If P1 the pressure of gas N 2 in the mixture of N 2 and 15. (c) At constant volumes P  T
nR
O 2 then P = constant T; PV = nRT  P  T
V
 250 Gaseous State
nR P1 V1 P2 V2 PV T
slope = m   V2  V1 35. (b)   1 1  1
V T1 T P2 V2 T2
m1 V2
  m1  m 2 is curve for V has a greater slope than 36. (c) d a  2d b ; 2 M a  M b
2

m 2 V1 m m RT dRT
for V PV  nRT  RT ; P  . 
1
M V M M
P1 P1 P P
16. (c)    Pa d a M b 2d b 2 M a
T1 T1 T1 T2    4
Pb d b M a db Ma
2 P1  T  T2  2 P1 (T1 T2 ) 2 P1 T2
 P  1 ; P 
  37. (d) n of O2 
16 1

T1  1 2 
T T T (
1 1T  T 2 ) T1  T2 32 2
18. (c) At constant V of a definite mass 3
P1 P2 P1 300 1 n of H 2 
    i.e. pressure increases 2
T1 T2 P2 600 2 3 1
and on increasing temperature energy of molecules increases so  2
Total no. of moles =
2 2
the rate of collisions also increases and number of moles
nRT 2  .082  273
remains constant because there is neither addition nor V   44.8 lit = 44800 ml
removal of gas in the occurring. P 1
19. (a) Avogadro number = 6.0224  10 23
PV m
38. (c) n 
PV RT M
20. (b) Compressibility =  1 at STP (as given)
nRT MPV 34  2  100
nRT  PV R = 0.821 m   282.4 gm
RT 0.082  293
N  0.0821  273  1Vm T = 273 K o

PV T 760 546
39. (c) V2  1 1 1    273  691.6 ml.
22.41 litres Vm P=1 T1 P2 600 273
n=1 P1V1 P2 V2 P V m
21. (c) The value of universal gas constant can be expressed in 40. (a)   T2  2 2 T1 1
different units and its value would depend only on the units of n1T1 n2 T2 P1 V1 m2
the measurement. 0 .75 1 2
22. (c) PV = nRT     300 o K  450 o K
1 1 1
PV
R  litre . atm. K mole –1 –1
P1 T2 1 250
nT 41. (b) V2  .V1    12000lit.  20000lit.
23. (d) (atm. K mol ) is not a unit of R
-1 –1 P2 T1 0.5 300
24. (a) 8.31 J.K mol -1 –1
42. (c) At constant pressure
1 cal = 4.2 J. m
8 .31 V  nT  T
 cal.K 1mol 1 = 1.987 cal K mol –1 –1 M
4 .2 V1 m1 T1 T V m d 300 o K 0 .75 d
n P   1  1  2  2  
30. (c) PV = nRT   V2 m 2 T2 T2 m1 V2 d1 T2 d
V RT
300
nRT 2  0 .0821  546 T2   400 o K
31. (a) P    2 atm. 0 .75
V 44.8 l
P1 V1 P2 V2 PV 740 80
P1 V1 P2 V2 PVT 43. (c)   T2  2 2  T1    300
32. (a)   n 2  2 2 1 n1 T1 T2 P1 V1 740 100
n1 T1 n 2 T2 P1 V1 T2
 240o K  33o C
at STP n1  one mole. at T  273o  30 o  303o K 47. (b) Because H 2 & Cl 2 gases may react with each other to
P = 1 atm.
1
P2  1 atm produce HCl gas hence Dalton's law is not applicable.
V = 22.4 lt
1
V2  22.4 48. (d) Because HCl & NH 3 gases may react to produce NH 4 Cl
T = 273 K
1
o
gas. Dalton's Law is applicable for non reacting gas mixtures.
1 22.4 273 49. (b) NH 3 and HCl & HBr is a reacting gas mixture to
n2     1  0.9 moles
1 22.4 303 produce NH 4 Cl & NH 4 Br so Dalton's law is not applicable.
nRT 0 .5  0.082  273 K o
m
33. (b) V    11.2lit 50. (c) No. of moles of lighter gas 
P 1 4
P1 V1T2 m
34. (b) V2   P1  P ; T1  273o K No. of moles of heavier gas 
P2 T1 40
3 T 4 m m 11m
P2  P ; T2  T1  1   273 o K Total no. of moles   
2 3 3 4 40 40
2 P 4 273 800 m
V2     100cc  cc  88.888 cc 10
3 P 3 273 9 Mole fraction of lighter gas  4 
= 88.9 cc 11m 11
40
 Gaseous State 251

10 x 2 1
Partial pressure due to lighter gas  Po    gm.  .5 gm
11 10 10  4 2
10 69. (a) rCH 4  2rg
 1 .1   1atm.
11 2
 rCH 
52. (a) m. wt. of NH 3  17 ; m.wt. of N 2  28 M g  M CH 4  4   16  2 2  64
 rg 
m.wt. of CO 2  44 ; m.wt. of O2  32  
beacuse NH 3 is lightest gas out of these gases 1 Volume effused V
70. (b) r  r  
M time taken t
 1 
r   V 1
 MolecularWeight   for same volumes (V constant)
t M
rg M He r 2 He 4 4 t1 M1
55. (a)   M g  M He . 2  2
 2 t M 
rHe Mg r g (1 .4 ) 1 .96 t2 M2
Note : 1.4  2  t He  t H 2
M He
5
4
 5 2 s.
1 M H2 2
56. (a) rg  .rH 2
5
32
 rH 
2 tO 2  t  5  20 s
Mg 2
  2   (5)2  25 ; M g  2  25  50
M H2  rg  28 44
2
tCO  5  5 14 s ; tCO 2  5  5 22 s
1  rH  2 2
57. (b) rg  rH ; M g  M H 2 . 2   2  6 2  2  36  72
rN 2 TN 2 M So 2 TN 2
6 2  rg  71. (c) 
Vrms N 2
 .  
64
58. (a) M1  64 ; r2  2r1 rSO 2 Vrms SO 2 TSO 2 M N2 323 28
2
r  1 TN 2 16
M 2  M 1  1   64   16 1 .625  .
 2
r 4 323 7

0 09 (1 .625)2  323  7

dH 1 1 TN 2   373o K
59. (b) rO  rH 1   16
dO 1 .44 16 4
72. (a) C  H 2O  COg   H 2g 
2
r 
2
d 1 1 12 gm  1mol  1mol
60. (a) ra  5rb ; a   b     
d b  ra  5 25 12 gm C produces 2mole of gases (1mole CO & 1 mole of H ) 2

48
61. (b)
d1

1 r
; 1 
d2
 16 
4 48 gm C may produce  2  4  2  8 mole
d 2 16 r2 d1 1 12
 22.4  8 L gases  179.2 L gas.
1 1
DA B  B  2  B 2 mRT 4 .4  .082  273
62. (d)    ;  D A  DB   73. (d) Molecular weight =  = 44
A  A   1  2 .24
 A
PV
DB 
63. (c) Gases may be separated by this process because of different rates of So the gas should be CO 2
diffusion due to difference in their densities. 74. (c) PV  nRT
64. (b) NH 4 Cl ring will first formed near the HCl bottle because n n
P  RT   C  P  CRT
rate of diffusion of NH 3 is more than that of HCl because V V
M NH 3 : M HCl  17 : 36.5) . SO NH 3 will reach first to the P 1
T   12o K
HCl bottle & will react there with HCl to form NH 4 Cl CR 1  .821
ring 75. (a) 6.02  10 22 molecules of each N 2 , O2 and H 2
65. (d) Because both NO and C2 H 6 have same molecular weights 6 .02  10 22
M NO  M C 2 H 6  30  and rate of diffusion  molecular

6 .02  10 23
moles of each
weight. Weight of mixture = weight of 0.1 mole N 2  weight of 0.1
2
M A  rB  r 1 1 1 mole H 2 + weight of 0.1 mole of O2
67. (d)     rA  2rB  B   2   .25
M B  rA  rA 2 (2) 4  (28  0.1)  (2  0.1)  (32  0.1)  6.2 gm
2gm xgm 76. (c) M.wt of CO 2 = 12+16+16 = 44
68. (a) rH  if rO 
10 min 10 min Volume of 44 gm of CO 2 at NTP = 22.4 litre
M H2 2 2 22 .4
rO  rH  1 gm of CO 2 at NTP =
M O2 10 32 44
 252 Gaseous State
4.4 gm of CO 2 at N.T.P In 1l of H2 maximum number of molecules


22.4
 4 .4 litre  2.24 litre 6 .023  10 23

44 22.4
78. (b) No. of moles of CO 2 present in 200 ml solution In 15l of H2 maximum number of molecules
200 6 .023  10 23
= molarity  Volume (in lt.)  0 .1   .02   15  4.03  10 23 molecules.
1000 22.4
Volume of 0.02 mole of CO 2  22.4  .02lt.  0.448lit. 93. (a) 22.4 l O2 at S.T.P.  32 gm of O 2
79. (b) Molecular weight = V.d.  2 = 11.2  2 = 22.4 32
Volume of 22.4 gm Substance of NTP = 22.4 litre 1l O 2 at S.T.P.   1 .43 gm of O 2
22.4
22.4
1 gm substance at NTP = litre 95 (a) We know that molecular mass of hydrogen M1  2 and that
22.4
11.2 gm substance of NTP = 11.2 litre of helium M 2  4 , we also know that Graham's law of
M . wt . of O2 M 32 1 diffusion
80. (b)  1  
M . wt . of SO 2 M2 64 2 r1 M2 4
   2  1 .4 ; r1  1.4 m
1 r2 M1 2
The weight of oxygen will be that of SO 2
2 rA MH r 2
81. (b) For HI has the least volume because of greater molecular 96. (a)   
rH MA 6r MA
1
weight V  M A  6  6  2  72 g
M
83. (c) Since no. of molecules is halved so pressure should also be 97. (d) Given that:
halved. V1  100ml, P1  720mm , V2  84 ml, P2  ?
84. (c) H 2 will be filled first because of lower molecular weight By using P1V1  P2 V2 [According to the Boyle's law]
85. (a) Mixture of SO 2 and Cl 2 are reacted chemically and forms P1 V1 720  100
P2    857.142
SO 2 Cl 2 . That is why mixture of these gases is not applicable V2 84
for Dalton's law. Hence, P2  857.14 mm
86. (d) According to Boyle's law
98. (b) According to gas law
P1V1  P2 V2  P1  60  720  100
PV
720  100 PV  nRT , n 
P1   1200mm RT
60
P1 V1
1
87. (a) Rate of diffusion  nA RT1 n A P1 V1 T
Molecular Mass  ;   2
nB P V
2 2 nB T1 P2 V2
that is why H 2 gas diffuse first RT2
88. (a) Solution level will rise, due to absorption of CO 2 by sodium n A 2 P  2V T n 2
  ; A 
hydroxide. nB 2T PV n B 1
2 NaOH  CO 2  Na 2 CO 3  H 2 O 99. (e) No. of molecules  2  V.d
89. (c) CaCo 3 ˆ CaO  CO 2 
 2  38.3  76.3
(40 12 16 3 ) 100 gm 22 .4 litre
wt. of NO 2  x
 At S.T.P. 100 g CaCO 3 produce= 22.4 litreof CO 2 So that wt. of N 2O4  100  x
22.4 x 100  x 100 2 x  100  x 100
 At S.T.P. 1 g CaCO 3 produce =  .224 litre of    
100 Hence,
46 92 76.6 92 76.6
CO 2
20.10
Molecularwt . Of Metal 45 x = 20.10, no. of mole. of NO 2   0 .437
90. (c) The density of gas   46
Volume 22 .4 100. (a) Given that
= 2 gmlitre 1 P1  76cm of Hg (Initial pressure at N.T.P.)

91. (a) M1  32 g for O 2 , M 2  2 g for H 2 P2  ? , V1  5litre, V2  30  5  35litres

According to Boyle's law
r1 M2 r1 2 1 1 P1V1  P2 V2 ; 76  5  P2  35
 ;   
r2 M1 r2 32 16 4 76  5
P2   P2  10.8 cm of Hg
92. (c) In 22.4 l of H2 maximum number of molecules 35
101. (c) Given initial volume V1   300cc , initial temperature
 6.023  10 23

T1   27o C  300 K , initial pressure P1   620mm , final

 Gaseous State 253

temperature T2  47 o C  320 K and final pressure 12. (d) All molecules of an ideal gas show random motion. They collide
with each other and walls of container during which they lose
P2   640mm .We know from the general gas equation or gain energy so they may not have same kinetic energy
P1 V1 P2 V2 620  300 640  V2 always.
    V2  310cc 13. (a) For same temperature kinetic energies of H 2 & He molecules
T1 T2 300 320
will be same because kinetic energy depends only on
102. (c) NH 3  HCl  NH 4 Cl temperature.
4 litre 1.5litre 14. (a) For same temp. kinetic energies would be equal for all
HCl is a limiting compound. That's why 1.5litre of HCl molecules, what ever their molecular weights will be, it doesn't
matter.
reacts with 1.5litre of NH 3 and forms NH 4 Cl . Thus (4 -
15. (a,c,d)Kinetic energies per molecule will be same because it is
1.5) 2.5litre NH 3 remains after the reaction. proportional to absolute temperature only.
P1 V1 P2 V2 P1  4 2 P1  V2 dN2 MN2 28
103. (c)  ;    i.e. dN 2  dCO 2
T1 T2 T1 2T1 d CO 2 M CO 2 44
8  2  V2 so V2  4dm 3 Total translational kinetic energy will also be same because at
104. (c) P1  P, V1  V, T1  T same temperature & pressure number of molecules present in
same volume would be same (according to Avogadro's Law)
P
P2 , V2  ? , T2  T 16. (a) On increasing pressure, the volume decreases and density
2 increases. So molecules get closer to each other hence mean
According to gas equation free path also decreases.
P1 V1 P2 V2 PV PV2 17. (b) Most probable velocity increase and fraction of molecule
 or  possessing most probable velocity decrease.
T1 T2 T 2T
 V2  4 V m
18. (d) PV  nRT  RT
M
105. (a) P1  P, V1  V, T1  273  75  348 K
m PM
85    density
P2  2 P, V2  , T2  ? V RT
100
P  V 2 P  85 V 348  2  85 P P
  T2  19. (b) d  the value of is maximum for (b)
398 T2  100 100 T T

 T2  591.6 K  318.6 o C 20. (d) If inversion temperature is 80 o C  193o K then the

temperature, at which it will produce cooling under Joule
106. (a) Boyle's law  PV = constant Thomson’s effect, would be below inversion temperature except
On differentiating the equation,
173o K all other values given as
d(PV)  d(C)  PdV  VdP  0
CP
dP dV 21. (a) Since  1 .4 , the gas should be diatomic.
 VdP  PdV   . CV
P V
1
Kinetic molecular theory of gases If volume is 11.2 lt then, no. of moles =
2
and Molecular collisions
1
 no. of molecules =  Avagadro’s No.
2
3
4. (d) Kinetic energy  RT no. of atoms = 2  no. of molecules
2
3 1
5. (b) K.E = RT it means that K.E depends upon T (absolute 2  Avagadro’s No.
2 2
temperature) only.  6.0223  10 23
3 3
7. (a) KE  RT  PV 22. (d) Density =
M
2 2 V
2 E 2 v.d  2
P 
3 V
for unit volume (V = 1)  P  E
3 d M  V.d  2
V
(c) Tr. K. E. 
3 RT d V
8. it means that the Translational Kinetic V .d 
2 2
energy of Ideal gas depends upon temperature only. 0.00130  22400
V .d   14.56 gm 1
E He THe 2
9. (b)  so energies will be same for
EH2 TH 2 23. (c) Volume of steam = 1lt = 10 3 cm 3
 m  d.V
He & H 2 at same temperature.
mass of 10 3 cm 3 steam = density  Volume
3 3
11. (a) K. E.  .RT  .2 .T  R  2calK1mol 1 =
0 .0006 gm
 10 3 cm 3  0.6 gm
2 2 cm 3
K. E.  3T
 254 Gaseous State
Actual volume occupied by H 2 O molecules is equal to volume 3 KT 1 
1

of water of same mass 12. (c) Vrms  i.e. Vrms   (m ) 2

Molecularweight m
 Actual volume of H 2 O molecules in 6 gm steam
13. (a) When average speed of molecule is increased due to increase in
= mass of steam/density of water
temperature then the change in momentum during collision
= 0.6 gm /1 gm/cm  0.6 cm 33
between wall of container and molecules of gas also increases.
CP 5 U1 m 2 T1
24. (b) r    1 .66 (For Monoatomic as He, Ne , Ar ) 14. (d)  .  T1  T2
CV 3 U2 m1 T2
25. (b) The density of neon will be highest at 0 o C 2 atm according 2
U1 m2
P   m1U1 2  m 2U2 2
to d  U2
2
m1
T
3 T2 1200
29. (d) K.E. per mole  RT 15. (d) U2  U1  U1  U1  2
2 T1 300
so all will have same K.E. at same temperature. r.m.s. velocity will be doubled.
30. (c)  W  P.dV  E
 Energy per unit volume = P UH 2 TH 2 M O2 50 32
16. (c)  .  . 1
d M 3d M M UO 2 MH2 TH 2 2 800
31. (c) d  M  1  1 ;  ; M2  .
d2 M 2 d M2 3
3 RT 3 PV 3P 1
17. (d) U    U 
Molecular speeds M M d d
U1 n1T1 nT 1 1
3 RT 8 RT Vrms 3 19. (b)    
1. (a) Vrms  , Vav  ;  U2 n2 T2 2n  2 T 4 2
M M Vav 8
U2  2U1  2U
66 1 .086
  2 RT
56 1
21. (c)
Vmp
 M  
3. (d) most probable velocity : mean velocity : V rms
Vav 8 RT 2


2 RT
:
8 RT
:
3 RT
 2:
8
: 3
M
M M M  3 RT
22. (a) Vrms   Vrms  T
3 RT 1 M
4. (d) Vrms   Vrms  at same T
M M Given V1  V , T1  300 K , V2  2V , T2  ?
2
because H 2 has least molecular weight so its r.m.s. velocity V1 T1  V  300
 ;     T2  300  4  1200 K
should be maximum. V2 T2  2 V  T2
 n 2a 
(b)  P  2 V  nb   nRT
U SO 2 1 M He TSO 2 4 TSO 2
5. (d)    . 24.
U He 2 M SO 2 THe 64 300  V 
 
 P  (2)  4 .17 5  2  .03711  2  .0821  300
2
4 TSO 2 1
  ; TSO 2  1200o K  2 
64 300 4  (5 ) 
UO 3 M O2 2  .0821  300 4 .7  2 2
6. (c)  
32

2 P   10  0.66  9.33atm
UO 2 M O3 48 3 5  2  .03711 52
26. (a) Average speed : most probable speed
7. (b) Average kinetic energy per molecule
8 RT 2 RT 8
3 3 :  : 2  1.128 : 1.
 KT   1.38  10  23  300 J = 6.17  10 21 J M M 
2 2
3 RT
U SO 2 M O 2 TSO 2 32  TSO 2 27. (d) v rms 
8. (b)   1 M
UO2 M SO 2 TO 2 64  303
3 RT 3 R  300
30 2 R   30  30 R 
32  TSO 2 M M
1  TSO 2  606
64 303 3  300
 M 1 gm  0.001 kg .
9. (d) Among these Cl 2 has the highest molecular weight so it will 30  30
posses lowest root mean square velocity.

T1  5  10 4
2
 Real gases and Vander waal’s equation
10. (b)
U1

T1
   1
U2 T2 T2  10  10 4 
 4 2. (b) Because molecules of real gases have intermolecular forces of
attraction so the effective impact on the wall of container is
 Gaseous State 255

a  0.16 gm of O 2
diminished. Pressure of real gas is reduced by factor hence
v2
behaviour of real gas deviate from ideal behaviour. Critical Thinking Questions
PV 1. (a) Average kinetic energy  (T Kelvin)
3. (c) Z  for ideal gas PV = RT so Z = 1
RT K. E2 T2 40  273 313
PV (Factor)   
12. (b) Z ; for ideal gas PV = RT; so Z = 1 K. E1 T1 20  273 293
RT 2. (c) M. wt. = V.d.  2
13. (b) Ideal gas has no attractive force between the particles
m.wt . 40
14. (d) PV = nRT is a ideal gas equation it is allowed when the = 70  2 = 140  x   5
temperature is high and pressure is low. wt .of [CO ] 12  16 
16. (b) At Boyle temperature real gas is changed into ideal gas 3. (c) Gas deviate from ideal gas behaviour to real gas (according to
17. (a) When pressure is low Vander Waal's at low temperature and high pressure)
 a  4. (c) At same temperature and pressure, equal volumes have equal
 P  2 V  b   RT number of molecules. If 1lit. of oxygen consists N molecules
 V 
then at same temperature and pressure 1 lit of SO 2 will
a ab PV a
or PV  RT  Pb   2 or 1 consists N molecules. So 2 lit. of SO 2 will contain 2 N
V V RT VRT
molecules.
a  PV  5. (a) Vav : Vrms : V = V : U :
Z   Z most probable

VRT  RT 
8 RT 3 RT 2 RT
18. (b) At high temperature and low pressure, Vander Waal’s equation : :
is reduced to ideal gas equation. M M M
PV = nRT
8
PV = RT (For 1 mole of gas)  :V :U  2 : : 3  1 : 1.128 : 1.224
20. (a) Vander waal's constant for volume correction b is the measure 
of the effective volume occupied by the gas molecule. Cp
 2  6. (d) ratio for diatomic gases is 1.40 at lower temperature &
22. (a)  P  n a  (V  nb)  nRT Cv
 V 2 
 1.29 at higher temperature so the answer is 'd'.
 2.253  7. (b) PV  nRT (For ideal gas)
P   (0 .25  0 .0428)  0 .0821  300 PV
 0.25  0.25  Z  1 (For ideal gas)
nRT
or (P  36.048)(0.2072)  24.63
8. (b) If Z  1 then molar volume is less than 22.4 L
 P  36.048  118.87  P  82.82 atm. x x
9. (a) rO 2  mole / sec  rg  mol / sec
18 45
Critical state and Liquefaction of gases 2
 rO  2
  32 x  45   32  45
2

2. (b) A diabatic demagnetisation is a technique of liquefaction of M g  MO 2  2

 rg   18 x  18 2
gases in which temperature is reduced.  
3. (d) An ideal gas can’t be liquefied because molecules of ideal gas 1 1 1
have not force of attraction between them. 10. (a) rSO 2 : rO2 : rCH 4  : :
4. (c) At above critical temperature, substances are existing in M SO 2 O2 CH 4
gaseous state, since gas cannot be liquefied above it.
1 1
5. (d) Absence of inter molecular attraction ideal gas cannot be  
liquefied at any volume of P and T. 64 : 32 : 16 4 : 2 :1
6. (d) For Z gas of given gases, critical temperature is highest 1 1 1 2 2 2
8a 8  12 : : ; : : ; 1: 2 :2
Tc   Tc   1603.98 K 2 2 1 2 2 1
27 Rb 27  .0821  .027 1/2
7. (c) Value of constant a is greater than other for NH 3 that’s why  n c 2  n2 c 22  n3 c32  .... 
11. (a) Root mean square speed   1 1  .
NH 3 can be most easily liquefied.  n1  n2  n3  ...... 
8. (c) The temperature below which the gas can be liquefied by the 40
application of pressure alone is called critical temperature. 12. (b) If 40 ml O 2 will diffuse in t min. then. rO2 
t
M
10. (c) d   M  d V 50 M H2 50 2 50 1
V rH   rO  rH 2   .
M  2.68  22.4 at N.T.P.  V  22.41 20 M O2 20 32 20 4
M  60.03 gm 40 50 40  80
 t   60 min.
m. wt of COS  12  16  32  60 t 80 50
11. (c) 22400 ml is the volume of O 2 at N.T.P =32gm of O 2 TCH 4 M O2
Vav CH 4
32 13. (b)  . 1
1ml is the volume of O 2 at NTP = Vab O2 TO 2 M CH 4
22400
TCH 4 32
32 .  1 ; TCH 4  150 o K
112 ml is the volume of O 2 at NTP =  112 300 16
22400
14. (c) Pressure of O 2 (dry) = 751-21 = 730 mm Hg
 256 Gaseous State
730 V1 V2 V1
  0 .96 atm 8. (b)  (Initial fraction  1 when temperature is
760 T1 T2 V2
PV 1  145 V1 300 3
15. (b) PV  nRT , n    5.8  6 mole . 27 o C . At 127 o C the new fraction is   
RT 0.082  3 V2 400 4
nRT m RT 1 0.82  350
16. (a) V   .    0.495lit. air expelled  1 
3 1

P M P 58 1 4 4
= 495 cm 3

9. (a) In case of H , compressibility factor increases with the pressure.

2

rHe M CH 4 16 At 273 K, Z > 1 which shows that it is difficult to compress the

17. (b)  = 2 gas as compared to ideal gas. In this case repulsive forces
rCH 4 M He 4
dominate.
V1 T1 TV 2V 10. (b) In real gases, the intermolecular forces of attraction and the
18. (b)   T2  1 2  300 o K,  600 o K
V2 T2 V1 V volume occupied by the gas molecules cannot be neglected.
11. (a) When the temperature increase, the average speed of gas
T2  600o K  (600  273)o C  327o C molecules increases and by this increase the pressure of gas is
4 also increases.
19. (a) no. of moles of O2   0 .125 12. (a) It is correct that gases do not settle to the bottom of container
32 and the reason for this is that due to higher kinetic energy of
2 gaseous molecules they diffuse.
no. of moles of H 2  1 13. (c) The assertion, that a mixture of helium and oxygen is used for
2
deep sea divers, is correct. The He is not soluble in blood.
total no. of moles = 1  0.125  1.125 Therefore, this mixture is used.
nRT 1.125  0.082  273 14. (e) Dry air is heavier than wet air because the density of dry air is
P   25.184 atm. more than water.
V 1
15. (d) All molecule of a gas have different speed. Therefore, they move
P1  V P 2 by its own speed.
20. (d)  , 1  2 
P2 2 V2 P1 1 16. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false because of effusion rate
1
2L 2  (Molecular weight) but it does not depend on
 ; V2  1L M
V2 1
molecular size.
V2 T2
21. (c) 
V1 T1

T2 310 o K
 V2  V1   300 cm 3  310 cm 3
T1 300 o K
T2 270 o K
22. (c) V2  .V1   300ml  270ml
T1 300 o K

Assertion & Reason

1. (c) Pressure is inversly proportional to volume (Boyle’s law).
1
p (n, T constant).
V
2. (c) The air pressure decreases with increase in altitude. So the
partial pressure of Oxygen is not sufficient for breathing at
higher altitude and thus pressurization is needed.
3. (a) At a given temperature and pressure the volume of a gas is
directly proportional to the amount of gas Vn (P and T
constant).
4. (d) According to Dalton’s law of partial pressure, the pressure
exerted by a mixture of non – interacting gases is equal to the
sum of their partial pressures (pressure exerted by individual
gases in mixture) PTotal  P1  P2  P3 … (T and V constant).
Both the gases if non-interacting would spread uniformly to
occupy the whole volume of the vessel.
5. (a) Considering the attractive force pressure in ideal gas equation
an2
(PV = nRT) is correct by introducing a factor of where a
V2
is a vander waal’s constant.
3 RT
6. (d) rms  is inversly related to molecular mass.
M
Therefore, rms (CO )  rms (CO 2 ).