REPORT ON OXYGEN SYSTEM

OXYGEN SYSTEMS in LOCKHEED L-1011& BOEING 747-400

Anees Ahmed

70043971

Babar Kahn

70037506

Submitted to: Sir Abu Bakar

OXYGEN SYSTEMS in LOCKHEED L-1011& BOEING 747-400

Hypoxia is a condition which occurs when the human body don’t have enough
oxygen. This condition can cause the body to loss the conscious.

Flight crew oxygen system in Lockheed L-1011

The crew system will last a 5-man crew approximately for 4 hours using diluted
oxygen.

Function

An overpressure relief fitting will release all cylinder contents overboard if

cylinder pressure exceeds a certain limit. It this happens. The overboard discharge
indicator, a green plastic disc mounted at the skin line on the right hand side of
the flight station, will blowout.

If the oxygen cylinders temperature is not excessive, an overpressure of the

oxygen cylinder would normally be very rare. A slow-opening on-off valve releases
cylinder pressure to the pressure reducer. The pressure reducer decreases
cylinder pressure (1850 PSI at 70°F.) to 50-90 PSI. It also contains a relief valve
that will safely relieve momentary over pressure.
  On a panel near the cylinder is a quick disconnect fitting for maintenance
checks. Corrosion-resistant steel Tubing distributes the reduced pressure
oxygen to five panel-mounted diluter demand regulators, which further
reduce oxygen pressure to breathing-pressure level.

 These regulators indicate distribution line pressure, and contain a flow

indicator and toggle control valves for oxygen pressure and dilution control.
Aneroids within the regulators lessen oxygen dilution with increasing
altitude and provide undiluted oxygen at positive pressure above 28,000
feet flight station altitude.

Oxygen regulator

 On the front of the oxygen regulator are controls for oxygen dilution and
pressure
 The regulated oxygen pressure gauge shows pressure entering the
oxygen regulator. Oxygen will not flow from the oxygen regulator to the
masks unless the on-off selector is in the ON position shown on the
figure of the oxygen regulator panel.
  With the 100% oxygen normal oxygen selector in the 100% position,
undiluted oxygen will be supplied to the mask regardless of flight station
altitude. With this selector in the normal oxygen position, oxygen to the
mask will be diluted with flight station ambient air in proportion to flight
station air pressure. Dilution decreases with increasing altitude. At a
flight station altitude of 28,000 feet or higher, oxygen to the masks will
not be diluted at all. Normal flight station altitude (pressurized) is 8,000
feet.
 With the emergency-normal-test mask selector in the normal position
flow to the mask is on demand (inhalation).
 In the emergency position, flow to the mask is continuous, and at
positive pressure. The emergency position mechanically overrides the
normal position.
 In the test mask position, flow to the mask is continuous, and at a
pressure higher than in emergency position. The selector is spring-
Loaded out of the test mask position to the normal position.

Oxygen Regulator Back Side

On the back of the oxygen regulator are oxygen inlet and outlet ports, and an
electrical connector for the 5 VAC panel light.

On the bottom of the oxygen regulator is an ambient air inlet.

The end of the mask hose that connects to the mic/oxy panel has a warning type
connector that will not allow oxygen to flow through it if the connector is not fully
seated in the hose coupling.

PASSENGER OXYGEN SYSTEM

Emergency oxygen for passengers is supplied from chemical oxygen generators

through conventional face-cup masks. The generators, which are initiated by an
electrical pulse, burn the two chemicals and produce oxygen for 15 to 18 minutes.
Generators and associated rack mounted mask(s) are secured in modules, one
about each passenger seat group, attendant seat, and in each lavatory ceiling.

Oxygen masks, with associated supply tubes, are nested in a clear plastic rack and
secured in the module by a hinged door. The door is magnetically latched, and for
mask deployment, is electro magnetically unlatched by a solenoid. Oxygen
generators and the masks associated with them are divided into fifteen groups;
each group being identified numerically and composed of sectionally situated
modules.

System control components shown in Figure include a passenger oxygen

controller, located at the Flight engineers panel, and as equence timer, located in
the center cabin ceiling. The controller, through aneroid switching, automatically
activates the system if cabin altitude rises to 13.000 feet. A manual switch on the
controller provides for manual activation of the system if the aneroid switching
circuits fail.

The sequence timer, when signaled automatically or manually, sequentially

develops fifteen paired, timed, and synchronized output pulses, each pair
consisting of a generator initiation pulse and a mask drop pulse.

CHEMICAL OXYGEN GENERATOR

Oxygen generators are available in three sizes to supply oxygen to one, two, or
three masks.

They are approximately 7inches long and 3 inches in diameter. Hermetically

sealed cases have as half life of 10 years. Date of manufacture is indicated on the
nameplate.

The case exterior contains black and white comparison stripes. The white stripe is
heat-sensitive and will darken when the generator is used. Oxygen from all masks
constitutes about 1 percent of the cabin atmosphere, so there is no fire hazard
due to oxygen from unused masks. Oxygen flow is continuous until the generator
is expended.
BOEING 747-400 OXYGEN SYSTEMS

747 Oxygen System

The flight crew and passenger oxygen systems use oxygen cylinders to supply
oxygen if needed. Several passenger oxygen systems have used chemical oxygen
generators to supply the passengers in an emergency.

 The 747 use nine high-pressure oxygen cylinders to store the passenger
emergency oxygen.

Components attach to the oxygen system

 Each cylinder is equipped with a pressure gauge, shutoff valve and-frangible

disc as shown in Figure. The frangible disc provides over-pressure relief
through an overboard discharge port and manifold common to crew
system.
Conditions

OFF Position

 In the OFF (reset) condition, the flow control units prevent oxygen flow into
the low-pressure distribution manifold by closing the flow control units.

Safety Any small amount of oxygen leakage through the flow control units is
discharged by the automatic vent valve to prevent unscheduled mask
deployment.

On Position

 When the flow control units are actuated, the resulting pressure surge
unlatches the oxygen module doors, causing the masks to deploy. The
surge also closes the automatic vent valve.

 Within several seconds of actuation, the pressure surge decays. While

oxygen continues to flow to the masks, pressure in the manifold is
sufficient to hold the automatic vent valve closed.
Continuous Flow oxygen system

Continuous flow systems use compressed oxygen cylinders, a valve is kept closed
by an actuating pin. The valve is opened when the mask is pulled toward the
passenger's face.

• A lanyard attached to the mask hose pulls the actuating pin out of the
valve, allowing the valve to open and oxygen to flow to the mask. When
oxygen is no longer required, the flow control units are reset by the flight
crew, stopping the flow of oxygen to the distribution manifold.

• Test fittings allow connection of an external pressure source and gauge for
system testing.

Controls for oxygen system in 747

A guarded three-position switch controls operation of the passenger oxygen

system through: The flow control units.

• Switch at Norm
When the switch in NORM, the; system will activate one of the flow control units
automatically at 14,000 feet cabin altitude.

• Switch at ON and RESET

When the switch is at ON position it activates the two other flow control units.

When oxygen is no longer required, the system is turned off by placing the switch
move to the RESET position.

• Safety of the Switch

The switch is guarded to prevent unintentional system activation. Placing the

switch to ON deploys all the passenger oxygen masks throughout the main and
upper deck passenger cabins.