Sir Aldrin R.

Philippine Civil Aviation Regulation

The Philippine Civil Aviation Regulation, or (PCAR), are rules
prescribed by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
(CAAP) governing all aviation activities in the Republic of the
Philippines.

The Civil Aviation Regulations (CAR) provide the regulatory

requirements dealing with aviation safety related to aircraft
operations, airworthiness and personnel licensing; and are
presented in Parts.
Part 13 Accident Incident Reporting and Investigation
Part 18 Transportation of Dangerous Goods
 1.1.1.3 ORGANIZATION OF REGULATIONS

(a) These regulations are subdivided into five hierarchical categories:

(1) Part refers to the primary subject area.
(2) Subpart refers to any subdivision of a Part.
(3) Section refers to any subdivision of a Subpart.
(4) Subsection refers to the title of a regulation
and can be a subdivision of a Subpart or Section,
(5) Paragraph refers to the text describing the
regulations. All paragraphs are outline alphanumerically in the
following hierarchical order: (a), (1), (i); (A)
(a) No person may make or cause to be made concerning any license,
certificate, rating, qualification, or authorization, application for or duplicate
thereof, issued under these regulations:
(1) Any fraudulent or intentionally false statement;
(2) Any fraudulent or intentionally false entry in any logbook, record, or
report that these regulations require, or used to show compliance with
any requirement of these regulations,
(3) Any reproduction for fraudulent purpose; or any alteration.

(b) Any person who commits any act prohibited under paragraph (a) of this
section may have his or her airman license, rating, certificate, qualification, or
authorization revoked or suspended.
(a) Any license or certificate issued under these regulations
ceases to be effective if it is surrendered, suspended, or
revoked.
(b) The holder of any license or certificate issued under these
regulations that has been suspended or revoked shall return
that license or certificate to the Authority when requested to
do so by the Authority.
(a) Unless otherwise authorized by the Authority, a person
whose license, certificate, rating, or authorization has been
revoked may not apply for any license, certificate, rating, or
authorization for 1 year after the date of revocation.
(a) Unless otherwise authorized by the Authority, a person
whose license has been suspended may not apply for any
license, rating, or authorization during the period of
suspension.
 Section 81
(1) Any person who operates any aircraft without the
current airworthiness certificate, in violation of any rule,
regulation or order issued by the Director General relating to
aeronautical safety standards or practices or procedures shall
be punished by a fine ranging from for the

1st offense - Twenty thousand pesos (Php20,OOO.OO) to Fifty

thousand pesos (Php50,000.00)
2nd offense - suspension of the license for three (3) months
3rd offense - and revocation or cancellation of such license
Any person who operates any aircraft without a valid
or current license or ratings or in violation of rule, regulation
or order issued by the Director General relating to aeronautical
safety standards or practices or procedures shall be punished by
imprisonment for not more than three (3)years or a fine ranging
from Fifty thousand pesos (Php50,OOO.OO) but not exceeding
Two hundred thousand pesos (Php200,000.00), or both, at the
discretion of the court;
(5) Any person who destroys or seriously damages the
facilities of an airport or disrupts the services of an airport
shall be subjected to imprisonment ranging from one (1) year
to three (3) years or a fine of not less than Fifty thousand
pesos (Php50,OOO.OO) but not exceeding Five hundred
thousand pesos (Php500,000.00),or both, as determined by
the court.
 General Aviation Maintenance Personnel Sanction
a. Failure to revise aircraft data after major
30 to 60 day suspension
repairs or alterations
b. Failure to perform or improper
30 to 120 day suspension
performance of maintenance
c. Failure of mechanic to properly
30 to 60 day suspension
accomplish inspection
Minimum civil penalty to 30 day
d. Failure of mechanic to record inspection
suspension
e. Failure of Inspection Authorization
60 to 80 day suspension of Inspection
holder to properly accomplish
Authorization
inspection
f. Failure of Inspection Authorization Moderate civil penalty to 30 day
holder to record inspection suspension of Inspection Authorization
g. Maintenance performed by person
Moderate to maximum civil penalty
without a certificate
h. Maintenance performed by person who
15 to 60 day suspension
exceeded certificate limitations
Moderate civil penalty to 60 day
i. Improper approval for return to service
suspension
Moderate civil penalty to 60 day
j. j. Failure to make maintenance record
suspension
k. k. Failure to set forth adequate Minimum civil penalty to 30 day
description of work performed suspension
l. l. Falsification of maintenance records Revocation
(a) The Authority may, at any time, inspect an ATO holder on the ATO holder’s
premises to determine the ATO’s compliance with this Part.
(b) Inspections will normally be conducted at least annually, unless the certificate
holder continues to meet the requirements under which it was originally certificated.
At the discretion of the Authority the inspection may be extended to 24 months.
(c) After an inspection is made, the certificate holder will be notified, in writing, of
any deficiencies found during the inspection.
(d) Inspection will also be performed on the applicant for, or the holder of an ATO
certificate held outside Republic of the Philippines. This inspection may be
delegated to the Authority of the State where the ATO is located, provided an
arrangement exists.
A standard certificate of airworthiness is a permit for
commercial passenger or cargo operation, issued for an
aircraft by the national aviation authority in the state/nation in
which the aircraft is registered.
A standard airworthiness certificate is an airworthiness certificate issued for an
aircraft by the national aviation authority in the state in which the aircraft is registered.
A standard airworthiness certificate is one of the certificates that are mandatory if an
aircraft is to be used in commercial operations.
• Transport
• Commuter
• Normal
• Utility
• Acrobatic
• Manned free balloons
• Special class of aircraft
The airworthiness certificate must be carried on board the aircraft and must be
presented to a representative of the aviation authority upon request.
• An airworthiness directive (commonly abbreviated as AD) is a
notification to owners and operators from the Civil Aviation
Authority of certified aircraft that a known safety deficiency with a
particular model of aircraft, engine, avionics or other system exists
and must be corrected.
• These AD's notify aircraft owners and operators of potential unsafe
conditions and require special inspections, repairs, or alterations to
correct the unsafe condition.
• If a certified aircraft has outstanding airworthiness directives that
have not been complied with, the aircraft is not considered airworthy.
• It is mandatory for an aircraft operator to comply with an AD.
(a) Upon registration of an aircraft in the Republic of the Philippines, the Authority will
notify the State of Design of the aircraft of the registration in the Republic of the
Philippines, and request that the Authority receives any and all airworthiness
directives addressing that aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or
component part.
(b) Whenever the State of Design considers that a condition in an aircraft, airframe,
aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component part is unsafe as shown by the
issuance of an airworthiness directive by that State, the requirements of such
directives shall apply to the Republic of the Philippines registered civil aircraft of the
type identified in that airworthiness directive.
(c) The Authority may identify manufacturer's service bulletins and other sources of data,
or develop and prescribe inspections, procedures and limitations, in the form of an
airworthiness directive for mandatory compliance pertaining to affected aircraft in the
Republic of the Philippines.
(d) No person may operate any Republic of the Philippines registered civil aircraft to
which the measures of this subsection apply, except in accordance with the
applicable directives.
Service Bulletins (SB) are notices to aircraft operators from a
manufacturer notifying them of a product improvement.
Alert service bulletins are issued by the manufacturer when a
condition exists that the manufacturer feels is a safety related item as
opposed to just a product improvement. These SB's usually result in
the FAA issuing an AD. The AD will reference the alert service bulletin
as a method of compliance with the airworthiness directive.
If a service bulletin is not an alert service bulletin or a bulletin
referenced in an AD, it becomes optional and may or may not be
incorporated by the operator.
• Provide an acceptable, clearly understood method for complying
with a regulation.
• Standardize implementation of a regulation or harmonize
implementation for the international aviation community.
• Resolve a general misunderstanding of a regulation.
• Respond to a request from some government entity, such as
General Accounting Office, NTSB, or the Office of the Inspector
General.
• Help the industry and CAAP effectively implement a regulation.
• Explain requirements and limits of an CAAP grant program.
• Expand on standards needed to promote aviation safety, including
the safe operation of airports.
• A minimum equipment list (MEL) is a list which provides for the
operation of aircraft, subject to specified conditions, with particular
equipment inoperative (which is) prepared by an operator in
conformity with, or more restrictive than, the MEL established for the
aircraft type. (ICAO Annex 6: Operation of Aircraft).
• The Minimum Equipment List (MEL) is a document and method
aircraft operators use to obtain relief from Federal Aviation
Regulations requiring that all equipment installed on the aircraft be
operative at the time of flight. It is aircraft-specific and spells out
which pieces of equipment may be allowed to be inoperable along
with any procedures that are required for an aircraft to operate
under specific conditions while maintaining airworthiness.
An Annual Inspection is complete inspection of an aircraft and
engine, required by the Code of Federal Regulations, to be
accomplished every 12 calendar months on all certificated
aircraft. Only an A&P technician holding an Inspection
Authorization (IA) can conduct an annual inspection.
Most general aviation aircraft require an annual inspection. Excluded
are aircraft that:
• Use an approved progressive inspection plan;
• Carry a special flight permit;
• Carry a current experimental certificate; or
• Carry a provisional airworthiness certificate.
The annual must be completed and properly endorsed by a mechanic
with an Inspection Authorization (IA) within the preceding 12
calendar months. For example, if the aircraft's annual is endorsed on
March 15, 2012, the next annual is due before April 1, 2013; otherwise
the aircraft may not be flown without authorization (such as with a
ferry permit).
A ferry permit is required to fly an aircraft that's out of annual, such as
in the case of flying to another airport for the inspection.
The 100-hour inspection is required for aircraft:
• That carry any person (other than a crew member) for hire;
• That are provided by any person giving flight instruction for hire.
• If a flight instructor provides an aircraft, or any operation that
supplies both flight instruction and an aircraft, that aircraft is subject
to the 100-hour inspection. An aircraft provided by the (student) pilot,
who is receiving instruction, is not subject to the 100-hour inspection.
• The 100-hour limit may be exceeded by 10 hours for the
purposes of flying to a place where the inspection can be done.
The excess time must be included in computing the next 100 hours
of time in service.
An approved maintenance organization may perform
maintenance, preventive maintenance, or
alterations on an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine,
propeller, appliance, component, or part thereof only
for which it is rated and within the terms, conditions,
and authorizations placed in its operations
specifications.
A document signed by an authorized representative
of an approved maintenance organization (AMO) in
respect of an inspection, repair or modification on a
complete aircraft, engine or propeller after it has received
a Maintenance Release for the maintenance performed
at an AMO.
(a) No person may assign, nor shall any person perform maintenance functions for
aircraft, unless that person has had a minimum rest period of 8 hours prior to the
beginning of duty.
(b) No person may schedule a person performing maintenance functions for aircraft
for more than 12 consecutive hours of duty.
(c) In situations involving unscheduled aircraft unserviceability, persons
performing maintenance functions for aircraft may be continued on duty for
(1) Up to 16 consecutive hours; or
(2) 20 hours in 24 consecutive hours.
(d) Following unscheduled duty periods, the person performing maintenance
functions for aircraft shall have a mandatory rest period of 10 hours.
(e) The AMO shall relieve the person performing maintenance functions from all
duties for 24 consecutive hours during any 7 consecutive day period.