STATISTIKA EKONOMI DAN BISNIS

TUGAS KELOMPOK KE -4

Nama Kelompok

1. Mardhiyyah Inaayatun Aadilah/ 1606834352

2. Mentari Alifia Salsabila/1606830770
3. Zelvia Angrayani/1606877654
4. Abdul Muhyil Hikam Ladiku/1606896092
5. Dian Laksana Fitrah / 1506750005
6. Rezzaq Maulana/ 1606877641

53.

X =200 in 2001 and 608 in 2007

n = 100 sd 2001 = 48 sd 2007 = 132 miau 2001 =210 miau 2007 = 600

A. Compute in 2001

(200-210)/(47/√100) = -10/4,8 = -0,208

B. Compute in 2007

(600-608)/(132/√100) = -8/13,2 = -0,60

59

A. With items excededd 15%, 10%are known. Compute with n=50 and n=100

n=50

P(1  P)
CI  P  Z / 2
n
= 0,15-0,10/(√0,10(1-0,10))/50

= 0,119

n=100
 P(1  P)
CI  P  Z / 2
n
= 0,15-0,10/(√0,10(1-0,10))/100

= 0,166

11.

n = 25, normal distribution, sd = 8,2

A. Is it satisfied with normally distribution?

-Yes, because the observation is under 25 and the standart deviation is know

B. Compute the margin of error with 80% confidence

s
CI  X  Z / 2
n
Maka with 80% we can conclude that 1,28 x 8,2/√25

=  2,0992

C. Margin of error 90% confidence

Maka 1,645x8,2/5 = +-2,6978

C. Which ia the wider? with 90% confidence interval is wider

15

Confidence Interval for Population

Sample (n) = 28

X = 5,25 , Sd = 0,50

Normal distribution

A. Structure confidence Interval if 90%

Rumus

s
CI  X  Z / 2
n

5,25  1,645 X (0,50/√28) =

5,22 batas bawah dan 5,27 batas atas

B. Structure confidence Interval if 99%

s
CI  X  Z / 2
n

5,25 +- 2,57 X (0,50:28) =

batas bawah 5,29 batas atas 5,207

17.

n = 26

X = 218 , sd = 72

A. The asummption is they have a sd and x and n so its make it normally distribution

B. Construct a 90% confidence Interval

s
CI  X  Z / 2
n

= 218  1,645 x 72/√26

We can conclude the lower is 194,74 and the upper is 241,269

21

N= 24

X = 104,6 , S= 28,8

Population Normaly Distribution

A. Construct 90% confidence Interval

𝑆
𝑥̅ ± 𝑡𝛼⁄2.𝑑𝑓 × , Df = 23
√𝑛

104,6  1,319 x 28,8/√24 =

Baatas bawah 96,8 batas atas 112,34

C. Construct 99% confidence Interval

𝑆
𝑥̅ ± 𝑡𝛼⁄2.𝑑𝑓 × , Df = 23
√𝑛
104,6 +- 2,492 x 28,8/√24 =

Batas bawah 90 batas atas 119,22

C. What the impact of Confidence Interval Level on the width of the interval

-More hight of confidence Interval Level, the width of Interval More wider

Hal 255

27.

N=36 CI = 95% (1.96)

X = 158.000  = 36.000


CI  X  Z / 2 X
n

= 158.000  1,96 x 36.000/√36

= 158.000  11.760

CI = 158.000-11760 = 146.240 (lower bound)

158.000+11760= 169.760 (upper bound)

CI= ( 146.240;169.760)

31. Sample mean and standard deviation

 Xi  71  73  75  76  78  81  454  75,67
n 6 6

S
 ( Xi  X )
n 1

 (71  75.67)  (73  75,67)  (75  75,67)  (76  75,67)  (78  75,67)  (81  75,67) / 5
 (0,02)
2
 0,00894
5
B. CI = 90%  =10%=0,1

s
CI  X  Z / 2
n

=75,67  1,645 x 0,00894/√36

=75,67  0,00245

CI = 75,67- 0,00245 =75,66755 (lower bound)

= 75,67+ 0,00245=75,67245 (upper bound)

CI = (75,66;75,67)

C. Higher confidence level is used for the interval estimate?

Margin Error --> CI increase, N (sample size) increase, impact to error decrease.

Margin Error will be reduce because confidence interval increase effect from bigger sample size to
reduce error.

41.

N= 560 from 1200

CI= 90%  =10% = 0,1

A. P = 560/1200 = 0,467

P(1  P)
P  P  Z / 2
n
0,467(1  0,467)
 0,467  1,645
560
 0,467  0,0346

CI = 0,467-0,0346 = 0,4324 --> 43,24% (lower bound)

= 0,4670+,0346= 0,5016 -->50,16 (upper bound)

B. the proportion of middle-income Americans that actively participate in the stock market is not
50%?

No, since the confidence interval is contain the value of 0,50 or 50%

P
 43,24 46,7 50 50,16

There is a limit of interval (43,24; 50,16) and show 50 are still in interval.

43.

n=760 --> 1 from 5

P = x/n =1/5 = 0,20, is point estimate of the population proportion of successes ( P , known as point
estimate)

P(1  P)
CI  P  Z / 2
n

= 0,20  1,645 x 0,0145

= 0,20  0,0238

CI = 0,20- 0,0238 = 0,17614 =17,16% --> lowerbound

= 0,20+0,0238 = 0,2238= 22,38% --> upperbound

47.

n= 80 , 20 not graduated --> 1 from 5 = 1/5 = 0,20

A. Proportion not graduate

P = x/n = 20/80 =0,25

B.

P(1  P)
CI  P  Z / 2
n

0,25(1  0,25)
 0,25  1,96
80
 0,25  0,0948

CI = 0,25 - 0,0948 = 0,1552 =15,52% --> lower bound

= 0,25 + 0,0948 = 0,3448 = 34,48% --> upper bound

C. Yes, since confidence interval contains the value of 1/5= 0,20

0,15 0,20 0,25 0,34

49.

Case 1:

Upper and lower bound: (20;80) CI=80%= 1,28

Margin Error = 2,6

P = up+low/2 = 20+80/2 =50

P (1  P )
E  Z / 2
n
50(49)
2,6  1,28
n
1,28 2
n( ) x 2450
2,6
N= 0,243 x 2450

N=593,63 = 590 (round to zero)

Case 2

Upper and lower bound: (20;80) CI=95%= 1,96

Margin Error = 2,6

If C increase, N will be increase ( to make sure the calculation is right)

P (1  P )
E  Z / 2
n
50(49)
2,6  1,96
n
1,49 2
n( ) x 2450
2,6
n= 0,5682 x 2450

n=1392

The higher confidence interval need a higher sample size. ( from 590 wtith 80% CI to 1392 with 95% CI)

Halaman 263

59.

A. 𝑝̅ = 0.7
n = 400
margin error = 90%
𝑝(𝑝−1) 0.7×0.3
𝑝̅ ± 𝑍𝛼⁄2 × √ 𝑛
= 0.7 ±1.645 × √ 400
Upper = 0.7377
Lower = 0.6623

2
𝑍𝛼⁄
2 1.645 2
n= ( 𝐸
) × 𝑝 × (1 − 𝑝) = ( 0.02 ) × 0.7 × 0.3 = 1420.66 ≈ 1421
Semakin banyak sample yang digunakan maka akan semakin kecil kemungkinan errornya

61.

𝑍𝛼⁄ = 2.57
2

𝑝̅ = 0.5 (𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒 that no prior estimate of the population proportion is available)

E = 0.05
2
𝑍𝛼⁄
2 2.57 2
n= ( 𝐸
) × 𝑝 × (1 − 𝑝) = (0.05) × 0.5 × 0.5 = 660.49 ≈ 661

65.
A. n = 6
549+449+705+529+639+609
𝜇= 6
= 580
∑(𝑥− 𝑥̅ ) 40607
S=√ 𝑛−1
=√ 5
= 90.11
𝑡𝛼⁄ = 2.571
2
𝑆 90.11
𝑥̅ ± 𝑡𝛼⁄2.𝑑𝑓 × = 580 ±2.571 ×
√𝑛 √6
Upper = 674.580
Lower = 485.410

B. With 95% confidence interval that the average sale price in San Luis Obispo County is between
$485,410,000 and $674,580,000.

67.
A.𝜇 = 1.22
𝜎 = 0.06
𝑍𝛼⁄2 = 1.96
n = 26
𝝈 𝟎.𝟎𝟔
𝝁 ± 𝒁𝜶⁄ . × = 1.22 ±𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 ×
𝟐 √𝒏 √𝟑𝟔
Upper = 1.2396
Lower = 1.2004

B.conclude that the packaging machine is operating properly?

Yes, because 1.20 is the value between 1.2004 and 1.2396
C. E = 0.01
𝑍𝛼⁄2 = 1.96
𝑍𝛼⁄ 2
n= ( 𝐸
2
) × 𝜎 2 = 138.298 ≈ 139

69.
A. 𝑝̅ = 0.82
n = 50
𝑍𝛼⁄2 = 2.57
𝒑(𝒑−𝟏) 𝟎.𝟖𝟐×𝟎.𝟏𝟖
̅ ± 𝒁𝜶⁄ × √
𝒑 = 0.82 ±𝟐. 𝟓𝟕 × √ = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐 ± 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟔
𝟐 𝒏 𝟓𝟎
Lower = 0.6804
Upper = 0.9596
B. E if margin of error with 99% confidence
𝑝(𝑝−1) 0.82×0.18
E = 𝑍𝛼⁄2 × √ 𝑛
= 2.57 × √ 50
= 0.1396

75.
A. large a sample is required to estimate the proportion of adults under 30
𝑝̅ = 0.85
E = 0.05
𝑍𝛼⁄ = 1.96
2
2
𝑍𝛼⁄
2 1.96 2
n= ( 𝐸
) × 𝑝 × (1 − 𝑝) = (0.05) × 0.85 × 0.15 = 195.92 ≈ 196

C. large a sample is required to estimate the proportion of adults over 50

𝑝̅ = 0.45
E=5
𝑍𝛼⁄2 = 1.96
2
𝑍𝛼⁄
2 1.96 2
n= ( 𝐸
) × 𝑝 × (1 − 𝑝) = (0.05) × 0.45 × 0.55 = 380.31 ≈ 381

Halaman 277

7.

a.) I am going to get the majority of the votes to win this election -> there is claim -> to win, so this
is Null Hypothesis,
Ho = K
Ha ≠K
b.) I suspect that your 10 – inch pizzas are, on average, less than 10 inches in size -> there is claim ->
less then, so this is Null Hypothesis,
Ho ≤ K
 Ha > K
c.) I will have to fine company since its tablets do not contain an average of 250 mg of ibuprofon as
advertised -> there is claim alternative hypothesis,
Ha ≠ K
Ho = K

9.

a.) The probability is, we reject Ho and Ho is true, so the probability of type I error is 0.05
b.) From the conclusion of the test, we do not reject Ho and from the test there is Ho false, so the
probability is 0.005
c.) the individual will reject Ho, or if we pot in notation the individual will Ho false and reject Ho
because the value from both of them more than other.
d.) A wrong one is the individuals didn’t want to say the truth, he is actually want to lie appealed
say the truth.

Halaman 287
a.) P value -> P(x̄ ≥ 13.4 | H = 12.6)
=P[13.4 – 12.6]
3.2/√25
= P(Z ≥ 1.25) -> 0.5 -0.3944 = 0.1056
b.) If a 0.1, so the p value of α = 0.1 is 0.108
Do not reject Ho since p values = 0.1056 > α = 0.1
c.) So the p value of P = P(x̄ ≥ 13.4 | H = 12.6)
= P[13.4 – 12.6]
3.2/√100
= P -> (z ≥ 2.5) -> 0.5 -0.4938 = 0.0062
d.) So, the p value of a = 0.1 is 0.1003
Reject Ho because p values < α=0.1 (0.1003)

13.

a.) There is two ways to find it -> you can search log to find value of Z or x̄, because both of them is
critical value
For a=0.01,
- the z method
 This is one tailed with a=0.01 so the test statistic -> Z = x̄ - H

Ɵ/√n
= 144 – 150
28/√80
= -1.9
- the x̄ method
x̄ = H – Za x Ɵ/√n
= 150 – 1.645 x 28/√80
= 144.852
b.) the answer is can not because since Z = -1.9 > -2.323, we cannot reject Ho or in simple word the
value of critical value z > zx
c.) yes, because since 144(x̄) < 144.852 (x̄a), this condition will reject Ho

19

a.) P value = (x̄ < 6.7 | μ = 7)

p= [z<6.7 – 7]
21/√150
= P(z < -1.973) = 0.024

So, if p value ≥ a, do not reject Ho

b.) x̄a = H – za x Ɵ/√n

= 7 - 2.323 x 2.1/√150
= 6.602
Since x̄ = 6.7 > x̄ 6.602 so do not reject Ho
Halaman 293

35

a.) Ho = H = 1.2pounds

Ha = H ≠ 1.2pounds

The highlight is being tested for its accuracy

b.) Z = x̄ - H
Ɵ/√n
= 1.22 – 1.2
0.06/√36
=2
c.) P value -> P (Z ≤ 2) + P (Z ≥ 2) = 2 x 0.0228
= 0.0456

With a = 0.05 so a/2 = 2.5%

So reject Ho since p value = 0.0028 < α = 0.25 or in the other words, machine is working
improperly

d.) x̄ = H ± Za x Ɵ/√n
= 1.2 ± α 0.1
= 1.2 + 0.2 = 1.4.....1
= 1.2 – 0.2 = 1.......2
So, (1 ≤ H ≤ 1.4)

No 42.
X = 9,6 , N=34% , Sd = 5,2%

H0 = 𝜇 ≤ 7

H1 = 𝜇 > 7
9,6% − 7%
t33 = 5,2%
= 2, 92
√34

0,001 < p-value < 0.005. reject H0

Halaman 297.

No 55

a. H0 = 𝜇 ≤ 0,82

H1 = 𝜇 > 0,82

b.

0,75 − 0,82
z= = -1,822
0,82(1−0,82)
√
100

p value = 0,1401
c. -1,822 < 0,05. P-value < 0,05. Reject H0

Halaman 298 no. 61

a. H0 = 𝜇 ≤ 0,78

H1 = 𝜇 > 0,78

b.

0,75 − 0,78
z= = -0,145
0,78(1−0,78)
√
4

p value = 0,4443
5% = 0,05 . 0,4443 > 0,05
P value > 0,05, do not reject H0

Halaman 301 no 63
 a. H0 = 𝜇 ≥ 10

H1 = 𝜇 < 10

b. df = 45-1 = 44
10,5 − 10
t= 1,8
= 1,86
√45

c. t crit = t 44, 0.05 = 1.68

so since t stat = 1,863
t crit = 1,68
t stat > t crit , we reject H0
d. t 44 ; x = 1,863
x = p value < signifikan level
we reject H0

halaman 301 no 65

a. H0 = 𝜇 ≥ 20

H1 = 𝜇 < 20

N = 32

X = 22,08 , S = 5,42 , Alfa = 0,01

df = n-1 = 32-1 = 31
22,8 − 20
t stat = t= 5,42
= 2,17
√32

t crit = t 31 ; 0,01 = 2,453

so, t stat < t crit , we do not reject H0, city should not increase the transportation budget

7
a. The sample distribution of the sample mean with sample size 16 and 36 cannot be known whether
population is normally distributed so we cannot assume sampling distribution with sample size 16
because it central limit theorem which require sample size is greater than 30, so we use central limit
theorem for sample size 36
b.yes, there is chance to use standard normal distribution to calculate that probability that sample mean
falls between 66 and 68 for both sample sizes because we can use normal approximation for sample size
with 36 and central limit theorem apply because the sample size greater than 30
c. the aim is to report probability only for sample size 36 due to the central limit theorem.
the profibability that sample mean 36 due to the central limit theorem.
the profitability that sample size is 36 are
1. Find sample mean and standard deviation
=P(z>1.45)-P(z<0.00)
=0.9265-0.5000
=0.4265
Sd=α/√𝑛
=5.5/√36
=0.917

The profitability that sample mean falls between 66 and 68 when sample size is 36 are
66 </ X</ 68
X=66
Z=X-E(X)/SD(X)
=66-66/0.917
=0.000
X=68

Z=X-E(X)/SD(X)
68-66/0.917
=2.18
p(66</X</68) = p(0.00</Z</2.18)
= p(Z</2.18)-P(Z</0.00)
= 0.9854-0.5000
= 0.4854
S0 the profitability sample mean falls between 66 and 68 with sample size 36 are 0.4854

12.
a. E(X)= 16 pounds
Standard Deviation Sd(X)=
= 7/√42
=1.08
b. Z=X-E(X)/SD(X)
=18-16/1.08 = 1.85
P(Z>1.85)= 1-(Z<1.85)
=1-0.9678 = 0.0322
0,322 is the probability that the average seafood consumption of more than 18
b).
Nina samples 90 americans and find average seafood consumption of 17,5 pounds
E(X) = 16 pounds
SD (X) = α/√n
= 7/√0,738

The probability that the average seafood consumption of more than 17,5 is
Z= X-E(X)/SD(X)
= 17.5-16/0.738
= 2.03
p(Z>2.030 = 1-(Z<2.03)
= 1-0.9788
=0.0212
C. Janice is likely to have used more representative sample because Janice findings probability is 0.0322
Is higher than 0.0212 which is nina probability

17.
a). Propotion sample size 20 and 50
search mean and SD known is 0.12
P= Expected Value
E(P) = p
= 0.12
The expected value with sample size 20 is 0.12
SDP = √p(1-p)/n
= √0.12(1-0.12)/20
= 0.0727
Sample size 50
E(P) = p
= 0.12
SD √p(1-p)/n/ = √0.12(1 − 0.12)/50
=0,0460
b) n=20 P np>5 and n(1-p)>5
np= 20*0.12
= 2.4
n(1-p) =20(1-0.12)
=17.6

n= 20 P np>5 and n(1-p)>5

np= 50*0.12 =6
n(1-p) = 50 (1-0,12)= 44
b). The approximation condition for sample size 20 is not satisfied so we cannot find probability that the
sample proportion is between 0.10 and 0.12
c). the probability that the sample proportion is between 0.10 and 0.12 for sample size 50 is : the sample
mean is 0.12 and sample standard deviation is 0.0460
0.10</P</0.12
P=0.10 for converts to
Z=P-E(P)/SD(P)
=0.10-0.12/0.0460
=-0.43
P=0.12
For converts to
Z=X-E(X)/SD(X)
=0.12-0.12/0.0460= 0.00
p(0.10</P</0.12)=p(-0.43</Z</0.00)
= p(Z</0.00)-P(Z</-0.43)
=0.5000-0.3336=0.1664

21.) a. The probability that the dealer will be finding is:

we have the two sample proportions which dealer find fewer than 26 customer report favorable and
dealership dissolved if fewer than 22 report favorable and random sample size is 40
the proportion of dealer find fewer than 26 customer report favorable is
P=26/40 =0.65
and 22 customer
P=22/40 = 0.55
search proportion between 0.55 and 0.65
E(P)= x/n =70/100 =0.7
search standar deviation
√𝑝(1−𝑝)
SD(P)= 𝑛

√0.70(1−0.70)
= 40
= 0.0725
Check the normal approximation condition
n=40 P np>5 and n(1-p)>5
np =40*0.70
= 28
n(1-p)=40(1-0.70) =12
np, n(1-p) is not appropriate to use normal distribution approximation for because normal
approximation condition which is both and are gretater than 5 statisfied

0.55</P</0.65 is
P=0.55
Z = P-E(P)/SD(P)
=0.55-0.70/0/0725 = -2.07
P=0.65
Z=X-E(X/SD(X)
=0.65-0.70/0.0725 = -0.69
p(0.55 </ P </0.65) = p(-2.07</Z</-0.69)
=p(Z</-0.69)-P(Z</-2.07)
=0.2451-0.0192
=0.2259
b. the probability that the dealesrship will be dissolved is
Z=P-E(P)/SD(P)
=0.55-0.70/0.0725=-2.07
P(Z<-2.07)=0.0192 so we get 1.92%

23.
Known sample 50 or 100
If more than 70% of draw result gree ball
we need proportion more 70% sample size 50 and 100
P=70/100 = 0.7
E(P)=X/n =60/100=0.6
√𝑝(1−𝑝)
SD(P) = 𝑛

√0.60(1−0.60)
= 50

=0.0693
we need to check normal approximation
n=50 P np> 5 and n(1-p) > 5

np= 50*0.60
= 30
n(1-p) = 50(1-0.60)
=20

Search the sample proportion more than 70% sample size 50 is:
Z=P-E(P)/SD(P)
=0.70-0.60/0.0693
=1.44
p(Z>1,44)=1-(Z<1.44)
=1-0.09251
=0.0749
the sample size 50 with the proportion more than 70% is 0.0749
P=70/100
=0.7

E(P)= x/n =60/100 = 0.6

𝑝(1−𝑝)
SD(P) = √ 𝑛

√0.60(1−0.60)
= 100
= 0.0490
check with normal approximation
n=50 P np> 5 and n(1-P) > 5

np= 100 *0.60

=60
n(1-p)= 100(1-0.60)
=40
np, n(1-p) it is not approptiate to use normal distribution

the proportion 70% when the sample size 50

Z=P-E(P)/SD(P)
=0.70-0.60/0.0490
=2.04
p(Z>2.04)=1-(Z<2.04)
=1-0.973 = 0.0207
the probability that sample proportion is more than 70% when the sample size 100 is 0.0207
we choose sample with 50 balls because with larger sample sizes the standard deviation is of sample
proportion is reduced

49.
a) the probability that 100 randomly selected accounting graduates will average more than $52000

E(X)= µ
=50402

SD (X)= α/√n
= 6000/√100
=600
The probability that 100 randomly selected accounting graduates will average more than $52000
Z=X-E(X)/SD(X)
=54000-50402/600
=600
the probability that 100 randomly selected accounting graduates will average more than $52000 in
salary is:
Z=X-E(X)/SD(X)
=52000-50402/600
=2.66
search in table Z 0.9961
p(Z>2.66)= 1-(Z<2.66)
=1-0.9961
=0.0039
the probability of 100 with salary abive $52000
b. the probability that 100 randomly selected finance graduates will average more than $52000 in salary
is :
First find samoke and satandrd deviation by using 100
E(X)=µ
= 49,703
SD (X)= α/√n
= 10000/√100
=1000
the probability more than $52000
Z=X-E(X)/SD(X)
=52000-49703/1000
=2.30
The probability p(Z>2.30)=1-(Z<2.30)
=1-0.9893
= 0.0107
the probability is more $52000 , 0.0107
c.) the probabilities that the finance graduates have lower mean starting starting salary compare to
accounting graduates and larger standard deviation for finance graduates than account graduates so
100 finance graduates have lightly higher probability which is 0.0107 than the account graduates
probability which is 0.0039