IRIS TRK 8

Key to the Coursebook

d
ite
2. (a) By domestic walls, the poet
Where the Mind is Without Fear means the bindings or divisions

m
Comprehension of caste, race, colour, creed and
superstitions.

Li
A. 1. The poet is writing about pre-
(b) The poet dreams of a nation
Independent India in this poem.
where people are truthful and

ny
2. The poet hopes that the people should words come out from the depth
strive tirelessly towards perfection. of their hearts.

pa
3. The poet describes old habits as dead (c) Here, tireless striving has been
habits. personified like a human being,
4 The poet has compared reason to a
clear stream.
om who is stretching his arms to
achieve the goals in life with
perfection.
5. The ideal country as described by the
C
poet is one where the mind is fearless 3. (a) The power of reasoning has not
and knowledge is free. He dreams of lost its way.
d

a country where there is unity, people (b) Dreary desert sand of dead habit,
An

are honest, and everyone works hard refers to the superstitious habits
to achieve perfection. He wants to see of people at that time. These were
India in this heaven of freedom. obstacles which hindered rational
nd

6. The tone of the poem is optimistic. thinking.

B. 1. (a) In the first line of the poem the (c) Synonym of the word forward –
ahead.
ha

poet prays that his countrymen

should be free from any fear and C. 1. At the time, pre-Independent India
they should be able to hold their was in a state of turmoil as the Indians
C

heads high in dignity. were striving to gain independence

(b) By knowledge is free, the poet from the British. Further, many social
S.

means that education and evils like sati, child marriage, etc.,
knowledge should be for everyone were also prevalent in the country. In
barring caste and creed. the light of this, the poet wished that
©

his countrymen would gain freedom

(c) The poet is addressing God not just from the British but also
Almighty in the poem. from narrow-minded thinking and
superstitions.

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 IRIS TRK 8

2. According to Tagore, knowledge 3. Metaphor - It is comparing the face of

should be imparted to one and all. He detective when listening to a wooden
wanted to see a country where people face.
had confidence and were fearless. He 4. Metaphor - It is comparing kisses to a
thought that every man should be able flower of love.

d
to express his thoughts freely without

ite
fear. 5. Metaphor - His words has been
compared to cotton candy.
3. In the last three lines the poet speaks

m
directly to God Almighty. He seeks 6. Metaphor - The disposal of justice has
that all his countrymen will be led by been compared to wheels.

Li
Him so that they can broaden their 7. Metaphor - He has been compared to a
horizon of thoughts as well as actions. rolling stone.
If this happens, India will be a heaven

ny
8. Metaphor - The seeds have been
where all citizens will be free in the
compared to wisdom.
true sense.

pa
9. Simile - Hope has been compared to
Appreciation the shine of a pebble.

A. 1. The overall theme of the poem is

freedom—freedom of acquiring
om 10. Simile - It is comparing someone's
coolness to a cucumber using 'as'.
knowledge, freedom of thoughts and
C
expressions, freedom to persevere and
excel in anything one does. 1. The Time Machine
d

2. Yes, Tagore is optimistic about the Comprehension

An

future of India as he has left it totally

on God. He believed that God A. 1. The Time Traveller’s friends did not
Almighty will help the ignorant to find believe that he invented the Time
Machine because he always spoke with
nd

the right path and achieve freedom

fearlessly. a straight face. It was difficult to know
whether he was serious or playing a
3. In this poem, Tagore is praying for a
ha

prank. He was quite clever and it was

country that is free from all bondage.
impossible to separate facts from lies.
4. Apart from his vision of the future,
C

2. The Time Traveller was late for his

Tagore has subtly criticized the British
own party because he had travelled in
rule in India.
his Time Machine.
S.

B. 1. Metaphor - Here the world has been

3. The Time Traveller saw a hailstorm
compared to the stage where everyone
before dawn on the hilltop.
is playing his/her roles.
©

4. Yes, the Time Traveller made a friend.

2. Simile - Here love is compared to a red
Her name was Weena. Some little
rose—fresh and genuine.
creatures were swimming in a pond
and one (Weena) was drowning. The
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 IRIS TRK 8

Time Traveller rescued her. This is so lack of machines struck him

how they became friends. the most.
5. The Time Traveller travelled a long (b) He is referring to the future
distance and came to a beach. Here he people.
was attacked by giant crabs. He then

d
(c) The future people were totally
travelled thirty million years in the

ite
content and led a simple and
future. After this, the Time Traveller comfortable life. Therefore, they
returned exhausted to his own time. did not need any machines.

m
B. 1. (a) The speaker of the above line is C. 1. The future people had conquered
the Time Traveller.

Li
disease and nature and had no threats
(b) The speaker is talking about the to their life. Consequently, they lived
future people. a life of comfort and had grown soft,

ny
(c) The Time Traveller understood weak, and lazy. They were too lazy to
that though they got excited about keep their surroundings clean. So their

pa
new things, they had no sense buildings were chipped and broken and
of curiosity. They were also very their gardens were unkempt. Growing
food crops would require a lot of
lazy to try or learn new things.
Therefore, he spent most of his
om efforts and materials and the future
people were too weak and lazy to do
time alone and could not learn
so. Also all animals like cattle, which
C
as much about the people as he
would have liked to. could help plough fields, had become
extinct. So they did not have farm
d

2. (a) The Time Traveller felt that he animals to help them. As a result, they
had witnessed the end of human
An

only lived on fruits because fruits grew

civilization because the future naturally on trees and did not need the
people were very weak and frail. same effort as required for planting
He saw no signs of battle or crops.
nd

disease.
2. The pale creatures the Time Traveller
(b) The future people had triumphed encountered were not wicked. They
ha

over disease and nature. However, were simple but afraid of anything
this had made them grow soft and new. They liked to stay within their
weak, hence they were too weak
C

comfort zone and had no curiosity

to climb. to learn about anything new. For
(c) Mankind had triumphed over instance, when they met the Time
S.

everything, that is, disease and Traveller, within a few days they lost
nature, and so they were leading interest in him and did not try to find
a comfortable life without any out more about him. The buildings
©

problems. they had built was the last evidence

of their artistic aspirations. It seemed
3. (a) The Time Traveller himself had
the future people had conquered
an inclination towards machines
disease and nature and did not have
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 IRIS TRK 8

anything more to achieve. They had no B.
ambitions to find out more about the
world or curiosity to know about the
Time Traveller. They did not have any
machines, which the Time Traveller
1. They felt- main clause; that the
criminal must be put to death-
subordinate clause
2. The newspaper will tell us tomorrow-
main clause; what the world does

d
found odd. They did not venture out today-subordinate clause

ite
after dark and could not climb hills.
They did not maintain their buildings 3. I need to call Priya for help-main
and property. It looked like they had clause; because I don’t know how to

m
given up on life and just ate, drank, and do my maths- subordinate clause
played in the sun.

Li
4. I am saving my money-main clause; as
I want to buy a new laptop-subordinate
Word web clause

ny
1. He always talks with such a straight face. 5. When I arrived-subordinate clause; Jia
was surprised to see me-main clause

pa
2. I will have a working lunch with my friends.
3. The teacher asked the children not to make Study skills

4.
a noise.
Romit looks tired. He should take a break.
om 1. pvt – private
2. FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions
5. The fog was so thick that we had zero
C
visibility. 3. UFO – Unidentified Flying Objects
6. It was a long trip but we reached home safe 4. mph – miles per hour
d

and sound. 5. dept – department

An

Grammar 6. co. – company

7. IST – Indian Standard Time
A. 1. The teacher was a young man of
nd

friendly disposition. 8. FIFA – Federation of International

Football Association
Adjective phrase
ha

2. Rajan replied in a very pleasant Write

manner.
C

It would be very exciting and interesting to have

Adverb phrase
a time machine. I would love to visit the past
3. He ran with great speed. as history has always interested me. I would go
S.

Adverb phrase at least hundred years back and visit the Tagore
family of Kolkata, India.
4. I hope to win the first prize.
During the pre-Independence era, the Tagore
©

Noun phrase family was the most renowned family. The

5. The boy denied stealing the money. Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore was born
Noun phrase
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 IRIS TRK 8

in this family, which had a huge influence on the

economy and culture of Bengal at the time.
2. The Old Man and the Sea
I am fascinated by how they made huge Comprehension
contributions to music, dance, poetry, etc.
A. 1. Santiago was regarded as a ‘salao’ or
Rabindranath Tagore and his brothers were all

d
the worst form of unluckiness because
brilliant scholars, poets, musicians, and social

ite
he had failed to catch a fish for eighty-
reformers. It would have been great if through
four days.
the time machine I could be present when they

m
created such great works of art and observe and 2. As an apprentice, Manolin used to haul
learn how they went about it. Santiago’s fishing gear, prepare food

Li
and talk about baseball.
The Tagore family was quite modern in their
outlook. The women of this family were also 3. The next day, Santiago was going

ny
very talented and liberated. I would be absolutely out in the Gulf Stream, to the north
elated if I could experience and observe their of Cuba in the Straits of Florida for
daily life and learn more about ‘modernism’ as fishing.

pa
we call it today, which was a gift to us from this 4. On the eighty-fifth day, when it was
family. noon Santiago realized that a big fish

Listen and speak

om had taken his bait. He was convinced
that it was a marlin.
5. The sharks followed Santiago’s boat as
C
A. 7. I was travelling from Shantiniketan to
Kolkata. it left a trail of blood. Though Santiago
was able to kill a big mako shark
d

3. I bent down to pick up the bottle of

which was the first to come, he lost his
water.
An

harpoon and a greater part of the long

10. I was deafened by a loud sound. length rope while doing so.
2. The driver had accelerated in his B. 1. (a) Manolin was Santiago’s
nd

nervousness. apprentice.
5. The car hit the truck in front. (b) Manolin had been forbidden by
ha

6. I had been unconscious for the past his parents to sail with Santiago
seven days. because he was unlucky.
C

8. There was a peculiar smell around me. (c) No, Manolin does not obey his
parents.
4. I tried turning my head but felt a
S.

terrible pain. 2. (a) Santiago felt devastated because

the sharks had almost devoured
1. I realised I was on the hospital bed. the merlin’s entire carcass, leaving
9. I had met with an accident. only its tail, skeleton and head.
©

B. Students do on their own. (b) Santiago strapped his knife to the

end of an oar which helped him to
ward off the sharks.

90
 IRIS TRK 8

(c) The merlin was a prized fish and
Santiago would have earned a
good deal of money by selling it.
But the sharks had devoured the
merlin and so Santiago said that
5. if Perry calls – adverb clause
6. who is standing by the window – adjective
clause
7. which belongs to his neighbour – adjective

d
they had killed his dreams. clause

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C. 1. Yes. Santiago had failed to catch a fish 8. where he went on his vacation – adverb
for eighty-four days. So, they thought clause

m
it would be wise for Manolin to go for 9. for what they did in the hall – adverb clause
fishing with a fisherman who was more
10. in which no one lived – adjective clause

Li
successful.
2.
Yes. Santiago had struggled for two Study skills

ny
days and two nights to catch the merlin
which was devoured by the sharks. So, Students do on their own.
he was really unlucky as a fisherman.

pa
Word web Write

A. om Students do on their own.

Noun Adjective Verb Listen and speak

C
beauty beautiful beautify
A. 1. Khepri
commitment committed commit
2. Kheper
d

amazement amazing amaze

3. scarab beetles, to ward off evil
An

satisfaction satisfied satisfy

4. rebirth
irritation irritable irritate
5. pharaoh Tutankhamun
anger angry anger
nd

6. the famous temple, Luxor.

emotion emotional emote
B. Students write their own answers.
ha

B. 2. supernatural 3. reserved
4. misbehaves 5. re-examine
C

6. displeasure, rewrite IF
Comprehension
S.

Grammar
A. 1. In the poem ‘If’, the poet tells us the
1. because no one was home – adverb clause
ideal way to act in crisis. By 'keep your
2. that his mother makes – adjective clause head', he means that one should keep
©

3. whoever wins the race – adjective clause one’s nerve cool while others around
one lose theirs. One should not be
4. after he finished his dinner- adverb clause swayed by others.

91
 IRIS TRK 8
2. According to the poet it is always good
to dream. However, one should be
careful not to let those dreams cloud
one's reasons.
3. Triumph and disaster are described as
imposters.
4. A dishonest person is known to twist
the truth.
5. According to the narrator, if we fail,
we should not be worried. We should
not look behind but, instead, start all
over again. We should be able to pick
ourselves up and rebuild once again.
C. 1.
6. In this poem, a father is addressing his
son.
B. 1. (a) It is good to dream. However,
sometimes we get carried away by
unrealistic dreams. We go to any
om
extent to make that dream come
C
true. In the process we sometimes
act illogically. So, in this way
d
dreams can become our masters.
An
(b) When the poet says that one
should think before doing
anything but thoughts should
not be the aim, he means that we
nd
should put these thoughts into
action successfully.
ha
(c) In this poem triumph and
disaster are symbolic of success
C
and misfortune. The poet says
one should act sane in both the
situations and never become
S.
overwhelmed.
2. (a) Heart, nerve, and sinew symbolize
the physical, spiritual, and
©
emotional state of man.
(b) When a man is suffering from any
physical, spiritual, or emotional
92
crisis, willpower will encourage
him to move on.
(c) The lines tell us that one
must never give up and keep
persevering.
d
ite
3. (a) In the above line, crowd represents
large groups of people.
m
(b) The crowd tends to influence
people and this way sways or
Li
corrupts them.
(c) Common touch is being down-to-
ny
earth and humble.
The poet approves of having dreams,
pa
but not becoming a slave to one’s
dreams. Sometimes people can be
carried away by dreams. The poet
disapproves of day-dreaming; that is,
to dream about something not possible
in a logical way.
2. This poem teaches the readers about
patience and losing; it tells us that
when there is a crisis, we must be
patient and take things coolly. If we
lose anything, we should not harp
about it. We must start all over again.
We should move on and keep on
trying.
3. The advice in the poem is quite
relevant even today. All of us go
through situations when we lose our
patience and blame others or become
dejected due to failure. The poem
guides us how we should behave in
adverse situations. Further, we will
always have dreams. However, the
poem tells us that dreams should not
control our lives. Thinking rationally is
the most important thing.
 IRIS TRK 8

Appreciation space for advertisements. A

blogger should have areas that
A. 1. The persona or speaker is Romeo. only paid members can access.
2. The audience or the listener is Juliet. Bloggers can sometimes sell
3. The mood in the above lines suggests special products and receive

d
sadness. money for that.

ite
B. The poet repeats the words ‘If you can’ (c) Julie Powell has made a career
at the beginning of several lines in the through blogging.

m
poem. The poet uses this repetition device 2. (a) Social media are websites and
to exhort the listener to follow the advice applications that help us to create

Li
given in the poem in the given situations. and share context or participate
Only when the listener, implements in social networking. Some social

ny
the advice will he achieve the benefits media sites are Facebook, Twitter,
mentioned in the poem. Pinterest and Tumblr.

pa
(b) Big companies need to have
online presence to get feedback
3. Web Diaries from the public.
Comprehension
om (c) In blogging there are no strict
guidelines to follow. However, the
A. 1. The term blog, is derived from the
C
companies can either cover the
original term Web Log. big events in a year or the blogs
can give a more detailed look at
d

2. People first started blogging in the

1990s. the employees.
An

3. Blog posts are presented 3. (a) Some popular blogging platforms

chronologically. are WordPress, Tumblr, and
Blogger.
nd

4. Blogs can be maintained by one person

or a team. (b) Full form of URL is Uniform
Resource Locator.
ha

5. Niche is the topic a blog covers.

(c) The benefits of using a paid blog
6. Listicles are articles that are presented host are that they allow the user
as a list.
C

a lot more freedom, and the

B. 1. (a) To make his or her blog blog host’s name will not be part
successful, a blogger must choose of one’s URL. There is more
S.

a subject that interests him/ freedom as paid hosts do not have

her and he/she should have fixed templates.
knowledge about it. C. 1. People love to share and discuss
©

(b) There are many ways to earn matters with like-minded people. For
money from blogging. Some these persons, blogs are the perfect
common methods include selling place to do so.

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 IRIS TRK 8

2. Blogs are popular these days as they
give an opportunity to share your
ideas with others, and also increase the
horizon of knowledge.
3. It is safe to maintain a personal blog.
4. that honesty is the best policy – subject of a
verb
5. that I would get the first prize –
complement of a verb

d
6. why he is late – object of a verb
However, it is also very important to

ite
keep some things in mind. It is always 7. what he wants – object of a verb
advisable to avoid giving your home 8. what I am going to say – object of a

m
or school address, or even your full preposition
name. Personal details should not
9. that she should forget me so quickly –

Li
be given. The best way to make sure
subject of a verb
that unwanted people cannot access
your blog is by keeping your blog 10. that you should behave like this – subject of

ny
private. For safety reasons, all these are a verb
important.

pa
Study skills
Word web
The silent letters have been underlined.
A. 1. True (e) honest
om A. 1. knit
2. Fate (a) destiny 2. castle
C
3. Thin (f) slim 3. night
4. Large (c) big 4. knight
d

5. Wealth (b) fortune 5. resign

An

6. Friend (d) ally 6. autumn

B. 1. (b) dishonesty 7. psychology
nd

2. (c) misbehave 8. sword

3. (b) intolerant 9. wrack
ha

4. (a) misrepresent 10. chemist

5. (a) impossible 11. lamb
C

6. (c) unaggressive 12. honesty

S.

13. answer
Grammar
14. two
1. what he was doing there – object of a verb
15. wrist
©

2. that he would come – object of a verb

B. Students do on their own.
3. I could help her – object of a verb

94
 IRIS TRK 8

Write
4. Scrooge and the Ghost
Making a film
Comprehension
Recently, an NGO organized an inter-school
filmmaking competition where students would A. 1. The name of Ebenezer Scrooge’s old

d
shoot and act in the film. I was part of the group business partner was Marley.

ite
of ten students chosen to participate from my 2. Fred came to visit Scrooge on
school. We sat down together and fleshed out Christmas Eve.
a story about a small boy who has failed in his

m
maths exam and is depressed. One day he meets 3. The first supernatural visitor was the
a girl when he goes to the park. She tells him ghost of Marley.

Li
of fun ways to understand various concepts in 4. The Ghost of Christmas Past took
Maths using the plants, trees, butterflies, and Scrooge to his old school first.

ny
birds in the park. So, the boy is able to pass his
5. Fezziwig was a merchant under whom
exam. We were supposed to act in the film as
Scrooge worked as an apprentice.

pa
well. Borrowing my friend’s dad’s handycam,
we shot the film in Borivali National Park. We B. 1. (a) The speaker of the above line is
downloaded copyright free music to provide Fred.
background sounds in the film and our teacher
helped us find a person who would edit the film
om (b) Ebenezer Scrooge called
Christmas a humbug.
and add sound at a concessional rate. Though
C
(c) According to Fred, Christmas
our film didn’t win any prize, it got a special
brought love and happiness.
mention by the judges. But working on this
He also said that Christmas was
d

film was a lot of fun and I will never forget the

meant to be spent with family and
experience.
An

loved ones.
Listen and speak 2. (a) The speaker of the above line
is Marley. He is speaking to
nd

A. The correct order of the statements is: Ebenezer.

1. Blogger, the first free blog hosting (b) Marley was wearing similar clothes
ha

service, sparked the blogging trend. as Scrooge. There was a heavy

4. The first personal blog was started by iron chain wrapped around his
body.
C

college student Justin Hall.

5. Jorn Barger coined the term web log. (c) The speaker is talking about the
S.

unkind ways in which they went

3. Tim Berners-Lee created a post about
about in business.
the growth in online browsing.
C. 1. Spirit showed Scrooge a past meeting
2. Blog was named Word of the Year.
©

with his sister, Fan, because he wanted

B. Students do on their own. to remind him how Scrooge and Fan
enjoyed their time during Christmas.

95
 IRIS TRK 8

Spirit wanted to bring back the nice 5. Manner

and happy memories to Scrooge. 6. Comparison
2. Scrooge was not a very good employer. 7. Result
With age and some tough times,
Scrooge had become very angry and 8. Purpose

d
senile. A bitterness had set in him 9. Time

ite
and he could not appreciate any good
10. Purpose
thing.

m
B. 1. where
3. In his youth, Scrooge was a happy
person. He was happy with his sister 2. when

Li
and his work. However, he lost his 3. where
sister and also his business partner.

ny
These losses made him a very different 4. why
person. His attitude towards life 5. when
changed and he became very mean. He

pa
6. Why
kept to himself and forgot how to be
happy and content.

Word web
om Study skills
1. comFORTING
2. traFFIC
C
A. 1. basic: English
2. novel: Latin 3. loVING
d

3. accident: Latin 4. FaSHION

An

4. ancient: Latin/old French 5. noTICE

5. athlete: Greek 6. cloSE
nd

6. picture: Latin
Write
7. doctor: Latin
Students write their own answers.
ha

8. graphic: Greek
B. Guru, mongoose, mahatma, bungalow, Listen and speak
C

jungle, bangle, rupee

A. 1. True
S.

Grammar 2. False
A. 1. Place 3. True
2. Comparison 4. True
©

3. Manner 5. True
4. Time B. Students do on their own.

96
 IRIS TRK 8

(c) The peddlers are selling chessmen

In the Bazaars of Hyderabad dice made of ivory.
Comprehension 3. (a) The flower-girls are working with
red and blue flowers. They are
A. 1. The poem is set in the bazaars of
weaving sheets of white flowers

d
Hyderabad.
which are placed on graves. They

ite
2. The mirrors have panels of amber, and are also making garlands for the
the handles of the daggers are made of bridegroom.

m
jade.
(b) The two events mentioned here
3. The vendors are selling saffron, lentil, are marriage and death.

Li
and rice. The peddlers are selling dice
(c) Fragrance of white flowers
of chessmen which are made of ivory.
perfumes the graves.

ny
4. The poet has described the anklets on
C. 1. In this poem one gets to see all kinds
the feet of blue pigeons as bells.
of things being sold and hear the

pa
5. The fruits that are sold are citron, that merchants replying to all the questions
is, lemon, pomegranate, and plum. of the poet. The merchants are selling
6. The goldsmiths are making jewellery
like wristlets, anklets, and rings.
om silver- and crimson-coloured turbans,
purple brocade tunics mirrors framed
in amber, and daggers with handles
7. The rhyme scheme is: abcbcb abcbdb
C
made of jade. The vendors are
abcbdb abcbcb abcbdb. selling saffron, lentils, and rice. The
8. The phrase O Ye has been repeated in maidens are grinding spices, henna,
d

the poem. and sandalwood. The peddlers are

An

B. 1. (a) The different objects that are sold selling dice of chessboard made from
in the market are red and silver- ivory. There are goldsmiths making
coloured turbans, purple-coloured ornaments. In the bazaar we get to see
nd

brocade tunics, and mirrors fruit sellers, flower-girls. We also get

framed in amber. to hear the musicians playing the sitar,
sarangi, and drums. The bazaar scene
ha

(b) The play of colours in the first creates a colourful picture in the minds
stanza are crimson, silver, and of the readers.
purple. Panels of amber and
C

handles of jade signify yellow and 2. What do you make,

green, respectively. O ye goldsmiths?
S.

(c) Mirrors are decorated with amber. Wristlet and anklet and ring,
2. (a) The speaker is addressing the Bells for the feet of blue pigeons
©

women folk and the peddlers. Frail as a dragon-fly’s wing,

(b) The spices mentioned here are The above are my favourite lines because
sandalwood and henna. personally I have a fascination for the

97
 IRIS TRK 8

jewelleries mentioned and like to wear

them. Here blue pigeon is a peacock.
5. A Pound of Flesh
Imagining a peacock dancing with bells on Comprehension
his feet also fascinates me. I think it will be
a treat to watch a peacock dancing, wearing A. 1. Antonio was a businessman who

d
bells on its feet and spreading its wings. borrowed money from Shylock, a

ite
moneylender. Shylock was a miserly
Appreciation and cunning person. Antonio did not
trust Shylock, and Shylock was jealous

m
A. Central idea/emotion – The central idea of of him. They both hated each other.
the poem can be described as nostalgic. It

Li
2. The bargain that was struck between
can be termed an elegiac poem, mourning
Antonio and Shylock was that if
the passing of another growing season into
Antonio could not pay back his loan

ny
winter. The mood of the poem is sad and
which he took without interest, then
examples of imagery used are: headless
on the designated day, Antonio would
aftermath, whir of sober birds, withered

pa
have to give a pound of his flesh in
weeds, garden ground hatch with the heavy
return.
dew, lingered brown.

Imagery
om 3. The Duke of Venice played the role
of a mediator. He tried to convince
Shylock to forgo his claim. His views
1. Headless aftermath – This imagery creates
C
on the matter were that ultimately
a connotation of warfare, as if the farmer is Shylock would show mercy on
a soldier and has risen from a battle having Antonio. He also said that all the
d

defeated the fields. people were thinking that Shylock

An

2. Whir of sober birds – By this imagery the will lessen his monetary debt with
poet shows that the birds are also serious compassion.
about leaving for another season. 4. Portia’s solution was very intelligent.
nd

B. The stressed syllables have been underlined. She said that Shylock had asked for a
pound of Antonio's flesh. So, Shylock,
1. crimson
ha

while cutting the flesh would not spill

2. brocade even a single drop of blood. If a drop
3. sandalwood was spilled, Shylock’s property would
C

be confiscated.
4. wristlet
5. Shylock was adamant on taking the
S.

5. girdles pound of flesh. He was not willing to

6. scabbards take even thrice the amount he had
lent. However, Portia’s presence of
7. pomegranate
©

mind brought an end to Shylock’s

8. Citron unjust claim. So he met with his
doom. He had to give away half of his
property to Antonio as a punishment.
98
 IRIS TRK 8
6. The moral of the play does not confine
itself to a single message. It shows
what friendship is all about. From this
play, we learn that it is always best to
show mercy because it is an attribute
of God himself and therefore greater
than power.
B. 1. (a) The speaker of the line is Shylock.
(b) Antonio had borrowed money
from him.
(c) He wanted to take a pound of
Antonio's flesh instead of money
because he hated Christians and
there was great animosity between
them. He wanted to take revenge
as previously, Jews were shown no
mercy.
2. (a) According to the above lines, a
om
person shows mercy not just for
C
the sake of it. However, mercy
comes naturally to one, and
it comes like rain as a double
d
blessing. These lines are spoken
An
by Portia who had come to the
court in the guise of a lawyer.
(b) Mercy is a characteristic of strong Students do on their own.
nd
and brave people. Mercy is greater
than the king. Mercy is a quality of
Grammar
ha
God himself.
(c) According to the speaker, Shylock A. 1. through which we travelled- modifies
should show mercy if he wants it.
C
The speaker also said that Shylock
must show mercy because he was
S.
being unreasonable. Shylock’s
reason for not showing mercy
was that he had paid a lot for the
©
pound of flesh, and he wanted
justice.
3. (a) The speaker of the above line is
Bassanio.
(b) He is requesting the Duke to use
his authority and do justice.
d
(c) The cruel devil is Shylock.
ite
C. 1. During the court scene, Shylock made
some good arguments. Firstly, he said
m
that he had sworn by the Holy Sabbath
to take the penalty, and if refused, the
Li
law might be at stake. He said that
there was no reason for dislikes and
likes. Shylock was confident that he
ny
had done no wrong. He had given a
loan, which Antonio could not repay in
pa
time, so he found no wrong in asking
for the penalty.
2. According to Portia, Shylock got more
than he bargained for. She was not
punishing him, but she only stated that
demanding a pound of flesh for the
money was an unreasonable demand.
Shylock sought justice without mercy
and he got back precisely that.
Word web
the noun forest
2. through which we travelled- modifies
the noun sister
3. that Tennyson occupied- modifies the
noun house
4. that we have been hearing since our
childhood- modifies the noun story
5. who is certain to bring credit to his
family-modifies the noun son
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 IRIS TRK 8

6. that glitters-modifies the determiner all the author and her husband as a pet when
7. that is down- modifies the pronoun he they lived in Kenya. The name of the cub was
Elsa. Written in 1960, the book describes the
8. (that) I proposed- modifies the noun adventures of the author with the cub. It also
plan tells us about the warm relationship they shared.

d
B. 2. We met some people who were very Elsa was orphaned when the author’s husband

ite
nice. George Adamson was forced to kill a lioness in
3. There’s the lady whose dog was killed. self-defence. So, the couple brought home all

m
the three cubs of the lioness to bring them up.
4. The teacher punished some boys who
However, the two elder cubs were sent to the
had arrived late.

Li
Rotterdam Zoo. Elsa, the youngest, remained
5. Here’s some news that/which will with them. The author beautifully describes how
interest you. Elsa became a part of their family and how man

ny
6. I’ve read the book that/which the and animal can live together. Later, the couple
teacher recommended. took the heart-breaking decision of returning

pa
Elsa to the wild. The book goes on to explain
7. Did you post the letters that/which how they trained Elsa to live and hunt in the
were on my desk?
8. Anju is wearing a sari that/which she
om wild.
After reading Born Free, I have become more
bought yesterday. aware about the needs of animals and that they
C
too have feelings and need love and affection.
Study skills
From this story we learn how to take care of
d

1. to start conversation animals and preserve wild life. The story is

An

extremely inspirational.
2. to get sick
The author, Joy Adamson (1910–1980), was a
3. a very kind or honourable person
naturalist, artist and author. She was a pioneer
4. in my mind
nd

in the field of animal conservation along with

5. To be a laughing stock is to be considered a her husband George Adamson. She established
joke by many people one of the world’s first wild animal welfare
ha

organizations. After Born Free, Adamson also

6. Overwhelm or harm someone with
wrote the books Living Free and Forever Free.
mistaken or excessive benevolence
C

7. an inability to see shortcomings in a lover Listen and speak

S.

8. When you say, "it's Greek to me" you A. 1. Green-eyed monster –

are admitting that you do not know or
understand something. (a) jealousy
The green-eyed monster prevents
©

Write us from feeling happy at other

people’s success.
Probable answer: The book Born Free by Joy
Adamson is the story of a lion cub raised by
100
 IRIS TRK 8

2. Lie low – 4. Tsunami is caused by the sudden

(b) keep out of sight movement of ocean because of
earthquakes, landslides on sea floor,
The thief plans to lie low after big volcanic eruptions, land slumping
almost being caught by the police. within the ocean or impact of

d
3. In a pickle – meteorite in ocean.

ite
(a) in trouble 5. The Richer Scale was invented by
Charles Richter and his partner Beno
I’m in a pickle, I have to attend a

m
Gutenberg in 1935.
wedding and a birthday party on
the same day and I can’t say no to 6. Around 900,000 earthquakes below 2.5

Li
any. on Richter scale take place each year.
4. In stitches – B. 1. (a) The earthquake caused many

ny
landslides which blocked the
(b) laughing hard
roads which led to small villages.

pa
Her jokes left me in stitches.
(b) The Sherpa community was
5. Send him packing – the worst affected by the
(a) send him away
They plan to send their nephew
om earthquake because they make a
living by carrying the luggage of
mountaineers. The earthquake,
packing to a boarding school.
C
followed by the landslides had
B. Students do on their own. damaged villages, and blocked
roads across the Langtang region.
d

(c) Mt Everest shifted 3 cm to

An

6. When the Earth Shook the southwest after the first

earthquake.
Comprehension
2. (a) The slip between tectonic plates
nd

A. 1. Two major earthquakes hit Nepal on causes an earthquake through the

25th April and 12th April 2015. release of pressure which builds
ha

2. The earthquake caused an estimated up over a long period of time.

death toll of almost 9000 and was the (b) Seismic waves are the waves
C

deadliest earthquake to have taken of energy which are caused by

place in Nepal since the Nepal-Bihar sudden breaking of rocks within
earthquake of 1934. the earth or by an explosion.
S.

3. Patan Darbar Square, a temple (c) Nepal lies on Indian and Eurasian
complex which was built in the 3rd tectonic plates.
century and the Boudhanath Stupa
©

3. (a) The formal name of Richter Scale

which is the holiest Tibetan shrine
is ML (Magnitude Local) Scale.
outside Tibet were destroyed by the
earthquake.

101
 IRIS TRK 8

(b) A seismoscope is required 6. Simple

to measure an earthquake’s 7. Compound
magnitude.
8. Simple
(c) According to most scientists,
earthquakes which occur every 9. Complex

d
year register 2.5 or lower on the 10. Compound

ite
Richter scale.
C. 1. Following the earthquake, there is Study skills

m
likely to be a slowdown in Nepal’s
1. hungry as a horse – simile
tourism industry in the future. Certain

Li
types of activities such as trekking 2. bang – onomatopoeia
in the affected areas will take some 3. did, draw, diagrams, Delhi – alliteration

ny
time to attract visitors. But tourism in
the country will revive in the years to 4. nose out of my affairs – synecdoche
come.

pa
5. blood red – metaphor
2. You can donate to relief organizations 6. took me a hundred years – hyperbole
which are working in the areas of
Nepal which have been worst hit
by the earthquake. You can offer
om 7.
8.
sun gazed upon the land – personification
is a fish out of water – metaphor
essentials for survivors in the form of
C
water, food and medicine. Write
Students write their own answers.
d

Word web
An

1. cat Listen and speak

2. poodle A. 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c)
nd

3. seal B. Students do on their own.

4. mares
ha

5. manatee
The Mouse and the Snake
6. serpent
C

Comprehension
Grammar
A. 1. The two mice wanted to go to a room
S.

1. Compound which was filled with grain. They were

warned not to go there as other mice
2. Complex
had gone there but had never returned.
©

3. Simple They were eaten by the snake.

4. Complex 2. The snake was golden, shiny and
5. Complex vicious and was long. It looked vicious

102
 IRIS TRK 8
and was dripping venom from each
fang.
3. The two mice were eating grains and
laughing without paying any attention
to their own safety. The second mouse Appreciation
slid and sprang each time the snake
tried to catch him. In the end the snake
became tired and moved towards his
hole.
4. This quality revealed that the mouse
was indeed brave and loved his friend
truly.
5. The main theme of the poem is loyalty,
courage and perseverance.
B. 1. (a) The two mice were the two
friends.
(b) They broke into a room which
was filled with grain.
om
(c) Their blood froze when they saw
C
a long, vicious snake approaching
them.
d
2. (a) She was shocked because the
An
snake had killed her friend in
front of her eyes.
(b) The snake wanted to kill her.
nd
(c) She glared at him because she was
angry as the snake had killed her
ha
friend.
C. 1. Yes, I have acted against the advice of
C
my friend in the past and befriended
someone who he said wasn’t helpful.
S.
Later, when I was absent from school
and asked him for notes, he refused. I
regretted my decision at that point.
©
2. Yes, the mouse did the right thing
by attacking the snake. In case my
friend or someone else was injured,
I would apply first aid to his wounds
and inform the person’s guardians as
quickly as possible.
d
Students write their own answers.
ite
m
7. The Great Sport
Li
Comprehension
A. 1. Football is called soccer in North
ny
America.
2. There are eleven players in each team.
pa
3. A game of football usually lasts for a
period of 90 minutes. The game has
two halves of 45 minutes each.
4. In case the score of a game is tied, then
it goes into overtime in order to decide
the result. Injury time is usually of 3
minutes and is part of the two halves.
5. The striker’s main role is to try and
score goals.
B. 1. (a) The ancient game was called
harpaston.
(b) Players scored points either by
throwing or kicking the ball or
by throwing it across a goal line.
They could also score points by
running across the line while
holding a ball.
(c) Football was banned in England
by Henry IV. He did so because
football was gaining more
popularity as compared to
traditionally popular sports such
as fencing and archery.
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 IRIS TRK 8

2. (a) The goalkeeper stands at the
farthest back position.
(b) The goalkeeper needs to distribute
the ball and also decide where he
has to throw or kick the ball. The
The agitators are sure to raise a ruckus.
2. yonder—that is over there—Let us rest
under yonder tree.
3. rile—to annoy somebody or make them

d
angry—Nothing seemed to rile him.
goalkeeper also needs to decide

ite
where he is going to distribute the 4. ornery—bad-tempered and difficult to deal
ball. with—That mule is ornery.

m
(c) Gianluigi Buffon and Manuel 5. fetch—to charm—Her beauty fetched the
Neuer are two famous coldest hearts.

Li
goalkeepers.
Grammar
3. (a) Midfielders act as a link between

ny
the attack and defence of a 1. Although Payal loved ice cream, she did not
team. They have a dual role-to like ice cream sundaes.

stop the ball from reaching their
opponents and to make sure that
the ball reaches the attackers.
(b) A strategic attacking midfielder is
also called a playmaker.
C
(c) A midfielder can play either at a
defensive position or as a strategic
d
pa
2. Although Zoya reached the station late, she
managed to catch the train.
om
3. Tara did not finish her homework. She still
went to the party.
4. Arya was exhausted but she couldn’t sleep a
wink.
5. Even though Mohit didn’t have his watch,

attacking midfielder in which he

has to distribute the ball to the he knew he was late.
An

strikers. 6. Though Katie was an engineering student,

C. 1. No, it was unwise for kings to try and she loved to read classical literature.
ban football since it was a popular 7. Rohan was not very tall but he was the
nd

game among the common people. school’s best basketball player.

Such a decision can make a king
8. When younger, Meher had many dogs.
ha

unpopular among his subjects.

2. Rules can to a great extent reduce Study skills
C

the chances of injuries in any type of

sport. Therefore the players will have Students do on their own.
considerably longer careers than what
S.

they do at present. The game will also Write

be less violent as a result. Students do on their own.
©

Word web Listen and speak

1. ruckus—a situation in which there is a lot A. 1. There are eleven players in a cricket
of noisy activity, confusion and activity— team.
104
 IRIS TRK 8

2. All the laws, rules and regulation are impossible by winning a bronze
maintained by International Cricket medal after competing in the
Council (ICC). world championship in Rio de
3. The first international match was Janeiro.
organized in the 19th century. (b) Van Zandt called her incredible

d
as she inspired one and all. She

ite
4. A Test match lasts for up to five days.
convinced Brenna’s parents that
5. Duckworth-Lewis method. girls like her can also swim and

m
B. Students write their own answers. achieve different feats.
(c) Van Zandt called her a role model

Li
because she set an example for the
8. Kayla Wheeler world to see.

ny
2. (a) Kayla Wheeler said this line.
Comprehension
(b) She meant that if one is

pa
A. 1. Kayla Wheeler is an American determined to do something, a
swimmer. virtual boundary cannot restrict
2. Kayla was eight months old when he
learnt to swim.
om one from doing so.
(c) Kayla eliminated the boundaries
3. Kayla’s coaches are Lib Rust, Amy in life by sheer courage,
C
Rust, and Kiko Zandt. determination, and conviction.
4. Kayla qualified for the 2012 Paralympic 3. (a) Yes, Kayla Wheeler is a great
d

Games but couldn’t participate inspiration to all. She has taught

An

because there weren’t enough female everyone that no obstacle is large

competitors in the S1 category to enough to stop anyone from
which she belonged. achieving one’s goals in life. She
taught one and all to keep going
nd

5. The extracurricular activities Kayla

participated in were band class, and strive till the end.
robotics, and rocketry teams and in a (b) Another word for zest is
ha

programme called Running Start. Kayla enthusiasm. The children opened

also played basketball, took lessons in their gifts with great enthusiasm.
C

ballet, and was also in a bowling team. (c) Kayla inherited her willpower and
6. Kayla’s goal in life is never to give up determination from her parents.
S.

until one achieves what one wants to
do. According to Kayla, ‘There are no
boundaries if somebody wants to keep
going.’
©
C. 1. Kayla finds a sense of freedom in
swimming because her movements in
water are freer. Out of water, there are

limitations to what she can do. She is

B. 1. (a) Yes, Kayla is definitely special. able to do flips and cartwheels in the
She achieved more than any able pool and of course there is a feeling of
person could. She achieved the complete weightlessness.
105
 IRIS TRK 8

2. The most inspirational part of Kayla’s Word web

story is that even though she had
severe physical disabilities, nothing A. 1. A way of asking what someone is
stopped her from achieving what she thinking
wanted. Her dedication, perseverance, 2. It is up to you to make the next

d
and determination led her to learn decision or step

ite
swimming and go on to compete at the 3. To work late into the night
national and then international level
and win medals and break records. 4. Judging the value or worth of

m
She inspired her friend Breanna to something by its outward appearnce
swim and compete with her. She also

Li
5. When you complain about a loss from
wants other people with disabilities the past
like her to play sports and attract as

ny
B. 1. a fine line
much attention and respect as able-
bodied athletes. She wants to educate 2. a pain in the neck

pa
the public about Paralympic sports and 3. gone to the pot
has become the spokesperson for the
same. Thus, her achievements and can- 4. hell broke loose
do attitude are an inspiration to all. om 5. a bad egg
3. Right from Kayla’s infancy, her Grammar
parents took steps to enable her to
C
live a good life despite her disabilities. A. 1. Were
They enrolled her for hydrotherapy 2. Saw
d

and when they saw her love for water,

3. Rose
An

they made her join swimming classes.

When they couldn’t find a swimming 4. Was shining
instructor who could teach her taking 5. Would not tell
in account her disabilities, her mother
nd

6. Had taken off

did not give up her search. Finally, they
found Lib and Amy Rust who through 7. Go
ha

trial and error and different techniques 8. Could not sleep

taught Kayla swimming. Kayla’s
parents never thought that there’s 9. Is listening
C

anything that Kayla can’t do, she just 10. Had already rained
needs new ways to do them! They have
S.

always encouraged her and helped her

to reach the zenith.
©

106
 IRIS TRK 8

B.
Tense Affirmative/ Negative Interrogative
Positive
Simple Present Rohit likes apples. Rohit does not like Does Rohit like

d
apples. apples?

ite
Present Continuous Kiran is working on Kiran is not working Is Kiran working on
her science project on her science project her science project

m
tonight. tonight. tonight?
Present Perfect I have read this book. I have not read this Have I read this

Li
book. book?

ny
Simple Past Rahil ate his Rahil did not eat his Did Rahil eat his
vegetables. vegetables. vegetables?

pa
Past Continuous Prachi was working Prachi was not Was Prachi working
all day. working all day. all day?
Past Perfect Amit had reached om Amit had not reached Had Amit reached
home before noon. home before noon. home before noon?
Simple Future Imran will come to Imran will not come Will Imran come to
C
school tomorrow. to school tomorrow. school tomorrow?
Future Continuous I will be taking a I will not be taking a Will I be taking a
d

vacation next month. vacation next month. vacation next month?

An

I will be going to I will not be going Will I be going to

Shimla on my way to Shimla on my way Shimla on my way
back home. back home. back home?
nd

Present Perfect Sheila has been Sheila has not been Has Sheila been
Continuous studying for two studying for two studying for two
ha

hours. hours. hours?

Past Perfect Anant had been Anant had not been Had Anant been
C

Continuous reading when his reading when his reading when his
mother told him to mother told him to mother told him to
go to sleep. go to sleep. go to sleep?
S.

Future Perfect My new puppy will My new puppy will Will my new puppy
have grown up the not have grown up have grown up the
next time you come. the next time you next time you come?
©

come.

107
 IRIS TRK 8

Study skills 2. According to the poet the creature

dwells in the forest.
1. Swiftness
3. According to the poet, the creature has
2. A small valley come from the skies above.
3. Before

d
4. The words used to describe the animal

ite
4. Catch sight of in the poem are 'burning bright,
5. Explode violently immortal hand, or eye'.

m
6. Dusk 5. The other animal mentioned in the
poem is the lamb.
7. Listen

Li
6. Question sentences are used the most
8. Anger in William Blake’s ‘The Tyger’.

ny
9. An island 7. The first and last stanzas are almost the
10. The sound of a bell same, except the last lines. The last line

pa
in the first stanza starts with 'Could',
Students make their own sentences.
while the last line in the last stanza
starts with 'Dare'.
Write
Students do on their own.
om B. 1. (a) The poet is talking about the
creator’s hand or eye who made
the tiger.
C
Listen and speak (b) The immortal hand or eye
symbolizes sight and creation.
d

A. 1. Cerebral palsy
(c) In the poem, symmetry is termed
An

2. His umbilical cord had coiled twice

around his neck fearful because the tiger is scary
and dangerous and can kill and
3. To become the first person with wound easily.
nd

cerebral palsy to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro

2. (a) The profession that comes to
4. His non-profit organization called OM mind after reading the above lines
ha

Foundation raises funds for children is that of a blacksmith.

with disabilities.
(b) The blacksmith represents the
C

B. Students do on their own. creator of the tiger.

(c) I saw an anvil with which the
S.

blacksmith was shaping a metal.

The Tyger 3. (a) In the third and fourth lines the
Comprehension poet questions – what force could
©

contain the tiger’s sublime form.

A. 1. In the poem ‘The Tyger’, the poet is In the last two lines the poet
addressing the tiger. questions the creator’s nerve or
daring.

108
 IRIS TRK 8
(b) The poet has used the words
'burning bright' for the tiger to
show its power and inner strength.
(c) After the creator had finished his
creation, he threw a challenge.
C. 1. The titular tiger does not represent a
mere tiger. The poet is talking about
the physical beauty of the tiger, its
‘fearful symmetry’, its eyes and brain,
etc., and also the physical violence it is
capable of. Thus, even though the tiger
is beautiful, it can also cause death.
The poet tries to show how the tiger
embodies both these contrasting ideas
and also questions how it was created
in order to glean the thinking behind
such an incongruent creation. The poet
also tries to demonstrate that only a
powerful creator could think of making
om
such a ferocious creature that is also a
C
thing of beauty and leaves everyone in
awe.
d
2. The creator of the tiger in the poem
An
is God who is all powerful and
omnipotent. God has made an awe-
inspiring, dangerous creature, the
tiger, which can kill and maim easily.
nd
This brings to light the moral issues
involved in creating such an animal,
ha
that is, whether it is right to bring to
life an animal that can wreak havoc
and destruction. Further, it also shows
C
that God willingly created an animal
that can be considered bad or evil as it
S.
kills other animals. In other words, it is
God’s will that evil should exist along
with good, as without evil, people will
©
not learn to appreciate the good in
others.
3. The poet considers it daring to create
the tiger because the same creator also
made the meek, innocent lamb and
then he was daring enough to create
the ferocious tiger that can easily kill
and devour the lamb.
d
Appreciation
ite
A. 1. A quatrain is a stanza that has four
lines. It is made up of rhyming
m
couplets. The poem has six such
quatrains.
Li
2. The rhyme scheme follows the pattern:
aa, bb, cc. A couplet is a pair of
ny
successive lines, typically rhyming and
of the same length.
pa
3. The theme of the poem is the identity
of the creator. He creates both good
and evil. The theme is about religion,
awe, and amazement.
4. By asking the creator of the tiger (in
this case, God) how he managed to
make such a powerful being, and
further, asking God how he could dare
such a task, Blake is questioning the
assumption that God is all-powerful or
omnipotent.
5. The limitation is, it is questionable
whether a poet could truly capture the
truth about the God (the Divine) in a
poem.
6. The poet has used an ironic tone
in the poem. It seems as though he
is meaning something and saying
something else. He has used an ironic
tone to keep up with the theme of
religion and god, and eternal mystery.
B. 1. (a) alliteration/repetition
(b) personification
109
 IRIS TRK 8

(c) hyperbole his other creations. Through the tiger’s

(d) imagery creation, God willingly decided to
introduce into the world an animal
2. The lamb symbolises god, the creator that destroyed other meek innocent
of the tiger. animals. Therefore, the creation of the

d
3. Religion is brought about through the tiger was daring.

ite
reference of the creator. Throughout
the poem, the poet is questioning the
9. The Speckled Band

m
creator on how he managed to create
such a powerful being.

Li
Comprehension
4. Yes, the central theme of the poem is
the creation of something powerful, A. 1. Mr Sherlock Holmes woke up Dr

ny
and the struggle to contain the Watson. He woke up Dr Watson
creation’s power. The poet questions because a young lady was waiting for
the creator how he went about creating them in the sitting room in an agitated

pa
such a ferocious creature and then state.
questions him how he had the courage
2. The lady in the sitting room was
to create the tiger. By describing the om
process of the tiger’s creation, the poet
dressed in black and a heavy veil
covered her face. The lady was
implies that the creator had carefully
shivering and looked agitated. She
C
thought about how he wanted the tiger
looked about thirty years old and had
to be and that the creator knew that
grey hair. Her expression said that she
the tiger would be capable of great
d

was tired.
violence. Thus, it was the creator’s
An

will to create such a ferocious animal 3. Dr Roylott belonged to a rich family

and the creator took responsibility for but all their wealth was lost. To earn a
creating such a creature, which could living, he became a doctor.
nd

kill easily. 4. Dr Roylott lived in Calcutta. One day

5. Examples of allusion from the poem he killed the butler in anger. He was
imprisoned for a long time and then he
ha

are: immortal hand or eye/distant

deeps or skies. had to return to England with his two
children.
6. What the hammer? what the chain?
C

5. According to Helen’s mother, her

In what furnace was thy brain?
money was with Dr Roylott. She had
S.

What the anvil? what dread grasp, fixed a generous amount for Julia and
Dare its deadly terrors clasp! Helen after their marriage.

Here the poet compares the creator 6. Sherlock Homes inspected the wall
©

to a blacksmith and questions with outside Miss Stoner’s room, the

which hammer and chain or tools did windows of her sister’s room, and
he create an animal that could destroy Julia’s old room. He also brought to
the notice of everyone the bell-rope.
110
 IRIS TRK 8
He also inspected the ventilator.
Finally, he examined Dr Roylott’s
room.
B. 1. (a) Helen and Julia moved to London
with the doctor. It was after their
mother had died.
(b) After they had moved to Stoke
Morran, Dr Roylott obviously left
his practice and became angry and
bitter.
(c) Dr Roylott kept himself confined
in one room. However, others
were not happy with him because
he fought with everyone for trivial
reasons. Some fights ended up in
court. The gypsies were allowed to
stay on a few acres of the estate.
He had Cheetah and Baboon as
pets and these were allowed to
om
wander freely. Julia and Helen
C
were very unhappy with this as
they had to keep the house clean.
d
2. (a) Miss Stoner is referring to the
An
night when her sister Julia died. It
happened two years ago.
(b) The manor was quite old. There C. 1.
nd
were three bedrooms occupied by
Julia, Helen and Dr Roylott. There
ha
were no doors that connected the
bedrooms internally. The doors
opened out to the corridor and
C
windows overlooked the lawn.
(c) That night when Julia left Helen’s
S.
room, she could not sleep. There
was a terrible storm. Late in the
night, Miss Stoner heard Julia
©
scream. As she opened her door,
she heard a low whistle, and then
a clanging sound. She ran to Julia’s
room. The door was open. Helen
saw Julia standing near the door,
extremely frightened. Helen ran to
her as she was in great pain. Julia
uttered, It was a speckled band,
and fainted. Dr Roylott and Helen
d
could not revive Julia.
ite
3. (a) The above lines signify that the
person who practises violence is
m
the one who falls prey to it. It is a
common saying, a person digging
Li
a grave for somebody, falls in it
instead.
ny
(b) The violent schemer is Dr
Roylott. He had made plans to
kill Helen as he had killed Julia.
pa
However, his plans backfired and
his pet ended up killing him.
(c) He was scheming all the time to
get rid of his two step-daughters
because he was left with less
money and had to give them a
fixed amount after their marriage.
This was previously settled by
their mother. He did not want to
part with the money.
Judging by the story, Sherlock
Holmes became a detective because
he genuinely wanted to solve other’s
problems rationally using scientific
measures. He saw every detail
minutely. He made quick deductions
which were apparently guesses.
However, he was always logical.
His eagerness to know more and
to go deep into a matter urged him
to become a detective. Little things
attracted his eye. For example, the
ventilator, the strange loop in the whip,
the bell rope, the saucer of milk on
the safe and so on. Every little detail
was examined with considerate detail.
111
 IRIS TRK 8

For example, when Sherlock Holmes
examined the wall outside Helen’s
room, he understood that actually no
repairing work was needed. It was
obvious, that Dr Roylott wanted to
drove it back through the ventilator.
Consequently, it got agitated and
attacked Dr Roylott in the next room.
Indirectly, Holmes was responsible
for Dr Roylott’s death. For a moment,

d
shift Helen from her room. Holmes felt bad that Dr Roylott died

ite
2. According to Holmes, there were due to a snake bite. However, later he
three things that were most suspicious. was not at all repentant because Dr
Roylott was not a very good human

m
They were the ventilator, the bell rope
and the bed. After inspecting all these being, and had already killed Julia and
was planning to kill Helen too. In the

Li
things, he came to the conclusion that
a snake was involved in all this. When end, his death resulted in the good of
Sherlock Holmes was in the room everyone.

ny
where Helen was to be, he heard the
hissing sound and hit it with the whip Word web

pa
and sent it through the ventilator. 1. to be hooked on – addicted or enthusiastic
The snake went to the room where of something
Dr Roylott was and bit him. The two
tiny bite marks on Dr Roylott’s hand
om 2. to be in – to be at home
proved that a snake was there and 3. epic fail – embarrassing mistake
more so as Dr Roylott was a doctor,
C
4. feeling blue – feeling unwell
he knew all about snake venom. Dr
Roylott used to stand on the chair to 5. wheels – automobile
d

open the ventilator and put the snake 6. snap your cap – don’t get angry
An

through it. The snake used to find its

way through the bell rope. The metallic
Grammar
sound was that of the safe being shut.
Another thing that helped Sherlock A. 1. Samson broke the jar.
nd

Holmes was that it was a poisonous 2. Mary enjoys reading.

snake because of Dr Roylott’s
ha

obsession with creatures from India. 3. The fire destroyed the town.
3. Sherlock Holmes says this about the 4. John will clean the room every
Saturday.
C

doctor. Dr Roylott, the stepfather of

the Stoner siblings, planned to kill 5. Sara ate cheese.
S.

the sisters for money and property. B. 1. The window was broken by James.
He was successful in killing Julia.
While solving Julia’s murder mystery, 2. The answer is known by me.
Sherlock Holmes had to take a drastic 3. The invitation was not accepted by her.
©

step. Holmes understood that a snake

was used to kill. Therefore, to save
Miss Stoner, he attacked the snake and
112
4. Their house has been sold by them.
5. The science of ship-building was
known by ancient Indians.
 IRIS TRK 8

Study skills 3. Louis Pasteur inspected wine samples

from different parts of France and
1. crescent concluded that the wines had got
2. fuss contaminated and lost their taste. He
3. descent suggested that wine should be heated

d
to 55o Celsius to kill bacteria and the

ite
4. occur taste would not change. This process
5. lass is called pasteurization. This way he
saved the wine industry in France.

m
6. scenery
4. Louis Pasteur’s contribution to the
7. vaccine

Li
development of vaccines is immense.
8. boss Pasteur injected an old culture of
bacteria into his chickens. The birds

ny
Write fell sick but did not succumb to the
disease. They developed resistance

pa
Students do on their own. to fresh cholera injections. Pasteur
realized that weakened strains of
Listen and speak
A. 1. The author spotted Cavor while
om a disease made animals immune.
Henceforth, Pasteur was able to create
looking through the open window. vaccines for cholera.
C
2. The sun was setting. 5. Louis Pasteur’s accomplishments
are saving the wine and silk industry,
3. Cover had a strange body type. He was
d

creating effective vaccines for cholera,

short and round, with extremely thin treatment of rabies, and his fight
An

legs. against diphtheria.

B. Students do on their own. 6. He advised the military medical
corps to sterilize their instruments
nd

and bandages by heating them to kill

10. Louis Pasteur microbes..
ha

B. 1. (a) The taste of the French wines

Comprehension
would change. There were
C

A. 1. Louis Pasteur was passionate about complaints of the wine becoming

drawing and painting in his childhood. sour, bitter, or flavourless.
His drawings showed his keen eye for
S.

(b) Louis Pasteur was alarmed

precision. because every winery in France
2. According to Louis Pasteur, food was had suffered great alteration.
spoilt because of contamination with
©

(c) Pasteur gave the solution that

microbes in the air and these microbes wine should be heated to 55o
were the root cause of disease. Celsius to kill bacteria without

113
 IRIS TRK 8
affecting the taste. This process is
called Pasteurisation.
2. (a) This was the moment when
Pasteur had a breakthrough in his
career through the treatment of
rabies.
(b) The word rabid means an animal
suffering from rabies.
Stay away from that rabid dog.
(c) A young boy, Joseph Meister,
was bitten by a rabid animal.
Louis Pasteur had already tried
out his treatment of rabies on
dogs. He tried his vaccine for the
first time on a human being, the
boy. Joseph Meister survived.
The experiment proved to be the
first human trial of a man-made
om
vaccine.
C
3. (a) Diptheria is a disease caused by
bacteria and is a major cause of
d
childhood death.
An
(b) A vaccine was invented to cure
and prevent diphtheria. This
was the major breakthrough
mentioned here.
nd
(c) The persons responsible for
this breakthrough were Louis
ha
Pasteur’s assistants Emile Roux
and Alexander Yersin.
C
C. 1. In the prime of his career, Pasteur
suffered a stroke at the age of 45
S.
that partially paralysed his left side.
His colleagues helped in setting up
a mobile laboratory, so that Pasteur
could work despite being bedridden.
©
Word web
In those days, child mortality was very
2.
high. Pasteur lost two of his young
114
daughters to typhoid and another
died from a tumour. However, these
incidents could not stop Pasteur
from his work. These tragedies made
Pasteur’s resolve to fight diseases
d
stronger.
ite
Along with his team, Pasteur diligently
went on with his study of germs and
m
inventions of vaccines. Thus, despite
facing tragedies and suffering from ill
Li
health, Pasteur continued to work on
finding cures for infectious diseases.
The personal losses motivated him to
ny
work and help others who suffered
from these diseases.
pa
2. This line shows Louis Pasteur’s
dedication and sincerity towards work.
He had a ‘never give up’ attitude and
believed in hard work and putting
his best foot forward in whatever
endeavour he pursued. Thus, he
continued to help people right from
saving the French wine industry, to
saving the lives of French soldiers and
finding the cures of various diseases.
Even when he was partially paralysed
and bedridden, he continued to work.
This shows his dedication to his work.
Later he collected funds to start a
centre exclusively dedicated to research
into infectious diseases in order to
expand the scale of his work. The
work conducted by this institute saved
the lives of many people. Thus, till his
death he continued to work towards
saving lives.
Ever since you left, nobody has rung the
doorbell.
 IRIS TRK 8

3. Little did I know that Hemlata would be Study skills

there before me.
Students do on their own.
4. As soon we had reached Agra, it started to
rain. Write

d
5. At no time can you disturb the class.
Money-making is a major attraction in life.

ite
6. Rarely have I reached school this late. However, it cannot be the major aim of people
who are cultured, noble and well-educated. A

m
Grammar soldier adds more value to victory and honour
over his salary. A good clergyman is more
A. 1. Maya told Sita that she was going to

Li
concerned with the moral welfare of people and
the zoo that day.
not to his payment for preaching. A good doctor
2. Raj told Ravi that it had rained very is more concerned with the health of his patient

ny
heavily last night. than his fees. So, to well-educated people, work
3. Kaniska answered that she liked comes first, followed by money.

pa
custard with fruit.
Listen and speak
4. Rajat said that they had been watching
a movie last night. om A. 1. she was thirsty
5. Amir added that Ketki had brought a 2. that the milk was spoilt
book to read that day.
C
3. a sachet
6. Rhea announced that they were going
4. the sachet got from the supermarket
d

to the market the next day.

was still good.
An

7. Alisha informed that she had

B. Students do their answer on their own.
volunteered to collect funds for the
charity last year.
nd

8. Sohini complained that it had been The Inchcape Rock

raining all day.
Comprehension
ha

B. 1. Prerna asked whether she should help

Sonu. A. 1. The poet describes the sea as very calm
2. Shara asked whether I enjoyed the and quiet at the start of the poem.
C

movie. 2. Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed

the bell on Inchcape Rock to prevent
S.

3. Priya enquired how many candles she

should buy for the cake. ships from getting shipwrecked during
storms.
4. Joran enquired whether she liked roses.
3. The rock is called perilous meaning
©

5. Roxanne asked her teacher whether

dangerous, because the rock caused
she had to submit her essay that day.
shipwrecks and claimed many lives.
6. Tushna asked me whether I liked dogs.

115
 IRIS TRK 8
4. Ralph the Rover was a pirate whose
aim was to rob off the belongings of
people who perished in the wreck.
5. Ralph cut off the bell from the
Inchcape Rock.
6. One of the crew members said that the
breakers or waves could not be heard,
so they must be nearing the shore. He
added that if the Inchcape Bell could
be heard then they would have known
their location.
B. 1. (a) The literary device used in the first
line is repetition and antithesis.
(b) The line her sails from heaven
received no motion means that
there was no wind blowing that
could move the sails.
(c) The ship’s keel was steady because
om
there was no movement in the
C
sea.
2. (a) When there was high tide and
d
huge waves the rock could not be
An
seen by the sailors.
(b) When the sailors heard the
bell, they were cautious of the
nd
Inchcape rock and thus avoided
accidents.
ha
(c) They blessed Abbot of
Aberbrothok for tying the bell.
C
3. (a) Ralph the Rover sailed away into
the seas.
S.
(b) Ralph was a pirate who looted and
plundered ships and thus he grew
rich.
©
(c) Ralph is returning home to
Scotland to spend his acquired
wealth.
116
C. 1. Ralph the Rover was a wicked and
jealous person. He could not accept
the popularity of the good Abbot.
He removed the bell on the Inchcape
Rock because he wanted to spoil the
d
Abbot’s reputation. He also wanted
ite
to get rid of the bell so that the ships
lose control in bad weather and then
he could rob the belongings of the
m
people in the ship. The poem mentions
that Ralph became very rich by looting
Li
wealth and treasures from the wrecked
ships.
ny
2. The poem is based on the Inchcape
Rock legend. It is a reef situated in
pa
the North Sea; close to the coastal
region of Angus in Scotland. This
rock is known for causing shipwrecks.
The legend says that the Abbot of
Arbroath placed a bell on Inchcape to
warn sailors of the perilous reef and
a Dutch pirate removed the bell. The
pirate died at the same reef a year after
removing the bell. The Inchcape Rock
is also called the Bell Rock, due to the
bell placed by the Abbot.
Appreciation
The eye rhymes are: sea – be; motion – ocean;
shock- rock; Aberbrothok – rock; swing – ring;
swell – bell; green – seen; deck – speck; spring –
sing; excess – wickedness; float – boat; row – go;
sound – aroun.
11. Nyaminyami the Zamberi River God
Comprehension
A. 1. Nyaminyami was the Zambezi River
God.
 IRIS TRK 8

2. Minor earth tremors are felt when
Nyaminyami tries to meet his
estranged wife.
3. The Tonga people honoured and
respected Nyaminyami and pledged
the Zambezi River God Nyaminyami,
who was their ancestral spirit or
Mudzimu, protected them from harm
and also provided them with flesh
from his own body during the times

d
their allegiance to him through when there was no food.

ite
ceremonial dances. 2. Tremors were caused by stress in the
4. Nyaminyami’s wife had gone down the underground rocks.

m
Kariba Gorge to meet other people of
the Valley to answer their prayers and Word web

Li
to bless them. 1. Jungle Book
5. Great bodies of water are always

ny
2. A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens
considered sacred, for water is essential
for the life of the village in an often 3. William Shakespeare

pa
arid land. Wherever there is water, the 4. Pride and Prejudice
Africans find prosperity.
5. Treasure Island
B. 1. (a) Nyaminyami was downstream.
(b) The wall that is being referred to
om 6. Phileas Fogg

is the dam which was being built Grammar

C
on the river.
1. Principal clause – He spoke so fast; Adverb
(c) Nyaminyami didn’t cause any
d

clause – that I could not understand him.

disturbance for five years when
An

the wall was being built. 2. subject – My son, predicate – killed a

poisonous snake.
2. (a) Zambezi is the major source of
water in Zimbabwe. 3. subject – Rome, predicate – was not built in
nd

a day.
(b) The great water bodies are
considered sacred because 4. Principal clause – Pay attention to, noun
ha

wherever there is water, there is clause – what I say.

prosperity. 5. Adverb clause – Unless you leave this place
immediately, principal clause clause – I shall
C

(c) Nyaminyami has been referred to

as a metaphor in the lesson. Water send for the police.
bodies are regarded as sacred 6. clause – He is slow, clause – he is steady,
S.

since they are a major source of connective – but

life for people in African villages
which are often situated in arid 7. subject – I, predicate – saw him writing a
story.
©

areas.
C. 1. Yes, the African people are 8. clause – She wanted to buy a story book,
superstitious because they believed that clause – she had no money, connective –
but
117
 IRIS TRK 8

9. subject – Time and tide, predicate – wait for

no man
10. Principal clause – Peter is happy, adverb
clause – whenever his father plays with him.
12. The Bishop's Candlesticks
Comprehension
A. 1. The Bishop lived in a village in France

d
11. Principal clause – Mohan has a sweet tooth, with his sister, Persome.

ite
adverb clause – so he is always looking for
2. Persome was summoned downstairs to
sweets.
unlock the cupboard and provide food

m
12. Principal clause – Reema ran out of her to the Bishop’s visitor. She was not
house, adverb clause – when she heard the very willing to do so in the middle of

Li
ice cream vendor’s bell. the night.
13. subject – I, predicate – am going to learn 3. The Bishop was fond of his

ny
horse riding this year. candlesticks because they were a gift
14. Principal clause – Prashant is not fond of from his mother on her death bed and
he had promised his mother never to

pa
reading, adverb clause – though he loves to
watch cartoons. part with them.
15. Principal clause – I enjoyed my vacation in 4. The sergeant of Gendarmes caught
Shimla, adverblause – even though walking
om the Convict the first time he left the
Bishop’s house. They caught him
in the hills was a little tiring.
because they found it suspicious that
C
16. subject I, predicate – was happy to be back he was going about so late in the night
home. and when they tried to arrest him, he
d

resisted.
Study skills
An

5. The Convict finally went to Paris with

Students do on their own. the Bishop’s help to start a new life.
6. The Bishop saved the Convict from
nd

Write being arrested for the second time

Students write answer on their own. because he had been wrongly arrested
and suffered previously. The Bishop
ha

reformed the Convict not through

Listen and speak
punishment but through sympathy and
C

A. 1. Northwest Africa kindness.

2. the white Nile and the blue Nile B. 1. (a) The speaker here is the Convict.
S.

Hell refers to the prison.

3. fertile land
(b) He was imprisoned on charges of
4. wheat, flax and papyrus
stealing food for his dying wife.
©

B. Students write answer on their own.

(c) He describes his time in hell as
being very bad. He says he was
chained up like a wild animal, fed

118
 IRIS TRK 8
filth, and beaten up. There they
took away his name and his soul.
2. (a) The above lines have been said
by the Bishop. He is talking about
the Convict.
(b) The temptation was the thought
of stealing the candlesticks.
(c) The speaker feels that he deserved
the grief because he had been too
proud of his possessions.
3. (a) The speaker is the Convict. The
Bishop treated him like a man.
(b) The speaker had forgotten what
it was to be treated as a man
because he had been ill-treated
like a wild animal in prison for
ten years. To treat someone
like a man is to show him/her
om
compassion and care.
C
(c) Yes, the Convict leaves a changed
man because the Bishop, with
d
his sympathy, had managed to
An
soften the Convict’s hardened
heart. When the Convict left the
Bishop’s house he left with the
desire to begin his life afresh in
nd
Paris.
C. 1. The Convict laughed when he found
ha
out he was in a bishop’s home because
after living for ten years in prison, he
C
had forgotten how it felt to be a man
and further he had lost faith in the
goodness of mankind and the blessing
S.
of god. He may have also laughed
because he must have thought that the
Bishop, being a man of righteousness,
©
would report him to the police and
send him back to prison.
2. The Convict was glad that he was
caught because if the sergeant had
not caught him he would have gone
away easily with the candlesticks and
his life of theft and robbery would
d
still continue. However because the
ite
Convict was caught, he got the chance
to transform himself and start his life
afresh.
m
3. This body is the Temple of the Living
Li
God means that every individual has
been created by God and God resides
within every individual. By saying
ny
this, the Bishop meant that before
doing any wrong we must always ask
pa
ourselves about how righteous or
ethical our act is.
Word web
Students do on their own.
Grammar
1. Niraj was so hungry that he decided to eat
dinner early.
2. Kunal didn’t win the race although he was
the fastest runner.
3. Anirudh is a good student and a gifted
athlete too.
4. I don’t want to read this book because I
have already read it.
5. Rahul and Anant made fun of everyone.
6. I am sure that he is wrong.
7. Either come in or go out.
8. He fled somewhere where his pursuers
could not follow him.
119
 IRIS TRK 8

Write
Students do on their own.

Listen and speak

d
A. 1. Shaggy headed person

ite
2. All the tangle of the banyan tree’s roots
3. Filling their jars

m
4. Sleep struggling to wake up

Li
5. Wind, the shadow of the tree and a
bird

ny
B. Students do on their own.

pa
om
C
d
An
nd
ha
C
S.
©

120